ORAL COMMUNICATION

[TYPES OF SPEECH]

 ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
- INFORMATIVE/EXPOSITORY - educating
- PERSUASIVE - convince/persuade to agree
- ENTERTAINMENT - bring joy

 ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
- MANUSCRIPT - written information
- MEMORIZED SPEECH -
- EXTEMPORANEOUS - given time to prepare
- IMPROMPTU - without preparation

[SPEECH STYLES]

1. INTIMATE - used in very close relationship/ not share the conversation to public
2. CASUAL – ordinary
3. CONSULTATIVE - semi-formal and standard communication
4. FORMAL - straight forward speech
5. FROZEN - most formal

[SPEECH ACTS]

 LOCUTIONARY - actual speech/ utterance

- has meaning to both speaker and listener
 ILLOCUTIONARY - social function
- speakers intention
 PERLOCUTIONARY - if there is a reaction
- produce an effect

 SPEECH ACT THEORY by SEARLE

1. ASSERTIVE - to convince people
2. DIRECTIVE - command (e.g. requesting, ordering)
3. COMMISSIVE - commitment or promise
4. EXPRESSIVE - express feelings (e.g. thanking, apologizing)
5. DECLARATION - change the status of some entity (e.g. marrying, resigning, naming a ship/ institution)

[ 7 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY]

1. NOMINATE - start a topic in conversation

2. RESTRICTION - limit conversation
3. TURN TAKING - which people decides who take the conversational floor
4. TOPIC CONTROL - there is a procedure, keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a
response
5. TOPIC SHIFTING - changing the topic/ introducing new topic
6. REPAIR - overcoming communication breakdown/ addressing the problems
7. TERMINATION - ending the conversation
[ FACTORS AFFECTED BY A SHIFT IN SPEECH CONTEXT, SPEECH STYLE, SPEECH ACTS, COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
LANGUAGE FORM:]
FORMAL - talk with person in authority
INFORMAL - w/o much consideration to formality

 DURATION OF INTERACTION - refers to time of exchange ideas

 RELATIONSHIP OF SPEAKER - bond between speaker & listener/ how the discussion relate to receivers’ interest
& knowledge
 ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY OF SPEAKER - encourage, motivate
 MESSAGE – content
 DELIVERY - the way the speaker communicates

[ PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH WRITING]

 AUDIENCE PROFILE - who? how many? what do they want? why will they be interested?
 LOGICAL ORGANIZATION - clear step by step idea in introducing the topic
 INTRODUCTION - should be interesting
 BODY - detail of speech
1. PROBLEM - solution order
2. CATEGORICAL- topic order
3. CHRONOLOGICAL- order/ record of events
4. COMPARE & CONTRAST- identifying similarities or differences
- show differences
5. SPATIAL GEOGRAPHICAL ORDER - practice of organizing information
6. CAUSAL ORDER - cause and effect
7. THE CONCLUSION - summarizer of the entire speech
- powerful & impacting

 STRATEGIES (Tandoc, 2016)

1. present summary
2. repeat key ideas presented
3. repeat central ideas for emphasis
4. go back to the strategy used in introduction
5. signal the end of your speech
6. end with an impact
THOUGHT- provoking questions
HUMOR - quotation
A CALL FOR ACTION
CONNECTION TO A LARGER CONTEXT