LIQUIDS IN RELATIVE EQUILIBRIIUM

ω
r

h
 ω ω

hc hc

y y

d d

ELEVATION VIEW
 ω ω

h h
hc hc

d d

ELEVATION VIEW
 ω

W
dy
dx
FIGURE A CF
x hc
y
θ

θ
N d
W
FIGURE B

CF
ELEVATION VIEW
 dy
FIGURE A  tan θ
dx

CF  mω 2 r  tan θ
W FIGURE B
W mg
dy
dx dy mω 2 r
FIGURE A CF 
dx mg
θ

dy ω 2
r
N
 dx  g


ω 2

θ  dy  g  x dx
N
W
FIGURE B ω 2 2
y  x C
2g
CF
C0
 ω 2 2 ω
y x
g

r, h 
r

hω r
2 2

h
2g x hc
y

Symbol Description Unit

h Height of paraboloid formed during rotation m, ft

ω Angular velocity rad/s

r Radius of the paraboloid m, ft

d
g Gravitational constant m/s2, ft/s2

hc Height of cylinder m, ft
ELEVATION VIEW
d Diameter of cylinder m, ft
 Conversion Factor
Squared Property
1 rad  30 rev
s π min of Parabola
r1

Volume of Paraboloid r2
r
h1

h2
h r3
h3

Vp  1 πr 2 h r12 r22 r32 rn2

2   ... 
h1 h 2 h 3 hn
PROBLEM 1
An open cylindrical tank 6 m high has a 2-m-inside diameter. It contains water to
a depth of 4.5 m. The tank is to be rotated about its axis at the center. Determine
(a) The maximum angular velocity (rad/s) for no spilling of water.
(b) The maximum and minimum pressures (kPa) at the bottom of the tank if
rotated to a angular velocity of 6 rad/sec.
(c) What angular speed (rpm) will make the depth of water at the center of the
tank zero?
(d) The volume (m3) of water spilled out of the tank if rotated to an angular
velocity of 10 rad/sec. To what depth will the water stand when brought to
rest?
(e) If  = 12 rad/sec, how much area (m2) at the bottom of the tank is uncovered?
PROBLEM 1

1.5 m

6m 6m

4.5 m 4.5 m

2m 2m
PROBLEM 1 (a)The maximum angular velocity (rad/s) for no spilling of water.

ω 2 2
r ω ω
h r=1
2g
OPTION 1 Volume of water 1.5 m

Let V1  initial volume h

Let V2  volume during rotation

V1  π1 4.5
2

4.5 m
V2  Vc  Vp

  2 
V2  π1 6   π1 h
2 1
 2 
h 3 m
2m
PROBLEM 1 (a)The maximum angular velocity (rad/s) for no spilling of water.

ω 2 2
r ω ω
h r=1
2g
OPTION 2 Volume of air 1.5 m

Let V1  initial volume h

Let V2  volume during rotation

V1  π1 1.5
2

4.5 m
V2  Vp

V2  π1 h
1 2
2
h 3 m
2m
PROBLEM 1 (a)The maximum angular velocity (rad/s) for no spilling of water.

ω 2 2
r ω ω
h r=1
2g
1.5 m
h 3 m
h
r 1 m
ω 2 1
2
3
2 9.81 m2  4.5 m
 s 
ω max  7.67 rad
s

2m
PROBLEM 1 (b) The maximum and minimum pressures (kPa) at the bottom of the
tank if rotated to a angular velocity of 6 rad/sec.
ω ω
ω  6 rad  ω max  7.67 rad
s s
r=1
hω r
2 2

2g

h
62 12 h

2 9.81 m2  hmax

 s 
h  1.83 m hmin

2m
PROBLEM 1 (b) The maximum and minimum pressures (kPa) at the bottom of the
tank if rotated to a angular velocity of 6 rad/sec.

h  1.83 m ω ω

Volume of water
r=1
Let V1  initial volume
Let V2  volume during rotation
h
V1  π1 4.5
2

hmax
V2  Vh  max   Vp

 2  
V2  π1 h max   π1 1.83
1
 2
2

hmin

h max  5.42 m
h min  3.58 m 2m
PROBLEM 1 (b) The maximum and minimum pressures (kPa) at the bottom of the
tank if rotated to a angular velocity of 6 rad/sec.

h max  5.42 m ω ω

h min  3.58 m
r=1
p max  γh max
p max  53.14 kPa h

p min  γh min hmax

p max  35.14 kPa

hmin

2m
PROBLEM 1 (c) What angular speed (rpm) will make the depth of water at the
center of the tank zero?
ω ω
hω r
2 2
r=1
2g

h6 m
r 1 m
ω 2 1
2
h=6m
6
2 9.81 m2 
 s 
ω  10.85 rad  103.61 rpm
s

2m
PROBLEM 1
(d) The volume (m3) of water spilled ω ω
out of the tank if rotated to an
r=1
angular velocity of 10 rad/sec.
To what depth will the water stand
when brought to rest?

ω
h r
2 2

2g h
6m

h
10 1
2 2

2 9.81 m2 
 s 
h  5.10 m

2m
PROBLEM 1
(d) The volume (m3) of water spilled ω ω
out of the tank if rotated to an
r=1
angular velocity of 10 rad/sec.
To what depth will the water stand
when brought to rest?

h  5.10 m
Let V1  initial volume h
6m
Let V2  volume retained
Let V3  volume spilled

2m
PROBLEM 1
(d) The volume (m3) of water spilled ω ω
out of the tank if rotated to an
r=1
angular velocity of 10 rad/sec.
To what depth will the water stand
when brought to rest?

V1  π1 4.5
2

h
V2  VC  Vp 6m
VC  π1 6 
2

Vp  π1 5.10
1 2
2
V3  V1  V2
V3  3.30 m 3
2m
PROBLEM 1
(d) The volume (m3) of water spilled
out of the tank if rotated to an
r=1
angular velocity of 10 rad/sec.
To what depth will the water stand
when brought to rest?

V2  10.8385 m 3
10.8385 m 3  π1 y
2
6m

y  3.45 m y

2m
 (e) If  = 12 rad/sec, how much area (m2) at the bottom of the tank is
PROBLEM 1 uncovered?

ω 2 2 ω ω
h r
2g r1 = 1

h
122 12

2 9.81 2 
m
 s 
h  7.34 m
h1
Let h1 = height of largest paraboloid
Let r1 = radius of largest paraboloid
Let h2 = height of smaller paraboloid r2
Let r2 = radius of smaller paraboloid
h1  7.34 m r1  1 m h2
 (e) If  = 12 rad/sec, how much area (m2) at the bottom of the tank is
PROBLEM 1 uncovered?
ω ω
Property of Parabola
r1 = 1
r12 r22

h1 h 2
h1  7.34 m
r1  1 m
h1
h 2  1.34 m

r22  0.18 m 2
r2
A U  0.57 m 2
h2