MECHANICS OF

MATERIALS II 10
0 TO
N

WAQAR RIAZ
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)

• To find the state of stress at oriented direction.

𝑋
 𝜎
𝑌
𝜎 𝑥 +𝜎 𝑦 𝜎 𝑥 − 𝜎 𝑦

 𝜎
  𝑋=
𝜎 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃+ 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
2 2

𝑋𝑌
 𝜏
  𝑌 = 𝜎 𝑥 +𝜎 𝑦 − 𝜎 𝑥 − 𝜎 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 − 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
𝜎
2 2
𝜎𝑥−𝜎 𝑦
𝜏  𝑋𝑌 =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 + 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃
2
Rearranging Equations 𝜎  𝑦
𝜎 𝑥 +𝜎 𝑦 𝜎 𝑥 −𝜎 𝑦 Y y
  𝑋−
𝜎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃+ 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
2 2 𝜎  𝑥
X
𝜏  𝑥𝑦
x
*RC Hibbler Pg 461,
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)

• To find the state of stress at oriented direction.

𝜎𝑥−𝜎 𝑦
𝜏  𝑋𝑌 =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 + 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃
2
  𝑋− 𝜎 𝑥 +𝜎 𝑦 𝜎 𝑥 − 𝜎 𝑦
𝜎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃+ 𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
2 2
Squaring and Adding
2 2 2
  𝜎 − 𝜎 𝑥 +𝜎 𝑦 𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦
( 𝑋
2 ) +𝜏 2
𝑋𝑌 =( 2 ) (
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 +𝜏 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 + −
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 + 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 )
 
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)

• To find the state of stress at oriented direction.

This equation is similar to the general equation of circle

(  𝑋 − h )2 +𝑌 2 = 𝑅2
2 h
R   𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦

𝜎
  𝑎𝑣𝑔
𝜎
  𝑋
 
  𝑎𝑣𝑔=
𝜎
𝜎 𝑥+ 𝜎 𝑦
2 𝑅=
√( 2 )
+ ( 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 )
2

R
X

𝜏  𝑋𝑌 Y
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)

 
𝜎
  𝑎𝑣𝑔  𝜎 𝑥 −𝜎 𝑦
2
𝜎 𝑥+ 𝜎 𝑦
  𝑎𝑣𝑔=
𝜎 𝜎  𝑋
2 R  𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝜏  𝑋𝑌
A
  𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦 2
𝑅=
√( 2 )
+ ( 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 )2

Break down radius into its component

Point A represents the current
state of stress

Mohr circle shows the value of stresses in

transformed coordinate system in terms
of original coordinate system
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)
  When
How to draw
a Mohr 𝜎
  𝑎𝑣𝑔  𝜎 𝑥 −𝜎 𝑦
Circle? 2
 
Point A coordinates 𝜎
 
(, ) R  𝜏 𝑥𝑦 𝑋
𝜎
  𝑥 A
  𝜏  𝑋𝑌
  Center of the circle

  𝑎𝑣𝑔= 𝜎 𝑥+ 𝜎 𝑦
𝜎 Join center and point A
2
2
Y 𝜎  𝑦 𝜎  𝑌
  𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦
𝑅=
√( 2 )
+ ( 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 )
2 y
𝜎  𝑥
𝜏  𝑥𝑦
𝜎  𝑋
Draw the circle with
radius OA.

𝜏  𝑋𝑌
x X
 STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR’S CIRCLE)
  When
Which   𝑦B
𝜎  𝜎 𝑥 −𝜎 𝑦
 2 𝜃𝑆 2
information can −  𝜏 𝑥𝑦  2 𝜃
be obtained from  
Point B coordinates  2 𝜃 𝑝
Mohr Circle? 𝜎
  𝑎𝑣𝑔 R
𝜎
  𝑋
(, -)
 𝜏 𝑥𝑦
𝜎
  𝑥 A

 
𝜏  𝑋𝑌
In-Plane Principal Normal
  𝑎𝑣𝑔= 𝜎 𝑥 + 𝜎 𝑦
𝜎 Stresses

𝜎  𝑋

𝜏  𝑋𝑌
2
X
2
𝜎  𝑦 In-Plane Maximum Shear Stress
  𝜎𝑥−𝜎𝑦
𝑅=
√( 2 )
+ ( 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 )
2 y
𝜎  𝑥 Why the angle in

𝜎  𝑌
Mohr circle is two
𝜏  𝑥𝑦 times the rotation
𝜃=90
 
x of actual element?
Y
 For the stress element shown,
𝜎  𝑦 =50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
y a) Calculate the principle normal stresses and in-plane maximum shear stress
𝜎  𝑥 =80 𝑀𝑃𝑎 using Mohr’s circle. Also find their orientation.
D C b) Calculate the values of stresses if the element is rotated 45 degrees CCW.
𝜏  =25 𝑀𝑝𝑎 Draw the Mohr’s circle for the element shown
A B 𝑥𝑦
x  Measure or calculate
  𝜃 𝑠 =55
Draw point A at (-80,-25)   𝜃 𝑃 = 10 Measure or calculate
maximum in-plane shear
Draw center of circle at stress.
C(-80+50)/2=-15 A(-80,-25)

Draw a line passing through

Points A and C. 2  𝜃𝑃 C
AC will be the radius of circle 𝜎
  𝑋
 𝜎 𝑝 1 ≈ −86 𝑀𝑃𝑎  𝜎 𝑝 2 ≈ 59 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Draw a circle with center
at C and radius AC. 2
  𝜃𝑠

 
Measure or calculate
Measure or calculate
values of principal
stresses
𝜏  𝑋𝑌
 𝜏 𝑥𝑦 ≈ 73 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 For the stress element shown,
𝜎  𝑦 =50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
y a) Calculate the principle normal stresses and in-plane maximum shear stress
𝜎  𝑥 =80 𝑀𝑃𝑎 using Mohr’s circle. Also find their orientation.
D C b) Calculate the values of stresses if the element is rotated 45 degrees CCW.
𝜏  =25 𝑀𝑝𝑎 Draw the Mohr’s circle for the element shown
A B 𝑥𝑦
x

Solve part B and show

the state of stress for
oriented element.?
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS

Stress element in multiaxial state of stress.

z

9 stress elements for single element

There exist In-plane maximum shear stress for each plane

x
Absolute Maximum shear stress will be at some other plane
inside the element
To find absolute maximum shear stress:
1) Find the principal normal stresses
2) Arrange the principal normal stresses in ascending order
3) Absolute maximum shear stress will be difference
between the maximum and minimum principal normal
stress divided by 2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
Consider a 3D stress element
Draw Mohr circle for each plane
𝜎
  3 =0
Arrange stresses in ascending order
  <
yz-plane   Draw point A(,0) for yz
Draw
  Draw point
point C(,0)
B(,0) forplane
for xz plane
xy plane
    Draw
Draw
  Draw Center Center at
at Center at

  𝜎
  𝑋
xz-plane  
xy-plane 𝜏 𝑦𝑧,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜏 𝑥𝑦,𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝜏 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥
  𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙) − 𝑀𝑖𝑛( 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 ) 𝜏  𝑋𝑌
𝜏 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2
  𝜏  𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =(𝜎 ¿¿ 1− 0)/2   ¿
PRACTICE PROBLEMS

• Hibbler Pg 465 E9.7 to 9.11

• Hibbler Pg 468 F9.7 to F9.11
• Hibbler Pg 470 P9.62 to F9.73
ADDITIONAL LEARNING

• Mohr Circle
• Mohr Circle Concept check
SUMMARY

• Stress Transformation using Graphical Method