Luminary 4of 4

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kd a&pDawmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf
vufwGJ aqmif&Guf&ef
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“zdwfac:tyfygonf”
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pmrlrsm;udk(15)&ufae h
aemufqHk;xm;jyD; ay;ydkŒ }uyg&ef
arwWm&yfct H yfygonf//
Luminary Magazine Volume 4, No. 4 1
1
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Boycott Myu Tsaw 10
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2 Luminary Magazine Volume 4, No. 4
2
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9
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Myu Tsaw
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12
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14
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taEG;"gwf v_yEf ;d_ rSjzifh
ajrv$mxJu apmif=h unfah ecJh
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&J0hH wd;k xGuf odycf u J sqif; ESi;f '%f vGwv f yfra_ wG yGiEhf ikd cf hJ ?
udik ;f cuf yifpnfw@kd ta&jym;vS;D jzwf
yk&pfrsucf w HG @kd zl;pd@k wdu k cf wfavat;wd@k '%f yef;vdyk gyJ vlw@kd uvJ
pdr;f jr&GuEf ak 0 !d@k vm=u ? aqmif;&J@ jyif; xef ordik ;f ed,mrtwdik ;f
oHajczaESmifh atmufrmS wduk yf vJG i_d ;f awGxJ
a[m ....wzl;+yD; wzl; yef;yif yef;yGirhf sm;pGm w&J&jJ zwfae
wiH+k yD; wiHk ajrc =u&&Sm ? b0opfukd wdu k ,
f l
aejcnfv&H_ if; zl;yGihf &mZ0ifa=uG; atmifyJG xlc=hJ uayg@ ?
ar$;jr *k%w f ifh ? ol&aJ umif; vlxak wG&@J aoG;
vlxak wGukd aEG;apcJh at;jrESi;f &nf
yef;vJ yef;b0 ajr&J@ atmufvm$ aty&,fvf 5/ 2010
ed,mreJ@ ? ol&aJ umif;wd@k pdw"f gwrf sm;pGmu
yef;vJyef;b0 iH@k v#Kd ;&mrS
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a=uG&mrSwzef &Sio f efyiG &hf vlxk yef;awm[m pdr;f vef;!d@k vm=u
ar$;xHjk r=u ? ta&;awmfykH v_y&f mS ; zl;yGi=hf u
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yef;vdv k l toacsu F kd &Sio
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15
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f pfokd h oH}udK;pm
vlawG vl!eG @f jyKef;rJu

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vlawG vlrsKd ;wH;k oGm;Edik w
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vlom;rsKd ;EG,af wG rsKd ;rjyKef;wD;a&;

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obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f a&;orm;awGu
tjyif;txef umuG,af e=ucsed f ?
arG;&myg vl@tcGit hf a&;awGuv kd nf;

vl@tcGit hf a&;umuG,o f al wGu
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avwduk &f m wqwfqwfcgv@kd
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16
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k ahf usmudk wHqyd w f ;kH twk xkcikd ;f ae=uav&J@ ?
aqmif;uvnf; acgif &d;k awGuvnf; ajymifaeayg@

ywf=um;tuf tuGuf xaewJh
nSi;f od;k od;k usm;emwaumif&@J tmaiG@e@J
twdwaf rh yvufazmif;ab;rSm/
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acwftemudk ppfa=unmcJ=h uw,f ?
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awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udk tm&Hak jymif;rJh
jrefrmhta&; aqG;aEG;yGJ wJh
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&kyjf rifo=H um;xJ azgucf JG
a=umfjimxJ azgucf JG
ESpof pfxJ erdwrf &Sd ermr&Sd ?
aqGEdkif (e,fomvef)
17
t&rf;vGv
J kd h vrf;cGpJ kd h
i,foil ,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf

ESpaf ygi;f ESpq
f ,favmuf a0;uGm
wzefjyefvnf qHak wG@=u
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vlwum twif;awGygaESmvd@k
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av;av;eufeuf aqG;aEG;
Edik if t
hH a&;udk aZmif;ay;
t}udwt f e,f aqG;aEG;=uawmh
usKd ;a=umif;&,fwhJ rqifjcif
trSm;awGukd trSex f ifajym
ol@raemudk usaemfocd &hJ ayg@ ?
jiif;=u/ cH=k u/ aqG;aEG;=uawmh

wbufowf qefwt hJ =u!fh olu armifrsKd ;cspf wJah v
w0ufavmufom odwt hJ od usaemfu armifreS cf spf yg
rsuEf mS rsm;awmif ysuo f nftxd b,fou l ydv
k @kd npfovJ
tcsi;f csi;f awG jiif;vduk &f ygbd aocsmpGm a0zefqef;ppf
wa,mufuw kd a,muf r=u!f&h aJ yg@ ? rsKd ;cspu
f usKd ;a=umif;r=u!fh
trsKd ; aumif;pm;zd@k awmh od
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trsm;aumif;zd@k om =u!fv h @kd
b,f"g; aumif;ovJ =u!fah e&ayg@ ?
&[ef;/ &Si/f vl/ ausmif;om;awGowf

bmom/ omoem/ vlrsKd ;yg zsuq f ;D
ppfwyfaumif;pm;a&; 0g'jzef@
jynfot l aygi;f udk 'kuaQ y;
18
pm; 0wf aer_ vHak tmifrjyK
bmaumif;uGuf wckrrS &Swd hJ
ppfwyf (etz) ppftpd;k &udk
bmvd@k rsm; axmufctH m;ay;
tawG;&cuf cufaea&mayg@ ?
a[m — olu a0zef

Edik if aH &;orm; qdw k m
t&H;_ tjrwfe@J tqH;k owfz@kd
jzwfoif&h ifjzwf owfoif&h ifowf
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axmif;ueJxu G v f mwJh a'go
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wzufowf ZGwt f wif;eJ@
pGwjf iif;wwfwhJ ol@0g'a=umifh
ao&ifawmif i&Jjynfawmufav#mufqif;
a&mufa&mufjcif;udk '%fawGcwf
oli,fcsi;f twGuf aemufwxyfw;kd vd@k
topfaqmufxm;ay;vdrhf r,fa[h
rif;eJ@ig t&rf;cspw f hJ oli,fcsi;f ayrJh
qef;ppfv@kd qH;k jzwf=u!fah wmh
t&rf;vGv J @kd vrf;cGpJ @kd oli,fcsi;f a&?
zdk;oHkn (bmbmuaz;)
13 rwfv 2010
19
vlxak ysmhuu
G f etz tcsuf
jynfwiG ;f u ArmawG
rd;k cg; a&aomuf
jynfy a&mufawG
qm;iH a&aomuf/
b,fajrrSm
bma& aomufaomuf
Zmwdawmh raysmuf/
urBmrSm Arm[m
wae&m wpf&mtoif;
olwvl igwrif;eJ@
tm%mudk zDqef&if;
tm%maxmifacsmufqif; ?
at;rdaqG
20
2008........2010
rSeq
f w
kd m ae&mwck&@J &moDOwke@J
tyltat; avab;udk umuG,af y;w,f ?
rSe&f @J obm0u twGi;f tjyifrcGjJ cm;

uGu
J jJG ym;jym; vSr;f =unfv
h @kd jrifEikd w
f ,f ?
'gayr,fh rSe&f @J wzufrmS tarSmifcjH y'g;okwf

vlw@kd vyk v
f u
kd &f ifawmh obm0w&m; trSm;jzpfomG ;+yD ?
wzufu=unf&h if jrifawG@&wm ud, k &hf yk o

f iG f
wzufu=unfjh yefawmh avmu}uD;udk bmrSrjrif
=unfo
h &l @J &_axmift
h & ajymif;vJv@kd oGm;cJ+h yD ?
ud,
k &hf yk o
f iG jf rifwmawmif b,faxmif&if nmay:
nmvSr;f awmh b,fajcxGuf
rm,mcsuaf wGu trsm;}uD;ayg@ ?
wzufu=unf&h ifvJ oJurJG b

_ mrSr&Sd
yuwdtarSmifw&m;udk jywfom;pGm}uHK&vdrrhf ,f ?
wu,fawmh rSeq f w
kd m vlom;wd@k &@J
oGe;f zG@J r_ tEkynm ?
uJ — b,fbufu b,fvakd e+yD;

bmawGukd b,fv=kd unf=h urvJ — ?
xGe;f jidr;f (abmufaxmfom;)

21
tvif;tdrf umwGe;f
22
tvif;tdrf umwGe;f
23
tvif;tdrf umwGe;f
24
tvif;tdrf oa&mfpm
raemufeJ h [
aumhom;
rif;}uD;rsm; h h h
bk&m; h h h bk&m; h h h
tif; h h h Edik if aH wmftwGi;f rSm ESpOf ;D umv twmo}uFerf mS h h w h pfv;kH / ESpv f ;kH / oH;k vH;k
qd+k yD; wtk;H tH;k eJ ah yguv f u kd wf hJ AH;k awG h h h b,fvrkd sm; jzpf&wmvJ uG,w f kd /h /
rSev f yS g h h h bke;f awmfa=umifyh g bk&m;//
[Jh h h h ig u h , kd af wmf&J h bke;f eJ h AH;k bmqdik v f kd vh J h h h armifrif;//
rSevf yS g bk&m; h h h qdik rf qdik af wmh roda=umif;yg // Tae h T&uf T tcsed rf mS ayguf
&r,fvdk h aejynfawmfxkwf r[mo}uFefpmrSm a&;xm;wJh ,=wmt& usaemfrsdK;}uD;wdk@
pDpOfvu kd wf mygb&k m;//
at; h h h at; h h h ,=wmaumif;&if rif;avmif;awmifaysmufw,f qdw k hJ pum;
&Sw
d ,f r[kwv f m; armifrif; h h h acs=u / r_e;f =u h h t h J h h h a,mifvkd /h /
at; h h 'h geJ h h h h armifrif;wd@k b,fukd jrSm;OD;vSJ zh kd h vkyx f m;ovJuJG ah rmifrif;//
rSev f yS gb&k m; h h t h cktr_u enf;enf;}uD;w,fqakd wmh h h t h &ifvkd jzpfovdk u&ife@J
ausmif;om;awG h zufcsn;f v$cJ svkd rh jzpfao;ygb&k m;// rD', D mawGrmS awmh tzsuo f rm; qd+k yD;
avmavmq,f bHek mrnfwyf ig;rdepfwcg xkwv hf i$ jhf yoxm;ygw,f bk&m;// wpfcsucf w k f
tukev f ;kH jywf qdo k vdk tajctaet& rD;tHk xm;wmygb&k m;// aemufyikd ;f a&G;aumufyeJG J h
ywfoufvkd h carmufawG [dv k yk f 'Dvyk f vkyv f m&ifawmh usaemfrsKd ;}u;D wdk h o}ueF Af ;kH udk t=umif;
jyKvdk h tukev f ;kH udk qGpJ m;zdk h vkyx f m;a=umif;yg bk&m;// ucsirf mS ayguw f hJ AH;k udv k nf; rif;w&m;
}u;D pum;em;raxmif / e,fjcm;apmifw h yf zGJ zh dk h acgi;f rmaewJ ah utdik t f t dk wGuf axmifacsmuf
qif xm;a=umif;ygb&k m;//
at h h h w,fvJ h h h xl;c|ex f ufjrwfvaS csvm; armif;rif;wdk /h /
25
rSev f yS g h h rh if;w&m;}uD; vufxufawmfrS bke;f awmfa=umifh ay:ayguv f mwJh Edik if H
a&;okcrderf sm; jzpfaoma=umifyh g bk&m;//
at; h h h 'geJ h h h h igu, kd af wmf a&;vdu k w f hJ a&G;aumufyJG Oya' tajctaea&m b,fh
ESJ vh J h h ah rmifrif;wdk /h /
tif; h h h tckaeawmh jynfyeJ jh ynfwiG ;f rSm rw&m;bl; qdw k hJ toHawG xGuaf eyg
w,fb&k m;//
t,f h h h w,fvJ rdu k =f uay;ud;k h h h igu, kd af wmf / igb&k if / ig zh mom wkid ;f jynf
b,fEpS yf wf ywf / 'if;wdk eh J h bmqdik v f J h h h a&G;aumufyJG vkyaf y;wmawmif vGev f +S yD h h /h /
rSeyf gb&k m; h h u h saemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk h jynfwiG ;f twGuq f &kd ifawmh a&G;wmwdk /h aumufwm
wdk h bmrS rvkyv f nf; usaemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk h jynfol jynfom;awGu bmrSajymwmrSwv f kd /h / 'gayrJh
jyifyurBmu vufcaH tmifvkd h 'gawGukd tjzpf vkyjf yae&wm ygb&k m;// tckawmh rSe;f csuef @J
ESr;f xGuf rudu k jf zpfaeygw,fb&k m;// carmufawGu rygb;l qdak wmh yGu J rvSb;l jzpfaew,f
bk&m;// olwkd o h m yg&if yGu J vSygw,f bk&m;// wpfcsucf w k f tukev f ;kH jywf h h h yGo J rd ;f a=umif;yg
bk&m;//
[J h h h h w h pfcsucf w k f qdw k m bmvJ h h h armifrif;//
rSev f yS gb&k m;// carmufawGom 'DuiG ;f xJ 0ifvm&if yGu J +yD;yg+yD bk&m;// ygwD rSwyf kH
wifvu kd wf meJ h urBmurw&m;bl;vdk ah jymaewJh a&G;aumufyJG Oya'u olbmom tvdv k kd
w&m;oGm;ygvrd rhf ,f bk&m;// avmif;upm;orm; pum;eJ h ajym&&ifawmh acgix f d tukepf m;
vdyk gb&k m;// 1990 a&G;aumufyJG &vm'f olzmom ol zsuo f vdjk zpf/ ol ah cgi;f aqmifawGukd
axmifcsxm;wm w&m;ojzifh jyKovdjk zpf/ ud, k afh cgi;f aqmif ud, k bf mom ud, k x f w k o f vdjk zpf/
zspf h h h h zspf h h h h zspf h h h eJ h trav; toJ,m;p&m}uD;ygb&k m;//
at; h h h tJo h nfavmuf ,m;p&m}uD; jzpfwmawmif bmjzpfvkd h r0ifa&;bufu
Edik &f ovJ armifrif;&J h h h h oHawmfO;D wifprf;//
rSev f yS gb&k m; h h h rif;w&m;}uD; a&G;aumufyJG Oya'vnf; xkwv f u kd af &m usaemfrsKd ;
wdk h wdik ;f jynfrmS Edik if aH &; pum;vH;k topfawG xGuv f mygw,f bk&m;// udv k ekd aD cwfrmS awmif
r&Sad o;wJh pum;awGygb&k m;// bmwJ /h / “acgi;f jywf Edik if aH &;”eJ h “ajcjywf vufjywf Edik if aH &;”
vd@k qdyk gw,f bk&m;// usaemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk h cif;xm;wJh vrf;twdik ;f av#muf&if “acgi;f jywf Edik if aH &;
” vdk h ac:+yD; qef u h si&f ifawmh ““ajcjywf vufjywf Edik if aH &;”jzpfr,fvkd q h ykd gw,fb&k m;//
at; h h h aeygt;kH armifrif;&J h h h h igwkd h aejynfawmfrmS vkyaf ewJh Edik if aH &;ua&m
b,f trsKd ;tpm;xJrmS ygovJ armifrif; //
rSev f yS gb&k m;// usaemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk h aejynfawmf&J h Edik if aH &;uawmh urBmrSm b,fEikd if H
rSmrS toH;k rjyKao;wJh “wud, k v f ;kH jywf” qdw k hJ Edik if aH &;ygb&k m;// usaemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk u h 'Dtajc
26
taeudk qufxrd ;f xm;Edik &f if jynfoal wG wuk, d v f ;kH jywf ygr,fb&k m;// tJo h nfvrkd S r[kwv f @kd
rxdr;f Edik &f ifawmh usaemfrsKd ;}uD;wdk jh ywfygr,f bk&m;//
at; h h h w,fvJ &_yaf xG; wJh Edik if aH &; avmuygvm; uG,w f kd h h h h [l ;//
rif;w&m;}u;D u oufjyif;wcsuf r_wx f w k v f u kd of nf// ab;wGif cpm;aeaom tdraf &S ph H rif;om;
}uD;u “[if; h h h ig t h uGuaf wmh qdu k +f yD qdo k nfh tawG;jzifh ”
“rSev f yS gb&k m; // aemufyikd ;f qd&k ifonhx f uf yd+k yD; &_yaf xG;vmrJh ta&;awGa=umifh
rif;w&m;}uD;use;f rma&;twGuf tem;,loifah =umifyh gb&k m;// at h h h h ”
avcsOt f wuf 0DpuDteH u h eef;awmfaqmiftwGi;f ysH o h mG ;onf//
w,fvnf; rdu k w
f myJ tdraf &S ph }H uD;// rif; tomaeprf;yg// rif;vkyv f kd h bmrSrjzpfb;l /
igomG ;&if rif;udv k nf; ac:oGm;rSmyJ// ig&&dS if rif;&S&d r,fayg /h / rif;bmom rif; at;at;aomuf
at;at;aeprf;yg//tck igpmav;ESpaf =umif;a&;vdu k w f meJ h 90 &vm'f ysuo f mG ;+yD// igv h al wG'ikd f
vky+f yD; vmrJ h a&G;aumufyrJG mS &H;_ vdk u h awmh rif;ryleJ /h / pmav;a=umif;xufyakd &;p&mrvdb k ;l /
tcka&G;aumufyq JG w kd hJ tehaH v;ay;vdu k w f meJ h 0ifvmvdu k w f hJ ygwaD wG// igwkd h tpdwo f m;
,lxm;wmawmif eJao;// ig;q,fom; ,lxm;vnf; 0ifcsiw f hJ ygwu D 0ifrmS bJ// twGi;f 0if+yD;
yl;owfr,fav;// yif;owfr,fav;eJ /h /trav; h h h jzpfrS jzpf&av uG,w f kd /h / vkyv f mwJh trsKd ;
om;nDvmcHuykd J =unhf / tajccHOya'udk yl;jyifr,fav; h h h aygi;f jyifr,fav; eJ h nDvmcHvyk x f ;kH eJ@
ydwvf u kd f awmh b,faumif yg;pyf[&J vJ/ rcHEikd &f ifxu G /f qef u h si&f ifzrf;/ trav; [efuu kd sv@kd
aemufq;kH qefusiw hf ahJ umif Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awmif jzpfyikd cf iG rhf &Sb d ;l // rSwx f m;// tJ'g
igvyk wf hJ Edik if aH &;yJ//
rSev f yS gb&k m;// usaemfrsKd ;}u;D pd;k &drw f mu a&G;aumufyt JG & wufvmrJh tpd;k &udk urBm
u todtrSwjf yKygrh vm; bk&m;//
tJrav; h h h ylEikd &f efaumh h h h Edik if jH cm;0efrif;&J h // igwkd h 88 wke;f u vlawGaomif;csD
owf+yD; wufvmwmawmif ukvor*~ u vufccH w hJ myJ// ta&;vkyv f kd h h h h xGD //
rSev f yS gb&k m;// uJ h h h uJ // rif;w&m;}uD;vnf; yef;vS+yD// nDvmcH c%em;vdk h ESpo f pf
r*Fvm o}uFerf mS rif;w&m;}uD;ud, k af wmfwikd f aejynfawmf a&obif r¾yfrmS a&tywfczH @kd
pDpOf=uapAsm//
0efrif;. av#mufwifoaH =umifh rif;w&m;}uD; vef o h mG ;avonf// vufEpS zf ufukd
um&if;
“ trav; h h rh vky=f uygeJ h h h h rif;wdk o h }uFeu f h h h a&Al;aygi;f avmufeJ w h ifypfwm
r[kwb f ;l h h h wu,f vufypfA;kH eJ yh g ypfwm[ h h h roum ig ah cgi;f ay:usrjS zifh h h h trav;
bk&ifukd h h t h v J akd wmh raemufeJ h [ h h [ h ;D h h [h ;D //
aumhom;
27
wdki f;jynfudkcspfvdk h
azazmf 0 g&D yxrywf a vmuf u xif w ,f ?
vli,fawG&J@ pum;0dkif;rSm vl }uD;wa,mufu 0if+yD;
pum;ajymw,f? vli,fawGu wav;wpm; em;axmif+yD;
rSwfom;em,l=uw,f? usaemfu aemufydkif;rS 0if+yD;
em;axmif v d k @ / em;pG e f e m;zsm; yJ =um;vd k u f r d w ,f ? armifprG ;f &nf
olajymwmudk tptqH;k / em;axmif&wm r[kwaf yrJ/h =um;
vduk rf w d hJ pum;u/ oD;jcm; pOf;pm;qifjcif=u!fzh @kd aumif;wJh pum;jzpfaeygw,f? ol ajymwmu/
“ a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd cspzf @kd xuf/ wdik ;f jynfuckd spzf @kd ta&;}uD;w,f” wJ?h vli,fawGu
bmrSjyefrajym=ubl;? +idr+f yD;em;axmifae=uw,f? om ref=u!frh ,fq&kd if/ [kwaf yom;yJ?
wdik ;f jynfuckd spzf @kd / ta&;}uD;w,f? a':atmif qef;pk=unfv/kd vly*k Kd~ vf wOD;OD;uko d m uGu+f y;D /
cspzf @kd rvdb k ;l ? 'g[m yk*Kd~ vf ud;k uG,rf v _ ykd /J xifp&m&Syd gw,f?
'Dvq kd &kd if pmzwforl w d af qGu/kd usaemfar;yg&ap? rdwaf qG[m ---
(1) a':atmifqef;pk=unfu/kd csp=f unf!Kd ygovm;?
(2) wdik ;f jynfukd cspyf govm;?
(3) a':atmifqef;pk=unfxuf/ wdik ;f jynfukd ydck spyf govm;?
(4) wdik ;f jynfxuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd ydck spyf govm;?
usaemf xyfar;yg&ap? a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd (ppfAv kd cf sKyfawGuvG&J if) vlwikd ;f
csprf ,fv@kd usaemfxifw,f? oif---pmzwfov l /J a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd csprf ,fxifygw,f?
uJ---a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd bma=umifch spo f vJ? Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;&J@ orD;rd@k / cspo f vm;?
'Dvdkqdk&if OD;atmifqef;OD; udka&m/ cspfygovm;? ar;rS ar;&ufyavudk,fhvl&,fvdk/
cifAsm;awG;aer,fxifw,f? “&kyaf csmvd@k vm;” vd@k ar;&ifaum? OD;atmifqef;OD;&J@ ZeD;/
a':arwWmOD;vJ/ ("mwfyHkxJrSm =u!fh&wm) &kyfacsmyHk&ygw,f? olwdk@xufacsmwJh/
&k y f & S i f r if ; orD ; awG v J trsm;}uD ; ? “a':arwW m OD ; ”eJ @ rsm; E_ d i f ; rS E d _ i f ; &uf w ,f v d k @
cifAsm;awG;vdkufr,fxifw,f? olwdk@[m 'kuQa&muf aewJh/ ESri,fudk vlvlcsif;/
pmemaxmufxm;wmrsKd ;awmif r&Sb d ;l ? a':atmifqef; pk=unfaewJh tdrrf mS trd;k tumawG
ysuq f ;D aevd@k ud, k b
hf mom jyifwmawmif uef@uu G o
f wJ?h Edik if aH &; t,ltqcsi;f rwlayrJ/h
'Davmuftxd r&dik ;f oifb h ;l vd@k usaemfxifw,f? “ arwWmOD;”qdw k m/ bm “arwWm”awG
b,frmS oGm;+yD;/ “OD;” aeovJrod? OD;atmifqef;OD; (udOk ;D )twGuyf /J arwWmxm;w,f
qdv k x J m;yg? olwyg;tay: arwWmrxm;awmif/ arwWmrrJo h ifyh gb;l ?
usaemf h oabmud k / usaemf h r d w f a qG a wG e J @ aqG ; aEG ; =u!f h r d w ,f ? a':
atmifqef;pk=unfukd usaemfw@kd csp=f unf!kd =uwm[m/ yk*Kd~ vaf &;r[kwb f ;l ? ol@ qDu bmrSvJ
28
rar#mfvifhbl;? yk*~dKvfa&;t&/ ar#mfvifhp&mvJ bmrSr&Sdbl;? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
wdik ;f jynfuckd spw f ,f? wdik ;f jynftwGu/f touf/ b0/ pnf;pdr/f cifyeG ;f vife@J om;awGukd
pGe@f vw $ cf w hJ ,f? ol@rmS ud, k pf rG ;f &So
d r#/ O%fprG ;f &So
d r#/ owW/d AswdW ESpyf g;vH;k eJ@ wdik ;f jynftwGuf
aqmif&u G af ew,f? 'ga=umifh ppftpd;k &u ol@ukd axmifcsxm;w,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
rav#mb h ;l ? vufrajrmS uf/ 'l;raxmuf bl;? 'Dvdk owW/d Asw/dW 'Dvkd pGe@f vw $ /f pGe@f pm;r_awGa=umif/h
usaemfwdk@u a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk cspf=u wm jzpfw,f? 'Dvdk usaemfem;vnf
,H=k unfygw,f? wcsKd @vil ,fawGu qd&k if/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf twGu/f toufpeG @f &ygap?
pGe@f r,fv@kd toih&f =dS uw,f? 'Davmufxd cspf =unf!kd =uygw,f?
'Dtcsufudk aumufcsufqGJ=u!fh&if/ usaemfwdk@u a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk
cspw f m[m/ wdik ;f jynfukd cspv f @kd yjJ zpfygw,f? a':pku wdik ;f jynftwGu/f touft;kd tdrf
pnf;pdrt f m;vH;k udk pGe@f c+hJ y?D 'g[m v,fjyifrmS qifomG ;wmxuf/ xif&mS ;w,f? usaemfw@kd [m
wkid ;f jynfukd csp&f if/ a':pkukd csp&f rSmyJ? a':pkukd cspw f m[m wdik ;f jynfukd cspw f meJ@twlwyl ?J
a':pke@J wdik ;f jynfukd cG+J yD;/ rpOf;pm;oifh aybl;? cGpJ Of;pm;wm[m/ “rvdw k rm tajz” udk
xGuaf pEdik yf gw,f? &d;k om;wJh &nf &G,cf suef @J “a':pkuckd spzf @kd xuf/ wdik ;f jynfukd cspzf @kd vw kd ,f”
vdk@ ajymvdkufrdwm[m/ a':pkudk cspfzdk@rvdkbl;vdk@” wvGJ t"dy`g,f jzpfay:apygw,f?
wdik ;f jynftwGuf vkyaf ewmud;k ?
wdkif;jynfudk cspfvdk@/ a':pkudkcspfwmyJqdkwm/ ArmjynfolawG&J@ opPmw&m;/
trSew f &m;yg? a':pkukd cspw f t hJ wGu/f a':pkukd axmufcH 0dik ;f 0ef;=uw,f? usaemfw@kd pma&;q&m
tp&Sw d /hJ tEkynm&Siaf wGtm;vH;k vJ/ a':pke@J twl &yfwnf=uw,f? 'Dvkd a':pk bufu
&yfwnfaxmufc/H 0dik ;f &H=uwmyJ jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh wdik ;f jynfukd cspo f avmuf/ a':pkukd
cspf = uwmyJ ? 'gud k em;vnf & r,f ? cH , l & r,f ? 'D v d k & S i f ; jyaep&m rvd k a tmif /
em;vnfxm;oifhw,f? 'DacwfrSm “rsufuef; rsdK;cspf” “yk*~dKvf udk;uG,f a&;orm;”
tvGe&f mS ;ygvrd rhf ,f? tcGit hf a&;orm;yJ&w dS ,f? 'ga=umif-h --
“wdik ;f jynfuckd spyf g?”
“wdik ;f jynfuckd sp&f if a':pkuckd spyf g?”
“wdik ;f jynftwGuf touft;kd tdr/f
pnf;pdrOf pPm tm;vH;k / pGe@f vw $ &f +J yD;
owW/d AswdW ESpzf ufv;kH jy!fph w kH h J
a':pkukd cspyf g? 'g[m wdik ;f jynfuckd spw f mygy?J ”
usaemfwdk@wawG/ EdkifiHa&;pum;ajym&if/ teuft"dy`g,f ESpfcG jzpfapwmrsdK;
qifjcif=uygp@kd ?
armifprG ;f &nf
Luminary Magazine Volume 4, No. 4 2010/ azazmf0g&D/ 24? 29
29
“olao udk,f&iS f wdkufyGJ0if” &Jh
pum;vHk; ocifodk h
oHcJ
olaoud, k &f iS f wdu
k yf 0JG if ?
usaemfb h 0rSm 'Dpum;vH;k yxrqH;k pajymwmu
q&m}uD; OD;wifr;kd (q&m*sr;f )?
ajymwJah e&mu q&momrn ac: udck ifarmifp;kd . csi;f rdik f
aerma[rif/ q&m*srf;tac: a[rmae0if; vrf;&Jh
wduk cf ef;rSm? tcsed u f 2006 ckEpS x f u J ae@wae@&hJ nae 7;30/ 8;00em&Davmufjzpfrnf?xdak e@u
q&mtm; rJaqmufrS csi;f rdik o f @kd usaemf jyefac:vmonfh ae@? 'g[m q&mhtwGuf rJaqmuf
aemufq;kH c&D;pOfvjJ zpfonf?
'DAbDG &D ;kH od@k q&mhukd wDArDG w S wf rf;&du
k +f yD; tjyef? tifwmAsL;wJh ta=umif;uvnf;
q&m. axmifwiG ;f tawG@t}uKH rsm;? q&majymcsiw f m pdwv f w G vf ufvw
G f ajymEdik &f ef {nfch ef;
pufwaD y:wGif oufaomifo h ufomxdik &f if; 'DAb DG D wDA0DG ikd ;f awmfom;awGu &du k uf ;l ay;cJ=h uonf?
q&mu aq;vd y f u d k z G m &if ; at;at;aq;aq; ajymvd k u f / c%em;vd k u f / owd & wJ h
ta=umif;awGukd jyefajymvdu k ef @J ? usaemfuawmh wDAGD uifr&mjrifuiG ;f xJra&mufwhJ ab;
wae&mrSm xdik &f if; q&mhpum;awGukd em;axmifum q&mESit hf wl q&mhb0Zmwfa=umif;xJ
arsm0ifcpH m;aeonf?
wDAt D ifwmAsL;csed f wem&Dausmaf vmuf=umcJo h nf? xd@k aemuf &Jabmfarmifw;l u
txJu ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwa,mufe@J pum;ajymzd@k w,fvzD ek ;f csw d af y;awmh q&mu
0rf;yef;wom txJukd ESKwfceG ;f qufonf? q&mu usaemfu h ykd g xdak usmif;om;acgi;f aqmifEiS hf
pum;ajymcdik ;f onf? ESKwfqufonfh oabmygb?J 'DAb DG 0D ikd ;f awmfom;rsm;u usaemfw@kd ukd
xrif;pm;&efajymaomfvnf; q&mu rqmao;? usaemfu h kd q&momrntcef;oGm;pd@k [ak jymI
q&mhukd qdik u f ,faemufu ac:vmcJo h nf? 'DAb GD &D ;kH &S&d m oHa0*[k trnfay;xm;onfh ae&mrS
usHK;bufxGufjyD; rE Wav;tvGrf;ajy usHK;ab; twGif;ywfvrf;twdkif; ajz;ajz; armif;ydk@
ay;cJo
h nf? usaemfw@kd . q&mum; vG,t f wd w f vH;k ESihf qdik u f ,faemufr?S
'DvdkeJ@ q&momrn tcef;odk@ usaemfwdk@ESpfa,muf a&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
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q&momrnu a&cJaowWmxJrS a&at;Al;xkwfay;awmh usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufom;
w*Gw*f w G jf zifh aomufvu kd =f uwm ukeo f avmufe;D yg; jzpfomG ;awmh?
“[if; h h ah omufv@kd aumif;vdu k w f m”[k q&muajym&if; =urf;jyifay:&Sd aemufrDS
zHak v;ay: ol@cEQmud, k }f uD;udk rS&D if; vufwzufu vG,t f wd xf u
J aq;vdyAf ;l udk ESKd ufonf?
xd@k aemuf xH;k pHtwdik ;f rmvfb&kd v kd u kd f tjzLa&mif pD;u&ufav;udk rufrufarmarm &SKd uf&if;
tarmajzae&Smonf?
usaemf E S i f h q&momrnuawmh a&muf w wf & m&m u&G w f u if ; av#muf
pum;ajymae=u&if; aemufq;kH awmh Edik if aH &;tajctaea&mufomG ;onf? 'Dy, J if;/ vrf;jyajryHk
7 csu/f trsKd ;om;nDvmcH/ ,aeh pDymG ;a&;/ ynma&; pojzifh bm&,fv@kd r[kw?f
tJ'rD mS usaemfw@kd &q hJ &m q&m*sr;f ac: q&mwifr;kd u aq;vdyu f kd jymcGux f x
J nh&f if;
“a[haumif &JabmfocH ”J ?
q&mu usaemfu h kd wcgw&H &JabmfocH /J wcgwav armifocH /J wcgwcgrmS awmh
AdkvfoHcJ[k }uHKovdkac:onf? odk@aomf &JabmfoHcJqdkwmuawmh av;av;eufeuf
ac:wwf o nf u d k &if ; ES D ; aeonf h t wG u f owd x m;rd o nf ? usaemf w d k @ vd k vl i ,f r sm;
&Jabmf&b J ufvkd oabmxm;onfh q&m. twGi;f pdwu f kd jyonf[k usaemfu ,lqonf?
usaemfomr[kwf tjcm; usaemfw@kd vkd ol@ wlom;aemift&G,f tm;vH;k udv k nf; wcgwav
&Jabmfukd emrnfa&S@uwyf ac:wwfao;onf? vlrsm;ESihf 0dik ;f zG@J pum;ajymonft h cgrsm;wGif
&Jabmfw@kd [k cspcf if&if;ES;D pGmvnf; oH;k avh&o dS nf?
Adkvf udk emrnfa&S@u wyfac:wmuawmh pcsifaemufcsifwmygovdk cspfpEdk;jzifh
ac: jcif;jzpfygvrd rhf nf? usaemfu rvkyyf ge@J ? 'DAv kd }f u;D wyfwyf rac:yge@J / &Suv f eG ;f vd@k yg? usaemfw@kd
ausmif;om;wyfrawmfrmS Adv k rf &Syd gb;l ? &Jabmfy&J ydS gw,fq&m&,fv@kd cyfaomaomuav;
jyefajymjzpfczhJ ;l onf? tJ'v D ukd sawmh q&mu w[J[J eJ@?
“ 'DrmS 'DrmS &JabmfocH ”J q&mu ud, k u f akd &S@enf;enf;wd;k &if; “rif; tdpk rmbifukd
odvm;uG”
“[m h h h q&muvJ odwmayghAs? bmjzpfvdk@wkef;”qdkjyD; usaemfu ajym&if;
q&marmifomrnESit hf wl q&m bmajymrvJqw kd m odcsiw f meJah &m aysmaf ysmaf ewwfovdk
usaemfw@kd vkd &if;ES;D aewJo h al wGukd pawmhaemufawmhr,hf tcsed rf mS &Sw d hJ q&mh&hJ r+yHK;w+yHK;/
rcsKd rcsif csppf &mrsuEf mS vjynf0h ef;}uD;udk vSr;f =unfah eygonf?
“at; tdkprmbifvdk rif;wdk@qDrSm vufeufawGr&Sdbl;vm;” q&mu +yHK;ovdkrS
cyfwnfwnfjzifh usaemfu h kd =unf&h if;ar;ygawmhonf?
“ [m h h h q&muvJ usaemfw@kd qu D vufeufawGe@J tdpk rmbif&v hJ ufeufe@J
31
EdKS if;p&mAsm”
usaemft h ajzudk q&mrapmifyh g?
“'DaumifawGu pum;ajymvd@k r&bl;uG? vlpum;rodwhJ taveawmaumifawG?
'DaumifawG&adS eor# tm;vH;k udk 'kuaQ y;rJah umifawG? 'ga=umifh &JabmfocH w J @kd 'DaumifawGukd
rpf&iS w f ckz@JG +yD; olao/ ud, k af =uwdu k &f rSmuG”[k q&muajymygonf?
“q&muawmh vky+f yDAsm? rpf&iS zf @JG r,f? tJ'rD pf&iS ef mrnf q&may;Asm”vd@k usaemfu
jyefaemuf&if; q&mudak jymaewke;f rSm
“a[h -- a[h--? aetHk;uG? rif;wdk@awmh aovdk@rjzpfzl;? a=uzdk@vJ rvdkbl;?
&Sizf @kd vw kd ,f? 'ga=umifh 'D rpf&iS u f kd olao/ud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG ifv@kd emrnfay;uGm”q&mu
ajymvJjyD;a&m uJb,fvv kd q
J wkd o hJ abmeJ@ usaemfu h kd =unfyh gonf? aemufjyD; olaoud, k &f iS f
wdu k yf 0JG if? olaoud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG if qdjk y;D wa,mufwnf; &Gwjf yaeygao;onf? tJ'g tifrwef
+idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;eJ@ wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;omru vlom;tm;vHk;udk cspfaom jynfol@pmqdk/
uAsmq&m}uD;. &ifwiG ;f rS xGuv f maom emusicf cH uf cHpm;&rSKrsm;. a&mifjyef[yfrKS [kyif
qdck sio f nf?
usaemhfrSm q&mh&Jh'Dpum;vHk;udk em;xJomru toJxJxd pGJoGm;cJhonf? q&m
r&SdwJhaemuf q&mhudk trSwfw&ajym=uonfh0dkif;rsm;wGif 'D olao/udk,f&Sif wdkufyGJ0if
qdkwJhpum;udk azmufonfcsrdygawmhonf?xdknaeu q&m*srf;ESifh q&momrnwdk@
tjcm;ta=umif;t&mrsm;/ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm; ajymae=uaomfvnf; usaemfrSm
r=um;wcsuf =um;wcsu/f / aq;vdyzf mG &if; ab;rS em;axmifaecJyh gonf?
'DvdkeJ@ a'gufwmatmifausmfOD;/ usaemfwdk@tac: udkOD;/ uAsmeJ@ oHcsyfa&;awmh
jrwfxuf/ rD', D m tifwmAsL;orm;awGac:awmh q&mjrwfxuf usaemfw h @kd bufvmvnfonfh
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cJhonfhw&uf? usaemfhtdrf bk&m;pifa&S@rSm olvdkuftdyfonf? ESpfa,mufom; pum;
qufajym=u&if; q&m*sr;f / q&mpGr;f / q&mOD;0if;azwd@k ta=umif;a&mufomG ;onf?
“rif; uHaumif;w,fuGm? 'Dvdkq&mawGeJ@ twlc&D;oGm;cGifh/ olwdk@udk jyKpkcGifh/
ol w d k @ pum;awG u d k em;axmif c G i f h & wm t&rf ; uH a umif ; w,f ” vl u 0 ojzif h
pGyu f s,*f sKd if;jywftjzLav;ay:u uonf;wbufyg;av;udu k ikd ;f &if; ezl;u ac|;udk okw&f if;eJ@?
q&mwifr;kd udk wrf;w&if; +iD;ajymav; ajymvdu k o f nf?
tJ'rD mS usaemfu ol@tm; 'Dae@usaemfw@kd Eikd if &H hJ tkycf sKyfoal wGu rw&m;rif;rlaeyH/k
q&mcspfaom a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG axmifusaewm
rcHr&yfEdkifyHk/ pkwfjywfiwfrGwfaewJh jynfolawGb0udk r=unfhpdrfhEdkifyHkawGa=umifh &ifxJu
32
a0'emawG tefvw $ &f if; “olao/ud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG if”qdw k hJ pum;ta=umif; a&mufomG ;
ygawmhonf?
oHcsyaf &;q&m jrwfxuf? 1988 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyw kH iG f rE aW v; bk&m;}u;D wdu k f
u *VKefeD oydwfwyfzGJ@ acgif;aqmifwOD;/ q&m0ef? 1988 ppfwyftm%modrf;jyD;awmh
tdE, dN jrefrme,fpyfpcef;od@k ueOD;a&muf&cdS w hJ hJ ol/ pcef;wnfaxmifoal wGxu J wa,muf?
usaemfe@J u 10ESpef ;D yg; wpcef;xJ? wa'oxJ? twlwuG awmfveS af &;c&D; jzwfc=hJ uolawG/
'Dae@xv d nf; wm0efu, kd pf eD @J wzG@J wnf; wrd;k wnf;atmufrmS use&f adS e=uwke;f ? 'gayrJh olu
ESppf Of o}uFeaf &muf&if oHcsyaf &;wm ol@tvky?f [mo"gwcf v H &J dS uAsmvJa&;wJo h ql akd wmh
pum;vH;k awGo;kH wJah e&m xdonf? Edik if aH &;orm;wOD;vJjzpfaeawmh tajctaeudk +cHKiH+k yD;
uGuu f u G uf iG ;f uGi;f xdxrd rd ed @J azmfxw k jf yonf? oa&mfonfah e&mrSmvnf; yDjyifonf? 'ga=umifh
ol@oHcsyfawGu jynfwGif;/ jynfyESpfckpvHk;rSm ayguf onf? vl}udKufrsm;onf? odk@aomf
ppftpd;k &awmh tifrwefa=umufonf?
'DvdkeJ@ ESpfpOf oHcsyf&moDa&mufwdkif; aemufxyf tvkyfrsm;oluawmh pDpOfol
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avh&Sdonf? 'gonfvnf; rpÇdra'obufu pkpnf;rSKwck[k qdk&rnf?wdkifoluwdkif
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vufwaJG zmf rde;f rawmif orD; vom;uav; Ed@k wu kd &f if; jrefrmoH trsKd ;orD;tqdrk &Sv d @kd
oDcsi;f wyk'f 0ifEcJ$ =hJ uao;onf? vlwikd ;f oHcsyaf &pufEiS hf ruif;wmudk ajymcsiw f myg?
tckawmhusaemfwdk@tm;vHk;cspfaom uAsmq&m}uD; OD;wifrdk;/ q&m*srf;vnf;
uG,fvGefcJhygjyD? ol@udk rarhEdkifyg? b,fawmhrSvnf; arhEdkifvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg?odk@aomf
oHcsyaf &;q&m jrwfxufrmS olaoud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG if 2010 oHcsyu f akd &;&if; OD;aESmufaoG;a=um
ayguo f mG ;cJ/h avjzwfomG ;cJo h nf? pDpOfol ausmufraJ usm}f u;D (udak usm}f u;D )u use&f adS ewJt h ydik ;f
awGudk vufvSrf;rSD&m rdwfaqGawG&Jh tultnD,l&if; olaoudk,f&Sif wdkufyGJ0if oHcsyfudk
tjy;D owfco hJ nf?
'DvdkeJ@ oHcsyfq&m jrwfxuf (udkOD;) 2 vausmf/ 3 veD;yg; twGif;vlemtjzpf
tifzm;aq;&Hk wufc&hJ onf? pum;ajymEdik +f yDqI kd ol. olaoud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG if oHcsyu f kd
tifwmeufu (29 rwf 2010)&&csi;f zke;f qufro d nf? ol@om; tr$myl;xJu ti,faumif
33
zke;f udik yf gonf?
“ OD;oHcJyg? om; azazeJ@ pum;ajymrvdk@/ ac:ay;yg”qdkawmh udkOD;eJ@pum;
ajymcGi&hf onf?
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usef;rma&;tajctae/ rdom;pk pwJh axG&mav;yg;ajym=uonf? taumif;yuwd
rjzpfao;aomfvnf; yDyo D o ajymEdik o f nf? pum;awmhajymEdik jf yD ajc/ vuf aumif;aumif;
v_yrf &vd@k avhusichf ef;vkyaf e&onf?
usaemfu “ udOk ;D usaemftck oHcsyaf cgi;f pOf olaoud, k &f iS w
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kd yf 0JG if qdw
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awmf=um ae@a&$@/ na&$@ zifav;ae&if bmrS vkyjf zpfawmhrmS r[kwaf wmhb;l qd+k yD; csucf si;f
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[kwyf gonf?
usaemfw@kd wawG b0awGukd jirf;cif;tjzpf oabmxm;&if; “ olao ud, k af =u”
wduk yf 0JG ifc=hJ uonf? 'gayrJh olvJ raoao;ygb;l ? usaemfw@kd vJ ra=uao;ygb;l ? &Siv f suyf gb?J
olao/ ud, k &f iS jf zpfz@kd wduk yf 0JG ifqq J w kd m q&m*sr;f odapcsiyf gonf?
aemuf+yD;
tckvdk 2010qdkwJh EdkifiHa&;umv}uD;rSm q&may;rJh rpf&Sif&Jh emrnfudk usaemf
Om%frSDoavmuf pdwful;eJ@ pum;vHk;awGudk &Gwfatmf=unfhygonf? q&musaemfhtm;
ajymjycJah om “olao/ ud, k &f iS f wdu k yf 0JG if” qdwk hJ pum;vH;k udk r,SOo f myga=umif; &d;k om;pGm
0HccH siyf gonf?
olaoud, k &f iS w f u kd yf JG wJv
h m;q&m?
pum;vH;k ocif q&m&Siu f m; uG,v f eG cf +hJ yD?
pum;vH;k udk toH;k jyKaom oHcsyq f &m jrwfxufum; evefxp &ke;f uef wdu k yf JG
0ifqJjzpfonf?wdkifw,f tajymcH pma&;ol usaemf &JabmfoHcJum; &SifvsufESifh raus/
raoatmif }udK;pm; wdu k yf 0JG ifae&ygonf?
oH c J
2010 ckEpS f rwfv 30 &uf
34
axmufcH=u/ 0ef;&H=u/ vufwGJ=u
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'Duae@acwfumv[m jrefrmEdik if eH @J jrefrmjynfov l x l k w&yfv;kH twGuf ta&;}uD;
wJu h mvjzpfw,f? trSm;rcHEikd w f hJ tajctaejzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh tawG;rrSm;=uzd@k tvkyrf rSm;
oGm;=uzd@k vykd gw,f? trSew f &m;jzpfpOfawGrmS &yfc+H yD; qH;k jzwf=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? rdrt d usKd ;pD;yGg;
wckwnf;ay:rSm rsupf pd rkH w dS +f yD; rdrt d wWe@J rdr&d yfwnfaer_awGukd jyefvnfqifjcifo;kH oyf=uzd@k
vdyk g+yD? bma=umif'h u D mv[m ta&;}uD;qH;k vJ?
jrefrmjynfrmS ppfwyfvw l ef;pm;w&yf ajAmifay:ay:xifxif pwif&yfwnfvmcJ@wm
ESpaf ygi;f (50) ausm+f yv D @kd q&kd if rSm;r,frxif? 'Dvw l ef;pm;ay:vmwm/ 'Dvw l ef;pm;w&yf ay:vm
atmif arG;jrLwGe;f wifc=hJ uwmawG[m ordik ;f rSm txift&Sm;&Syd gw,f? 'Dvw l ef;pm;udk &yfc+H y;D
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tygt0if pnf;pdrOf pPm wefc;kd tm%mudck spw f myg? jynfou l ckd spwf mr[kw?f olw@kd aqGrsKd ;todik ;f
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tm%mrufol vufeuftm;ud;k eJ@ rdu k &f ikd ;f csio
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vGwfvyf+yD;acwfordkif;udk aumufcsufcs ordkif;pmrsufESma&;&if wa=umifwnf;eJ@
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35
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atmifenf;aygi;f pHek @J vkycf @J =uw,f? 'Duae@vnf; 'Dtwdik ;f jzpfaeqJ?
wurBmB vH;k =um;aumif;atmif 1990 ckEpS rf mS a&G;aumufyv JG yk af y;w,f? jynfoal wG
zufu&Si;f onf? jywfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd w&m;0if
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aqmif&u G &f rSmjzpfw,f? 2008 ckEpS f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. &yfwnfcsuu f kd xkwjf yef
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ppfacG;uwufu tkypf w k csKd @ tljrL;=uw,f? tvH;k pHak om jrefrmtaygi;f u Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifygwD
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36
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tpuwnf;u rw&m;aom Oya'trsdK;rsdK;udk xkwfjyefI tkyfcsKyfaeonfqdkygu
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qdkv#if zsufp&mrvdkay? Oyrm-(tar&duefEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;yHktajccH Oya'onf 1791
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Oya'udk csdK;azmuf&ygovJqdkonfudkawmh avhvmoifhayonf? ,ae@ hurBm}uD;wGif
vlom;tm;vH;k wef;wlnw D l jzpfa&;/ vl@tcGit hf a&; jynf0h pGm&Sad &;/ w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/
ponfjzifah =uG;a=umfI urBmo h nf &Gm}uD;qdak om globalization acwf}uD; [lI owfrw S f
ajymqdv k #u&f adS yonf?
37
od k h & mwG i f urB m ay:&S d ppf a cgif ; aqmif tk y f p k u vuf r cH = uay? tqd k y g
ppfacgi;f aqmifw@dk onf rdrw d kd .
h wdik ;f jynftoD;oD;wGif rdrw d @kd omv#if wwfonf/ odonf[k
cH,=l uayonf? rdrw d @kd ukd qef@usio f rl sm;udk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif ESyd pf uf!iS ;f yef; owfjzwfvsuf
&Sad vonf? xd@k a=umifh tqdyk g ppfacgi;f aqmifw@kd ukd vlw@kd . tjyKtrlEiS hf oufqikd af om
oabmw&m; t& avhvm=u&ayrnf?
ppfacgi;f aqmifwkd h taejzifh ppftm%m&Sipf ESpu f kd xlaxmif&mwGif 4if;wd@k .
aexdik q f ufqrH E_ iS hf tjcm;'Dru kd a&pD vdv k m;olrsm;ESihf uGmjcm;r_/ 4if;wd@k . tay;oabm
rsKd ;r[kwyf J ay;oa&mife@J ud, k t hf usKd ;om tav;xm;qufqrH _ Oya'rsm;udv k nf; Oya'ESithf nD
jyXmef ; r_ r &S d y J / vd k & mqG J jyKvk y f j yXmef ; r_ / Oya'u rnf o d k h y if qd k a pumrl
vdk&mqGJ udk,fusdK;umuG,fr_ rsm;a=umifh jrefrmEdkifiH. ESpfaygif; 50 eD;yg;&Sdawmhrnfh
ppftm%m&Sifpepfonf cdkif+rJvsuf &Sdayonf? xdk ha=umifh ESpfaygif; 50 eD;yg&Sd+yDjzpfaom
ppftm%m&Siw f @kd ukd avhvm&ef/ 4if;wdk . h cH,cl suf pnf;&H;k vHa_ qmf 0g'jzef rh /_ aqmif&u G f
csuf / bmoma&; cH , l c suf / pmayta&;tom; ,Of a us;r_ / Ed k i f i H a &;cH , l c suf r sm;/
wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;tay: xm;&SdqufqHaom oabmw&m;rsm;udk xkwfaz:ajymqdkzdk@
vdt k yfayonf?
pepfwckudk avhvmrnfqdkygu 4if;pepfudk OD;aqmifaeaom acgif;aqmifudk
pwifavhvm&ayrnf? xdk ah =umifh ol. tjyKtrlukd avhvmrnfqykd gu/ ol.cE<mud, k Ef iS hf
OD;aESmuf&Sd vdktyfcsufrsm; tajctaeESifh todOm%frsm;udk aygif;pyfxm;aom ol.
Oy"d&kyf (PERSONALITY) ESifh ywf0ef;usifwdk h xdawG@&mrS ay:aygufvmonf[k qdk&ay
rnf? yHpk x H wk I f jy&v#if ( P+R+S]B )
P-Personality-Oy"d&yk (f todOm%fštajctae)
R-Response-wkef jh yefr_
S-Situtation-tajctae
B-Behaviour-tjyKtrl
Oy"d&yk šf wkef jh yefrš_ tajctae] tjyKtrl
[lI jzpfavonf?
todOm%fESifh tajctae aygif;pyfxm;aom Oy"d&kyfudk pwif&Sif;jy&v#if
vuf&Sdppfacgif;aqmifwkd@onf ppfwyf. oabmw&m;t& &mxl;t}uD;qHk;olonf
tm%mt&SdqHk; jzpfavonf? tqdkyg tm%mt&SdqHk;olyif t}uD;tuJ jzpfonf?
t}uD;tuJonf Om%fynm xufjrufjcif;/ Om%fynm }uD;rm;jcif;&Sd&ef rvdkay?
todOm%f ynm enf;yg;aomolonf tajctaet&/ ......tajctae qdkonfrSm
38
ppfwyf. oabmw&m;t& tjrifq h ;kH &mxl;&S&d efom vdak yonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdik if . H
ppfacgi;f aqmifwkd . h Oy"d&yk u f kd az: jy&v#i-f
todOm%f š tajctae ] Oy"d&yk f
(todOm%fr&S(d odk )h enf;) (&mxl; tjrifq h ;kH ) (qd;k oGr;f (odk )h =urf;wrf;)
[kaz: jy&ayrnf?
tajctaeESifh todOm%f aygif;pyfxm;aom Oy"d&kyf(qdk;aom) &Sdolwdk@. wkef@
jyefr_(respone) udk jyefvnfavhvmrnfqdkygu/ +yD;cJhaom a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;
(odk )h oHCmhta&;tcif;udk avhvmv#if awG Eh ikd af yonf? jrefrmEdik if o H nf urBmay:wGif
ax&0g& Ak'b < momud;k uG,o f l &mcdik Ef e_ ;f ud;k q,fausm&f o dS nfh Edik if w H ckjzpfonf? 4if;tjyif
jynf w G i f ; / jynf y wG i f ax&0g' Ak ' < b momud k OD ; aqmif a eaom Ed k i f i H v nf ;
jzpfonf? 4if;Edik if w H iG f vufeufryg arwWmydk ah eaom oHCmrsm;udk &dik ;f pdik ;f aom vl&ikd ;f
rsm;u/ wkwfrsm;jzifh&dkuf aoewfrsm;jzifh ypfcwf zrf;qD;jcif;u oufaojzpfayonf?
bma=umifh xdu k ohJ kd jh zpf&oenf; qdak omf ------
todOm%f enf;onfh olu &mxl;t}uD;qHk; tm%m&Sdaomtcg/ tqdkyg
&mxl;}uD;olu ynmwwfaomfvnf; qifjcifwHkw&m;r&Sdolrsm;/ udk,fusdK;udkom=unfh
wwfaom twWorm;rsm;/ a&omcdk tacsmifvdkufolrsm;/ ynmrJhrsm;udk pnf;&Hk;+yD;
tajctaewck ay:ayguf a omtcg ol . &d k i f ; jyaom wk e @f j yef r _ (Respone)ud k
aqmif&Gufavawmhonf? ol.&dkif;jyaom wkef hjyefr_a=umifh/ oHCmh ta&;tcif;tajc
tae ( situation )wGio f C H mawmfrsm; aexdik &f m bke;f }uD;ausmif;rsm;udk tEk=urf;pD;jcif;/
oHCmhawmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;rsm; jyKvkyaf vawmhonf? xd@k a=umifh ol. Oy"d&yk f š
wk e f h j yef r _ š tajctae wd k h a =umif h ol . tjyKtrl ( behaviour ) onf
qd k ; aom/ =urf ; aom/ ,k w f r m&d k i f ; pd k i f ; aom tjyKtrl t jzpf ay:ayguf v mavonf ?
vlonf tajctae ESiahf wG o h nft h cg ol. todOm%f tay: tajccHaom Zmwd&yk f
ay:vm+yD ; ay:vmonf h t wd k i f ; jyKrl a vonf ? xd k t od w &m;ay: rS D I tjyKtrl
ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfonf? Oy"d&kyfESifh ywfouf+yD;aemuf wckrSwf&efrSm ol.pdwful;
jzpfonf? tjrifhqHk; tajctaewGif &Sdaeaom ynmOm%f enf;yg;olonf/ avmb/
a'go/ arm[ wd@k ydrk jkd yif;xefavonf? qifjcifww kH &m; r&Sad y? xdk ah =umifh 4if;.
tawG@t}uHKt& rSm;/ rSef a0zefyikd ;f jcm;Edik jf cif;r&Syd J jyKrl vkyu f ikd Ef ikd af yonf?
raumif;jcif;/ aumif;jcif;udk odjcif;onf tawG ht}uHK t&om cGJjcm;Edkifonf?
raumif;aom tawG t h }uHKrsm;udk aumif;onf[k vufcv H su&f o dS u
l kd a0zef t}uHjyKI
r&Edik af y? xd@k a=umifyh if vGecf ahJ omESprf sm;pGmu urBm@ae&ma'o toD;oD;wGif vlrsKd ;pk
39
ynmOm%f enf;yg;olonf/
avmb/ a'go/ arm[ wd@k ydrk jkd yifxefavonf?
qifjcifwwkH &m; r&Sad y?
xdk ah =umifh 4if;.
tawG@t}uHKt& rSm;/ rSef a0zefyikd ;f jcm;Edik jf cif;r&Syd J jyKrl vkyuf ikd Ef ikd af yonf?
acgif;aqmifrsm; EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;onf bk&ifrsm;jzpfcJh+yD; 4if;wdk h. E_wfrSxGufaom
pum;vH;k trdef rh sm; jzpfco hJ nf? xdt k rdef rh sm;u jynforl sm;vdu k ef m&ef Oya'rsm;
jzpfvmonf? xdkbk&ifrsm; r[kwfrrSefwm vkyfv#ifvnf; bkef;awmfa=umifh oifhjrwfvS
a=umif;yg bk&m; [kom rif;vdkvdkuf rif;}udKufaqmifcJhaom txufzm; atmufzd
todOm%frhJ tpd;k &0efxrf; }uD;/ i,frsm; &Scd o hJ nf?
,ae jh refrmEdik if w H iG v
f nf; xdek nf;twdik ;f yif todOm%f enf;olw@kd u tjrifq h ;kH &mxl;Y
&Sad e+yD;/ ynmwwfaomfvnf;/ ud, k u f sd K;&Smorm;rsm;. rif;vdv k ukd f rif;}udKufaqmifra_ =umifh
Oya'rsm;rSm wbufapmif;eif;jzpfv#uf &So d nf? zGJ ph nf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccH Oya'udv k nf;
urBmay:wGif rnfonfEh ikd if w H iG rf S r&So d nfh 'Dru kd a&pDrsKd ;udk tajccH um a&;qGx J m;avonf?
wu,fawmh Oya'qdkonfrSm vlr_qufqHa&; tajctaersm;udk jyefvnf
xif[wfaponfh b0&J@ a=u;rHkjyif jzpfonf[k urBmhOya' ynm&Sifrsm;u t"dy`g,f
zGichf ahJ vonf? ( THE LAW IS A MIRROR OF LIFE A REFLECTION OF SOCIAL
RELATIONSHIP ) aemufwrsKd ;u Ekid x hf ufp;D eif;jyKjcif;onf Oya'r[kwf (FORCE IS NOT
A LAW)[kvnf;qdck =hJ uavonf?
urBmay: &Sd Oya'rsm;u b,fvdkyifqdkqdk b,fvdkyifaumif;aumif; jrefrmEdkifiH
. ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;u a&S;,cifu bk&ifrsm;enf;wl jynfolrsm;tay: oufOD;qHydkif
pepf toGit f yk cf sKyfI &Edik &f ef Oya'jyKvsuf &Sad vonf? urBmah e&m toD;oD;wGif tqdyk g
oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifrsm;udk awmfvSefcJh+yD;jzpfavonf? tenf;i,fr#om usefawmhaom
bk&ifrsm;rSmvnf; trnfcH om&Sad wmhonf? bmtm%mrSr&Sad y?
4if;bk&ifrsm;udk tajccHaom ppftm%m&Sif Adv k cf sKyrf sm; urBmay:wGif Edik if t
H enf;i,f
Y useaf eao;onf? 4if;usef tenf;i,fxrJ S wEdik if o H nf jrefrmEdik if yH ifjzpfonf?
bk&ifpepf urBmay:rS aysmufuG,foGm;atmif awmfvSefEdkifcJhovdk/ ppftm
%m&Siw f kd u
h vkd nf; u|Eyfk w f kd h wdik &f if;om; nDtudak rmifErS rsm; 0dik ;f I awmfveS f atmifycJG H
=uygpkd [ h k wdu k w f eG ;f vdu
k &f ayonf? armifarmif
(w&m;&H;k csKyf a&S ah e)
40
ord k i f ; vS a pzd k h
t,f(vf)El;&m
L.Noora
2010 xda&mufvmcJhwJh urBm=uD;rSm at;onfvnf; &dScJhovdk ylonfvnf;
&SdcJhonf? tiftm;=uD;EdkifiHrsm;&Sdovdk udk,fhwdkif;jynfudk rumuG,fEdkifwJh EdkifiHawGvnf;
&Sdygonf? 2010 a&mufvmjyDjzpfwJh urBm=uD;[m tajymif;tvJ trsdK;rsdK;jzpfjyD;
wdkif;jynf rsm;[mvnf; tajymif;vJrsdK;pkH jzpf ay:vsuf&Sdygw,f? trSefawmhurBm}uD;
ajymif;vJvmwmr[kwfygbl; urBm}uD;uawmh ol@0if&dk;ay:rSm olykHrSefvnf ywfaejcif;
jzpfygw,f?
wdkif;jynftoD;oD; vltoD;oD;uom ajymif;vJae=uayrJh rajymif;vJEkdifwm
uawmh usrwdk@jrefrmjynfyg? txl;ojzifh ppftm%m&Sifrsm;uom jyKjyifzefwD;ae
=uwJh (2010) a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;yg? ppftm%m&Sifrsm;[mvnf; vlom;xJu vlwpf
a,mufyg? awG;ac: }uHqr_awGay: rlwnfIom uGJjym;ajymif;vJoGm;=uayrJh udk,fh
wdkif;jynftwGuf tepfemcH ay;qyf=uwJh acgif;aqmifxJrSmawmh OD;oef;a&$eJ@ vlwpfpk
ryg ygbl;? udk,fusdK;twGufom=unfh+yD; wdkif;jynfudkzsufqD;ae=uwJh olawGbJjzpf
ygw,f?
acgif;aqmifqdkwm tzGJ@tpnf;wck&J@ t"duta&;ygwJhol jzpfygw,f? tz@GJ
wckvkH;&J@ aumif;udsK;qdk;udsK;rSefor# tm;vkH;[m acgif;aqmifay:rSm rlwnfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m vlaoayrJh emrnfraobJ ,ae@xdwdkifatmif jrefrmjynfol
awG&@J ESv;Hk om;xJrmS &Sio f efaeqJ jzpfwahJ cgi;f aqmifaumif;jzpfygw,f? OD;ae0if;vdk
aowmawmif jynfoal wGrodvu kd w
f hJ acgi;f aqmifv&J ydS gw,f?
urB m }uD ; &J @ aumif ; usd K ;qd k ; usd K ;awG rS e f o r#ud k vl a wG u omzef w D ;
vkyaf qmifae=uovdk ,ae@jrefrmjynf&@J aumif;usLd ;qd;k usLd ;udak wmh ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u
jyKvyk zf efw;D ae=uygw,f? ,ae@ usrwd@k [mvnf; vnfywfaewJu h rBm}u;D xJrmS rsm;pGmaom
udpP&yfawGudk rvkyfEdkifayrJh jrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;twGuf vkyfaqmifae=uwJh
vlxak wG=um;xJrmS acgi;f aqmifwpfa,mufvkd ryg0ifayrJOh ;D aqmifae=uwJah cgi;f aqmifawG
&J@ aemufvu kd af umif;taeeJ@ yg0ifae=u ygw,f?
1962 ckEpS f ppftpd;k &wufvmuwnf;u bke;f awmf}uD;awGe@J tjcm; bmom
0ifawGt"du&k%f;jzpfatmif zef;wD;cJhwm&Sd cJhw,f? ppftpdk;&[m olwdk@vkyfp&m&Sd&if
vlxkawGxJrSm rjidrfroufjzpfatmif zefwD;wwfw,f? ,ck 2010rSm usif;yrJh
41
a&$;aumufyGJtwGufvnf; pnf;vkH;aewJh wdkif;&if;om;awGudk aoG;uGJatmif jyKvkyf
w,f? vlrsd K;a&;/ bmoma&;awGe@J jynfoal wGukd aoG;cGaJ tmif zefw;D aejyefw,f? b,fvkd
aoG ; cG J r _ r sd K ;bJ v k y f v k y f usrwd k @ &if x J u 'D r d k u a&pD & &S d a &;ud k a wmh aysmuf
ysuaf tmif rvkyEf idk yf gb;l ?
trsdK;om; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;&&SdrSom wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltm;vkH; ar#mfrSef;
wJh 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH wnfaxmifEkdifrSmjzpf ygw,f? OyrmwcktaeeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
[m wdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH; pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGmeJ@ yifvkHpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkEdkifcJhvdk@ Armjynf
vGwv f yfa&; &cJw h mjzpfygw,f? 'Dtcsed rf mS trsKd ;om; jyefvnfoifjh rwfrt _ wGuf tzrf;cH
ae&wJh a':atmifqef;pk=unftyg0if wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf ,H=k unfcsuf a=umifh
tzrf;qD;cHae&wJhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; tm;vkH;vGwfajrmufa&;u t"duusygw,f?
ppf r S e f w J h jynf a xmif p k a y:ayguf a &;twG u f wd k i f ; &if ; om;pnf ; vk H ; a&;[m
ta&;}uD;ygw,f? wdkif;&if;om;nDnGwfa&;udk az:aqmif&mrSmvnf; tajymoufouf
r[kwfbJ/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;&J@ &ydkifcGifhawGeJ@ vlrsdK;pk/ vlenf;pk tcGifha&;awGudk
ppftpdk;&taeeJ@ az:aqmifay;zdk@vdkygw,f? odk@rSom trsdK;om; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_
udk&&Sd+yD; ppfrSefwJhjidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&SdrSmjzpfygw,f? ppfrSefwJh jidrf;csrf;r_udk wnfaqmuf
zd@k &eftwGu/f trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/ trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nDnw G af &;udrk jzpfraewnf
aqmufz@kd vykd gw,f/
vlwdkif;rSm jynfhpkHjcif;qdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ 'Duae@&J@ tjzpftysufawG[m reufjzef
awG&J@ ordkif;jzpfygw,f? usrwdk@&J@ordkif;rSm t&kyfqdk;tusnf;wefwJh ordkif;rjzpfvmzdk@
vdktyfygw,f? jrefrmjynf&J@ vGwfvyfwJh 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;udk tqkH;wdkif tkwfwcsyf
oJ w yG i f h tjzpf yg0if v k y f u d k i f a qmif & G u f j cif ; jzif h usrwd k @ ord k i f ; ud k vS y ap=uygpd k @ ?
t,f(vf)El;&m
2010 rSm a&G;aumufyGJ twif;t-uyfvkyfvm&if

'Davmufawmh tenf;qHk;vkyfoifhw,f
bl; 1// }udKwifrJ xJ hqdk&if h h h rxJhbl;//

2// rJay;&r,f qdk&if h h h ray;bl;//
at; h h h rJray;vdk hzrf;r,fqdk&if h h h
3// rJ&HkudkoGm; rJjym;rSm y,frJjzpfatmif &ifxJ&SdwmawGudk
twHk;vdkuf twpfvdkuf a&;xJh ypfvdkuf //
42
usm;vnf;ajumuf&
usm;ajc&mvnf;ajumuf&
tif-uif;ar tif-uif;ar
(1)
ckwavm rav;&Sm;rSm Rala(&vm) vd@k ac:wJh (vlxak pwem0efxrf; Xme)uvlawG
tawmfav; vuf&JZuf&J zrf;qD;r_awG vkyfvmygw,f? usrtjrifajym&&if 'DvlawG[m
jrefrmjynfppfwyfu arG;xm;wJh }uzhH ŒHG awGe@J awmfawmf wlw,f? wckx;l jcm;wm u &vmawGu
,leaD zmif; 0wf=uw,f? rav;&Sm;Edik if u H &JawGe@J ta&mifyu J wJG ,f?olwŒkd ,leaD zgi;f ta&mifu
ppfa&mifjzpf+yD; OD;xkyf t0ga&mifawG aqmif;xm;=uw,f?
tJ h ' D & vmawG u rav;&S m ;Ed k i f i H r S m vma&muf tvk y f v k y f u d k i f a ewJ h
jrefrmEdkifiHom;tygt0if w&m;r0if vm a&muftvkyfvkyfae=uwJh EdkifiHjcm;om;
tm;vk;H vkv d u kd kd ywfpyf @kd w&f rdS &Sq
d wkd m ppfaq;+y;D / r&Sb d ;l qk&d ifzrf;+y;D xde;f odr;f a&; pcef;vd@k ac:wJh
rav;tusO;f pcef;qDukd yd@k ay;=uolawGyg?
(2)
tpd;k &&Jh vufuikd w f wk f tapmifw h yfom;awGvŒkd ac:&r,fh &vmawG[m w&m;r0if
tvkyv f yk u f ikd af e=uwJh jrefrmEdik if o H m; tygt0if Edik if jH cm;om;awGukd zrf;ay;Edik &f if wa,mufukd
rav;&S m ;Ed k i f i H o k H ; aiG &if ; *pf (80) 'grS r [k w f tar&d u ef a ':vm(25)a':vm
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kd jf yDqakd yr,fvh nf;
wenf;enf;eJ@ qka=u;ay;wJph epfuawmh tckxad tmif &Sad eao;wmrd@k rav;Edik if rH mS w&m;r0if
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jzpfae ygawmhw,f?
tJ h ' D & vmawG [ m rav;&S m Ed k i f i H t pd k ; &ud k , f w d k i f u arG ; jrLxm;wmjzpf + yD ;
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xm;wJ h v l a wG y g? &vmawG u tck q d k rif ; rl a evd k u f w m rav;&S m ;Ed k i f i H u
&Jxufawmifa=umufae=u&w,fv@kd tvkyv f mvkyaf ewJh jrefrmEdik if o H m;awGu ajymygw,f?
olwdk@uvnf; yg0gjyw,f qdk&rvm;/ olwdk@pD;yGm;a&;vdk@ajym&rvm;awmif
rqdEk ikd af wmhygb;l ? vlwa,muf zrf;rd wdik ;f aiGu &aewmqdak wmh wae@wae@ vlzrf;zd@k yJ cGif
&Smae=uawmhwmyg? tckqdk&ifh &vmawGeJ@ rav&Sm; EdkifiHu v0u t&m&SdawGu
'kuo Q nfrsm;qdik &f mr[mrif;=uD;&H;k (UNHCR)uxkwaf y;xm;wJu h 'f udik af qmifol awGukd
43
awmif *&krpdu k =f uawmhygb;l ?zrf;csiq f ;D csif jzpfae=uygjyD?
(3)
tckqkd rav;&Sm;Edik if rH mS 'kuo Q nfaygi;f 201900OD;&S+d yD; jrefrmEdik if o
H m;u 61500
&Sdw,fvdk@ r=umao;cifu xkwfjyefwJh ukvor*~ 'kuQonfrsm;qdkif&m r[mrif; }uD;&Hk;
(UNHCR)&Jh xkwjf yef csut f & od&&dS ygw,f?jrefrmEdik if o H m;awGxrJ mS etz&Jh zdEKdS yfra_ =umifh
tjyifxu G v f molawG/ Edik if aH &;r_e@J axmifus+yD; jyefvnfvw G f ajrmufvmolawGe@J w&m;r0if
vma&muf tvkyf vkyfae=uolawG yg0if ygw,f?vlenf;pkom ywfpfydk@wf udkifEdkif=u+yD;
trsm;pk}uD;uawmh b,favmufyJ tE W&m,frsm;rsm; b,fvdkbJzrf;zrf; 0rf;a&;twGuf
pd;k wxdyx f yd Ef iS hf &ke;f uef vkyu
f ikd af e=u&olawGyg? tckqkd 'kuo Q nfu'fuikd af qmifoal wGuakd wmif
&vmawG&Jh+cdfrf;ajcmufr_u ydkrdkqdk;vmwmrdkŒ aemufxyf 'kuQ onftjzpf avSsmufzdk@
apmifq h ikd ;f aeolawGtzk@d &ifrat;p&m jzpfvmaeygjyD?
(4)
vl @ tcG i f h t a&; apmif h = unf h a &;tzG J Œ rav;&S m ;XmecG J (HRW)u
rav;&Sm;EdkifiHtpdk;&[m vl@tcGifhta&;twGuf vkyfzdk@pdwfr0ifpm;bJ a&wdkol@EdkifiH
aumif ; pm;a&; ouf o uf t wG u f y J v k y f w mrd k @ vl @ tcG i f h a &;qd k w mawG e J @ a0;a0;
a&SmifaecJw h m=um+yDv@kd ajymaeoHawGvnf;&Sad eygw,f? 'gt h jyif 'DtzGŒJ u &vmawGuv kd nf;
t&dik ;f tpdik ;f t&yf om; wyfz@JG v@kd qx kd m;ygw,f?
'ga=umifhyJxifyg&JŒ rav;&Sm;tpdk;&u olŒEdkifiHrSm vma&muftvkyfvkyf=uwJh
tvkyform;awGukd tzrf;rcH& atmif w&m;0if 'kuQonfu'f topfxyfxkyfay;r,fvdk@
r=umao;cifu a=unmvdu k yf gw,f?
'gayr,f h vuf a wG Œ rS m usawmh rav;&S m ;tpd k ; &ajymoavmuf rvG , f u l
ygbl;?rav;&Sm; EdkifiHrSm tvkyfvkyfudkifae=uwJh jrefrmEdkifiHom;awGtzdk@ b,fae@rsm;
&vmawGe@J w;kd +yD; tzrf;cH&rvJ/ b,fae@rsm; xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; tyd@k c&H rvJv@kd &ifwrreJ@
tvkyrf mS vnf; *emr+idrf jzpfae=u&ygw,f?usruwmh rav;&Sm;tpd;k &[m a&r_ww f zuf
rD;pwzuf vkyaf ewmvd@k ajymcsiv f mw,f? bma=umifv h nf; qdak wmh wzufu w&m;r0if
tvkyform;awGu vkyfcenf;enf;ESifh cdkif;vdkŒ&awmh rodovdkyHkpHrsdK;eJ@ vufcHcsif w,f?
wzufuvnf; olŒEdik if H v0u tufEiS fh +iad eawmh olŒvlawGukd zrf;cdik ;f qD;cdik ;f awG vky&f jyefw,f?
'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yKcHxm;&wJh 'kuo Q nfu'f udik af qmifxm;ol awGawmif
rav;&Ja=umuf& &vmawG a=umuf& jzpfaewmqdak wmh 'kuo Q nfjzpfz@kd avSsmufxm;qJ
olawGtzdkŒh b,frSmra=umufyJ aeEdkifawmhrSmvJ? a=umufoifhwmaygh? tzrf;cH&&if
44
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; a&mufwt hJ jyif nSO;f yrf;ESyd pf ufwmyg cH&Edik wf mrd@k yg? b,fae@ rsm; &vm
awGvufcsurf rd vJqw dk hJ ylyifaomuawGe@J tvkyv f yk af e=u&wmyg?
(5)
0rf;enf;p&maumif;wmu jrefrmEdkifiHom;awG[m b,favmufyJ 'kuQawG&Sd&Sd/
b,fvdkyJ tzrf;tqD;awG =urf; =urf; olwdk@tzdk@uawmh eD;pyf&m e,fpyfEdkifiH awGudk
vma&mufvyk u f ikd +f rJ vkyu f ikd af e=u&wJh tjzpfq;kd =uD;yg?
wae@wae@wdk;wdk;vmaewJhukefaps;E_ef;/ wae@wae@wdk;wdk;vmaewJh tvkyf
tudkif&Sm;yg;rSK pwJh tajctaeawGu t&G,faumif;jrefrm vli,f vl&G,fav;awGudk
olrsm;EdkifiHrSm rsufESmi,fi,fESifh ra=umufEdkifrvefŒEdkif oGm;vkyf =u&wJh w&m;r0if
a&GŒajymif;tvkyo f rm;b0udk ra&mufa&mufatmif wGe;f ydŒk aewmjzpfygw,f?
tJ'gawGuawmhudk,fhEdkifiH&Jh pD;yGm;a&;c|wfjcHKusr_/etzppftpdk;&&JŒ tkyfcsKyfa&;
rSm;,Gi;f r_awG&ŒJ tusKd ;qufawG ygy?J 'gukd jrefrmjynfom;wdik ;f zGirhf ajym&J&ifawmif &ifxu J
vufc, H =Hk unfxm;=uygw,f?
etzudk rwwfomao;vdk@om +idrfcHae=uwm? aygufuGJvmwJh wae@awmh
jrefrmwEdik if v H ;Hk tk=H uGra_ wG aocsm aygujf zpfay:vmr,fvŒkd usrawmh ,H=k unf aeygw,f?
vlwcsdKŒuawmh igwdkŒudku uHqdk;vGef;vdkufwmvdkŒnnf;wwf=uygw,f? usrawmh uHudk
&d k ; r,f r csEd k i f b l ; ? 'D v d k j zpf a y:ae&wJ h ta=umif ; &if ; [m usrwd k Œ Ed k i f i H t pd k ; &&J Œ
vGaJ csmrf mS ;,Gi;f rSKawGa=umifh jzpf&wmvdŒk yJ usr ajym csiw f ,f?rav;&Sm;Edik if /H xdik ;f Edik if w
H Œkd rSm
vma&muftvkyfvkyfae=uwJh jrefrmEdkifiHom;awG tE W&m,f=um;rSm odkif;uGufeif; ovdk
a&Smifumwdrf;um vkyfudkifpm;aomuf ae&wmawG/ toGm;rawmfwvSrf;rjzpf&atmif
usD ; uef ; awmif ; arS m uf oG m ;vm ae&wmawG tm;vH k ; uae usrwd k Œ b,f a wmh
vGwaf jrmufEikd rf mS vJ?'Dar;cGe;f [m usrwdŒk tm;vH;k twGuf 0dik ;f ajz=u&r,fh ar;cGe;f yg?
usm;vnf ; a=umuf & /usm;ajc&mvnf ; a=umuf a e&wJ h tjzpf u usrwd k Œ
b,fvdk&kef;x=urvJ?usrwdkŒb0awG *k%f&Sdwef;&SdoGm;vmaexdkifEdkifaatmif b,folu
wm0ef,al y;rSmvJ?b,fawmh ,lay;rSmvJ?
usrwdŒk acgi;f ay:udk zdq;D xm;wJh vufonftppf[m &vmvm;? rav;&Sm;&J ESihf
rav;&Sm;tpd;k &vm;? tJ'eD ikd if H awG&ŒJ v0utufvm;?'gawGrrS [kwf etzppftpd;k &vm;?
usrwdkŒtm;vHk; 'Dar;cGef;awG pOf;pm;jyD; ajz=unfh=uzdkŒ usr cspfcifav;pm;pGGm
wdu k w
f eG ;f csiyf gw,f? ?
tajzudk tjrefq;kH &SmazGawGŒ&SEd ikd =f uygap?
2-3-2010?
tif-uif;ar
45
p-um0VmxJu
'dik ,
f mvufwpf
(15)
rd;k ajropf
p=um0Vm urBmavmu twGi;f yÉdyuQrsm;/ wdu k yf rJG sm;/ txl;ojzifh vl@tzJ@G tpnf;
wpfct k wGi;f &Sd wdu k yf yJG ÉdyuQrsm;udk avhvm&mY tEkyÉdavmr(ac: ) 'dik , f mvufopft&
a'giphf /kH bufp/kH tajctaepH/k a@&t S vm;tvmrsm;ESihf cGjJ cm;pdwjf zm avhvmonf? txl;ojzifh
um;vfrmhpf/ td*s,f / vDeif / pwmvif wdk@. tEkyÉdavmrenf; rsm;udk tusOf;r#
azmfxw k cf +hJ y;D jzpfonf? xdrk w S qifh tEkyÉdavmr &ky0f g'udk &Si;f vif;&ef qdu k af &mufvmcJo h jzifh
emrf0g'w D @kd . emrf0g'ESihf puf,E , W m;&ky0f g'wd@k . pufE , W m; &ky0f g'udk azmfxw k cf o hJ nf?
xd@k aemuf emrf0g'rD sm;ESihf puf,E , W m; &ky0f g'w
D @kd . qef@usijf cm;em;pGm avmuuodjrifyrkH sm;/
cH,yl rkH sm;udk xkwEf w k af zmfjycJo h nf? a@&t
S cef;wGif emrf0g'rD sm;ESihf tEkyÉdavmr &ky0f g'w D @kd EiS hf
odr_ (Epistemology) ESiyhf wfoufI uGmjcm;yHw k @kd ukd aygi;f &H;k azmfjycJoh nf? vlonf tb,f
enf ; / tb,f y H k ywf 0 ef ; usif u d k o d & S d o enf ; ? od j rif y H k od j rif ; enf ; pepf ( Theory of
Knowledge)rwl=uyHkrsm;udk azmfjycJhjcif;jzpfonf? ,ck Ttcef;wGif wd&dpm>efrsm;tyg
t0if/ vlwdk@.odpdwf/ tm&Hkodpdwf jzpfay:vmyHkudk xyfrHwdk;csJ@ azmfjyygOD;rnf? t"du
&nf&G,fcsufrSm pdwf0g'Dwdk@. t,ltqESifh 'dkif,mvufwpf &kyf0g'Dwdk@. t,ltqwdk@udk
xyfraH vhvmEdil &f ef rnfonft h ,ltqonf odyeH` nf;usjzpfoenf;/ "rR"Xd mefusoenf; qdo k nfukd
ydik ;f jzwfEild &f eftwGujf zpfonf?
(u)
ouf&Sd&kyfcE<mwdkif;onf pdwfydkif;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk rjyKvkyfEdlifay? A[dk tm&Hka=um
zG@J pnf;r_pepf&o dS nfh wd&pm>erf sm;/ owW0grsm;Yom tm&Hck pH m;csuu f o
kd ad om tm&Ho k pd w d f
jzpf a y:vmonf ? ouf & S d & k y f c E< m rsm;wG i f tm&H k a =um zG J @ pnf ; r_ p epf wjznf ;
jznf; ay:vmonfhtcg A[dktm&Hka=um zGJ@pnf;r_pepfrS OD;aESmuf[lI jzpfay:vmonf?
xdkOD;aESmuf jzpfay:wdk;wufr_onf tqifhjrifhvmaomtcg OD;aESmufa=umESihf4if;.
A[dkXmersm; jzpfay:vmaomtcg tawG;tac:[laom ydkIjrifhonfh pdwfydkif;vkyfaqmif
46
csurf sm; ay:vm.?od@k jzpf&m OD;aESmufonf tawG;tac:. }u, d mtpdwt f ydik ;f omjzpf onf?
awG;}uHjcif;rSm OD;aESmufujyKvkyaf om vkyaf qmifcsuw f ckjzpfonf?
“pd w f y d k i f ; jzpf p Of r sm;ud k cG J j crf ; pd w f j zm =unf h &_ E d l i f & ef pd w f y d k i f ; jzpf p Of r sm;
. obm0ESifhrlvudk em;vnf&eftwGuf &kyftv$mrsm;jzpf=uonfh tm&kHa=umqdkif&m
jzpfpOfrsm;udk avhvmtyfayonf?”[lIEdlifiHa&;acgif;aqmif vDeifua&;cJhonf? cE<m
aA'yg&*lwOD;jzpfonfh &k&Sm;vlrsdK; tDAefyufAavmhu OD;aESmuf&Sd tm&kHa=um wkef@jyefr_
oabmw&m;udk xkwfazmfcJhonfh ta=umif;udk a&S@tcef;wGif azmfjycJh+yD;jzpfonf?
2008 wGif xkwaf 0cJo h nfh a'guw f mz&ifuifpwde;f (Dr.Frakenstein) . Human Body
Book vl @ cE< m aA' pmtk y f w G i f vl @ OD ; aES m uf z G J @ pnf ; yH k u d k tao;pd w f azmf j yxm;onf ?
OD;aESmufwckvHk;wGif uvyfpnf; (qJvfrsm;) oef;aygif; wpf&mcef@&Sdonf[k azmfjyxm;
onf?xlqef;p&maumif;onfrSm tpdwftydkif;rsm; wpfckESifhwpfck wwef;pD wnf&Sdaejcif;
jzpfonf?
(1) toHrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;ESifh xif&Sm;odompGm rSwfom;jcif;ESifh ouf
qdkifonfh tpdwftydkif;/ em;rS0ifa&mufvmaom tcsufjy trSwfvuQ%mrsm;udk vufcH
onhf tpdwt f ydik ;f (xdt k pdwt f ydik ;f ESpcf ok nf woD;wjcm;pD wwef;pD wnf&adS e=uonf?)
(2) tjriftm&HkESifh ywfoufonfh OD;aESmuftpdwftydkif;/ xdkOD;aESmuftcef;
i,fwGif rsufvHk;'Gg&xJ &dkufcwfvmaom tjriftm&Hk yHko¾mefrsm; / ta&miftqif;
rsm;/ v_y&f mS ;r_ vuQ%mrsm;udk t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf akd y;onf?(interprets)
(3) tjriftm&HkwGif ay:aygufvmonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk yHkpHt
rsdK;rsdK;cGJjcrf; pdwfjzmjcif;ESifh pdwful;&kyfyHkv$myHko¾mefrsm; jzpfap&ef zefwD;onfh OD;aESmuf
tpdwt f ydik ;f ? xdt k pdwt f ydik ;f ESpcf rk mS vnf; woD;wjcm;pDjzpfonf?
(4) xdawG@rE_ iS hf a0'emcHpm;jcif; ESio hf ufqikd o
f nfh tpdwt f ydik ;f ?
(5) =uGufom;rsm; v_yf&Sm;vmaponfh armif;cvkwfozG,fjzpfonfh OD;aESmuf
tpdwt f ydik ;f ?
(6) pufbD;pD;onfhtcg xdrf;odrf;ay;&ouJhodk@ &_yfaxG;ayGvDaom v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;udk tE &W m,fab;uif;&ef xdr;f odr;f ay;onfh OD;aESmufz@JG pnf;r_tydik ;f ?
(7) udk,f&nfudk,faoG;/ tawG;tac:/ pDrHcef@cGJr_/ pDrHr_rsm;udk zefwD;jzpfay:
aponfh OD;aESmuf tpdwt f ydik ;f ?
(8) *DwtEkynmESifh tjcm;aom tEkynm&yfwdk@udk qufoG,faygif;pyfay;
onfh cE<mud, k .
f b,fbuf/ b,fbufjcrf;/ OD;aESmuftpdwt f ydik ;f ?
(9)pum;ESihf ocsmF ynm&yfw@kd ukd qufo, G af ygi;f pyf jzpfay:aponfh cE<mud, k . f
nmbuf/nmbufjcrf;/ OD;aESmuftpdwt f ydik ;f ?
47
(10) OD;aESmufwckvHk;rSm 85µonf OD;aESmufwckvHk;udk xdrf;odrf;csLyfudkif;xm;
onfh A[dck surf tpdwt f ydik ;f ?(The brain’s control center) xdt k ydik ;f udk pm&Db&rf(rf) (ce-
rebrum) OD ; aES m uf t v,f y d k i f ; [l I vnf ; ac:onf ? xd k O D ; aES m uf A [d k c suf r wG i f
tydkif;ESpfydkif;yg0ifonf? OD;aESmufnmbufydkif;rS wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk cE<mudk,f.
b,fbufjcrf;u vkyfaqmifay;onf? xdkenf;wl OD;aESmufb,fbufjcrf;rS wkef@jyefcsuf
rsm;ud k cE< m ud k , f . nmbuf j crf ; u v_ y f & S m ;aqmif & G u f a y;&onf ? Tod k @ tm;jzpf
OD;aESmufA[dktv,fydkif;onf tcsuftcsmusvS+yD; tuef@vdkuf a'ovdkuf OD;aESmuf
tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm; udx k rd ;f csKyfxm;onf? (All those faciuties are provided by the cere-
brum, the key part of the brain) Tod@k jzifh vlw@kd .odjrifr/_ cHpm;r_/ awG;awmr_/ jyifyurBmod@k
wke@f jyefr/_ rsm;jzpfay:vmcJo h nf [kqo kd nf?
(c)
a@&Stcef;wGif vlwdk@. pdwfESifh&kyf rnfodk@qufoG,faeonf/ rqufoG,fyg/
@ @ @ ponfpw d /f &kyf ESiyhf wfoufonfh jy\emrsm;udk azmfjycJo h nf? Tjy\emrsm;onf
ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm =umanmif;cJt h +y;D rmhupf .
f tawG;tac: ay:xGuv f mjcif;jzpfonf? rmhupf Ef iS hf
td e f * s,f w d k @ onf pd w f 0 g'ud k qef @ usif w d k u f c d k u f u m &k y f E S i f h p d w f w d k @ . quf o G , f y H k
udk azmfxkwfcJhonf? xdktawG;tac: ynm&Sif}uD;ESpfOD;. azmfxkwfcJhonfh 'dkif,mvuf
wpf&yk 0f g' tawG;tac:onf pdwEf iS &hf yk f qufo, G yf u
kH kd tajccHI wnfaqmufxm;cJjh cif;
jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh 'dkif,mvufwpf&kyf0g'udk od&Sdem;vnfvdkolonf vlwdk@.odr_/
awG;ac:pOf;pm;r_w@kd tm;vH;k udk rnfo@kd &&Scd o hJ enf; qdo k nfh tcsuu f ykd g od&zdS @kd vakd yonf?
a@&t S cef;ESiv hf nf; qufpyfavhvmEdil pf rd ahf omiSg rmhupf Ef iS hf tde*f s,w f @kd . pdw&f yk f qufo, G yf u
kH kd
xyfr&H iS ;f vif;ygrnf? od@k r[kwf vlw@kd . odpw d jf zpfay:vmyHu k &kd iS ;f ygrnf?
(u) pdwfonf &kyf.&kdufcwfcsuf jzpfonf? pdwfydkif;jzpfpOfrsm;onf &kyfcE<mESihf
ywf0ef;usifudk qufoG,fv#uf&Sdaom OD;aESmuf. jzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfonf? OD;aESmufonf
vl . &k y f c E< m jzpf a y:r_ Y a&S @ wef ; od k @ a&muf & S d a ecJ h o nf ? pd w f y d k i f ; jzpf p Of [l o r#onf
OD;aESmuf.jzpfpOf/ &kyf.jzpfpOf &kyfcE<m tpdwftydkif;. jzpfpOf[k ,lq.? xdkenf;wlpGm
wd&p>mefu ywf0ef;usit f m;w@jkH yefqufo, G yf okH nfvnf; pdwyf ikd ;f jzpfpOf. t"duusaom
toGifvuQ%mjzpfonf? vlwdk@onf &kyf0wWKudkjrif&mY4if;/ awG@&mY4if; OD;aESmuf.
jrifwwfaom/ awG;ac:wwfaom v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rSwqifh vlwdk@onfxdk&kyf0wWKESifh
qufoG,frdjcif;jzpfonf? xdjcif;/ =um;jcif;/ odjcif;/ ar$;ysH @jcif;ponfwdk@onfvnf;
xdktwlyifjzpfonf? rmhufpfESifhtdef*s,fwdk@. &kyf0g'enf;t&qdkv#if odpdwfonfodpdwf&Sd
aom&kyfcE<m. ZD0jzpfpOfESifh uif;Iwnf&Sdaeaom t&mr[kwf[k,lqonf? odpdwfonf
48
yifv#if pdwf&Sdaom &kyfjzpfwnfr_yifjzpfonf? 'dkif,mvufwpf &kyf0g'Drsm;ESifh yufAavmh
u touf&Sdaom/ odpdwf&Sdaom &kyfcE<mudk avhvmayonf? odpdwf&Sdaom &kyfcE<mESifh
ywf0ef;usifwdk@onf rnfodk@qufoG,faeonfudk avhvmayonf? xdk@a=umifh &kyf0g'
enf;onf odyeH` nf;usjcif;jzpfonf?
odpdwf&Sdaom v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_onf odpdwf&Sdaom&kyfcE<mrsm;ESifh ywf0ef;
usifqufoG,fa&;udk zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufay;onf? ,if;uJhodk@ zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufjcif;
tvkyfudk OD;aESmufu jyKvkyfay;onf? xdk@a=umifh odpdwf.jzpfpOfrsm;onf vlESifhjyify
urBmavmu}uD; tm;qufo, G af y;onfh jzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfonf? xdu k o
hJ @kd jyifyurBmESihf
vlwkd@ qufqH&mY tm&Hkrsm;ESifh pdwful;awG;ac:r_rsm;onf vlESifhjyifyurBmwdk@ ul;vl;
qufoG,fay;onfh ,mOfrsm; / u&d,mrsm;jzpfonf? vDeifu Todk@qdkonf“odpdwfESihf
jyifyurBmavmu}uD;udk qufoG,fay;&mY wdkuf&dkufatmifoG,fay;olrSm tm&Hkrsm;
jzpfayonf? pdw0f g' tbd"rRmurl tm&Ho k nf odpw
d Ef iS jhf yifyurBmudk qufo, G af y;aom
t&m[k r,lq” [kqo kd nf?
pdwfydkif;jzpfpOfrsm;onf OD;aESmufvkyfaqmifcsuf. wpdwfwa'o t&mom
jzpfonf? vufatmufcHjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh “odr_onfvl@OD;aESmuf. b0jzpfpOfom
jzpfonf?”[k um;vfrmhupf u f ajymcJjh cif;jzpfonf
(c) rmhufpf. tvdkt& odr_.jzpfpOf/ odpdwf. jzpfpOfwav#mufY &kyfurBm
avmu}uD;. tpdwftydkif;trsdK;rsdK;. a&mifjyef[yfcsufrsm;onf &kyfjzpfpOfwnf;
[laom OD;aESmuf.jzpfpOfxJY ay:wGufvm.? odpdwftwGif;Y&kyfurBm avmu}uD;.
tpdwftydkif; trsdK;rsdK;onf jrifr_/ xdr_/ odr_ponfh twGif;o¾mefrsm;jzpfvm =u.?
cufrmjcif;/ El;nHjh cif;(yx0D&yk )f / yljcif;at;jcif;(awaZm&ky)f / zG@J pnf;jcif;oabm (tmayg&yk )f /
axmuf c H j cif ; / v_ y f & S m ;jcif ; oabm(0ga,m&k y f ) ponf h &k y f u rB m avmu}uD ; .
tpdwftydkif; toD;oD;wdk@onf vlcE<mudk,f tpdwftydkif; toD;oD;xJodk@ tm&Hkrsm;rS
wqifh 0ifa&mufvm=u.? 4if;wdk@onf wu,f&Sdaom t&mr[kwf &kyf.udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;om jzpf=uonf? ta&mif[yfcsufrsm;omjzpfonf? Todk@tm;jzifh &kyf.ta&mif
&dkufcwfr_wdk@onf OD;aESmufjzpfpOfxJwGif ay:vm=uonf?Oyrm OD;aESmuf. tm&HkcHpm;
r_qdkif&m v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;xJY tvif;a&mif rif;rlonfhoabm/ jyefv$wfaom
oabm&Sdonf? &kyfcE<.owdWrsm;onf taoG;ta&mifudk cHpm;wwfaom tm&Hkrsm;
udkjzpfay:ap.? &kyf0wWKypPnf;rsm;. yHkyef;o¾mefrsm;/ qufoG,fr_rsm;onf odr_udkjzpf
ay:aponf? odpdwfonf &kyf.ta&mif&dkufcwfcsuf[k qdk&mY ta&mif&dkufcwfcsuf
jzpfpOfY t"dutoGio f ¾mef}uD; av;&yf&o dS nf?
49
(1) &kyftrSefw&m;onf y"gejzpfI pdwfta&mif &dkufcwfr_onf omrnjzpf
onf? Oyrm =um;r_udk qef;ppf=unfhygrnf? toHonf yxr&kyfjzpfonf? =um;jcif;
(aomw)tm&Hkonf 'kwd,&kyfjzpfonf? yxr&kyfESifh 'kwd,&kyf qufoG,frdaomtcg
ta&mif&dkufcsuf[lI ay:vmonf?=um;r_onf yxr&kyfjzpfpOf. ta&mif&dkufcwfcsuf
jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifhyxr &kyfjzpfpOfonf t"duus.?y"geus.? 'kwd,&kyfjzpfpOfonf
omrnjzpf.? aemufay: jzpfonf?yxr&kyjf zpfpOfonf 'kw, d &kyjf zpfpOfEiS u
hf if;I jzpfay:.?
'k w d , jzpf p Of & S d t&d y f t a&mif o¾mef r sm;um; yxr&k y f j zpf p Of u d k r S d I jzpf a y:
vm.? 'kwd,&kyfjzpfpOfxJY ay:vmaomtoGifo¾mefrsm;onf yxr&kyfjzpfpOfxJwGif
&Sdonfh toGifo¾mefrsm;omjzpfonf? rSefxJwGif t&m0wWkwdk@xifjcif;/ rxifjcif;rSm
rSeaf @&wS iG tf &m0wWKrsm; wu,f&/dS r&Sad y: Y wnfouJo h @kd yifjzpfonf?
(2) OD;aESmufu qHk;jzwfjyXmef;onfh yHko¾meftwdkif; &kyftrSefw&m;onf
odpw d x f w J iG v
f mI t&dyx f ifjcif;jzpfonf?rmhupf 0f g'u ta&mifonf u|Eyfk w f @kd pw
d x
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t&mjzpfonf[k ,lq.? ta&mif.e*dkowdWrsm;a=umifh u|Ekfyfwdk@. ta&miftaoG;/
cHpm;r_tm&HkwGif vmIt&dyfxifjcif;[k ,lq.? tvif;a&mifjyefjcif;/ zrf;jcif;ponfh
ADZowdWrsm;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@. odpdwfxJY ta&mif&dkufcwfvmaomtcg ta&mifudk
cHpm;aom tm&Hk[lI jzpfvmonf? Ttcsufudk ody`Hynm&Sifu jyocJh+yD;jzpfonf?
vlwdk@.jyify/ vlwdk@.pdwfESifh uif;vGwfaomXmeY &kyf.v_yf&Sm;r_wck&Sdonf? xdk&kyf.
v_yf&Sm;r_onf puUKtm&Hka=umESifhvmI xdcwfaomtcg vlYwpHkwckaom ta&mif.
tm&kHudk xkwfvkyfay;vdkufonf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? Oyrm teDa&mifOD;xkyfwpfvHk;
qd=k uygp@kd ? puUKtm&Ho k nf teDa&mifO;D xkyu f ckd pH m;.? aemufteDa&mifO;D xkyf ta=umif;udk
OD ; aES m uf u awG ; .? od . ? xd k o d r _ u d k “'D O D ; xk y f u eD w ,f ” [k 0 gusjzif h jynf h p H k
pGmazmfjy.? ,if;onfjyify&kyf trSefw&m;u odpdwfxJwGif ta&mif&dkufcwfvdkufaom
tcg ay:vmaom odr. _ yHko¾mefrsm;jzpfonf?
(3) wzefodpdwfxJwGif ay:vmaom &kyftrSefw&m;. ta&mif&dkwfcwfr_
onfvnf; ouf&SdcE<mESifhywf0ef;usifwdk@. tjyeftvSef wHk@jyefqufoG,fr_t& ay:ayguf
vmjcif; jzpf.? rlv&kyfjzpfpOf (jyify&kyf0wWK) ESifh 'kwd,&kyfjzpfpOf (yxr&kyfudk zrf;,l
aom&kyf)wdk@. qufoG,fr_/ tjyeftvSef wHk@jyefv_yf&Sm;r_wdk@a=umifh ta&mif&dkufcwfr_
(t&dy)f onf ay:vm&.? ta&mif&u kd cf wfr. _ t&if;tjrpfonf rlvjzpfpOfjzpf.? od@k jzpf
OD;aESmuf. b0jzpfpOfonf 4if;.xkwu f ek yf pPn;f jzpfaom jrifr/_ odr._ awG;r_w@kd txJY xdjk rifr/_
od r /_ awG ; r_ wd k @ . t&if ; rl v jzpf a om ywf 0 ef ; usif &k y f t rS e f w &m;ud k xk w f v k y f
50
ay;onf? (0g) ta&mif &dkwfcwfonf? odpdwf&Sdaom &kyfcE<mudk,fESifh 4if;.ywf0ef;usif
onf tjyeftvSefwHk@jyef v_yf&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf? xdkwkH@jyefv_yf&Sm;r_udkvnf; OD;aESmufu
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t&m0wWKwpfckonf OD;aESmuf. v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcsufwGif ta&mif&dkufcwfrdonf
ESifhw+ydKufeuf OD;aESmufonf xdkt&m0wWK. ta&mif&dkufcwfcsuf trsdK;rsdK;udk tajcudk
vdkufI xkwfvkyfay;Edlifonf? OD;aESmufonf t&m0wWKwpfckudk wpfcgta&mif[yfbl;
onfESifh aemufwGifvnf; xdkt&m0wWK.wu,fh&kyfudk rjrif&onfhwdkif OD;aESmufxJwGif
pGJ+rJaewwfonf? tdrfrufjcif; ea0wdrfawmif tqDtai:rwnfh xifjrifjcif;ponfhwdk@
rSm jrifbl;aom t&m0wWKwpfck. ta&mif&dkufcwfcsufonf OD;aESmufxJwGif pGJ+rJae
aoma=umifjh zpfonf?
(4) vlujrifaomtjrif/ vluawG;aom tawG;onf jrifr/_ odr_ xJY wdu k &f u
kd f
ay:vmaom trSefw&m;. jzpfpOfr[kwfyJ vl.tawG@t}uHK/ b0tajctae/ vlr_
qufqHa&; ponfwdk@.jyK jyifzefwD;r_udk cH,l+yD;aemufrS ay:vmjcif;jzpf.? xdk@a=umifh
vl.tawG@t}uHK/ b0tajctaeudk vdkufI jrifr_/ odr_/ awG;r_udk oif=um;jcif;jzpf.?
Oyrm &_yfaxG;aom puf,E W,m;wpfckudk ppfaq;aeonfh u|rf;usifaom tif*sifeD,m
wpfa,mufESifhomrefvl+ydef;wpfa,muf. tm&Hk'Gg&rsm;onf puf,E W,m;udkjrif&mwGif
twlwlyifjzpf.? odk@&mwGif xdkvlESpfa,muf. puf,E W,m;udk jrifr_ odr_um;rwlnD
=uay? tif*sifeD,monf omrefvlxuf puf,E W,m;ESifhywfoufaom pdwful;awG;ac:
r_&jdS cif; a=umifjh zpf.?jrifr_ odru _ t kd ajccHIay:vmaom pdwu f ;l awG;ac:r_onf xdjk rifr_ odru _ kd
wzefjyefI wkH@jyefvGrf;rdk;jyefavonf? wenf;tm;jzifh b0v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_.
xkwfukefypPnf;wpfckrSm odpdwfjzpfonf? xdkodpdwfuyif b0v_yf&Sm;r_udkvrf;n$efay;
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ay;rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk odpw d x f w J iG af zmfxw
k af y;vduk af vonf? xdo k pd w d uf &kycf E<m &kybf 0udk
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jzpfwnfr_ESpfckr&Sd/ &kyfurBmavmuESifh emrfurBmavmu[lI urBmavmuESpfckr&Sd?
&kyu f rBmavmu[lI wpfco k m&So d nf? &kyjf zpfpOfwpfco k m&So
d nf? &kyEf iS phf w d f (&kycf E<m/emrfcE<m)
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csuw f @kd ukd cGjJ cm;jcif;omjzpf.?
51
ta&mif&dkufcwfr_udk jzpfay:apaom rlvjzpfpOfESifh ta&mif&dkufcwfr_ ay:onfh
'k w d , jzpf p Of E S p f c k p vH k ; onf &k y f j zpf p Of o uf o uf j zpf o nf ? od k @ &mwG i f ta&mif
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'GefwGJ 0g'udkjiif;y,fonf? &kyf0g'. tqdkjyKcsufrSm emrfcE<monf &kyfcE<mrS oD;jcm;uif;
vGwfI rwnf&Sd[lI jzpf.? pdwfemrfonf omrnjzpfonf? OD;aESmuf. vkyfaqmif
csufjzpfonf? jyifyurBm}uD;. ta&mif&dkufcwfcsufjzpfonf? &kyfESifhpdwfwdk@. yÉdyuQ
onf usOf;ajrmif;onf? xdke,ferdwfudk ausmfv#ifum; &kyfESifhpdwfyÉdyuQonf arS;rSdwf
oGm;um tjyeftvSet f rSo d [J jyKaeonfom jzpfayownf;?”
rd;k ajropf
azazmf0g&D / 5 /2010
pmrsuEf mS 36rS tquf
csrw S af =ujimcJ@w,f (NLD) xJrmS vnf; 0d0g'awGujJG ym;r_&adS pumrl acgi;f aqmif xdyw f ef; (3)
OD; rwufa&mufyJ OD;wifOD; tygt0if pHknDacgif;aqmiftm;vHk;vdkvdku a&G;aumufyGJ
aumfr&Siw f iG rf w
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tzG@J csKyf(NLD) u todtrSwjf yK=uw,f? jynfo@l qENuo kd ad om (NLD) onf ol@tvkyu f kd
olvkyfvdkuf&jcif;[k em;vnf&ayonf? EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifygwDyDyDyif &yfjyvdkufjcif;yif?
tav;jyKonf (NLD)? cGyaf 'gi;ftcH =u,fyiG t hf vHEiS hf (NLD) onf 8888 pdw"f gwu f kd
xyfqifrh ;D armif; xd;k jyvdu k of nf?
ta&;t}uD;qH;k onfum; jynfya&muftiftm;pkrsm;ua&m “ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd
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ppftm%m&Sif pepfjzpfonf? ae&m/ tusdK;/ cspfjcif;/ rkef;jcif;/ twW/ rme cGmcs+yD;
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52
&dk;jywfuGi f;pyf wvif;uGufxJrS
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tdref &H aH y:wGif csw d qf x

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tzGm;jcHK. pdwt f aw;Gonf "gwyf x kH rJ oS m;ESichf ifyeG ;f xHwiG f +idw, G af e onf// cifyeG ;f onfrmS
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&yfwnf&iS o f ef&rnfenf;? rSwo f m;&rnfh tawG;pum; cGet f m;rsm;ESihf tvGr;f ajy =unf&h KS p&m
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ol&adS eonf? pum;rajymbJ tdy, f may:wGif pmzwfaeonf? od@k r[kwf Ak'a< 'oem tewWukd
&SKrSwaf eonf[k xifaeqJ? xdo k @kd xifrw S jf cif;ESithf wl cifyeG ;f onf. vSKyf&mS ; rSKyH&k yd vf m$ rsm;rSm
&ifxw J iG u f ed ;f atmif;aeqJ? txl;ojzifh &GmxJu vufvyk v f ufpm; ysu H stvkyo f rm;awG /
v,fuv l ED iS hf v,form;awG wpwpxufwp ydrk ikd wfrw G v f m =u / paumxJu ZD;jzLoD;ES,f
rwnfjidrf=u / rvGwfvyf usOf;=uyfvmcJh=upOf cifyGef;udk ydkrdkowd&onf? v iykwf
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a&mufvm=uvdrrhf ,f? tzGm; olw@kd ukd apmifrh aeESiahf wmh”
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“ &ygw,f orD;&,f/ tzGm; xrif;a=umfyJ pm;vdu k yf grh ,f? 'gEiS hf armifjrat; wd@k zufu
orD;udk urf;vSr;f xm;wJh udpu P kd orD;aum pOf;pm;jyD;+yDvm;? orD; vufcrH mS vm;? orD;vnf;
tdraf xmifjyK&rnfh tcsed f t&G,af &mufae+yD? pOf;vnf;pOf;pm;wwfjyD;qdak wmh ”
“tzGm;&,f orD;vufrcHygb;l ? aowJah e@txd =uif=uifememESihf vufwcJG hJ =uwJh
tzGm;ESit hf zd;k wd@k &@J tdraf xmif;a&;udk =unfjh y;D =unfE;l 0rf;omcJ&h w,f? tm;us w,f? 'gayr,fh
53
tazESit hf arudk =unfjh yD; pdwyf suw f ,f? orD;u jrat;ESihf tdraf xmifjyK vdu k v f @kd tzGm;vdk
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“ tckvJ pdwu f ;l xJrmS jrat;ESihf tdraf xmifjyK=unfrh o d nf? aysm&f i$ cf sr;f ajr@ wJh
jird ;f csr;f rSKu jrat;taz OD;awmifv;kH ausmf tdrrf mS &Srd mS r[kwb f ;l tzGm;? tzGm; vnf;odygw,f?
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awmolaX; tm%mydik &f @J =uD;pd;k v$r;f rd;k rSKatmuf rSm orD;ae&rSm? jrat;uvnf; orD;udk
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orD;udk b,fvpkd Of;pm;&rvJ? OD; ausmufv;kH udk pOf;pm;zd@k a0;ygao;w,f? ”
oDou D tzGm;&J@ xHyg;rSxvmcJo h nf? oDot D azu tzGm;&J@t=uD;qH;k om;?
tcspq f ;kH om;=u;D ? oDot D azu aemuftrd af xmifjyKum oDot D arudk xm;&pfco hJ nf? oDow D @kd
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tzGm;u tdraf xmifa&;udk pOf;pm;=unf&h if; ol@om;=uD;udk emusif emusn;f
&aomfvnf; cifyeG ;f onfurkd l ESajrmwo owd&aewH;k ? =urf;wrf;cufxefaom qif;&J v,form;
rdom;pkb0xJwiG f twlwuG &ke;f uefco hJ ?l b0ESirhf o d m;pktay: opPmw&m; =u;D rm;jrifjh rwfvo S ?l
acî;pufw@kd jzifh cif;aomql;vrf;udk ZGo J wWw d @kd jzifh uwWyD gvrf; jzpfapcJo h l ESpu
f , kd w f b l 0xJrS
cJx
G u G af oqH;k oGm;jyq D akd omfvnf; ol.trSew f &m;udk cspo f nfh pdw"f gw/f r[kwrf cH pdw"f gww f @kd u
&if x J E S v H k ; om;xJ w G i f ud e f ; atmif ; &S i f o ef a eqJ ? zuf q pf * syef u d k awmf v S e f c J h = u/
toufaoG;ay;cJ=h uonfh v,form;ajymufusm;awGxu J wOD;ayg?h aoom oGm;a&m xdjk rifrh m;
jrifjh rwf pdw"f gwu f tzGm;b0xJwiG f awmufyvSpmG usecf o hJ nf?
“ a':=u;D &,f/ a':=u;D &Sv d m;? oDot D oHvnf; r=um;ygvm;? b,fomG ;=uvJ &Sw d ,fa[h
b,fov l J / jrifjh rifv h m;? vmav [,f? tdraf y:wufc?hJ ”
jrifjh rifuh tzGm;jcHK&J@wrl armif0rf;uG. J orD;/ bef@ayG;uke;f &GmxJwiG f tzGm;jcHKwd@k
aqGrsKd;todkif;t0dkif;u &Gmwydkif;xJwGif wpkwa0;wnf; aexdkif=uonf? jrifhjrifhu
tdraf y:qifo h @kd wufa&mufvmcJu h m tzGm;a': jcKH teD;wGif 0ifxikd v f u
kd o
f nf? tzGm;u jrifjh rifu h kd
em;vnf o G m ;jyD ? paumwcsyf u jrif h j rif h vuf x J w G i f y gvmuwnf ; u qef v m
acs;rSe;f odvu kd of nf? wae@vyk w f ae@pm; &ke;f &if;qHcwfjzpfaeonfh b0xJwiG f reufpm npm
54
tv#irf rDw S mudk odjyD;om;? xd@k a=umifyh if tzGm;jcHKu jrifjh rift h wGuf xrif;a=umfwyJv G myd@k z@kd
oD o D u d k atmf r S m vd k u f j cif ; jzpf o nf ? =urf ; jyif a y: xd k i f c svd k u f j yD ; wmeS i f h jrif h j rif h u
pm;aumif;aomufaumif;atmifajymawmhwmyJ?
“ OD;=uD;udyk J a':=uD;u wcsed v f ;kH owd&/ vGr;f aeawmhwmyJ? om;"gwyf u kH kd =unf/h
OD;=uD;"gwyf u kH kd =unfjh yD; tjrJwrf;owd&aewm? w&m;ESiahf jzyg a':=uD;&m? aysmufaomol
&Sm&ifawG@qakd yr,f/h aoaomol=um&ifarhowJ?h usruawmh w&m; ESiyhf aJ jzwmyJ?”
tzGmjcHKu "gwyf u kH m;csyaf wGukd =unfah eonfh t=unfu h kd &kyof rd ;f um tdrf a&S@
wvif;uGux f w J iG f aumufqaG eonfh rif;vGiw f @kd vpl u
k kd pdu
k af i;=unfjh yefonf? jrifjh rifu h rkq;kd r/
touf a v;q,f a usmf & H k y J & S d a o;w,f ? rk q d k ; zd k at;armif E S i f h wd w f w d w f y k e f ;
ESpyf g;oGm;ae=uonfukd tzGm;uodjy;D om;? pdwx f w J iG f vdKS ufueJ ylavmif qd@k wufomG ;onf?
a&aE;G=urf;yk*u H kd vSr;f ,lrKS wfaomuf&if; jrifjh rifu h kd wvH;k csi;f wke@f jyef ajym=um;avonf?
“ a':=uD;ESijhf rifjh rifEh iS u hf rwl=ubl;uJ@G / jrifjh rifh ta=umif;udk a':=uD;uodjyD;om;/
wdu k q f ikd wf mESihf ajym&tH;k r,f/ jrifjh rifh pdwx f rJ mS u aooGm;&SmjyDjzpfwhJ igw h l jrifhjrifh&J@cifyGef;
cifarmifrsKd;u &SdcsifrS &Sdawmhr,f? tpm;xdk;jyD; jrifhjrifhu arhypfvdkufjyD 'Dawmh jrifhjrifhu
ajzomwmaygu h , G ?f igu 'Dvrkd [kwb f ;l ? igw@kd &mG om;awGrmS tck ab;=uyf eH=uyf tcuftcJawG
&SdvmjyD? rESpfu oef;a&$wdk@ ppfAdkvfawGa&;qJGwJh zJG@pnf;yHkudk t"rRaxmufcHcdkif;w,f?
vlawGuqef@usiyf gw,f ajymvnf; axmufcrH aJ wG vkyyf pfw,f? a[m 'DEpS rf mS 'DaumifawGyJ
Om%feD Om%feufawGEiS hf a&G;aumufyGJ vkyf =utH;k r,f? vGecf w hJ qhJ ,fEpS u f igw@kd rx J nfch =hJ uvd@k
igw@kd tpd;k &zJ@G r,fqakd wmh 'DacG; wd&pd m> efaf wGu zJ@G ciG rhf ay;yJ wwdik ;f jynfv;kH &J@ qENawGukd ppfzed yfEiS hf
eif;acsypfcJh=uw,f r[kwfvm;? jrifhjrifhyJ pOf;pm;=unfh ? b,favmufrsm; ,kwfrm
yufpufovJv@kd ? tckvnf; xyfjyD;,kwrf m=utH;k r,f? olw@kd urkd rJ xJb h ;l ? uef@uu G wf ,fq&kd if
igw@kd ukd &efol twdik ;f ,kwu f ef=uvdrrhf ,f? tckvakd yg[ h ,f ³³³³ wdik ;f jynfxrJ mS &GmxJrmS vlawG
tm;vH;k tcuftcJawG/ jy\emawG [kwv f m;/ tEdik u f sihf zdEydS &f rf;um;rSKawG }uHKae&wdik ;f
igth zd;k =u;D udk igowd&w,f? awmcdo k mG ;wJh om;awGukd owd&w,f? b0wav#mufv;kH tazmfreG f
tazmfaumif;jzpfcw hJ hJ igth zd;k =u;D udk ydjk y;D wrf;wrdw,f? olom &S&d if &GmxJrmS vli,fv=l u;D awGEiS hf
ajymqdak qG;aEG;=u/ rJ&u kH kd b,fvo kd mG ;=urvJ/ igw@kd &J@tonf;=um;u rJjym;awGukd ³³³³³³ ”
tzGm;u pum;tvsifudk acwWqdkif;ihHvdkuf&onf? wvif;uGif;xJwGif
aumufqGae=uaom rif;vGifOD;wdk@tzJG@ tdrfxJ0ifvm=uum tzGm;xHyg;odk@ a&muf
vmcJh=uaoma=umifhjzpfonf? rif;vGifOD;/ aZmfrdk; ESifh !dkrif;atmifwdk@ oHk;OD;// v,ful
vli,frsm;jzpfonfh aZmfr;kd ESihf !drk if;atmif wd@k u vm'fpm;vdu k o f rl sm;jzpfonf? u|J aumf
rsurf eS w f yfxm;onfh tzGm;u olw@kd o;kH a,mufukd ai;pdu k =f unfu h m apmapmu ajymvufp
pum;udk jyefqufonf?
55
“ igw@kd rx J nfzh @kd rJ&u kH o kd mG ;=u&rSm / igw@kd &ifxrJ mS &Sw d hJ pdwq f ENtwdik ;f rJxnfh &rSmyJ?
'DtwGuf tm;vH;k [m owW&d &dS vdrrhf ,f? owWrd &S&d if owWad rG;=u&vdrrhf ,f? t rSew f &m;udk
av;pm;zdk@/vufudkifxm;zdk@ owWdarG;=u&vdrfhr,f? wcsKd@u trSefw&m;ESifh opPmw&m;udk
vufudkifxm;=uw,f qdkayr,fh vl,kwfrmawG&J@ tE W&m,fvJawG@aum trSefw&m;wdk@
&d k a o&r,f h opP m w&m;wd k @ ud k pG e f @ ypf v d k u f = uaum? wcsKd @ u eif ; ajcvd k u f tJ ' g
owWad =umifw,fv@kd ac:w,f? opPmazmufvu kd w
f m jzpfw,f?”
tzGm;ajymonfudk em;pdkufaxmifae=uonf? tqmcH pm;&eftwGuf
a&mufvm=uonfh rif;vGifOD;wdk@ tm;vHk;onf tzGm;/.rSwfom;p&mrsm;xJwGif epf0if
oGm;=uonf? tzGm;rsuEf mS ay:rS t&dyt f a&mifrsm;udk vdu k v f tH uJcwfae=uv#u/f jymodk
(ZGefe0g&D) uat;jraomfvnf; aumuf&dk;rSKef aumuf&dk;prsm; vdrf;usefayyGae aom
olw@kd tm;vH;k rSm ac$s;oHu w&J&$ ?$J
“ igo h m;awG pOf;pm;=unfph rf;? aphaph awG;a&;a&;ay: r[kwb f ;l ? tm;vH;k
xif;xif;=uD;ay:wmuGJ@? eJeJav;yJ qufawG;=unfh / ajzay: jyD? touf&Sifzdk@ 'grSr[kwf
udk,fusKd;twGuf trSefw&m;opPmudk eif;acsypfvdkufwJhtcg b,frSmopPm&SdrSmawmhrvJ?
wefzdk;aum &SdygtHk;rvm;? tJ'Dvlwa,muf[m touf&Sifaew,f// tvum;vl yJvdk@
ajymae=uwm[m 'guakd jymwm? tm%mirf;irf; wufaewJh 'Dppftyk pf q k w kd hJ rmefewfawG[m
vlawGukd tJ'v D ykd J wefz;kd r&Sw d hJ opPmazmufawG / tvum;vlawG jzpfomG ;atmif twif;t"rR
EdkifxufpD;eif; vlawGudk vkyfypfvdkufw,f? b,favmufrsm; &ufpufvdkufovJuG,f?
om;wd@k pOf;pm; =unfph rf;uG,?f ”
tzGm;jcHKu ol@pum;udk wdueJ&yfxm;vdu k o f nf? olw@kd a&S@arSmufwiG f taiG@
wvlvx l aeaom xrif;a=umfy*k rH sm;udk vSr;f ,lvu kd =f uum tm;yg;w& olw@kdpm; vdu k =f uonf?
qmavmifrw G o f w d u f m wnvH;k a'goyl ek x f aeaom yd;k rsK;d taxmif/ taomif;udk jrifjh rifu h
tpma=uG;onf? vGefcJhaomnu qefbl;av; r&Sdojzifh qefvufusef bl;ESpfvHk;eD;yg;udk
csufjyKwfpm;&onf? uav;oHk;a,mufaum olryg xrif;r0cJh? ,ck tzGm;jcHKa=uG;aom
xrif;a=umfudk oHk;av;csuf0g;um qufwdkufrsKdcsypfvdkufonf? vnfacsmif;xJwGif
xrif;ueifaeonf// rsuv f ;kH wcsuf jyL;jyo J mG ;ao;onf? a&aEG;csr;f udk tdajErN ysuf vSr;f ,lum
armhaomufcsvu kd o f nf? xrif;a=umfrsm;rSm vnfacsmif;0uae tpmtdr0f rf;acgi;f =uD;xJo@kd
tdajENysuaf vmufatmif vdu k yf gacsmqif;oGm;onfukd =udwrf w dS cf pH m;vduk &f onf?
“ a[m'DrmS xrif;a=umfvu kd yf w GJ yJG useaf o;w,f? r#jyD;pm;vd@k &w,f?”
oDou D rD;zdak acsix f rJ S xGuv f mcJu h m 0dik ;f xJo@kd xrif;a=umfwyJG csay;vdu k o
f nf?
jrifjh rifu
h vdu k yf u GJ v kd rS ;f ,lum ol@y*k x H o J @kd oH;k av;ZGe;f ,ufxnfv h u kd o f nf? wu,fu
rsuv f ;kH jymaeaom qmavmifrw G of yd rf KS u olrudk tdjENeeJ yJ suaf pcJjh cif; jzpfonfr[kwv f m;?
56
yk*xH u J vufusex f rif;wvkyrf mS olr.v#may:wGif csKI d qdrI hf ae avonf? qmavmifrKS udk
olvckd pH m;ae=u&rnfh om;orD;oH;k a,mufukd zsuu f eJ owd &vdu k o f nf?
“ a':=uD;&,f qefwjynfavmuf acs;ygt;kH // oDo&D ,f tpfrudk qefacs;ygt;kH
xrif;eyfrrSefawmhwm =umjyD[? vkyfudkifpm;aomuf&wm bmwckrS tqifrajybl;?
aovdu k af wmh? ”
“ jrifjh rif&h ,f vlawGukd iwfaoatmif / 'kuo Q u k Q aygi;f pHEk iS hf =uHK&avatmifvyk af ewJh
tukov kd f 'kp&du k af umifukd qefa=uG;qyfovdk jyefqyf=u&vdrrhf ,f a[h// =uHK=udKufaewdik ;f
qyfae&rSmyJ? aemufxyf av;ig;ajcmufvqd&k if a&G;aumufyGJ usm;yg;pyf xJ0if&awmhr,f?
igw@kd owW&d &dS dS a=u;G qyf&rSmyJ [kwv f m;? xif;acGr=uKH / a&cwfawmh=uKH jyaD yg[ h m? wdu k yf aGJ wGxrJ mS
toufay;oGm;=uwJo h al wG/ &[ef;ausmif; om;awG/ axmifxahJ &mufaejyD t!Si;f yef;cHae&wJh
tusOf;om;awG twGuf igwdk@u tdrfrSmaejyD;awmh ESpfqa=uG;qyf&vdrfhr,f? cufwmu
'DcsKyftzJ@G uvlawGu &GmawGzufukd wa,mufrS a&mufrvm=ubl;? &Gmom;awGeiS w hf ikd yf ifv@kd
aqG;aEG;vd@k bmwckrS rvky=f ubl;//
“ a':=uD;&,f 'D&mG u OD;awmifv;kH ausmw f @kd / ol@om;jrat;wd@k / pd;k aX;wd@k t
,kww f rmawGu olw@kd q&mawG jrKd @utm%m&Siaf wG&@J tvdu k stwdik ;f rSeyf gb h &k m;/ [kwyf gb h &k m;
vky=f uygvrd rhf ,f? wae@ab;awG@=uygvrd rhf ,f? vlxak rwWmudk &xm;wJh vlawGr[kwv f m;?
=unfo h mae? r=umawmhb;l ?”
jrifjh rifh ajymajymqdq k Ekd iS hf tdrx
f rJ S xGuo f mG ;cJo h nf? tdrt f jyifo@kd a&mufomG ; jyD?
tzGm;u ajzmifrh wfreS u f efwv hJ rf;udk igw@kd av#muf&r,f? olw@kd u aumufusp, f w k rf mwJh
vrf;udak v#muf=uvdrrhf ,f ³³³³ [kvrS ;f atmfajymvdu k o f nf? oDou D awmh jrifjh rifah jymoGm;onfh
txJwiG f OD;ausmufv;kH ausmEf iS hf jrat;wd@k ygvmonfukd owd xm;vdu k of nf? pdwx f w J iG f
tcsOaf yguu f m wcsujf yKH ;vdu k rf od nf? rif;vGiOf ;D wd@k vpl u k rl a&aE;G=urf;aomufq?J aq;vdyrf ;D
&J&x J atmif aomuf=uqJ? aZmfr;kd u tzGm;&,f u|eaf wmfw@kd twGuf pdwcf s? a=uG;awGu eJeJ
aem aem r[kwfbl;? &mZ0ifa=uG;awGudk u|efawmfwdk@ qyf=u&rSmbJ? tzGm;ajymovdk
owW&d &dS EdS iS hf a=uG;qyf&rSmbJ[k tH=udww f if;um qdv k monf? !drk if;atmifu aq; vdyu f kd
rD;cd;k aysmuf &SKd ufvu kd jf yD;rS
“ tzGm; 'DaumifawG u|eaf wmfw@kd EiS hf awG@rmS yg? &GmxJrmS u|eaf wmfw@kd vkd yJ rJ&u kH kd
ta&mufoGm;jyD; uef@uGufrJ/ qef@usifrJxnfh=urSm? rESpfu twdkif;yJayghAsm? 'gayr,fh
'Dwcgawmh qef@usirf aJ wG b,fEpS Of ;D xnfw h ,fqw kd m u|eaf wmfw@kd uvnf; a=umfjimr,fAsm?
b,fvdkbJjzpfap tzGm;&,f wenf;enf;ESifh u|efawmfwdk@ qENudk xkwfazmf&rSmyJAsm?
tzG m ;ajymjywm/ qH k ; rwmud k om;wd k @ em,l y gw,f ? tzG m ;ajymovd k y J 2007 rS m
toufaoG;ay;cJ=h uwJh rsuEf mS udk u|eaf wmfw@kd axmufxm;&rSmayg?h ”
57
tzGm;u usKH @usKH @xikd af e&mrS anmif;vmojzifh ae&mjyifvu kd o f nf? tdrwf ikd f udk
tomt,m rSDxm;vdkufjyefonf? i,f&G,fpOfu tcsdef&Spfq,f tpdwfaps;awmif; udk
rjywf&Gufum aps;a&mif;cJh&ojzifh '%foifhum ,ckudkif;!GwfaeavjyD? tdrfwdkifwGif
rSx
D m;aomfvnf; cg;uudik ;f jrJuikd ;f v#u?f
“ aemifwcsdefrSm pm&if;&Sif;=uwJhtcg 'Dt&dkif;tpdkif; acG;wd&dp>mefawGudk
tm%mjrJatmifvyk af y;cJw h hJ vlawGxrJ mS rygb;l ? ud, k v f ufc,H =kH unfxm;wJh opPmw&m;udk
azmufzsuw f v hJ al wGxrJ mS rif;wd@k wawG rygb;l qdu k m oufaojyvd@k &wmayg?h Ed@k r@kd &if rif;wd@k [m
vl,w k rf mawGEiS hf trSKwJG wJw G nf;jzpfaevdrrhf ,f? wdik ;f jynf&@J w&m; cHawG rjzpfapeJ@? wdik ;f jynf&@J
opPmazmufawG jzpfomG ;&if rif;wd@k avmuf,w k rf mwJh vl awG b,f&ydS gawmhrvJ?”
tzGm;jcHK. pum;vH;k rsm;onf tdref &H jH zifh yJw h ifweG ;f wduk o f mG ;onf? yJwh ifoH u
wd;k wd;k oJorJ KS erf o J mG ;aomfvnf; olw@kd&ifukd txyfxyf&u kd cf wfaeavonf? tzGm; .ajr;jzpfonfh
rif;vGiOf ;D u tzGm;udk [movkyv f u kd of nf? ol@ab;wGif &Sad eonft h zGm;udk odr;f ayG@um
jyL;wl;jyw J J vkyaf vonf?
“ a=umufygw,f cifAsm;? u|eaf wmf w&m;cHrvkyyf g&apeJ@ cifAsm;? wvif;uGi;f xJrmS
a=uG;awGqyfvu kd &f vd@k 0rf;pmtwGuf pyg;waphawmif ruserf mS udk a=umufyg w,f a': jcHK&J@?
a': jcHKorD;u pm;zd@k aomufz@kd yd@k vu kd w f ahJ iGxu hJ u|eaf wmfukd aiGacs; ygt;kH ajcHK&J@?”
tzGm;u a[haumifav; v$wyf g[/hJ emw,fa[h [katmf[pf&if; =urf;jyif ay:od@k
wjird jhf ird hf vJusomG ;onf? aZmfr;kd wd@k u &Dvu kd =f uonf? rif;vGiOf ;D u tzGm;. acs;G cH (atmufc)H
tuFs t D w d x f rJ mS aiG &Srd &Sd [dEk KdS uf 'DEKdS uf vdu k pf rf;aejyefonf? tzGm;u a[haumifa& tJ'D
aiGwq,fyJ&Sdw,f[? 'DntwGuf rD;xGef;zdk@ a&eHqD r0,f Edkifawmhbl;? arSmifxJrSm
ikww f w k x f ikd af e&awmhrmS a[h [ktzGm;u wwGww f w G af jym onf? ajr; tzGm;ESpaf ,muf.
ajymoHqo kd rH sm;xJwiG f &,fp&m [moygrvmyJ idck sif p&mrsm;ygvmcJah vonf?
!drk if;atmifEiS rhf if;vGiOf ;D wd@k wvif;uGi;f xJo@kd jyefa&mufvmcJ=h uonf? w
csed w
f nf;rSmyif a': jraomif;eSihf a':at;wifw@kd u tzGm;xHo@kd a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? oDoED iS hf
tzGm;xHrS tajzvm,l=ujcif;jzpfonf? jrat;ESifhoDoDwdk@udk tdrfaxmifcs xm;zdk@twGuf
tajzray;&ao;? xd k @ a=umif h tzG m ;ES i f h o D o D x H o d k @ =um;yJ G p m; a': jraomif ; wd k @
a&mufvmcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf// oDoDu jrat;udk vufxyfzdk@vufcHvdkufjyD qdkwmESifh
a&G;aumufyt GJ jyD;wGif r*Fvmaqmif&ef pDpOfrmS jzpfonf? a&G;aumufy. GJ atmifyEGJ iS t
hf wl
r*Fvmusi;f yrSm jzpfw,f[q k okd nf?
tzGm;jcHKu olw@kd EpS af ,mufukd a&aEG;=urf;jzifh {nfch o H nf? txufArmjynf
jrif;jcHjrdK@wiG f tajccsaexdik af om orD;vwf a':EG@J at;u tarhtwGuf (tzGm;jcHK t wGuf
vpOfaxmufyaHh eus aiGa=u;ESit hf wl oDou D ykd g wm0ef,x l m;ojzifh tzGm;jcHKwd@k ajr;tzGm;rSm
58
oufoufomom &yfwnfEikd =f uonf? tzGm;u ajr;r oDou D kd vSr;f ac: um tnmxef;v#ucf J
,lvm&ef rSmvdu k o f nf? tzGm;ESiahf tmifo, G f yJpG m;ESpaf ,muf rSm [dw k pfayguf 'Dwpfayguf
pum;vufqu kH sv#uf ?
wu,fu a': jraomif;ESihf a':at;wifw@kd rmS oDot D ajzudk =um;csiv f jS yD?
aphpyfa=umif;vSrf;jcif;udk oDoDu vufcHvdkufjyDqdkwmESifh rsufESmaumif;&=urnf? "gwf
ajr=oZmawG ta=u;G 0,fciG hf &=urSmjzpfygw,f? xd@k tjyif v,form;wa,muf 0,f,cl iG &hf onfh
ig;tdwfxuf oHk;q0,f,lcGifh&=urSm jzpfonf? vufajymif; vufv$J jyef a&mif;onfESifh
tjrwfceG &f &Srd mS jzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifyh if oDox D rH S tajzud=k um;csif vSjyD?
tzGm;uawmh ol@ajr;r. pdwEf v S ;kH xJrh S arwWmw&m;twdik ;f pdwq f EN twdik ;f jzpfapzd@k
ajzmifzh sajymqd&k rkH v S I J$ twif;tusyrf qH;k jzwfapcJ/h / tzGm;jcHKu acwfrDS onfh tzGm;tdw k pfO;D ?
a&S;&d;k pGJ oufoufr[kw?f touft&G,f tdrk if;&if;a&mfvm avav b0u &ifu h suv f mum
bmrqdk ydik ;f jzwfrKS &v dS mcJo
h nf? pmzwfonfh tavh txxuf a&'D,kd owif;awGem;axmifum
EdkifiHa&; A[kokwawG rSwfom;ol? a&'D ,dkrS Armpum;jzifh xkwfv$ifhcsufrsm;udk
ae@pOf e m;axmif r S w f o m;ol ? tcgtcG i f h = uH K vmwd k i f ; om; orD ; ajr; jrpf r sm;ud k
rS w f o m;p&mrsm;ajymjyaeus tzG m ;td k ? cif y G e f ; onf rqH k ; yg;rS D u wnf ; uyif
xdt k avhtxrsm;u &Sad ecJo h jzifh a&S@omG ;aemufvu kd f nD cJo
h nfh tzd;k tzGm;ZeD;armifE?HS
vGecf ahJ om&SpEf pS u f v,form;awG wm0efuspyg;ray;tyfEikd cf o hJ nfh cifyeG ;f onf
OD;pdeEf iS hf v,form;awGukd jrKd @e,fyv k yd f tcsKyaf xmifxrJ S csucf si;f vGwaf y;zd@k twGuf tzGm;jcKH EiS hf
&Gmol&mG om; / e,foel ,fom;awGu awmif;qdjk y;D tm%m&Siaf wGukd wdu k yf 0JG ifco hJ nf r[kwv f m;?
tzGm;jcHKu xdu k oJh @kd acwfrcDS ohJ nfh v,forl =uD;?
“ uJ xdik yf gt;kH orD;&,f?a':=uD;wd@k EiS v hf nf; pum;ajymygt;kH ? orD;xGut f vmudk
apmif h a e=uwm? r*F v maqmif j yD ; &if a,mif a emuf q H w H k ; yg a,muF s m;aemuf
vdu k af e&r,fqakd wmh tzGm;udk twd;k csjyD; jyKpkae&wmrsm;vm;? orD;u &kyu f vnf; acsm
q,fwef;txd pmoifczhJ ;l awmh ynmt&nftcsi;f uvnf;&S?d &d;k om;wJh *k%u f vnf;&S?d 'ga=umifh
jrat;rdbrsm;uvnf; a&$ig;usyfom;ESifh wifawmif;wmayghuG,f? olwdk@ajymwmudk
em;axmif v d k @ vd r R m w,f q d k & if v,f i g;{u cJ G a 0ay;r,f w J h ? r*F v maqmif
vufz@GJ a=u;awGuv kd nf; ukeu f saiGuvGI J tuke, f w l ?hJ ay;tH;k rSmwJ?h uJ orD; u b,favmuf
uHaumif;vdu k w f m?”
oDoDu xef;v#ufcJyk*Hudk a&aEG;=urf;vifyef;xJ tomt,mcsxm;&if;
tzGm;ESi, hf OS uf m usLH @usLH @auG;auG; xdik v f u kd of nf? &$e;f yaom rsuv f ;kH tpHjk zifh jyKH ;xm;vduk o f nf?
aqmif;eHeufcif; ESif;qrf;pHy,fyGifhES,f vef;IwifhIaeavjyD? tzGm;u wvif;uGufay:
usa&mufaeaom ol@t=unfhudk qJGESKwfodrf;,lum eH&Hay:rS "gwfyHkum;csyfrsm;qDodk@
59
yd@k xm;vdu k o f nf?
“ uJ orD;av; tzGm;udk vmrSriJ@S EiS hf / orD; tdraf xmifjyKoGm;&ifvnf; orD; tpfr
eD e D & S d a erS m yJ a v? orD ; vG w f v G w f v yf v yf p Of ; pm; qH k ; jzwf z d k @ txyf x yf a jymcJ h j yD ?
pOf;vnf;pOf;pm;wwfjyD? qHk;jzwfwwfjyD? 'Dawmh orD;&J@ udk,fydkifoabmxm;udkom
ajymjyvdu k af yawmh? [kwv f m; / orD;&,f? ”
oDou D acgi;f armhxm;onf? &Si;f oef@pyH ,fyiG hf rsuEf mS ay:wGirf l yef;Eka&mif
jzwfajy;aeonf? ol@qHk;jzwfcsuf tajzrsm;udk wvHk;csif; wnf=unfpGmjzifh ajymonf?
tdraf xmifa&;udk usr rpOf;pm;ao;bl;[lI ESp=f udrq f ifI h ajymrdv#uo f m; jzpfomG ;onf?
“ ausmif;aezuf oli,fcsi;f jrwfat;ESihf ol@rb d awG[m w&Gmwnf;rSm wa&
wnf;aomufae=uawmh wa,mufta=umif; wa,muf odjyaD eygjy?D em;vnfae=u ygjyaD v?
jrat;ESihf tdraf xmifjyKzd@k usr rpOf;pm;awmhb;l vd@k yJ ajymay;yg? orD;vnf; jrat;udak wG@&if
usr oabmxm;udk at;at;aq;aq; ajymjyvdkufygr,f// tckudpPu jrat;rdbawGu
pum;urf;vSr;f wmjzpfw,f? wu,fv@kd jrat;ud, k w f ikd f u cspcf ifprkH ufjyD; tdraf xmifjyKzd@k
ajymvmonf h w d k i f a tmif jrat;ud k ausmif ; aezuf ol i ,f c sif ; w,muf x uf /
tdraf xmif&iS t f jzpf usrydjk yD; rpOf;pm;csib f ;l ? rpOf;pm;Edik f bl;? 'gygy?J ”
oDou D ajymIyif rjyD;ao;? a': jraomif;u rufv;kH ay;um xyfIxyfum
pOf;pm;cdik ;f aejyefonf? a':at;wifu igw@kd &&Srd ,fh tcGit hf a&;awG / tjrwftpGe;f awGu
oG m ;jyD & _ H ; jyD [l a omtawG ; jzif h ol @ &if b wf u d k zd x m;rd o nf ? oD o D u a':=uD ; wd k @ ud k
=um;uaqmif&u G af y;wJt h wGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f[q k ukd m pum;0dik ;f xJu xGucf mG vmcJo h nf?
oDoD wckpOf;pm;rdjyefonf? pdw"f gwaf wG rausreyf rcsirhf &JjzpfvmcJjh yef onf? rD;zdak qmifo@kd
cyf o G u f o G u f vS r f ; &if ; jrnf w rf ; vd k u f o nf ? “ orD ; &J @ tjzpf u d k tzd k ; ES i f h OD ; OD ; wd k @
vmjyD;jrifapcsiw f ,f? orD;[m a&$ig;usyo f m;yJ wefz;kd &So d vm;? orD;udkvm=unf=h uprf;yg? ”
[k vdSkufI jrnfwrf;vdkufonf// uGefvGefcJhjyDjzpfaom tzdk;ESifh awmxJa&mufaeaom
OD;av;jzpfou l kd txyfxyf wrf;waerdonf?
ae!dak pmif;aomtcg rif;vGiOf ;D aumufe,faeavjyD? vSn;f ay:wGif ol.
uav;ESpaf ,mufu atmf[pf uckeaf e=uv#uf ol.ajr; aumufe,faeaom wvif; uGi;f od@k
awmifa0S;udk axmufum axmufumjzifh azG;jcHKa&mufvmonf? oDoDu aemufrS
tajy;vdu k v f monf? tm;vH;k csujf yKwfjyD;jyD tzGm;&,f? npm pm;&ef toifh yJtzGm;&,f[k
qdu k m tzGm;aemufa=umzufo@kd a&mufvmonf? tzGm;. v,f&pS f {uudk rif;vGiOf ;D u
vufqifu h rf; vkyu f ikd af ejcif;jzpfonf// rif;vGiOf ;D u oDot D pfu?kd oDouD vSn;f aemufjrD;rS
v$m;ueJ ckew f ufvu kd of nf? olw@kd ta': vSn;f ay:a&muf vmcJo h jzifh uav;ESpaf ,mufrmS
ydI k aysmjf rL;oGm;=uonf?
60
oH;k av;ywf aumufe,fjyD;aomtcg pd;k aX;wd@k vlwpk wvif;uGi;f xJ a&muf
vmonf? reufu vufpm;vdkuf aumufqGay;cJh=uonfh aZmfrif;ESifh!dkrif;atmifwdk@
ra&S;raESmif;a&mufvmcJh=ujyefonf? b,f&uf b,fvrSm a&G;aumufyJG vkyfrnfudk
=udKwifra=umfjim&ao;? =udKwifrJ ay;&ef pm&if;aumufjcif;jzpfonf? rusef;rmolrsm;
tdkrif;rpGrf;olrsm; / ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh rJ&Hkodk@ rvmEdkfifrnfh olrsm;udk =udKwif pm
&if;aumuf&efjzpfonf? xdkrJrsm;udk ppftm%mydkifwdk@u aumufuspfvSpGm tydkifodrf;
,l&eftwGuf ,ckuJhodk@ tvdrfhwywf vmvkyfjcif;jzpfonf// rJ&Hkodk@ &Gmom;rsm; r
a&mufvmEdik af v ppftm%m&Siu f =udKufaf vyJ?
wvif;uGi;f a'giw hf iG f &yfaeaom tzGm;xHo@kd pd;k aV;wd@k wodu k u f a&mufcs vmonf/
/ oDou D ol@tpfukd rif;vGiOf ;D udk vufw@kd vu kd o f nf? armifErS ESpaf ,muf vSn;f ay:rS v$m;ueJ
ck e f q if ; um tzG m ;xH tajy;ES i f h a&muf v mcJ h = uonf ? aZmf r d k ; wd k @ uvnf ;
0dik ;f ywfxm;vdu k =f uonf? olw@kd vufxrJ S vlpm&if;pm&Guu f kd pd;k aV;u jzef@=unfh vdu k o f nf?
“ rJ&u kH kd rvmEdik w f v hJ l pm&if;xJrmS tzGm;jcHKESio hf oD u D x kd nfxh m;w,f? ”
pd;k aV;u xdo k @kd &w
G zf wfvu kd pf Of rif;vGiOf ;D rSm csucf si;f wke@f jyefvu kd of nf? rm
a=uma=um rmawmifawmif toHrsm;jzpfomG ;avonf?
“ b,fou l tzGm;ESiu hf sKyfnrD oDou D kd 'Dpm&if;xJrmS xnfv h u kd w
f mvJAsm”
“ OuUÏOD;awmifv;kH ausm”f
“ [ ææ ydik v f cS snv f m;uG”
aZmfr;kd atmifw@kd vpl u k 0dik ;f &,fvu kd =f uonf? igw@kd ajr;tzGm; aoroGm;ao;ygb;l [,f
ææ vd@k ajymvdu k pf Of w0g;0g; [m;wdu k &f ,farmoHonf wvif;uGi;f xJwiG f v#w H ufomG ;onf?
jrat;zcif OD;awmifvHk;ausmfu tzGm;ESifhoDoDudk tydkifwGufum rJ&Hkodk@ rvmEdkifonfh
vlpm&if;xJwGif xnfhxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? rJESpfrJudk t"rRodrf;ydkufxm;Edkif&eftwGuf
jrat;ESio hf oD wD @kd r*Fvm;aqmifz@kd =uKd wiftuGu&f u kd uf m aph pyfa=umif;vrf;jcif;vnf; jzpfonf?
wu,fu rJESpfrJudk tEdkifydkif;um odrf;,lzdk@ =udK;pm;jcif; jzpfonf? oDoDu a'gojzifh
&ifcek af eavawmhonf// toGirf wlv@kd tdro f rl jzpfEikd f rSe;f odIvnf; jrat;udk jiif;y,fcahJ =umif;
tzGm;udk ajymjyvdu k af wmhr,f[k a'go&if ckeo f jH zifh pdwx f aJ jymrdao;onf? OD;awmifv;kH ausmf
tdrw f iG f ac|;rwa,muftjzpf &yfwnf&efrvdak wmh? oDoD zsuu f eJ awG;vdu k rf pd Of &ifwckv;kH
yDwrd sm;v$r;f oGm;onf?
“ tJ'v D pl m&if;xJrmS xnfx h m;wJh tzGm;&J@trnfukd zsuaf y;yg? rJ&u kH kd tzGm;
oGm;Edik yf gw,f// roGm;Edik &f if xrf;pOfEiS hf vmcJyh gr,f? aemufaemif 'grsK;d udrk vkyzf @kd tzGm;u
wm;jrpfygw,fu, G ?f rESpu f 'Dvykd J rvdrw hf ywfEiS hf qef@usirf aJ wGukd axmufcrH J vkyyf pfvu kd w
f ,f?
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61
wGux f m;=uw,f? tzGm; raocifrmS opPmw&m;udk qkyu f ikd x
f m;r,f? tzGm;u tckb0
ae0ifcsed af &mufaejyD? tzGm;taeESihf tpGr;f ukef vkyEf ikd f wmqdv k @kd qENtwdik ;f rJxnfah &;yJ
&Sad wmhw,f? rSex f m;uG@J ? rif;vnf;vly/J aorsK;d yJ/ wae@ao&rSmyJ? raocifajzmifrh wfreS u f efwv hJ l
tjzpfe@J touf&iS pf rf;yg? owW&d &dS dS t ouf&iS =f uprf;yg? ao=uprf;yg? tJ'v D q kd &kd if vljzpf&wm
t&om&Sw d ,fu, G ?hf ”
!drk if;atmifrmS vlpm&if;awGukd pl;pl;0g;0g; vdu k =f unfh / vdu k zf wf&if; ol@tzd;k trnfukd
oGm;awG@onf?
“ a[m'DrmS u|eaf wmftzd;k OD;r*Fvm? tzd;k emrnfuv kd nf; rJ&u kH kd rvmEdik w f hJ
vlpm&if;xJrmS xnfx h m;w,f? b,fvjkd zpf=uwmvnf;[m? jy;D cJw h hJ q,fEpS u f vnf; rJ
xnfch =hJ ujy;D jy?D vlxt k oH=um;u rJjym;awGukd wckrt S av; rxm;cJb h ;l ? tck=uKd ajym xm;r,f?
rJ&u kH kd a&mufatmifomG ;r,f? qef@usirf J ay;&Hu k v$v J @kd tjcm;vkypf &m r&Sd bl;? b,f ppfAv kd u
f rkd S
usKyfw@kd r,H=k unfb;l Asm? ”
!drk if;atmif. &,farmvdu k of nfh toHxw J iG f oa&mfou H ygaeonf? &Gm
tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@twGif;a&;rSL; pdk;aX;ESifhomarmifwdk@rSm bmajymvdk@ajym&rSef;rod? &Suf
uef;uef;jzpfae=uonf? pd;k aX;u xdu k ohJ @kd oa&mf=u/ uavmf=u/ rsuEf mS zH;k cGmcsvu kd f vdrrhf nf[k
vH;k 0rxifxm;? vGecf o hJ nfh q,fEpS u f rJay;cJ=h u/ xdrk aJ wGukd eif;ajcypfc=hJ u onfukd rarhaysmufyJ
acsyajymqdkae=uonfudk tHh=oxdwfvef@oGm;onf? acgif;iHk@Ivl pm&if;udk =unfh&mrSm
pd;k aX;acgi;f armhum !drk if;atmifEiS rhf if;vGiOf ;D udk wke@f jyefonf?
“ OD;ausmufv;kH ausmaf um igyg apwemESihf taumif;qH;k vkyaf y;wmyg?”
pd;k aX;u avoH aysmah ysmjh zifh ckcaH csyonf?
“ cufwmu cifAsm;wk@d apwemESihf vkyo f r# ppfAv kd af wG twGucf sn;f yJ? ol
wd@k twGucf sn;f yJ taumif;qH;k jzpfjzpfomG ;w,f? zd;k olawmfvakd ygh [kwv f m;? rsupf v d nfavav
qef & avavaygh ? xrif ; iwf / tvk y f v uf r J h / 'k u Q a &muf a ewJ h qif ; &J o m; twG u f
tqd;k 0g;qH;k jzpfaew,f? wcsuu f av;awmif aumif;rvmbl;Asm? b,fvkd apwemvnf;Asm?
&Si;f prf;ygt;kH ? ”
pd;k aX;wd@k oH;k a,muf &Gm.ta&S@zufqo D @kd vSnx hf u G o f mG ;=uonf? “ wckck jzpfvm&if
igwdk@wm0ef r,lbl;? ” qdkonfh ajcmufvSef@vdkufonfh pum;wcGef;udk pum; 0dkif;xJwGif
pd;k aX;xm;cJo h nf? txufzm; atmufzd pd;k aX;onf q&m&if; awmifv;kH ausm. f ajcvSr;f udk
tvGefyJ rSDcJhavjyD? tzGm;jcHKu pdk;aX;udk oem;p&maumif;a=umif; ajymonf? aZmfrdk;ESifh
!drk if;atmifw@kd u b,fEh , S f pd;k aX;udk oem;ae&ovJ[k tzGm;udk ar;onf?
“ atmf ææ ajr;wd@k &,f? vl@b0rSm xrif;wvky/f [if;wvkyf pm;&zd@k twGuf
txufzm; atmufzd vky&f w,f? vltrsm; pufqw k &f &HG mS wJh r[kwrf w&m;wmudk vkyf &w,f?
62
prf ; oyf y G J
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=urf;=urf;upm;vkd h/ npfywfwmwkd hqkdwmu abmvkH;yGJjyD;oGm;&if tJ'Dt&mawG
tm;vkH;ukdarhoGm;jyD; aemufqkH;tajzuawmh tEkdifeJ@t&_H;ay:rlwnfaeygw,f? 'Dae@
upm;wJyh rJG mS &_;H oGm;wJt h oif;buf ajcawmfawmfomw,f? jy;D awmh tcsw d f tqufvrJ w d ,f?
ajcvJou G w f ,f? 'gayrJh *k;d uk&d atmifroGi;f Ekid w f mukd b,fvjdk rifv?J ”
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d vl? ? “[kwfygw,fcifAs? (*dk;oGif;) zkd hvJvdkygw,f? aemufwck
ta&;=uD;qkH;u qkH;jzwfcsufcswJhpdwfu ykdta&;ygygw,f? 'Dae hyGJukd jyef=unfhr,f qkd&if
*k;d oGi;f cGi&hf aeyg&ufeJ h csw D /Hk cswjHk zpfaevkd h tysucf vH u dk wf mawGu rsm;aecJh wmawG &h w,f?
'ga=umifh &aewJhtajctaewckrSm *kd;xJukd uefoifhruefoifh qkH;jzwfcsufcsEkdif&ygr,f?
awGa0aevdk &h &dS if *k;d oGi;f cGirhf &bJ wzufajcxJudk a&muf oGm;ygr,f? 'ga=umifh qk;H jzwfcsuu f
ta&;=uD;w,fvdk q h vdk w dk myg?”
txuf y g pum;rsm;onf tm&S E k d i f i H a bmvk H ; toif ; ES i f h tmz&d u Ek d i f i H
abmvk;H toif;wkd h ,SOjf yKdiu f pm;onfh yGpJ OfwckwiG f wDAt DG pDtpOfraS =unmolw a,mufEiS hf
abmvk;H yGJ tuJcwfow l dk t
h jyeftvSeaf jymqk=d uwJph um;rsm;jzpfygonf?
txuf y gpum;rsm;uk d avh v m=unf h r nf q k d y gu 2rsKd ; 2pm;,l q Ek d i f p &m&S d
onf[ak wG;jrifryd gonf?
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kd mu tJ'v D al vmuf oem;p&m / &GH p&maumif;wm
b,f&ydS gh rvJu, G ?f ”
ae!dk&Dp/ aumif;uifxJwGif cJom;a&miftarSmifESifh vdarRmf&ifh teDa&mif wdk@u
tvkt,uf tm;jydKifae=uonf? wntwGuf cJom;a&mifu v$r;f jcHKxdik ;f ydu k f xm;vdrrhf nf?
tm&HkOD;wGif vdarRmfa&mifu ,Sufoef;a0qmvmrSm jzpfonf? tzGm;tdku olwdk@udk
a=umcdik ;f um awmifa0S;udk axmuf&if; tdrzf ufqo
D @dk vSnjhf yefvmcJh onf? !drk if;atmifw@kd rmS
w0g;0g; / w[m;[m; yGu J sae=uqJ? armifp;kd csdef
azazmf0g&D/ 21/ 2010
63
yxrtrsKd ; tpm;rS m tvk y f w ck v k y f a eonf u k d vl t rsm;od p &mrvk d /
tvky. f tusK;d tjrwf (&vm'f)uko d mv#if odvo dk nf[q k &dk ygrnf?
'kw, d trsK;d tpm;rSm tcGiahf umif;wcktm; tcGi=hf uKHcahJ omf tok;H csEidk f aom rSeu f ef
jrefqefonfh tqk;H tjzwfuadk y;Edik af om Om%f&nf&&dS efvt dk yfonf [kq&dk ygrnf?
vuf&=dS uKHawG ah e&onfh tajctaeay:wGif csw D cHk swjHk zpfum tqk;H tjzwfwckct k m;
rcsEidk rf t D csed wf iG f tcsed u f ek v f eG o
f mG ;ygu aemifw&rnfrmS rSeyf gayonf? TtajctaewGif
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qk H ; jzwf c suf r sKd ; csEk d i f r nf r S m taotcsmyif j zpf o nf ? abmvk H ; yG J u J h o k d @ yif
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jzpfayvdrrhf nf? tqk;H tjzwfray;Ekid b f J awGa0aeaomwku d pf pfrLS ;onf rdru d , dk u f dk ,kH =unfrr_ &Sd
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jyefrnfenf;? ”
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tajzwckuadk &maxG;um jywwfygonf? wzufom;tm; oHo,xuf rdru d ,dk u hf dk r,k=H unfru _
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64
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wnf ; r[k w f ywf 0 ef ; usif . E_ d ; aqmf r _ a =umif h v m;? rd r d . ,k H = unf r _ a =umif h v m;?
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bmomw&m;wck&jdS cif; twdtvif;&Sad ejcif;a=umifh Oyrmtaejzifh wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf?
tajymif;tvJwkd@ tv#iftjrefjzpfysufcJhaom EkdifiHwkdhtm; waphwapmif;
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=uygonf? jrefrmEkid if w H iG f ,ae x h ufxw d idk f rajymif;vJEidk af o;onfrmS rjywfom;jcif;ESihf
rdru d , dk uf rdk ,k=H unfjcif;wkd ah =umifh jzpfonfh vufawG h tjzpf tysurf sm;u oufaocHaeygonf?
88 ta&;awmfyo Hk nf twkid ;f twmwckxd atmifjrifr&_ cJah omfvnf; yef;wkid o f @dk
ra&mufco hJ nfrmS awGa0r_a=umifyh ifjzpfonf? a&$0ga&mifawmfveS af &;wGif oHCm awmfrsm;rS
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tvGeef nf;aejcif;a=umif[ h k ESyd uf yG zf suq
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65
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&,l&eftwGuftm;xkwfaeygonf? 4if;wkd hcif; xm;aomZmwfpifwGif pdwfat;vufcs
ujyEkdifa&;twGuf rnfonfhvlwefpm;ukd rqkd pnf;&kH;aeayonf? &ckdifjynfe,fwGif;
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tm;xkwaf eyg.?
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rw&m;toif ; a=ujimcH & zG , f & m&S d o nf ? xk d t vm;tvmrsm;uk d tef t ,f v f ' D
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teft,fvf'Donf &nfrSef;csufESifhyef;wkdifukd OD;wnfum tvkyfjzpfatmif (&vm'f)
jyKvkyaf yawmhrnf?
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jywf o m;csuf c k d i f r cd k i f / vG w f v yf r _ t wG u f rd r d u k d , f u d k yd k i f q k d i f q k H ; jzwf E k d i f = uygap?
aZmfaZmfEkdif
( 4/ 4/ 2010)
66
zGwfusm; eJh tm&Susm;
rif;rif;odef;
(1)
all station all stand by qdo k nfh zdvpfyikd v f rl sKd ; uke;f ywft&m&Sd 2 . toHu
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us,favmifvGef;onfh oabFmtif*sifpufoH}uD;u ydkif;avmh. trdef hay;oH
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jzwfjyD; yJhpifbufudk usaemfa&mufoGm;awmh oabFmuyfrnfh em*dk,m qdyfurf;udk
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w&S&J JS toHw@kd u usaemfu h kd c&D;OD;}udKjyKavonf//
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vkyyf ukH ikd yf vkH yk jf y&if; usaemfh tm&Hw k kd o
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=um;cJo h nf// vlopfrsm;udv k nf; usaemfwkd . h oabmwlncD surf &bJ rydk &h efajym =um;cJyh gonf/
odk ah omf vlopfykd v h #if vdik ;f a=u; rsKd ;rsKd ;rsurf suaf v; &wma=umifh oabFm om;
vla[mif;udkpmcsKyfoufwrf;rjynfhcif qGJcs+yD; vlopfwifcsifonfrSmvnf; ath*sif@ wdk h.
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awmifudk&D;,m;EdkifiH tif*|ef;qdyfurf;wGif oabFmuyfaewkef; a&mufvm =uonf//
67
aocsmonfu aemufqyd u f rf;wckwiG f vuf&o dS abFmay:rS ESpaf ,muf jyef &awmhrnfjzpfonf/
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ywfoufvmv#if OD;aqmifwwfonfh usaemfukd rjzpf rae jyefykd ah wmhrnfrmS aocsmvSonf/
(2)
usaemfwkd o h abFmay:wGif uy`wed f / uke;f ywft&m&S/d tif*sief , D mcsKyf wd@k onf
awmifudk&D;,m;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfI usef'kwd,t&m&Sdrsm;rSm zdvpfydkifvlrsdK;rsm;jzpfonf//
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jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm; trsm;qH;k cHpm;=u&onf//
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jrefrmEdik if u H awmh tm&Srqdx k m;ESihf ta&S ah wmiftm&S qdo k nfh tpdwt f ydik ;f av;rSmyif
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tenf;ESit hf rsm; xdv k ul kd &du
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zdvpfydkifvlrsdK;rsm;onfvnf; urf;qif;vnfywfcGifh &=uonf// aysmf=u yg;=uonf//
oabFmay:wGif xrif;csu/f oHacs;acgu/f =urf;wdu k /f oef &h iS ;f a&; vky=f u&onfh usaemf wd@k
vlrsKd ;rsm;rSm urf;qif;vnfywfciG hf olwkd ah wGvkd r&=u// jrefrmvlrsKd ; qdo k nfh jzpfwnf r_u
usaemfwkd u h kd abmifyw d xf m;onf// wm;qD;xm;onf// vlcsi;f twlwl tcGit hf a&; awGukd
pnf;jcm;xm;onf//
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trsm;pkuawmh rauseyf=u//“urf;rqif;/ rvnf&awmhvnf; ydu k qf uH ek o
f ufomwmaygu h mG
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tavsm@ay;vdu k &f jcif;onf vl.arG;&myg *k%o f ud mQ udk xdyg;ak ponf qdo k nfh tcsuu f kd
usaemfwkd ah umif;pGm rodcahJ vovm; // 'grrS [kwf rodcsiaf ,mifaqmifaecJah vovm; //
tusiyhf suf jcpm;jcif;awG xlajymonfh usaemfwkd h arG;zGm;}uD;jyif;&mywf0ef;usiw f iG f
“aiG ES i f h *k % f o d u Q m ”ud k aps;aygaygjzif h vJ v S , f a eol r sm; 'if ; =urf ; jynf h a eonf / /
68
usyw f nf;r_qo kd nfh vdi_ ;f wHy;kd atmufwiG f vlwa,muf. arG;&myg *k%o f ud mQ wdk o
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vmEdik jf cif;r&Sad wmh//
(3)
wae Yh 0rf;omp&m c&D;pOfwck a=umifh usaemfwkd t h m;vH;k aysmaf e=uonf// wpfv
av;}urd x f ufrenf; awmifu&kd ;D ,m;ESihf *syefEikd if H odk ah cguw f ek @f acgujf yef qDwifae&mrS xdik 0f rf
odk h qDwif&efomG ;&rnf qdo k nfh owif;yifjzpfonf// trSew f u,fvnf; xdik 0f rfokd o h mG ;cJo
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[k qdak vonf//
t0wftpm;opfav;rsm;jzifh ausmah eatmif jyifqif0wfqifxm;onfh urf;qif;rnfh
usaemfwkd h tm;vH;k pdwrf aumif;pGmjzifh xrif;pm;cef;xJwiG f xdik af epOf awmifu&kd ;D ,m; vlrsKd ;
uy`wed u f uifrcsD csOzf wfojH zifh “vma[ h um;a&mufae+yD oGm;&atmif ” [k t*Fvyd o f H
0J0jJ zifh zdvpfyikd f vlrsKd ;t&m&Srd sm;udk vSr;f atmfac:vdu k o
f nf// xdik af eonfh usaemfwkd u h kd rcsd
+yHK; wcsu+f yHK;jy+yD; zdvpfyikd af wG ygomG ;onf// usaemfwkd jh refrmrsm;&ifxJ u|&J ikd ;f taumif
wpfaxmif/ wpfaomif;ru 0ifcwfovdk a'gorsm;ajAmif;qefaeonf// oabFmay:wGif
usaemfw@kd jrefrmrsm;om useaf wmhonf// aemufq;kH oabFmudk armif;xGu&f eftxd a'go
jzpf=uonf// jrefrm csu}f uD; (xrif;csu)f u wm;ojzifh usaemfwkd h vufavsmh vdu k &f onf//
usaemfvnf; raeEdik rf xdik Ef ikd jf zpfum ab;em;wGif ,SO&f yfxm;aom oabFmqDo@kd
owif;pHpk rf;&efomG ;vdu k o f nf// uHtm;av#mpf mG jrefrmvlrsKd ;wpfO;D ESihf aw@&G onf// xdo k ul rdrd
wm0efusaeI urf;rwufao;a=umif; usew f hJ vlawGtm;vH;k urf;qif;vnfywfaea=umif;
ajymojzifh oabFmemrnfurkd w S cf +hJ yD; jyefvmcJo
h nf// oabFmodk jh yefa&mufaomtcg jrefrm
69
oabFmom;rsm;pk+yD; usaemf oGm;a&mufpHkprf;cJhaom oabFmta=umif;udk ajymjyonf//
urf;qif;vnfywfciG u hf kd oufqikd &f m Edik if H qdyu f rf;tm%mydik rf sm;ucGijhf yKxm;aomfvnf;
vlrsKd ;a&;cGjJ cm; csK;d ESrd v f o kd nfh awmifu&kd ;D ,m; vlrsKd ;t&m&Sd npfywfjcif; oufoufomjzpfonf/
/xdk ah =umifh uy`wed . f vky&f yfukd usaemfwkd jh refrmtvkyo f rm; oabFmom;rsm;u qENjy
oydwaf rSmuf&ef qH;k jzwfvu kd o f nf//
(4)
oabFm xdik 0f rf ( - )qdyu f rf;rS xGucf gG awmhrnfah e /h / all station all stand by
qdo k nfh toHu xyfum xyfum xGuaf y: vmonf// oabFmudk qdyu f rf;rS qGcJ gG ay;rnfh
ydik ;f avmh oabFmay:a&mufaeyg+yD// 4if;ESit hf wl ulnv D yk af qmifay;rnfh qGb J w k af v; 2pD;
vnf;a&mufaeyg+yD// odk ah omf jrefrmoabFmom;rsm; wpfa,mufrS tcef;wGi;f rS rxGuyf J
oydwaf rSmufae=uyg+yD// oabFmwpfp;D vH;k qlnaH eonf// tcef;wHcg;awGukd acgu+f yD; vdu k af c:
onf/ r&onft h qH;k uy`wed . f pum;ajymoH oabFmwGiw f yfqifxm;aom pyDumrsm;rSwqifh
xGuv f monf/
“jrefrmoabFmom;rsm; tm;vH;k mass room xrif;pm;cef;wGif pk&;kH ay;yg&ef ”
qdo k nfh toHjzpfonf// oabFmxGucf gG jcif;udv k nf; &yfqikd ;f xm;rnfjzpfa=umif;ajymygonf//
xd@k a=umifh usaemfwkd h tm;vH;k xrif;pm;cef;xJokd x h uG vf mcJo h nf// wpfO;D csi;f rdrw d kd rh auseyf
csurf sm;udk ajymqd=k uonf// urf;qif;cGiEhf iS yhf wfoufI uy`wed v f nf; olrmS ;a=umif;0efccH suf
ay;+yD; xdik 0f rf aemufqyd u f rf; wpfcak &mufv#if tm;vH;k urf;qif;vnfywfciG hf ay;rnfjzpf
a=umif; ajymavonf// usaemfwkd v h ufrw S x f ;kd xm;onfh pm&Guu f akd y;+yD; uy`wed rf v S nf;
oabmwla=umif; vufrw S x f ;kd onf// jy\em ajz&Si;f +yD;jzpfwma=umifh usaemfwkd h jrefrm
oabFmom;rsm; tm;vHk; tvkyf jyefqif;ay;=uonf// oabFmvnf; qdyfurf;rS aumif;
rGepf mG xGucf gG Eikd cf yhJ gonf/ okd ah omf xdik 0f rfaemufqyd u f rf;wpfco k nf +rKd Eh iS hf tvGeaf 0;aoma=umifh
uy`wed rf S urf;qif;cGijhf yKaomfvnf; usaemfwkd h b,forl S qif;rvnf=u// ukew f if+y;D onfah emuf
awmifu&kd ;D ,m;odk h ukecf s&ef jyefvmcJo h nf/ oabFmqdyu f rf;odk u h yfonfEiS hf jrefrmoabFmom;
ESpOf ;D txkyu f , kd pf jD zifh oabFmay:wufvmonf// aocsm+yD // usaemfwkd h jyefykd ch &H awmhrnf//
SECDudk twdi k cf &H awmhrnf// usaemfwkd h &Si;f &awmhrnf//usaemfwkd h jrefrmoabFmom;rsm;
oydwfarSmufonfh udpP tawmftoifh atmifjrif onf[k qdkEdkifaomfvnf; aemufqHk;
+zdKcGifjcif;cHcJh&avonf// &efukefat;*sifhudk xdkif0rfrSaeI usaemfwdk htjzpftysufrsm;udk
w,fvzD ek ;f jzifh qufo, G af jymqdx k m;+yD;jzpfonf// odk ah omf at;*sirhf S aeI vlpm;xd;k jcif;jzifh
usaemfwkd h jrefrmoabFmom;tkypf x k rJ S acgi;f aqmifEpS Of ;D udk tvkyjf zKwfvu kd yf g+yD// tzdcH
tESrd cf H vlwef;pm;jzpfonfh usaemfwkd h jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;bufrS rSeu f efpmG &yfwnfay;zdk h usaemfw@kd
70
jrefrm vlrsKd ;rsm;ud, k w f ikd yf if rpGr;f aqmifEikd af vmufatmif rsKd ;csppf w d "f gwrf sm; ajcmufcrf; aecJh
av+yD//
(5)
“tudak & h h h tudak & ” tif*sipf ufcef;twGi;f usaemf. emrnfukd vdu k af c:aeonfh
ausmaf usm. f toHa=umifh usaemf 0yfa&Smh tcef;xJrS xGuv f mcJo h nf// vufxw J iG f vdyu f ikd f
vmonfh pm&Guu f akd y;&if; usaemfu h =kd unfah eonf// pm&Guu f kd jzef@+yD; zwf=unfv h u kd af wmh
aemufae@reuf 10 em&DwiG f *syefEikd if H em*d, k mavqdyrf aS eI jrefrmjynfokd jh yef&ef a&;om;
xm;onfh av,Of pu,fvu f sL; Schedule pm&Gujf zpfavonf// xdk ah emuf ausmaf usmu f
“ol}uD;u ol t h cef;udk vmcJzh kd ah jymw,ftud”k
usaemfvnf; AdKG ifvmpkrc|wb f J ol}uD;tcef;odk h oGm;vdu k o f nf// usaemf&&ef&adS eonfh vpm 2
vpmudk &efuek af th*siu hf ay;rnfjzpfa=umif;ajymonf// usaemfoabmayguyf gonf// ,ckjyef
&rnhf p&dwaf wG/ av,mOfcawG E_w+f yD;awmhrS &rnfh wyJjym;ajcmufjym; a':vm// wpfEpS rf jynfh
cifjyef&v#if ud, k pf &dwEf iS u hf , kd jf zpfaoma=umifyh if// usaemfrh mS wpfEpS jf ynfzh kd w h pfvomvdak wmh
onf// rwwfEikd af wmh// usaemf E_wrf qufbJ uy`wed t f cef;rS jyefvmcJo h nf// nae 3 em&D
wGif ath*sirhf S vmac:rnfjzpfaoma=umifh a&csKd ; / ypPn;f odr;f zdk w h pfem&Davmufom useaf wmh
onf/
usaemf@tcef;jyefa&mufawmh tcef;xJwiG f usaemhv f yk af zmfuikd b f ufrsm; tcef;ESihf
jynfah eonf// tm;vH;k wdk . h rsuEf mS ay:wGif pdwrf aumif; 0rf;enf;onfh t&dyt f a,mifrsm;
jrifae&onf// usaemfu tm;vH;k udk E_wq f ufpum;qdo k nf// xdk ah emuf ypPn;f rsm;udk 0dik ;f +yD;
xrf;xkwaf y;=uonf// wpfEpS ef ;D yg; twlaevmcJo h nfh oHa,mZOfjzpfwnfra_ wGu usaemfEiS hf
usaemfv h yk af zmfuikd bf ufrsm;udk ylaqG; 0rf;enf;apcJah v+yD// xdt k xJwiG f ajrmufOuUvmrS ausmf
ausmq f o kd nfh qDavmif;av;yifjzpfonf// rsu&f nfrsm;yif pD;usaeonf// “ jyefq&kH tH;k rSmygumG ”
vdk t
h m;ay;&if; oabmFay:rS qif;vmcJo h nf// tqif;wGif apmifah eonfh uy`wed u f usaemfw@kd
udk atmifEdkifol}uD;yrm rcsd+yHK;jzifh=unhf&if; vrf;av#mufvmonf// vufxJwGif toif@
,lvmonfh usaemf. h oabFmom;pmtkyu f kd vSr;f ay;onf// xdk ah emuf t*Fvyd v f kd “ rif;wdk &h @J
pmtkyx f rJ mS igrh wS cf suaf &;ay;vdu k w f ,f” [kqo kd nf// usaemfu pmtkyu f kd vSr;f ,l&if; “rif;
a&csiw f m a&;vd@k &w,f h h ih gh twGujf y\emr&Sb d ;l vdk h ”jyefajymvdu k pf Of h h o
h u l “wu,f
vm;” [k tar&duef pum;ajympwdik v f f udk awmifu&kd ;D ,m;r_jyKv#uf ykc;kH wGef +h y;D vufEpS zf uf
udk +zJjyonf// wu,fawmh oabFmom;rSww f rf; pmtkyq f okd nfrmS oabFmom;rsm;twGuf
tvGet f a&;}uD;aom rSww f rf;pmtkyjf zpfonf// oabFmom;vkyo f uftjyif tvky&f mxl;/
tusihf pm&dwt W xd tao;pdwaf &;om;xm;+yD; xdrk w S w f rf;jzifh oabFmom;udk xde;f csKyfxm;
71
“ewf²²qdkwm wu,f&Sd&Jhvm;”[k ar;wdkif; taru “&SdwmayghorD;&Jh/ r&SdbJeJh
a&S ; vl } uD ; awG u 'D t pOf t vmud k xm;cJ h y gh r vm;”[k jyef a jzavh & S d y gonf ? td r f r S m
OD;&Si}f u;D wifonft h cg tdrwf iG ;f rif;ra[mftwGuf tke;f vJonfh tcg 0gt0ifrmS (37)rif;ewfukd
y˜oonfhtcgrsKd;awGrSmjzpfonf? nae arSmif&Doef;vdkhrS tdrfwGif;tkef;udk uefhvefhum
teDpav;eSiq hf rGJ ydwrf v
d #if eD;&mvlawmh em;uJaG tmiftarqljyDom rSwaf yawmh?
jcif;jzpfonf// tckawmh uy`wed u f ola&;csiw f mudk ola&;csio f vdk a&;vdu k +f yD; woufwm
oabFmom; b0 pGef v h w$ &f atmif rSwcf suaf y;vdu k [f efwo l nf// ol v h yk yf ikd cf iG uhf kd tpGr;f ukef
toH;k csvu kd [ f efwo l nf// usaemfu *&krpdu k [ f efjyefajymjcif;jzifh ol udk ceJ v h u kd o f nf//
(6)
tqifoifah pmifah eaom um;ay:odk w h ufvu kd o
f nf// em*d,k m vl0efr}_ uD;=uyfa&;udk
jzwf+yD;aomtcg ywfpyf kd u h kd ath*siu hf odr;f oGm;onf// reufvmac:rS jyefay;rnf[ak jymonf/
xdk ah emuf em*d, k m pifx&,f a[mfw,fa&S w h iG f um;udk &yfvu kd of nf// usaemfwkd w h nf;cd&k rnfh
tcef;udk a[mfw,f0efxrf;rsm;u vdu k yf kd oh nf// oef jh yef ph mG cif;xm;onfh ukwifay:wGif ajc
ypfvufypfxikd v f u kd &f if; uy`wed rf w S cf suaf wGygonfh oabFmom; pmtkyt f wkukd w&Gujf cif;
pkw+f zJ ypfvu kd o f nf// xdk ah emuf tdwx f w J iG f odr;f xm;onfh oabFmom;pmtkyt f ppfwiG f
toifh aqmifxm;aom a&mfbmpdrsm;jzifh oabFmemrnf/ wefcsed f / uy`wed rf w S cf surf sm;udk
pdww f ikd ;f us ud, k b f momud, k f a&;jznfv h u kd o f nf//
tr_u d yf ;kH xJwiG f a=urGaeonfh pm&Guaf v;awGukd =unf&h if; tm&Susm; awmifu&kd ;D
,m; EdkifiHom; uy`wdef}uD;udk ta&S hawmiftm&Som; Arm zGwfusm; u em;&Guf
wHawG;pGwcf yhJ u kH kd jyefpOf;pm;&if; +yHK;vdu k rf yd gawmhonf// rif;rif;odef;
72
0if;0if;rm wck rodwmu rD;udak =umufaom tdrw f iG ;f rif;r[marmiferS wawGukd
rD;eSit hf a&mifqifonfh teD a&mifeiS ahf wmh bmjzpfvkd u h may;=uwmvJqw kd mygy?J wu,fqkd
teufa&mifwkd t h jzLa&mifwdk eh iS hf umoifo h nf r[kwv f m;?
0if;0if;rmeSifh wifwifwdk hu todwtdrfuewfuefawmhrvdk hvmulygqdkwmeSifh
0if;0if;rmeSihf wifwifw@kd &yfuu G f ausmjf yD; atbD&yfuu G x f J a&mufaewmyg? tJ'D treSiu hf
aps;xJrSmqHk&if; todrdwfaqGjzpfae=uum/ rae@u ukvm;aps;rSmaps;0,f&if; redkifreif;
jzpfaeonfh ol u h kd ypPn;f awG vku
d o f ,fy@kd ay;awmh olu ewfwifrmS rd@k vmulyg? vmvnf;pm;yg[k
ac:wmeSihf a&mufvm=u&wm? rkejhf zL/ rkef eh aD usm/f rke@f qaD usmaf =umf²²vufzufom;awGeyS /f
vufzuf&nfawGazsmw f aysmw f yg;}uD;/ rESaJ v;twGuf bJOESpv f ;kH jyKwfjyD;yDvm;[k tdr&f iS . f
om;uav;u ar;aeoHvnf;=um;&onf?
“om;u rreSaJ v; 0ifvm&if odyaf ysmw f mav? teS;D xkyx f u J wnf;uayg?h tckxd
reSaJ v;twGuf bJOrygrmS udk olu tjrJowdxm;w,f? tJ'ga=umifh rreSu J vnf; ol@ukd
apmifah &Smufwm”
“ol@om;udk rreSaJ pmifah &Smufwm b,fvo kd vd rJ odb;l aemf” [k wifwifu wk;d wd;k av;
0if;0if;rmudak r;onf? 0if;0if;rmu tdr&f iS =f um;oGm;rSmpd;k aoma=umifh wifwifukd rsuv f ;kH jyL;jy
um [efw h m;awmh wifwifu v#mwpfvpfeiS hf ykc;kH wGejhf yonf?
“ewfuawmfajymvdk o h w d mayg[ h ”hJ [k ab;u =um;oGm;onfh toufcyf=uD;=uD;
trsKd ;om;wOD;u cyfw;kd wd;k vSr;f ajymonf? toHu avSmifajymifv[ kd ef?
“b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf/ ewfawGu taiG yh pJ m;pm;/ te@&H &lS ykH &J &lS ²lS ²igwkd u h rke@f qaD =umf
rpm;&wm eSpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm =umaejyD? olwkd eh wfwifryS J pm;&wmqdak wmh bmrS vmajymraeeJ@?
rke@f v;kH a&ay:av; vSatmifv;kH ? rke@f qaD =umfpm;zdk yh g;pyfjyifxm;? 'gy”J [kajymum tem;rS
xGuo f mG ;awmh 0if;0if;rmu rsuaf pmif;xk;d jyD; use&f pfco hJ nf?
“omaygi;f nmpm;qdw k m 'Dvv kd rl sKd ;ayg” [k wifwif=um;&Hk e_wcf rf;v_yjf yD; twif;
csvu kd af o;onf? wifwifuvnf; “at;av h h ah ,mufsm;}uD;wefrehJ @J ”[k qufjznfo h nf?
rae@nu 'Dtrd u f tr. zdw=f um;csuu f kd wifwifa&m 0if;0if;rmyg vufccH jhJ yD;
onfah emuf nbufwiG f ewfqw kd meSiyhf wfoufjy;D &Sw d ,f²²r&Sb d ;l aqG;aEG;jzpf=uonf? ody}f u;D }u;D
us,u f s,af wmh r[kwyf g? olw@kd trd af wGu, kd pf rD mS vnf; rdcifawG odrhk [kwf rdcif.rdcifawG
=uD;a':awGu eSppf Ofewfu;kd avh&w dS mrsK;d tenf;qH;k tdrw f iG ;f tke;f udk tajcmufrcHbJ vJwm
rsK;d awGuakd wmh vky&f ;dk vkypf Of yHrk eS u f pd w
P cktjzpf odem;vnfxm;cJ=h uonf?
ewfqw kd m wu,f&rdS &Sed iS hf zdwjf yDqv kd #iv f nf; ewfutdrw f idk ;f aphu zdwo f r#ukd
b,fvdk=uGekdifovJ²²[k wa,mufudkwa,muf rajzwwfaom ar;cGef;awGudk xkwfum
73
&,faecJ=h uwmjzpfonf? jrefrmjynfrmS qdk ewfuEMmM ;&moDwiG f wjrKd w h nf;uyifvyk o f nfh wae@
xJrmS vkyo f nfh tdraf ygi;f u &meJ@cs&D adS ewm? wae rh mS ewfuEMm;yJw G pf&m wjydKifwnf;&Sv d #if
wyg;qD tvSnehf iS hf cJu G m =uG=uapOD;awmh 37 yJrG mS om wjydKifwnf; usi;f yedik rf mS yg? 'gjzifh
useo f nfh 63 yJu G ewfeef;awGrmS ewfuawmfawGu “tifx”k aewmudk cHae=u&wm aocsm
onf?
tdr&f iS af wGu ewfyifw h wfonfh olw@kd rw d af qGukd vnfw&Sn&f n S ef iS ahf r#maf e=uonf?
ewfyu GJ sukd enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eSihf E_wcf rf;jyifum apmifah eolawGuvnf; tdr&f iS x f ufyif pdwt f m;
xufoefae=uao;awmhonf? udk=uD;ausmfyJGus t&ufaumif;aumif;udk ar#mfaeol/
tar*sr;f tus vufzufyu GJ kd wG,rf nfo h l / oH;k q,fch ek pfrif;us vufzuf&nf aygph rd ahf v;udk
ar#maf e=uol/ rke@f qaD =umfukd rsuaf pmif;cJjyD; oGm;&nfwjrm;jrm;usaeoltm;vH;k toifjh zpf
aeaomfvnf; ewfyifhwwfolu a&mufrvmcJh? a&mufvmolawGu udkrsdK; qdkolwdk@
oH;k a,mufwwJG h h h
“a[; udrk ;kd ausmf cifAsm;wdk rh mrDu h kd apmifah ewmqd²k ²As”
“[m rsKd;[efaZmf vm²²vm/ igvnf; tvkyfenf;enf;&_yfwmeJh rif;wdk@udk
ac:zd@k arhomG ;w,fumG ? [kww f ,f? igw@kd rmrDu h akd pmifah ewm? 'Daumif 'DnaetrD rJaqmufu
jyefvmr,fajymyD; b,fvjdk zpfvrJ odb;l ? aemufus vdu k w f m? 'DrmS tm;vH;k u tqifoifh
jzpfaejyD? olyJ vkad wmh wm”
udrk sK;d qdok . l trnfu rsK;d [efaZmfqw dk m tckrS 0if;0if;rm odvu kd &f onf? armh=unfh
vmaom 0if;0if;rmtm; acgi;f ndru hf m jyHK;v#uf olu E_wq f uf.?
“cifAsm;wkd u h vnf; eSpaf ygi;f 'Davmuf=umjyD/ eSpw f ikd ;f vkyaf ewJt h vkyu f kd tckxd
ud, k zhf momud, k f rvkyw f wf ao;bl;vm;As? ewfyifw h myJ? ewfawG eHrnftukef wef;pD ac: jyD;
awmh pm;zkd ah omufzdk =h uGyg qdjk yD;a&m r[kwv f m;? bk&m;qGr;f awmfwifawmh ud, k zhf momud, k f
wifwmyJ[m”
udrk sK;d ESiwhf bGJ uf wa,mufjzpfaom udw k ifxÉG u f tjypfwifpum;udk cyfazmhazmh
avoHeiS hf cHomatmifajym&if; vufuvnf; 'gu tydrk kd v h m;? [dk ar;ar; 'DaumufaumufeiS hf
rH@k v;kH a&ay:wvH;k udk yg;pyfxJ ypfoiG ;f vdu k af o;onf?
“tkd udw k ifxÉG u f vnf;/ bk&m;uwyg;wnf;? aemufjyD; bmrqkd arwœmeJh cGiv hf w $ f
awmfrw l ,f? ewfawGusawmh rwlb;l ? twGi;f 37rif;/ tjyif 37rif;/ ud;k uG,af eayr,fh olw@kd ukd
wjyKd iw f nf; eHrnfawG b,fvv kd yk f rSwrf yd gh rvJ? aemufjy;D olw@kd u vl@b0uwnf;u pdwaf wGu
xufovm;rar;eJ@/ trSm;t,Gif;cHcJh=uwJholawG r[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh udk,fawmfawGudk
pdwt f vdrk us jzpfatmifvyk rf &d if ewfuikd v f u
dk rf mS pd;k &w,fav? 'ga=umifh e_wpf v#mp&Sw d o hJ u l kd
74
apmifhae&wm?
“wuwJryS aJ wmf²²ewfyifrh ,fo h u l kd yif&h wm ewfyif&h wmxuf vuf0ifaew,f”
udrk ;dk ausmf uawmf rtdu ewfawGtpnf;a0;xGuo f mG ;rSjzifh ol yh u GJ kd vmrE$b J aJ eawmhr,f
qdu k m pdwaf pmaeonf? ewfukd r,Ho k nfw h idk f tajcmufoaH eSmaeSmjyD; cyfEJG Eh JG h aemufajymif
wwfavh&adS om²²aemufjyD; bke;f =uD; w&m;a[moHwkd eh wfyifo h w H kd v
h u dk wf ak tmf&rSm 0goem
xHak om udak rmfZif rSm eHrnf&if;udk ac:ol r&So d avmuf&mS ;um rmrDvkd o h m tac:cHae&atmif
ewfyifah y;&wm vufrvnf?
“usaemfwkd =h um;wmuawmh udak rmf=uD;u ol v h ufrw S uf kd aumfyv D yk jf yD; olrsm;udk
ay;vku d w f m tJ'v D u l jrKd th xGuu f *dwrf mS tzrf;cHae&vdk o h v l nf; jyefrvm&Jawmhb;l wJAh s”
udrk sK;d u cyfat;at;eSihf udrk ;kd aZmfukd &Si;f jyaomtcg rtd ysm,mcwfomG ;avonf?
“td'k u k yQ gyaJ wmf? 'DrmS tukev f ;kH jyifqifjyD;rS txpfxpf taigah igjh zpf&w,fv@kd ?
tJ'ga=umifh ajymwmaygh 0ufom;rpm;ygeJ rh if;eSpyf g;u r=udKufygb;l qdw k mudk &Siu f awmfawmf
tpm;aomif;use;f wJv h ?l ”
“udrk ;kd ausmf 0ufom;pm;wmeJh udak rmf=uD; rJaqmufu rjyef&w J m bmqdik v f @kd vJ
rtd&m” [k udkwifxGÉf ar;cGef;xkwfonf? udkrkd;ausmfuawmh ol@rdef;rv#mapmif;udk
a=umuf&onfxif.? wkyw f yk rf rS v_y?f
“td²k ²bmvd@k rqkid &f rvJ? usKyu f rif;nDaemifepS yf g;udk ud;k uG,x f m;wm? rif;nDaemifu
0ufom;pm;wm r=udKufwmudk ole@J rnm;cifuwnf;u ajymxm;om;yJ? tpwke;f uawmh
rif;udkrjzwfekdifygbl;? 0ufom;yJ jzwfyghr,fqdkjyD;awmh” i,fusKd; i,femawGygvmojzifh
udrk ;kd ausmrf suef mS u rcsKd rcsOf td@k w@kd tef;wef;? ewfwifa&;udpP aeSmifah eS; =uef@=umr_onf
tdrOf ;D ewf cifyeG ;f onf vifa,mufsm; 0ufom; ck;d pm;onfah e&mrSm oGm;jy;D trSyk wfaeonfukd
0if;0if;rm &,fcsirf o d nf?
“tif;-- b,fvkd vky=f uygrvJ”
aiGuek af =u;usuvnf; enf;vSwmr[kw?f ewfyifw h wfol tqifajyrS aemufwcg
'Dvx kd yfjy;D onfvrkd sKd ; a=umf&avSm&f rnfh p&dwpf uuvnf; 'kuo Q nfpcef;xJrmS olrsm; axmuf
yHah =u;eSihf ae&onft h csed rf mS tawmhu f kd rvG,af om udpw P ckjzpfonf?
“uJAsm-- rmrD=uD; rvmvnf; usaemfyJ vkyfay;r,f” [k udkrsKd;[efaZmfu
cyfus,u f s,f ajymvku d af omtcg tm;vH;k . wtHw h =o t=unfw h @kd u udrk sK;d [efaZmfqrD mS
oGm;pkonf? olu cyfwnfwnf?
rtdu udrk sK;d rsuef mS udk aphaphygatmif =unfjh yD; pHpk rf; ppfaqa&;0ifavonf?
“&Sif ewfyifw h wfw,fvkd u h srjzifh wcgrrS =um;bl;ygb;l udrk sK;d &,f? [kwrf v S nf;
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vkyfprf;yg/ awmf=um udk,fawmfawG pdwfqdk;ukefvdk@ wwd,edkifiHxGufzdk@ txpftaighawG
jzpfuek yf grh ,f”
“rtduvnf; usaemfu h kd awmfawmf txifparmwmyJu;kd ? rmrDu usaemfoifay;vd@k
rmrDjzpf oGm;wmygAs? cifAsm; 37 rif;udk usaemfu t&nfusKdaomufedkifavmufatmif
u|rf;ygw,fAs? a&iHydkif OD;&Sif}uD;twGuf rkef@qef;eJh tkef;qefav;eJ@iSufaysmoD;av;
tcHGEGmxm;vm;? tkdau²² tarwvdkif;twGufa&m ig;&Hh eSpfaumifeJ@uefpGef;&Gufyg&Jhvm;/
a&$eaJS v;twGuu f a&$bOJ eSpv f ;kH eJ@csKd csOef pS v
f ;kH ²²[kww f ,faemf? olu uav;ewfqakd wmh
uav;pm=udKufwmudk;As/ udk=uD;ausmfuawmh yifus&nfav; aumif;aumif;rufrSmaygh?
tar*sr;ftwGuf vufzufyGJ aumif;aumif;aemf? qD&&J$ q J$ rf; yJa=umfrygbJ vufzuf&,f/
eSr;f avSmaf v;&,f-- aemufjyD; =uufoeG af =umf &,f²²'gy?J tkad u 'gvnf; rSew f ,f?”
udrk sK;d [efaZmfu ewfpmcs&ef jyifqifxm;onfh cef;vH;k jynfyh aGJ wGukd wyJpG D av#muf
=unfu h m aocsmppfaq;&if; ewfawG. trnfemreSihf wifavh&adS om tpm;tpmwku hd kd yl;wJG
a&&Gwo f mG ;onf? rtdrsuef mS ay:rSm udrk sKd ;[ef aZmf tay: ewfeiS yhf wfoufjy;D ,H=k unfpw d cf srakS wG
wzGm;zGm; ay:vmaewmu txif;om;?
“'geJ u h ,kd af wmfav;&Jh pD;awmfusm;twGuf tke;f oD;ua&m b,frmS vJ? atm--
[dkbufrSmudk;/ usaemfu rsufpdenf;enf;v#rf;oGm;w,f? rtdu udk,fawmfawGudk eHrnf
rrSwrf b d ;l om ajymaewm? jyifqifxm;wmusawmh vnf; [kwv f @kd y?J bmrSrvkt d yfb;l ”
udrk sK;d [efaZmf. cs;D rGr;f pum;tqH;k rSm rtdrsuef mS ay:rS *k%w f ufonfh cyfred @f red @f
tjyKH;jzifh awmufyoGm;avonf?
“&Siu f tvHeD uGejf rLepfvkd v h wl um ajymaewm? uGejf rLpfawGu bk&m;awmif
r&Scd ;kd bl;qdk &Siu f ewfawGta=umif; tukeo f wd mud;k ”
ol@tm; uGejf rLepf[k orkwo f nfukd bmrS jyefrajzbJ udrk sK;d u jyKH ;wHk w h @kH vyk af eonf?
udrk ;kd ausmu f ajraG jrcG si;f ²²ajcjrifqo kd vdk r,Ho k uFmrsuv f ;kH awGeiS hf udrk sK;d udk vSr;f =unfah eonfukd
udrk sK;d u rodcsiaf ,mifaqmif.?
“vlawGu eHrnf vku d zf suaf ewmygAsm/ udrk sK;d u tvHeD r[kwyf gb;l ? tvHjzLaxmif
xm;wJo h yl g”
olwkd t h csi;f csi;f om em;vnfrnfph um;awGeiS hf w[J[J &,fae=ujyefao;onf?
aemufawmh rtduraeedik b f J udrk sK;d udk wu,fyeJ wfyifw h wfovm; ar;vmonf? udrk sK;d uvnf;
wu,fyifw h wfa=umif; ajym.? onfvekd iS hf ewfwifyGJ pwifjzpfomG ;avonf?
bk&m;pifatmufbufokd eh wfwifrnfh tpm;taomufrsK;d pHk yef;uefawGukd 'gu
b,fewfrif;twGuf ac:a0: &if; udrk sK;d u ae&mcsxm;onfukd ol o h il ,fcsi;f udw k ifxÉG ef iS hf
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aemufwa,mufu &d&k u kd sK;d usK;d ulnaD y;=uonf?
xd@k aemuf [efus yefus bk&m;uefawmh / vufuefawmhx;dk jzifh rke@f jzL/ rke@f eyD w GJ @kd ukd
wifcsnf ajrmufcsnv f yk u f m jyHK;Ivnf; cHawmfryl g&,fIvnf; cHawmfryl g[k oHaeoHxm;eSihf
ud, k af wmfav; eSpyf g;u pjyD; wef;pDum eHrnfawGukd a&&Gwaf vonf?
0if;0if;rmu udrk sLd ;. aemufausmjyifukd wdww f wd af v; cd;k ai;&if; ewfqw dk m wu,f&dS
r&Sd cyfa0a00g;0g;jzpfae&mu atmf olwkd v h kd acwfynmwwf tjrifus,w f o hJ al wGawmifrS
,Hk=unfw,fqdk&if 'D 37 rif;ewf wu,f&SdrSmygyJav[k twnfjyKcsufay;&if; ewf
&Sv
d m;²²r&Sv d m;²²oHo,tawG; 0ifcrhJ o d nfukd ewfrif;awGou d m ewfuikd cf v H u kd &f rSmudkd enf;
enf;awmif a=umufomG ;rdvu kd o f nf? &So d r# ewfpmyJaG wGtm;vH;k udk udrk sK;d vufeiS hf xdawG@
yifzh w
d jf y;D csed wf iG af wmh udrk sK;d u cyfiikd if ikd f trlt,meSihf rsuv f ;kH tpHu
k kd rSw
d u
f m wpHw k a,mufukd
wd;k wd;k wd;k wd;k eSihf awmif;yefw;kd v#K;d aejyefonf? rtdu udrk sK;d rsuef mS udk rsuaf wmifrcwfwrf;
vduk =f unfh tuJcwfaeonf? ol tuket f usawGcu H m vkyx f m;or# ud, k af wmfawG pdwef iS rhf
awG rh mS udk pd;k aeonf? tar*sr;f u yifzh w d w f m aemufusv#if azawmh armifawmheiS hf ywf
=urf;wdu k w f wfawmh a=umuf&ao;onf? ud=k uD;ausmf =uufavmif;zd@k rsm; avmif;a=u;aiG
awmif;&if ay;ekid af tmif ydu k qf u H kd vufxrJ mS uspaf eatmif qkyx f m;&ao;onf?
aemufqHk;awmh udkrsdK;u rtdbufudk odyfrumif;vSaom rsufeSmeSifhvSnhfum
pum;ajymvdu k o f nf?
“rtda& pdwrf aumif;ygb;l Asm? usaemf b,fvrdk S rwwfeidk af wmhb;l As”
“[if²²bmjzpfv@kd vJ udrk sK;d / bmrsm; trSm;t,Gi;f ygomG ;vd@k v?J rif;uav;u pdwcf o k mG ;
wmvm;? b,ft&Sio f cifrsm; pdwcf o k mG ;vJurkd sK;d &,f? usru wjcm;bmqkrv S nf; rawmif;
csiyf gb;l / wwd,edik if u H kd tjrefq;kH xGu&f &if awmfygjyD? olrsm;awGvkd [k;d rxdcsib f ;l av”
“at;Asm -- usaemfvnf; ulncD siyf gw,f? tck[mu awmfawmfcufw,fAs/ usaemf
b,fvrkd S yifv h @kd r&bl; jzpfaewm”
“bmjzpfv@kd vJ udrk sK;d / bmrsm; vdt k yfwm&Sad evd@k vnf;”
“ywfpyf @kd As”
“tD” ueJ udrk sK;d ausmx f rH S toHoo hJ whJ csuxf uG vf monf?
“[kww f ,f? udrk sd K;ausm?f usaemfw@kd &hJ twGi;f 37rif;/ tjyif 37rif; tm;vH;k aom
ewfrif;awGu usaemfh yifzh w d o f u H kd =um;=uvd@k =uGvm=uyg&?hJ tck xdik ;f e,fpyfrmS jy\em
ay:aew,f? xdik ;f ewfawGu wm;xm;w,fAs? ywfpyf @kd ryg&if 0ifciG rhf ay;edik b f ;l wJ?h olw@kd e,fxJ
ZGwf0if&if w&m;r0if e,fpyfjzwfausmf0ifa&mufrSkeJ@ pJGr,fwJh? jyD;awmh jr0wDbufrSm
oGm;jyefoeG v f u dk rf ,fw”hJ
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udrk sKd ;ar;&d;k ay:u eDnKd nKd tuGuu f av;udk 0if;0if;rm ck;d ai;wmudk trdzrf;jy;D udrk sKd ;u
vSpu f eJ rsupf rd w dS u f m jyHK;jyonf? tenf;i,f a,mifuikd ;f aeao;onfh ol@ar;aphukd cyfzzG G
yGwv f #uf udrk sKd ;u - nDr wd@k trd rf mS ewfwifr,fq&kd if ajymaemf tudu k ewfyifah tmf'gawG
vufcaH qmif&u G af y;aew,f [k aemufajymifonf?
“bmjzpfvkd t h v J kd ajymvdu k w f mvJ[if h h o h il ,fcsi;f csi;f tciftrif ysuo f mG ;wm
awmh raumif;bl; xifygw,f”
tawG;&d;k aom 0if;0if;rmudk =unfu h m udrk sKd ;[efaZmfwkd o h ;kH a,mufu &,fae=uonf?
“ud, k w f kd uh aoewfawG wazmif;azmif;=um;rSm twlwl vufwyGJ ;D tvkyv f yk v f m
=uwJh wu,fh aotwl &Sirf uGm &Jabmf &JbufawGyg? 'ga=umifh vufo;D wcsuf txd;k cHvu dk &f &Hk
eJ@awmh udk,fwkd@=um;u cifrifr_ ysufpD; roGm;ygbl;? udk,f 'Dpum;ajym&if olu 'Dvdk
vufo;D pmau|;vdrrhf ,f qdw k m odjyD;om;yJ? rdwaf qG oli,fcsi;f aumif;qdw k m tawG;rSm;
tvkyrf mS ;aewJh ud, k rhf wd af qGukd trke;f cHjyD; 'grrS [kwf temcHjyD; ajymqd&k w J hJ owœrd sKd ;&S&d r,f?
tJ'grS rdwaf qGaumif;yDorSmayg?h 'Daumif ajymvd&hk rSmvnf; r[kwyf gb;l qkjd yD; ajymr=unfh
ao;bJ rajymbJ aevdu k wf mu rdwaf qGaumif;wa,muf&hJ vky&f yfrsKd ; r[kwb f ;l nDr // ud, k f
wnfrh wfay;wmudk vufrcHwm ol@upd /P ajymp&m&Sw d mudk rke;f csirf ek ;f / xd;k csix f ;kd odatmif
ajymay;zd@k u ud, k hf udpaP v²²”
wifwifu awmifusprf;av;u pdrx hf u G f pD;usvmaeonfh vufoef;w0ufavmuf
a&vH;k av;atmufu jynfo h mG ;onfh yvyfpwpfy;kH udk yH;k vGww f ckeiS hf vJum a&tjynfyh ;kH eSpyf ;kH udk
qJjG y;D vrf;ay: jyefwufvmaomtcg udw k ifxÉG u f wifwifv h ufxu J a&yH;k av;awGukd vrf;ay:rS
vSr;f ,lum olw@kd ,lvmonfh wGe;f vSn;f ay: wifvu kd o f nf?
“[m h h ah eygap? usaemfwdk zh mom vrf;av#muf&if; o,fygrh ,f? usaemfwkd 'h v D ykd J
o,fae=uyg” [k wifwifu vrf;ay: wufvm&if; tm;emyg;em jiif;onf?
“ta&;w}uD; udprP &S&d if ud, k w f ahdk &yH;k apmifjh yD; twlwl jyef=uwmayg?h wGe;f vSn;f eJ@
qdak wmh oufomw,fav? 'Davmufta0;}uD;udk qJ&G r,fq&kd if roufombl;”
'kuo Q nfpcef;wGi;f rSm bmrS ta&;w}u;D udpP r&Sw d ma=umifh olw@kd udw k ifxÉG pf um;udk
tausmuftuef rjiif;=uawmh? aemuf onfvpl ek iS hf pum;ajymvku d wf ikd ;f vnf; pdw0f ifpm;
A[kow k awG wd;k yGm;vmwmudk olwkd h eSpaf ,mufv;kH u em;axmifv=kd uonf?
“'gjzifh udrk sKd ;wd@k u ewf &Sw d ,f qdw k mudk r,Hb k ;l ayg”h [k wifwifu olw@kd eSpaf ,muf
ab;rSm xkid cf s&if; udrk sKd ;udk ar;cGe;f xkwo f nf?
“ud, k w f hkd rjrif&wJh tJ'D udpaP wGukd &Sw d ,f r&Sb d ;l rjiif;csib f ;l ? vufawG@rygwhJ
udpaP wGehJ jiif;ckeaf e&wm tcsed u f ek wf ,f? ud, k &hf hJ will power h h t h x J m;ygawmh pdwpf rG ;f tm;/
78
tJ'D pdw&f hJ pGr;f tm;awGvnf; ukew f ,fu?G 'gayr,fh bk&m;ud, k w f idk u
f a[m=um;awmf rlcw hJ myJ?
bmrqdk ud, k v f yk rf S ud,k &f w,f h h q h w kd mav? olu, kd wf idk vf nf; bk&m;tjzpfa&mufatmif
olu, kd w f idk yf J usijhf uH tm;xkwcf &hJ wm erlemaumif;yJr[kwv f m;? nDrwdk ph Of;pm;=unfah v 'D
'kuo Q nfawG wwd,edik if u H kd a&mufzq hkd w kd m vwfwavm uk, d u fh kd ac:r,fh ekid if &H hJ pD;yGm;a&;
tajctaeaumif;raumif;eJ@qidk v f rd rhf ,f? olwehkd ikd if rH mS pD;yGm;a&;aumif;vdhk vlcsr;f omawG
rsm;yD; tvky=f urf;eJ ah tmufajctvkyaf wGukd vkyzf kd v h rl &Sw
d t hJ wGuf tvky=f urf;orm;vdv k @kd
ac:wmudk vl=um;aumif;atmif ud, k uhf , kd u f ,kd f 'kuo Q nfawGukd apmifah &Smufovdk toHaumif;
[pfaewmudk udk,fu trSeftwdkif; od&r,f? tckvdk pD;yGm;ysufuyfqdkufaewJhtcsdef
ol@widk ;f jynfu vlawGawmifrS oef;eJ@csjD y;D tvkyv f ufrjhJ zpfaecsed rf mS wpdr;f awGukd ac:au|;xm;zdhk
tvkyfay;xm;zdk@u olwdk@wdkif;jynftwGuf 0efxkyfjzpfaer,fqdk&if tJ'D 0efxkwfudk olwdk@
b,fxrf;ygrh vJ?”
trsm;}uD;wqufwnf; ajymor#udk acgif;xJ wcgwnf;0ifatmif 0if;0if;rm
OD;aeSmuftopfpufpufuav; awmfawmf tvkyv f yk v
f u kd &f onf? b,fwek ;f urS onfvkd
a=umif;usKd ;qufpyfawG;awmr_rsKd ;udk &Sn&f n S af 0;a0;vkycf ahJ om tusihf r&Sad oma=umifyh g?
“avmu}u;D rSm qkawmif;wkid ;f om jynfrh ,fq&kd if vlawGu wjcm; bmvkyaf eawmh
rvJumG ? ezl; *|ww f ufatmifyJ xdik u f efawmh qkawmif;ae=uawmhrmS ayg”h [k udw k ifxÉG f
uvnf; 0ifajymonf?
“tJ'D udrk ;kd ausmu f tudw k @kd oil ,fcsi;f jzpfaejyD; bmvd@k tudw k @kd awG;ovdk rawG;
wwfwmvJ”
“'gu wa,mufcsi;f pD&hJ pmzwftm;? qifjcifpOf;pm; csichf sed ef ikd pf rG ;f tm;awG²²aemuf
ud,k jf zwfoef;&wJh ywf0ef;usi&f hJ v$r;f rd;k r_? aemufjyD; jyD;jyD;a&m aewwfwhJ tusihf tJ'gawGehJ
qdkifw,f r0if;0if;rm h h hudkrdk;ausmfu ewfudk ,HkvSvdk hawmh r[kwfbl;? ol@rdef;rudk
em;nnf;rSma=umufvkd eh m;at;jyD;a&mxm;&if;eJ w h ajz;ajz; olu OD;aqmifol r[kwaf wmhbJ
rde;f raemufvu kd jf zpfomG ;&wm? rde;f ru xufxufjrufjrufeJ ah &S @w;dk vm&ifawmh wrsKd ;ayg?h
tckvkd udprP sKd ;awGrmS t,lonf;wm trSwv f aGJ ewmawGukd 'Dvydk J v$wx f m;awmh olw@kd
arG;xm;wJh uav;awGrmS yg tJ'gu oGm;jyD; &du k cf wfrmS av”
“'gqdk tck tudkrsdK;[efaZmfu temcHjyD; tckvdk ajymvdkufygjyDwJh? olwdk@u
jyifomG ;rSmwJv h m;/ jyifomG ;vdrrhf ,fvkd x h ifvm;” udrk sKd ;[efaZmfu rsucf ;kH wcsuyf ifjh yum jyHK;
aeonf?
c%aerS “udk,f ajymjyD;jyDav/ olwdk@ rjyifbl; qdk&ifawmif olwdk@uav;awG&Jh
acgif;xJrSm rSwfrSwf&& tcsufwck &oGm;r,f? t&G,fa&mufvdkh a=umif;uskd; qufpyfjyD;
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pOf;pm;wwfwt hJ cg onfvt kd vkyrf s;dk [m vufawGb h 0rSm b,favmuf tus;dk &Sv d J r&Sb d ;l vJ
olw@kd bmom csichf sed o f mG ;vdrrhf ,fav? tckavmavmq,fawmh rtdu trde@f xw k x f m;w,f?
ud,k w f @kd ukd ol@trd &f yd af wmif reif;eJ@whJ h h h h [m; [m;[m; h h h ”h
udwk ifxÉG ef iS hf aemufwa,mufu a&jynfo h mG ;aom wifwifh a&yH;k udk olw@kd a&yH;k eSihf
vJvu kd =f ujyD; wifwifah &yH;k udk olwkd @weG ;f vSn;f ay: wifvu kd =f uonf?
'kuo Q nf pcef;rSm aomufa&twGuf avSmifuefrsm;rS a&jzefah 0a&; pepf&adS omfvnf;
a&u xHk;"mwf rsm;vGef;tm;}uD;aeonf? usdKoavmuf xHk;eSpfawG usvmonfhtwGuf
xH;k "mwfv;kH vH;k rygonfh awmifusa&udk wrdik ef ;D yg;tuGmrSm vmvmjyD; pdw&f n S v f uf&n S f
xdkifapmifhum o,f=u&onf? urfhxJwGif a&xnfh&efay;onfh *gvHyHk;tjymav;awGeSifh
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v,form;vlwef;pm;. pdw&f n S rf u_ kd prf;oyfo!f/h um vjzpfonf? armfonf wcsuu f av;r#
pdwrf ysu?f rnnf;nL? olwnfaqmufchJ aom/ ppfwyfEiS hf e,fajrrsm; qH;k &H;_ ysupf ;D onfukd
85
jrif&o!ft h cg Y/ armfraysmEf ild ?f od&k mwGif armfonf ol.cHpm;r_ukd yk*v ~ u d tjrifjzifh
azmfjyjcif;rjyK? ordik ;f a&; t awG@t}uHKw&yftjzpf/ oifcef;pmxkwo f nf? jyif;xefaom
oifcef;pmrsm;onf/ ol@ tzd@k / ordik ;f todynm&yfrsm; jzpfvm=uonf? Ttodynmwd@k jzihf
ygwu D kd ynmay; onf?
pufwifbmva&mufv#iyf if/ A[dpk cef;wGif opf&u G af =upG jyK =u+y?D ppfao e*FAsL[m
ta&;ed r f h r _ r sm;a=umif h vD a wh (b&G e f ; ) ES i f h csif y d e f & S e f w d k @ wk e f v _ y f p jyKvmonf
A[dpk cef;udpk eG @f vw $ &f ef/ =o*kwv f xJwiG f qH;k jzwfc=hJ uonf? xdrk #ru/ A[dak umfrwD onf
aemufxyftrSm;wckukd usL;vGecf jhJ yefonf? TonfrmS pdwrf &Snjf cif; jzpfonf &efo. l
0dik ;f ywfru _ /kd azmufxu G Ef ikd yf gvsu/f azmufxiG ;f jcif;rjyKy/J A[dck ef;udk t+y;D t ydik f pGe@f cmG cJjh cif;ud/k
armfu oabmrwl? tv#ipf vdk Edik v f eG ;f onf[k ,lqonf?
“tJ'w D ek ;f u tajctaerSm/ u|eaf wmfw@kd [m A[dpk cef;rSm ESpv f /oH;k v avmuf
qufae+yD;/ wyfom;awGudk tem;ay;Edkifao;w,f/ wyfudkjyefvnfwnf aqmufzdk@/
tcsed &f ao;w,f? 'Dvo kd mvkyEf ikd cf &hJ if/ acgi;f aqmifr[ _ m 'Dxufy+kd yD;/ eJeJ tajrSmt f jrif&cdS &hJ if/
tajctae 'Davmufq;kd r,fr[kwb f ;l ?” [k armfuajymcJo h nf? (“w&kwjf ynf awmfveS pf pf
aoe*FAsL[m jy\emrsm;” vufa&G;pifusr;f / twGJ 1)
,lw;kd a'owGif armf a&mufaepOf/ ol@xo H @kd csLtifvikd ;f / csLaw;ESihf csef 0rf&eS ;f wd@k
a&mufvm=uonf? xdpk Ofu csLtifvikd ;f / csLaw;wd@k u ppfaumfr&Si. f qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk
oabmrwl=u? armfuvnf; tavmw}uD; rqkwcf mG oif[ h k ,lq onf? ppfaumfr&Si. f
tpnf;ta0;udk ausmufwHk;wdrfwdkuf awmifwef;ay:u Z&yf uav;waqmifwGif
usi;f y=uonf? Ttpnf;ta0;u qkwcf mG &ef/ qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd aemufq;kH twnfjyKvu kd o f nf?
qkwcf mG yH/k qkwcf mG enf;ESiyhf wfoufI/ armfuwifjy aomfvnf;/ armf. t}uHay;csuu f kd
y,fcsvu kd o f nf?
qkwfcGm&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf csolrSm/ vDawhESifh zdk;ul;wdk@jzpfonf? qHk;jzwfIom
qH;k jzwfaomfvnf;/ rnfo!fh a'ood@k qkwcf mG rnf[I l / a&a&&m&mr&S?d armfuqkwf
cGma&;onf/ *syefqef@usiaf &;&nf&, G cf surf sm;udk taxmuftuljyK&rnf[k wifjy onf?
*syefqef@usifa&; a=uG;a=umfoHudk wif&ef/ t}uHay;onf? Tt}uHay;csuf udkvnf;
vufc=H u[efrwl? armfu w&kwjf ynfajrmufyikd ;f od@k qkwcf mG oifo h nf? xdk ae&monf
wyfeaD wmftzd@k / aoe*FAsL[mt&/ tcsut f csmusaomae&mjzpfonf [k wifjyonf?
txl;ojzifh eif;&Sm;jynfe,fonf/ tajccHpcef;vkyf&ef taumif;qHk; jzpfonf?
qm;vnf;aygonf? o,HZmwypPn;f rsm;vnf; aygonf[/k armfu t}uH ay;onf?
od@k &mwGif ppfaumfr&Siw f iG f ta&;}u;D o!fh jy\emrsm;udk tqH;k tjzwf ay;aeolrmS
86
vDawhjzpfonf? vDawhu armf. t}uHay;csuu f kd y,fcsum twGi;f rGe*f v kd , d jynfe,fEiS hf
uyfaeaom &Sepf jD ynfe,fo@kd qkwcf mG &ef qH;k jzwfonf? xdjk ynf e,fxw J iG /f [d@k vek .
f wyfrsm;
v_y&f mS ;aeonf? qkwcf mG a&;twGu/f awmfveS af &; ppfaumfr&Siw f ckukd zG@J pnf;vdu k of nf?
aumfr&Siw f iG f armfpw D ek ;f / csLaw;/ csLtifvikd ;f 0rfcs&D iS ;f / vsLydck si;f ESihf *smreft}uHay;t&m&S/d
vDawhw@kd yg0if=uonf? qkwcf mG a&; t wGuf jyifqif&ef wywftcsed f owfrw S of nf?
vsLd @0u
S cf suq f ;kH jzwfcsuf jzpfojzif/h au'grsm;/ wyfeaD wmft&m&Sid ,frsm;/ Edik if aH &;r_;rsm;udk
today;jcif;rjyK? qkwfcGm vm+yD;onftxd/ ae@pOf bmr# owif;ray;? qkwfcGmr!fh
c&D;pOfuv kd nf; rajym? tqd;k qH;k rSm wdu k yf jJG zpfvmv#i/f tqifoifjh zpfatmif &dumQ rxm;jcif;/
&efou l wdu k f vmv#if rnfo@kd cck rH nf[k jyifqif+yD;om; r&Sjd cif;wd@k jzpfonf? ppfwyfwwyf
ajymif; a&$@aeonfEiS rfh wl/ “tdraf jymif;onfEiS w hf o l nf” [k armfu ajymcJo h nf?
wyfeDawmfudk tpk}uD;ESpfpkcx GJ m;vdkufonf? wpku t&Hjzpfonf? 4if;wdk@u
aemufcsefae&pfcJh&rnf? xdktpkwGif wyfom; (30000) &SdI/ (20000) ausmfu xd
cdu
k 'f %f&m&aeolrsm;jzpfonf? xdpk Ofu wyfeaD wmfwiG f wyfom; (300000) &So d !fh teuf
(120000) om qkwcf mG cJ=h u+y;D / (150000) rSm/ ajymufusm; wyfprk sm;tjzpf/ tpkuav;rsm;cGI J /
use&f pfc=hJ uonf?
use&f pforl sm;xJwiG /f armfpw D ek ;f .nD armfpw D efEiS hf acsmif;qd;k aoG;yg a&m*g jzpfo!f/h
csLcsLyd k i f w d k @ tjyif / armf . vl & if ; rsm;ygonf ? usef & pf o l t rsm;pk o nf / 1945 ck
owWruGeu f &ufwiG f A[dak umfrwDrsm;/ jzpfvmcJ=h uonf?
1935 ck ulrifwefu tajccHpcef;udk &Si;f o!ft h cgwiG f csLcsLydik Ef iS hf armfpD wefw@kd
&efolvufusum/ uGyfrsufcH&onf? csLcsLydkifonf raocif &efolxH 'l; axmuf
t!Hch o H mG ;onf[k ajym=uonf? od@k &mwGif taxmuftxm;rawG@? 1967 ck ,Ofaus;r_
awmfvSefa&;twGif;wkef;u ulrifwef pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk awG@o!fhtcgwGifrS/
taxmmuftxm; tjy!ft h pH&k cJo
h nf?yDuif;awmfveS af &; tmZmenfArd mef&dS csLcsLydik . f
ausmufwikd u f kd z,f&mS ;ypfvu kd o
f nf?
ol@nD armfprD if;.om; armfcsL&Ge;f (1927) udk armfu arG;pm;cJo h nf? armfcsL&Ge;f onf
ol@tazvdk ygwDwyfom;aumif; jzpfvmcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif &SefpDjynf e,fxJY
ajymufusm;wyfom;tjzpf v_y&f mS ;aepOf/ &efov l ufo@dk usum/ t&Siv f wfvwf ajrjrSyf
towfcH&onf? tajccHpcef;wGif b¾ma&;wm0ef,lo!fh armfpDrif;onf qkwfcGm
o!fhtcgwGif ajrmufydkif;odk@ygoGm;um/ ygwD. ydk@aqmifa&;/ armfuGef; xdef;odrf;a&;/
vufeufESifh b¾mxdef;odrf;a&; wm0efudk,lonf? armfonf [dkZlcsif; ESifh cav;ESpf
a,muf a rG ; onf ? wa,muf u tcgvnf / wa,muf u ES p f c gvnf jzpf onf ?
87
qkwcf mG o!ft h cgwiG f 4if;wd@k ESpaf ,mufpvH;k udk v,form;rsm;xHwiG f tyf ypfc&hJ onf?
xdck av;ESpaf ,mufukd ,ckwikd &f mS rawG@awmh[k tqd&k o dS nf?
qkwfcGm&mY trsdK;orD;ESifh ausmif;q&mrsm;/ au'grsm;/ olemjyKrsm;/ &m
aygi;f rsm;pGmygvm=uonf? od@k &mwGif tcsKd @rmS vrf;wGiu f se&f pfc=hJ uonf? trsKd ;orD; &maygi;f
rsm;pGmteuf/ (35) a,mufom c&D;qH;k txdygvm=uonf? qkwcf mG o!fh vlta&twGuf
(120000) teuf (100000) rSm wyfom;rsm;jzpfonf? usefvlrsm; rSm au'grsm;ESifh
txrf;orm;rsm; jzpf=uonf?
atmufwdkbmv (18) &uf nae (5) em&DwGif armfonf ,lwdk;rSpxGufonf?
tarS m if u d k c d k u m wa,muf c sif ; wef ; pD x G u f v mcJ h = uonf ? aumv[vawG
trsKd ;rsKd ;xGuaf eonf? rnfo!fah e&mod@k oGm;aeonfukd rnforl # rod=u? rnfo!fah e&mwGif
&yfem;rnf[k rnforl #rod=u?
qefrsm;udk tdyfxJodk@ x!fh,lcJh&ef/ trdef@ay;ojzifh/ oHk;&ufpmqefudk o,f
vmcJ=h uonf? od@k jzifh armfajymo!f/h “tdraf jymif;yG}J uD;” pawmhonf? wyfom; awG
pdw"f gwu f saeonf? wyfom;rsm;udk *&kpu kd rf !fh tpDtrHr&S?d vufawG@ pnf;&H;k a&;r&S?d
owif;jzef@csaD &; r&S?d pdw"f gwjf riS w hf ifay;jcif;r&S?d aqmif;0wfr&S?d iSuzf sm;rS evHxp jzpfo!fh
armfonfvnf;/ tjcm;olrsm;uJo h @kd yif vduk v f mcJ&h onf?
“*syefwdkufzdk@ ppfajrjyifudk oGm;&r,fqdkwmavmufyJ ajymw,f? tjcm;
wyfz@JG awGusawmh/ 'Davmufawmif rod&bl;? wcsKd @u e,fajropfwckziG zhf @kd ajr&Sif awGukd
wdu k zf @kd v@kd xif=uw,f? wcsKd @uvJ avhusichf ef;ay;zd@k xifae=uw,f?”
“'Dwcgawmh OuUX}uD;armfrSm tdyfaxmifudk;ck&SdwJh ausmydk;tdyfuav; ryg
vmawmhb;l ? apmifEpS x f nf&,f/ ukwt f uspô w k f wxnf&,f/ od;k arG;qG,w f m wxnf &,f/
xD;pkww f acsmif;&,f 'gyyJ gawmhw,f? xD;eJ@ pmtkyx f yk uf akd wmh olu, kd w
f ikd of ,f w,f? olu
c&D;oGm;vd@k aygah yhgyg;yg;&Sw d /hJ aumuf&;kd zdeyfawGx;kd zd@k ajymwwfw,f?” [k csizf ek ;f u ajymjyonf?
aemufwv=umv#if armfwiG f ukwt f usaô v; r&Sad wmh? '%f &m &aom &Jabmfwa,mufukd
ay;ypfvu kd of nf? armfwiG f wdu k yf uJG zrf;rdvm aom jrif;uav;waumif ygonf? od@k &mwGif
armfonf jrif;pD;onf[I l r&S?d &Jabmfrsm; ESihf ajcvsiaf v#mufonf? jrif;udk 0efwifonf?
armfu tajccHpcef;udk a&$@vsm;aeap&ef/ &efou l kd rdred ,fajrxJo@kd jrSLac: &ef
e,fajrxuf/ vlukd t"duxm;I/ xde;f odr;f &ef/ wavsmufv;kH t}uHay;cJo h nf? od@k &mwGif
ol@t}uHay;csuu f kd ygwu D vufrcHc?hJ aemifaomtcgwiG f TtawG@ t }uHKESihf ywfoufI/
armfu atmufygtwdik ;f a&;cJo h nf? (“w&kwaf wmfveS af &;ppf. aoe*FAsL[m jy\emrsm;”
vufa&G;pifusr;f / twGJ 1)
88
“ppfajrjyifa&$@vsm;r_a=umifh u|efawmfwdk@&@J e,fajry%mr[mvJ rwnf +idrf
a&$@vsm;ae&w,f? 'ga=umifh u|eaf wmfw@kd &@J pDru H ed ;f [m 'Dtajctaeay:rSm wnf+yD;/
a&;qG&J r,f? qkwcf mG r_r&Syd J t+rJa&G@$ wwfae&r,fv@kd oabmrxm;tyfz;l ? u|eaf wmfw@kd [m
xdkifzdk@vJtoifh&Sd&r,f? csDwwfzdk@vJ tqifoifh&Sd&r,f? tcsdefra&G; csDwufEdkifatmif
&dumQ toif&h &dS r,f? a&$@vsm;r_ukd 'Dae@ usio hf ;kH Edik yf gr/S reufjzefrmS wnf +ird rf /_ aemufq;kH vH;k 0
wnf+idrrf r_ sKd ;udk &Edik v f rd rhf ,f----?”
“or&d;k us ppfyu JG kd wdu k cf siwf hJ t,ltq[m yÌrwefjyef xd;k ppfumv (1933-
34) wke;f u u|eaf wmfw@kd ygwx D rJ mS awmfawmf=oZm}u;D cJw h ,f? 'Dt,l t qu a&G@vsm;r_ukd
jiif;ygw,f? “ajymufusm; 0g'” vd@k orkw=f uw,f? 'D&aJ bmfawG [m olw@kd u, kd o f w l @kd
Edik if }H uD;wEdik if &H @J tkypf ;kd olawGavmufxif+yD; jy\emawGukd pD rHcef@c=JG uw,f? &v'ftjzpf
tvGe}f u;D rm;xl;jcm;wJh a&G@vsm;r_}u;D / rdik f (6000) ausmf &Sw d hJ a&G@vsm;r_}u;D ay:aygucf &hJ w,f?”
c&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJ
1934 ck atmufwb kd mvY wyfeaD wmfyxr/ wwd,/ yÌr/ tXrESihf t rSwf
(19) ppfajrjyifwyfrawmfrsm;/ c&D;&Snf csw D ufyu JG kd pwif=uonf? Twyfrsm; tm;vH;k rSm
A[dt k ajccHpcef;. yxr ppfrsuEf mS wyfrawmfjzpfonf? yxr ppfrsuf ESm wyfrawmf.
ppfaoemywdcsKyfrmS csLaw;jzpfonf? xdpk Ofu armfonf Edik if aH &; r_;[k ,lq&onf? 1932
ckwiG f usi;f yo!fh ygwu D eG uf &ufY/ armfonf Edik if aH &;r_; &mxl;l rS wm0efcsccH &hJ onf? Tod@k jzifh
wyfEiS hf tquftoG,f jywfc&hJ onf? od@k &m wGif awmfveS af &; ppfaumfr&Siu f kd jyefz@JG o!fh
tcgY/ armfonf Edik if aH &;r_;ae&mod@k jyef a&mufonf[k cef@reS ;f &onf?
'kw, d wyfr;_ }uD;rSm ydeaf wh[KdG ifjzpfonf? ,Jch si, f if;u ppfO;D pD;csKyf/ vsLydk csi;f u
ppfqifa&; OD;pD;r_;tjzpf/ wm0ef,l&onf? EdkifiHa&;r_;rsm;/ au'gtrsm;tjym; rSm
armfoif=um;avhusiahf y;cJo h rl sm; jzpf=uonf?
c&D;&Sncf sw D ufyJG pwif&o!f/h tajctaeonf tvGeq f ;kd onf? &dumQ u vnf;
vHv k akH vmufavmufr&S?d toH;k r0ifaom/ 0efpnfpv,frsm;uvnf; rsm; onf? ppfqifa&;
pDru H ed ;f [lIvnf;r&S?d Tajymif;a&$@rt _ wGuf t"du wm0ef&o dS rl mS uGejf rLepf tifwmae&Sief ,f
tzG@J csKyf/ ud, k pf m;vnf *smrefvrl sKd ; b&Ge;f ac: vDawh jzpfonf? awmfveS af &;ppfaumfr&Siw f iG f
rnfo@l xifjrifcsuu f rkd #/ *&krpdu k ?f ud, k hf oabmjzihf ud, k x f if&mpdik ;f onf? aumfr&Six f w H iG f
cseaf y&Si;f wa,mufom ol@ukd axmufco H nf?
1934 ck atmufwb kd mv (16) &ufae@r/S 1935 ck Zefe0g&v D txdjzpf aom/
c&D;&Sncf sw D ufy/JG yxrtqifw h iG f wyfeaD wmfonf wyfom;trsm;tjym; qH;k &_;H cJ&h onf?
vDawh. pdwu f ;l rSm/ yxrppfrsuEf mS wyfrawmfukd [d@k vek f uGyu f oJ !f/h 'kw,d ppfrsuEf mS
89
wyfrawmfEiS hf aygi;f &efjzpfonf? vDawhem;vnfo!f/h ppfoyd y`H nmonf/ tajzmifch sw D ufo!f/h
ppfy&d,m,fjzpfonf? vDawhonf/ tajccHpcef; ESihf [d@k vek . f pcef;udk rsO;f ajzmifq h oJG nf?
xdrk sO;f ajzmift h wdik ;f wyfrsm;udck sw D uf&ef/ trde@f xw k o
f nf? od@k &mwGif ajryHrk &S?d armfpxk m;o!fh
ajryHtk csKd @om&So d nf? ajryHYk vDawhcsw D ufvo kd !fh rsO;f ajzmifth wdik ;f oGm;v#if vrf;r&S?d
wdkufyJGrsm; wdkufcJh&jcif;/ tpmiwfjcif;/ qm;r&Sdjcif; po!fh=um;xJu wyfeDawmfonf
&efo0l ikd ;f ywfxm;aom ,GcD si;f pcef;udk azmufxu G &f onf? vrf;wGif ulrifwef wyf&if;}u;D (100)
ESihf wdu k yf JG }uD; (9) yGwJ ukd cf &hJ onf? wyfom; (25000) usq;kH cJ&h onf?
tpDtpOft&/ nwGifom csDwufI/ ae@wGif wyfem;=uonf? odk@&mwGif
*smrefrsm;armif;o!fh/ ulrifwefav,OfysHrsm;u/ ava=umif;rS wdkufcdkuf=uojzifh/
aumif;aumif;rem;&? TwGif na&m/ ae@yg/ av;em;&Dem;I/ av;em;&DcsDwuf&ef
trde@f xw k o f nf? od@k &mwGif em;csed rf &?
“ae@wdkif;wdkufyGJcsnf; wdkufae&w,f? &efoltiftm;u/ odyfrsm;vGef;awmh
u|efawmfwdk@wawG/ wyfeDawmf oDcsif;udkqdk+yD;/ &Jaq;wif=uw,f? vrf;av#muf&if;
tdyf=u&w,f? tdyf&if; vrf;av#muf=u&w,f? tJ'Dwkef;u u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;&J@
tmoDouawmh tdyaf &;00 tdyzf @kd y?J 'gayr,fh rtdyEf ikd b f ;l ? tdycf sed rf &bl;? use;f rmolawG/
rusef;rmolawGudk wGJac:csDydk;vmcJh&w,f? wyfeJ@ uGJrusef&pfcJhcsifbl;? 'g a=umifh
wa,mufuw kd a,muf/ }udK;awGe@J w+JG yD;/ qGaJ c:vmcJ=h u&w,f?” [k c&D;&Snf csw D ufyJG
wyfom;a[mif;}uD;rsm;u ajymjy=uonf?
rsOf;wHwacsmif;vdk tajzmifhcsDvmo!@f wyfeDawmfonf/ qD,efjrpf ta&S@
bufurf;odk@a&mufonf? trdef@t& TjrpfudkjzwfI/ [leefe,fxJodk@0ifonf? xdkrS
taemufajrmufbufo@kd csKd ;um/ [d@k vek . f 'kw,d ppfrsuEf mS wyfrawmfEiS hf aygi;f &ef jzpfonf?
odk@&mwGif a&S@Y ulrifwefppfwyf}uD;u/ qD;ydwfxm;onf? wyfeDawmfonf jrpfudk
jzwfu;l Edik &f eftwGu/f ppfa=umif;ESpaf =umif;udjk zef@um/ tv,fwiG f “vrf; =um;” wck
zGifhay;onf? T “vrf;=um;” rSaeI/ &duQmydk@olrsm;/ uav;rsm;/ trsdK; orD;rsm;/
aq;wyfz@JG rsm;udk ul;aponf? &efou l 'v=urf;zdypfaeo!f=h um;xJu jzwfu;l &jcif;jzpfojzif/h
trsm;tjym; '%f&m&=uonf? od@k &mwGif o,fp&m xrf; pif vHv k akH vmufavmufr&S?d
'%f&m&olrsm;udk tpkvu kd /f t+yHKvduk f ypfxm;cJ&h onf// '%f&m jyif;v#i/f ratmfrad p&ef/
rnnf;rdap&ef udk,fhyg;pyfudk,f/ t0wfjzifhqdk@=u& onf? au'gtrsm;tjym;vnf;
wyfom;rsm;ESit fh wl wdu k &f if;/ usq;kH cJ=h u&onf? armfonf '%f&m&wyfom; wa,mufukd
+cHKay;cJ&h rkH #om/ wwfEikd o f nf?
qD,efjrpful;wdkufyGJonf/ wywfcef@=uonf? tustqHk;u a=umufcref;
90
vdvjd zpfonf? urf;pyfwiG f '%f&m&ol/ usq;kH olw@kd yGpm}uJvsu&f o dS nf? Twdu k yf JG wGif
wyfeaD wmfonf/aemufxyfwyfom; (30000) qH;k &_;H cJ&h onf?
“wcsKd @ '%f&m&olawGukd 'Dtwdik ;f pGe@f ypfc&hJ w,f? xrf;pifvnf; r&Sad wmh bl;?
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2009 = 2010 oufwrf; tvif;tdr&f aJ bmf / &Jarrsm;
Luminary Magazine Volume 4, No. 4

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