1.

-OH 3 (Glyceride)
((Glyceryl Ester)
+ +
3RCOOH + CH2 - OH CH2 - OOCR
CH - OH
CH - OOCR + 3H2O
CH2 - OH CH2 - OOCR
C3H5(OH)3
R
Glyceride 3
. Monoglyceride 1
. Diglyceride 2
. Triglyceride 3
7

R
R
R
R
R

2 3
R
1 2 1 2
R 1 2 2 1
R
2 1 1 2
3 3

2.
3.
> >

110
4. (Rancidity)

(Antioxidant) Vitamin C E
2
. Hydrolysis Hydrolyse
. Oxidation O2 Oxidise
5.
6.
+ Na OH +
R
R + 3NaOH 3RCOONa +
R

RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH

RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O
7.

RCOO Na
+

CO 2 Na
n

+2

2C17H35COONa + Ca

[C17H35COO]2Ca+ 2Na

2+

2+

2+

8. (Hard water) Mg , Ca , Fe
2
. HCO 3
-

. Cl , SO 2
4
9.
(Detergent)

111
2
. (ROSO3Na)
+

O so3 Na
. (RSO3Na)

+
so3 Na

1.

LAS ()

- +

CH3-(CH2)n

SO3 Na

+
so3 Na

2.
CH3-(CH2)n - CH

+
so3 Na

CBS ABS ()

CH3
+
so3 Na

3.
CH3-CH-CH2-CH- - - - - CH3

+
so3 Na

CH3

1 2 3
(C12H25

C12H25

SO3H + NaOH C12H25

SO3Na)
SO3Na + H2O

Builder Na5P3O1O (
)

10. (Lipase)

11. Iodine no. I2 100 Iodination

1. C H O ,
Cm(H2O)n
2. Polyhydroxy aldehyde ketone
aldehyde ketone

112

H
OH
H
H

C- H

C- H

CCCC-

OH
H
OH
OH

H
OH
OH
H

CH2OH

CCCC-

CH2OH

OH
H
H
OH

C=O
HO - C - H
HO - C - H
H - C - OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

3. 3
. Monosacharide

C6H12O6

. Disacharide C12H22O11
2C6H12O6

C12H22O11 + H2O

Glu + Galac
Glu + Glu

Glu + Suc

. Polysacharide ( C6H10O5 )n
n C6H12O6 ( C6H10O5 )n + n H2O
Cellulose
(Starch)
()

Glycogen
4. (Amylase)

5.
1. (Cu2 O)
O
O
( -C-H) - (-CH-C-)
OH

113
O
-C-HO

O
> + Benedict R-C-O + Cu2O
(Cu2+citrate )

- CH-C-H
OH

2.
3. ()

1. C H O
N S P Cn,Fe,Zn
2. Polymerization Condensation
Polypeptide 5000
3. (NH2)
(COOH) 1
R - CH - COOH
NH2
Amphiprotic
R - CH - COOH
NH2

R - CH - COOH
NH +
OH
R - CH3 - COO- + H2O

NH2

.
1. Non essential
2. Essential - 8 Lysine Leucine Isoleucine Valine Treonine Methionine
Tryptophan Phenylalanine
.
1. HOOC - CH - CH2- COOH
NH2

114
2.

NH2-CH-CH2-CH2-NH2
COOH

3. NH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
4.
1.
2.
5. 2 1

O
O
R-CH-C-OH + NH2-CH-COOH R-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH + H2O
NH2

NH2

O
O
O
O
(-C-(CH2)4 -C-NH-(CH2)6-NH-C-(CH2)4 -C-)n
O
O
9
NH2-(CH2)7-C-NH-(CH2)3-C-NH-CH2-COOH
.
.
.
6.

7. (Biuret) CuSO4 NaOH

8.
Pb(NO3)2

1.

115
2.



3.
40 C pH 7

4.
- (CH4)
-

(Fermentation)

C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2

Zymase

10

1. ROH
H2SO4
2. C2H5COOH + ROH
H2O
3. C5H10
H2SO4
Br2
4. A C6H12Br2
CCl4
5. B + NaOH C5H11COONa + H2O
6. C + NaOH RCOONa + C2H5OH
7. D + NaOH C17H35COONa + H2O

116
8. C8H17COOH + P C8H17COOCH3 + H2O

NaHCO

3
9. Q
10. (CH2 = CH2)n
COOH
11.

+ C5H11OH
KMnO4

12.

A
H2SO4

OH

OH

H 2O
13. CH3-CH2-CH = CH2 B
H2SO4
11

1. + O2 CO2 + H2O
2. + CO2
3. +
4. + + H2O
5.
6. CH2 = CH-Cl P.V.C
7. C17H35COOH + KOH C17H35COOK + H2O

8. C4H9OH C4H8
H2SO4
9. C6H14 + Br2 C6H13Br + HBr
KMnO4
10. C5H10 C5H10(OH)2
H2SO4