Li gii thiu

c ni vi H Tin - Kin Lng (tnh Kin Giang) cha ng ti nguyn sinh hc phong ph v c ngha rt ln v vn ha, quc phng, lch s v kinh t. Theo nghin cu ca nhiu nh khoa hc, nhng hang ng trong cc ni vi ca tnh Kin Giang c t tin chng ta s dng cch y hng ngn nm. Nhiu di ch thuc nn vn ha Ph Nam c tm thy ti cc ni vi Cha Hang v Hang Tin. Cc vng vi c a hnh c o vi cc cnh quan c hnh thnh ch yu do nc ha tan m c thnh phn cacbonat (thng l vi, dolomit hay hoa cng). Qu trnh a cht tri qua hng ngn nm dn n cc b mt a hnh, cc h thng sng ngm v hang ng c o.

Ni B Ti Ba Tai Hill

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Hin ti, vic khai thc vi to ra cc c hi kinh t quan trng cho vng nhng cng t ra nhiu cu hi lin quan n s cn bng gia pht trin kinh t v bo v mi trng. Cc ni vi l mi trng sng ca nhiu khu h sinh vt c o, trong c nhiu loi vn cha c bit n, nht l nhng loi sng trong cc hang ng. Nu khng hnh ng kp thi, nhng b n thin nhin tuyt vi ny c th s bin mt trc khi chng c khm ph. Ti liu ny nhm cung cp cho c gi quan tm n vi tnh Kin Giang mt s thng tin c bn ca khu vc. Khi bin son ti liu ny, chng ti mong mun gp phn thc y cc bin php qun l bn vng ngun ti nguyn vi nhm em li li ch hi ha cho cng ng a phng, cc doanh nghip v du khch.

THE kaRST OF kiEN GiaNG -

Introduction

he karst mountains of Ha Tien - Kien Luong Plain in Kien Giang Province not only are home to a rich biodiversity but also have significant cultural, defense, historical and economic values. According to scientists, the karst caves were first used by our ancestors thousands of years ago. Several archaeological sites of the Funan culture were discovered in the karst formations of Chua Hang and Hang Tien Island. Karst is a distinctive topography in which the landscape is largely shaped by the dissolving action of water on carbonate bedrock (usually limestone, dolomite, or marble). This geological process, occurring over many thousands of years, results in unusual surface and subsurface features ranging from sinkholes, vertical shafts, disappearing streams, and springs, to complex underground drainage systems and caves.

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Limestone quarrying for cement production has brought economic benefits for this area but raises questions about the balance between economic development and environmental protection. Limestone provides the habitat for endemic species of flora and fauna, many of which have yet to be scientifically described, particularly those living in caves. If no action is taken, these great wonders of nature will disappear before they are discovered. This guide aims to give readers who are interested in the karst of Kien Giang Province a basic introduction to the region. The publication of this guide is motivated by the desire to promote the sustainable management of karst for the benefit of local communities, business, and visitors.

Hang Tin v Hn L Cc Hang Tien and Lo Coc Islands

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Li cm n
ln thng tin trong ti liu ny c cung cp bi hai d n 06-86493 v 09-92488-000GSS do MacArthur Foundation ti tr cho Trung tm a dng Sinh hc v Pht trin (CBD) thuc Vin Sinh hc Nhit i, vi s tham gia nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc Vit Nam v quc t n t Php, H Lan, c, Canada v M. Ti liu ny khng ch l kt qu ca hai d n trn m cn l kt qu u tin ca s hp tc gia CBD - Vin Sinh hc Nhit i v T chc Bo tn Thin nhin Quc t (IUCN) ti Vit Nam nhm gp phn bo tn nhng khu vc vi cn li ca huyn Kin Lng, tnh Kin Giang. Ban bin tp xin cm n cc ng nghip ti CBD, Vin Sinh hc Nhit i v Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin thnh ph H Ch Minh ng gp hnh nh v nhiu kin hu ch. Xin cm n anh o Vn Hong cung cp hnh v rt p v loi lan Bu ru Calanthe kienluongensis Tich, N.T. & Sam, L.N.. Xin cm n ng Jake Brunner (iu phi chng trnh ca IUCN ti Vit Nam) v GS. TS. Herbert Covert (trng i hc Colorado ti Boulder - M) hiu nh phn ting Anh. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n y ban Nhn dn v cc ban ngnh trong tnh Kin Giang, gm S Khoa hc v Cng ngh, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, S Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn, S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch v Ban qun l Rng c dng v phng h Hn t - Kin H ng h v to iu kin thun li cho vic trin khai cc hot ng nghin cu trong thi gian qua.
8 Ni vi kiN GiaNG

hn

CBD

Acknowledgement
ost of the information in this guidebook results from projects 06-86493 and 09-92488-000-GSS funded by the MacArthur Foundation and implemented by the Center for Biodiversity and Development (CBD) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB), which houses scientists from Vietnam, France, The Netherlands, Germany, Canada and USA. This document is also an output of the cooperation between CBD, ITB and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Vietnam, to conserve the remaining karst hills in Kien Luong District, Kien Giang Province. The editorial board would like to thank colleagues at CBD, ITB, and the Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Sciences for contributing photos and information. Thanks to Mr. Dao Van Hoang for his drawing of the orchid Calanthe kienluongensis Tich, N.T. & Sam, L.N. We are also grateful to Jake Brunner, Programme Coordinator of IUCN in Vietnam and Professor Herbert Covert from the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, for editing the English manuscript. We are grateful to the Peoples Committee of Kien Giang Province and provincial departments of Science and Technology, Natural Resources and Environment, Agriculture and Rural Development, and Culture, Sport and Tourism and the Hon Dat - Kien Ha Special Use and Protection Forest Management Board for their continued support for our research in Kien Giang.
CBD
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Tng quan ni vi
Ti Vit Nam ni vi chim khong 20% tng din tch c nc, gm khong 60.000 km2 phn b ch yu trong cc khu vc: Vit Bc, Ty Bc, Bc Trung b v ng Bc (Vnh H Long), mt din tch nh ti Nng v Kin Giang. Ni vi ti Vit Nam c hnh thnh c tnh vo khong Lin i Nguyn sinh n K t (khong 2.500 triu nm n 2,6 triu nm trc y).

Background of karsT
In Vietnam, karst covers almost 20% of the land area, or about 60,000 sq. km, and is distributed in five zones: North-west, North-east (Ha Long Bay), North-central, and small areas in Da Nang City and Kien Giang Province. The karst limestone dates from the Proterozoic to the Quaternary (from 2,500 million years to 2.6 million years ago).

Ni B Ti B Ti Ni Ba Tai Hill Ba Tai Hill

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Cc ni vi Kin Lng, tnh Kin Giang Karst hills in Kien Luong, Kien Giang Province

ang khai thc/Exploited Cha khai thc/Not exploited

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u g CS HananC Su H g Sau Hill a a Sau hiil ng C HaHang C

Ni B Ti Ba Ta i Hill

H thng ni vi Kin Lng - H Tin nm trong qun th ni vi ko di t Kin Giang - Vit Nam sang Kampot Campuchia. Tuy din tch ch 3,6 km2 nhng tnh a dng sinh hc cc k quan trng.

The karst of Kien Luong - Ha Tien is part of a karst complex that stretches from Kien Giang in Vietnam to Kampot in Cambodia. Although karst only covers 3.6 sq. km, it is biologically extremely important.

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Nhng khm ph u tin v tnh a dng sinh hc ca cc hn ni vi Kin Giang to nn sc hp dn, ng lc ku gi s quan tm v nghin cu ca cc nh nghin cu khoa hc trong v ngoi nc.

Recent biological discoveries from the Kien Giang karst have attracted the attention and research of national and international scientists.

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y l vng ni vi duy nht pha Nam Vit Nam, vi khong 21 hn ni nh nm ri rc trong vng ng bng ngp nc H Tin. Chnh s bit lp v a l to nn tnh c hu v a dng ring bit cho vng ni vi ny.

This is the unique karst area in southern Vietnam with 21 small hills scattering across the Ha Tien plain. Their geographic isolation from other karst formations in Vietnam has led to high levels of speciation and endemism.

Ni B Ti Ba Tai Hill THE kaRST OF kiEN GiaNG -

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ngun gc
c c cnh quan chng ta thy hin nay, phi mt n 400 triu nm hot ng v kin to ca v Tri t, qu trnh tch ly canxi ca cc sinh vt v cc yu t v kh hu, nc.

origin
Todays landscape is the result of 400 million years of tectonic activity, calcium carbonate accumulation, climate factors and water.

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Hang Tin Tien Cave

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 vi l trm tch, hnh thnh t cc sinh vt bin nh san h, v mai hay xng ca cc sinh vt cht trm lng v tch ly di y bin, v k c t cc phn vi c.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock. It is made of layers of corals and shells that were deposited on the sea bed. It may also include crushed pieces of older limestones.

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THE kaRST OF kiEN GiaNG -

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Hang Tin Tien Cave

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Thnh phn khong vT

Thnh phn ha hc ca vi ch yu l khong cht canxit (cacbonat canxi - CaCO3). vi t khi dng tinh khit, m thng b ln nhiu tp cht khc nhau nh silic, thch anh.

Mineral coMposiTion
The chemical composition of karst is mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcite. Limestone is rarely found in pure form but usually includes quartz, iron oxides, and other minerals.

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qu Trnh kacsT
y l hin tng phong ha c trng ni vi do nc chy lm xi mn. S xi mn khng phi do c ch c hc, m do kh cacbonic CO2 trong khng kh ha tan vo nc to thnh axit cacbonic (H2CO3). Axit ny chnh l tc nhn n mn vi. Kt qu ca qu trnh kacst trong t nhin l nhng hang ng tuyt p vi nh v mng .

karsTificaTion
The karstification process is caused by water erosion and chemical reactions. The process starts with atmospheric CO2 dissolving in water and forming carbonic acid (H2CO3). This acid dissolves the limestone and leads to the formation of caves, stalactites, stalagmites, and other features.

Hang C Su Hang Ca Sau Hill

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Hang C Su Hang Ca Sau Hill

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Din bin qu trnh phong ha theo phng trnh phn ng: S to thnh axit cacbonic H2O (lng) + CO2 (kh) H2CO3 (axit yu)

Axit ha tan vi, to thnh dung dch mui bicacbonat canxi (Ca(HCO3)2). T hnh thnh nhng khe , hang ng k v. CaCO3 (rn) + H2CO3 (axit yu) (trong vi) Ca(HCO3)2 (dung dch) CaCO3 (rn) + H2O (lng) + CO2 (kh) (nh , mng ,...) Ca(HCO3)2 (dung dch)

The karstification process is described in the following reactions: The formation of carbonic acid H2O (liquid) + CO2 (gas) H2CO3 (weak acid)

This acid dissolves limestone to form calcium bicacbonat (Ca(HCO3)2) and produces magnificent cracks and caves in the rock: CaCO3 (solid) + H2CO3 (weak acid) (in karst) Ca(HCO3)2 (solution) CaCO3 (solid) + H2O (liquid) + CO2 (gas) (stalactites, stalagmites, etc.) Ca(HCO3)2 (solution)

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lng ng cacBonaT canxi

Qu trnh lng ng canxit bt u vi mt git nc cha y khong cht. Khi git nc ny ri xung, n li pha sau mt vng mng cha canxit. Mi git tip theo c hnh thnh v ri xung u ngng t mt vng canxit khc. Cui cng, cc vng ny to thnh mt ng rng rt hp (0,5 mm), gi l cng thch nh.

calciuM carBonaTe deposiTion

Calcite deposition starts with a drop of calcite-rich water. The dripping of this water creates a little ring that gradually forms a hollow tube with a diameter of about 0.5mm called a stalactite straw.

Qu trnh ny din ra rt chm, ngi ta c tnh trong khong 100 nm th cng thch nh ch di ra khong 2,5 cm! Cc cng thch nh mc ra chm chp nhng li rt d gy.

This process takes place very slowly, often taking 100 years for a straw to grow only 2.5cm. These straws are also very fragile.

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V vy, hy cn thn khi bn vo hang ng. Nu v tnh lm gy cng thch nh th s rt lu thin nhin c th phc hi li!

So be careful when you visit a cave as once a straw is broken, it takes a long time to grow back!

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hnh Thnh Thch nh

V t mt cng thch nh s bt u hnh thnh nn thch nh. Khi phn rng bn trong cng b nght li, dng nc khng th chy bn trong v chy trn ra bn ngoi, dn dn cng dy thm ln, di ra v treo trn trn hang ng. Mi nm, thch nh ln ln vi tc khong 0,13 mm. Tc ln ca thch nh c th t 3 mm mi nm, nht l nhng ni c dng nc di do bicacbonat canxi v kh cacbonic.

forMaTion of sTalacTiTe
A stalactite straw is the beginning of a stalactite. When the inside of the tube becomes blocked, preventing water from running down the inside of the tube, water runs down the outside, depositing calcite, thickening and elongating the straw to form a stalactite that hangs from the cave ceiling. Every year, the straw grows 0.13mm on average and up to 3mm a year in conditions of abundant calcium bicarbonate and atmospheric carbonic.

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Thch nh trong Hang Tin Stalactite in Tien Cave

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hnh Thnh Mng

Cng lc vi s hnh thnh thch nh, nhng git nc mang theo mt lng canxit ri xung nn . iu ny dn n s tch t canxit di nn v to thnh mng .

forMaTion of sTalagMiTe
Water that drips onto the floor of the cave deposits calcite. This calcite deposit builds a stalagmite that grows up from the ground.

hnh Thnh cT
Khi mng v thch nh gp nhau s hnh thnh ct .

forMaTion of liMesTone coluMn

When a stalactite and a stalagmite meet, they join to form a limestone column that stretches from the floor to ceiling.

Mng Hang Tin Stalagmite in Hang Tien Cave

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hnh Thnh hang ng

Hang ng c hnh thnh t qu trnh kacst.

forMaTion of cave
Cave is formed by karstification.

Hang Tin Tien Cave

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Bin Tin Bin li

Cc nh khoa hc khi nghin cu v mc nc bin khu vc Sundaland (vng ng Nam ngy nay) cho thy cch y khong 21.000 nm mc nc bin thp hn hin ti khong 120 m. Vo thi k ny, gn nh ton b vng t lin v cc o trong vng ng Nam hin nay ni lin vi nhau, to iu kin cho cc loi thc vt v ng vt di c, pht tn. Vo gia Th Holocene, khong 4.500 nm trc y, mc nc bin dng cao khong 5 m so vi mc nc bin hin ti. Tc ng ca sng bin ln cc ni vi trong thi gian di hnh thnh nn h thng hang chn sng rt c sc hu ht cc ni vi Hn Chng Kin Lng.

sea-level change
21,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, sea level in Southeast Asia was about 120m lower than at present. At the time, most of the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia were interconnected, which allowed the migration and dispersal of plants and animals. In the mid-Holocene epoch, about 4,500 years ago, sea level rose about 5m above present. The impact of sea waves on the limestone formed the gorgeous system of wave-like caves in most karsts in Hon Chong -Kien Luong.

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Hang Tin Hang Tien Island

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gi Tr kho c hc
Cc lp tch t trong hang ng lun l bng chng ca thi xa cung cp thng tin qu gi cho kho c hc, qua chng ta c th bit c i sng ca c dn v sinh vt c trc kia. Theo cc nh khoa hc th h thng hang ng vng Hn Chng - Kin Lng cha ng cc di tch kho c hc ca thi k trc vn minh Ph Nam (u Cng Nguyn n na th k By). Nhiu di ch ca nn vn ha Ph Nam c tm thy ti cc hang ng nh Hang Tin v Cha Hang.

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Hang B Ti Ba Tai Cave

archaeological values
Layers of karst in caves are often the only source of archaeological information about the lives of ancient residents. According to scientists, the cave system of Hon Chong - Kien Luong holds archaeological remains from before the Funan culture (AD 0 to the middle of the seventh century). Many sites dating from the Funan culture have been found in caves such as Hang Tien (Tien Cave) and Chua Hang (Cave Temple).

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gi Tr vn ha
Kin Giang l ni giao thoa nn vn ha ca nhiu dn tc anh em Kinh, Hoa, Kh Me. Cc ni vi thng c xem nh l ni thing ling c ngha ln trong i sng tm linh ca ngi dn bn a, nht l Pht t. Hng nm, cha Hang t chc l hi long trng t ngy mng 8 n ngy 15 thng 4 m lch. y l nhng ngy hi mng Pht n c t chc vi nt vn ha c sc.

culTural iMporTance
Kien Giang is place of cultural interactions among many ethnic groups, including the Kinh, Chinese, and Khmer. Many karst hills are considered sacred places that play a significant role in the spiritual life of indigenous people, especially Buddhists. Every year, the Hang Temple hosts a solemn festival from the 8th to the 15th of the fourth lunar month. This Buddhist festival is a remarkable cultural event.

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gi Tr lch s
Hang Tin gn lin vi du tch ca vua Gia Long (1762-1820), ni y c cho l ni ng tr n trc s truy lng ca Nh Ty Sn. Trong hai cuc khng chin chng Php v M, hang ng ni vi vng H Tin l cn c a bt khut v kin cng cho lc lng du kch v b i ta xut n bt thn nh vo k ch. Theo lch s ghi li, h thng hang ng vng H Tin ny rt an ton trc nhng v kh hin i ca k th v l thnh tr kin c nht c th ngn cn c thm ha sng thn. Nhiu cnh quan ni vi tr thnh biu tng v c cng nhn l di tch lch s nh Mo So, Cha Hang, Hang Tin.

hisTorical iMporTance
Tien Cave is associated with relics of King Gia Long (17621820). It was once a shelter for the king while hiding from Tay Son soldiers. During the wars against foreign enemies, the caves of Ha Tien formed impregnable bases for guerrilla forces and soldiers to attack the enemies. The areas cave system was a safe shelter against strikes from modern weapons and tsunami. Many karst mountains have become historical symbols and memorials such as Mo So, Chua Hang, and Hang Tien.

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Mt im du lch Ni Dng A tourist site at Da Dung Hill

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Kin Giang ni ting vi nhng danh lam thng cnh nh Cha Hang, Thch ng, Dng v c bit l Hn Ph T.

Kien Giang is famous thanks to sights such as Chua Hang (Hang Temple), Thach Dong (Stony Cave), Da Dung (Cliff Mount), and especially Hon Phu Tu (Father and Son Island).

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du lch sinh Thi

vi Kin Giang c hnh thnh t cc trm tch bin hng triu nm trc. Qu trnh phong ha kin to nn nhng kit tc thin nhin k th: vch ni thng ng, nhng hang ng thch nh... vi hnh dng c o.

ecoTourisM
The karst of Kien Giang was formed from marine sediments that were deposited and hardened millions of years ago. Weathering processes have created natural masterpieces including impressive vertical cliffs, stalactites, and stalagmites, all with striking shapes.

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a dng sinh hc ni vi
Ngoi gi tr cnh quan v vn ha lch s, ni vi Kin Giang c nh gi l mt trong nhng khu vc c tnh a dng sinh hc vi t l cc loi c hu rt cao, t ni no snh c. Tnh n nay, din tch ni vi ch cn vi km2, nhng tnh a dng v sinh cnh v h sinh thi c nh gi rt cao, do c im vi kh hu v a hnh g gh, c nhiu hang ng,...

BiodiversiTy of The karsT

As well as its landscape, cultural, and historical values, the karst in Kien Giang Province is a hotspot of biological diversity and endemism. Only a few square kilometres of karst remain. However, its diversity of habitats and ecosystems, the result of its diverse topography and micro-climates, is very high.

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Hang Tin Hang Tien Island

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Thc vT
ghi nhn c 322 loi thc vt cho khu vc ny, trong mt s loi c tn trong Sch Vit Nam v Danh lc Th gii. Chng hn, loi Thin tu (Cycas clivicola subsp. lutea) l loi c xp vo mc sp b e da (NT) qui m ton cu v mc s nguy cp (VU) qui m quc gia v qun th ang b suy gim, ch yu do hot ng khai thc vi lm thu hp sinh cnh t nhin. Ti Vit Nam, loi ny ch c ti vng vi thuc tnh Kin Giang.

flora
322 plant species have been recorded in the region, many of which are listed in the 2007 edition of the Vietnam Red Book and are also assessed as rare globally. For example, Cycas clivicola subsp. lutea is classified as near threatened (NT) globally and vulnerable (VU) nationally. Its population has been reduced significantly due to loss of habitat mainly caused by limestone quarrying. In Vietnam, this species is only found in Kien Giang.

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iu kin khc nghiT

Cc ni vi hu nh khng c tng t mt hay ch ph mt lp rt mng v lun chu tc ng bi iu kin khc nghit ca mi trng: nng, nhit cao v tc ng mnh ca gi. Chnh v vy, thc vt sng y hnh thnh nhng c ch thch nghi c bit.

harsh condiTions
Karst has a very thin or no top soil. Environmental conditions are severe with high light intensity, temperature, and exposure to winds. Therefore, plants have evolved with special surviving mechanisms.
Thin tu Cycas clivicola subsp. lutea Thin tu Cycas clivicola subsp. lutea

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c ch c BiT special MechanisM

Mt s loi mc bm trn vch nh b r rt pht trin, bm cht vo cc vch , lun lch vo trong cc khe tm nc v cht khong cho qu trnh sng ca mnh. Chng thc y cho qu trnh phong ha vi. V d: nhiu loi Da, Si vi b r rt n tng.

Some species can grow on cliffs thanks to highly developed roots that stick to the cliff and penetrate into rocks slits to access water and minerals. The roots release acid that dissolves the karst. An example of this remarkable adaptation is figs with
Khoe L Hill Khoe La

their striking root systems.

Ni ca hang ng, mi trng thong mt l ni l tng cho cc thc vt chu bng, a m sinh sng. Hu ht l nhng loi thn tho vi a dng v hnh thi v mu sc lun cun ht ngi xem trc khi bc vo hang ng.

At the door of caves, conditions are suitable for shade-tolerant plants that prefer high soil moisture. Most of them are herb plants that have diverse morphology and colors and attract your attention when you enter the caves.
Hang Mo So Inside Mo So Cave

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Nhng cy nh mng nc thng mc ni hc do nc ma bo mn.

Small succulent plants usually grow in cavities where the rock is weathered by rain water.

Thng tin Epithema brunonis

c rita m sa Cy amo ita h Chir

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ng vT
H ng vt phong ph, vi t nht 155 loi ng vt c xng sng, trong mt s loi chim, th qu him ang c nguy c tuyt chng v cn c bo v.

Voc bc ng Dng Trachypithecus germaini

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fauna
Fauna is abundant with at least 155 vertebrate species including rare and endangered species of birds and mammals.

Thch sng ngn trung gian Cyrtodactylus intermedius

S khoang c Todiramphus chloris

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ng vT khng xng sng

c cn v nhm chn t l hai nhm c th nht ca h sinh thi ni vi. vng nhit i, Kin Lng l mt im nng v a dng sinh hc vi s lng loi ng vt khng xng sng trong t c ghi nhn nhiu nht.

inverTeBraTe aniMals
Arthropods and terrestrial molluscs are the two groups that are most typically found in karst ecosystems. Kien Luong is ranked as one of the richest sites in the tropics for deep soil invertebrates.
c cn Opisthostoma tonkinianum

Khu h c cn vi 65 loi c ghi nhn, trong c n 36 loi mi cho khoa hc v c hu cho vng ny. Khu h ng vt ny c xem nh mt c o c lp vi t loi, nhng t l c hu rt cao.

Ha Tien - Kien Luong is home to more than 65 species of terrestrial mollusc, of which 36 are endemic to the area. The area can be characterized as an isolated habitat with relatively few species but with high levels of endemism.

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c cn Anauchen informis informis

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lng c
L nhng loi ng vt c lp da mm v m t. Chng sng c hai mi trng trn cn v di nc.

Nhi Fejervarya limnocharis

aMphiBians
Those species have a soft and wet skin and they live in both wet and dry environments.

Nhi bu trn Micryletta inornata

Cc nh Duttaphrynus melanostictus

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 ghi nhn t nht c 13 loi lng c. Ngi ta rt kh thy c chng vo ma kh. At least 13 amphibian species have been found. It is very difficult to see them in the dry season.

nh ng Kaloula puchra

Nhi cy ri Chiromantis cf. doriae

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Rn bng gia g Enhydris jagorii

B sT
B st l loi ng vt mu lnh v c nhit c th bin i ty theo nhit mi trng. Thn ln, rn, ra v c su u l b st.

repTiles
Reptiles are ectotherms, i.e. organisms whose body temperature depends on environmental heat sources. Lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles are examples of reptiles.
Thch sng ngn trung gian Cyrtodactylus intermedius

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t nht 32 loi b st c ghi nhn Kin Lng, nhiu loi sinh sng trong cc khe v hang ng.

At least 32 reptile species inhabit the karst. Several reptile species live in rock slits and caves.

Rn lc mp trng Trimeresurus albolabris

Nhng xm Calotes mystaceus Tc k Gekko gecko

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chiM
ghi nhn c 114 loi chim, 6 loi c cp trong Sch Vit Nam v Danh lc Th gii.

Birds
114 bird species have been recorded, six of which are listed in the Vietnam Red Book and IUCN Red List.

Gm gh lng nu Ducula badia

C mui chu ang p trng Caprimulgus asiaticus is egg-hatching

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Ht mt hng hng Nectarinia sperata

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Sc chut la Tamiops rodolphii

Th
ghi nhn 31 loi th, nhiu loi vn cha bit tnh trng qun th.

MaMMals
31 mammal species have been found. Populations of many species are still unknown.

i Tupaya belangeri

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di
ghi nhn 9 loi di sng khu vc vi Kin Giang.

BaTs
Nine species of bat have been recorded in the karst of Kien Giang.
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MT s loi c hu cho vng vi

Mt loi sinh vt c coi l c hu khi loi ny ch sinh sng trn mt vng lnh th gii hn v mt a l no . Cc loi c hu c xem l mt bu vt ca tnh a dng sinh hc. Do tnh c trng v sinh cnh v iu kin sng nn cc loi c tr trn v bn trong ni vi Kin Giang mang tnh c hu rt cao. Ngoi hang ng, iu kin lp a khc bit v tnh c lp, cng vi iu kin mi trng khc nghit gp phn to nn s lng loi c hu kh cao.

soMe endeMic species of The karsT

A species is endemic if its range is restricted to a specific geographical area. Endemic species are regarded as particularly precious elements of the earths biodiversity. Because of its unique habitats and natural conditions, the karst of Kien Giang has a very high rate of endemism. Thin soils and harsh conditions have caused many endemic species.

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Thu hi ng B Ti (Begonia bataiensis) gn y c pht hin ti ni B Ti, b sung vo danh mc thc vt cho khoa hc th gii. Loi thc vt ny thng mc trong cc khe trn ni vi, m c bng mt.

Begonia bataiensis, recently discovered on Ba Tai Hill, is new to science. This species only lives in limestone crevices, in the shade and with high soil moisture.

Thu hi ng B Ti Begonia bataiensis

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iu b (Ornithoboea emarginata) l loi c hu hp ca hn Hang C Su, B Ti, Hang Tin, Mo So. iu b l loi cy chu bng, mc tng bi ri rc trn cc khe nt hay cc hc t nh trn cc vch ng ca hang. Cc hot ng khai thc ti nguyn vi y ang e da nghim trng n s tn ti ca loi thc vt c hu ny.

Ornithoboea emarginata is endemic to Hang Ca Sau, Ba Tai and Mo So Hills and Hang Tien Island. The species is shade tolerant, spottily present in crevices and cavities on limestone cliffs. The survival of this endemic species is threatened by quarrying.

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Lan Bu ru (Calanthe kienluongensis) va c ghi nhn v m t mi cho khoa hc. y l loi rt him, mi ch pht hin ni B Ti m thi, cha tm thy ni khc.

Calanthe

kienluongensis

has

just

been described as new to science. Its distribution is very restricted and to date has only been found on Ba Tai Hill.

Lan Bu ru Calanthe kienluongensis Tranh v / Painting: o Vn Hong

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Mt loi ng vt quan trng khc l Voc bc ng Dng (Trachypithecus germaini), tm thy pha Ty sng M Kng ti Cam Pu Chia v mt s rt t ri rc trong cc tnh thuc Vit Nam l C Mau, Kin Giang, k c Ph Quc. Mt trong nhng ni c tr cui cng ca loi Voc bc ng Dng chnh l vng ni vi thuc Kin Giang. Voc bc ng Dng c ghi nhn Bi Voi, Khoe L, Cha Hang, Hang Tin, v hn L Cc. p lc sn bn cng vi vic khai thc vi, canh tc nng nghip v du lch lm gim vng c tr v thc n cho loi ny. Another important species is the Indochinese silvered langur, which is found west of the Mekong River in Cambodia and in a few fragmented populations in the provinces of Ca Mau and Kien Giang, and on Phu Quoc Island, in Vietnam. Some of the last refuges of the species are the karst hills of Kien Giang. The Indochinese silvered langur has been recorded on Bai Voi, Khoe La, Chua Hang, Hang Tien and Lo Coc. In addition to hunting pressure, the exploitation of the limestone blocks, farming and tourism have dramatically reduced the size of these refuges and limited the available food resources for the langurs.

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Hin nay Voc bc c a vo Sch Th gii vi mc nguy cp (EN). Ngha l loi ny i mt vi nguy c tuyt chng trong t nhin trong tng lai gn nht v ang rt cn c chin lc bo tn hiu qu. The langur is listed as globally Endangered (EN). This means that the species faces a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future and requires a concerted conservation effort to protect it.

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Thn ln ngn (Cyrtodactylus paradoxus): Thn ln ngn ln u tin c m t nm 1997 t mu chun thu c o Hn Thm, tnh Kin Giang. Nhng kho st mi y ca CBD ghi nhn loi ny Cha Hang, B Ti, Bnh An, Khoe L v Sn Ch. y l loi thn ln c hu ca Vit Nam v ring cho tnh Kin Giang.

Cyrtodactylus paradoxus: this species was discovered in 1997 when a specimen was collected on Hon Thom Island. Recent studies by CBD have recorded the species in Chua Hang, Ba Tai, Binh An, Khoe La, and Son Cha Hills. This species is endemic to Kien Giang Province.

Thn ln ngn Cyrtodactylus paradoxus

Thn ln ngn Cyrtodactylus paradoxus

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iu kin mi trng thiu sng l yu t quan trng quyt nh tnh c hu ca cc loi sinh vt sng trong hang ng vi. thch nghi vi iu kin thiu sng trong bng ti, thc n khan him v kh hu t thay i, cc sinh vt sng hang ng phi t p ng bng vic thay i hnh thi, tp tnh cng nh cc chc nng sinh l. Mt s c quan s bin i khc hn so vi cc loi sng bn ngoi hang: mt ca chng s b tiu gim hay bin mt, khng c hay c rt t sc t, chn mt s loi s di ra,... Qu trnh thch nghi lu di trong iu kin thiu sng ny dn n s hnh thnh cc loi mi. Tiu biu cho cc loi ny l cc loi c ni v B nhy.

Shade is an important factor causing high rates of endemism of species living in caves. To cope with the darkness, extreme scarcity of food, and a relatively constant climate, cave animals have all developed physiological, behavioral, and morphological adaptations. Some of their organs or functions differ from those of above-ground species and include absence of or smaller eyes, little or no pigment, and longer legs. The long-term adaptation to darkness has created new species. Typical examples are land snails and collembolan (springtails, distinctive group of invertebrates).

Nhm ng vt khng xng sng c tr trn b mt vi cng rt a dng. c bit l nhm c trn cn, v lp t giu c canxi gip chng pht trin v sinh sn tt.

Invertebrate groups on karst are very diverse. Land snails, in particular, flourish on karst because the calcium-rich soils favours their growth and reproduction.

Cri

D cke t

c il Sna

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khai Thc lM sn ngoi g exploiTaTion of non-TiMBer foresT producTs

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Thu hi v s dng cy Thuc

Hin nay, khu vc ny chu nhiu p lc do tc ng ca con ngi nh lm ry, hi ci,... c bit l vic thu hi cy thuc, cy cnh bn cho khch du lch, lm tng nguy c e da n mt s loi thc vt nh: Bc thau (Paraboea cf. cochinchinensis), Gio c lam (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), Ct toi b (Drynaria quercifolia), Bnh vi (Stephania rotunda),...

collecTion and use of Medicinal planTs

The karst is impacted by different human activities such as farming, fuelwood collection, etc. The collection of medicinal or ornamental plants to sell to tourists is a particular threat to rare plants such as Bac thau (Paraboea cf. cochinchinensis), Giao co lam (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), Cot toai bo (Drynaria quercifolia), Binh voi (Stephania rotunda), etc.

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BT v Bn ng vT hoang d
Hai loi b khai thc v bn ph bin lm dc liu l Tc k bay (Draco maculatus) v Tc k (Gekko gecko). Chng c bn nhiu hnh thc nh cn sng, phi kh v ngm ru ngay pha trc cc cha v a im tham quan nh Cha Hang, Thch ng, Dng,...
Tc k bay Draco maculatus

Bn cnh , cc loi rn cng b khai thc v bn lm thc phm nh rn Sc be, rn Bng sng,...

caTching and Trading wildlife

Two species of wildlife that are commonly caught and sold for traditional medicine are Spotted-flying (Draco maculatus) and Tockay (Gekko gecko). These lizards are dried, preserved in alcohol, or kept alive to sell in front of pagodas and tourist sites including Chua Hang, Thach Dong, and Da Dung. Snakes, such as Cerberus rhynchop and Enhydris
Tc k Gekko gecko

enhydris, are sold in restaurants.

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Tc k Gekko gecko

Hot ng du lch v tn ngng cng nh hng khng nh n cc loi sinh vt sng trong hang ng. Ting n t my pht in v du khch cng nh vic thp n, in trong cc hang ng lm bin mt phn ln cc loi sng y. Travel and religious activities in Hon Chong have impacted the caves. Noise from electricity generators and tourists, as well as light from bulbs and oil lamps, have driven timid species away.

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phT Trin Bn vng cho khu vc ni vi kin giang

Mt s ni vi trong khu vc hin c cp php khai thc sn xut xi mng, vi v phn bn NPK. Vic khai thc ni vi s dn n mt cnh quan v sinh cnh sng ca mt s loi c hu ca khu vc. iu ny t vn l lm th no m bo s cn bng gia pht trin kinh t v bo tn a dng sinh hc, bo v mi trng. Hin nay, nhiu nh khoa hc trong v ngoi nc, cng vi doanh nghip, chnh quyn a phng, cng ng v cc thnh phn lin quan khc ang c nhiu n lc nhm a ra gii php nhm t c mt s cn bng hp l. Do kh nng gim thiu tc ng t khai thc vi rt hn ch, IUCN ang hp tc vi CBD/ITB c gng b p phn no s mt mt mt s ni vi thng qua thc y cc bin php bo tn cc khu vc tng t.

susTainaBle developMenT of The kien giang karsT

Many limestone hills in the region have been exploited for cement production, lime and NPK fertilizer. This has inevitably led to loss of habitat and species, particularly endemic ones. The question this raises is how to handle the trade-offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation. Vietnamese and foreign scientists, in cooperation with business, local government, local communities, and other stakeholders, have proposed measures to achieve a reasonable balance. Since the scope for mitigating the impacts of limestone quarrying is very limited, IUCN is collaborating with CBD/ITB on a protect to offset the loss of some karst kills by strengthening conservation measures in areas of equal or greater biological value.

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MC LC CONTENTS
Li gii thiu........................................................................ 2 Introduction ......................................................................... 3 Li cm n .......................................................................... 6 Acknowledgement .............................................................. 7 Tng quan ni vi .......................................................... 9 Background of karst ............................................................ 9 Gi tr kho c hc .............................................................. 34 Archaeological values ......................................................... 35 Gi tr vn ha ..................................................................... 37 Cultural importance ............................................................. 37 Gi tr lch s ....................................................................... 38 Historical importance .......................................................... 38 Du lch sinh thi .................................................................. 41 Ecotourism .......................................................................... 41 a dng sinh hc ni vi ............................................... 42 Biodiversity of the karst ...................................................... 42 Mt s loi c hu cho vng vi .................................. 60 Some endemic species of the karst .................................... 60 Khai thc Lm sn ngoi g ............................................... 68 Exploitation of non-timber forest products .......................... 69 Pht trin bn vng cho khu vc ni vi Kin Giang .... 72 Sustainable development of the Kien Giang karst .............. 72

Ban bin tp: Trng Quang Tm Trng Anh Th Lu Hng Trng Dip nh Phong L Bu Thch Hong Minh c V Ngc Long Hnh nh: Trn Vn Bng Nguyn L Xun Bch Phng L Cang Hong Minh c Nguyn Phc Bo Ha o Vn Hong V Ngc Long Nguyn Ngc Sang Nguyn Khc Thnh Nguyn Phng Tho Phng B Thnh Trng Anh Th Lu Hng Trng Hnh ba: nh: Hn La - Kin Giang Nguyn L Xun Bch

Su u Grus antigone

Chu trch nhim xut bn: Ts. l quang khi

Ph trch bn tho: ng ngc phan

Thit k - trnh by: Trng anh Th Trn Th Bo ngc

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