1.

2.
3.



- (covalent bond)
- (ionic bond)

- (metallic bond)

 (Covalent bond)

 1e-

2e-

3e-


1.1

 ()
C, H, O, N, S, F, Cl,
Br, I P
C C
(open chain)
(linear chain) (branched chain)
(cyclic or closed chain)
CH3
CH2
H3C

CH2
CH2

CH3
CH2

CH2

CH
H3 C

CH2
CH
CH3

linear chain

branched chain

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2
CH2

cyclic or closed chain

 ( )

(covalent bond)
HC
CH
CH
CH
(single bond);
HC
CH
CH
CH
(double bond); =
HC
C
C
CH
(triple bond);
( )

3

 ()

300 oC


R
O

H
H
covalent bond

O
H

H-bond

(functional group)


4
1. (Aliphatic compounds)
2. (Alicyclic compounds)
3. (Aromatic compounds)

4. (Heterocyclic compounds)

1. (Aliphatic compounds)
(open chain)
(straight chain) (branched chain)
(covalent bond)
(single bond) (double bond) (triple
bond)
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

CH 3 CH

CH 2 CH 3

CH 3

butane

2-methylbutane
CH 2

CH 2

ethylene

CH

CH

acetylene

CH 3 CH

CH 2

1-propene

2. (Alicyclic compounds)
(ring)

3 9

cyclopropane

cyclobutane

1,3-cyclohexadiene

3. (Aromatic compounds)

(delocalization) (cyclicly)
sp2-hybridized

benzene

naphthalene

anthracene

 3. Aromatic compound
-
- 4n+2 n
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
-
- (delocalization)

Benzene

Naphthalene

Phenanthrene

Anthracene

4. (Heterocyclic compounds)



N

furan

pyridine

H
pyrrole
N

N
N

N
H

purine

pyrimidine

quinoline

thiophene

2-picoline

CH 3


(functional groups)

 ( )

1.
.

CC

RC CR

H3C CH3

>C=C<

RC = CR

H2C = CH2

CC

R C C R

HC CH

CH3

2.

X ( X = Cl, Br , I, )

R X

CH3 Cl

3.

OH

R OH

CH3 CH2 OH

4.

R O R

CH3CH2OCH2-CH3

5.

NR2 (R H R)

R NR2

CH3 NH2

 ( )

6.

7.

8.
9.

O
C H
O
C
O
C OH
O
C

10.

11.
()

NH 2

O
C O
C N

O
R C H
O
R' C R'

O
R C OH
O
R C NH2

O
R C OR
RCN

O
H C H
O
CH3 C CH3
O
CH3 C OH
O
CH3 C NH2
O
CH3 C O CH3
CH3CN


2
1. (common name)

2. IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)

 IUPAC
IUPAC

3
1 (basic unit parent name)
2 (suffix)
3 (prefix)

prefix + basic unit (parent name) + suffix

5.2 IUPAC ()
(basic unit)
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

C
C
C-C
C-C-C
C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

methethpropbutpenthexheptoctnondec-

 IUPAC ()
(substitute group)
(alkyl)
R
ane yl
CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2CH2
Clchloro
methyl
ethyl
n-propyl
Brbromo
NO2nitro
CH3CH(CH3) CH3CH2CH2CH2
HOisopropyl
n-butyl
aryl

phenyl
R

hydroxy
CH3OCH2=CH-

methoxy
vinyl


1.

1.1 (n)
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3(CH2)7CH3

- (n-hexane)
- (n-nonane)

(methane) (ethane) (propane)

1.2
CH3
CH3CH2CH2 CH CH2CH3

- (sec-heptane)
CH3
H3CH2C C CH2CH2CH3
CH3

- (tert-octane)

CH 3
H 3C

CH 3

CH 3

(neopentane)
CH3
CH3 CH CH2CH2CH3

- (iso-hextane)

2. IUPAC

IUPAC

2.1
2.2

2.3

8

CH 3 CH 3
5

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2 C

C CH 2CH 3

CH 3 CH 3

3,3,4,4-

(3,3,4,4-tetramethyloctane)

CH 2CH 3
8

CH 3 CH 2

CH 2CH 3
4

CH 2CH 2 C CH 3

CH 2CH 3

CH 2CH 3

(3,6,6-triethyl-3-mmethyloctane)

3,6,6--3-

2.4
CH 3
7

CH 3CH 2 CH

CH 2 CHCH 2CH 3
CH 2CH 3

3--5-
(3-ethyl-5-methylheptane)

2.5
CH 3
7

CH 3 CH 2 CH

CH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3
2

CHCH 3

3--2,5-
(3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane)

CH 3

2.6
1
9

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CHCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3

1

CH 3CHCHCH 3
CH 3

3--5-(1,2-)-
(3-methyl-5-(1,2-dimethylpropane)-noonane)

2.7
(cycloalkane)

(cyclopropane)

(cyclopentane)

(cyclohexane)


2
1.
(ane) (ylene)
CH3-CH=CH2

(propylene)

4
...

CH3CH2CH=CHCH3

- (-pentylene)

CH3CH2CH=CH2

- (-butylene)

2. IUPAC

2.1

(ene)

CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2

CH 2CH 2CH 3

CHCH 3

1- (1-pentene)

2- (2-heptene)

2.2

CH 3
CH 3CH 2 CH

CH CHCH 2 CH 3

5--3- (5-methyl-3-heptene)

3,6--3- (3,6-dimethyl-3-octene)

2.3 C1 C2

CH 3

Br

CH 3

4,5-
(4,5-dimethylcyclohexene)

1-
(1-bromocyclohexene)

2.4 1

8

CH 3CH 2CH 2 C CHCH 2 CH CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

2,5--4- (2,5-dimethyl-4-octene)

2.5 1

Br
1

CH 2=C-C=CHCH 2Br
CH 2 CH 2CH 2CH 2 CH 3

2,5--3---1,3-
(2,5-dibromo-3-n-pentyl-1,3-pentadiene)

2.6 R-CH=CH-R
H 2
H 2

H3C

CH 2CH 3
C

H 3C

H
C

-2-
(cis-2-pentene)

C
CH 2CH 3

-2-
(trans-2-pentene)

2.7 2 Z E
2 (priority)
Z
E
(a)

h 1 (c)

h2
C

(b)

l1 (d)

h2

C
l1 (d)

l2

(a)

Z
high priority = h

(b) l2

C
h 1 (c)

E
low priority = l


(alkyne)
1 CnH2n-2
3
1.

H C

C H

(acetylene)

2.
CH 3 C C
CH 3 CH 2

(methylacetylene)

CH

CH 3

CH 3
CH 3 C C CH
CH 3

CH 2 CH 3

(ethylisopropylacetylen)
-
(sec-butylmethylacetylene)

3. IUPAC

3.1

CH 3
H C C H

CH C CH CH 2 CH 3

(ethyne)

3--1-
(3-methyl-1-pentyne)

 ( )

Br

CH3CH CH C C CH2CH2CH3
Cl

3--2--4-
(3-bromo-2-chloro-4-octyne)

Br

CH3CH2 CH C C CH2CHCH3
Cl

3--7--4-
(3-bromo-7-chloro-4-octyne)


R-X X
7 F Cl Br I 2
1.

CH3 CH Br
CH 3

(isopropyl bromide)

CH3CH2 CH Br
CH3

-
(sec-butylbromide)

2. IUPAC

I
CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CH 2CHCH 3
CH 3

Br

Br
CH 3

2--5-

2--4-

(2-bromo-5-methylheptane)

(2-bromo-4-iodocyclohexane)


R-OH 2
1.

CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

(ethyl alcohol)
- (n-penthylalcohol)

CH 3
CH 3

C OH
CH 3

- (t-butyl alcohol)

CH 3
CH 3 C CH 2OH
CH 3

(neopentyl alcohol)

2. IUPAC

2.1 OH
OH
OH

CH 3CH 2CH 2

CH

CH 2OH

CH 2CH 3

2--1- (2-ethyl-1-pentanol) 2-ethyl-pentane-1-ol

 ( )
CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2Cl
OH

8--3- (8-chloro-3-octanol) 8-chlorooctnol-3-ol

OH
H3C

2- (3-methylcyclohexanol)

2.2

CH 2 CH 3
7

OH
2

CH 3CHCH 2CH CH 2CHCH 3

Cl

OH

6--4--2-
(6-chloro-4-ethyl-2-heptanol)

CH 3CHCH 2CH CH 2CHCH 3

CH 3

Br

2--6--4-
(2-bromo-6-methyl-4-heptanol)

 OH

Cl
HO

CH 3
1
2

H 3 CH 2C

5
3

4
1

CH 3
3
2

OH

2--5-

4--3-

(2-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexanol)

(4-chloro-3-methylcyclohexanol)

2.3
(hydroxyalkyl)
CH 3
CH 2CH 2OH

1--2-
(1-hydroxyethyl-2-methylcyclohexane)

2.4 OH 2 1, 2
(alkanediol) OH 3 (alkanetriol)

CH 3 CH
OH

CH 2

CH 2 CH

CH 2

OH

OH

OH

OH

1,2- (1,2-propanediol) 1,2,3- (1,2,3-propanetriol)

(propylene glycol) (glyerol)


R-O-R 2

1.
2
a z

CH 3
CH 3CH

CHCH 2CH 3

CH 3

-
(sec-butyl isopropyl ether)

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3CHCH 2 O C CH 2CH 3
CH 3

-
(isobutyl tert-pentyl ether)

2. IUPAC
IUPAC
(alkoxy) 2


1

CH 3 CH

CH 2CH 2CH 3

O CH 3

2-
(2-methoxypentane)

CH 3 CH

CH 2CH 2 O CH 2CH 3

CH 3

1--3-
(1-ethoxy-3-methylbutane)


1.

R-NH2 R-NH-R R-NRR

a z

CH3-NH-CH2CH2CH3
CH 3
CH 3 CH
CH 3

CH 2

NH C
CH 3

CH 2CH 3

(methylpropylamine)

(isobutyl-tert-pentylamine)

2. IUPAC
2.1 NH2

NH2
6

CH 3CH 2 CH 2 CH 2CHCH 3
NH 2

2-
(2-aminohexane)

CH 3

NH 2

CH 3 CH CH CH CH 3
CH 2 CH 3

2--3--4-
(2-amino-3-ethyl-4-methylpentane)

2.2 20 30 NH2

CH 3 CH 3

Cl
1

CH 3CHCH 2CH 2CH

CH 3

CH 3CH 2CH 2 CH N CH 3

H 3C N CH 2CH 3

2-()-5-

2-()

(2-(ethylmethylamino)-5-chlorohexane)

(2-(dimethylamino)pentane)


R-COOH

1.


IUPAC

IUPAC

HCOOH

formic acid

methanoic acid

CH3COOH

acetic acid

ethanoic acid

CH3CH2COOH

propionic acid

propanoic acid

CH3(CH2)2COO
H

butyric acid

butanoic acid

CH3(CH2)4COO
H

carpoic acid

hexanoic acid

2. IUPAC
- COOH
1 (alkanoic acid)

-
a z
Cl
6

CH 3

O
2

CH 3CH 2CH 2 CHCH 2 C OH

CH 3CH 2CHCHCH 2CH 3

3

CH 2 CH 2COOH

3-
(3-chlorohexanoic acid)

4--5-

(4-ethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid)



CH 3

COOH

COOH

1-
(1-methylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid)

(cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)

 COOH 1
COOH

HO

O
OH

IUPAC

HO

IUPAC

(ethanedioic acid)

(oxilic acid)

O
CH 2

OH

(propanedioic acid)

(malonic acid)


RCHO 2
1.

(ic) ...
CHO
O
H C

O
H

(formaldehyde)

H3C C

(acetaldehyde)

2. IUPAC

CHO 1
O
CH3CH2 C H

(propanal)

CH3

O
2

CH3 CH CH C H
Br

2--3-
(2-bromo-3-methylbutanal)


(carbaldehyde)
CHO
CHO
CH 3
CH 3

3-
(3-methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde)

1-
(1-methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde)


R-CO-R 2
1.
-
- 2 a z
...
O
CH 3 CH C CH2CH3

O
C CH2CH3

CH3

(ethyl isopropyl ketone)

(cyclohexyl ethyl ketone)

2. IUPAC
(none)
O
CH3 C CH3

(propanone)

O
CH3CH2CH2CH2 C CH3

2- (2-hexanone)
(hexan-2-one)


R-C-OR
- IUPAC
R

- (ate)


O
CH3CH2 C OCH3

O
CH3 C OCH2CH3

IUPAC
(methyl propanoate)

IUPAC
(ethyl ethanoate)

(methyl propionate)

(ethyl acrtate)


R-CO-NH2
R-CO-NHR R-CO-NRR
-
(amide) IUPAC
O
H-C-NH2

IUPAC

fomamide

methanamide

O
CH3-C-NH2

acetamide

ethanamide

O
CH3-C-N(CH3)2 N, N-dimethylformamide

N, N-di methylmethanamide


- (acyl halide)
R-CO-Cl
- IUPAC

O
3

CH3CH C Br
CH3

IUPAC

(isobutyryl bromide)
2- (2-methylpropanoyl bromide)


-
2

-
2 a z

CH3 C O C CH3

(acetic anhydride)
IUPAC
(ethanoic anhydride)

CH3 C O C H

(acetic formic anhydride)
IUPAC

(ethanoic methanoic anhydride)


R-CN
-
(cyanide)
- IUPAC
CN
(nitrile)


CH3
CH 3CH2CH2 C N

CH3 CH CH C N
4

CH2CH 3

IUPAC
(butane nitride)

(propyl cyanide)

IUPAC 2,3-
(2,3-dimethylpentane nitride)


C6H6

1
1

Br

NO 2

(bromobenzene)

(nitrobenzene)

CH 2CH 3

(ethylbenzene)

CH 3

(toluene)

CH 3CHCH 3

CH=CH 2

(cumene)

(styrene)

OH

(phenol)

OCH 3

CHO
O
C

(anisole)

(benzaldehyde)

CH 3

(acetophenone)

COOH

(benzoic acid)

NH 2

(aniline)

CN

(benzonitrile)

 2
-
- 1

a z

CH 3

Br

Cl

Br

I
Br

3-
(3-chlorotoluene)

1--3-
(1-bromo-3-iodobenzene)

1,4-
(1,4-dibromobenzene)

 2
(ortho, o) (metha, m) (para, p)

1

1
4

2 1,2 (o)

2
3

2 1,3 (m)

2
3

2 1,4 (p)


Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl
Cl
Cl

(o- dichlorobenzene)

(m- dichlorobenzene)

(p- dichlorobenzene)

 2
(cresol) 2 (xylene)
CH3 NH2
(toluidine)
CH 3

OH
CH 3
H 2N

CH 3
CH 3

m -xylene

p -toluidine

o -cresol


2


CH 3

CH 3
CH 3

CH 3

1,2,4-
(1,2,4-trimethylbenzene)

NO 2

O2N

NO 2

2,4,6-
(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene)

CH2

(benzyl)

(phenol)

CH 3CH 2CH 2CHCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3

CH 2OH

4-
(4-phenyloctane)

(benzylalcohol)