CHUYN BT NG THC

I-CHNG MINH BT NG THC B NG PH NG PHP BIN I T NG

NG
chng minh mt bt ng thc bng phng php tng ng, ta c th lm theo 2
tng:
-Bin i BT cn chng minh tng ng vi mt BT bit l lun ng.
-S dng mt BT bit, bin i dn n BT cn chng minh.
Mt s bt ng thc lun ng:
A2 0.

A2 B2 0.

A2 B2 2 AB.

A.B 0

vi

A 0

B 0
A 0

A2 B2 2 AB

Bi 1.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a) (a b)2 4ab, a; b .

b) 2(a2 b2 ) (a b)2 , a; b .

c) a b 1

d) a b c 3

a b , a; b 0.

a b c , a; b; c 0.

e) a2 b2 c2 12 4(a b c), a; b; c .

f) a4 a 1 0, a .

g) a4 3 4a, a .

h) a2 b2 4 ab 2a 2b, a; b; c .

i)

a2
b2 c 2 ab ac 2bc , a; b; c .
4

j) 4a4 5a2 8a3 2a 1, a .

k) a2 (1 b2 ) b2 (1 c2 ) c2 (1 a2 ) 6abc.

l) a4 b4 c2 1 2a(ab2 a c 1), a, b, c.

m) x2 y2 5 xy x 3y, x, y .

n) 4a2 4b2 6a 3 4ab, a; b .

o) x2 2y2 2xy 2x 5y 4 0, x, y .

p) x2 y2 xy 3x 3y 3 0, x; y .

q) x2 y2 xy 5x 4y 7 0, x; y .

r) x2 4y2 3z2 14 2x 12y 6z, x, y, z.

s) x2 y2 1 xy x y , x; y .

t) x2 y2 z2 xy yz zx, x, y, z .

u) x4 y4 z4 xyz(x y z), x; y; z .

v) ab 2bc 3ca 0, : a b c 0.

x)

a
5( a2 1) 11

, a 0.
2a
2
a2 1

y) x 2
y

x y
4 3 , x 0, y 0.
x
y x

y2
2

z) a3b2 b3c2 c3 a2 a2b3 b2c3 c2 a3 , a b c 0.

Bi 2. Chng minh cc bt ng thc ph thng c s dng sau:
a)a3 b3 a2 b ab2 ab(a b), a 0; b 0.

b)4(a3 b3 ) (a b)3 , a 0, b 0.

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

c)a2 b2 c2 ab bc ca, a; b; c .
TRN CNG HNG

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
TRANG 1

d)3(a2 b2 c2 ) (a b c)2 3(ab bc ca), a; b; c .

e)(a2 b2 c2 )2 (ab bc ca)2 3abc(a b c), a; b; c.

3
f )a2 ab b2 (a b)2 , a; b .
4
g) a b a b , a 0; b 0.

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a3
2a b
, a 0; b 0.

2
2
3
a ab b

1
1
2

, xy 1.
2
2
1 xy
1 x 1 y

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

k)a4 b4 a3b ab3 ab(a2 b2 ), a; b; c .

l)

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

h) 1 a 1 b 1 1 a b , a 0; b 0.

i)

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

1
1
2

, xy 1.
2
2
1 xy
1 x 1 y

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

n)

1
1
2
, : xy 1.

1 x 1 y 1 xy

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

0)

1
1
2
, : xy 1.

1 x 1 y 1 xy

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

p)

1
1
1
3
, x 1; y 1; z 1.

2
2
2
1 xyz
1 x 1 y
1 z

q)

x 1
1
1
1
, :

2
2
1 xy
(1 x) (1 y)
y 1

m)

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a 0; b 0
1 1 2

1 , :

u) 1 1
a
b
ab

a b 1
2

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Bi 3.Cho a, b, c, d . Chng minh rng a2 b2 2ab (1). p dng bt ng thc (1) chng minh
cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
a) (a2 1)(b2 1)(c2 1) 8abc.
b) (a2 4)(b2 4)(c2 4)(d2 4) 256abcd.
c) a4 b4 c4 d4 4abcd.
Bi 4.Cho a, b, c . Chng minh bt ng thc: a2 b2 c2 ab bc ca (2). p dng bt ng thc (2)
chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
a) (a b c)2 3(a2 b2 c2 ).

b) (a b c)2 3(ab bc ca).

c) a4 b4 c4 abc(a b c).

d) a4 b4 c4 abc , (a b c 1).

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 2

a2 b2 c 2 a b c
e)

3
3

f)

abc
ab bc ca
, a , b , c 0.

3
3

Bi 5.Cho a, b 0. Chng minh bt ng thc: a3 b3 a2 b b2 a ab(a b) (3). p dng bt ng thc

(3) chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
a)

a 3 b3 b3 c 3 c 3 a 3

2( a b c), a, b, c 0.
ab
bc
ca

b)

a 2 b2 c 2 b2 c 2 a 2
2( a b c), a 0, b 0.
b
c
a
a
b
c

c)

1
1
1
1
3 3
3

, a, b, c 0.
3
3
a b abc b c abc c a abc abc

d)

a , b , c 0
1
1
1
3 3
3
1, :

3
3
a b 1 b c 1 c a 1
abc 1

e)

a3
b3
c3
abc
, a, b, c 0.
2
2

2
2
2
3
a ab b
b bc c
c ac a

f)

1
1
1
1
3
2

, a, b, c 0.
3
3
2
abc
a abc b
b abc c
a abc c

g)

a , b , c 0
1
1
1

1, :

ab1 bc 1 c a1
abc 1

h)

5b3 a3 5c 3 b3 5a3 c 3

a b c , a, b, c 0.
ab 3b2 cb 3c 2 ac 3a2

i)

19b3 a3 19c 3 b3 19a3 c 3

3( a b c).
ab 5b2
bc 5c 2
ca 5a2

k) 3 4(a3 b3 ) 3 4(b3 c 3 ) 3 4(c 3 a3 ) 2(a b c), a, b, c 0.

Bi 6.Cho a, b, x, y . Chng minh bt ng thc: a2 x2 b2 y2 (a b)2 ( x y)2 (4) (gi l bt

ng thc Mincpxki). p dng bt ng thc (4) chng minh cc bt ng thc sau hoc tm gi
tr nh nht ca biu thc P v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
a)Chng minh:

1 a2 1 b2 5, a 0; b 0

b)Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: P a2

c)Chng minh: x2

a b 1.

1
1
b2 2
b2
a

a 0

vi
b 0

1
1
1
y 2 2 z 2 2 82 , x , y , z 0
2
x
y
z

v x y z 1.
x 0, y 0, z 0

d)Tm gi tr nh nht ca: P 223 x2 223 y2 223 z2 vi

x y z 3

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 3

Bi 7.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:

i vi bi ton 2 bin i xng hoc 3 bin i xng m c iu kin rng

buc

x; y a; b

x; y; z a; b

hoc

( x a)( y a)( z a) 0

( x b)( y b)( z b) 0

th cc nh gi

( x a)( y a) 0

( x b)( y b) 0

( x a)(b y ) 0
( x a)( x b) 0

( y a)( y b) 0

hoc

l rt cht v 1 trong 2 bin (hoc 3 bin) bng im bin

th c ng thc xy ra.
a)Cho x, y 1; 2 Chng minh:
b)Cho

x 2y
x 3y 5
2

y 2x
y 3x 5
2

xy

x y1

11 ab bc ca 12

2
2
2
v a b c 14.

a b c 6.

Chng minh:

c)Cho a, b, c 1,3 v

a b c 6.

Chng minh: 4(a3 c3 ) 13b2 5 13(a2 b2 c2 1).

d)Cho a, b, c 1,3 v

a b c 6.

Chng minh: a4 10b2 c4 10(a2 b2 c2 ) 18.

e)Cho

a b c 3.

2
2
2
Chng minh: 3 a b c 5.

f)Cho a, b, c 0;2 v

a b c 3.

Chng minh: 3 a3 b3 c3 3(a 1)(b 1)(c 1) 9.

a; b; c 1; 3

a; b; c 0; 2

g)Cho

a; b; c
1; 2

h)Cho

a; b; c
1; 2

a b c 0.

2
2
2
2
2
2
Chng minh: a b c 6 v a b c 8 abc.

2
2
2
v a b c 6. Chng minh:

a b c 0.

i)Cho x, y, z : x y z 10 v xyz xy yz zx . Chng minh:

125
xy yz zx 32.
4

Bi 8.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

a) x2 y2 z2 2xyz 1 2(xy yz zx).

b) xyz 2(x2 y2 z2 ) 8 5( x y z).

c) xyz x2 y2 z2 5 3( x y z).

c) x2 y2 z2 2xyz 1, vi

TRN CNG HNG

xyz

TRANG 4

II-BT NG THC C SI
K thut ghp i xng
Dng 1. Cho

X , Y , Z 0.

Chng minh:

Cauchy

X Y 2 A
Cauchy

Y
Z

2 B 2( X Y Z) 2( A B C ) X Y Z A B C.

Cauchy
Z X 2C

Tng qut

Chng minh: X Y Z A B C.

mX nY pZ ( m n p) A

mY nZ pX ( m n p)B ( m n p)(X Y Z) (m n p)( A B C )

mZ nX pY ( m n p)C

Dng 2. Cho

X , Y , Z 0.

Nu chng minh c:

Chng minh: XYZ ABC.

XY A2
nhn

2
2 2 2
YZ B XYZ A B C ABC ABC.
ZX C 2

Bi 1.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a) a b c ab bc ca , a; b; c 0.

b) a b 1 ab a b , a; b 0.

c) ab bc ca

d) a b 1

abc ( a b c ), a; b; c 0.

e) a2 b2 1 1 2(
a

f) ab bc ca a b c,

a b ), a; b 0.

a; b; c 0.

h) ab b a a b 1, a;

a 2 b2 c 2
a b c , a; b; c 0.
b
c
a

j) a2 b2 4 ab 2(a b), a; b .

k) 4a2 9b2 5 4(a 3b), a; b .

m)

a 2 b2 c 2 a c b
, abc 0.
b2 c 2 a 2 c b a

n)

q) a2 (1 b2 ) b2 (1 c2 ) c2 (1 a2 ) 6abc, vi
1 x3 y 3
xy

1 y3 z3
yz

TRN CNG HNG

b; c 0.

a , b, c

a3 b3 c 3
ab bc ca, a; b; c 0.
b
c
a

p) (
a , b, c

a b )8 64ab(a b)2 , a 0, b 0.

l cc s thc khng m.

1 z 3 x2
3 3, x; y; z 0
zx

s) a b c a b c a b c 9, vi

l) 3a3 7b3 9ab2 , a 0, b 0.

o) (1 a)(1 b)(1 c) (1 3 abc )3 , a; b; c 0.

r)

a b , a; b; c 0.

a
b
c 1 1 1
, a; b; c 0.
bc ca ab a b c

g)
i)

v xyz 1.

l cc s thc dng.
TRANG 5

t)

a
b
c
1 1 1 1

a 2 b2 b2 c 2 a 2 c 2 2 a b c

u)

1
a2
b2

4
4
4
1 16a 1 16b

vi

vi

a , b, c

l cc s thc dng.

a; b .

a 0
ab
bc
ca
abc

v)
, b 0

2
ab bc ca
c 0

x)Cho

a , b, c

l cc s thc khng m. Chng minh: a b c 4 ab3 4 bc3 4 ca3 .

y)Cho x, y l cc s dng tha: x y 1. Chng minh:

z)Cho x, y, z 0. Chng minh:

1
1

4 xy 11.
2
xy
x y
2

yz zx xy

6.
x
y
z

w)Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:

x3 y 3 z 3

x y z.
yz xz xy

Bi 2.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a) 1 1
a

4
, a 0, b 0.
ab

b) 1 1 1
a

c) (a b)(1 ab) 4ab, a 0, b 0.

9
, a 0, b 0, c 0.
abc

d) (a b)(b c)(c a) 8abc, a, b, c 0.

a , b , c 0

e) a b c 8,
abc 1
c
a
b

f) 1 1 1 8, a ,b ,c 0.
b
c
a

g) (a2 b2 )(b2 c2 )(c2 a2 ) 8a2b2c2 , a, b, c 0.

h) (a b c)(a2 b2 c2 ) 9abc, a, b, c 0.

a , b , c , d 0

i) (abc 2)(bc 2)(a d)(d 1) 32,

j) (1 a b)(a b ab) 9ab, a 0, b 0.

abc 1

k)

a , b , c 0
1
1
1
9

ab bc ca 2
a b c 1

l)

a 0
1 1
1 1
1 1

m) 2a 2b 2c 64, b 0
b c
c a
a b

c 0

a , b, c 0

1
, a , b, c , d 0
81

a , b, c 0

v t

TRN CNG HNG

a , b , c 0

a , b , c , d 0

1
1

1 a 1 b 1 c

1
1
1
1

3.
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 d

2
1 1 x2 1 1 y
1 1 z2
r)

xyz
x
y
z

s)Cho

n) 1 1 1 8,
a b c

a b c 1

p) abc , 1
8

o) 1 1 1 64;
a
b
c

a b c 1

q) abcd

a
b
c
3

, a, b, c 0.
bc ca ca 2

vi x, y, z l cc s dng tha x y z xyz.

1
1
1
xa , y b , z c
b
c
a

Chng minh xy yz zx 2(x y z).

TRANG 6

a , b , c 0

12

Chng minh:
t)Cho
2( ab bc ca).
4 4c 2c 2 .
2
abc
(3 c) .c
a b c 3

u)Cho ABC c chu vi bng 3 v gi

a , b, c

l di 3 cnh tam gic. Chng minh rng ta lun c:

3a 3b 3c 4abc 13.
2

v)Cho

a , b, c 0

v)Cho x, y l cc s dng
x)Cho

a , b, c

y)Cho

a , b, c 0

a 2 b2 c 2 b2 c 2 a 2 c 2 a 2 b 2

3.
c
a
b

1
1 289

tha: x y 1. Chng minh: x2 2 y 2 2

y
x 16

dng. Chng minh: abc (b c a)(c a b)(a b c).

tha abc 1. Chng minh:

l cc s thc

1 a2
1 b2
1 c2

3.
bc
ca
ab

tha: ab bc ca 0. Chng minh:

Bi 3.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

1
1

4.
a 1 b 1

l cc s dng. Chng minh: a b 2

a)Cho

a, b

b)Cho

a , b, c

1
1
1 9

ab bc ca 2

l cc s dng. Chng minh: a b c

c)Cho a 0; b 0 Chng minh: a b 1 ab a b.

d)Cho a, b R . Chng minh: a2 b2 9 ab 3(a b).
e)Cho a 0, b 0 . Chng minh:

a b a2 b2 a 3 b3

.
2
2
2

f)Cho a, b R . Chng minh rng: a2 b2 1 ab a b.

g)Cho a 0, b 0 . Chng minh rng:

a
b
2

2 a b 2b a 3

h)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 Chng minh rng:

(a2 2)(b2 2)(c 2 2) 16 2abc.

i)Cho 3 s dng a,b,c. Chng minh:

a
b
c 1 1 1

bc ac ab a b c

k)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 .Chng minh:

bc ca ab
a b c.
a
b
c

l)Cho 3 s dng

a; b; c.

Chng minh: a2 b2 c2 2abc 1 2(ab bc ac).

a 2 b2 c 2 a c b

b2 c 2 a 2 c b a

m)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 . Chng minh:

n)Cho a 0, b 0 . Chng minh: a b 1 ab a b.

o)Cho a 0, b 0 Chng minh: (a 3)(2b 1) 6 48.

a

p)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 . Chng minh: a b c 8.

a
b
c
q)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 . Chng minh:

1 1 1
1
1
1

a b c
ab
bc
ca

Bi 4.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 7

a)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 . Chng minh: a b c 1 1 1

bc

b)Cho

x0

ca

ab

ab

bc

ac

v y 0. Chng minh: (1 xy) 1 1 4.

x

c)Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh: 1 4 9 48.

b
c
a

d)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 . Chng minh: (a b c)(a b c ) 9abc.

2

e)Cho

a 0; b 0; c 0.

Chng minh: (1 a)(1 b)(a c)(b c) 16abc.

f)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0 Chng minh: (a b)(b c)(c a) 8abc.

g)Cho

a 0, b 0, c 0.

h)Cho

a , b, c

i)Cho

a 0, b 0, c 0.

Chng minh: 1 1 1 8.
b
c
a

l cc s thc dng. Chng minh: a 4b 9c 2 ab 6 bc 3 ca.

k)Cho 3 s dng

a
b

a, b, c

tha

a 0, b 0, c 0

m)Cho
a b c 2

a 0, b 0, c 0

Chng minh: (a 1)(b 1)(c 1) 8.

abc 1.

l)Cho 3 s a, b, c khng m tha

n)Cho
a b c 3.

a2
b2
c2
abc

bc ac ab
2

b
a

Chng minh: ab a b 1 v

abc 1.

Chng minh:
Chng minh:

Chng minh: a2 (1 b) b2 (1 c2 ) c2 (1 a2 ) 6.

ab
bc
ca

1.
ab bc ca

a 2 b2 c 2
3.
c
a
b

Du " " xy ra khi no ?

Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

p)Cho hai s dng a v b, chng minh: a2 b b2 a a b 4ab. ng thc xy ra khi no ?

K THUT TCH THM BT CHN IM RI
Nhc li bt ng thc Cauchy v mt s dng khc ca n:

a 0; b 0

th ta c:

ab
ab .
2

Du " " xy ra khi v ch khi

a b.

Mt s dng khc ca bt ng thc trn:

ab
ab
, a 0, b 0.
2

ab
a.b
, a, b .
2

a 2 b2
, a , b .
2

a2 b2 2ab, a, b .

ab

a 0; b 0; c 0

th ta c:

abc 3
abc .
3

Du " " xy ra khi v ch khi

a b c.

Mt s dng khc ca bt ng thc trn:

TRN CNG HNG

a.b.c

abc
, a 0, b 0, c 0.
3

abc
abc
, a 0, b 0, c 0.
3

TRANG 8

abc

a 3 b3 c 3
, a 0, b 0, c 0.
3

a3 b3 c3 3abc , a 0, b 0, c 0.

Mt s h ng ng thc cn nh:

x3 y3 ( x y)3 3xy( x y).

x2 y2 z2 ( x y z)2 2( xy yz zx).

( x y z)3 3( x y)( y z)( z x)

x3 y 3 z3

2
2
2
3xyz ( x y z)( x y z xy yz zx)

BI TP VN DNG
Bi 5.Chng minh cc bt ng thc ph thng c s dng sau:
a) x2 y2 z2 xy yz zx.

b) (x y)( y z)( z x) 8xyz, x, y, z 0.

c) 3( x2 y2 z2 ) (x y z)2 , x, y, z.

d) ( x y z)2 3( xy yz zx), x, y, z 0.

e) (xy yz zx)2 3xyz( x y z), x, y, z 0.

f) x3 y3 1 ( x y)3 , x,
4

y 0.

g) (x y z)(x2 y2 z2 ) 3(x2 y y2 z z2 x), x, y, z 0.

Bi 6.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
a)

a2 2
a2 1
x4

c)
e)

x3

a2 5
a 1
2

i)

b)

2, x 3.

d)

4, a .

f) x

1
15 2 5, x 3.
x3

g) 5x

2
1
3 2 2 , x (0;1).
1 x x

k) a 1 10 , a 3.
a

m) a

a2 6

2, a .

1 9
, a 2.
a2 4

153

o) a b 2
, a 4, b 2.
a
b 16

a2 2
x8
x 1

4, a .

6, x 1.

1
3, x 1.
x 1

h) x

16
3, x 2.
x2

j) 9x 3x 1 24, x 1.
x 1

l) a 1 17 , a 4.
a

n) x2 18 39, x 6.
x

p) x

1
3, x y 0.
( x y).y

q) x

4
5, x 2.
( x 2)2

r) a

4
2 2 , a b 0.
b.( a b)2

s) x

4
3, x y 0.
( x y)( y 1)2

t) a

1
4, a b c 0.
c( a b)(b c)

u) a

27
5
, a 1.
3
2
2( a 1)( a 1)

v) 2a

TRN CNG HNG

1
4, a b c 0.
( a b)(b c)(a 1)3

TRANG 9

x) x 2 y
z) 2a4

25 27

19, x, y 0.
x y2

y)

1
3a2 1, a .
1 a2

a b
a2 b2
2 2,

ab
ab 1

w)

2a3 1
1 a
3, a , 1.
4b( a b)
2 b

Bi 7.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Cho x 0, y 0, z 0 Chng minh:
a)

y2
xyz
x2
z2

xy yz zx
2

b)

y2
xyz
x2
z2

y 2z z 2x x 2 y
3

c)

y2
xyz
x2
z2

3 y 2 z 3z 2 x 3x 2 y
5

d)

y3
xyz
x3
z3

2
2
2
4
( y z ) ( z x) ( x y )

e)

y3
x2 y 2 z 2
x3
z3

yz zx xy
2

f)

y3
x2 y 2 z 2
x3
z3

2 y z 2z x 2x y
3

g)

y3
x2 y 2 z 2
x3
z3

2 y 3z 2 z 3x 2 x 3 y
5

h)

y3
xyz
x3
z3

y(z x) z(x y) x(y z)

2

Bi 8.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

x, y , z 0

a)Cho
xyz 1

. Chng minh:

x, y 0

y2
x2
z2
3

1 y 1 z 1 x 2
x3

y3

Chng minh:
b)Cho

1.
1 y 1 x
xy 1
x, y , z 0

c)Cho
xyz 1

x, y , z 0

d)Cho
xyz 1

Chng minh:

x3 y 3 z 3

3.
y 2 z2 x2

Chng minh:

y3
3
x3
z3

(1 y)(1 z) (1 x)(1 z) (1 x)(1 y) 4

x, y , z 0

x3

y3

z3

Chng minh: 2
e)Cho

y 3 z 2 3 x2 3 4
xy yz zx 3

Bi 9.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau v cho bit du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

a)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 3.

Chng minh: a 3b b 3c c 3a 6.

b)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 1.

Chng minh: a b b c c a 6.

a , b , c , d 0

Chng minh: 4a 1 4b 1 4c 1 4d 1 4 2.
c)Cho
a b c d 1

d)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 1.

Chng minh: 3 ab 3 bc 3 ca 3 3.

e)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 6.

Chng minh: 3 a 3b 3 b 3c 3 c 3a 6.

f)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 3.

Chng minh: 3 a 2b 3 b 2c 3 c 2a 3 3 3.

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 10

g)Cho

a , b, c 0

tha

a b c 1. Chng

i)Cho a 1, b 1. Chng minh:

minh:

3a 1 3 3b 1 3 3c 1 3 3 2.

a b 1 b a 1 ab.

Bi 10.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

a)Cho x, y 1. Chng minh:
b)Cho cc s thc

a, b, c

xy

x y4 y x4

tha

c)Cho x, y, z 1. Chng minh:

ac0

b c.

Chng minh: c(a c) c(b c) ab.

xy z 1 yz x 1 zx y 1

d)Cho x 4, z 1, y 9. Chng minh:

e)Cho x 0, y 0, z 0. Chng minh:
f)Cho a 0, b 0, c 0. Chng minh:

3xyz

xy z 1 yz x 4 zx y 9

1
( x 2 z)( y 2 z)xy

1
( a b) ( a 2c)(b 2c)

11xyz

12

( x y z )2

2( a b c)2

g)Cho s thc khng m x. Chng minh: 6. 3 4x3 x 4x 4x2 2.

h)Cho s thc

x 4; 6 .

Chng minh: x 4 6 x 2.

i)Cho s thc x ; 5 Chng minh: x 3 3x 1 4 5 x 12.

3
j)Cho s thc x 2; 2 2 . Chng minh: 8 x2
1
x

x2 2 15 x2 1

4
4 x2
2 x2

1
x

k)Cho s thc x 1. Chng minh: x 1 x.

l)Cho s thc x 2. Chng minh: x 1

4( x 1 x 2)
3( x 2 1)2

3.

Bi 11.Tm gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau v cho bit gi tr y t ti v tr no ca bin ?

a) y x 18 , x 0.

b) y x

4
, x 1.
x 1

4
, x 3.
x3

d) y x

1
, x 0.
4x

e) y 5x

1
, x 1.
20( x 1)

f) y x

2
, x 1.
x 1

g) y x

2
, x 2.
x2

h) y 3x

c) y x 1

i) y x
3

5
1
, x
2x 1
2

TRN CNG HNG

j) y

1
, x 1.
x1

5
x
, x (0;1).
1 x x

TRANG 11

k) y x 3
4

m) y
o) y

16
, x 1.
x1

l) y

x4 1
, x 0.
x2

n) y 3x

x2 4 x 4
, x 0.
x

r) y (2x 5)(5x 14) , x 0.

x2 x 9
, x 2.
x2

t) y

x2 x 3

u) y 4x 1 , x 0.

v) y

y) P

x) y
z) P

x3

, x 3.

xy
( x 4)( y 1)

1
, x 0.
x3

x2 x 4
, x 1.
x1

p) y

q) y (4 x)( x 2) , x 0.
s) y

x3 1
, x 0.
x2

, x 4, y 1.

1 x3
x
x 1

, x (0;1).

, x 1.

xy
( x 1)( y 1)

w) P

, x 1, y 1.

xy
( x 9)( y 9)

, x 9, y 9.

Bi 12.Tm gi tr ln nht ca cc hm s sau v cho bit gi tr y t ti v tr no ca bin ?

8

a) y x(4 x), x 0; 4 .

b) y 4x(8 5x), x 0;
5

c) y ( x 3)(5 2x), x 3;
2
1 3

1 4

d) y (2x 1)(4 3x), x ;

2 3

e) y (2x 1)(3 5x), x ;

2 5

f) y 4( x 1)(8 5x ), x 1;
5

g) y 4x3 x4 , x 0; 4

h) y (1 x)(1 x2 ), x
1;1

i) y x2 (3 x), x 0; 3

j) y x2 (1 x), x 0;1

k) y x(a 2x)2 , x 0;
2

l) y

m) y x2 9 x2 , x
3; 3

n) y x 2 x2 , x 2; 2

o) y (4 x)

p) y (a x)

16 x2 , x 0; 4

x 4 x2 , x
2; 2

q) y 3 x2 (2 x), x 0; 2

r)

s) y

t) y 5

x 2 2 6 x.

u) y x 1 , x 1.
x

TRN CNG HNG

a2 x2 , x 0; a

y x 1 5 x.
x 1 3 6 x.

v) y x 2 , x 2.
x

TRANG 12

x) P
z) P

x y4 y x4
xy

x y2 y x3
xy

y) P

w) P

x y 4 y x 1
xy

x y5 y x2
xy

C si ng c du
Mt s trng hp nu nh gi trc tip bng Cauchy th s a v dng A P B :
khng ni ln c iu g ?! Khi , ta bin i v p dng BT Cauchy ngc du s
trnh c iu ny. Chng hn cn chng minh:

a
?!.
1 b2

Nu p dng Cauchy di

a
a
s khng t yu cu. Khi cn thm trc n

2
2b
1 b
a
a(1 b2 ) ab2
ab2 Cauchy
ab
s c du mong mun.

a
a
2
2
2
2
1 b
1 b
1 b

mu s c
bin i

l du "", tc

Thng thng, sau khi s dng k thut ngc du s a bi ton bt ng thc hon
v v dng bt ng thc i xng v gin lt i mu s, gip ta d dng x l hn so
vi nguyn thy.
Bi 13.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin: x y z 3. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
thc: P

y
x
z

2
2
1 y
1 z 1 x2

Bi 14.Cho cc s thc khng m x, y, z tha mn iu kin: x y z 3. Tm gi tr nh nht ca

biu thc: P

y2
x2
z2

x 2 y 2 y 2z 2 z 2x2

Bi 15.Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha mn iu kin: x y z 3. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc: P

y2
x2
z2

x 2 y 3 y 2z 3 z 2x3

Bi 16.Cho cc s thc khng m x, y, z tha mn iu kin: x y z 3. Tm gi tr nh nht ca

biu thc: P

x1 y 1 z1

y 2 1 z 2 1 x2 1

Bi 17.Cho x, y, z l ba s thc dng.Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:

P

yz
x 2 yz

xz
y 2 xz

xy
z 2 xy

Bi 18.Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha mn iu kin: xyz 1. Hy tm gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc: P

x4 y
x2 1

y4 z
y2 1

z4 x

z2 1

Bi 19.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin: x y z 3.

Chng minh rng:

y3
xyz
x3
z3

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x y
y z
z x

Bi 20.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin: x y z 3.

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 13

Chng minh rng:

y
x
z
3
3
3

y xy z yz z zx 2
3

Bi 21.Cho x, y, z 0 tha mn iu kin: xyz 1. Chng minh: x y z

x, y , z 0

1 x 1 y 1 z

1 y 1 z 1 x

Chng minh: 3

Bi 22.Cho
y 16 z 3 16 x3 16 6
x y z 3

K THUT I BIN
Mc ch chnh ca vic i bin l chuyn bi ton t tnh th kh bin i i s
(bin c) sang trng thi d bin i i s hn (bin mi). Thng thng, vi bi
ton bin mi l nhng bi ton quen thuc. Do , cn phi nm vng cc k thut
bin i cng nh vic s dng thnh tho cc BT thng dng v cn nh rng, nu
bi ton c iu kin rng buc th khi i bin cn ch iu kin bin mi sao cho
khi t n th iu kin ban u v cui cng c m bo, chng hn nh: Cho
a, b, c 0 v abc 1 . Tm GTLN GTNN ca biu thc P ........... T iu kin, ta c
y
z

x
y

th t a , b , c

z
x

x y z
y z x

nhm m bo iu kin ban u: abc 1.

Php t n ph cng thng gp i vi bi ton ng cp, ngha l sau khi chia cn

i bin.

BI TP VN DNG
Bi 23.Cho x, y l 2 s thc khc 0. Chng minh:
x 0, y 0, z 0

Bi 24.Cho
x y z 1

Bi 25.Cho 3 s thc dng

biu thc:

Chng minh:

a, b, c
ab
4bc
9ca
P

b 2a b 4c a 4c

x 0, y 0, z 0

Bi 26.Cho 1

1
1
x y z 1
3
3
3

x, y , z 0

Bi 27.Cho
xyz 1
Bi 28.Cho

a, b, c

( x 2 y 2 )2

x2 y 2

3.
y 2 x2

3
2
2
14.
xy yz zx x y 2 z 2

tha mn iu kin: 2ab 5bc 6ca 6abc. Tm gi tr nh nht ca

Chng minh rng:

Chng minh:

x 2 ( y z)
y y 2z z

9x
9y
9z
3x 3 y 3z

4
3x 3 y z 3 y 3 x z 3 z 3x y

y 2 ( z x)
z z 2x x

l di 3 cnh tam gic. Chng minh:

Bi 29.Cho x 0, y 0, z 0. Chng minh:

TRN CNG HNG

4 x2 y 2

z 2 ( x y)
x x 2y y

2.

a2
b2
c2

a b c.
bca cab abc

y
x
z
3

2x y z 2 y z x 2z x y 4

TRANG 14

a, b, c l cc s thc dng
1
1
1
P 3
3
3

a (b c) b (c a) c ( a b)

Bi 30.Cho
thc:

tho mn iu kin: abc 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu

Bi 31.Cho cc s thc dng

a, b, c.

Chng minh:

ab
bc
ca
16

a b c 4a b c 16b c a 15

Bi 32.Cho cc s thc dng

a, b, c.

Chng minh:

a
b
c
3

, (BT : Nesbitt )
bc ca ab 2

Bi 33.Cho cc s thc dng

a, b, c.

Chng minh:

y
x
z
3

2x y z 2 y z x 2z x y 4

a , b, c 0

Bi 34.Cho
abc 1

Chng minh: a b c , IMO

b
c
a

a , b , c 0

Chng minh:
Bi 35.Cho
ab bc ca abc

b2 2a 2
c 2 2b2
a2 2c 2

3.
ab
cb
ac

x, y , z 0

Bi 36.Cho 1 1 1

x y z 1

Chng minh: x yz y xz z yx xyz x y z .

a , b, c , d 0

Chng minh: (a b)(c d) 4 2(a b c d).

Bi 37.Cho
ab cd 1

Bi 38.Cho cc s thc dng

a, b, c.

Chng minh:

a2 bc b2 ca c 2 ab

a b c.
bc
ca
ab

Bi 39.Cho cc s thc dng

a, b, c.

Chng minh:

( a b c)3 6( ab bc ca)

3.
27 abc
( a b c )2

Bi 40.Cho x 2, y 2, z 2 v

1 1 1
1.
x y z

TRN CNG HNG

Chng minh: (x 2)( y 2)( z 2) 1.

TRANG 15

Bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz loi I

x; y; a; b

th:

2
2
2
2
2

( a.x b.y) ( a b )( x y )

2
2
2
2

a.x b.y ( a b )( x y )

Du " " xy ra khi

x y
, ( a; b 0).
a b

( a.x b.y c.z)2 ( a2 b2 c 2 )( x2 y 2 z 2 )

th:

2
2
2
2
2
2

x; y; z; a; b; c

a.x b.y c.z ( a b c )( x y z )

Du " " xy ra khi v ch khi

x y z
(a; b; c 0).
a b c

Bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz loi II (cng mu s)

x; y

x; y; z

a 0, b 0

th

x 2 y 2 ( x y )2

a
b
ab

a 0, b 0, c 0

th

Du " " xy ra khi

x 2 y 2 z 2 ( x y z )2

a
b
c
abc

Du

x y

a b

""

x y z

a b c

Thng thng, ta s s dng dng cng mu s khi c dng bnh phng v c 2

dng lm cho bc ca bt ng thc gim i.
Bi 1.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau
a)Nu 2x 3y 4 th

2x2 3y 2

c)Nu 3x 4y 7 th

x2 y 2

e)Nu 3x 4y 10 th

16

49

25
x2 y 2 4.

g)Nu 3a 4b 7 th 3a2 4b2 7.

i)Nu 3a 5b 8 th

7 a2 11b2

2464

137

k)Nu 2a 3b 5 th 2a2 3b2 5.

b) Nu 6x y 5 th 9x2 y2 5.
d)Nu 6x 12y 5 th 4x2 9 y2 1.
f)Nu x 7 y 10 th x2 y2 2.
h)Nu 2a 3b 7 th

3a2 5b2

735

47

5
l) ( x 2 y 1)2 (2x 4 y 5)2 9 , x, y .
5

j)Nu a 2b 2 th

a 2 b2

Bi 2.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

a)Nu x2 y2 1 th

b) Nu x2 2 y2 8 th 2x 3y 2 17.

3x 4 y 5.

c)Nu x2 4 y2 1 th x y 5
2

e)Nu 4(a 1) 9(b 2) 5 th

2

d) Nu 36x2 16 y2 9 th

y 2x

2a 6b 20 5.

Bi 3.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

a) 6 x 1 8 3 x 10 2, x 1; 3

b) 3 x 1 4 5 x 10, x 1; 5

c) 1 x 2 x 6, x
2;1

d) 2 x 4 13 x 3 5, x 4;13

e) 3 x 5 2 20 a 13, x
5; 20

f) 5 x 9 2 20 x 29, x 9; 20

Bi 4.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau

a)Nu x, y, z 0 v x y z 1 th 1 x 1 y 1 z 6.
b)Nu a, b, c th 3(a2 b2 c2 ) (a b c)2 .
c)Nu a2 b2 c2 1 th a 3b 5c 35 .
TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 16

d)Nu a2 b2 c2 1 th a 2b 2 5c 5 .
e)Nu a c 0 v b c 0 th c(a c) c(b c) ab.
f)Nu 4a 9b 16c 49 th

1 25 64

49.
a b
c

g)Nu a b c 1 th a 1 b 1 c 1 2 3.
h)Nu a b c 12 th a 3 b 2 c 1 3 6.
i)Nu a b c 4 th a b b c c a 2 6.
j)Nu a, b, c l ba s thc thay i tha a b c 6 th a2 b2 c2 12.
Bi 5.Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau
a)Nu a b 1 th
c)Nu a b 1 th

2
1
a 4 b4
8

b)Nu a b 1 th

a 2 b2

a 3 b3

d)Nu a b 2 th a4 b4 2.

Bi 6.Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc biu thc sau

a) A 7 x 2 x , vi 2 x 7.

b) B 6 x 1 8 3 x vi x 1; 3 .

c) C y 2x 5 vi 36x2 16y2 9.

d) D 2x y 2 vi

e) E x 1 3 x.
g) G 2 x 4 8 x.
i) I 4 x 3 5 4 x.

f) F 3 x x 5.
h) H 5 x 1 3 6 x.
j) J 1 2x x 8.

x2 y 2

1.
4
9

Bi 7.Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc (nu c)

a)Cho
b)Cho
c)Cho
d)Cho
e)Cho

v x2 y2 5. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc A 2x y.

x, y v 2x2 3y 2 6. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc B 4x 2 y.
x, y v x2 4 y2 10. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc C 3x 5y.
x, y , z v xy yz zx 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc D x4 y4 z4 .
x, y v x2 y2 1. Tm GTLN ca biu thc E x 1 y y 1 x .
x, y

f)Cho a 1. Tm GTLN ca biu thc F a sin x a cos x.

4
x

g)Cho x, y 0 v x y 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc G

4y

h)Cho x, y, z 0 v x y z 1. Tm GTLN ca H 1 x 1 y 1 z .
i)Cho

x
2; 2 .

Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc I x 4 x2 .

Bi 8.Cho x, y, z 0. Chng minh:

y2
xyz
x2
z2

yz zx xy
2

Bi 9.(Czech and Slovak Match 1999) Cho

x 0, y 0, z 0

Bi 10.Cho
x y z 3

Chng minh:

Tm gi tr nh nht ca: P

Bi 11. Cho cc s thc dng

TRN CNG HNG

a, b, c 0.

a, b, c , d.

Chng minh:

a
b
c

1.
b 2c c 2a a 2b

y3
x3
z3

x 2 y 3z y 2 z 3x z 2 x 3 y

a
d
c
d

2.
bc cd da ab

TRANG 17

a 0, b 0, c 0

Bi 12.Cho
a b c 3
Bi 13.Cho

a, b, c 0.

Chng minh:

x 0, y 0, z 0

Bi 14.Cho
xyz 1
Bi 15.Cho

a, b, c 0.

Chng minh:

a
b
c

1.
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab

a3
b3
c3
a 2 b2 c 2

a 2b b 2c c 2a
3

Tm gi tr nh nht ca: P

Chng minh:

1
1
1
3
3

x ( y z) y ( z 1) z ( x y)
3

a2
b2
c2

1.
a2 2bc b2 2ca c 2 2ab

Bi 16.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin: x y z 6. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc: P

y3
x3
z3

yz xz xy

x 0, y 0, z 0

Bi 17.Cho
x y z 1

Tm gi tr nh nht ca: P

Bi 18.Cho x, y, z 0. Tm gi tr nh nht ca: P

y
x
z
2

x 8 yz y 8zx z 2 8xy
2

y2
x2
z2

y 2 yz z 2 z 2 zx x2 x2 xy y 2

Bi 19.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin: x y z 6. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc: P

1
1
1
1

2
2
xy yz zx
x y z
2

Bi 20.Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng thay i tha mn iu kin: x y z 3. Hy chng minh

rng :

y
x
z
2
2
xyz.
2 x yz 2 y zx 2z xy
2

..HT.

TRN CNG HNG

TRANG 18