. . If l(.

ij
St. G h i n i n a Tsv. Niko l ova
JI. '
L. Sakazova'
.1
;\
BULGARIAN
,

1,
:t FOR
1,
,l'

I
FOREIGNERS
"

Seco n d edition
1

-
u
1972 ! Naouka i I zko u st'DO
Sofia - ' 1 972
'. ,

I
,
\

CQNTENTS

PAR T ONE
Prcface
The BuJgarian JJlt ........... 2
. .13 : , . . . . lt I1 6 I1 : -;
-. .1 .w: II II IIO I l10 II
(The Vowels; , . . . u. The Voiced 311d Voice]ess s()nn\s: -/u ..
3-. The u i!i ry Verb ,ll 3rd Pers. Slg . Present s) . . 5
. . Dl1 .~ltlt: 6- n, - . 'l eJ IIII
. . fie3.'l . Jl U,l/- (lH~ VoW'el . Th e Voiced and Voice -
less 11 50n15: 6-n , -m . The Diphthongs , . The Im perso na\ Ve rbs
: - ) .. ....... ..... .. . . ... 9
. 3 . 633I1 I : d -, ~-K. ll . .
Jl . .1 I1 TJl3fOJ! II{, (lle Voiced
an d Voiceless n s nts: -, Z- K. The Dli1l J: s , 011. ('fs J
nou ns. The lllr
Verb - Prese nt Tense .loI )
II ...........
. 4 -. 8JII '1.\Ie. llJ1- "
~ll (The Diphthongs Ua-----bU. Tlle Noan . Gender 01 NOl1nS/
. 3lol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \8
. J180 . J1Jl . rrlt.1 ~Jlltl ,IJ.I(' 3 (. -
J1' . The Ad jective. Gend er of Ad jecti\cs) . . . . .... .... 21
. n If .1 . " ('
113 l . II
n (' l (Conj uRali on 01 111(' Verb. lI~ rs Tens e.
Fresenl Tense 01 Ill e \ 'erbs 01 th e Third Conj uga tton) 27
. .13J1 (s(' t Te nse 0\
th e Vetbs 01 IIle First Con jugali on)
. . . . . . . . ... .. . - 3\
. .10.1 ll {' (rs l Tense 01
th e Verbs 01 the Second Con jugation)
. . . . . . . . . 35
. . 13 {' 4.10 (Uses 01
tJle Art ic Je with No uns i tJl e SigJ r)
!! . _ 38
. 4 It34{'. 11 3 )
(Parts of Ill Sil S t. Wotd Order 01 ( Si l Sen tence).
J1" " . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . .... . . .' 42
EJUHaJecem/j ". " "" 11

'1 .~ (U ses of the Artic!e Witll Nouns of M ascu line Gender In
the SingaJa r)
ll .................. . 47

v
 . . I fl". 'IIIlI.1I
Uf/lll/l1 ", lmllt IIMel13 ll , 1(of!TO Ila
Ul,m3 (The CompOllfld S(' nlcnce. jll li s)
l' II U . CblIleCBJ!Te.~1I1I ll3 ~1f , I Ila ~,laLII3
3R1lll\ II 8 3 11 l.l ]05
(I'ii NO HllS I::nd ing in SOl. s u1i N s I::ndin g in ~ Vuwe])
IIII . . . . , . m ypOI\. ll . JlYMII (\\/ [(! S!I UC ~IJ re)
pound Words
limHflJecemu . 311 33 11 33 lIll lllt (Prepositi i)ns Deno!ing ]
fu~_. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ]09
and Moll"::ln) . . , , , . . . . . . . .. ,.,.". 53
, .~ l ll, llll l10 " Il'l
'lt'mupUHaJecemu , ,131'II llll (Vcrbs 01 Mo!ion) . ~I I4 III!"1I 11 ' (~ Cornplex Sen!cnce. The
POO'~ r.T R I I, , , . . ' . . , , . , . , . . 57 Advcrblal Clause. jltis)
1I,'lIIll . .~Il3 Ila I,llIll Ill 11 I ( ltO 'I . . . . 112
(Adje. tivf'S in Ihe Singu(ar Used \\'11]1 the Dclinilc Arliclc) ll . lIa , l! IIHJt (Aspect ! 111 Verb)
'lIII Il ceMcl'lcToo XPI!CTOIII'. , . . . ' ... ,."" 59 3 flII!IfI . . . . 115
111.'cmHaJecenm . CTell('llyoaHe 3 IllI "3 (Ad jec!ives. Degrces /1 81110 ". llfl . II.1I "l.llIJ IIII
01 ris ) I \' . lI 11ll lIII Jl ll (N umerals Fractions. SlIbstan!ivJsed
110 62 Numerals. Adjectival Nls)
(:, ',I".IIHaJecemll . (' IIpe~l" .1OJ1 (lI(' Futur" Tensc) lI . . . . . . , . . . ]20
I{~ II ... , , , , ... , ' ... 65 ypol\. 06pa3YBalle Ila ml II
~H IIIt I F ri 01
(), '(,,II ypOI\. Il "ll 1! lI "ll " 11.\I"lla fllI . Verbs 01 Perlective AspcCI)
I ('II" ' 113 IIOIIIIII(' llltlI1 IIMeH3 /l, IIII 123
II '~ r"(' II III! II~II!1 ( ltl of Fii NIS. PIIIfal 01 l . 06Ill 11 3 I1 II ll ll tFti
syllablc Masculinc Nou ns. Proper NOlJflS Consisting of Adjcctives afld NOts). of Verbs 01 Im perlecti v" AS j:ect)
ll , . . , . . . ' ........ ' .... , ...... ' 8 ll ll 6w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Jl,',;,'mrIlJ~cerllll . ;" '! 11.:1 lv. I I \ \'\l\,11I111 IIM~lIa . llQ Ila .1(' 1I
J+. !!.(Plural of MOflos)'llab:c Mascll1ine Noufls) 11 (Uses 01 ' Vcrbs 01 Perlective and Imperlec!lve Aspecl in
1101 )',I\I\ . . . . , , . . . . . . . , .... ' , 72 th~ Ftur Tense)
" . 1.':10
,'("m1r'amll I. l'l ll ~I 33 l\, ll 'IIICM) 113 R". fl l
01' 'I,I1 (NU1il F1 01 MaSClllinc NIS) ". 8llII0 mi I ll . II
1:: lIII~lll .',.,...."., . . , , . 75 (lle Rt'fle xive Pcrsona! Pronoun . Reflcx!ve Vtrbs)
60 . . . . . , . . . . 132
Jl" ",JI'O'1II njl81i . ll l I1 .l '~IIIIII i1ll C]ICItell
. ,\( II"I '1II 113 I,\, ~lI (Plll r.11 ! Ne\!tel N\!s. . ":.I( II 1Q . ....1 \! II('
1>1'lr'll () f Adjecliv"s) J II\' Il (Posscssive Pronouns. Full t' f S 01 the Poss ~ ssive
71 rIlS)
......... , . 139
~'I",,,I" cl'l1I 11 flm . .1 R3 (' 3 III(','I IIII IIMclla 11 l/
'1I1r.10. '11Il'IIY"31! ~' Ila (' lI HMclla 11 l II ~ (Uses 01 IIle , . .. . . JI 1Ia IIII't"IIII(' MecToIIMCIII1 H. .ll
Dlilt Arlicle witll NOUlIS il1 tlle PIIIral. Uses of ttle Definite Ar!icle Willl ll IJ ll .\l r ... 3r.1 rur tShorl

Adj('cH\'cs irl ,111' Ill ) Forms of 1111' Possessive ProflOuns, Past Tenses ! thc Verb .. )
~I'' 11 I OllI IIII IlpeM"lla ..... 81 H al'l-u.Il . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
TplIJecem . II",1 (]l Rellexive
/ 1"'lIkcl'tn fj . ll f . lt 6l'l II " (Nl1Inera!s. Poss('ss iv(' Pronoun )
C~f(linal N ll ls ) ' " . . , , . . . , . . . . . 147
~I ' I!1l IIIIu. . . . . . . .. , . 85
ypol\. QlI ,1 u 11 ll, .
,'/mJul'r'cm 11 'r~ll . fl,~1II1 llll IIM"H3 (Ordina! N ]s) J (Rltiv Pronouns : ig Persons and Ob jects.
1\ ':!, . . . . . , ... , . . . ... , ... 90 l Attribulive (Relative) Il!s )
1(,"80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
,'1"",1"(,'11/ JI ",''" . II. " ;r, lI -
1'''''111 (11I11j.!'It lv Pronouns . Transitive and In transitive Verbs). mum. . .10 1, IIpeMt', . '
IIlIJQ \lpe M':
r.!II1',\'\j( ;1 ",,"I~ . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 94 111 I! II" ll ( Pas! Simple Tense ( II !l
.) The Past Simpl" Te:lse 01 Vc rbs of ttl e TiJird and Sccolld nj
jl"",I",.,'1II Jj me,.1I1II YI'OK. II~ II I\ II" (Case Forms 01 gat1on)
tllC 1>~Sl l Prnt1ll11s ) llllll . . . . . ".,..............., 155
)]6'1I) t' (('II, . , . . . . 98
Il ypol\. flll II (' Ila ',1a/O.'ll!T(' CI!pe-
11 . . t'31111 1II, I ' (9110 rlp('J( lll 11 3 I ll (I st Sim plc
){t l 01 Two Verbs Llnkcd Willl IIl Parl icle . ud Predi- Tensc ( Il3 I II.\l ) 01 Velbs 01 1]l First Conj ug.1t iun wi'il Con
!)
sonant before the Endlng of the 1st Pers. Sing .. Present Tense)
................. 103 . . . . . . , .. . 161

V
I
'1,.,",,1"""""'" ,,;,
0811 (Tb~ Past Slmpte Tense
", " r.llaro.~HTe llO
11113.'
Cllpe ik ". /'. (Verbal PrefJJ:es)
.t('-II ( '".II3CII;\ 'Ioe,. o"oH"a HVC~sH~?Ct"he Flrst Contug ~ tlon wJth Vowel lI~ ..... ...
I' I I I :' f lll> IIIl ) of " S' Present ~) lJ/ecmdecemu (. ltJl ( Apposilion)
2;)5
I) f,' !',: Ending of 111(' 1st efi. tg., .
}(''(''I.), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 166 L8 . . . . " . . . . . . . . . ....... . . 239
, p ~a
ld mu . (~s~s ( I Verbs ( Perfective and /mperfect-
113 .1.1II ( ll 11 II8lIl 11 . ltO lill (The PredJcatlve)
'1,"rt1I'II/J"'C"flI 11 HapoII ll a ll II ( lJ). . . . . . 242
~tI'~ ~ ~'~I'la.~~ ~~~PS~~H~c"~~~ Tense ( ",)
,y~ sp~c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ik J. I' NeCOHMellllll. ll 8N
<:'11'111<1 168 (G tr!i zig ru s. 111 PaSI Per!ect Tense,
1f1"'II/fI/lI)e~'em ,.- 1l0III (lt
- II'.1 ('.1 ;!I(3
Declarative Obicct CI~\lse.
t. , "
COnJu nc, " .83CIIII Jl,, . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Itlllll rn I

lilms)
J,rI l I I! 1 .
". ltO "3nll"!'. 8ll IlI
Il 11 <1 ~1I .
IIpeMe lll lI l' 1I0 ll I IIpeMe (The IndirecI I ditJv Moocr.
171
The Pas! SJmple and Ihe /mpe rfcct Pasl Tensl'S. Idirt Jndicafi ve Mood)
'/~'mllplI(jl!cem 11 ". (1l Ad'lerb) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
111'11 LU'I 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ') 173
'lemO'lJpmu !';. ll3 11 t '~ Bpe~Clla
<'lnllJll ced,tt. II ". .1I' " " I 1111
" , (The Irnperati'le
117 tsa lI rlf l1 '6II (Uses , Ille Pas! Tellses ' thr Indicative
. .............. . .... ) alld Ind irect /nd icall'le MOOd When DescribJng Historlca/ Events)
( .,lI) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . 255
f'muputcm oc,tt.u ". M""a.1n l'"' (~h~ ~m:.rf~ct. P.as: . e~s~
lltO. . . . . . . . . .. . .... 181 J". . .., lJf'I'lo:II opeloi'e
l'ml/m deBemu ". Jl.' II . ,11I nOJlII (Preposit!ons (The Ptesenl and 11/1' F uture Tenses Used in th e Indirect Indlcative Mood)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
DenOling 1lm . Impersonal Ve rbs) .......
Il n!' I< _ ....... . 186 /. r.1 ll lt (II' Ad'lerbJal odr)
J}(. .1 " MCCTOII.llC"HR (DemOnslral.I\'e ~r~n~u.ns~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
8 ,1 111111 llllan" r" . . . . . . . 190 ce~ . llJJltnlI . Orl.'1111 NecTOII~e_
(IndefinJl e Pronouns. Neg3tj'le Pron ourts~
IItmaecem . r.lI IIn . ,." "' .."II (The Verba!
Noun. Th e Ilrj li) I1 l1 III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
3ll aJl"'I . . . ' ... 195 .' . " ll ( S/tiIl/ Phrases~
1\0IJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
P A RT TWO . 'll ll. IIIII'./I -
'l (1111' Compound Senlence. Copu'~tive COnjuncllons _ Contlnued)
11 lJ .

pa3Yyl~aloTO
'! 3ll 101
In
_)
(Frtti 01 Nouns.
11' lI ~ .
Spe<:Ja/ EIlO 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Casts of Agreemenl 0 / Subject and Pre.dl~3[.t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
IlpaKT\lK3 11 t. . . . . . . .
CeJe,tt.decemu . 8 Nllll
(The F ulure in Ihe sl Tense)
) !1 ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
. II llpeMe (lle Hls!orJc P~es.en.t :e~se 208
fioeo ( ). . . . . . . . . . ..... n . lII! llloll1ll _ ll.
.1r.1 " - JJI)l(~liIt (Relative Pronouns -:- 'lIt II
The Atlributive l s - t itld) Continued.
~elJp
sent Parliciple ?" . .lvae~31~I/O/,
- Ad,ccl

lI, 1l Preseni Parl icJple _ Ad v. rbla l
Ilpll'l3C1llC ll lt (T/lt Pre
, IC . ln80 11 ..11II~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rllipl) 285
)' HOlla l ~ ..... 211 Cee~ece . 11 8. B.... eTltaTIi 11
(lle FulUfe Petfecl 1ense. Parenthellllcal Words and ExpressJons)
nemU(TYh~P'.'t
( lu Illl . II IJ l'-
'P", ,I'I,,pl, . perfective. 1111' Presenl Perfect Tense) . . . . . . . " ...... 290
8l'loI....
I13IIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 215 ,..
CombInations) III. "3 utl (Tense
! . n n ' e~le 11 110l'II \I~IIII (The
Il peM e 8108
II 3- . . . . . . . ..........
,," . .... . .. . . , 294
P resentIIlt. "",I I"'
Petfect s n t errog
ll~~f:~IO~nJ Ngtiv Senttnces. The Present
11 /l . !10ll11 JIOrlJlllIleJilIO . ltll
Petfect 5 in Subordlnale Clauses) 222 lI rtl II - .1 (The Object CJause. jlltls _
Conlinued)
D-I)ll 3 II .1 311100 ...... '. : ... : .
11 ced,tt.u . ", JlliO nI!l' (Tlle PaSI ~ar~lc~p~e ~a~s~v~~ 227
C'b6paHlJe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
8aCJln JlesCKI! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceae.wdecem n . ~ (Direct Speech)
. 3 ..... ......
f)c,tt.U YPUI'Ar'J!c~f~::I~yll;'~fn~lI~l
1111(' (F rm t I
n II " . lJn
of SuffiJt:es. The Attribute)
...... . Ceae,tt.decem lU . CTpaaTeJleH (The PassJve Voice)
301
III I;tr :t ........ . . 231 Q ceJlO. . . . . . . . . . . .
..... .
VII/
'
Cee.wJecem u ,." . cTpaaT('JleH aJI (The Passi\'e Voic(',
IndJrect Indlcallve ood)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10
,." u ,." . II II . lllt,' 11It
06 ('II" H - pGll (The Adverbial Clau se. COn jun cti ons-
ContJnued)
I II .. , . 3 13
UiJe.wdecem u m . ll . ;t Ill III I
flu lO'. - pGllll (The Ad verblal Clause. Con junclions-
Continued)
/t II ? . . . . 3 18
PREFACE
..,m . lI . CJl (The CondJ tionaJ. Tlle
Condlt lonal Senten~) This textbook is t for foreig ners studying Bulgarian. It aiw.s to
.. II000Aa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 32 1 the students to read and write, to understand comparative ly eas}'
,."m u n/ . II (' IIII 113 ~ texts d to conve rsation in Bulgarian.
(Compl ex Sentences with 01 Than Suoordinate Clallse,
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 326 The tex tbook includes texts, g rammar, lexical and grammar exercises,
, Cl I KII3C3 327 vocabulary and additional reading from Bulg,:trian literature.
Vocabu lary. . 33 1 textbook is in two pa rts. The fi rst part consists of 5 1 lessons
Geog1aphlc Names 82
Add ltlonal Reading 83 iIIustrating rules il1 with the pronunciation, !
speech and spelling of Bulgarian. It deals with the main point s of
pho!ogy and st .
second par! consists of l e s~ ons, which dea! in g reater detail
with the grammatica! categories touched in the first sti.
grammar exercises intended to cOlJsoJidate the student's kllOw-
ledge and Jink the theory with the livjng 8ulgarian !anguage.
he texts in conform ity with t i grmti! categories and
include the most essential s k , icl and ecol1Omic Bulgarian vQ-o
cabu lary.
In order ( aid the student's active mastery of { new vocabu!ary
there t s the texts, g roups of antonyms and synonyms, addi-
tional vocabu!ary and special exercises the texts.

aut hor s
 PART ONE

 8ULGAR I AN A LPHA BET
Printed
-1--
'1
Writttn lefters I English
I Printed
lttttrs __
1

c;pital! Sma l1 ]
Writt tn letters

Capital ~I~S:::m:::
,,:..,_!-
Narne 01
Ittter
EngJisl1
eqrrl\'altn l
__-+_ _____1 _
Exam ples
IttltfS

IcaPit811Small [ C~pital L $rll

Name of
lel!er <,quivaltnt

,~-;--- I . - I [[ bath n f/l n II [ ;)] l

['[ I'] - ]

: 6 55 i i [,[ bath
[ ' [

fr t rot
['r:>za]
I [V<l1 vat I [S <I ' 5l
(v :>'d] [',_loJ
r
[
~
I , [g,[ gag
[g'diJ
5il ' m tel1
[t 'v ]

3) [ Ij
dog

[d,[ [ ] you lh
Idenl [u'r:>k]
I iP
l
i ll den [f'J fi t
I'bedenJ ['fabrika ]
I
I
1'J m s {h<l] J hu l
[ 'J Jh"J
3 I J z !
['z im]

I V, 11; [t5<1[ bits UeHa
[lse'na ] ,

liJ t G!t '(, [11'[ church
['imel
m
:1:
[tla' t[
youth
'. 1/'1 fiSh
l; 'krat koJ I'jovaJ ['lapkaJ
Ik' J kit

14 ~ t , Ilt'J fishtai I

['kanaJ
7J '
i I'lla,ti_J
fI'I Iit '1 but
fla'le [ [ go'ljam] [ g ] J

[ ] !
[' ]

I
[ 'malak}
yoke
[' k ] jJ
It I ~l not
:J(J l yule ,1
[ ] ['juliJ
0- [31 got 1 fl !l Ijal rn

l'k J ['j g J

2 3
 Vowels
1. Back (hard) vowels: , , , . li
2. Fron t (soft) vowets; , .

No t e: ,,:: , , , ~ 1
ulg ri vowels short. : '
-; - l
I
ra ro CLW f
Consonants T~M 8
ceraW HO I
1. Voiced : , , , , , 3, , , , , 101, , .
2. Voiceless: n, , , , , , , , .
- - - --'
No te s:
sound of r is alwa}s r u d as the Scottish r i bring.
Bulga rian [] is aspirate.

sls Expressed Two Letters

-
- ,

Letter ssig Two Sounds

- -
. . 08 .

ututi Marks ,
?
. ! ~
~ -
~
... . 11

. . ) \' ,1.

, "

" ,. " " ;',,:1. "-;,,I!r

,
!>, . . .1 .

5
 ~.
6 ?
- . .

R - .
. ..1l. . . .

~. - .

. . . .

- .
The voiced consonant [1 is pronounced as at the end
of word before voiceless consonant ( - . -
.)
The voiced consonallt (z) is pronounced as (s)t the end of
word before voiceless cons6nant ( - ,
).
r ] ?
( j I :?) 1 ], .

6 ? -
I ] ?

( IJ 1 ?)
] 1. .

6
" 7
 GRAMMAR EXERCISES
J. Read the following words:
I I ?
--
( J J Tn6~?)
i 1l, TOI~I . ~, , ,\. , , ,
.~, , , .
, , , ll ,

2. What is this ?

1 I ?
- - r 1, :I !_ 1
';-:-
( I \ TOB1I? 6.~J

1JI~ ?
( I 1 ?)
1. 1, I T~
t, I\.
1'L":i ". t!" .;'I ,, tl" ,r! ~
. Ask questions with KUKdO a nd answer them.
4. Ask gener~1 [questions wlth AU. IAnswer them in ~ Ihe affirmatJve and
neptive.

'iIr
:

Il 6- n, -m
,
? n m Ila _
( ~I it
1: ,' ,5 "}! ,.,:1,. ,fJ ,. ,:,1 -- jHe, It .
.
:l .'1ll.
?)

TOB~ cTel1a !.n I ." . ,

; ,-, ': .. !
.'.' -1' "
1
... "':"'
. ....
? .'
,
',, '
"
' .:,',: !~~i .
I I
( ".'," , .::;:,
, ,. '

<1 .
?)- -

8 9
 \

~ F_ F __
vowe[ I ~ I is very characteristic sound in Bulgarian.
In ord.e r to rou it tl we to pronounce the
sound of () and lift the back of the tongue. It sounds Jike the
in s01a.
voiced COl1sonant (] is pronounced as [] at the end
of word and before voiceless consonant ( - ,
).
voiced consonant [dJ is pronounced as (t] at the end
of word and before voiceless st ( - ,
- ).

~
T~aMBaA.

') 6 7
1
~

. 85
diphthongs [ai] and [ei] form sylJabIe with the
preceding cansonant.
'_~~~~~~~~~~~_ F ___ _
-
F

10
11
 \
I ?
- ! !, .
( \"'"1
?) , .
[" [ ? \ !
.
i
( -;j ?)
-
() ? - .
..... j ..... ,

Nu m be r s:
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
, , , T P ~I, , , , , , ,

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

- . 1. Read the following words :

, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , .1,.1, , , , , ,
, .

2. TYI<?

? - .

- .

I I ?
- i, .
( [ [ ?)
? - .

[ [ ?
( !.! 1)
- IHei. . .,

]2
 ?

. .
. r.

- - - --------
The voiced consonant '] is pronol1nced as IfJ :1t { end
of word or before voiceless consonant ( - ,
- ).
voiced consonant [g] is pronounced as [kJ ! 1 el1d
! word before voiceless consonant ( - 6I{, r
6).

3. Answer tlte folJowin,l:' quesllons '" afflrmallve:

? ? ?
4. Answer the followlng q uestlons ' the negative:
? ? ?
? .~ ?

3" cr .. :
-,2-1(
,

ra ro ".. 8
. .

-- diphthongs and .
dig SQ t.
{ sy lJabIe with the pre

. ?
, . .
?
1I. tTO . . . .

15
 ?
.
?
/ \ I\
1. PERSONAL P R:ONOUNS
. ' .
. Noinative Case
- ? Sigu] Plura!
- , . . :J'e .
J . 1 .
2 . 2 .
Notes the Te.xt 3 . (masculine gd ) 3 ,
(feminine gender)
J, .? - What is you r tiJ i t ? (neuter ge nder)
2. QT ? - Which tOWI1 frOl1l?
, ( ) .,. - I from ... lit focm - ,
4. ? - What is your. ? Persona] pronouns i the Nominative case omitted.
5. t3 ... - l1m is .. . E.xamples :
qT ()?
() . '
Additional Vocabulary
11. AUXILIARY VE RB
Masculin e Feminine Ma s c ul in e Feminine
Present Tense 0/ the u Verb
n n
I<
Positive Interrogative

Sig . 1 . .

2.

. ) )
J\<l
I< I< ' }
' }
J
J

Plur. 1 . '

( ) ( ) 2 .
)' 3 .
l( .... ............ ..... -.... -... -- ... ............
Negative Negativernterrogative
---- --- ... - .. ............. ..-
Sing. 1 .
EXER:ClSES 2.
3 . ) )
1. Lea.r n the dialogue heart.
' } ' }
11. Answer t he fol1owing questions:
;

1.
? 2. ? 3. ? I I
4. ? 5. ? - ? - Plur. 1 .
? - ? - ? - BaunaR? - ? 2 .
.

N t , fo rm for the 3rd pers. plura] of the is

pronounced as .
16
17
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Read the followlng words:
, , , , , .
2. Read the following words:
, , , , , , , , , .
, , , , . .
. FiI1 in the bIanks wlth the correct form of the Cf>At ' " the Present Tense:
... Ji. - ... ~. - ...
~pa . - ... . - ... . -
... . - ... ? - ... ?
4. Use personal pronouns instead 01 the words in bold type:
. - . - The dipbthong 'is written only after vowel or at the
. - . - . - giig of word; is written only consonant.
. - .
Example: . - .
5. Make the following sentences interrogatlve, negatlve and negatlve-Inter-
rogatlve:
. - . - . -
. - . - . "- 1:: . .
. .
. .
Exaple: . - ? - . .
. - ? .
.
. .
. . .
. .
- .
~ . .
'n .

Additional Vocabulary

, , , , Jl , ,
, , , ,
, (), , , , , ,
, , , , .
, , , , , .

, , , , , .

.
.
.
,
.

18
19
 EXERCISES 11. QENDER OF NOUNS

1. Answer the followlng questions: Nouns of masculine gender end usua1Jy in co nsonant.
t. ? 2. . ? 3. Nouns of femin ine gende r end usually in ~a ~.
, CT pa ~a? 4. ? - Nouns 01 neuter gender end usua lly in ~o ~e.
? - ? S. ? 6. ?

11. Make sentences uslng the followlng words: Masculine Feminine Neuter
, , cTpaHlI, , , . - , , , , ,
, . . - , , , , e,u . - , ,,
MOpe,~ , . - , , , . - 6', ,

, , , , . - , , To~a , - , ,
.II
, , , , .

Numbe r s:
- , , , .
I1.


Jl

11 12 13 14
.
( ) () () ( ) ORAMMAR EXERCISES
15 16 17 18 1. FIII ' the bIanks wlth 120 :

( )

()

()

( )
, , , , "
19 20 21 22 ,
,
... , ... , ... , ... , ... , '" ,

... , .,. .
ABaAet:eT
() () ( ) ( ) 2. Pfck out the nouns ' )essons 1 and 2 and write them ' three
columns according to their gender.
30 40 50
. Pick out the names 01 the countrles from lesson 4 and wrlte the namlS
of t helr corresponding natlonalltles.
() () ( ) 4. Wrlte !! proper nouns In two colurnns of ten nouns .
70 80 90 100

OI(AMMAI(

1. NOUN Jl

lnds of Nouns

) Nou ns ) Nus
Exaples: Examples:
'.


Jl

nouns written with small lette r s.

, nouns begin with cap ita! !etter.

20 21
 l'
" ~ ? - lI .
" "".".

1
", '~'1 ,
~ , if'ft
-.
- 8.

rb? ~
"'8:"fj -"
..
...
' - lI ,

K~MeHeH

-- . .,,
,
KAI\BO ? - Tosll 6.
?
"" - ,

? - I1 .

. . ..-o
6 ? - .

?
~_ - II ,
' : , , , , ', , , , .
'

6 ?
- .
? - ,

22 ?
~<---",~- - 6 .

sound 01 which becomes in some words under certain I1-

~ ~ .
ditions is calIed (variable ).
?
-
1) w hen accentuated before , , ,
remains syJJabJe containing the
uhgd back vQwe]s . . ! ;
2) when tutd at the d ,
01 word;
3) in monosyllabic words. , ,
.. ..... --... -...-. ............- -- .... .... -....-... .. , .... -.. ... - ....-..... ....... ...... ... .. ..... .......... .... .. ......... .. ........
"

? - .
1) before syl1abIe containing ,
becomes . the front vowel ! ;
2) in u tutd sy ll able; , ; l'
3) before . , , . , ,
l ',

GRAMMAR
? - . ADJECTIVE
d of AdJect lves

Adiectives stand before no u n s andagree with them i gender

d umr.

Exarnp/es: , , .

Gd r Ending Examples
,
I
? - .
Masculine
Feminine
Nellter
s t, ~

-.
~ o. ~e
,
, :
. ,
,

Exception s : , , .

Soe Changes in the Adjectives fo the Feinine and Neute Gender

li? - .
from the l sy lJabIe of

masculine ad jeclival forms
drops out.

24
(
25
 5. Add suilabIe adJectives 10 the nouns In bold type :

. - u.
. - . - t TO .
Ex ample: . - .
fromthe finalsyllabl e is drop l,
bu t:





ped in s of the feminine
and neuter adjectival forms.
I
,

~
from ' final syllabIe -

is dropped in s m 01 the
ut: feminine and neuter ad jectival
fotm s.
.
.
' . .
in the fjnal syllabJc r
.
ceded v o wel is
tta replaced in fmi i . .

and neuler ad jectival form s.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES
.
t. FiII in the bIanks with R and read the words alO!ld: .
.
... CI!a, ... , . .. , ... , .. . , ... ,
.'1 , . ... ,
, , ... , .'! ... ,
. .. ... u .
,

. 2. Find the followlng adjcctlvcs [ Ihe dlctionary and write Ihelr correspond-
,$.! forms ' t he femlnlne and ncuter gender:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , .
. I
.
. Ihe brackets !! ,2 [ gend er th e follow/ng adjectlves !! nouns: .
() , ( II ) , ( ) , ( ) u , () ,
( H ~CK) , ( ll) II, ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , .
( ) . - ?
Example : () .1 <1 - . .
- -
4. Ffnd sultabIe nouns 111. mascul[ne femlnine !! neuter gender , the
fol1owing adjectlvcs : ' ?
, , , , , , , . . ?
E:X1-!7lpl ~ : il:-.f - u, , (' . . . ?
, . ll .

26 27
 Notes the Text Verbs i u!gri r grouped in three jugtis according to
1. ' ... - dressed i ...
2. . - drive car.
r the fi\
vowe! of the p r esent stemfo rm ( ), i. e.the
rd pers sing., Present Tense. These conjugations : { f i r s t -
conjugation, the s n d or - conjugation and the t h i d or -
. . - begin work. ~ ugation (see the following tabI'e).
4. . - understand Bulgarian well. ,
I
5. ? - Where you gig to?
I Basic I Stem vowel
. ? - What ?
7. . - study Bulgarian philology.
fo rm
I Present stemform
I Conjugalion

Antonyms
, , , , I - first
, , - second
- - , II , -, - third
- -
- -
11. ( PRESENT TENSE)

is formed means of the present stem (the rd

Additlonal Vocabulary
pers. sing. ) and the personal digs for .
curresponds to the English Present Indefinite d the Present
Progressive Tenses.

. .() OF VEBS Of T~IRD CONJUOATION


fJndlngs .,
i
Sigul r . Plural

1. Answt
the followlng questlons:
EXERCJSES
\ 1 .
1. ? 2. T\':IIi ? 3 2 .
? 4. ? 5. 11 3 .
?
? ?
? ..

. Learn the conversation between Vlctor Andr~ev and Peter Mar lnov heart.
111. Make sentences wlth the palrs ' antonyms g .ven . Positi ve Interrogative

Sing. ! .
GRAMMAR
2 .
1. CONJUOATION OF tl VERi3
3 .
Basic form of the Verb
Plur . 1 .
. Verbs i ~ ~ulga rian 11 "~ InfJnitlve form. Therefore t hey looked 2 .
l the dlctlOl1ary under thelf s i f r m ~ Q C ti J BHa ~ d).
3 .
basic lorm 01 vl:rb is the 1st pers. sing., Presel1t ~ . ..... ........ --- , .................. ..... .... .......... ... ....................... ..
Examples: , , , .
For conveniencc 01 tlH! Icarne rs ttle ! 01 all tenscs and participles arc givcl\
in Bulgarian becausc it is dlfflcuJt ( II nd e:tact equivalcnt in English.
28
29
 . Ffnd the basic 'm 01 the following verbs In t he dictionary:
Negative Negative-Interrogative . - . -
. - . -
Sing. 1 . . - .

2 . 4. Make the , from exerclse 3 tl. interroptive and neptive-

3 . ,
Interrogatlve :
Example: . - '
Plur. 1 . ,
? - . -
2 . , ?
3 .
'

lit form - second person plural.

Example: ?

Sing. 1 . Piur. .
2 . 2 .
ron
3 . 3 .

Positive
I Interrogative I Negative J Negative-Jnterrogative

Sing. l . I
, , ?
2 .
, , , .
3 .
?
Plur. 1 .
\ .

2 .
?
, . . .
.
I I
I
, ?
() 16. _
Verbs ending in - ( the 1st pers. sing. belong 10 the
, . .
tbird jugti.
- , .
Examples: , , .
Exceptions: , , .. (first conjugation).
Notes the !
GRAMMAR: EXERCISES
1. ConJug_te the verbs I the follow!ng sentences!n Cef.llIIHO :
1. . - Good lt .
. - ;). - . 2. ? ( ?) - How you?
. - . - 3. . - Thank .
. - . 4. . - I'm right.
2. Put the , In brackets In their respective 'm, for : 5. YPol<. - I' going to my lss.
()? - () ~ ? - 6. () t. - lesson' in Bulgarial11
() . - () . - (). (English).
() . 7. . - 1 know lot of words.
ExampLe: l<al<BO ()? - ?

3t
i
 8. "~ 16. - Ilive at 16 Shipka Street
9. . - to place.
Sing. 1 . Plur. ] .
10. . - Good .
2 . 2 .
EXERCISE 3 . 3 .

Ltarn the dialogue htart.

!!!!
Sig. 1 . Plur. 1 .
QF VERBS OF F!RST CONJUOATJON 2 . 2 . Z-+ before
3 . 3 .
Endlngs

Singular Plural
Sing. 1 . Plur. 1 .

. -, - 1. . -
2
3
.
.
2 .
3 .


I K_1t before
2 . - 2. . -
3 :. . . -, -
tis

Sing. 1 . Plur. 1 .
Positive Interrogative 2 . 2 .
3 . 3 .
Sing. 1 .
2 .
Sing. 1 . Plur. 1 . :
3 .
i . 2 .
Plur. 1 . 3 . 3 .
2 :
3 .
following having , , in their basic forms belong ]50
t() the first conjugation: , , . , uiJ..
Negative Negative-Inte rrogative
:
.... ........... .. .. .............. ........... .............................. . Special Features of of the Verbs of the Fir5t
Conjugatlon
Sing. 1 .
2 . 1. endings for the 1st pers. sing. and d . l. -, -
3 . (after consonant) and -, - ( voweJ).
t i n s: , , , , , .
Plur. 1 .
2 . 2. digs ~a, - a-nd -, - pronounced -, -, _,
3 . )\ whell accentuated.

32
 ExampLes:
- , - ;

- ,., - .
I.
,

roJl

Stress
Verbs 01 the first conjugation may accentuated either the :st 6 6
some other syllabIe.
13. . 1971 .
Examples: , , , , , .

t rmi s u n h 11 g d i 11 f r m 5 of .
,
Examples: . , .
, , , , , ; , , , . .
, , , , , . ~a60THM . .
.
\= . .
O~AMMA~ EXE~ClSES
, "
1. ConJugate _ " '" the followlng sentences '" : . . .
. - . - . - . ? 3p~Ba II? ?
. - . .
.
2. Put the !> 1" brackets '" the correspondlng person and number of
:
U)'
~
() . - () . - ()
. - ( ) ? - () .
( ) .
() .
- () . - () . ,. ].
Notes 0'1 the Text
(, ) . - 1 speak Bul-
garian (EngJish, r h).

I
Exaple: () .
2. . -
Of course.
.
. . - sit up late.
. Look the followlng !> up '" the dittionary a"d write them 1" two 4. . - I like .
columns accordlng to _ endlng of thelr baslc form (1st per s. sing. . ): 5. . - 1 (fre~) time.
. - . - . - . ( ). - go to the cinema (opera).
. - . - . - . 7. . - Don't worry about .
8. ? - : How are you?
. - ll . - .
9. . - ind regards to every-
4. Make the verbs ' " exerclse 3 Interrogatlve and " egatlve. body ! home.
10. . - isses (with love).

Antonyms
- -

EXERCJSES
1. Answer the folJowlng questlons :
1. Tfl.HR ? 2. ? .
? 4. ? 5. ?
. Wrile ]etter.
34 35

i
ORAMMAR
OF VERBS OF SECOND CONJUC,iATION
Speclal features 01 01 th e Verbs
of the Second ju gtl
Endings 1. endillgs fOT { 1st pers. sing. and the rd pers. plur.are ~,
- after cansonan t and after the vowe l - d - , - after , , Ilt .
Singular P lura] Examples: , , , , .....
2. digs -, -, - , - r pronoul1ced as )i , )\' and -,
. - , - I . - - when tutd.
2 . - 2 . - Examples:
3 . - 3 . - , -
- , _ ;
- ..., - ;
- , - 1..

Posive Inlerrogative Slress

Verbs 01 the second cOllj ugation ac.centuated eithe r the
Sing. 1 . last or some other sy llabIe.
2 . accent remai ns unch'anged in ll forms of . .
3 . tJ Examples:
P lur. 1 . ,", , , , , ;
, , , , , ;
2 .
, , , , , .
3 .

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Sing.
.......... ......
J
Negative

.
.......................

J N~ga tive l nte rrogative

1. Put the verbs '" brackets Jn the
:

() I( . -
coresponding SJ)

() .
.
and um

-
01

2 . () . - ( ) . - . Jl () . .
3 . lll . - (). - 1I 0 ( .). - (.)
. ..
Plur. J .
2 2. Look the verbs '" Ihe followlng senlences 'nthe 4Ici,onary:
. ~6
3 . H ~ -
. - . ....!... .
. - . . - .
.

ConJugale the verbs '" .
Si g. l . . Make the sentences .'" exerclse 2 negatlv,," ':tnd 'nt e rogative.
2 .
3 .

Plur. l .
2 .
3 .

36
37
 EXECISES

1. Answer the followJng questJons :

[
, ~8 ]. ? ? 2. ~
?
11. Te1l the text from ..., ... 10 the end.
111. FII\ In the bIanks with words from the ight~hd column:

.
~.

~ .

I ...

... 13.

...
...

... ?
?
.. .
~ .

f:TO .

,
.
,
'
,
I ... .

. fI . GRAMMAR

USES OF ARTICLE WITH NOUNS IN SINGULAR
.
.
Nus i ul gri not used with the indefinite
.
.articJe. have forms only for the definite articJe. TI1ere
.
specia! forms for the titree genders d the plural. Remember tl1at
masculine nouns l1 f 11 and s h r t f r m of the definite articIe.
definite article is not separate word as it is in English. It is
parti c le added to the .
Examples: - , ; - ; ~
- .
19.
. .
DfiJt Artlcle of Nouns i ( Slngular
.

Gender Definite article ExampJes

Masculine ( form -, - ,
short form -, - ,

Notes the !

1. . - sit at the table. .

2. . .. ... - translate fcom ... mto ...
Feminine................. " - ......... .. I

. . - across new word.

4. . - read aloud.
5. . - switch the radio .
Neuter
I -
I

. l1
definite article i s u s d in the following cases:
Antonyms 1. When the denotes dfiit object.
) object which seen both the speaker d the Hstener
- is the only of its kind visibIe ! th e time.

;38 39
 ,\ Example.'. tTO . .
.. . The follow ing us v r usd Witll article:
) object mtid at { mament 01 speaking or before it. 1. nouns.
Example : Examples:
.
~ .
. .
u. . t i n s: , , , , )
, , , j~
) object which is { only of its kind: , . .
, , etc.
Exaples:
.
.
I
I
'1. Names of months
Examples:
d days of the week.

,1.,
. pt' .
.
2. When { u rrsts whole cJa s s.
. mmI1 u s used as t j t I s.
Exaples:
Exaples:
( ) . .
( R) . ll 33..
. d~finite article i. s {,
U S d in { fol1owing cases : 4. nouns used f r t h m s of towns, ri vers~
1. When '! denotes J dfll1it object. streets, enterprises, institutes, newspapers and magaz ines.
Examplts: Examples:
5' (J< ). .
(kk ). " .
, J IIl .
. 2. f t r t h w r d s ealiH, , iii
, , ' , , , ~ .
" .
Examples: ~ ~ 3. .
. .. .
. t i n s: the nouns prMilH, , , cmxo~
. . .
.
Examples .-
J$:6 / .
rtMaM . . w II :
ll . .
W
.
5. Usually t i t I s of books. lJe","'spap~rs. articles, film s.
. After the verbs ,,'''''
.m.....
.
.
d ( Jmpersonal
. verb
Iorms d . Examples: " " , "", "" .
6. Nouns used in some phrase s as: ... ,
Examples:
... , . . . ; , ;
~acaTa . ., , , ". . , . ; ... ; m.m, ,
. , . . .
u (: . .
4. Usually after th e . ORAMMAR EXERCISES
Examples: 1. Use art!cles wllh the nouns ' brackets where necessary:
l' . ::; ( ), - ( ). -
. . () " . - (). - ()
. - (). - () . -

40
4!
(). - (). - (). - ()
. - (). - () . _.
.(). - (). - ( ). -
( ) I1Ma . - () . - () .
2. Make sentences u:Jlng the following nouns with the definlte article: . : .
.'I ?"
, , , , , , .
.
. FIII ' Ihe bIank$ with $u ltabIe com mon nouns:
... . - ... ". -
-<: . . - ... . - ... ". -
... ~" . . .
Example: .. ' . - .

Ila

Cn .

. : ~."

F
. -.
n.
~ ".

.
.
.

42 43
 I Examples:
.

2. S
kacaTa.

Parts the St

secondary parts of { simple sentence the object, Ihe

.

.
! adverbla! modifier and the attribute.
There two kinds of objects: direct 311d indirect.

I, direct object ( ~) is 1 answer 10 the

question (for persons) and , (for objects, things).
Examples:
. ( ?)
. . ( ?)

II t! i n d i r 1 j t (i' ll) is the answer 10 the

questiol1s , used with t'he preposition precedin g
the object.
Examples:
ll. ( '( ?)
19 . ( ?)
.
Jf the preposition is used the question either
. indirect object in this case is Dative object.
Examples:
. ( 6 ()') ?)
. ( () ?
The a d v r bial m d ifier ('l' ) is usually
the answer to the questions , , etc.
Examples:
. ( ?)
Q~AMMA~
19 . ( ?)

1. PARTS OF SIMPLE SENTENCE t t r ib u t () is the answer to the questions

(, , ).
parts of the simple sentence ; subject, predicate, object. Examples:
adverblal md and attribute.
w . ( ?)
, . ( ?)
1. ill Parts ! the Sentence
The principle parts of simpIe st are ' the subject and the
predicate.
I . WOR;D OROER OF SIMPLE SENTENCE
usual word order of simp!e sentence in ulgri is: subject.
subject ( ) is the swr to ' the question Ii ().
Examples: f predicate, object, adverbla! mdr.
Exaples:
8 ~. ( ?)
.
~PaK68CKH". ( ?)
.
. in sentence is calIed t h r d i t () . part of the sentence p!aced at the giig ! it.
predlcate agrees with the sub ject in perSOI1 and number. This depends mainly the logical stress.
45
44
.,,
 Examples: . Make scnteoces wlth the followlog nouns uslng them as dlrect objects:
. t, , jr, , , , , _
tl .
4. Use the followlflg verbs wlth adverbIal modiflers :
~ c~a .
, , jr, .
st vr g i n with { ili .
S. Make sentences uslng the followlng verbs wlth objects:
Examples:
, , , .
Correct: t\6 IIt'Jl 6. Arrange the followlng words 10 sentences:
Wron g: J:1nn-..'" j , , .
. , . -
- , , , , .
, , . - , , . -
- KaTJ>, ..

, . , , , . - , , BC!\l(a, , 66
If the attribute is adjective it stands before the word It, . - , ~AHtI, , , , 19 , . - -
which it qualifies. , , , , .
Examples;
.
.
If the attribute is prepo si tional , it stands after {
word which it qualifies. -1

Example: .

interrogalive I111S d adverbs , 8, , t<,mo,

, }. etc. stal1d t th begin n i ng of t n t .
Examples:

TOBtI? ? tl? '
,
~ ? ? ?

..

interrogative particle stands f t r t h w r d u I
which we ask. .
Examples :
.
I I ?
I I ?
j l ..,. ?
.
'-;;- I l jr ?
.
ORAMMAR EXERCISES .
.
1. ! questlons to every part 01 the following seotenccs: .
. - .
. - . - . . tl
. - " u. .
'1. thc brackets and put the predlcate '" agreemeot wlth the subject: - ?
() . - () . _ .
!! (jr) . - ( ) . - () - , ~
? - ( )? jr -1I. .

46 47
 Notes the Text
Remember
1. (:). - wait for tbe trolley-bus (the tI).
2. ... - ask 5.0. question.

Antonyms
... - ...
- ----
-
' masculine is used w i t h t h f u 1] f r m of the defjnite
- -
] if it is t h s u j t of sentence.
/
Addltional Vocabulary Examples:
.
, , , , , , . .
. . . . .
. . ~ . . .
( , ). . .

EXERCJSES masculine is used w i t h t h s h r t f r m of the definite

.lticle if it is not ttl e stI bj ect of sentence .
1. Answer the followlng questlons:
1. ? 2. ? .
Examples:
? 4. ? 5. .
? . 6 6 ? 7. ? .
.
11. Wrlte the conversatfon between the lecturer and the student.
.
111. Make senlences using the pairs ' antonyms. .
Note. definite ar ticles , ~, ~a rl1 u d as -!l ,
ORAMMAR - , -when accentuated. .
Examples: - \,, - , - .
USES OF DEFINITE ARlCLE WITH NOUNS OF MASCULINE
(jENDER IN SIN(jULAR
GRAMMAR EXERClSES
Masculi ne nOUllS the full definite articl es -, -
()r the sh ort definite articles -, -. 1. Use the masculine nouns in brackels wlth Ihe full short ' 01 the.
definite articles -, - used with the folJowing nou ns; definite art/cle:
) With nouns dig i - and - denoting persons.
( ) . - ( i.l.'J) . - .
Examples: , ;
( ). - () . - ( ) ( ). - ~ e
~ eKap - , .
()? - " () . - (Be cTIIK) II. ---::
) With 1 S ending in - denoting appliances and apparatuses. (). - ( ) . - () . - () ll .
Example: - , - ( ). - ( ).
.
2. Make sentences with Ihe rollowing nouns uslng them as subjects:
) Witb nouns dig in -.
, , , , , .
Examples: - , ; - , .
:. Make sentences wlth the following nouns uslng them as objects:
d) With the u s; - , ; l, , , n1Jm,
, , m, , . s), , , , , .
other nouns the definite articles -, -.
4. Make sentences wlth the lol1owl!lg nouns uslng them as adverblal
Examples: - , ; - , modlllers:
.
, , , , II.

48
49
 s. R~writ~ th~ following t~xt using th~ defJnite article wh~re v ~ r necessary :
.
Jl.

. ,
.
. .
. . ,
I:'I >h.eHa. .
, . . .
' . .
. .
. .
. 9
.
" . ii.

Notes the Text

1. () . - busy.

2. ( ) . - 011 duty.
,

. ( ) . - During the night (day).
1> 4. () . - tired.
, w 5. . - awarded for ! work.

Antonyms
-

Addltional Vo cabulary
, , , , , ;
, , , , , , ,
, , . , , , , .
... . tl ... . , il
. . . .

EXERCISES
1. Answer the followlng questlons:
1. <> II III<? 2. ?
. ? 4.
? 5. ? 6.
? 7. ?
? ? ?
() ? ? ?
11. FIJI in the bianks with words ( the r Jght-h d column :
~
... .
. ... fl.

. . . ...
. ii .. .
. .. .
.. . . . <t ... .
. ...

51


GRAMMAR 8

1. FEMININE NOUNS ENDIN(i IN CONSONANT

Some f mii 1S end in <1 COn5011ant, mil in -. .,

Exaples: , CTi:lPOCT, , , , , , ,
, etc.
7hese l definite atticJ e - .
Examples: , I .

Remember
_.. _-
J
,~

CTapo_c__'___~ ~~:_
? K ~ ?
11. MA SCULINE NQUNS ENDINO IN VQWEL
. .
SOllle lilsuli nQuns d in vowel,
Examples: :I , it, , , , , , l16.
, .
CommOJ1 U ~ o f thc ma scul i l1c gd r ending in vowel IJavc tlH~
definite articles -, -.
Exaples.' , , , .

OJtAMMAJt EXERCIS ES

1. Wrlte ' foll owinR' nOUn$ '" three columns accordi ng to their gender :
? !
;! , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , m~ , , ,
. ~' il.ll1
.

2. artlcles wlth the nouns in brackets:

( ). - (CYTPIIH) . - () . -
() . - ( ) . - () .
() . - () ' .

? ?
. .l.

53
52
 ? ?
. .
?
?
;'!.
.

?
? ""? ?

. .~ . .
.

EXERCISE

.'i=. Answer the followlng questlons:

1. ? - ? - ~ ? - ? -
? - ? - ? 2. )? .
? 4. ? 5. KJee ?
6. ? 7. ?

ORAMMAR

PREPOSITIONS DENOTINO PLACE AND MOTION

?
? In ulgi sitis placed f r t h n s.
.
. The DTepositions , , , , . , At, , -
denote either place or motion.
54
55
 Uses [ the Prepositions 8 and Denoting n 2. FiII in the bIanks. witb or 6:
Jl ... . - . .. . -
Pre-
posi- Examples
'. ... . - ... . -
Meanil1g Specia! cases ! . . . . - . .. . - ... ...
.
-- I
R
( ).
Denotes 10- The u after the
wards defil1ite place. preposition has de-
I
8 artic!e.
( ).
I,

DellOtes the i1 ! The IlO!) the I

( ). ihe motion withoui
( definil1g the place.
preposition has
definite article.

,I
).
. IJ.il ilK.
. .
Prepositions are never stressed. . .
"

GRAMMAR EXERCISES q' :

- ?
1. swr the following questions.: :
- , . .

-
, . .1?
r:
. ?
~ - . .1 . N~ 202.
.
NQtes the !

1. ... - I' sorry.

2. . - Everything is taken .
3. (I) . - AII right.
4. ? - Wlt is the price?
? ? 5. . - leva ight.

Antonyms

1
-

Addiiional VQcabulary
, () .1,
, , , .
L . . .
( , ).
? ? . ..
~~
: , , ( ), ,
" For convenicnce 01 ( Jearner( t\\osyllabIe r SllS are stressed 100.
, , , .

56
57
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES
EXERCISES
1. Answer the followlng questfons: 1. Ask questions to the verbs In fhe followlng sentences:
1. ? 2. ? 3.
~~ "- . -
? 4. ? 5.
. - . - .
? 6. ?
. - . -

I
11. Tell the conversatlon between the deskclerk and the foreigner.
. - .
111. Write composlllon nmIJ" zu.
.

GRAMMAR 2. Wrlte sentences uslng the followlng verbs:

, , , , , , ,
VERBS Of MOTION AND PREPOSITIONS WITH , , , , , .
- ..
I Prepo- Inter-
Verb rogative
sition Examples I

1

~~- --
.. _-
.
-~-II
----~ -----;

_ "_"
. '_....
.
I ._ _
1
.
.
~N.
3 .
7 . "
& . II- 'l
.
.
.
.
.
.

- . . (1),

(2), (3),
3 .
.n (4), .n


. (5), (6), (7),

(8).
.

.

.
xO.n
,
.

. . ,

. .

. T~

. .

3Jl

I

.
. .
.

.
59
 Notes lhe Text ---~---,---;:~

Special
1.
2.


.
-- T he flat is wel1 appointed.
... -- It consists of . ..
~n~e~1 Dfiit art ic:le ExampJes features
3. . -- entertain guests.
4. (, , ) . FetUinine 1 r -

Tlle has sou thern (northern, western, eastern) aspect.
--
5. ]! () . -- see patients. I
--
Antonyms Neute r -
. -- --
-- --
AdditlonaL Vocablllary Ad jectlves 01 masculine gender used ~s . t 1 r i u t s t t h
~ u j ec t v t]1 f u] 1. 10 r m ! the dflt artlcle; when they
..1ll , , . , , , ,
used attrib ut i ve]y w l th a no the r par t of the s t they
, Ill, .
have t h s h t f r 01 t!le defin ite article.
. . fl . .l , . -:.
Examples:
EXERCISES t .
.
1. Describe the Christo vs' t.
11. Answer the fllwlg questlons: .
'", ? ll ? J1]1 111 case 01 t W r r d j t i v s preced il1g , it i$
? : ? 6 fl? usually ] t h (; r s t n 1IIal is used with the definite artic]e.
? ? Exomples :
.
.
KOMII.l eKc ~ - R ,, ".__
... ". I
ORAMMAR
.
ADJECTIVES IN TI1E S INGULAR USED WITH DEFINITE ARlCLE ~: ii ll3 11
Whcn the adjec tivc stands before dtig definite object, Ila . ;..
it is the adjective and not the tllat i s u se d wi th tl}e GRAMMAR EXERCISES
definite a r tic l e.
1. CombIne th e adjtctives from thc right-hand column w/th Ihe nou ns 11.
Exaple: . . bold type from the l ft-hd l:
Th e Dejinite Article witk Adjectives . (6)
----~I~ I\ .
Gd I Definite ] Examp]es
Specia!
leatures . ()
il l1 .
-
. (K3Mellell)
fuH fo rm of the --
.
article (attributive
with the subject) - Adjectives ending in . ( )
!, Mascu!;ne consonant take
the vwl . belore
.
. (6.)
I - the definite artic!e "..1 .
short f 01 the -- . ()

I articJe (attribute to
anothe r ! of the I -l,.~
--
R il.

sentence) Example: . 1:1 . -

........... ....... ... .. . '"h R .
60
61
 2. Make sentences wlth the followi ng phrases usJng them as subjt:cts and :
objf:Cts: - i>- .
; ' llO . , . H a A- , 9
M~a ; ;; haA- .
.

Example: . - Notes the ext

. - . J. . - Teacher in Physics.
. Add second adlective to the fol lowlng word combinatlons use them 2. . - Give example.
10 sentences: . . - give example.
~ , 1I:IHpOK , , , ..l 4. ~ ( , , ). -
, , . . DUling the spring (the summer, the au tumn, the win1er).
'. Example: . - .
EXERCISE:
li .
Learn the text U3UQ heart.

OQAMMAQ
ADJEClVES. DEOREES Of COMPARISQN
Qualitative adjectives degrees of comparison. are three
!!! ;--I degrees 01 comparison : positiv e, c ompar at ive and s up e rl ative.

Positive degree , - -
Comparative degree - , -3 -
Superlative degree haA -, - -

Examples:
8.
- .
haA - .

Remember
- _ . _ - ------------; Instead of we use

- . in front
u t: -,
! noun with
.
position.

GRAAR EXERQS ES
- -
i. Wrlte the adjectives In brackets ' " the comparative or superlatJve degree:
( ) 9. - ( )

. - () . -
: ( ) , . - ( )
- - 8 -, . - () 8 . -
-, -, - - , () . - ( ) . - (8)
-, -. . . , . - Jl ( ) :t .

62

2. Mentlon three tall and three low objetts. Co~pae them.

. Answer the fol]owlng questlons:

-?

" .
:
? ? ?
: " . .
'.
, , , ,
>!< .
. ,
. .
, , ~. !

.

No!es !he !
Q..?,
1. ... - getting ready for ...
2. . - te1ephone.
. . - go foot.
4. . - play with ball.
5. . - take pictures (snapshots).
6. . - feel all right (wel1).
7. . - work with g reater energy.

EXERCISES
1. 1l the text according to the lllw!- plan:

1. .
.-..?
2. i'l .
. .

11. f ' the bIanks wJth s ultabIe words from the rlght.hand column:

...

... .
... ,l i! .
," ... .
.. . :.
'Je ...
... .
... .
...

65
64


( FUTURE ENSE)
Positive
-ltrr;~;i~~ --1
a"d

( particle /
is formed means of
placed before the verb forms.
of the

Sing.
--1I
Example: .

. g t i v f r m of is formed means of the
1I
Impersonal ., the particle and the forms of
. ( forms ! ( negative pa rticle plu s of Ihe Plur.

rarely used.)

Example : .
~
gressive Tenses.
corresponds to the glish Future and Future Prcr

I ;,

..r~~;~~~;~~~~~er~Ogative
Negative
Auxiliary Verb ,'''
---
- [_ _ Po, i!i"e - --.,- -- Interrogative Sir.g. :' .'111
'1 ( )
-----
Sig. ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

Plur.
Plur. ( ) ( .1)
( )
( ) ( )
.
( ) .. ( lI )
( )
..... ,
)l

~~~aHye . .

Negativelnterrogative ( )

Sing. ( ) I (
N t . The particle of the in terrogative f OfJn !
) stands after the .
( ) ..1 ( .1
Example: I 1.
)
The particle of tll itrrgtiv -gtiv form ot
( ) ( II
f t r .
stds
)
Exaple: 1 1I 1 .
Plur. 3 ( ) (

) ORAMMAR EXERCISES
( ) (
1. Put \l verbs from the followl"g text 1" :
) . . 8 .
( ) ( .
) r'. , , .
- -'--- - --~ - ---' . .

, 67
 2. Wrlle composltlon n .
. Wrlte the 'verbs in tlle fol low ~ng sentences in the interroga.tlve, negative
and negatlvelnterrogative forms 01 :
. -
. - iJ . -
. - " . -
.

-1
!
- 8
l~

ro
8 JIII "1
I{

tIl{ "{ ll .

HapoAlla Jl ( ) .
"1:t . - .
.
, , ,
.
11 " , , . ,
. <l <lII () . . 6ilQ
.. - . .
;~
..
( ).
(), - "-,
- ~
H eBCKH~ . KJlHMeHT .
, , .
, .
.
" ~ . --
. .
" -~.

Notes thc Text

1. il . - At the foot of (the mu t i) V itosha_
2. ,. - Rightly.

68
 EXERCISES
1. Answer the follow!i1g que<t!ons:
1. r iJ ? 2. ?
. r? 4. !<
? 5 . '! l? . -
?
11. scribe the capita l of country.

GRAMMAR
1. PLUR AL OF F EMI Ni NE NOIJNS
F1i I.i S f 1 tl1eir plu:als ! n 5 of t h d ing -

EndilJg Specia! cases

- .----N~~-ns -~~ding j~ -~- and- ---;
r r change their di gs into -.

-

Nouns dig i con so-

II t add the ending -.

Remembe!
Irre g ular plural s:
-
-
-

--

, N t . Most feminine nOLlnS ending in consonant ll

form.
Stress
accent of the sigulr forms remains u n changed in the
plural form s.
Example.- u - .

69-
 11. PLU~AL QF' POLYSYLLABIC J\1SULIN NOUNS
~oJysyllablc masc ulin:e nouns { their plurals d d .
d Ig
-- - from the last
. { { sjng u / r. In g the rp - syllabIe drops out.
-~--
Stress
dig il______F_o_'m_'I_io_n_____/
The accent of the polysylJabic masculine nouns
h n g d in the plu ral forms.
mjns

-r:he dig i5 added { the Example: -- .
- smguJar.
~ tis:
! digs -, -, - hg

mto -.

--
-

1-
J
'
"
---_.'- -~---
-

Exc eptions:
111. PROPER NOUNS CONSISTING OF ADJEClVES AND NOUNS
Some ms of o rganizations, institutes, ente rprises and states
consist of adjectives and us.
Examples: ,
- "' , ,
- , .
' sentences these nouns r used with the definite articIe.
Reember
Examples:
1- I .
.

Changes ' " { PJurzJ Forms , Some suJi Nus Spelllng

D to th e Plura J Ending - Jn nouns consisting of adjectives and nouns I t h fis t
'word i s written with capita\ letter.
- _ Examples:

J
r _
3 .

- .
t : _ I
-------_. Such nouns usually wcitten w i t h i n i t i I s.
,


l.
-
-
-


r
-~e -- -
- __ -
,
(
" Examples:


-
-


(pronounced as ) .
(pronounced as ).
1 - __ -
1 j
'




-
-

~,
-
--


, from the Ja st
syJ]abIe drop !
I !
ORAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Write the nou"s '" br ackets ' " the plural :
(). - (~i).
(), ( ), (), (). -
., '. :.. (), (), (l. - (). -
: ( ). - () . -
70
71
 ( ).
(). -
- , ().
( ). -
-
().
, Additlonal Vocablary

, , u, ,
2. Make sentences usfng the plural forms ' the followi flg nouns: , . (
. . -
, , , , , t , ,
, , , . , , , , .'1lt . : ).

3. lY.ake senten(es with plu r al f or ms ofthe fo llowl ng (ompound nouns :

1' , , _ , , , . ,-
, u , _ Q II " .
, . _ ? ? v

_ . - l! ~ ~eM
" , n~c ..le ~ I1 ~
l " .

_ ~, _
,- - - -- -- -- - .

lt i
t GI~AMMAR

PLURAL Of MONOSVLLABIC MASCULINE NOUNS

Monosyllabic masculine nouns form their plurals mil 1 ns
. o f the e ,. d in g - (-).
t. --- - - - - - ---
, . ]] di g
Singular
.
- , . .
-

, , ,
. ,
. -
. ~ . -

. I1 peA .
, KPS , , .
. .
1. Other dlgs ' the Plural 01 sll
Mascullne Nus
Notes the Text
-
1. .. . - give the green Jight to . . . _
I1 -
- -
2. u . - cross the street. -
. , - direct the traffic. rOCT - - ,
4. // . - the left and to the right. - Rpan -
" 5. ... - . . , are displayed in the shop-
window.
n

-
-


-


_
- pora
_
I
I
-.-.
-
- - -

"
_ -

73-
72
 ORAMMAR EXER;CISES
ORAMMAR
1. Put the nOUn$ '" brackets '" thelr cOrrtspondlng plural forms:
NUJ"ERICAL FORM OF MASCULINE NOUNS (). - (). -
(). - (). -
Masculine nOUl1 S denoting j t 5 and i m ! s have specia! (eHrp) . - _
num e r ica ! form ( ) for t he lul. It is used ( ). - (). -
only numera!s d the words . . . () . - ~ ( ) . ? -
The endings of the numerical form s and . (). - 8 MtlOfO (). -
1. The dig - is used: ( ). - () . - 8
) with nouns ending in .;
(). - ( ) ? -
) with the f Jl wig nouns: , , , , , .
(). - ( 1.) .
Examples: , , I\Il, OibHSI.
Exaple: . (..,). (). -
2. The rest of the masculine nouns receive the ending -. . .
Examples: , , . 2. Make sentences uslng the followlng numbt rs and nouns:
8, 17, 7, 12, 10,24; , , :, , , .
Remember
-.-----~- ~ --~~ ---- -----.
I< . .
u t: u t:
. . t Jlll

"

!! FrI Numerical Fo r m
~aKa . .
? .
. .
rb . n . .
. Jl . , Sl.
ll . : ~ .
?- .
70 .
. . .
5' .
N t . vowels and from the la5t syl1abIe preserved in , , ,
the umricl lorm. .
Exaples: , . .
t i n s: - , - , , ll. ~
, .
- . 1 _ ; 2 - I<.1; 3 - u;
4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - " ;
1 - io 1.
Note. The numericalform is never used with the definitc ; 8 - ; 9 - ; ]0 - .
article. lI ; 11 - ; 12 - ; 13 -

; 14 -ml; 15 - ; 16-
; ]8 - II; . T~ ll
Stress 1/0 "1; 17 -
i9 - n.ijf; 2Q - .
fil syl1abIe of { numerical form i s. vr t u t d.
77
76
 Notes the ext Special Forms
-
1. . - take part in competition.
-
2. . look Witl1 admira!io!1.


Antonys

- ~l.
Neuter Nouns wi th DoubIe Pl ural Forms

{



EXERCISES

1. ll the text according to the following plan: {
1. .
2. .
{


. .
. { (trees)
11. Descr ibe someone you know. (firewood)

Stress
GRA MJIIAR
Neuter nouns don't change the i r stress 'in the plural.
1. PLURAL OF NEUTER NOUNS Exaples: - ; - .
Neuter nouns form their plurals means of the endings Nouns ending in - - shift usually their stress t t h 1 s t
-, - , - , -, -
added ' the stem. syl JabIe.
Examples; Te.~a; - .

--SigUlr --I- "-' Plural IEndi~gT- --;:rmatio~---l

,I ---.--------jl---'-.---I -, _~~ I
11. PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
I No"ns ,nding in plural of adjectives is forrned means of the endin g
- - have the ending -a - for the three genders.
in the plural. ---- - - -- -_.
---- ---

-
Nouns ending in - have Singular Plural I
the ending - in the plural. .- PJural
rnasc., fern. enping




-
NUfJSdigi-
ending -
have the
in the plural.
masculine
I feminine
I
neuter
I
and neuter

The re st of the l1 S
- dir' g in - in Ihe singular
Iv plura! ending -.

smal1 number of nouns -

-
form the pluralin this way.

CTpOet-1 ,

78 79
 OR:AMMAR: EXER:CISES

1. the plural of _ nouns in brackets:
( ) ( ). - 8_
(). - (). -

,' (). - () . -

( ). - ( ). -
(.) - (). -
( ). - (). -
(). - (). -
() . - ( ).
: , ",
2. Wrlle th e plural forms 01 tbe followlng nouns: .

, , , , , , .
. Wrlte the slngular forms 01 the following nouns:
, , l, , f. .
Q..
4. Pfck out all adjectlves rrom the text 'l and wrlte their lorms for
the mascullne gender. singular. . ,
5. Put the adjectives '" brackets '" agreement wlth the nouns '" the .
following sentences:
() . - () . - .
() . - () () .
. - () . - ( ) . -
() . - () .
.,
6. Pick out nouns from the followlng text and write them ' the slngular:
, ,
tJ , .
. . .
.
, ,


T - T<:I. II.
. . 11
. MII.1eB8
.
JI~fO

.
Jl .

3..
.
I(
.

81
 Addltlolta,l Vacabulary
.
ll . iE . " : , , , , ,
. !I, , , , OKTOMBP II , Il , .
. , , : .'!, , ,
, , , .
, , .
? . .,6.

EXERCISES
1. Describe the seasons in Bu lgarla.
Noi es Ofl the 11. Describe the seasons ' " you r counlry.
111. Answer th e follow ing questlons:
1. . - su n shines. 1. MeCeQIITe lta ? 2. lI ?
2. . - The s u \\'1 S the earth. . Allec ? 4. Bpe )~e l' ?
. . - The weather is hot. '. Make sentences wlth the fo11owin g verbs: .;
4. ,. - gather the crops. , , , .
5. (). - h fie1d resounds \vith their s g .
. Write s ultabIe ! 10 thc followlng nouns:
6. . . - It rail1s. It snowl'.
7. . - go to schooJ. , , , .
8. . - g o skiing. VI. Find s ultabIe adjecllves ' the following IIOUn S and make senlences
wilh them :
, <t, , , , , Bpe)le.
Syno"yms
.'I - <l),! GRAMMAR
-
1. USES Of DEFINITE ARTICLE WITH NOUNS IN RL
- lI JJ
definite arHele of pluraJ u s depend s their endings
{ { plu r al form s.
Plural endings ID artiCI~,- Examples
1 JS 22
""
'-
1- -- -
8' 2 9 1. )23 ~I '
- I -

- I
J !t'p e - -
3 JO 17 21
-
4 11 25

., " 2ti

". '"
12

.
6 20 27 - I -

-


7 1-1 21 2' - f -

.82 83
 Nouns denoting definite object take tlJe d f i it artic!e in the plu ral. Example: . - ~a .
Examples : 5. Add another adJectlve to each word combInatlon in exercise 4. Mak ~ the
word combInations plural ar.d use th em In sentences.
.
Example: illl. -
.
. .
6. Make the fol lowing sentences plural :
Plural us ls t1sed with the definite ariicle when t hey dellote
-, -, -i. ,
\\' hoJe class of object s.
!\ - -, , -.
Examples : -, .'1 ,
( ) .
.
( ) .'I .
dfiit article is not used with nouns preceded ., .KiIAKO.

Example :

[[ .
"
' ut: 10TI .

11. USES Of DEfINJTE lL WIH ADJECTIVES IN LUL

T he dfiit article fo r adjectives in tJJe pJural i5 - fO I ttle tl

gCIJders : suli, f ill i <J nd neuter.
Examples: ~.'[I{ - J11 . - v..1I,
lI .

EXERCJSES
1. Use Ihe defi"lle arJJcle with th e noun s in brackets if necessa ry:
(Pa ~leHe) fl ~ , () . - II !! Jl.3[ !! lJ.5!! 00!t'
( ) . - (J1) ( ) ffll . - ;} tI(

(). - ( ) fl . - ( ). -
() If. - ( ) ( ). -
() (). - () ( ). - () q
I! lI. - 6 ( II) R 1 .
Examplc: ( ) 9 ti. - Pa:-'I(' HiJ
.
2. Make the lollowing senlenct s plura l :
lJ. - ' .'1 . -
}[ . - II . - ,;lf> .
:1 . - .
Example: 6 . - 6 .
3. o dd adJectIve$ to the nouns '" bold t ype: CTt:HeH UI' II.1 " 1I! 3&tIIll(
. - .~ . -
rl f . -
. - 1,6 II . - 6 ~

Example: II. - . J1/l J[ : II, ,
4. Make sentences uslng the followlng word combinations in the lr plural .
for ms: . u
, ,lO , , ; 6 . KP-JI, J1 .
IiJ]. , .
Q..:. 6 :.

8< 85
 - l!u ? - . EXERCISES
- ~ . li, I\.
- - , _ II ceK~' H- 1. Answer the following questlons: . .
AapHIIK. .'1I\ ? 1 ? 2.Ii ?
- . illl ? HaB~BaTe ~II ~ ? . .l
I. flOAa na 113 IIII ? ? . Q()
JI : ? - ?
- , I\ J1 . . 11 . ReteH Ihe ron versation belween the and the watrhmaker.
?
111. FIII in Ihe bIanks with sultabt~ verbs : "
- H ~ . .
- lII l\. . llk- 8.1 . .
? ' II. ~ -
- .
...
11 '
.
',
vl ".. . . . . ., ....

. . .. lJ ... -
. '? AeHIITe .

(9".
-' i.:.:i li.1
IV. Il 'l~?

.' , , ,
; .
II
..
.
( ).
,
. ,' .... .,. -1
.. , ,- .,'
4 1'> i
..~
( ). (
, R).
ORAMMAR
NUMERAlS
Remember
- - _._-_._-- - - - - - There are t~' o kinds of nu merals : c ardin a l num e r al s and
Qrdina1 n ttmeral s.
'L_ _ _ ?_ - - - -
- n .
.
?
- . 1. CardlnaJ Numerats
1 ) () .
Notes tke ! 2 40 (.)
3 50
1. ? - What make is this wtch? 4 60 ( h)
2. . - faulty watch. 5 70
3. () . - \\'atch goes well. 6 80
4. . - watch is fa 51 . 7 90
5. . - watch is slow. 8 100
6. l\ . - leave the watch 10 9 10 1
repaired.
10
Additlonal Vocablary 11 ( li)
12 ( )
, , , ( ), .
. Caepl\aM .
(). . . .
20 '~a~ec'eT' (~~~~) ' . 121 ( )
21 ( )
.

86 87
 200 10 11 Card i nal N Ulr l. s di l Nume c al s
( ) for Ob j ects { Persons
400
500 102 1 ( ) ~ ,1l0Ausa. ~ .
600 'l.u. !:1 apyzapu.
700 . num u.
800 2000 u. mu.
900
]000


. . . . . . . . uui . .1l'.
1 ()() 11 u
1001 2 lt . .

3. Uses wlth Ihe Deflnfle Artlcle

Cacdinal numecals r a nswer { the question . They do
01 change fh ei r number gender. The definite aeticle foe cardinal numerals ending in - is -; ll
Examples : o ther cardina! nUnlerals have the definite article -.
6 ~ masr. Examples:

{
I<

II

-
- ' .
neut .







uml s and exceptions.

The numeeal changes in gendec and number.
Exaples:
The numeral eaint takes articles in the s way as adjectives.
s uJi Femini n e Neuter l Uf I Examples :
6
.
~ l< I< .
{
l< . l<
The numeral changes in gender. .
Examples: ll l< . l< ,
.
F emini n e d Neuter . , - .
. I< , .

{

!"IJe ~ I<.

Wllell 3 IlUltlcral co nsists 01 sevecal figu res ( compound tlm rl)

l art ic~ e is added onl }' to the la s t f i g ure.
2. Cardinal Numera fs for Persons of MascuJlne Oender
Exaples:
Ca rdinal numerals 110 to m have s pe c ial { f or
r s 0 11 S f m s u I i n g n d : , .u, 'Iemupli.lta, n ll . -
m., llleClll.flo. l< .

Compound cardinaJ l1t1 merals whose last fig ure is fr { Il . -

cTalla II\).
special fo rm for masc uline gelJder w h n d 11 t i n g s 11 S.
Exaple: , lI 3I1 .

89
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES
t. Write the following numbers in words:
6,1 1,16, , 50, 63,150,178,340,372.
2. Answer the followlng questlons:
? - 6 il?
? - ?
? -
? - ?

. Wrile the numbers in the fo11owlng sentences '" words:

1. , 1 1 il . - 2
, 2 11 2 . - 4
. - 4 . - 2 .
3453 .

4. Use the numerals wlth arllclel where necessary:

r, IIlI. 110
il. - 1, . , - .
. , I.
" ll. . ,
- . -
. -
.
123 . 123
~
. - 12 ~. ~
J;' 12 . - : , , i!
, , .

=: :

m/.- .
.
i
; .

JJ.r. .1

~ ~ .
.
. -
.
llt:~ !:: .
.il ' naJ t ,
" .
. I .
 4. .
.
.
.
.
.

.,

Notes the Tcxt

'. . - three sto rey bu ilding.
2. ( ). - play is . i : )'
. . - three ! l. _ f .H.'~
4. . - leave ontls' I,:oat il1 the
cloak-room.
5. . ( .) - curtain goes up.
( curtain drops.)
. .n . - """atch with g reat interest.
7. JI: 1I~ . - : take curtain .
8. Dll' l' lll CII . - discuss one's irssis .

ddnl Vocabulary
, , , .10, ,
() , , , , , , ll ,.
, . '
. sJ .

EXERCiSES
1
1. Answer the followlng quest!ons: .
1. ? 2.
? . ? 4.
? 5. ?

11. FIII i the bIanks wfth sultabIe verb:

... . - ... . -
.. . . - ...
. - ... . -
... . -
....

91
 OI~
1. Uses wlth the Dlt Article
ORDINAL NUMERALS
r d i! um r ]s . r used wit h r t ic l s like adjectives.
, ,
-, -, -
Examples:
- , -, - .

-', -, -
.


-',
- ,
-,

-,
-

-
.
~


-', -, -
",
8 .

",
-',
'0,
'0,
-"-11 The artic le is added only { { last figure of compound ord inal

-', -, ' numera!s.


--',', '0,
-,
-

'
Example :

.





-', ' 0, -
N I . Ordinal numeraJs
a rticJe.
used wi th and wilholll { dcfinile

-', -,
-" Example .-


-',
- ,
- ,

-,
-11
-
II .
ll .
- , - , -


-',
",
-,

'0,
-

- 2. Ord inal Numera ls and Prepositlons Used with Dates

", -, -11
-, -, - Dates used ..... tlle prepositions , 8, .

. .........

-', -, -11 1. Ttle preposition is u5ed io the following cases:
) When the wholc date is i dictd:

-', -, -11
Example:
rdi l numerals the s wr to the q usti " ( ). l 6 1849 (6. 1. ]849 .).
AIJ di l numerals u t t h f i r s t f u r r formed fro m '
. rdi l u m rls means of the su ffi x ~ H. ) W ll ol11 y tlle day lld mOllt h r i d i l d:
Only { Jast fi g ure of ud ordina l l has { Example.- ' 6 .
fo rm of rd i l 1 u r]. .
Ordina! n ume ra]s stand b e f o r e nouns and a~ree w ith t h ) When only tlle day is i di t d:
J n gCl1de r a l1d like d j tivs. - Example .- i\:'.!a:',le ' 21 .
Examl!les.- i1 3 1 1~ 3 2. The preposilioll is used:
n~T. - . ll :t . _ ) When ! the yea r is il1d i td. prepositiol1 /J 1 50
~ . - - used :
Q.'t . - !! .
m'.- il I
, 1849 .
rdi] u r] s the same stress as thei respective rdi /
num erals. ) When onl}' t he lIlonth is indicated :
Examples.- - , - . Example .- I I .

t i s: , , , , !! . II .
N t . When ind icating dates ordinal um rls ar ~ not used WI
th ~ d fiit article.
92
93
 GRAMMAR EXERCISES _ , it lt -
. tTO, .
1. Writf; th e ordina\ numf;rals ' thf; follow/ng sf;ntf;ncf;S in words : _ ?
111 . - - I::TO .
IV . - ', IJI, :
XLVII, V ) . - V _ ( .
. - ) . - :
II . - ?
IV . .
2. Writf; the ordlna\ numerals in words a nd use thf; m with articlf;S: ~ ?
6 . .
I . - 1II u _ U ? ?
. - 1 . - _ u .
tl . - IV . - 111 :
-. - I .~ _ , .
. - II lI " :
" . _ , t! lI .
3. Answf;r thf; fOllowlng questions usl ng ordinal numerals: .

() ( , )! - .
? - OJi? -
? ~ ( ) _ CeA,'IfIHU!Ta ? Notes the '
?
1. i'l ? - J-I you go! 311yttlitlg
4. FIII ' the bIanks wLth suitabIe pre posltions:
dutabIe?
. - . . . 1909 . 2. , - ! licence. .
... ] 940 , - 3. . - Personal l g gs.
. .. 9 cenTeMBpII 1944 . - ... 16. 4. . - Used things.
5. Add ordinal !$ to the followlng nouns and USf; them in sentenCf;S: 5. . - smuggle. .
6. . - . hundred clgarettes.
, , , t , anapTaMetl, ,
7. . - Everything is all right (in orde r).
.'1 0 , , .
8. . - Please.

. Antonyms

-
.
-
.
N>. AdditlO/lal Vocabulary
'. , , , BxOAlta
, ~. .
. . , U .
8.'1.
_ .
.
.
l EXERCISE
Answer thf; fo1Jow lng questlons:
: 1. ' ? 2. . 8
- ?
.., ,"I , ? f - ? 3. .'!?

95
 ... Ka~BO ~ ? 5.
: 6. ~ Jl ?
it ?
KOrq ?
, KO~ ? he possessive itrrgtiv u (, , )
? KO~ , ? . substituted with the prepositional form .
? ?
Examples:
? - ?
GRAMMAR ? - ?
1. INTERROGAlVE INUNS
11. TRANSIIVE AND INT~ANSITIVE VER:8S
I suli Feminine / Neuter -1 --;IUr~[- Verbs that iake direct object transitive verbs.

I-FO~ perso-n-s
, and objects
~--I'-- ~ --+I--"-o~. --,./I--- , -~-I- - - -
.! i
Examples:
.

F'~r objects I '

.
Verbs that
Examples:
t take direct object itrsitiv yerbs.

Only for I , I n.
persons i preposition + i .
! ' n .
N t . Transitive verbs also take indirect object.
Qu aJificaiive
._. i
I Examples:
Dtig I .

possession
I ' I .

Df'tig ... / " GRAMMAR EXERClSES

quantity
~~L-

Sllig

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ i 1. Ask questlons to the words In bold type:
. - .
. - . -
T~e itg ti.v prot1 ouns and 'I, are speHed \\:ith ~A { the .
msul .gender Sl.ngular; the lI form s . speJ]ed wit h -. 2. FiI1 in the bIal},!(s wlth interrogative pronouns:
. Th e . trrgtlv pronouns bsed i n d n d n t ] and ... ? - ...
a dJ ec tlval] y (Witll nouns). ? - ... ? - ...
? - ... ? - ... n ? - ...
Il1depend ent U s e Adjec t iv a l Us e ? - ...
? ?
?
? 3. Make interrogative sentences uslng the lollowing pronouns:
?
? . qaHTa ? - , - , - , , .
? ? 4. Make sentences us[ng the lollowlng words as objects:
interrogative u uS~d iddtl, for persons l, , , n, , ,
has the form for Ihe direct obJect d the fo rm preposltfon + , , .
fOT the indirect object. 5. Write the transltlve and Intransltlve verbs in two columns:
Examples : , , , , , , , n>
? , , , , , .
? 6. Make st s with the verbs from exercise 5.

96 97


.


, 11.
12.
13.
.
. -
.
--

keep wattn.
two hours.
-- times day.
1
Antonys

-
. . --
.
. . . : Addltlonal Vocabulary
. ? I
, : , , , ..
. , . .
? ?
I .
.
- .
.
- .
- , ? : )' II, .
- ~ , , .
- .
- ? 'l.
- .
- . . . -, - , .
, , , ..
. J1 .
, .
DJl 1 .
. ( ) ...
:
. . . . ..
- . . . io
. . .
.
~. , :
- , EXERCISES
. 1. Answer the followlng quesl lons :
, - .
- ? - M a ~ xa,.a. 1. ? 2. ?
. ? 4. ?"
. -
. . 11. vstl between dOt tor and hls patient.
- , .
111. Make sentences u s i g the followlng word s and ss i s :

. ~ .. . , , ., , ,.
Notes the Text , , AlteTa, . ,
, .

1. ... - in bed. I. FIII '" the bIanks using word s ' the r lght-hand column:
2. . - send fo r the doctor.
... .
3. ? -:- What is ( with )'ou?
... .
4. . - feverish.
. .. .
5. i? ( ). -- headactle.
. .. .
6. . - cold.

7. . - .
.. . .
8. . - I don't feel well.
. 9. (). -- sud 's lugs (to
mJ 's hea rt).
10. . - is tg dangerous.

98
 . sltl of the Short Forms 01 sl us In Sentence
.Examples:
. ). short form s 01 ( rsl rus are vr used at the
begmnmg of s t after rs. ' R. , .
.
Corr ec t: Wrg: ?

. Stress
.
short form s 01 the s l u s nev er stressed exce pt.
when preceded the negative partic le ,.
) Wh s t
gis with verb the ru stands im- Example : .
mediately the .
Examples : EXERCISES
J~_I .
I.!!f) II . 1. Put questions to th e persona\ , ' the followJng s!!ntences :
. - . -
) Whell st gis with some other word { ru stands ? - . - .
before tlle .
>!.
Exam,:les:
J T~ ? 2. Use the '\\ short ' , 01 _ persona\ pronouns instead 01 the
nouns in boJd t ype:
)M:rl . lI . - ~l. D.. -
. - 9 .
d) Used witll { short form of { u sta nds
' partic[e . . llr. - il l' . -- . -
Examples: u."< Alla peIHHKa. -
.
~~: .
3. brackets uslng the full s hort ', , the personal pronouns:
{
IT") .
(T ~). - () . -
) sllOrt form for tll D a]ways stds before "' short form (t e). - ( J ~).- ()?
fo r { Accusat ive. ( ) ( ) .? - ( ) ) . -
Examples: ( ).

: [ 6 j. - [! :. Example: (). - . .
IHa ~l. _ -
1 J .
<
4. Spf.'clal Uses 01 the sJ us
1 1. ' 8 .
1. object (direct and indirec t) expressed both { q ~a ( -
full and the short forms of the rs] used together.
Examples: I )

.
.
. .
2. object (direct d idir t) expressed bo th the u . ~ .
and ( short form of ( persona] pronoun used together. .1 . ;
, " 66-16-11 .
19.2
' 103
 . . . !\!\
. . ,
n : COMBINATION OF TWO VERBS LINI{ED WITtI tl PARTICLE
- , ? (COMPOUND PREDlCATE)
- , . .
? verbs n't6aJ(, , , are often linked with
. ? another verb means of the particle and form m n d
- , . r d i t ( ).
, , . Examples:
- J:io .
.
- . , ,
, .
. , .
? In comblnations of two verbs connected wHh the partic le the
.
- . first verb changes in person, number, tense and mood; the
. second verb remains always i r and agrees with the
- ? first in person a nd u.
- . .
- , , .
- .
Sing. 1 .
- .
2 .
3 .
No!es !he !
PJur. 1 .
1. . - ,'
ring . 2 .
2. . - two-stotinki coin. 3 .
3. . - dia! number. particJe is placed the fi r st verb in the inter-
4. . - The !ine is busy. rogative forms of I and ",.
5. (). - .
. . - ful tlle l. Examples,' JiI ? - J l -
7. ? - How are u getting with the ? -
lessons? impersonal verb form's , , li ( 6lioa)
8. ... - pleased with ... also form compound predicates with some other verb s of 1
9. ? - What is the news? particle .
Examples:
Additional Vocablary .
.
, ,
.
.
.
q: . .
. . . The impersona! verb-form d s t h ng in person and
J1 l<. , J1. umr.
Examples,'

Sing. 1 . { Plur. 1 . ,
2 . : 2 .

3 . 3 . (

104 105
,
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES EXEJtCISES

t. ConJuga'te the the lollowlng combInatlons '" the posltlve and nega~ 1. ll the stor y.
1ive lorms 01 "" : 11. Whlch words express the basic Idea 01 the story?
. - . Write composltlon tt ntt.
lk . - . - - IV. FiII in the bIanks wJth words fro m t he r ighthand coiumn:
. . ... 11
2. Conjugate t he followJng combInatlons '" the Interrogatl ve and ... .
gatlve fo rms of : ... .

. - . -
. .. .
...
.

. Form compou nd predicates with the fol1owlng verbs and use them in
.. .
sentences:
, , , .
GRAMMAR
COMPOUND SENTENCE. CONJUNCTIONS
The compound sentence represents :1 mti of iddt
I simple sentences (clauses).
llll ll


r Examples .-
.
t :1, .

i The
with
sill

sentences of compound sentence
witl10ut conjunct i on s.
joined together
. .
,
. ? 1. Clau ses Jolned wfthout ConjunctJons
. : .
, .
Example .-
, . i) ,
.. U . 1':: - ~ py~ l1[{ [lll , Successive actions
, - , , . ( , .
. ~
lI 2. Clauses Jolned wlth Conjunct lons

Notes the Text Example .-

. Simultaneous actions
1. . - friend i d is friend idd.
2. . - pretend to dead.

Antonyms
() - () -
I ,
. I
I
Successive

:' ions
-
ddnal Vocabulary / BeAH!tra
, , , , rrH, , , . J;I!IH [43 , CMP1-~ . .'_ Alternative s
: " , , , , , , , .

106 107
 . ake compouDd sentences uslag the 10110wfng words 8! stlbJects:
, , ; , ;
, , ; , .
Contrasted actions
.
4. Make compound senteaces usfng the followlng verbs:
, - , - ~ , ~

,
= j - , , - , , .
5lightly cantrasted actions
.

-
, .
Both actions are negated J1YMaa

Punctuatlon

The simple sentences of compound sente nce r s r t d
commas. . <i .
is never used before the conjunctions UAfi. .
Examples: .
, . .
J< . 11 .
rv r . .

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. FiII in the bIanks wlth suftabIe conjunctiom. and insert commas where
necessary: .
J< ... . - .
... . - 'l ... - .

. - J< . .. : , !
. - ... . .. . - 11 1< ; ! JJ
... . - ?
... ... . - : , . .

... . - . ' .
. .. . - ... : " , " -
. .
r q : .
2. Make compound sentences
joining together the pairs of simp le sen-
tences means 01 suitabIe conjunctions: . .
: ,
. .
. - . : !
. - . . raPKO, ?
. - . . - MOM~ J< : . . ,
J<~ . . - . ' , ? ~ ?
. . - . . - : , !
. . - . .
. - . H~ .1 ; , ?
. - . 11 .
.
,
]09
]08
 Notes _ the Text 3. Root and .
-." "
1. ~ . - gather in groups. Exaples: I f : , I l .
2. . - ' ply .: with questions.
3. . - the first day. 4. Root only:
4. , . (Proverb) - who learns wi]l
succeed. Examples .. I l, IYMI, I<1
5. . " - That depends . ,' .. Words that neither prefix . suffix are called
6. J;I . . . . - p]eased with . . . . primary ( ).
7. 8 .... -We got ]ots of things 10 l]] . Exaples: , , , , , , .
New words are formed from primary ,~ ,?f :! ~
Synonys and suffixes.
- Exaples: - , - , - .
- Words formed 01 and r called d r i
t i v s ( ).
EXERCISES Words formed the m ! called cognate \vord s
1. Learn the dialogue heart. ( ).
11. Write compositlon ~tJUllm 'lj djH. Exaples: , , , , .

<JRAMMAR 1. Spelllng of Preflxes

1. WORD STRUCTURE
prefixes -, 6, -, 8'03- written Witll .
i parts 01 word r: stem and ending. Exaples: , , , .
Parts of the stem: prelix, r o ot, s uffix. preiixes , are written with .
Exaples: , .
S t Ending prefixes -, - written with , .
,

Examples: , , , .
Prefi x Root Suffix prefixes 06-, 8 r written with ,
- - +--~-
Exaples: , Jl.
- - -

' -
11. COMPOUND WOROS
<
' -- -, Words sistig ! two roots of two stems called m
-
--
pound words ( )
-
Exaples: , , , ,
- -- -
, .

The stem consist of: GRAMMAR EXER:CISES

1. Prefix, rool and su.
1. FiII 'n the bIanks with the missln&" letters:
Exaples: ' l , j. ,. ... , ..., ... , ..., .
2. Wrlte ' words wlth prefixes and Ilve witb suffixes.
2. Prefix and rool.
. Write cognate words for:
Exaples: l l. l l.
, , , , , .

110 ln
 forms
4. Flnd the f011owln, words In the dletlonary .nd st.te what thelr stem
:

, , , rrb, .
5. Form eompound words ' :
/; /; /; /; /; / .
,
-
Synonyms


-
Examples: / - .
6. Wrlte sentenees wlth the word, ' /' S. n Vocabulary
, , , , ,
, , .
l!
.

", s"l IS
"l 06COlIenC8eHO
. _ q
Answer the followln g questlons:
06ORn ",
1. q? 2.
? . ? 4.
? 5.. ?
. ?

.
.
ORAMMAR
- 6 - . _
. 1. COMPLEX SENTENCE
. , .
, . The complex sentence consists of m i n I u s and n r
. more than subordinate c lau ses.
- . : h m i n I u s (~ ~q) is independent simple
- tTO II. TjrK, , st in the structure of the complex selltence.
. The s ubordi nat e clause ( ) i:!J simple
, ll sentence which Quis some part of the main clause.
:
Example:
, , 3.1 ,
-
. TjrK , .
, ? (; clause) ($ubo rdina lc elau$c)
, . .
- J::x, ! - . - 11. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE. CONJUNCTIONS
. ~l, .
adverbial clause Quis usually the predicate of the main clause
. .
and is introduced subordinating adverbial ju tis.
EIII!H .'
Exaples:

Notes the !
,
1. ". - :
Jook after s.o. The of the subordina
. ( ?)
2. ~ . -
is work to done. te clause takes place before
. II ~ . - There is nothing to done. the of the main clause.
4. . - sorry.

112

I 113
 3. Complete the followlng sentences :
,
= , .. . - " ' , ... -
. ( ?)
I , ... - .1I , ... ,
, , 4. Ans,... er tbe qt:estJons I!sing { sen(ences '" , brackets as adverb~
. clauses:
( ?) ? ( 8 .)
? (tJ .) -
,
? (II .) -
' .
? ( .)
. ( ?)
5. Form l se ntences Wltll (1: pa l r~ 01 simpl e sen tences jolnlng them
6, .1I
. ( r togetbe r means 01 dlffert nl adverbIal conju nctions :
. ?) --- . .
. (' .
N t . After the jutis and fu turity is exp ressed . .
means of no .
. .
Example: H RMa , l,) lI . 'l .
(instead of: ). I! }( }( . .
. .
s ltl of the Adverbial Clause Example:
,' lI . .
adverbial clause stands usually f t r t h m i n J u s and
, .
sometimes before . It is rarely inserted between the parts of the mi
cJause. , .
, .
Adverbia! clauses giig with { conjunction 1w 50
s tand alte r tb e mai n c l a u s e.

Punctuatlon
Adverbia! cJa uses are separated from the main c]a~s~ commas.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Underline the subordlnat'ng adverb/al conJunctlons:
Jl~ Jl( tl , . _
~,, . _ ,
.ll , . _ t:
, . -
. ' , , ~ l1 .
2. / the palrs , se ntences means ' { fol low'ng conjunctlons_ I! .
Kozdmo, Kwimo, (), :
. : II
II~ 8 . ll. - . 'J. ,
. , n. - . , , ., , ,J .
. ~Ma 60 I! . - . II, Q6I J '. .
. Jl . - . . _ : - ll .
f'n . . . ll <J
Example: lt 'IYBa~ . . . , .
, . , .

115
 : . Examples:
. w . Im perfective Aspect Perfect iv e As p ect
: t,

. ,

n.


Notes ' !

1. n n. - leave school.

2. . - choose one's rfssi.
3. . - Si childhood.

Antonyms
) Verbs of imperfe ctive aspect sho ,v the i[l its
- gress without includ ing the resuIt.
) Verbs of perfectiv~ aspect show that theaclion is bro ught
ddnl Vocabulary to completion alld the result tludd.
Examples:
, n,
, , .
. OJl .:.
. .
I Imperfective aspect
1- Perfective aspect

( , ... ). .
I~ ess is laid the duration Stress is laid the result
of the action
of the
EXERCISES - - - --
, ,
1. Answer the follow /ng questlons;
n, Il. , . J.
1. ? 2. , - - .
, - ? . ? .
? ~
I . . .
11. Add sultabIe adJectlves to the followlng nouns: ".

, , ..1, , , .
2. Structure of the Verbs of Periective d Imper(ect!ve Aspect
TIJe verbs of perfec tiveand imperfective asp~ct are . i m (with-
ORAMMAR out pre fix es) and d r i v t j v (with prefixes and su ff.lx es). .
) Mo s t of { primary ve r bs are of Im perfectlve
ASPECT OF VERB
aspect.
1. Perfectlve and Imperfective Aspect 01 ( Examples: ,
;ru'
, , , , , , J .. , , ,
,
In Bulgarian every verbal action expressed i two ways: , , . . .
byaverb of perfective a spect dv of imperf ecti ve About f i fty p r imary verbs ! pe rf ec tlv e asp e ct.
a spect.
Examples:
, , , , , n, , , , .

117
116
 ) lf. verb has tWQ forms - with d withou t prefix _ t h r: After n.Q.Al, nitQ, ver~s f i m r 1 t i-
fotm wlth the pr ~f ix is 01 th e perfective aspect. as p ec t are used.
Examples : Examples:
- 3n'!6 .
- . .
f ) If . , has two fo rms - with and without suffix _ t h .
wlth ( s uf'ix is 01 impe cf ective aspec t.
Examp/es:
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
-
- 1. Write the verbs of perfectJve and Irnperfective as pect '" two separa te
- 'l. <olumns:
- , - , - , - 3II, II -
3. I;! 01 the Verbs of PerIectlve , - n , j) - , - .
d Imperfectlve Aspect
2. Fi11 in the bIanks ehooslng Ir om the , in braekels:
) Verbs of impe rf ective aspe ct u rstr i td 1 ... . ... , ...
u 5 01 .
(, ).
) Verbs 01 pe r fective a s pe ct restricted u se 01 . ... ... (.
~. . '" ( used only wilh su botdil1ate .).
auses mtroduced th e conjunctiol1S .... ... . ...
, m. " , , um,
(r l , ).
. . . . ... ( , )?
Imperlective aspect Perfective aspec t Jl ... . ... (, ).
... . ... (, ).
1,-------U~~':S"t",i~,~t:d~u~s=-~f----~------~R~-s~t'~i~,t~~d~u~s~~f~-"----- ... . ... (-
, ). .
1 ~::~----'---~~-~~~=:~------~-------~'~:~~~~~e~"~e" _______ . ... . ...
- .! (, ).
. .. . thc brackel$ and make the Imper leetlve s perfeellve where
IR " "

"
,
neeessary:
, . .
i
. , - bl1

.
() . ()?
.
. . (
I :n:bl - ,
lIln) . () . ( )
, Q3 . () 1}
. .

I
I

.
-
, :~ ) - ,
r ().
()
) .
!J, .

__ -:~~~~__~__"-~______-1________:~~~~~~~~~"__________J 4. Answer the followlng questlons uslng the lmpe rfectlve a nd perfective
aspect 01 th e followlng verbs: 'tema, jt'ta, n d, ,., ..
N t . After th e mentioned ju ti verbs of imperfective
a$pect also used to, / sttess the ti. ) . ?
Examples: ) It ?
~oa , . 5. Use the verbs tW'.t.,

,,., ni(},. ' verb combInaffons
Jl: . and form sentenees wlth Ihem.

118"
!
{


ClI

. 38
n.
, 4.
5.
l

-
Look!
... - Let us . .. . .
. ? - How much 15 It?
7. . - add uP . (the prices).
8. . _ There I!I ugh money (l've got enough

money).
ddnl Vocabulary

r ', , , , ,
, , , 6 , .
r . ( , . , , , :
, 3) . , , .
. (), . n.
J< , , , . ,:, : , , , ll.
aJo: : , , , , , "" .
, . , , lt, .
.
EXERC1SES
- , , . 1. Descrlbe grocer's s hop.
J
11. Write dlalogue bctween shop-asslstant and customer in dcllc8'
J( . l<3 .
tessen sllOp (at the grocer's).
- , ? - .
- ~TO .
- w ? GRAMMAR
- . u
. 1. Numerals. FractlOnS
. . (}
. (} In Bulgarian fractions are written with cardinal and ordina! numerals.
. ? cardina J numerals stand for th.e numerator and t b e
__ . 1,35 . Cera or dina! num e r als stand for the d ml tr.
.
Exa.ples:
1 n.
0,24 . 1/2 - (, ) .
+ 1,05 n. 1/ _ ( , t)
1,00 Jl. 1/: _ ()
1,.15 . 2/ -
6/ 6 - II
4,64
3/8 -
. 9/ 10
- ~ , ? 12/ 26 _ DUll
- . . 4,64 ( 99/100-
lIeBa . ). 3,.16 ( lIeBa
). .
2. Decimal FractlOnS
Notes the Te.xt 0,5 -
1.
2.
3.
(

'l' . -
N'l3). - get (take)
. - shop is fu ll of goods.
With i t rst (wit b curiosity).
the numbe r 3 tcam.
t 502 -
3:004 -
121
120
!
 3. Substantfvised Numerals 2. Replace the word s ' brack"ets substantivlsed nulntfal.s: '
( ! 4). - U ll
() " (~ !! 1). - .
( ) 70 () (). - C'l () (~
() (), () . - ()
()
IJ .
() ()
. Qlve the lorms 01 approIlmate numb ers , the fol1owing numerals: 3, 5,
( )
()
7, 9, 10, , 50.

. The substantlvised numera]s u d r used

:m ] to denote m .

4. Adjectlval Numerals ,

rJlarOJlH
ll




,
5. Numerals 01 Approxlmate Number
,
Numet~l~ ?I rimt number formed in two ways: t\a . .
) JIlg logetller two catdinal numerals w j t h u t conjun ctions. 11 - .
.
Examples :
lI .
. 3
N
:1 ( )
- - lleeM t!n. . .
. - ,
) m ea ns 01 th e sulfix N (used l um rl s denoting
II .
1ens and scores). . nl\II

Examples:

I1I1


FORMATION OF VERBS OF PERFEClVE ASPECT

QRAMMAR EXERCISES Verbs ! perlective aspect lormed from verbs 01 imperlec tive
1. Solve the problems an:t , whlch rules 01 arlthmetlc are applied: .aspect in two ways: m eans 01 prf'fixe s tlle suffix NHa.
) 360 .
- ? . 1. Formatlon of Verbs ot Perfect.lve Aspect
. ) E~H 1l . Means. 01 Prefixes
?
) !d 1032 ~ . 547 In forming verbs 01 perfective aspec t means 01 prefixes the lollow
, . ing cases l observed:
n?

123
 ) prelix hg s th e lexical mig of th e ) prefixes -, -, - do not change the ba sic
ve r b. m i g ! s o me verb s.

Impertectivel Perfective aspect

aspect . Imperfective aspect \ Perfective aspect
.
. .
. .
.
~.
.

. .
.
2. frntl 01 Verbs 01 Perfectlve Aspect Means of the
8 Sulflx -

.
.
suffix - gives new shades to the ~ig ~f. the. verb,
,
.
1_ _ _ - - - ' -_ _ _- - ' - - -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -----'
j i. . it shows giig of the , mmtr actlOn d d l mutlvss
of t he .

I
- - - - -
) prefix renders new sha de s of mig s to ig
Impe rfec tive aspect Perlective aspect
the . of the
su
I p~e 1
-

Meaqing . of the ~mperfect- I I .

flX r fi reflx Ilve aspect Perfective aspect
giig I
.

of the - 1 .
- De:O-ts giig , t'
of the action - "
.
6 .

.

"'[.~O.~.~.~~~:::~~;~~;~~~~:~~~~~:~~.~.

. .
.

.
...................... .. .. .... .. ..
- Dt s trmiti
....... .... . ..... .... .. .... .... .. .. .......... ..... -. .................................. ........... .
of the action .

.

Momentary
. .
. action
I .... ..... .................. .... ... ........
D~~~t~s absolute
-
completion of the
" .
. ,:
. .

.....
ti .
, Diminutive- . n
_ J ness ! {


?

N t . fllwig verbs with the suf!ix - r of imper fective

.aspect: . (), nx. .. ZUHa. ., ...

124 125
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES . - . - i!l ";
1. fo rm vffbs , I=~f'~ ctlve asp~ c t ~s , preflx~ s denotlng b~gl~lIinf.. . . \
termlna tlon and absolute comp'~tlon of th ~ actlon rrom the 'ol1owlag verbs: " . " ,
. I . .
, , , , Jl , . r,
I . ~ ~:
Use them '" sentences. , ..
2. Rfplace tl:e word ( n ",Af verbs wJth the preflx - . , .~
' the followlng t~xt : . . ' , . ~ .
~ Jl . . 1 .
. . . . ? . :
. 1 . . ~ .,. -
E ,<ample: j ~ . ! ~aeMa'
JI . - . . . ~~~ ..
: ~ _
. FI1l '" the bfanks chooslng from the verbs '" brackets:
."
... . .
... (, ). - ... . ... .
(, ).- .. . ll . ... ?"
(, ). -
,
.no ... . lIe
. .. ( , ).
, Notes the :Text
4. Underline the perfectlve verbs wlth
wlth two lines :
Ilne and the Imperfectlve verbs. '. 1. . -
2. - .
Let him smoke cigarette.
- No sooner said than done.
. . - walk aimlessly.
, , , MPbll'l3, , .
4. . - I bewilderment.
Use them ' " sentences. 5. . - bu rst illto laughter.
. OCTi!la. - That'lI the last straw.
7. . - find way out.

EXER,ClS ~
,
1. Ask questlons _ text and a n5wer :them.
11. FI1I I the bIanks with sultabIe ... erbs:

I_ JlJl o~e-

_-1 ... . -
. _
, . -
... .
.. . ... CTa fl . - ...
. . .
111. Make sentences wlth the expresslons from the notes the text.
lO

. ORAAlAlAR
. ..
. FORMATION OF VERBS OF IMPER:FECTIVE ASPEC
. ? ,.
? V.erbs of imperfective aspec t f o rll1 e~ fromv'erbs
. . - 1 of perfecti ve as pect means of th e suff l xes ~aM, ~ ..
, . , -, ., -.
. t suffixes - , -, - , :.. , - do not change the lex ic-
.: . lt ' .
.'01 meaning of the verb.
"
126 t2T
 - -
Examples:

I
Perfective Imperfective Suffix Changes i the coot 01 -
aspect aspect 01 impertective aspect -
-



I IIf the (! of the primary
- Derivatives of imperfective aspec t used
cases:
) dt ite r at iv e a c tiOll.
nainly irl the following

01 perfective aspect Examples:

cantains vowel, the de4
-
(meaning: ).
rivative of imperfecti.
aspect takes the voweJ - (meaning: PAka ).

- ) denote actiOI1 that has ta ke n pla ce in the past

-
(the Historic Present).
- Exaple: . ~ 1888
................... -- ............. .. ......................... ......... , .................................. .

-
- (aftcr ,
, , -)
~

-
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. F in the bIanks choosing from the verbs in brackets:
- ( - )
. . .. . PAka... .
(, ). - ... . pi .. ' -
- (, ). - .. . ~. ... 118
(, ). - ... . ... (
. . ........ ... ... . ....... .
,,_,_,_, ' " . " . " , _ . . . . . . . . . .
, ). - ... .
... tla ,'1 (, ). - ...

, 3 . ... ( , ) .

- (after Example: . . .. . . ..
Har ( , ). - .
I , , , 't -
II -) -
. .
I
2. form verbs ' Imperfective aspect from the foJlowlng perlectlve verbs:
I
, , , , , , , ,
I................. ........... ... .... ....... , , .
I
k - l aHer the verb jJn
I
I I
1
{ . - is added.
Use them in sentences.
. Substitute the primary , of Imperfective aspect wJlh derivat/ves of
imperfective aspect where possibIe :
.
. ~be suffix. - is added mainly { of the f i r s t n j u g ll . -
t I , the suffl.x: - ( '(, ), , , -) d the suffi.x: - (after . . - .
,. ~, , -~BaM) added to of the s d conjuga- CYTptt <! . - .
t I ~ , the s~ffJX - added to verbs of the f i r s t, S n d d " .
th1td Jugtis.
V~rbs 01 imper.fec!ive aspect, formed from derivatives of verbs of
perfectl.ve aspect wlthou~ hgig their lexical meaning, h v t h s m
mlg as th e prlmary ver bs 01 imperfective aspect.

128 129
 EXE~CJSES

'. Makt: plan 01 tht: tt:xt. Tt:11 tht: tt:xt accordlng to thls plan.
I 11. Wrltt: composltlon I(~.Ali1.'I Cf>jJU'I .jJ Hd--
II
w
jJzu m.u.
111. FIIl in t he bIanks wlth suitabIt: ve rbs:
... I. - .'l..
~ . - ...
JJ .. - .!J ... . - . ..
.
,
~ ~. . GRAMMAR
~ .
;. , ~ USES Of VE"RBS OF PE~FECTI VE ANO IMPE"RFECT IVE ASPECT
, , , , , 1I . IN
I J:l 1I 8 111 Bpe ~l e verbs o f perfective a s p cct alJd ri r
, 11 lteKi'l.pcTB3, ,
.
v rb s of i m r f e t i a s pec t Ilv \.\'ide (15('.
- . Examples:
Jl , , , , . Perfectiv e As p e ct I lI1perl ec tive Aspect
. .
~ 3JI JJ Il
, .1. , JJ. , , i, ii , . Il ,
;- , ~~, . , .
, JJ , ..1 . I

JJ .!J -
. . ' .

Verb5 0f i mperfe c tiv e 5! wit ll s ufflx used in ~

Notes the ' denote ilerative act io l1.
1. . - Ineet with difficullie~ . Examples:
2. () . - play part.
Pe r fective Aspect 11I1perl e ctive Aspect

Antonyms Il \..rr I ,in

II. .

-
8ci",a
it
, , , . UII.

Addi1ional Vocabulary
Verbsof {mperfe c tiv e aspe c t with s llffi x used in
10 den.ote c on c rete mt ti in order
, Tp~Be, , . , , - 10 l streS5 Ihe ti i t s ell.
, ?, ~ , . Examples:
, ,
, , . ' ? - I'II
(instead of: ).
. . . . .
. . .. 3 }"1If (instead 01:
).

130 13 1
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Rewrife th e text b ~ low uSinK :

U JI

. ' rrr ! .
. .
. . .'l .
.
Ilpll .
, , ,
110 . ll II

2. Choose the suil a bI ~ aspecf of Ihe verbs in brackets and put the following
sentenc~s in .~ ~ :
( It , ) XOTemJ. -
( , lt ) . -
( , ) . ~ .'I QJI
.J ( , ) . - ( , )
, . ( , )
. - ( , ) )
. - (8mi , )
. - ( , ) .

. " the bra c k ~ t s using the verb that lays greater stres5 th e actlon:
? ( ,
) . - ? (
, m~ ) . -
io : " , ( , ) cea ?~ - 1 ?
, (l1 , ) .

r ro

~I li f
16 h 01' .. Jl .
. : . . 1,1 ".
~l . . Ci:I.I1YH : , . .
~l . . ~ ~ .
.1 ' 8 . IJ > , 3.'1 . ~ ,
' ' ll
. . v
.
132
133
 3. The reflexive rSOl1l denotes t h . t t 11 I i n i s
Notes /.he /. s 5 i v : it retur ns to the subjec t is done { tts sk ..
It cannot used s subject in the sentence; therefore It hs fo rm
1. . - go to work.
2. . - s d the day working. for the Nominative case. .
The Acc usative t he reflexive persona\ pronoun tS used with verbs
. , .. . - 1 g lad to ... which take d irect and indirect (prepositiona\) ob jects.
Antonyms Examples ."
. ?
.'It - ( . )
- <.: . Koro ?
.'I - 6:

The Dative of t he refJexive personal is used with verbs

ddnl Vocabulary which take indirect () object.
ll il , , , rtaCTa , Examples:
, , , , . (),I] . ( ?
. .ll . ( ). (
. . .)
"JIf,'~K<1 ". 6 () ?
EXERCISES
short for ms of t he refl exive perso l131 a re used often
1. Answer the followlng questlons: than the full fo rms.
1. KO.llKO : .? 2. ? I f u 11 f r m s used in t he following cases:
. ? 4. ? t 1. After pr epo si tion.
11.

111. Wrlte
about the meetlng 01 two Irlends.
cOlnposltlon 80 npd8R 8& . f Examples:
.ll .
.
?
GRAMMAR
1. REFLEXIVE PERSONAL PRONOUN 2. When the l og i c a l s tr ess fal l s the p ronoun.
Examples:
~ominative_I___~ccu~ti~e Dative I Allalytica! 10
'"'
( ).
, ( ).
Sub ject Qirect object I ncl1 l oblect
Reflexiv e verbs formed means of t he short forms of '
sho rt ref1exive pe rsonal and .
, fu B fo rm short form fom
- -- .. - --- Examples." .ll , .

preposition }
- , 8, , (}, +
, etc.

- -- -- -- I
1. refl exive personal . pronoun do es not c hange in ge n-
der and nut!lber.
2. The analyt ical ( r sl) fo rm ' reflexive personal u,
formed )' mean s of the preposition plus the fuB Accusative {
, is used as ind irect Dative object.
135
134
 11. REFlEXIVE VERBS

J. COnjugatJon of the RefJexive Ver bs Negative Negative ~Inlerrogalive

Sing. .
2 .
zlll Bpe.we
3 .
Plur.
Positive I'- Interrogative
1
2
.
.

.'1

3 .
Sig. t .
2 .
3 . 2. Posltlon ! the Refl ex lve Pronouns a nd wft h

RefJex lve Verbs
PJur. ] . ) The pronouns and r v r u S d I Ih gi 11 n i 11 g
2 . of se nt e n ce.

3 . Cor r ec t : Wron g:

Negative Ngtiv~lt rrgtiv -.

Sig. ] . ) If sentence begin s with verb the reflexive ru

2 . .'1 stands aller the .

3 . "! Example : Icel .
I ) If the sentence b egin s with thr word the reflexive
Plur. I J . 1I ru stand s befo r e the verb.
2 . Exaple: Icel .
3 .
' - -- - _ . - - - -,- - - - - - 3. Uses of the Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive verbs used 10 express:
) action which o ri g inates from the s ubje ct D.d
-'--- rtu s to it. ( same is both the su bject and objeclof

Sing. 1 .
Positive

-1-
Interrogative

the action).
Examples:
. ( .)
. ( .)
2 . 1. In these cases the sho rt form s and replaced I
.
fulJ forms ~e , .
Plur. 1
I b~ action whieh is pe r formed Iwo

2
.

mt

I per s on s reeipro ea lly:
Examples:
3 . 1I .
- ....... .............-., .- .............. . ~leKa ~ .
, .
136
137
 the reflexive verbs beJong also:
.Some verbs that express s t t f m i n d : , , .
., , HadilsaM , , . , ,d: ,
.:.ttQ. , 8UlQ, , , zti. , ,
aAt , t. , ul! , rz. , . .
S m v s f m t J : ti , cmipa. , . ,

6t.aAl , . , un , 1 .
Ve rbs denoting state 01 mind t u s d w j t h
t h 1u 1] 1 r m s 01 the reflexive personal .
Examples .'
(wcong: ).
(wrong: ).
N t . verbs oma~M ( ), pblBaAl ( ).
z ( ), Ilu. used with tll cefJexive ro.
" .

GR:AMMAR EXERCISES

J. Fi ll in the bIanks chooslng from the verbs in brackets:

) ... . ... (, ). _
I . " ~ . . . :. (, ). _
... . ... (, ). _
. Ile ... (, ).
t
2. Make the verbs in brackets reflexive:
. ~ 11 () . - ( -
11 ) .. - . () . - () . _
. ( ) ?
. FiII 1" the bIanks wlth the fu ll or short lorms 01 the rellexlve pronoun.
R... . - ... 6 . _ T~ 11 .. . . He~
... . - ... . _ ... .
. - 6 ... , . 8. .
(
4. Form new sentence wlth palr 01 sen tences uslng th~ reflexive . , -
' ! 01 the verb. attenllon to th. correct use 01 and : . , - .
. . , - .
8 rlO. . .
. 8 . .
. . .
. . .
Jl . . . ,
.
Example.' 6. 'J8. -
. ~~ . .
' . l! .
5. FIII '
the bIanks wJth sultabJe ! denotlng state 01 mlnd or motJon }lBOp08.
... . - ... . - ... 6.
. - ... . -
. .. . - ... . Notes the Text
1. ... - The windows face ... (Iook ...).
138 2. ~e ... - The air is full of the scent of ...
139
 2. Usage
Addltional Vocabulary full and the short forms 01 the possessive pronouns used
instead 01 the tru e prepositional (with the preposition ) genitive
, , , , , , , ,
form s of nouns. ( . g. Lyuocho's,
, of Lyubcho).
, , . , .
( ), . Examples .'
. ( ) . . . } i1 ( )
. .
EXERCISES
. } ( )
1. Dr:scrlbe Lyubcho's . . .
11. Answer the followlng questlons :
? 2. ? 3.
1. Possessive pronouns answer { _ question /i (. . Ufi).
? 4. ( ) ? 5. Exaples .-
? v . ( ?)
111. Wrlte ll the words know about home. ( il ?)

GRAMMAR 11. FULL FO'RMS OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

1. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
1. Uses of Artlc les wlth Possesslve us
1. Fonnatfon
-------,- fuB fo rms of the possessive prol1OUnS take article in the same
-- [ 5I1Ort - ' \\' as adjectives.
Ful1 fs form s Examples:
-- -- .
possessor,
possessor, .
things
thing possessed .
possessed
f' .
masc., fem. .
and neut.
! Person Gendet masc . fem. I neul. masc., fem ..
neut. sing. and J
Rem e ber

1,- --
,
. I
-

1-

plur.

..
[1 6.

12 .

masc. }



. neut.
13 fem. lt i
'---
Possessive pronouns usualJy do not take the definl1e ;l the
.
po ssessors, possessors.
thing possessed m things Exaples:
possessed .
.
1 . I
If " is preceded att ri hute, the full fo rm of the possess-
2
3
.
.


I
I

jve s td s usually be f o re the attr i b ut e and t ake s
the a rtic le instead ! it.
lit forms : .
14 1
140
 ExampLes:
. . ? - ~ () .
. 11 ( ) ~ .

If wurds like , u, 8iu, l>8, llit used as attri- Example.- () . -

but.es, the possessive pronollos staod f t r them' aod do 001 lake I .
arllcle.
4. Use thc fu11 forms 01 the posscsslve pronouns Instead 01 the nouns '
Examples : boJd typc:
ea,iH . . -
? . - HHKOJla .
. . - . -
? -

2. Usage fI ? -
fl. -
f llll fo rms of the possessive pr 0l10u l1S preferred 10 tlle shor t . - .
f t 1S inthe following cases ; Example.- fl . -
) When the ]ogica] st r es s fal ] s Ihe rII.
i .
Examples .-
( ). I
- .
) When use d i I form of

I
d d r e ss. I!
m/." , !

.10
S'ress
n.w
slress of I possessive pronouns fal1:; always the rool.
Exaples.- , , , , , .
-
ORAMMAR EXERCISES
~ . :;:
1. ~ut sultabJe questlons to the S5 l pronouns I bold Iype: ; . ~3JI .
. . . - . _
II . -
i> .
~e ll . -
- .
{'Jl _
_
"
. ~
. ,

Jl. . .
J( -i>Jt :
2. s the 'll forms 01 the possesslve pronouns instead 01 the personaf
pronouns '" brac kets : - , , ?
: ;
? (). - () Jl ? - ().
- , . n
c~ ()? - (). - ( ) .i'
? - () ? - () ? _ . - t . . I::TO
(). - ( ). .
- - .
Example.- (). - ..1 .
- , ? -
3. s the possessive pronouns in brackc ts with artlcles: .
(~) . - () , () - , Jl ~:
. - ~ () . _ ( ) , , . .
KapT~ . " .-(Il) . - -
..1 () ? - () ? - () .'f . -' , , .
?
142

1 143
 . - - . -
1 Position of the Short Forms of the Possessfve us
. . .
)
short fo rms of the possessive pronouns are used f t r u n s.
. .
- , , . .. . Examples:
rrit 80 .
3ad'taa .
" .
Notes the !
Nouns standing before the short forms of the possessive us
J. cBeTc'I. - set out in the world. a l ways t ake a rt icle.
2. . - Different parts of the world . Nouns of masculine and feminine gdr singular dtig relatives
. ... - grant the wish- of ... don't take article before the short forms of the possessive pronouns:
4. .. - ." address s.o. , , , .
5. - I - Look! But : (), () .
6. . - tdd. Examples ."
7. . - I
studying. , .
8. . - You
right.
3.
9. . - Knowledge is power.
] . Jl . - deserve reward. u t: .

N t . short forms 01 tlle posse'ssive pronot1 ns n v r

EXE ~CI SES
u sed at the begin n ,i ng 01 sen t ence.

1. Answer the fOllowing questlons : Co r rect: , W r o n g:

1. 1 ? 2. ? .
. Jl ? 4. ?
5. ? 6. ? 7.
II ?
11. Learn the conver5atlon between the father and hl5 you ngest 50 hear t. ) If u" is preceded more than att ribute the short for ms
of the possessive r u s stand after { fir st attribute.
111. U5e the followlng nouns with sultabIe a djectlves and make senteaces
with them: . Exaples:
. , , , . 1 l 1.'~ .
'. Make se ntences wlth the following words and phrases: \ - [ .
Jl , , , .
'1ii c'l , . JHHI .
short forms of the personal pronouns in the and the short
forms of the possessive rus identical. are distinguished
ORAMMA R
theit position d use in the sentence.
1. stR FORMS OF POSSESSIVE PR:ONOUNS
Pe r so n al P r onouns Possess i ve r u s
(Object) i (Attribute)
) s hort f r s of tl1 possessive pronouns used r
than t tle ful l for ms. .
? '
( ? ) . ( t!;? )
KJlH M . .
( ?) ( ?)

IH 14&
 11. AND . Pick out all short forms 01 the pronouns (the short lorms 01 the possess!ve
OF VERB pronouns and t he short lorms 01 the personal pronouns In the Dative) 1" the text
t1d . ""n.um nl; them '" two colum"s.

Positive I~~~rrOgative __ _ 4. Replace the short forms 01 the possesslve pronouns '" the text HlJ d

I
I Sig.
_1_ _ ___ ~n.um n their corresponding full forms.

5. Make thc followlng sentences Interrogatlve and negatlve:

,
J . JI
I
2 . 11
3 . 11
.11// .'I
.1// .'1
, . -
. -
. -
. -

OI1
1 . - Biie il. -
Plur. I . .
2 . 6. f In the bIanks with r!, 61. (8

!..
3 .
,, ) 01 the Cf).At:
... . - ... Ile .
... . - . ... 1. . - r
Negative Negative-Interroga t ive TOii ... . - ... .,. -
. ... . - ... .'1 ?

Sig. 1 . I
2 . . // II// .'I
3 . // // ,
Plur. 1 .
2 .

3 .

L

GRAMMAR EXERClSES
1. Use the short form, 01 _ possesslve pronouns Instead 01 the full 'orms: 18 . .,.
. - . - .
. - . , . ~.
v. . - 17. .'l .1 .
. - . . ..1 ..
. - : ~MaMO, ?
. - , . w
. Q.. - . - .'I 18 .
? _ , . I - ~II ..
Example: . - . . 3~
2. Answer thc lollowi ne qucstions using thc short lorms 01 the possesslve - . .
pronouns: .. .'. .
.'I Il ? - _
? - ? - II iI l l -
9? - .
? - . _ , . ~~ .. ,
? - JI & ? _ , 1-
Exaple: ? - . - II
. - ct"?

146 117
 - ~ . ,
- . . 111. Write compositfon ~ .
- l1 ;, - . - IV. Use suita bIe verbs wlth the followlng nouns :
, ? , , ll , , , ~, , ,
- , . . - . - .
, . ORAMMAR
. REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE P RONOUN
- - . -
- .
. - (lO.1 - . - Full forms Shor t form
. '
. .
~
22 :.l . 8 0
Sigu l r Plural ! S ing ular and plural
. .
- ii. l. masc. I fem. neu t. masc., fl . and ut. masc., fem. and neut.

Notes the ! ~l-~~ - --; I '

J. J8 . 1 18 years old (today).

-
2. I' ... - make preparations for ... The r eflexive po ssess ive p r o lloun is u se d with
. II ( ) ! - happy blrthday (nameday) 10 )'ou! us of objecls w h i c h bclong 10 I !le :-: ubject of t h e
4. . - I wish you happiness. s t .
5. ... - behalf of ... Examples:
. ... - !he s i of ... . 110-
7. . - As keepsake. KaHB~ . ( l\ 113 ,!.)
8. .~ - 11 suits . . -
9. . - They are rds fig. . ( .)
The reflexive possessive pronoun is answer to the question iLii.
Antonyms The reflexive possessive r u ! used as attribule to
tbe subject. Therefore it is never used with the ful1 forms of the defi
-
article.

Additional Vocabulory Co rre ct: W r g:

I OC TII. r. . . .
. ( ) ! ] .
.

EXERCISES
1. Answer the fo llowlng questions: .. Fu l l Form s S hort Form
1: ? 2. ~ The full forms of the refJexive
short for m of the reflexive
? . io ? possessive stand before possessive r u s tds after
4. Il ? 5. nouns and fake article in tl1e Ihe u which takes article, wilh
? . same way as possessive pronou ns. the ti of nouns denoting
? 7. ? relatives. If the u is preceded
11. f in t he bIanks wlt h s ultabIe words: adjective ! short lorm of the
.. . . - ... reflexive possessive p ronoun stands
Examples : bet ween the adjective and fh e u .
. - .... -
... 18 . ' . .

148 I
.
.:
io..
I
1
.
11 t : usli1
.

i
 TIJt! { form s of t!Je refIex ive pos5essive r IU in the 1st and GRAMMAR EXERCISES
2nd pers. 5ing. and pJur. r ep Jace d the fu ll f rl S
f I h 5S 55 ! ve ( n 5 while its short form .. n 110 t J. Use the fuH and the short forms of t he reflex.ive possessive pronouns with

!
re p]aced t h e s h ort fo rm s of the p05 s e 5s iv e pr o- the wods glven ' brackets:
1 u s. " ( )? -
( ). - ( ). -
cxamples:
( ). - (). -
( )? - 8
() ,., . " uil ilIS~ JI{'
() .
( it ) :
iI )('
II!\ J(
}

,I ( )? - ().
Example: 6 ( )? -

<l () '. ? ?


2. Replace the ref1ex.lve possessive pronouns wlth ordl nary possessive
nouns wher e posslbIe:
The full for ms of the ref/exive pos5essive r u for the r d
pers. sing. and pJur. n (, , ) as well as its shor t fr J ? -
lJt replaced Ihe rr~d ig possessive pronouns jf they <: . - , . -
sta nd bcfore \\'hich dts that it i5 in possession of tllC subject. I . - ?
'l. -
Examples: . - II .
! ( ;1 ). ( Example: ? -
11'1 .) ?
u t : {-
1<33 ). (<l I , II .) . Replace the words ' brackets wlth posscssivc or rcH exivc possesslve
pronouns:
!' (.'1 )
. ( Il .) ( ). ( )
u {: , . - r: . t'!
. ( , .) ( ). - ( )
. - .Vlt ( ). -
The short fo rm of the iv possessive U differ5 from 4 ( ). - l0 ( )
the short [ o f the refIex jve personaJ lI in 5 use and . ~ ( ). - ( )
sition in the sentence. . - ( ) . - ( )
.
Ref l ex i ve s l Reflexive Po ss es s ive
r u 4. State whethcr 15 uscd . s possess lve r eflexive :
rIl U
(Object) (Attiibute) ~ . - YMopella .
. - . -
. . (
~4 . - CII . -
( ?) l ?) :tJ . - . ~ i'l . -
. . ( . -; .
( ?) ?)
Example: ( -
Nouns used "'i ith I( short fo rms of Nouns tlsed with the short f r1 S ).
the refle xive rsl pronoun of the reflexive posse55ive
d 't lakc article. noun take arHcle.
Stress
The stress of thc reflexive p05sessive fa lls 011 w 5 0 1\
the coo t.
Example: , , .

150
]5 1
~
Singular - /- - -;~~cal !

I
-_._.- _ _ _ _ _- - ,

<: IIIt8
-1

masc. lem.
I neut . masc., fem. and neut.

.. ...! ... , ~~.~~~ .. ..1.

, -'------ - - ---' For persons

and objects

, .'10 J , ~pH.
, . ,
~~JY 'f~r I.. . 1
sons ( preposltlOn + !
~pllA! ;) , .. I i
ff< I ,
, - I N t . is old focm and is almost out of use.
, ,
, . : 2. Usage
. ,
. relative pronouns se cve 10 join th e s ubordinate att ci-
..., / . butiv e (reJative) clau se t o th e main c l ause in complex se n-
tences.
. Il i:.' Il 11. ATTRI8UlVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSE

attributive (ee lative) clause Qualifie s u -
of the mai n c l ause.
Noles [n Text
Examples:
, .
1. . - With one's heart and soul.
2. ... - doomed to ... , . .
Relative pronoun s fo r per sons d obj ects
t h e same gd d um r as { word whic h they
EXERCISES qualify in th e m a in c l ause.
1. Lf:arn fhf: text hf:art. Examples:
11. M8kf: sts with the expr essions ( { notes t he text. 6.rQ , . ( ? }
u, r . ( ?)
, l\OfOTO . (6 ?) .
R 80, ~. (
?)
' . RELATIVE PRONOUNS DENOTING PERSONS AND 08JECS , , . ( ?)
8, .'l . ( ?)
1. formation
Remember

relativepronounsare lormed mean s of the i nt e rr oga~
tive pronouns p lu s the particl e ~TO.
. } ,
. .
. } ,
. .

152 153
 Posltfon of the Attributive (Relative) CJau se '
--------- ----,,
l1e
attributive (relative) clause ~ std f t r t h m i i t/ 5 ,

before it between its part s. u" "

111 "11
Examples:
, .
, .
, , . -
Punctuation 12 .'! 1961 . IJ
- II .
ttiu tiv (relative) c[ause i5 separated fr 1 the i clause
l{ " 1"
ms.
I I . 89,1 it
29000 ,
R:4.R EXERCISES .
: ~PaOCTeH , ,
1. Underline the att rlbutlve (relatlve) clauses. Insert commas where necessary: ~ U l ~)' l
. - . II
'i . - 113[I1..'1I1 ;:](! . ~
. - I lI .
. ~~6,
- lI - .
2. FIII In the bIanks wlt h s uitabIe relatlve pronouns. Inserl commas where II
necessary:
.
... ;:] . -
... II . Notes tlle Text
'.' . -
eAi[H ... 811 3. - ... 1. u . - perform task.
. 2. . - se t task.
3. Joln each ! 01 sentences Into complex sentence turnlng the Ilrst :1. 'J: . - make dream true.
I1 0 maln clause and t he second Into attrlbutlve (relative) clause :
. . - , Additiona/ Vocabulary
I lO . ff . -
. . - , , , , [ / (3II )
. . - II. , ll , , ,
. - . , , .
. - . lt .
Exaple : . . EXERCISES
J-I e ff , ,
1. Answer the lollowlng questlons :
1. 12 1961 .? 2. ?
. ? 4. ? 5. 11? 6.
? 7.
? 8. II ?
9. ? 10. .
?

) 54
155
 Jf. Add suitabIe adJe~tlves to the fo1Jowlng nouns and make sn t ~s w ith them :

, , , , , .
111. FJnd ~ognate nouns f or t he follow lng v er bs and make senten~es w it h t hem : Positive
, , , .

Sing. . .I

O ~ A MMAR 2 .
. .
1. ( PAS SIMPLE TENSE)
l . 1 .
2 . I!
,. Formatlon
3 .
I
is usually formed means of specia!
stem plus the following endings: I Negati\le Nega ti \1 -I n ter roga tiv

5ingular
-1---_. P-lu-, a-l --~-- Sing.
2
1 .

.II

3 . .1
1 . -
Plur. 1 .
2 . -
2 .
3 . -
3 .
--~ -- _._~

pe r sol1al endings for the 2nd and d pers. sing.

(to launch rocket)
stem of some \lerbs in i s t h s
s t h t f . Other \lerbs form their stem h n g j 11 g 5jg. I . PJu r. 1 .
{ stem-vowel.
2 . 2 .
3 . 3 .
2. Usage
is used to describe n t i n I {- . Stress
ed at definite moment in the past. It broadly corresponds
to the English Past Simp1e Tense. It has very wide use in Bu1garian. stress of verbs of the third conjugation {
remains the m sylJable { persons singular and pJural.
Examples: It either remain the S<l lDe syllable s {
" - . shifted to the 1ast syllable.
89,1 .
.
Examples:
,
- ,
11. OF VERBS OF
TlR D CONJUGATION forms of .'1 for the 2nd d 3rd pers.
Verbs of { third conjugation form t bpeme- with sing. i id with the rd pers. sing. but the stress is
the stem-vowe1s - , - . Their stems identica! with the stem of - shifted to the last sylJable.
.

156 157
 2. I trsitiv verbs witll li l st re ss th e
Exaples:
s t I-v \\' I - in .

.
!
.
15 -
Sing. I .

2 .
111. Of VERBS OF 3 .
SECOND CONJU(iATION
Plur. 1 . ,'I
stem-form of of verbs of the second 2 . .'I
conjugation has the vowels -. - (- ! , , f1l). 3 .
1. Most of the verbs of ( second conjugation have - s t
' f r m which is identical with the stem-form of . this Exceptions
'group bel0ng:
) transitive d intrallsitive verbs with accentuated stem-form s
1I

Sing. J . Plur. J .
Sing. 1 .
2 . 2 .
2 .
3 . 3 .
3 .

PJur. I . . small umr of transitive and itrsitiv verbs with final

2 . stress and with , before _ ending in the 1st pers. sing. <lQ.
_ stem-vQw l - in .
3 .

Except i ons
Sig. 1 .
(tocomb) 2 .
S ig. 1 . 3 .
2 . 33. _ 3 - ! Plur. 1 .
3 . 33. 2 .
] . 1 . ll .
2 .
Stress
3 .
I verbs 01 the second conjugation having
the stress the root vowel keep the stress the same syllabIe
) Transitive verbs with ] stress: as in the 1st person singu lar shift it 10 the linal
syllabIe.
1I0
Exaples:
Sing. I .

2 . - ,
- ,
3 . 11

P]ur. 1 . forms 01 the 2nd and rd pers. sil1g. are

idcntical with _ 3rd pers. sing. . differ only
2 .
their stress which is shifted to the last syllabIe i .
3 .

158 159
 Example :


. Tea~.
rro
-r
Verbs 01 the second conj ugation having l stress in II
keep the stress the sa me syllabIe ill .

Examples:
-
- bJl
.'1 -

QRAMMAR EXERCISES

J. the brackets and conjugate the verbs in n - :

il () ll . - ()
. - () . . - () .
2. the brackets and put the verbs In n 8- ;

. (). - (
. - ( ) . - () tl
. - . () . -
() . - () . - ()
6 ? - () . - (
) . - (). - ()
? - () . - ()
. - () . - ()
? - () ? - () . -
( ) . - () II ~
? - 8 ( ) ? - () .
? .
, , ,
. State the correct tense 01 thc verbs in bold type ( or
.
(:- ) and mark the stress:
. , .
. J ' :r
. - .
. no . - , , .
. . - :
. l'I! - n[tl\ ?
:v. .". - , -
.

.
BI1N1xa . er .
. , .. '
( fl : , . .
. . ,

!
! '
 ~ !" ",: ~a ,'l:
! "
Sing. l . il
~ ?
~a . . ", 2 .
. 3 . "

Plur. ! . ll (mi
Notes the Text "
2 .

1. . - present fJo\\'e rs. 3 .

2. (). - make 5peecll.

. "' ... - Lg Jive friend.ship belween ...

Sing. 1 .
ddnl Vocabu/ary 2 .
3 . .n
. ", "" , , "" ,
, , -, , Plur. J . .'1
", , , , , 2 .
. , , , , , ll
3 .
, , , .
i'l.. -'l . .
. . S p ecia] Fo rm s

~ M
EXE~CI SES '

1. Pu1 qU~5tton 5 10 th ~ t~xt and an5w~r th~m.
'
11. D~ 5cribt: m ~~ ttng , $~t:lng 50" .t tht: 5t8tio".

. Add 5uitabIe nouns to { followi ng verbs:

, , , .
'
IV. Flnd cognate 5 , the followtng nouns:
, , , rrTHII"', , .
] ), small 01 verbs which have wide use in Bulgarian
have the stem-vowe! - in II Il :
OI!AMMAI! , .. , . , (, ).
OF VERBS OF FIRST CONJU(;ATION W ITH (. ), (, ), (, cW), ,
CONSONANT BEFORE ENDIN(; OF 1st PERS. StN(;. ll.. . (, ), ll (u, u),
(, ), , d (, ).
2. AJm05t ll verbs with stut before the ending 01 the ! 51
Verbs 01 the firsl Jugti with st before the dig pers. sig. Jv the ste m-vowe! -. ExcepHons verbs
01 the 1st pers. sing. have the stem-vowe!s -, -, - in with the sts , m, "', ., .
ll .
a
1. Ver.bs witb the sts . , . . . before { ending 01 !th(~ '
Sig. ] . '
1st pers. sg. form -'10 with the
stem-vowe! -. For the second and third person sigul the stem' 2 .
vowel is -. 3 .

162 16
 Plur. 1 . stcess mi s uhgd shifted to { end ' wh ll
2 .
other verbs of the ficst ju gti which prefixes.

3 . ' Examples ."

- .
Verbs with Change in the /(oot - ,

Verbs with the stemvowe! - whose fo rms for the 3rd pers. sig.
) root vowe! - drops out. coincide with those of { 3rd pers. sing.
sft the stress to the stem.

Examples."
Sing. 1 .

2 .
3 . " .
~. .
Plur. I . .
2 . .
3 .

verbs . . and their derivative~ beJong 10 this EXERCISES

gcoup ( , . ).
1. Conjugate the verbs in brackets '" :'
) Tlle coot st is changed in the fllwig way: m - . If. - .
t- . -. -.. () . - ( ) ,-:- ( )
.
" 2. Put the verbs '" brackets ' :
() . - " '
Sing. 1 . .'"
( ) ? - () . -
2 . ( ), { ) ( ) .
3 . () ? - ( ) ? - ( )
? - ( ) . . -
PJur. 1 . 311
( ) . - ( )
2 . () . - ( ) . -
. d ( ) ? - () 1942 . '-
() ? - ( ) ll ?
followirrg six verbs have
3. Ihe stemvowe! -: . , () ? - (), ( ).
(). . . . npofJpa.
3. State whether the verbs '" b :)ld type in Q in
mark the correct str ess :
d

. . -
Sig. I . Plur. I . .
2 . 2 . . - . Jl ,
. - .
,3 . 3 .
. - . '
Stress 6. 15 baI."Oh-.

Vecbs with { stemvowel - shift { stress { the ! in

.

Examples :
- ; - .

164 165
 ]. Verbs with the vowel - before the ending of the 1st pers. sing.
keep the same stem-vowel in .
,
ro
Sing. 1 . P1ur. 1 .

2 . 2 .
3 . 3 .
2. Verbs with the vowel - before { ending of the 1st pers. sing-'
f replace the stem-vowel with - 9 in . :
~ .
. ,

, .'J(~ .
, . Sing. 1 . P1ur. 1 . .
: ~ , . 2 . 2 .

a.. li . I::TO MY. ~
3 . 3 .
. . "
. folJowing verbs 150 the s t-vwl - i
. : (s), (). (). (), etc.
- ? - . 3. Verbs' with the' rootvowels -, -, - form ('
- . ' adding the endings to the coot. L

- - ! -
, .
" , , Sing. 1 .
. 2 .
. 3 .
Proverb: ll .
Plu r. 1 .

Notes tke ' 2 .

3 . IJI
1. . - For while.
2. . - seat is occupied.
3. ( ). - give the s ig! (for starting).
4. . - conto! one's anger. Si g. 1 . Plur. 1 .
2 . 2 .
EXERCISES 3 . 3 .

1. Which 01 the two passengers is taught gOOtl lesson '} 4. verbs m . nu., , focm
11. Make sentence5 using t he expression5 ' the note5 t he 'ext. like 8..
111. Make !1st 01 words connected wlth t r avel1ing.
Stress
GRAMMAR
stres5 faIJs - with verbs with the st mv w l5: i
Of VERBS Of f l RST CONJUGATION WITH .
VOWEL BEfORE ENDlNO Of 15t PERS. SI NG.
Exaples.' - ; - .
Verbs or the first conjugation with vowel before ttle di g of tl1e other verbs of the first conjugation with vow el before the end -
1st pers. sing. the stem-vowels - , -, -w. -. - in of the 1st pers. sing. don't shift the stress.
. Exaples.' - ; - : - .

167
 Perfective verbs with prefixes be10nging t9 the first, second and tbird - , , - != !. -
conjugation, which tutd stem i , preserve . , , - ,
the stress the same syllabIe i . .
Examples: , , . .
. ,
.
ORAMMAR EXERCJSES , .
.
1. the brackets d jugt the verbs i n :
, , .
- .
() . - () . ~ ()
,
. - () : . ,
2. the brackets d put the verbs '" : . :
l, () - , , 1
. - cecTpd () . ,
( ) . - .~ .
() u !t. - ( ) " IL
? - () ?:o~~
. - () . -
Notes the Text
( ) . - () .
? - () ? - () 1. . -
bagpipe started.
(). - () . 2. .
- m animated.
() ' (). - 3. . - chat.
() . 4. (). - Good-bye, farewell
. Write mslti 80 n8 8'itpa using the flIwig verbs 5. ... - cast glance at ...
I n : 6. . - Memories were awak-
, , , , , , , ened i his soul.
, etc.
EXERCISE
Retel1 the text according to the foHowing plan:
1. .
2. .
. .
._--- -- -- -~

GRAMMAR
II6ll 6

USES OF VERBS OF PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECIVE ASPECT IN

Usually ve r bs of perfective and primary verbs

IO imp erfective aspect used in ..l .
- Exaples:
. 060. 3'10 , Imp erfective Aspect Perfective Aspect
.
l! o.
. "'
- \
. .
!! . . . . .

l8 l9
 Verbs of imperfective aspect with suffixes a re used .. fter the fol!o ....'
ing words: z, n um, .
Examples :
J,"
.
' .

Verbs of imperfective aspect with suffixes used in
to denote aIso conc ret e m o m enta r yactiofl
in orde r to lay st ress the action itseIf.
6 6
Examp!es:
. , ,
., (instead of: }.
(istd of: ).
;r. .
. , .
. , . .
ORAMMAR EXERCISES
.
1. Choose
' suitabIe aspect ! the palrs of verbs 10 brackets and ! them . ~ ' .
in :
, lI . '
( , ) . - , 'fe ~Te~eCTBOTO haA- .
( , ) . - (, ) .
10 . - (,
), (, ) . - (,
17 1876 .
l13 ~ ~
), (n, ). - (, )
. - (, ) 15 . SYllonym~
( , ) . -
(, ) . - -
, (8. ) , . - -
(, ) 5 . - 5 (, -
) . -
( , ) . EXER:CISE
2. the bracke ts and use the verb whlch l! geater stres s the
Learn the letter heart.
'" _:
? (, ) . -
.1q? ( , ) . - GRAMMAR
? ( , ) . - ?
( , ) . OJECT CLAUSE
. Use Instead of the verb forms I bold type '"
the foilowlng text : . The obje~t clause is ?nsw~r { the qusti; 80, , u<;ed
wrth the pred!cate of the ma!n clause. Jt is object { th e main cIause.




Examples:
l:I . ( ?)
. . l:I: . ( ?)
rl. . . . -
. n . .
: 1. The Declaratlve Object CJause. jutis
- . : .
io . n .
The d~clar~tive object cIause is joilled 10 the mail1 cIause s
of ' JutlOS '( and .
. . .
..1
juti11 is used main]y aHer ' verbs . it, IJ
IJf1N, li. 'tYscmlJysa.w, 8. elc.
.

170
171
 Examples: . Make comptex stntences using the foJt owtng s~nten ces as object clauses:
3ul, HaA~MHOO . . - . -
ti, 'l . - . - " "
. - . - -
, . . - . -
, . .

conjunction is used mainly after the verbs : , '(i Example.' . - , .

( ), 'lun. ( l:l ), (), nOJi ,
KdpaAl ( :.! ), . , etc.
Examples:
, tiCKaAl :.
. ',--------
. . ,

.
.
3..

2. sltl of the Declaratlve Object CJause
- , J
dlrtiv object clause stands always f t r t h m i n - , . ?
clause. - , . .
.
Example: .
- , n !
ututl . ?
- , .
conjunctioll always takes before iI.
. ? .
Exampie: , . - .. .
is wtitten before { juti l wh it is repeated. . 8-
Example: <L. .
- , .
ORMtMAR EXERCISES - . ?
- .'I . l::TO.
1. F In the bIanks wllh the conjunctlons " or . Put comma where . .
necessary:
- , ?
... r . - ... - , . 6
BeHeT<I . - .
... . - .
tla . .. ~ .
3..rl ' ' .
JJr I JIIl ... , <l06.
- .
II ... . -
.
... u . - . .. - . ' ,
. - ... . -
. , .
... .
. ,
2. Complete t he followt ng sentences ustng object clauses: .
.... - .... - .. . - ,
.... - lI Ji . . .
... tl .... - . ?

172 173
 - . . GRAMMAR
- , . 1i ~ ADVERB
.
1. ds of Adverbs
-
, . .
ll.
Notes the ! inds

,
of adverbs - Examples
I
,nterrogati-
adverbs
------
1. . - charge ]01. ! . '
2. )' . - With pleasure. ! place ! , , , , 1
' .
)' .
3. . - I having suit made. , , Ha~
4. . - he colour suits . , , , I . I<nil
?

5. . - lot oi wor k. , , : .

. -
6. \vork in t\'J o shifts.
.............. . 1..
. -- It suits .
7.
. -
8. I'd rather it without pockets. 1 01 time , , , II 'b TYBaM
. -
9. take one's mea surements. , , KC~ .
?
] . () . - fting. , , , .

Additional Vocabu.lary .

!I, , , , , !.: , , I
Of ! , , , xy~
(), , , , , , , .
, , no.'Ja, ,,1 , , , ~
, . .
. . . . Heo'I3.KBaHO .
. . . .
. . /J . , I
. ).'J?
! Of quan~ , , ,
.
and , , , . ( l{
EXERCISES degree , ?)
1. Retell the text accordlng to the following plan: .
1. .
2. I{. Of , ,
11. Wrlte compositlon UtJU. ment , , .
111. Fill '" the bIanks wlth words from th e righl.hand column: ll'
... 1I0ll 43. - ,
... . .
... ? ~.
... . .
Adverbs invariabIe words.
...
)f '.' . 2. Formation
... .
. ... I{ Adverbs usually derived [ adjectives pl u s the s ul '
. s'! . . I{ fi -(the suffixes -, - seldom used).
~ . ... n ? . Examples:
.. . - -
... . :1 - -
- -

174 175
 Adverbs with the suffix - have the same forms as the neute r g
5. WrJte the derrees 01 comparlson 01 ' followlng adverbs:
!adjectives. The y differ f roJ them in meaning.
Exaples: , , , .

Adjecti ve s Make sentences with their comparative and supetlatlve degrees.

. ' Adverbs
.
6. Add the preposltlons '" brackets to ' adverbs '" bold type.
( ? )
. l ( ?)
.
tlon to thelr spelllng:
().
tHa). - ().
-
-




, t
(). -
. I . (). - (). -
(). - () .
. Comparlson of Adverbs
Adverbs derived irom adjectives fo rm the degrees of comparison in the
same way as adjectives.
Examptes:
m D eg r ee Super lative De g r ee
J:l - . -.

- tl . -.
N t . When the "adver'b is p'reced'ed preposition the adverb
and the prt:position usually written as word.
Example: i n .
Jj~
Exce ption s:
" . :
.
- . . .
.
II . h70
8 .
:
- , . - -
GRAMMAR EXER:CISES
.
1. Underlioe the adverbs in the followlng sentences and state what klnd :
they a re: - , II .
. : . - . :
. - . - . . .
. - , , .
. - . - ? - - -
. . - .
2. Make sentences with the 101lowJng words uslng them both as adJective . :
and adverbs:
, , , , ,
.... - ?
:
. ~~ ~ "? ?
"

3. Form adyerbs ( the following adjectlves and ule them in sentences: - -, , ce,l ?
- . ~". .1-
, , , , , , . . \.,
I .~ . .
4. Replace the adverbs wlth their correspondlng antonyms: :
. -;- . - OBopeT~' . - ~ , .
: - ' . ...... 9Ji :
. - . :, , , .'I<I,
. ?

176
177
 - 'J>. ,
O ~ A MMA ~
. "JJ".
01 . t I MPERAlVE
. :
- . . Imperative Mood has l s only for the 2nd pers. sing. and plur.
II 1~ 1. Forma tion
:
- ! ! ,gs
1st peTs. sing. lmperative
'1

-----1-- S r;ecial ca~es

j

sil1g. , plur.
Notes the !
------ , I
1. . - 1 think (It seems to ).
.

t-- Verbs with consonant ')
2. .
. ... -
4. 1 -
- qusti of laste.
lig g lasses with...
hea!th! Here's 10 you!

- -
I before the ending 01 Ihe
I ]st pers. sing.
have the endings
Ii
- <1l1d - in l Im('1r
ra tive.
Additional \locablllary
l1 Verbs with vowe!
: , , , .'1, , fore { ending of the 1st
; , . - - pers. sing.
: , , , ,
, ,.


I the CJJdillgs -
and -l1 in ttle (
: , , , (, , tive.
), (, ).
: , , .
J: 814, l ~ J{, ,
, .
: , , , , , , ,
S p cc ia\ f'o r11l S
.
)< (): , ., , , ,
- - }J -
.
. . ,!). . - -- .. ._- -

. .'l l. . - - -
- - -

EXERCISES
1. Put questlons to the' text. Note5:
)
The Imperative i5 usually used witllOut rst1 l lll1 ~ .
11. An"wer t he followlng questions:
Example: .
1. ? 2. ()? .
)TI1e verbs z and have Imperative form s.
Jl'! ? 4. ?
)The Imperative o f perfective aspect 15 used to expTeS5 :1 \\,isI1 or
111. Wr ite ms p ecmopdH"', (le5ire po~\ y thal1 the Jrtiv of irf tiv a5pect.
Exampie: ' - is more than -
.

].78
179
 GRAMMAR EXERCISES

2. Negatlve Imperative t. Write the posltive and negat!ve forms 01 the Imperati ve of the fol1ow-
ing ve rbs:
1. It is formed means of the particle used before t11e positive , , , .

.forms o~ the Imperative. 2. Make sentences w!th the Imperative lorms 01 the verbs ! exerc!se 1.
Examples .' 3. Write the ve rbs in the fol1ow!ng sentences in the 1st pers. slng.
.
-
- . - . -
2. It is formed also means of the auxiliary verb - T~KCTa . - . -
plus <l ivribl form of { main , wblch is identica! with the 3rd . - . - .
pers. sing. . 4. Make the fo!lowing sentences Imperat!ve (sv and negatlve):
Exa pies: () . - ()
- . - () . - ( )
- . - () . - ()
1 ver bs of imperfective aspect { negative Imperative. .

Examples: Exaple:
.1. () . - !
. !

5. Rewrite the 10110w!ng sentences uslng the complex form s 01 the Impe ratlve:
3. Complex Forms ' the Imperative Mood
. - .
The 1 forms of the Imperative Mood <l form ed n1eans of
tll partic1es and p1us of the q1 i .

Sing. I . ( )
2 . ()

3 . ()

Pl ur. 1 . ()
2 . ()
8 t
3 ~. ( )
J::xample,' ~ ~. ~ "
() . ~ ". ,
l form s of the lmperative Mood mainly used in ( .
1st and 3rd pers. sing. and plur. .
. .
Stress , n .
Verb5 forming the Imp erative with the endings -, - have the , ,
accent - in the singular and the 5yl1able before the l 5! in , . 6 5
the pluraJ. . 'f .
Exaple: - . : ~ ~ ."
.
Verb5 forming the Imperative with the endings -. - have the
. .
accent the stem.
Exaple.' - .
181
180
 .
. ,
.'1 .
19. .
' . ll
' , , l\). .
. .
~ , ! ~ .
~ ?
~ . ?
?
~ .
. .
~ ? , . c~
, ?
. , .
~ , .

Notes the '

1. .
take t s.
-
2. . ~ silent.
. 19. ~ It was 7 o'cloek . 111.
4. ! ~ Wllat iid.
5. ? ~ What i5 the Willl ?
6. ? ~ Wbere have you ?
7. . - II da y long.
8. ? - 15 that 50?

Addilionat Vocabu1ary
, (' . l, "'l , ,
, , , , , , (
, , ), , , , ,
(, , ), ( I
, t': , ), , .1, .
( ). .
. .
. fl .
. ... ... .

EXERCISES
1. Make plan 01 the text.
11. FIII '" the bIanks with the followlng words or phrases:
, , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , .

]82
 _ 01' 8ltf .. . ?
_ ... i'llJ. .
~'da .. . Jl ?
\l

. .. ?
lJ . .. ~ ~ .
It ~ . ...
<'Ir. ...
}tC:I ... ~ ;'?
- , .. ..
_ ... ?
-
_ ? ... .

111. An$wer the follow lng questlons :

1. _' ? 2.
1It~ ? .
? 4. .l(
? 5. ~ ll r ? 6.
80 ?

OIMMMAR
( IM PE~fECT PAST TENSE)

1. fo rmatlon
is fotmed }' m n s f s i 1
s tem and the following ending s:

. - 1 . -

2 . - 2 . -

3 . - 3 . -

, Verbs of the first al1d sccond conjugatio!l for m their stems in

chang i ng the s tem-v owel s of
.
) T h e stem-vowel cllanges i n t ~ ( -3 , , )
if the stress fall s the ending.
Exaples:
, -
, -
) stem-vowel changes i n to - if t he accent falls
t!le stem.
Exaples:
,
, -

183
 stem of I f v r s f t h t h i r d 2. Usage
co n j u gation coincides with the prese n t stem.
denotes n r t t i n i 11 i t .$
Examplts: p rog r ess at mentioned defin i te moment in the pasl.
, - This moment defined means ! another verb in past tense,
, - { adverblal expressions , ., .lfoMeHnC
! implied.

correspol1ds partly to the Past Progressive
Tense in EngJish.
Positive ___
1 ____ ~errogative I
-1 act i on c omp l eted ! action il1 tlle pas1
Sing. . def i nite moment in the p ast incomple1ed 1 the
2 . me n tioned
. (J,jn ) ( .'lO )

P lur. 1 . n.
2 . .

Negative
I

Negati -I n te rroga t iv

.
.1l0M eH nC
.
.

is also used to express r td

.. . 1 action i the past.
Sing.
2
.

. ".".
1
".
".

.
Examples: .'J . If

PJur.
3
1
.

.
".

".
".

3. Verbs 01 Perlective and Imperfect lve Aspecl
in
2 .
". is usually used w i t h r s f i
3 .
". perfec t ive aspect.
The perfeetive aspect isused mainly in subo rdinate cJa uses
! the conju nctions u", , . , , .
, .
fmperfeetive Aspec1 Perfective Aspect
Sing. . .'I (Main clause) (Subordinate clause)
2 . n
. ,
. .
Plur. 1 .
2 . , .'I
3 . n. .

St ress 4. Verbs w ith Ident ical Fo rm s i

keeps the stress { same syllabIe as and
i .
Verbs ! the second conjugation with stem-vowels - , - and verbs
Examples: ! the third conjugation identical forms in
- and n . forms of the 2nd and rd pers.
- sing. exceptions.

184 185
 i , ! !
ExampLes .- l)., !
.1 (. . .'. !
u . ( "1II . . .). J::TO , ! ! - '. .
- .,, ! - . -
. , .!! .
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
.!! ., TMlle lI.
1. Flnd ll verbs in " ~ { the text IJuumlm , " .
and wrlte thel r lorms for t he 1st pers. slng. . .
2. sentences wlth the interrogative and negatlve lor ms 01 t he 2nd - , . . !
per s. slng. and the 2nd per s. plur. " 01 t he followlng .
verbs: - r - .
ll, , , , . . . .
.
3. sentences using the lollowlng verbs In :
. 1' -
) , , , , (for actions in progress 80 .l .
! de fi nite mome nt in the past);
) , , (for repeated actions in the pa st).
Notes 011 the Text
4. Put the verbs in bold type In
: 1. .!! . -
10 the moroing.
, 2. . covered "' I S S1 S .
. : . " - 1 { l li ke ...
. .. .
I. , . 4. . - Su ddenly.
. .
. , Antonyms
. . .
:, - - -
. , ,
.
.!! - .!!
11 . ' Cpilll'tf{ 01 Enil l l ".1 /!

ddnl VOt:abulary
: , . .
: , , , " , ,
, .
: . .l , 1:t ll, .
: , .

EXECISES

1. Oescribe the glade accordlng to the text.

11. Answer the fol lowlng questlons:
.
. J. ?
. 2. ?
. . 111. Write compositlon / .j}R i"l .

rOll exa .
JlellaTa !

187
186
 O~AMMA~

1. PREPOSITJONS DENOlNG TIME Impersona!

verbs
Expressed -1 Denotil1g
-1
;
I
Examples the 3rd pers. sing. p!us the short ,I
Accusative lorm 01 persona\
8 . pronouns
.
.
tlJe 3 rd pers. sing.of the
.
' plu s and the short
14 .
Accusative for m of personal
.
. pronouns
. state 01 mind
-

l
i- 6
. and od

. the 3rd pers. sing. of the

. ' plus adverb and the

. IIO short form of personal
pronou ns
101 11 the reflexive form of the
Remember
and the short Dative focm of

.
I
_ _ p.:rsona l pronouns
following verbs ca ll 1 50 used impersonal1y: Il.. ./(...
i .
, u::d. 61;, cmtiza.
Examples:
11. IMPERSONAL VER8S n , n .
.
Jmpersonal verbs do not indicate t he doer 01 .
used i the 3rd pers. si g. N t . verb 6 i5 always used im rs ll.
Verb5 whi ch pecsonal digs also ill1pe r~o n al when
;------;---,---------

_ ' ~e;~~ 1_ Expressed 1_ _ _ D_'__I_

g
i _ J used as reflexive il1 the 3rd ptrs. sig. lt .
Examples:
the rd pers. sing . (turl) phenomena I !
R .

the reflexive lorm 01 t he 3rd
pers. sing. OR:AMMAR EXER:CISES

1. flll In the bIanks with pr~posltlons 01 tlme:
. .. . - . .. ...
. _ . ... . - . . . . -
... . - . .. . -
. . . . -
188
189
 Jl
... . - ...
1962 ... 1965 . .
Make sentences u slg sltls of tlm.
3. Ar range the Impersonal verbs In columns according to their formation:
. , .
. .
-'! . .
? .
!
i.1
Iln n il ll "R nR

"::-,- ---1

. .
TO~ U .'1li
( ). .'1 ,
'/opil1ll! ""IIII II

' . Jl Jl

.
, , .
:
- .li ?
- , :, , 3, , If
. .
.
. lI .
. .'1i1
.
- , - - IJ l.1 i(II )

.
- ? flO ?
- " . ~TO - .'1.
- ?

ii .... '1
- 42 ( ).
- . .
. .
- F - .
R .
- , - . - I'OTOB
[I<' '~!l1I !;\[ ltl[
.

]91
190

- ?
- . IiJlJt
~ . ?
- .
? Jl ?
- . 8.'I 8 . n !

8 , : ,
.~ . ?
: . _
?
: , , !

.'I ?
- , . 6 .'I
.
?
. ~ApOMa 5~ .
?
..,;:';. . .
?
- .
. 11 .
tTO. ?
, .
.
6 ?
. tTO .
.

- , 6l\ I 50 ,
. 10 ?
. 8 50 .
- .

]92
 Notes the Text
1. .. . - I d ...
2. . - It fits ( is size).
. . - pair of shoes.
4. (, ) ... - I take size ... in
shoes (stockings, g loves).
5. . - 1 ready for the winter.
. . - 5eamless stockings.
7. . - striped tie.
8. . - 't let forget.
9. . - 5 mall change.
10. . - Give change for ...
11 . . - is your change.

ddnl Vocabulary

8 ; r, ,
, , ,
, ( ),
, ,
, .lI: , .

EXERCISES

1. Put questions 10 t he tex! and answer Ihem.

11. Toplc for conversat!on: d:Jt: tllCU .
111. Describe what you . re wearing.
IV. Makc sentences wlth the followlng phrases:
, , r , ...,
, .

GRAMMAR
DI:::MONST RATIVE PRONOUNS
5ingula r - Ju l
Inter

m~s~~\.
masc., { ., rogative
neut.
_1.. neut . pronouns
-1
For
.'
persons
and o bjects :::" i

193
 ( ?). _ ... (?) . , ~") . .. (?)?
Singular
I Plura-1-
masc., fem.,
-1 1 Inter-
rogative
pronouns
... (?) . - ... ( .) . -
2 , ... (?) .

---
masc. fem. neut.
I neut . 2. Point at several and distant objecfs using demonstrative pronouns.
Make sentences with the phrases.
. Write sentences using demonstrative pronouns.
For distant
persons
and objects

:'

I

Denoting
18
quaIity

Denoting
qutit ..1

demonstrative pronauns used idd tl l1d ttiut
. 300,
ively (before u s). .
ExampLes: .
_ ', ! - ,
I ddt Use Attributive Use lI .
.II" ? ~! ,1,
. . , .
? _ ,._ _ . l
. tJ ? .
? _ , ! - ~I .
J::TO, . u? . ) 3-
.
Wh, used attributively demonst rative pronouns stand f r '! . ,
u ::.. nouns standing ft them llsed without - .
tic! ,c s. _ , , ! ,
demonstrative also express surprise. ?
Example: _ ,
.
~HOO !
- ?
_ .
: EXEROSES I{ - ~ . -
, ,
1. fill in the bIanks with the demonstrative pronoun which is I" Inswer to- .
the question in brackets: - ?
... (?) . - ... (?) _ , , ,
r? - n ... (?) . "' . .
... (?) . ... (?) . - ... (?) - . I - PYM~HKa.
~ ~ , . .. (?) . - -
; ... ( ?) - ~; ... .

194 195
 - KOJlKO fl~it: , ! Jl .
- ~MaT - .
~JJO Jl 3. .
. lI, , .
, fl
.

Notes 0 11 tll{' '

1. . . - few. steps away.

2. . - bask J the s u.
. . - 's eyes wide.
01*."

Synonyms
EXERCISES
.
- 1. Make pla n of the text.
- 11. Re tell the text accordlng 10 your plan.
111. S peak l the anlmals in your C"ou ntry.
Additfonal Vocab"la ry
GRAMMAR
il .
: i:I, . 1. VERBA L NOUN ( ~t EJl )
: , .
: .'!, fl. 1. Fonatlon
II : t , <t.
Verbal nouns ilce formed in two ways:
, , , , . ) s 01 the suffi x - added to verbs ! imperfec t-
ive aspect.
Examples : - , - - , -
, , - , - .
) me a n s 01 the suff i x - added toverbs of perfective
and imperfec\ive aspect.
Examples: - , ,. - ,
', - , - ,
- .
.";,11 Nouns formed means 01 the suffix - \ in char-
acter.
l nouns with the suffix - denote both ab s tract -
cept i on s and objects.
Some verbs form pairs of ! nouns means 01 the suffix -
and - which usually diffe r in meaning.
Verbal Nouns witll the Verbal Noun s w i' th the :
Sufl i x - S uf fix -

W~l{ 'l..1K .IIHcllUl

ll.
I
l.

I .
6 . I

1% 197
 2. Usage ututl

l u s lif used in silific jo urnalistic lgug. The itrjti is separated l s of ml<J. AIi o;!xclamation
Irk is used w h stronger fee iings are expressed.
I spoken Bulgarian they are very replaced l phrases.
Exaples :
GRAMMAR EXERCISES

300,llO 1. th e vtrbal ' I ihe lexl fn Iwo columns accordlng 10 thelr
. lormatlon and slate whlch , they hlve d erlved 'rom:
. .
6 , _ '> r r ?
. , . s\ . r , ;!
IleTeHeTo I . , , , , , , , ,
Q.'J. . , - .
1'.

l us joined together with ot her IJOUlJS means

of ' s . 2. Replace the verbal " , phrases :
Examples: . . -
. " . - ?
. . -
r. -
Tlle prepositiotl droppcd out verbal IJOuns witll the . - tl.
suffix ~He .
. Form verbal , 'rom the fol1 owlng , ~ , 0 1 the sufllx .
Examples : and use them In sentences:
. f , , 9, , .
(mstead of; ).
. nr 4. Make sente nces wlth th e fw l g verbal nouns uslng th em wlth the -
( s td of: l1t~ ). p~t~n~: .
, II , , .

. Uses . l Nouns with Artlcles 5. Underllne the Interjectlons in th e followlng text and add: the necessary
punctuatlon marks:
When verbal u with the suffix stands after preposition .
' l omitted. , . ,
Exaple: r . .
. - , CTOs\H - . - J::x -
11. INTERJECTION .
. .. 6 -0 .
.
ExclamatiOJJS- - - - - -,- - Imita tion of sounds
~ , blI: , .
(m tic words)
.
-, , , , , , -.," ",--'-'--,-.-.-,""""-,'::'':':':.='::'K-,--I
, , , , ,

Exaples:
, !
Ay-r-y - r.

198
PART TWO



c-8


l<

ll

80~lI

n
~9. " . ,
, , , . ,
.

203
 Suffixes:
. ) denote person s.
. .

, .
- J::, , ? Suffixs Masculine Feminine
.
:
- I 6.
- ,
-1
-I( ,
.
- ? . - l( ,
. - ,
, - ,
. ,
Notes the Text
- i , l(
Jl~ , ~l(
1. . - one's practical triig.
.2. ( ) . - u l worke rs
-
I ,

(intellectuals ).
3. ... - so's colleague. ) denote lIatiollal i ty and l of igi.
4. l? . - Of course.
5. . - Study extra-murally.
6. . - Work in factory. Suffix \ Masculille Feminine
7. . - hd in hd.
-
..! .'1I'
dn! Vocabulary -.

- ,
, , , , -,
, ; - , "-,I ; .
I
, . -
; . , .
( ). , 1

EXERCISES
1. Answer the followlng questlons: ) denote d i il1utiv :; s and affe c tion.
1. ? 2. ? .
? 4. ]' .ll? 5. Masculine Flii Neuter
Suffix
?
11. Retell the conversatlon betwten the brigadt-leader and Otor, i.
-
111 Make list 01 811 tht words you know about the dirt professlons.
'. Writt composition ntu.
,, "l(
ORAMMAR
1. FORMATION OF NOUNS I -

Common Nouns I,, -

,
-
m nouns formed means of ! mi l
stem d suffix.
205
204
 d) denote j t s.
) If the rsl u is i the 2nd pers. sing. the predicate is
Mas~uJine I Feminine Neuter ---1 put in the 2nd pers. l .
Example: ?

I 2. g m t i Number
Ji :
! ]. The predicate is in t he s i ngular:
I
.i. ) When there are two subjects in the singular, close in reaning.
subjects take articles.


Example: momi. .

" ) With graduated list of closely connected subjects i the singular.

-
, Example: , iJfl -
, .
----
2. predicate
eithe r in the s ingular in {
) denote pJace s. I u r I in case of
complex subject formed collective
- (zpjma, , llui, , , etc.) and concrete in the
I
Suffix j su!i I plural. In this case the predicate s tds in agreement with the u 011
Femin ine
I, Neuter 'w"hich greater stress is laid.
~~---!- --- I Examples :
I

m
.
JJ .

~CT80 ,I Jl80 . AHer the phrase used as subject the predica te s td s

- ' - - - - - - - - - - . - - - -------- usually i the p l ural.

f) dt b s t r t n {; ns. Example: 1' n.( lI .'.

Suffix I Masct!lirle Feminine Neuter

GR EXERCISES
I I 1. Underline the suffixes in the following nouns and write t he words '
I

I, whlch these nouns der!ved:

~ OCT I ,I
, , , . ,
, , , , , ,
,
,
TeJl, , , , , , , .'Il.l.,

,
~

I
I .

I ~CTBO

._---
I, I
2. Use t he suffixes
Ing words:
- , -, -." ~KO, - to for m nouns ' the follow-

, , , , , , , , '

. Join together _ nouns zpjma, Ij;QCm , , fjn, ,

11. SPECIAL. CASES OF QN OF SU8JECT AND PREDlCATE with other nouns and make sentences with the w l formed groups 01 nouns.
1. Agreement i n s

) In case o~ several subjects of which is personal prol1our,

i the 1st pers. sg. { predicate is put in { 1st pers. plur.
Example: iJ')('.
206 207
 20 , -
: " ", "", " fl: ", "".
, CTp~CTH a '.'~ ..
CeramHO
..
~ - lI .

Not es the ext
( I' il)
1. ... - bring in ...
2. 8Jl ... - in flu~nce.
...-, I(oeo 3. .. . - Unde r the influence of ...
lIk 8 " , JIewG- 4. . - expe lled.
it~ JlIi.
5. . .. - 's way to ...
r', lli! 6. OT~BaM . - devote S,lf .t~ the struggle.
7. . - earn s 11vlng.
, - 8. ... - At the head of ...
, 6 1849 - 9. . - killed.
R . " .
4. Antonym s
~ -
- -
.
.

Synonyms
Jl . () - (,)
- - - -
" , 0
HlleTO . UJl Additional Vocabulary
IV-
- . . l ( -
, ). .
ll 8 . ... 6.. ...
18- " R ... .
, .
lI
EXERCISES

. 1. Retell 8otev's bJography accordlng 10 t he followi ng plan :
-
tla . 1. .
, , lI 2. .
. , . <1 3 .
nfl: 4. .
11 . 5. .
113 . fl: 6. .
ll . 7. .
1876 .. c.'IeA lI , 8. .
lI 200 ll 9. - .
. " " . 2 11. Wrile the bIography 01 some 01 your natlooa! heroes in
. uslng the expresslons from the addltlooal vocabu!ary.

208 209
 OI!AMMAI! .
'Ji , .
. . ! .

.
( HISTORIC PRESENT TENSE) . . . Pita ~
Present Ten se u s ed instead of Pa st Tense is , . II
called ~ . t. . .
' verbs of imperfective aspect. . ., - . 88
r used. 4. Wh telli n g the t t s of nove]s, p]ays, stories. etc
Usage
is used: GRAMMAR EXERCISF.s
1. When tllig hi s t orica l eve nt s.
,
Put ll verbs In the text u.u.m~"m from t' ... k> B.,,~
Examples .' tJ ... in .

.1
1876 .

1876 .
l !.- ~-",-,- -1

~ I! -
, ,:1 ll 31 - , 'il.
3 . . . ~a " ,
2. I biographie s. JJ
Examples: . Il QC ll
.
iilt3
lI .

Q [) . l IIWI
68 . .
.
~ 2 2 ! -
]876 . 1876 .
ll . .

. .
ll
-
l l ~ ~.
. . JJII, .
- -
1'
. ! .
,
3. I n f i t i ", together with past tenses, to lay greate r st ress . ,
the " and give vivacity. . ' ,
/: . ;i

, . )' . .'1
. , . . , .., , HOBII .
.
2)0 2]]
 " ,
, ORAMMAR
. 1. ( PRESENT PARTICIPLE -
Notes ' n the Text AOJECIVAL PARICIPLE)

1. '
the of . . .
... - Formatlon
2. U<! . - isanimation everywhere. is formed means of the 1st pers.
. . -
shops crowded. sing. of the main plus the suffixes -, -, -
4. . - go shopping. make "purchases. which added instead of the persona! digs.
5. . - tap s.o. the shoulders with decorated - - - '. . _--
Co ' ~ . . .
i_~uffix_J~rm~~~~ _,
l saying traditiona! New g reetings. I t stpers.sing.--
I
6. () ... - propose toast to ... Jugtl . .
,
; -' --1-'

-- . - -- - J

ddnal Vocabulary stress f,alls
I
, . the dg
. " . !
I -
( ,
i the Pre,s ent
. Tense forms
, /)
EXERCISES First and
1. Ask quest!ons the text and anlwer them. second - ;~e ~~;~ss 1
11. Say how New is celebrated in your utr.
111. synonyms for: fall s { ste rn
, , , 3i:I. in { Present
IV. Add suitabIe adjectives to the following nouns and use them in , Tense form s
tences:
, Aell, , , , , .

I
-
V. Flnd cognate adjectives ' the following words: Third -
II, , , , , .

Only .ver bs. 01 imperfective a s pect

I, .It changes in gender and u and takes articles
1ike adjectives.
,
c~.tresponds to the English Preseni
- !
Participle.

.
Examples:
I! ]. .
. 2. .
, . .
. used as attributes in the s
, tence in the same way as adjectives.
. Example: ~a
.
,
11. ( PRESENT PARTICIPLE- ADVERBIAL PAR;lCIPLE)
.
, 1. formatlon
!
is formed means of the suffiKes -, -i:t.
. tR - which replace the ending of the I s1 pers. sing. .

212 213
 --.---- GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1st pers. sing.
jug t i Suffix 1. the brackel.!: and use the verbs as !t l n !t .

attention to the agree ment g e n~ e r an~ num1:ter:

( ) . - 't . (~II) 1l.. -

First and
., () ). - ( ; )
second - .. - () ~ . -
<:11 () . - j1 ..t ~ , (
, ....... , ) .
2. form cerawnn R ' the followlng verbJl and uJle
Third '1( " - "
them '" sentences:
!l 8lt -

I , , . ~ .
. Instead of the , '" brackets us~ r . attentfon to tbe
Iy v r b s
f im rfe t ive s peet form ' <t place of the commas;
It corresponds to the English Present Participle and qualilies the
(.) . - ()
\Ierb which put in of th e Present, Past or Future s s.
~ ~ . - ()
Examples: . - ,) ( ). -
m , - . ( ) . - ()
( -. ). . - (~).
.; , (
- ' ). 4. Use de5criptlve phrases fnstead 01 the '" exerclse S.
. ( Example: , lI. -
.1 - ). , .

Slllg
gt iv, parHele is written separately from .
Example: , .
N t : are separated ms of commas.

Examples:
, . n Rn
, ) .

M!tHaIlO

2. Usage
R are rarely used in spoken Bulgarian. usually
replaced descriptive phrases.
Examp/es:
. 1l .
R Descriptive Phrases . .
. .
11 . t. ~ .
. I1 . , - , , l .,
. ! , .
, , - , - 1l.. - ,
. . , . .
ll , , n. . , ,
3 . 3 . 'b.ll . .

21 4 215
 Notes the ! . 8lU n.u 0/ verbs ending in - i"
1. . - Wheat-ear5 with grain. .u 8 .

2. ! - pity.
Jt's 1- --- 1 --- - '1 -----' '
3. . - lift one's head. 15t pers. .10
1
mi i
and
Plural
Sp<Clal
ca5es of
I
... ' . - High yields.
'Additional Vocabulary
s i g.


~


neuter gender
I formation

: , , , , .
'S
v>

I
>.
conso-
: , , , , ,
nants ,
, . -

,
, , . drop out
. . . ( ). ( ,
). (, ). .
. . . .
! , nJJ I
is in-
serted
' - I, l
tween the
EXERCISES
I , ! root of the
1. Answ er the 10110wlng questfons : , I verb and
1. ? -
? - ? 2. ?
I the suffix
- in l

JI
.1! ?
? 11 sli \
forms
11. What " the mor al of the slor y d U llm : "? -1______~_______~____~'__
111. Write sentences wlth nouns used ! subJects , 01 the ver bs: Jm.
lII.m, !lJ, and ! object s 01 the ve r bs: , , f>", n .
Remember
!! !!
1. Nl 8 - 2, , !
(pAS PARTICIPLE PERFECIVE)

1. fo rm atlo n
u t : -
- - ---------------- - - - - - _
, ,
..
I
is formed s of I r r egu l ar Fo r m s
.. plus the suffix ~, which is used instead of
tbe personal ending - for ' 15! pers. sing. .
< , , ,
has the endings- for the
, , ,
fmii , - fo r the neuter d - for the plural.
- , , '\
!Ist 5.
- paC'JJ , , ,
slng. Fmii and , ,
8 Suffix Plural - r-b,
t neu ter gender

hg5 in gender d -
d takes articles i t~e s way as adjec tives.
q,
,
Examples:
.
- ,
.
:l , . )
.
,,
,

I - .
.

216 217
 2. Usage
- - - - - -- -- -~- ---

i
~
) As attribute.
is used:
I! sv Itrrgti v
-----':--- - - - - --
I
Example: .
) form compound tensp.$. !Sing.. 2
1 . (-, -)
. 'l ( -, -)
(-, -) II
(-, -)

(
I 3 .
11. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE)
I

I].
1. Formatlon

1 . .ll
has compound forms. It is formed
means of of the and .'l 2 .
of the main . 3 .

Positi ve

................ .. ..
Negative
.1 Negative-Interrogative

Jl (-, -)
j Interrogative Sing. 1
2
.

(-, -)
(-, -) (-, -)
.Sing. 1 . (-, -6) (- , -) 3 .
2 . (-, -) (-, '0)
.

I


Plur. 1 .
6
2 .
Plur. .
2 .


1_ 3 .
-----_..

_."--
3 .
N t . lit form of is expressed

I Sing ~] . ::::t;~:.:~)
means of the plural { of the participJe.
Negative-Jnterrogative
Examples:
(-, -) , .
2 . (, -) , I
(-, -)
3 .
2. Word Order
) ur verb stands:
Plur. ] . Before the participl e, if the sentence begins with some
2 . other word.
3 . Examples:
----- ' I 'lMa.
I I 1) .

2]8 219
 Afte r the p art iciple, if tbe st begins with . Differences between . 8' and
Examples,'

I !'fJ /;. .
,l
] I ..
) itrrglivtil u stands tw the rtii l
d the uilir . speaker is thinking of speaker is t thinking of
Examples,' definite ! in thc past definite t in the past
I I ?
po~aH . .
] ] ?
~ .;lilll .
I
I lf?
.
) negative particle stds f r t h u i I i ar &. 1962 . 8 .. .
Examples:
Il . The action is witnessedj the ti is not witnessed
I I . speake r 1 speaker
d) short forms of pronouns and the reflexive r s l prolloun s
, stand after th e a u xiliary verb .
" . ".
Examples,'
~l1 . :.
I I .
I I . --- - - -- - - - - -

I I . (R EXERClSES
I I .
1. Form ("!I' of the fllwlg verbs:
Icel ?
, , , , , .
t i . short forms ! pronouns stand fo r e t h u j_
J i v r in the d pers. sing. '1. Use the partlclples I exerclse 1 5 attrlbutes to the;nouns in bola type
'" the followlng sentences:
Examples :
. -
I I .
. - . -
I
I . . - . - -
[ I . JleAH3 .

[ [ ? Example.' :'1 .
.
3. Usage
. Make the followlng sentences interrogative, negative and negative--inter-
is used t d n t ' n ti
' r ogatlve :
.. hi " has ta ken place in the pa s t. havin g r esult in
the present. . - . -
It suds tl to the st Perfect Tense. . - tJ .
Exaples,' 4. Put the 5 ' brackets' 1" n :
. ( .)
! ( IlpaB.) ~ . (3Ji3) . -
. ( .) . (). -
. ( .)
220 221
 . () e.::IeKTpo-
. - . ( ) . -
. () r. -
. () ' . - Ile . iI (m~Ha ).
Example,' li . () . _
. .::I,1 II.

Jl l1 .. . 1- :
.
.

- . .
...
. ~
8
, , , , ~. )11<
.1 : , , , .
_ ? - . ,
- , - .
" .
, .
.

Notes the Text

1. .1 . - start ~)vrsti. ..
2. ~1 ll. - wl { mtlt.
:i. . - give lunch.

EXERCISES
1. Describe the fields in .
- 11 Descrlbe the yard 01 c~ope rat lv e l .
lIi.Retell the conversatlon between the larmers and ' the students. .
IV. Wrfte cognate nouns ' the lollowing words and use t~em In senlences.:
, , l ,, , , Rl, ~.
il -
() .1. I1J] I~
I< .
fl I< .
- .
. ;! ?
- OCllOBaXMe 1945 ~lII. .
- , 9-
. ?
, i _
.

<'pto li c., il8a )'

222
 @". :

.
...
".
','
,
.

IrpiilCKoaa

,',

lIit l l ll

3 U

I.1
~ "

lIOMIH

"k l .,\: 5'.'

~
.. .. ,." ,
.

'~. "
,

r!
IoI

2'24
225
 () : . - TR () . -
( ) "". - ()
. - ()
.ll..
Example: ( ) .
<J.
2. th e brackets and p ut the verbs '" 01"
. . .

: , i , ()?
: : (J) .
: , )( ( )?
GRAMMAR : MII ( ) . ()?
: () . ( ) ~ U ap -
1. IN I NER:ROOATI VE
Hepan~ . (rJ}eAaM) ?
AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES
: ( ) .
l interrogalive and l1egative sentences .~ : )( 1I0 ? , ( ).
is main]y used when stress is l<Jid ' result of the . )(: , ( ).
Exaples: : , .
: , ;) l<J .
?
?
.
. IlE
N t . participle is often omitted in negative answe rs.
Examples:
?
I~ HHano :~~ ~PH .. aCTHe
- .
?
- .
,
11. IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES )("I.
is used subordinale c]a uses afle r tlle ,
verbs li, , ., . ii.., . It denotes . ! ,
<lClions completed before the action in the mi cJause. , ,

Examples: , . OJI
. iI
jJ.Ul , () IJ
.
.
, .
it, .'J .
,
;
QRAMMAR EXER.CISES , .
1. the brackets and put the verbs in MHHa.QO I: .
R,e place t h e f10unS '" bold type pe rsonal pronouns: :
() . - - ,
() . - ( ) . - , ?

226 221
 GRAMMAR
- , .
~IMaMe . , .
( PAST PARTICIPLE PASSJVE)
- .
- n ? il.
1. Frmti
.
- . ~ is formed s !
tl. , . . endings for replaced
.
the su ffi:r:es -, -, -.
.
.
. Jl~ 1st pers. Endings !!
. , , fln<l sing. 1.> Suffix n for fem. endings
": and neut.
, ! gender
- ? ? - IJO .
- ! . f\ i( ! 1- -, -
-"
i ~Y MH.
- - . - ,
i ~ -

, 0 -"
- , - -
.
. . ,
. :i II l , 0 -

, - -, -
-"
Notes the !
I - , -
-"
].
:1.
( ) .1}' .
3;J . -
-
s]ap s.o.
post .
in the face. I
I - , 0 - Verbs end-
. ? - What right ]v ? , - -" ing in -
4. .. - i with horror. I I in

EXERCISES -

1. Descrlbe Levsky's . ,
11. Retell the conversation between Levsky and the peasants.
, .. -
I -sll
111 . Descrl be what happened at the commlttee meeting. , ver '
s -
-, - -
IV. Oescribe Le vsky's character. !, <5' -, - -
-
. Add s ullabIe adjectives to the following nouns and write senlences witlJ

them:
, , , , .
I and their de-
rivalives
VI. Flnd cognate words fo:-:
0:18Cel l , ;I , , , ll1.
I
1_ _ _._ ___ I . ___...

229
228
 2. DoubIe fonns of


{
,.

\
{
,,,. {

,l 1Q h n g s i n g n d r 11 d n u I -
be r and tak e s arti c l es in the s ame wa y a s adje c tives.
Examples:
: . ?
.
.
'NI ~ . 011111( " .. M~pl(a

. Usage
1l3J10 II i s used:
~

) As attribute.
-----------------

"------------------_.
Example:
. ----------- ---_.
)For the formation of Pa ssi ve V oice.
Example: .
ORAMMAR EXERCISES
., "
1. Write the verbs from which 'I hav~ ~~
formed '" the fOllowlng s~ n t~nt~s:
n6
lJ . -
. . - . - ., ~ . ~
. - . " -
. - . U .
2. Form ', ~ ' the y~bs in brackets: II .
lt .
( i') i . -
. ", .
.'111 ( ) ? - (). - ll
" , ~ 11 . 3
() 8 . - ( ) II.
. .
( ) . - ..1 I ()
.
. - ( ) . -
()
l". .
. - () . -
- , , ?
() . - ( ) .
- ll
. Form ' the followlng verb s and use . ,- .
them in s t s: - , 110 ! - .
, , , , , , ,
3,' - ? - .
, .

231
'230
 - , ORAMMAR
, . , .
. 1. FORM AT ION OF A DJ EC I VES MEANS OF SUFFIXES
- , l ,
Most adjectives : formed means of 110minal verbal !;tellls
- ..
. . . pJu s suffix.
ll !I :

23 Suffixes ExumpJes

. . , l
-
,
- (- ) I
: , 26, - (- ) ! ,
- (-) ' ,
, ,
f< . - , 1
: .. ~, ~ , . - (-) I1 ,
, ~ , ~ - . , 1
" - 6 .
-

Notes tke '

t. . - draw out of alc post .

11. ATTRI UTE
2. rJi'J. . - do some shopping.
There two kinds of attributes : attributes which <lgree in gender
3. . - tur comes.
and with the which they qualify and others which don't.
4. . - family, people.
5 ( .. .) -
. .. I need . Att r ibutes which agree i n g end e r and numbe r
6. . - the world. adjectives, numeral s, participJes and pronouns.
7. . - fill i form. Examples:
8. ~ .). - And so .
. ( " i')
Addltional Vocabu1ary i'J. . ( ?)
ARe i'J.. ( ? )
, ll . , . ( ?) ,
i'J. , 1, 1, , 6- 8.'1 . (
.
?)
. . . ( ?)
( , ).
EXERCISES Attribute s which do n't agree in gender a n d
nouns with preposit ions (rarely without prepositions), short forms 01
1. Retell ' text accordlng to t he followlng plan:
persona! pronouns d adverbs.
1. " .
2. . Examples:
3. . . ( ?)
11. Wrlte telegra.m. . ( ?)
111. Add $ultabIe adjectives to th e followJng noans and use t hem in se ntences : . ( ~.~ ?)
" , , , . . ( ?)
'. Add sult_bIe verbs to the followlng nouns _nd use them in sentences: . ( ?)
, , , . . ( ?)

232
233
 Remember . - . -
.
- 2. Rewrite the following phrases using prepositlon d nn fnstead of
- the adjective. "tin to the preposltlon :
-
, , " ,
-
, , , .
Example: - .
1. Uses wlth Artlcles . Use the nouns '" the right-hand lum as attributes to the nouns 1"
Attributes wbich agree irl gender and number take artic1es when they the lefthand column and make sentences with Ihem. tl _ the correct
prepositlon:
qu ;j definite object.
- - -
Examples: -- - --
. - U . - -- --
. - .
Example: -- - .
I case of two or more than two attributes 1) the first takes
artic1e.
Examples:

U ti .
mu .

Attributes which do not agree in gender and usua11y don't

l .n
take artkle aftef the prepositions , , , , .

2. Word Order
Attributes which agree in ge nder and numb er stand . ""
usual1y f.o r { word which they qualify. . .
Attr ibutes which don't agree in gender and umr stand . ,
usually f t r the word which they qu. , ,
. : " ,
Attribute s which agree in Attributes which don't
!~ . ,
gende r and with agree in gender and
with the which , , .
the l1 which {
.
qualify they qualify
, ll.
:
limu
. .
- !
.
n. .
- - .
.
GRAMMAR EXER,CISES
.
1. Put questions to the attributes in th e following sentences and state what .
parts of speech they are: , . ,
l< . - !
. - , -
. - - . - : . .
. - ......:. : w~.

234 235
 . ;) .
nM :
- ! mi .'l !
.
, .
- ! -
.
.
. ~ .
, lJ . I(
, I( .
.
Pae K II~ . kll
.ypa~ .
. Jl
.
Il() ~ ~r CTOlt llOl1

Notes the !

1.
2.
llli.
! - arms!
- 5eized with impatience. 1
~
. ( ). - inspire g (respect)
in 5.0. ,;s,
4. I)oA . - Under command.

5. . . . - 1 havc the honou r 10 ...
6. . . . - It is m to .. .
7. . - give the sign.
8. ! - Long Bulga ria !
9. . - make speech.

Synonyms
- -
- - I1
- -

EXERCISES
1. Retell th e lesson accordlng to the followlng plan:
1. I.
2. .
3. .
4. .
11. Descrlb e 8otev's appeara nce a nd ch aracter.
111. Descrlbe explolt of some of your natlonal heroes.
'. Make sentences uslng the following phrases:
... , ( ), ,
.

2
 !R

VER8AL PREflXES

Prefixes used ( form verbs from other verbs, nouns

adjectives.

I
- ::1) Movement towards I
the speake r or I ! .
object
) Adding 10 l
1l
I

.

I
~ in different !
directions .

--~ ----

237
 N t . The stem ! some verbs with prefixes t always
,----- - - - ---

fix es
Meanings of the
prefixes
asic
word
!Deri:tiv~ Examples
de fined.
Examples : , , , . etc.
1- - - '-- --
1-- EXERCISES
- ) Movement towards
1. Form verbs mrans 01 the preflxes -, -, -, -, n-. -,
eentce and 0"0"'0 and write sentences wlth them.
ssbl .
2. Form derivatives from the following vcrbs means 01 preflxcs and use
) Movement down- l th em '" sentences.
wards . , , , , .
. Form verbs wlth opposlte m i's u si g prcflxes:
- ) . across I - I , , , , , , , .
specia\ place tl
definite t
l

I
I .
il -
8
4. U d li the prcfixes 01 th e verbs k w 1" th e following text a nd
l !thelr :igs:
i .
) Repeated acl ioJ1
, ,
.",. . .
, .
) Excessive " ~1 3 , 1'0 .
BKYCHU . , 11 113-
I 11 Q . . .'1 .'1nQ ,
1
) twrds - j .
- ~ ~ ~
s.th . () w K ~
.
) Weak .

- vJt over ! -

I
S.th.
I i' .

Ilt;
- Movement the I 1
"
i () () .
sur face of s.th.
I R
" . . Aell Toit
. :
- ) ! unde r _ ?
s.th.
.
. I _ t .
) Change in the qua- .'1 . - - I , ,
lit
I -
.
. _ , .
:
I _ ?
_ , ~ .

239
238
 . I
.
.
,
" ": "
.
.'1- 8. ~
I". /'.l~lt

Notes the J ext

1. .1i:1 . - at .
2. . - At the seaside.
3. . - the occasion of.
4. . - out first.

: , , ?
: . 3<1 r
l1a 11 . .
: lI! I
: !1 .'I , II
. : <I ,
, , , .
: . il
I ' , .
; ? " ?
: . .
, "". .
, . .
3<1 .
? 8 .
11 : ",, .

EXER:CISES
1. Ask queslioni the texl and answer them.
11. Learn the dlalogue d nd heart.
111 . Write composltion /(iJl n.. .

ORAMMAR
APPOSITION
Ap p ositiollS III S used wit l10 ut p repo s it i ol1s 10
llJif sOll1e otller IIOUnS.
Exomples:
3 CTYAehtka- 1
. Denotes nationali~y _ _ l
2~ O
 .
II ~
Denotes profession or 1
t .
. 1 - - - - ----'

Noun denoting l
. I
tive' used before
.
.

u standing
.ll.. mm u
used with article.

Geograpc used
I .
l .

Names of streets. qua r-

I
"".
"".
ters, organizations,
"",
gaz ines. newspapers,
works 01 literature.

I
- .
-.
Character of the Object;1
purpose.
----_.- ._._- - --

I
f
N t . Names ! streets, quarters, g<l.iztis. works of literature,
newspapers and magazines used as apposilions put i quotation marks.
Example:
.
""

(OmmOII nouns used as apposilio!Js 10 other nouns

separated means of hyphens.
Examplr: -.

GRA MMAR. EXER.CISES

1. Underlille the ss in the following sente nc ~s and add the neces-

sary llluti marks:

. ~ II
11 . - \! io
. - 6 -
I? . - io , .~ I!. -
. - !. -
. - . -
. -
? - 1\J . - . - -

24 1

.
. -
1
2. Add apposltions { the following nouns and make sentence s w lth them'
II , , , .1, , , , , . I

;Jl ( )
( OIIItC8 HHC)

l1 Jl II Ila
. .
Jl
, - , - ,
. l-l 1]]
.'I .
.
, , . ,
, ( ).
haA- tt .
.
" l l l , , .
. H aA-
- 2925 . .'! 1. il
, Jl l l.
11 ,1 ( 11
!! . J. ll
" .
. II .
, ,
I 3. u 1I . Ma p ~a
, . , ll,
.
" 'l. .
II JI , JI
, , II .
3 1: tl. .
, , , ,
, , i , , .
- 500.

242 243
 , ,
"", ,
i .
Il 8 .
.
\, ,
i.
'
: , , , ,
. cilpa u .
,I ~.

I
.
1,
'J .
.
J.
l:I
R .
Notes the ext
f
~
J. ... - Within these boundaries ... 1
2. ... - country occupies area of ...
:1. ... - famous for ...
4. ~ . - Built amphitlleatrically.
5. . - equal rights.

ddnl VocabulalY
, , n, , .
.

EXERCISES

.~~.I,
1. Answer the followillg questlons:
J. Jl? 2.
? 3. ? 4. I
u) 5. ?
6. r ? 7.
l'? 8. - ? 9.
? 10. 2 !1 ? .1
~
1]. - ? 12.
? 13. ,i? J 4.
? 15. ll ?
11. Make geog;aphic description of your country .
. Find synonyrns for the fo llowing words:
"
, :, , , .
IV. Add suitabIe adjectives { the fol!owlng nouns and make sentence-s
w, them:
;I, ~ , :I, , , .
. FiII in the bJanks wi! h suitabIe verbs:
.. . . - ... . -
... ll1l . - ... . -
... . - ... .
... .

244
 GRAMMAR

rREDICATIVE (3. .\ EJl f It )

pr edicaHve is word ( , djtiv , nume ral, ) which
completes the meaning of the referring back 10 the subjec t
the d irec l ob ject. It is 1 an swe r to the question s 1((11(8. , '/ iJ/l,
used with the predica le.
Attribute Predi c ati v e
".~ il .'1
. ( 8 ?) . ( n
?)

predicative stan ds usually after the ili verb . 1I

al50 connected with other Iransitive inlransitive verbs like: ,
U!Jl., li. , Q8.lt , ocmasa,ll. u, .
, (', 8li.. u.,u , etc.
1. Predic ali v e r e f erring 10 the s u bjt'cl.
Examples:
v .
.
.
.
.'1.
.

2. P redic ative refe rr ing ' th e direc t ub ject.

Examples:
.
.
The predicative a!so Ilsed with preposit iol15.
Examples:
lI .
.
\80 .
t: .
N t . The predicative agrees usua!ly \\,j{h !he subject or the direct
objec t in gender a nd number.
Examples :
.
.

Remember
.
u t: .

24:>
 Uses wlth ArtlCles

predicative referring to the subject is very rarely used with the

r
<l eHnite article. If the predicative is in masculine gender, it takes
the fuH artic!e.
Examrl~: .
I
If the predicative has attribute, it is the attr ibute that takes the . "
artic!e.

Examples: -
hau-!Jm . ~eHCTBO. .
,- . 50 ,
Tlle predicative use d in polite forms: .
15,30 . [4 ,
..1 ?
.
-1 ,
.
.

. .
d , tl .
.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES .
15 .
1. F in t he bIanks witli sultabIe predlcatives: . , .
.... - n . ,
.... - .... - .... - , rll
3.1 .... - '" . - .... - .
.... - .... - .
1944 . .... - 3J] .... - .
, , .... - .... . , . .
, .
2. Put the predicatives '" agreement with the nouns which they quaJify .1 .
() . - - --! !
(). - (). - , , . .
( ) . - ( 1: .
). - ( ). - (
). - (J). 1: 1.
3. Make sentences with the fol1ow ing verbs: . .
. .
, , .
Use predicatives re ferrlng to the subject. Notes the Text
4. Make sentences wlth the followlng verbs: 1. (D ). - football match
, , . takes 1.
2. . - expect wilh interest.
. . - make one's way.
4. . - scare goal.
5. . - score equaJizer.
6. (1: 1). - score was aJl.

246 247
 lltms Generalizingponoun s areu sed i d d t 1 d ad j t i v 1)'
}1 tt
(before nouns).

Additional Vocahulary Used idd tl

: .'J , .l60, . , ,
, , , , , . , ,
Jl, Jl (Jl . .l ), , , . .
; ~, , . .lIm .
: , , , , , , .
....
?
( ) ; .
.
oild .
EXERCISES

1. sw the fOllowlng questlOns:
.
, R ?
1. 2. -
? 3. ? .
11. Oescrlbe the traff!c '" the streets the day 01 football match.
111. Wrlte IS . ... f(/iZll.
'. Fid g t ' /
words the followlng words and use them se ntences.
l. n:Q_8__~~ .
, , , , , .

ORAMMAR The gene ralizing ru , used independent1y o nly for persons.

has the form when used s direct ob jec t and the fotm preposl-
OENERALIZING PRONOUNS tl + when used as indirec t ob ject.
Forma tlon Examples:
.
Generalizing ptonouns are fo rmed m n s f in t r r g t i v
.
pron ouns an d the partic! es - or -.
.
Singular P!ura!
masc.,lem., Note
mascu line feminine ! neuter
neut. GeneraJizing pronouns t k n r t i I s. Neither do the nouns
For pe rsons -' 1 BCI'IKO . \\'hich stand them.
an9.. , 9,~j.~.~~.~
i ( ) ( ) ..1 ( ') ( )
Stress
! for
r ss
.it~~;~~rtion + I[ The stress 01 the genctaJizing
syllabIe.
ru s fal ls always tJ1e first
/
l fo r
objects I 11.
( PAST PERFECT TENSE)

For qu
i ." l' 1..
1. Fmtl

is formed means of
For quantity of the verb : plus

of the main .
------- - - - --
248 24~
 ~ Examples;
, 1 .
i i Posilive I I .
Interroga tive
1 I .
: sing. 1 I . (-, -) ( - , -) ! I ?
I 2 ' . (-, - ) (-, -)
N t . Adverbs some other \.\'ords inserted t wn
3 . ( -, -) ( -, -) the a uxiliary and the participle.

i PI". J21 . Examples:

. l j .
3 . .'I I l .
I
3. Usage
i I Negative N ega t ive In t roga ti
1 1
. denotes n t i n .l t . d
i Sing. 1 . (-, -)
(-, -) befoct anothe r action moment in the p 'a s t, WhlCh IS
2 . (-, -) n t i n d r i I i d. result 01 the affects that past
! 3 . "'
(-, -)

(-, -)
(-, -)
moment.
It corresponds to the Past Perlect Tense.
Plur. 1 . "
2 . I Action complete d at
definite mOll1ent in {
Action completed before
another action moment
3 . ~.~ ____ _1 past in the past which is -
.--'-- tid implied
( ) (ll )
N t . When 5entenc'e 115 two verbs in
BpeM~ the u ! of the second ve rb-form is omitted. . .
.
Examples:
.
. . ,
u (: ~ , . .

used instead o f
in subordinate clauses the past tense ! {
2. Word Order verbs , ic., , 6i1. to denote aclions
completed before tJ1e in the main clause.
) u .!! stands usualJy f r th r t i- Examples:
c ,i p I . .
Exanples: , { ~.
) . GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I I . J. f In the bIanks wlth generalizing pronouns:
... (?) lJ. -
) short for ms of the personal pconouns, the reflexi ve ~ "' ... ( ?). - ... (?) . - ...
, Cll and the interrogltive particle A!l stand t w n t h u 1- (?) . -
liary and tlle participle.
(?) . - ... (?)
. - .,. (?) ~. - ...

250 251
 - , , .
(?) . - ... (?) .
. - II ... ( ?) . . .

2. Wrlte th e verbs In brackets In a nd replace . . .

the nouns In bold type wlth personal pronouns: ! . , .
: ~ , 6!
( ) . - ()
II !~
JJ H~pO. - ( ) .
, , .
( ) . - () . -
"', .
( ) ?
- :
Example.- ( ) . - JJ. - , . .
. Put the verbs In brackets in JL : , .
, - -
. ( ). - u , - .
. () . -
II , :
. () . -
- - , , ?
. () . - . () - , - . -
r. - . ( ).
. , , ,
Example .' ll . ( ). - H~ . , . 11
!!. . , .
4. the f1l 0wlg palrs 01 s t s mea ns of the conjunctlor. - , , ! - . -
Kozll m o. Put 01 the verbs In JL : , . ;
J1 .~ . , .
. .
113 . . r \' r : .
..... 3 . I .
. i' . Notes thc Text
ri ,1 . .
'. f:j. - righ t.
Exaple.- , . 2. .,. -
It 50 I l1 d.
5. Wrlte two senlences u s ig . Make t hem inte 3. - . - It was getting dark.
r ogative and negalive. 4. . - shout oneself hoarse.
5. . - .- d 't sk us.
6. . - That is to say.

EXE~C I SE

.10 ll [he story accordlng 10 the following plan:

lll 1. .

ll
2. ,i .

GRAMMAR
1. 3 (TI IE INDI R:ECT I N[)JCAlVE )
(H a p iH . Ha IIil)
il ll II is d WIJiCII deTlOtes t l t tJ1C sp~aker
. reports w h a t s m e l s e 11as s aid.
: ]] tenses have forms in lt lIJl tt .
- , ! is used i l1 l i I Jl t d
- , - . - , .
?

25.1
252
 11. AND . d lI .'10 and

33
Indicative Mood ~
1. Formatlon
( . ' -
) 3llll is formed )' . .) . .
ms of of the u verb . d , l< (. . . ), , , il M
of the main verb. .
) tt is formed (IIII. . .).
s of of the COJt and II3 (. . .) TeC.lJaTa
of the main verb. , .
N t . 3J10 JJO i5 formed means (. . .), ( MIIII.
of ttle stem of plu s the 5 -. It changes . .) .
J gender and number as .
Exaples: speaker use I 10 ! . !1,
performed himself, if 11 reports whal another person has sd aboul 11.
- - r, -, -, -11
- - , -, -, Examples:
, ':: .

m, qe .
and 3:l3 -
llll used:
Sing. 1 . (-, -) Plur. 1 . ]) in rdir speech (in the cases tid);
2 . (- , -) :1 . 2) ill stories and lgds;
3 . (-_ -) 3 . 3) 111 tlli g historica! evenl5 (l wilnessed Ihe speaker).

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Turn 811 the P8st Tenses wh!ch are in in the
story JfetJ()AR it the rrs di g Past ss Indlcative Mood.
" .'10 2. Tell folk-ta le from your utr.

Sillg. 1 . .~ (-3, -) o6pe~,('3, -)

2 _ .'t (-, -) (-3, - )

3 . (-, - ) " (-3, - )

Plur. ] . r-Il
2 . Jllf
3 .

_.L _ ____ ... ____ _ _

N t . The form s and {! the rd pers. sing. and plur. of the

verb ac~ omittfd in .<1Q.
~ I''1 ....:")

2. Usage II 3JI, ;"I 1.'

ll d .~
always used , .
in .lJ to denote that the s peaker ha s ! lI 11 681
wilnessed the action. 6' ll .

254 255
 - ,
7. . -
to struggle.
ll .
8. . - ctush ui sig.
- IIO
9. . . . - declate wat 0 11
.
10. ... - With ' help of ...
XIV .1l ,
11. . - win one's 1iberty.
. .
12. ... - 51art along the road 10 ...
, XVI
13. . - lake power it 's hand s.
.
XVIII
, . , Synonyms
. -
- --
il: . ..1- 6 -
.
- .
EXERCISES

. 1. Answer the foll owing questlons:
, ' 1. 'll ? 2.
, . -R ? .
. U ? 4. ?
. 5. ? 6.
1876 . . ? 7. -
. ? 8. ? 9.
1877 . . I ? 10.
1 ? 11.
J878 . u ? 12.
' t lIJJ } . 1923 .? 13.
189 1 . ? 14.
-lt lI ?
. ;1 (). 15. Ita 9 1944 ?
;1 !) .
11. Britf1y describe the history of your counlry.
.;l 111. FIIl in the blanks chooslng th e sultable s)' nonym: t. - ,w-4f"
1923 . HerOBl1 " .. _ oCHotJatJo"" uRtJ., - u,.dtJ",:
J3,.1.cibl . 20 .
I- .
. .. . ... . -
lJ 1944 . .'1 IJ . ... J1
.'l :! ~! . lI . 'D ... .
11 l .<1 : '. Jl . '.'
. IlapoAa.
I . Make sentences using the followlng phrases:
.\ 0{I1:; the Text . ... , ... , ,
... , .. .
1. ~.~ ... - Lend ,
2. ... ..:.. conclude l1 v.'ith
. D. - lll under the yoke 01 ...
4. . - struggle.
5. lJil lt ( ). - uisig breaks t: ....
break s out .
6. ... - Durittg.

256
257


USES OF PAS TENSES JN INDICATIVE D AND 33ti

WHEN OESCRIBINO HISTORICAL EVENTS

Histo rical events usually described means ! the past tenses

3Q .

Exampl~.- :t X1V . r~ " .
II . llit
Nt . Historical events also told i 3 l! .
. : , , ?
Example: I ~ XJV . . ?
: Aell, , , . '
Jil\1 .
.
Historical evenls told in the past tenses Indicative Mood in { ia
foll owing cases: .
1. When the speaker is trn r r of the historica! events w hich ( ) : , ,
describes. '( .II II 11
Example: 9 ] 944 I' . II ?
. l 3 l10 rl : . . , , "II
'l . 1'I, . l ,
. , , ll
2. When wellknown historical facts are told. ?
Example :, t I I . : . lI .
: ,
, -
GR:AMMAR: EXERCISE
l .
Put the verbs 1" the following tcxt '" their corrfspo"dlng past tenses Il r', .
: .
: , .1
~ ,
tt, lt R li
~ ?II ~ . ~
n ,
. t1 .
3-4 Jl . .
:. , , ?
. , KoeT~
PaK~: lIe .
l~ , .
: . 'I , 1I
.
: , , 11
. lIe !

1. AND 33
1. FormatiOn
) The forms of llll are identical
with the forms o f lI ~ ,

258 259
 i.. they formed : s of of the ui
' and ,ll of the i .
Remember that in the 3. d pers. sing. and plur. I forms and !
the .1' are omitted.
Exaples:

, , ;m I .
.

) li HaK~OH e liC is forrned lts of

:j HaKJlOHeHlle of { / ( . , il, respectively
{ { mascu "ine, feminine ,lI1d ncuter gende r singu/ar, and fo r
{ plural, plus IJpeMe of the ,!!) pll1S the con junction
and of the main .
Examples:
.
_,! BOAlt .

negative ! II lt is fd
means of the negativc f l ff. for ll persons sing. altd plu r., plus
tlle conj unction da and r' ! the main vcrb.
Exaple:

, , ?

z 8pe.lfe nu

Sing. 1 . ( - , -) Plur. 1 . "

2 . (., -) " 2 .

3 . ( -, -) 3 .

--
8pe,li.e nu
--
Positive Negative
1

I
Sing 1 . (-, - ) '
2 . (-, -) u

3 . (- , - )

I
Plur. 1 .
2 .
fl 3 U
3 .

-------- 261
260
 2. Usage . , .
The llse of . and is . BeLJepHO .
not obIigatory. Jf the speaker believes { ! what reports is tru e, . ,
use Indicative Mood. . .
and II < ust used LJ ,
in { foHowing ss: IJl'I, .
) express doubt as 10 the t ru th of th e st atement. LJ3 . ll ll
. .
Examples .-
. .
. ( , .)
.
, - .. Cl ? ( ,
.
.)
.
) express irony. .
Exarnple .- . LJ .
! .

N t . '" subordinate clauses verbs in and

not used in . Notes the !
Examples .- ]. ( ). - v,'atch with interest
, . (excitement).
,~, . 2. H1Ic. - 1 back .

GRAMMAR EXERCI SE Additional Vocabulary

Retell the text 85 8 5tory have heard from sm else: : , , LJ ,
KpYMLJO LJ LJ , , , LJ ;
. l'I , , , , .
. 6-
. oCTl'IHe , ,
. 1 611 ,
EXERCISES
. . 1. Answer the following questions:
. Kaf!~c Jl allofl 1. " ? 2.
? 3. ? 4. ? 5.
!
06LJ .'I ? ?

11. m the following nouns with sultabIe 8djectives 8d make sentenres
wlth them :
~('8 :--' , , , , .

. Make sentences with the follow !ng words and phra5es :

, , ... , LJ .

I\Ii "
il . .
~HTepec f: }.
' . 8
" MOCKBa~ . BeLJe .

262 263
 ORAMMAR f) f n d i t i . They answer to tlle question
u.
ADVERBJAL MODIFIER - ADVERlAL \VOROS AND PHRASES j Example: . t ll
(EJI t ) ?}
g) Of quantity and deg r ee. They allswer to the ques
adverbla! modifiers either adverb tion ( ).
Q" with pre p osit ion. Nounswithout prepositions r
rarely used as ad verblaI m odrs. Example: . (6 ,
?)
Examples :
. ) Of comment .
. Exaples:
.
inds of adverblal m d r s
.
I f 1 . answe r to { questions , m,
.
:.
Examples: N t . If the adverblal nodifier is suli it takes the
short article.
. ( ?)
,lI . ( ?) Example: .
IJ .110 II. ( ?) .
. ( ?)

) f t i m . They answer to the question s , m), . GRAMMAR EXERCJSES

Examples: 1. Underline t he adverb!al modiflers and put queslions 10 them:
. ( ?)
. - .
. ( ?)
tl. -
Ji . ( -
. - . ~
?) . - . -
) f m n . They a nswec to the question . . -
Examples: . - t .
. ( ?) 2 5tate what words used as adverb!al modiflers in the follow ing sen-
. ( ?) tences and underllne them:
. ( ?)
w . -
d) f u 5 . The y answee to the question ( . - 6 . - .
). . - w .
. - . -
Examples:
.
.
( ?) . Fil1 fn the bIanks with adverbIal modffl! which answers to the
. (, questlons in brackets:
?) ... ( ?). - .. . (?)
. ( ?) ? - . ..( ?) . - .. .
) f u s . They answee to the question ( - ( ?). - ... ( ?).-
). ... (6 ?). - ... ( ?).
Examples:
. (, ?)
it. . ( ?)
 I
EXERCISES
1. Learn the conversation d " ,,".
~ 1!
11. Tell about your irnprcsslons ' fllm.
~ n

ORAAlMAR

1. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
fI 11 : ), ~ a p 11 -
tl~ ? 1. form a tion
: . , . The indefinite prOIlOUI1S for med m n s f t h t i 1 s
11 : il ? - or - plus the int c rrogative us.
11 : .
] . J::ro
. Singu lar Plural
II: ?
<1: . .
.
8~ masculille fiiI l1eutee
masc., {.,
neut.
: 1::, K.1IK! . .
? i ~ IIJ'tKO~ HHl<oe
For persons
11 : 30 . .
and objects

't.
- BC'lep, . ! OnJy fOT
, . preposition +
persons
- ? ?
- , 110 -
1l: .
For objccts
- ?
- . I , <l - and l1ils
.
-
-
?
<, . . 3 .
For quality HHKal<Ba I I l<

.
- , lll. For quantity
- , .
Idfiit U $ are formed also l11 s of the i t r g t i v
Notes t!le Text and thc particl cs . , . These particles se rve
to k the object even indefinite, though we speak about
1. 1l:. - We sold out. we!l kll.' object. The particle sometimes gi ves touch irony.
2. ~ ~ oTl<yneHo . - AII the tickets have
bought ( organ izationJ. Examples:
. ! - There's nothing to done. .
4. Kal<Ba ll Il ! - What p!easant surpeise. I< .
5. . - It makes ( deep) im ssi . - .
. ... - : go and see somebody. ill.
. .'1. " .

265 267
 2. Usage

Jndefinite pronouns used i n d n d n t I and d j t- Singu\ar Plural
iv I (when used with nouns).
---
masc., fem.,
masculine feminine neuter
Independent use Adjectival use I I neut.

. .
I:I
For persons
and obje cts I I
.

I .. I
,
. pnly for
. preposition +
persons
.
? . .... .....
For obje cts
? and anim als
II . ....... . .........
II ?

----~~-------------
. For qua\ ity
I I I


indefinite l1 for masculine gender used, indepel1del1t1y For quan
only for persons, has the form for the direct object and the fo rm 1 --
p repositio n p] us for the indirect object.
ExaplfS: 2. Usage
. Negative pronouns used on l y wit h negative verbs.
? Negative pronouns used i nd nd n t Iy and adj ct-
. iv ] (w h used with nouns).

Stres s
Independent use Adjectival use
stress of the indefinite pronouns falls always the first syllable . - -------- -----
Exaples: , , .
n .
.

11. NEOAlVE PRONOUNS ' .

1. Forma ti o n .

Negative pronouns focmed mea n s of the part i cle
.
p l us { interrogat i ve pronou n s.
.
.
Tea~
.

268
I
_____________~~____________~~~.~=~~~~======~===__._-____~

269
 The negative ru for masculine gender ,", , used independentJy ;... . (?) - u ... . (?) -
J for persons, has the form ,", fo r the direct object and the form ... . ( ?) - .. .
preposition plus ,", for the indirect object. . ( ? ) - ... . (?) -
, .... (.?) - : .... (
Examples: ?) - ... . (?) - ...
",", . . (?)
"",",. 4. Replace the demonstratlve pronouns negatlve pronouns:
,",. () . - () .
() . - ( ) .
tl ( ) . - ()
3. Uses with the DefinJte Article . - ( ) . -
() .
The idfiit and gt i v u s used with the d
art icle. The \\'hich they qua1ify does l take articJe either. Example: () . -
5. Answer the questlons uslng negative and Indeflnlte pronouns:
Stress ? - ?
? - j ?
The stress of negative pronoun s faJl s al\\'ays the fir st syllabJe . ? - ? -
Examples: , , . ?

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1-. Fi ll '" the bJanks wlth indeflnlte pronou ns which are answers to the
questlons '" brackets:

... li . (?)
... r ? (?) -
... . ( ?) -- .. . -1 -

. (?) - " "
.. ' . (?) - ... ? (
?) - . .. . (?) -
, ,' " . (?) - ... .
;, ?) - ... . (?) - , .
... . ( ?) - ... ? ( ?) --,. .
... . (?) .- .
, ..
. . ( ?) - .
, ... ? (?) - ... -
~ MOC K Ba". (?) - ... " (
.
?) - ~ ----, --- !
- , ---! - .
2. F in t t,e bJanks with Indefinite pronouns using Ihe parlicles , , ~
' . r .
... . - . . . , , .
. - , ... . ~ ,
... - ... . ! . .
... . - ... . , , ,
. FIII in the bJanks with negative pronouns which answers to the ques- . , , n}] .
tions in brackets : - , ,
... . (?) - ... , , .
. (?) - ... . (?) - .

270 27\
 111. Find cognate verbs ' the followlng word s and use them I sentences:
. "
.08 . , , , , , .
. '. Make sentences uslng expresslons from the "otes the teJ:t.
-, , ? -
'. - ?
- - . GRAMMAR
, .
. SI10NL PHRASES ( )
Secondary parts ! sellle l1ce w h j 11 <1111 I i f t 11 11 i n g
. of ~I word i sentence are known as appositiona! phrase s.
30 . are al\vay:- separated from the r('~t of the sentcnce slight pause.
.
Examples ."
q, ,
, - . -
l <1 , ll .
, lI I{ , illl
. .
. . .
, -. sl phrases Inore exp ressivc 1113 11 attributes.
J! . ,
Examples ."
. tlO
, . Attributive Use sitil P!lrase
JI . . ..
, ll
. .
.
- ? - .
'JJ. : , Appositional phrasts t1riuts, appositiofls or adverblal
, ... difirs.
, !!
ll, , Ile .
Jl .'"
ApposUiopaL phrascs . attributes
Examples ."
,votes the '
I.'I II , ..
1. ll . - The light is swallowed up , , m'l .
in the darkness. Such appositional phrases are separated meal1s of commas and
2. . - Jt's all the same to . t used with the definite article.
. . - sg g out.
4. ! - Damned making. SQfll pltrascs - appositions
Synonys
ExampLc." , , 1I , ~n .
1:. -
Such s ! hss separated s of the fol!owing
- -
lltuti marks:
- tl -
) s of II1:.1S.
Example.- il- , If , m
EXERCISES
.
1. Describe the scene r('lund Ihe f!re . ) m s of l n - wh rtig.
11. Answer the foll owing qusll!;:
Example: lI :
1. ?
u, , r.
2. . it? .
. ?
273
272
 ) means 01 iJ r J1 t h s 5 - when additiollCll information 2. Replact the attrlbutes in bold type appositional phrases :
is given. 113. ~
Exomple: r II (n . _ . - :Jf
II). .. - ?
KpaC~Ba . - ~Tpe ("1,I1
Apposltlonal phrases - adverbial odi/lers li.
. Replace the sl phrases allr ibutes. atlention 10 Ihe use
If in selltence there are two successive adverblal modificrs 01 ti nlt
or of place, 01 th usua lly becomes appositional phrase. 01 the dellnlte artlcle:
.1ll, l' '1<1 1)0. - .
Examples: , " . - ~ilfl . ~iJ<! lj.
,. , . - .l, ll, ceA'ta I1 II .
. ;), I l ".~ .'\ltO.
., , lI , , , ll .
.
4_ Make sentences \\, the lltwig ~' o r ds using Ihe m a ~ appositlona l
used as iJdverblal modifiers always tl appositional phrases:
phrases. , ,!, .l, IIll, f:.
Exaple: ll , .
Nt . Adverblal nlOdifiers are separated commas.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. State what klnd 01 appositlonal phrases are used
tences, underllne ' nd put the necessary commas:
/ the lollowlng sen
C.nt!
(JI -
I

..)

n .
: , , . . U Bf.TA
.
. n f 110 t:I
. il . . i't'r cf-.'IC
. ;'.
_ .. - .
. 113 11
'ta , , , , .
. CT:'IP;!
. II
. !! J:: HO
- , ! - ... - ! .
_-- - ,
. !
" . uii - ,
- CII. t:HbO -
u , " . It
(: !
110 . . Jl II .

274 275
 , Bc il<IKO -/-;
,'1 lI .
- , - , . il -
. , , !
. , ~? Jl .1llt;II
, 11 .
tHbO .1 ( m, , N otes t hf! Text
;! . , 110 rr I il .
- MHOro . ]. . Dusk is fg.
-- f"I , , . 2. . - archaic grt.'e til1g cq uival ellt to ' "God
.l 11 il . ess you".
- , . . .- legs giv e way under .
', - lISiKOrO . , 4. .
build nest.
-
! [. 5. . - 10se courage.
- , IJ? . 6. () ... - one's $ .... , .
- , .
l[ II , Synonyms
:\ <1. J3 . CpilM .
:.tt' ? Il - J! -- {: II t" - :1<l
- , l< - i rJ:I, . - ll - :\1

. - - - flil -
- ,1? - . - ;; , . " -
l . 1., ,
. . Addltional Vocabu/ary
, , .
, , .
. . ... SI . ~
. , .
.~ ? ;).
, . EXERCISES
.
1. Re tell th e text according to the f110wiR l:
ll ,
. 1. .
Kaf\BO ? ( 2. tHbO.
.~ , , 3. .. .
UlII1 . 4. .
, .
11. Describe Tsveta.
~llhO! , (, !
111. FiII i th e ks wit h s ultabIe ve rbs:
, .
. . .'. . -
() '!i . , .... - .
. - , .. . .

ORAMMAR

COMPOUND SENTENCE. COPULATIVE CONJUNCJONS (CONlN UED)
".1. , ,
clauses within the compound sen tel1ce copulative, disjunct-
II " .
J , II
Ive or adversative independent cJauses.
11 .1 .
27 i
216
 1. The Copulatlve Compound St 3. The Adversatlve Compound Sentence (Showlng Contrast)
: independent c[;;u s('!' wHhin the c?pu[ative compoul1d sentences independent clauses in adversative compound sente nces express
e](press simultaneous s usu~t ts. . actions which opposed { t h r .
The independent c[auses 1~ld. together I two. w~y s ; w ithou~ The iddt clau ses , joined togetlICr means of the
njur. ctio !1S or s of the JutlS ; - ; ,I( - ". ju tis , , , , n', , .
- ; : .
Examples .- --------
Examples:


-
,
COtltra~linl! acHol1s
, ," follows R .
. other (susq ut
ac tions) , =
II .
u 1:..'1-
- =
, rl ~Hu e . , 1 aJl =
~======(,=o="oq
~"=ia=I)======~
.

l .
,
.1
=

( colloquia1)
=
i { af-
!! 06'<1 , = m clause is
. , .
(colloquial) strong[y opposed to {
in the negative
clause
2. The DlsJutlv Compound Sentence
The independent clauses wHhin the disjunctive compound sentences =
, The actiol1s par tly
may express subseque nt, mutualJy exc lusive actions.
. opposed
The jndependent cla ~ ses . ioine~ togetller . .means. 01 . the
'junctions . u..ti - lIII, - . - u, - , xe.w - .
Exaples .- ORAMMAR EXERCISES
If-
}' 16 , 1. FIII In the bIanks with sullabIe copu:at lve conJuncllons and s upply Ihc
Mutually exclu sive
. necessary :
actions
... I::I'bO 11 . -
Jl ... . - .
;.I Cllpe, ?
-
Expressing hesitation J KOri:l. .'1 l
? - n
...
...
ll
;] nor.'leAHe?
n ,
~ = - --1 .
. -
- f:HO

l ... . -
/' .l
... ...
....
... Jl~ I::HO ..

cIJ HKaTa
,
h.
I
~
- J
=S="==",=q=,,-===t==,=t:::i==S=--.
. - i
. -
. . . I)? -
...
.. .
... ..:
Ite ...

... 6 ? - ... -

-
. .. 80 ~ . -: ...
. Simultaneous actions ... ... . - ct Jlll 1) ... IJ-
ll.
-------'
278 279
 2. Joln the palrs of sentences Into compound senfences lI1eans 01 suitabJe
conjunctlons : , .
. . .1, .
. - . . ,
. - . . .
. . . t) I
? ? - . .
. . - .
. . .
. D . - - , ! - .
. . , , .
Example: " . . .
. - , ( , 110) . .
. .
. Make compound sentences uslng the following verbs: - ! -:- , .~a
. - . .
, , I1~ . - ~1 , ,
!
. - , . - , II, .
. il t< :
4. State the klnd 01 compound sentences '" the following text. Underllne the
conjunctions insert commas where necessar}' : . ,
.

!-
. 110 . 3.131\01l
. t ( .
- ! - .'l . - Notes lhe Text
!
. 1. . - lie in prison.
.1 . 2. . - sentence to death.
r I{ 3. . - ~u fler defeat after
. . defeat.
? , . 4. ... - inflict blow ...
~ ! - . 5. h. ~ This was the end (i. . he \vas going to die).
,\1:1/"TI1IIOII . . - go { one's death.

EXERCISES
1. Answer the f~l1owing questlons:

1. ? 2.
? . ?

4. ?
11. Describe how Borls was taken out ! prlson.
111. Descrlbe Borl5' character.

I. Make sentences uslng the expresslons from the notes the text.
1 .
.
l' ,
. .

280
281

ORAMMAR
( FUTURE IN PAST TENSE) Positi ve Interrogal ive

1. formatlon
Sing. ..1
has compound form s. It is formed
of 01 the auxiliary yec~ (. . .. )
plus the particle and of the m . .
i



negative is formed 01 , for ll st?s sguJr PJur.
and plu ral, plus the partic le and of the ml .


Auxiliary Ve r b

Interrogative N~ative Negat iye-Interrogative

.... ...............

( )

I
Sing. ( .
)
( ) (
) ~ ",
f
( ) (
)
I
I

t
t
Plur. ( )
)
(
-------
( ) ( 2. Word Order
)
( ) ( in!errogative l stands befo r e the p a rt ic l e .
) Tlle short case fo rms of t he pe rsonal pronoul1s and Ihe reflexive
pronouns , stand after th e pa rt i c l e .
Negative Nega ti -I t r roga t i Examplt!s:
(
I .
I
Sing. (
) ) I "' .
( (
)
l.I.( I I ?
)
( ) m! (
)
3. Usage

P!ur. ( ~ ( I! denote s l1 ac t ion ill the past

) ) wh ich h ad taken l afte c another n l il1 the pas t .
' ( )J 6 ( It corresponds to the El1glish Future in the Pasl.
) J1 ) past ! expressed means of in tlle past
m't ( ( - tense ( , , )
) ) _ I implied.

283
282
 A c ti o n co m p l e t ed t t i in t h e p rust w hi c h h ad
d e f in i te m o m en t in th e take n pla ce aft e r d e finit e 3. the brackets and put the verbs 1" ".I1 :
st t i t h e p as t
U .
l (l> ) *1 flCT ~lI l1e. -
II i':l .
. . () . - . (
Il . ) .
. 4. hg the verbs 1" ceraWHo into 8 alld
. ( verbs i" /l Into 6 :

. . ".I .
(OI ) i'l . ? KO~1O lI fl ?
:vl.
6l1 . . .
ComparisofJ between 8. and 8. , 31'1 ll.
8 . ll rl il..
iio . Kap1ic llali o li
Exaples:
S. Wrlte composltion et>m. fl.f>m jtJaHe .
(. .) 5 ""h
. (. .).
( . . .) 5 IJ
. (. . ) .

I< 3 (. . ) l\. (. .)
. .

( . I npe",i paT (. .
( )

. .) . ) Jl . ll
( )

u is al50 u5ed to d t t i 11
,,' h i ch could have p e r formed bu t ....' 5 n o t. Jl
Exaples:
1944 . .'1
, ( ).
. ." .
, il.
( ).
.

G ~ A MMAR EXERCISES

1. Mak~ the followlng sen te nc~s interrogative ::! ~gti v :

ceJlo. -
. - . -
. - .

2. Replace the words ' bold type with persona\ pronouns:

. - }(. _
. -
.

284 ,it r

285
 Addilional VQcabulary
, l<lI , ~
, t! , .
. l< .
.

EXERCISES
1. Answer the following questions:
1. u 8 ?
2. ? 3. ? 4.
? 5. ? 6. np~
?
11. Tell about ronstrur-tlon work in countTY

ORAMMAR
1. REL AlVE PRONOUNS (CONTJNUED)
---1
SinguJa r PJuraJ
,lNllll.1
Denoting
-~a~c ~~e 1 feminin~-~ uter masc., fem., neut.
. D : ~ . , "6l' ~
" , n ~ , " .'I
~~----!-I----+---+- ---'-- - _. ~
.;l ~ .
,
quality I

. R "prloBe
.
ssssi
MHOI'O .
. ,
~I' , IIl:l tW . quantity
" " OJl , .. -1
Jl . 6
. I'R "".
11. ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE (CONTJNUED)
ll
~\ <t . Attributive clauses connected with the main clause s
I il. 01 relative pronouns used as con junctiuns: , , ,
Il, .
, , . relative u agrees i gd and Witt1
6 6 l< the word which it qualifies in tl1e main clause.
11 .
Examples:
"" , r<
Notes 0 11 the Text . ( ?)
, . ( ?)
i, . (I< ?)
l ( ). - Heavy industry.
~AO, '. ( ?)

286 287
 . ( ?) ... Jl . (
u , J\ , 7) - .. . .
, . ( ?) {?) -

relative pronoun agrees in gender and number \\' HH~ ... lt . ( 1)
\vord which it precedes in the subordinate clause. 2. m the palrs of sentences m klg them complex st s wlth
Examples: ,attrlbutlve clauses:
, ' lJt l l? .
.'1, z. . - . . - 1923
("m1 . .
I il ~I1LIII ", . . . - .
R ll:nir. . . . - J::HbO 110 .
, .lfuuill . . - .
. - .
Remember .
Example: .
. f ,
. - , J1.
m ((l1 ~ t(
. l1 l sentences wlth atlributlve clauses from the followlng
. ( .
text and underline the conjunctions:
, .
The pronoun I( does ! change. . . ,
Examples: . .
, ) . 6 , ,
, . ' .
- t, ! - ,
Replaclng of Attributive CJauses Appositlonal Phrases - .
., ,
Attributive clauses rep]aced apposilional phrases. . ,
Examples: . J:: .
- - Jl ,
At tri bu ti ve C!au s e APP05itiona! Phra se
- .
'" , I , . . ,
8 ' , .
. . .
, , - , . -
-
k ,
.
-
I -



.1 ,
.
. .
- J::, , .
.

-

.
,

!:. . ,

u5illg s l phrases in5tead of attributi ve claU5es
.
tion i5 avoided <l d terseness of s tyle is achieved.
4. Replace the apposltiunal phrases attributive clauses:
GRAMMAR EXERCISES , , .
. , , - ,
1. FIJI in the bIanks Witll suitabIe relative pronouns which answers to
the questions in brackets. Insert the necessary commas: . - t HbO, J\ ,
;. - , , !(, .
.. . ( ?). -
... ( ?). - 6

88 289
 ORAMMAR
1. ( FUTURE PERFECT TENSE)
.II
_.
1. formation
is form ed means of
of the u verb and ,1
of the main .
- . .
,

.
2c:IO-HaTa ?
20-30 . , Positive I
Interrogative
, . .
'
~--- -- -:- '

-------
. it . Sing. 1 . , -, - ( .'I )
( , -, -)
, ~CBeTa . JJ f:
!( 2 . , -, -
( - , -) ( )
. , ,
t!. . 3 . , -, - Jl ')
( , -, - ' ( Jl
. Plur. J . Jl Jl
. ( ) ( )
2- 3 - .
2 . ,,1
( .II ) ( )
N ote the Text
. - devo te oneself to work. . .... . . t. .~. .~:.J~~. ~~~~.~~~~~.~~~.~~~~~ . . . ~<~~~~~~~~!.~~~~O~~~. . . . ..
II ..

Negative Nega tive-!nlerrogative

Additlonal Vocablary ..... .. ............
....... ................
, , , , . I
S ing. 1 . , -,-
, . ( , -,-) ( )
, , , , .
2 . , -, -
( , -, -) ( .!! )
EXERCISES . , -,-
3
1. Answer the following questlons; ( , -,-) ( )

_ ~
?
1. 2. Plur. 1
20- 30 ? ( ) ( )

2 . Jl
11. Flnd cognate words ,:
( ) ( )
, , , , , , ..
3 .
.
( ) ( )
Use the e][press!ons in sentences.

29 1
290
 2. Word Order
l ssig- certainty:
The short for ms of the personal pronouns and the repexive ~ . , , ,
nouns . std tw the auxiliary and t h e , etc.
r t i i I i . l in the 3rd pers.
sing. they s td tw and the auxiJiary .
Exarnples: Exp re~s in g persona l opinion
I I I I that of someone else:
, ,
.
. , ,

etc.
I I .
I I .

, .!..:..:.1 ~
Expressing train of thought :
, eAHi
, , ,
. , , ,
, ,
tl.
.
. Usage
dts f u t u r t i w h i h
, Drawing conclu~ions:
wil l cOll1p]eted gi v future momel1t. YIle resu lt of
tlle action affects that fu ture t. , i 6<I , , ,
. , etc.
Jt rrsds to the EngJish Futu re Pe rfect Tense.
Examples:
comp l eted at Action wil l
{!
Punctuation
given futu r e moment pl eted given futu r e Parenthetica! words d expressions usually separated from the
moment other pa rts of the ser.tence commas.
The fol1owing parenthetical words and expressions are t separated
( ) ( Jl~ ) commas: . cliZYPHO, , . nU., ,
20- 30 ti, ,, Jt , etc.
. . Examples:
17 17

.

.
. . Jl .
.
-
. .
ORAMMAR EXERCJSES

11. PARENT H E fCAL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 1. Put the verbs 1" brackets 1" Il " :

Examples: () , . -
ssig feelings: () , . - "
, . , , ( ) lt ' ()
f\ .
() , etc. . - , (
), ( ) . -
fl, ( ) . - 10
Expressing suggestion: () () . - 2
. . , , - ( ) ( ) . - () -
, , etc.
292 293
 -.
t' All . -
8 .
1 , ( ).
.
2. Make tfte foIlowlng sentences Interrogatl\le and gtl\l: . !

. J ~ , .
Jl.
, . - ' ,
- . .
- , ,
3J) .
. .
3. Replace the words 1" bold type personal p:-onouns: - - - . -
2- 3 .. ? ,
. - ... .
. - )l ~ ? - , ! - ,
, - . , ['0 .
4. Write composition C'tIM nz /0 . Use . '
\lerbs in . . ' - , -
5. Use the following parentl1etical words and expressions in sentence': . ,
, .
, , , , ,
_. - , -
, .
.
6. Supply the following sentences wlth suitabIe thtll words d J.1a - , - :\! .
expressions: - , . J
2- 3 - -. - - , .
. - . - - ? ? . .
. - . - .
)' . - .IJ . :
, ... .
.
. 88

I -
_ ~.
I 1. . -
Notes the Text
look s.o. d down.
2. . - l point of laughing.
3. . - laugh out loud.
4. . - Take .

, ~ll. ,
EXERCISES
. '~ ,
? 1. Retell the text according to the followlng l:
)f, .
. -
]. .
2. .
, .
. , 11. Retell the \lstl between Shlbil1 and Rada.
. . 111. Mak~ . descriptlon 01 Rada.
: , , .
! ? ,
?

294 295
 \
ORAMMAR GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Rete11 the story l .ftopl uslng: ) B~lIII e.
TENSE COMBINATIONS (1) ra .

1. Baslc ss

main tenses used wh telling story r
and . () . () .
() .
2. SuJmt ss () . ().
( ) . () 1
) Supplementary to rt the foll owing ( ) ,
tenses: , .
. () l:l ( ) .
) Supplementary 10 r: () .
and . ( ) , 1
Exaples: 2. l1 the story lJ. I .~Me ' u6u npuc~nu
nanpl.

, , I . , ll ,

{l 11
. "~eae.
. , , JlJI n
? ?
6 .~ it
. . Jl . ( ) _(
. . -
- "
, ,
. .
. tt . ll .
, ll l:l .
, . . 1 . nocTaBllxa
. . :
: : ~ , 21. IV. 1971 . 18
, , , . n;IaH.
, . ! ? .
! 3J13? ,
, ? . .
.'l?
.
-. - . 1. ll. . , .
.
2.
N t . ' conversation Jl used
.
.
together with .
l(
Exaple: - - tl3IJHKa - l:I. . ll.
: . , l:I

296 297
 . , . EXERCISES
Ng ] 2. ~
.
1. Make plan , the tex!. Relell the ! ! accordlng to your plan.
lI . 3, 11. Wrlte the mlnutes , meetlng uslng the following phrases:
ti. \ . , , ll ,
11 II . , , , ,
. . , lI , ,
ll re . fl
, , , ,
11 .
.
,
fl . GRR
20 .
~ p ~xa . OBJECT CLAUSE. CONJ UNCIONS (CONTINUED)
Interrogatlve Object Clau se (Idlt Questlon)
Notes the !
The interrogative object clause is indirect ques tion. It is inter-
1. . - Nearing ils end. rogative 1 in form. It i ~ joined ( the l i c1ause mea~s of the
2. . - report the fulf ilment interrogative ru s (, tJ, ), adverbs (K1Jt!e, , ,
cf t Ile 1. ) partic1es ( , it.).
. . - duti 1. Exaples,'
4. . - ]] meeting. .
5. . - Produ ction meeting. .
6. . - ttd is obI igato ry. . , Ire .
7. . .- meeting. .
8. . - Agenda. .
9. . - (Annual, thl) report. .
10. 8 . - Champion (in fulfig .
the 1 .) n .
11. ( ). - Criticise s.o. (o.s.). .
J 2. .. . - 5et one's hopes . .. -
13. ~ . - Disc ussions the repot. .
14. . - take the floor.
]5. . - Di s uss i s the report .
16. . - make rmdti s. 2. Posltlon of the Interrogat1ve Object Clause
17. 1l0 . - put info com.mission. interrogative obj ect clause stands usual1y f t r t h m i n
J 8. i . - close the t lg. 1 u s though it sometimes precede it.
Examples,'
Antonyms
.
II ( - r1 -- , .

Punctuatlon
Additional Vocabulay
interrogative object clause (indirect question) is not separated
, , , frOm the main clause means of commas.
, , , is witten only in th ~ following cases :
, , . ) separate list of illdirect ques tion s.
, . . Exaple,' ,
. . . . , .

298 299
 . ) idirt qusti rdig the mi clause.
, oi.. . ?
Example: , . . . .
question mark is writt only jf the main sentence is itrrgtiv .
Example." ? k .
,
. ~
OR:AMMAR: EXERCISES Allren
1. FIII I
the ks wlth sultabI e J utls:
... . _
. . . .
- .. .
. - . . . . _
~e . .... . _
... ? - ... "ll
. - " . , . -
. ... ? - ...
? - ... ?
II ... . - '" - ! - .
~ ? - ... , . .
. - ... . .
... tHbO.
, 8 .
2. Com plete the fOllowlng sentences wlth Interrogatlve object clauses: . ,
... . - ~ - , .
.... - .... - ... _ . :
lI .... - ... - - ? II? ll ?
II ... . - . .
. Example: l~ n ... . - 't . 'lJl ,
. .
. Make complex sentences uslng the fllwlg sentences as Interrogatlve - ?
obJec t cla uses : :
Koro . ~ ? - - . .
? - JI ? _ ?
Q ? - " - -
? II. - .
Example: ~~? - ' lI II? , - u
~ ~. , - H ~ P
Cl! ? , . , KOltO
4. Ud rll the object clauses 1" the followl"g text and state what klnd
they : ()II , IIOTII\
}( . J::TO M~ lIe .
JI - - 3JI . - lI
, . .
~ . . .
. : , i"l 01 k"lo,\{
~ . , , . Ill' {.
. , . . II ~
. . : . , 11 pbl"i-
. . . -
~HO II
. 'l ('

300
301
 Notes tne Text Examples:
. - . .
1. . - hold one's breath.
. , !~
2. . .. - fix one's eyes ...
~C ?"
. . - - o ain post.
4. ( ) . - long for freedom. No quotation marks used in dialogue focm. Dicect speech is
5. . - s.o.'s foll ower. written as new paragraph introd uced dash.
6. ... - to one's . 1. Direct speech is separated from the introductory words of the
7. Jl. - go to the gallows. author c olon.
8. I:1~JI ~ .. . .- ful one's duty to ... Example: : " , !"
. 9. -. . . 2. Direct spcech is separated dsh from the words of the
It IS lt to dle fo r freedom than Iive in bondage. author f.ollowing it .
Exaple: - ! .

EXERCISES . If the author's words inse rted into the direc t speech they
preceded and fo l low~d das h es. fuB stop
1. Retell the te xt rdlg to the fol1owlng l: following the fir st part of direct speech comes the author's wocds
1. . and before the second dash, while exclamation question mack
2. . comes before the author's \vord s and before the first dash.
. . . Examples:
11. Make characterlstlc of Levsky. ) - Beli -
. Make II$! of WOf"ds the tfe me < rvlutlr " . . - li .
'. Flnd sms for the f110wlg words: ..................... - - - = : - -
Dlrect speech Author's wo rds Direct 5peecll
. . . . , .
( author's wocd s omitted ; ..
Use tfem I sts.
.)

) - ? -- .
, -
?
1. DlRECT SPEECH ?
....... .. .......................... -
Woeds r ep oct e d the s peaker ( the writec) without Di rect speech Aulhor's words Direct speech
chang ing them constitute direct speech. . (Tb ~ author's words omitted: " ?
, ?~}
Examples:
) - ! - . - '
:
, .
- ?
:
-----;;=--:-=- !-
- . Dlrect speech Author's words Direcl speecll
Direct speech introduced the author's words which s td ( author's wo rds omitted : t:"I! '

before it, aftec it separate . . !)

Punctuatlon 11. INDlRECT SPEECH

Direct speech begins with ! letter and is put in quotation When tUf ig direct speech into indirect the author's words m
marks. the mi clause nd the direct speech becomes object clause.
quotation marks t ( end r put the punctuation of the joined together means of the ju t i . if the direct speech
sentence. is declarative exclamatory sentence. and means of the conjunctioO".
, if it is imperative st.
302 ~
 ORAMMAR EXERCISES
ind of 1. Supply the nece5sary punctuatlon mark5 '" the 10110wlng text :
Direct speech Indirect speech Conjunction
sentences
'II'
Decla rative - ,
,
. .
. ,'m .
..... ....... .. ..... ..... - ............ .'. ......... .... ............... .............. ... .... - ..... ................ . , .
Imperative - -
.
! - , , .
- . , , .
. ? !
? il , , -
In~errogati v e 3~~i:~e~ i~~Tol ;a;:;:~a :;, :~~l f:iatl~~;~~~r~~;;~; .ll3 .
8. ;i

? ? , I .

used. 2. Turl1 the dlrect speech Into Indlrect in the lollowlng text:
- .


?
,
- interrogative .
? . particles iL _ ! - .
: used. .
? - .
.
_ - .
_ ?
_ ? .
_ - , .
N t . When tuig direct speech into indirect the becomes
, . ..
3 rd pers. sing. plur.
past tense in direct speech is turned into - ?
_ . . ...
, in indirect speech.
Kptw ~ n
Exaple:
. Turn the text C66pl'iHU~ . jnto di alogue lorm from 3 and'lHa..r;a
Dir ect S pee ch Indi re ct Speec h
d.UNm to the end.
: .,
- . .

If in direct speech there is than subordinate clause, l

two turned into indirect speech.
Example :
rest change l in person.
l

Direct Speec h Idirt Speech

. ,
. I<. 6 .
I . Jl.
. ! . .
. .

305
304
 - ? - .
EXERCISES
- , , ,
- . 1. Make plan of the text. R;etell the text according to plan.
. 11. the followlng words wJth suitabIe adjectives:
- , , - . - , , , , , , , .
. .
. Use the phrases '" sentences.
- , .
. ORAMMAR
.
. ;=I: . PASSIVE VOICE
, .
. ilJ(
1. Formation
.
l transitive
vert-s passive voice. Jt is fo rmed , two ways.
. .
1. means of th e particle added t o the
. fo rm s in act iv e voice.
.
2. mean s of 01 the ma in vecl)
- ! - . - ,
and t he auxiliary .
.
- ,
8 - Passive Voice
. .
,

.
f1
. . il. Passive voice formed - ---I-- pass i ;;--v-oic~-formed ,
tl means of the particle means of ~:
.
. ll - .1 Positive

:~~~:~:: i::::~~ ~:.

Notes the ' Sing. 1 .
2 . -111
1. (). - capture v g (town). 3 . (- , - )
2. . - lose one's way.
3. . - reduced to ashes. 1 . c~
Plur' l
4. ... -
depend ... 2 . I1J;
5. . - listen as though rooted to the spot . 1

6.
01 ...
... - li up under the i 3 .
.'.... ..1.. '

Interrogative
Synonys
Sing. 1 . (-, - )
-- --
2 . (-, -)
- Tpec~aB --
3 . (., -)
-- - M~a
1 .
Plur' l
2 . ..'
I
3 .
1. 1
307
 , - - - - - - _. _- _ . - - --- - - - -
Negative
1 . 1<0-

is;ng . I
2
.
. Il1
"' (-, 0)

.

(-3, -)

3 . (-, -)
. .
I . ",
Plur' l
2 .
fo rms with r u s u 11 u s d in and
.
I
.
forms ! the passive voice with participles r m r r t 11
Negative-Interrogative used in the Past and Futu r e tenses.
N t . grammatical subject which is answer to the question~
ISing. [ . /l ( ( -, -)
. takes the full form of the definite article and the grammaticaJ
object (which in meaning is the doer of the ) takes the shorf form
2 . )l (-, - ) of the dcfinite article in passive voice.
3 . (-, -) Examples :
Plu r. I . ){ .
. .
_._ ____ _
2 tle
3 .
__I__ He.
..l
GRAMM AR EXERCISES

1. W,.lte t he fol low.lng s t s ' the tl volce:

2. Tenses [ the Passive Volce
}) . -
. -
. -
Wilh the partic le Ct IWith . -
. -

.

Exaple:
. 1\ . - ( )
KOMaH~ .
. 2. Make _ fol lowlng $entenc~s :passlve uslng the fo,.ms with the ,.
. ticle :

. - ~
. - :l .;r. -

.
, -
- . -

I
tl . Make the followlng sente nc~s passJve uslng th~ fo,.ms wlth p.,. tJclpl~s:

: ~ . ~ f!.. -
.

. . -
., -
:lJIO
:l~ I
. Bpe ~(e .. . .
i
KOMaH~
)
. -
.
. -
- ~.

~ 309
 ti ,4. Write Ihe words '" tra(kets with the {ull short form s 01 the deflnile
: according to thelr grammaHcal fun ctlons 1" the sentences:
/i () ~ .
() Jl J:opa. - () ' I . lI
: - (~) . _ ( )' .
Q?) . - (uj . _ () . .
~ll (). .

s. Put the followlng verbs '" the d pers. slng. ,
passlve volce and make sentences wl th them: . ,
; , , , , , . .
:.

.
' .

I;II! ll! .
nM .

Notes the Text

1. . - impose one's w.
2. () ... - entrust s.o. with mis-
sion (task).
~
. ... - damage ~.o.'s interests.

4. ... ~ grant S.0.'5 reque5t.
JX
5. . - m .
.
.
EXERCISES
1. Retell the text according to the following l :

1. .
. - 2. - .
1'0 3. .
. 4. .
5. - .
- 11. Flnd sultabIe adjectives to the fol1ow!ng nouns 1 use { 1" sentences :
.
, , , , .
, ? ~O.Ba qr " h
ot n " ': 111. Make sentenc~s uslng ~xpr~ss !o"S from th e no tes the t~xt.

, :., _
BaH~. 3ar~Ba . ORAII!II!AR
.'l~.1 9 . Jl
I'!;~, , . PASSI VE YO~CE. 3
~~!'I ~, "
r..'.~!ilfI~ ? . t ss of { passive voice also 3
. ' as the tenses of the voice.
r . Only the passive fo rms with participles
u s d i n .

3 11
 Formatlon
Only the ur yerbs and are put in the fo tms of
.
01l.n
"_
01lf:
" ('Jl )
Passive voice Passive voice I
1 - - - -- --1 - - - -- - - .-- 1
,,
Indicative od
I




.
. 1.n
.
. 1886 .
~~~~~ . .. ~;~~~~~ ~~;~i~~I~;6~~~ ~;~~~~~ ~'~"
.
. , q
. I... .
...... ....... ................. ............................ .
-
,
, .

, (>
. ~
. ,
. .
1. .

1893 .
ORAMAR EXERCISES
1944
1. Pat " tlle passlve foms loto : . 6. ,
. - - .
' 68 1 . - , c~ .'I
nr . - .
. - 17 . .
.
. - :! 6 . n . ,
. - .
. . - t~ . ,
n . ,
rat / : . ! -
2. Replace tlle passlve form s 01 the v erbs 10 HaK'nOHeHHe ' the .- ,
teJ.t KdpUA Indlcatlve form s.
.
, Replace the passlve forms ' tlle followlng sts tbe Indlcative
forms:
Notes the Text
n. - .
. . -
1. . - Signs of unrest occar.
. . .
2. ... - win the right to...
.
. . - take decision.
. - . 4. 6 (, ). - rg i z
() meeting (rally,dmstrti).
5. . - Emu]ation is in full swig.

J2 3J~
 6. N. ... - give accoun t of one's J. Adverblal clauses f t i m sw s to the question 1<0:0.
hi"ts. Examples:
7. . - Production hmi s.
8. . -
the day il self.


9. . - raise s l g.
] . ! - Long live the f.i rst 01 . , The i the sub-
. ( ?) ordinate clause takes
Synonyms place after the
in the mi clause.
- -

- -
,
The in the sub-
. ( ?)
ordinate clause takes
Antonyms place before the
- - m\: in { main clause.
-
, - l'
lt . ( ?) =
Additional Vocabulary

, , ,
:
,
,
.

,? ~y pa~,
~===

. , , ; , ; . ( 80th tis
, ; (), ?)
rallel.
( ); , , .

2. Adverblal clauses f 1 answers to the question .

EXERCISES Examples:
1. Retell the text according to the followlng plan: , ,
;) . ( ? )
) .
) .
,
) . . ( )?
11. the following nouns wlth sullabIe verbs :
, , , . , ,
. ( ?)
111. Flnd sultabIe adjec llves for:
, , , , 6, , . A~ye a l clau ses of quanti t y and deg r ee answe rs to
, .
tlJe questlOn .
Make sentences wlth the phrases.
Examples:
-
,
!!!! . (, -
?)
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE. CONJ UNCTIONS (CONlNUED)
II ,
several kids ! adveeblal clauses: of , place, quantity . ( ?)
and degree, d iti , concession, , cause d purpose.

315
 .. ' , . ~KaK"
W _ .... (). , ce l';'1
~ . , T:tM, . , '
, Q Used a!ter degrees of . , ... . I':'
. . ( ?) mIS of adjec Q .... , . , ... &' 111('
tives and adverbs. , , , . ' . .
. 8('I\

4. Adverbla! clauses f di ti answers to the question

u. 2. Answer the questfons using adverblal clause$:
Examples: ? -
? - ~ II('
. -
. ( ~?)

I ? _ ?
. Complete the sentences using adverblal clauses whlch are an$wers to the
question$ In brackets :
, ... ( ?). -
. ,
? )
. (
Ia ~ aKO I , . . . ( ?). - , ... ( ?). -
, ... ( ?). - -

. ( ;?)
- I"-__
I
~'
, ... ( - ?).
4. Complete the lollowlng adverbIal clauses wilh main clauses and put the
punctuation marks:
5. Adverbla! clauses 01 s si. ... -
Examples: . .. _ ... - -
. .. - ... - -
~6 = iI
He~Be~. I
.. .
5. Join together t he pair$ 01 $imple sentence$ into complex sentence$ U$i ng
, . adverbIal c!ause$:
. , -
f hN t : So~e adverblal clau ses, joined to the mi c]ause mean s
.
t Ju~t I S , , modify the noun of the main cJause . _ .
. _ Clt
and consldered as ttiutiv ] u ss.
. . -
Examples : . ,. -
,
. . . - . Ti-
'-, .
J .
" ~.Al, ~
Exatnple: .
6 up, .
Jl. _ ll ,
Punctuatfon ,

Adverblal clauses are :separated from { main clause means of

commas.
ORAMAR EXERCJSES
1. FIII In the bIa nk$ wlth sultabIe conJunctfOn$:
. ,
...
. ! , . . . -
. , . . . .
17
316
 ' .
<
!l ,. .

, cerd.
.
-- ------ - - ,

Notes th,e Text

. 1. . - Thoughts to ~y mind.
(Jl, ) 2. CHehT . - Sn?w vells eyes.
3 . - heart lu.mps.
4: . - .wind .is cuttlng.
5. . - Night Is fal1ln g.
? 6. , ... - Could not heard or seen.
. .
. Ca.>,fO -
EXERCI$ES
, . , I
. 1. Retel1 the text accordlng 10 the followlng plan:
. " , ) .
. ) ll .
- , - 11. Make sentences wlth the expresslons Irom the notes the text.
LIO.
.
il . OI\AMMAI\
. ; , , .
-, 3 . ADVERBIAL CLAUSE. CONJUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)
ro , . KiJ.
, . . 1. Adverblal clauses f m n n r are answers to the question
- OTrope ? - . Examples:
- , . !l ?
- !l! - . , . ( ?)
.
!l. , , . ( ?)1_____'__'
Aeu!lTa, .
. . 6 80
! . !l, .
adve rbi a l clauses of manner rep l aced
- im , J? - II. ,.

- ? Exaples:
- ! ! - . Aeu!l , Jl~ .
- ro H!lC, . BDPl'leTe . . , .
. . 2. Adverblal clauses of co mpari so n aIJs\\'ers to tbe ques-
. - . TGraBa
.
Aeu!l .
. , 8 , , Examples:
. , ~ R- !~o
. M!lxH8, ". ( ?)
ro .
- , !I ? ~UJ, \
, . _. ( ?)

1'9
~18
 . Adverblal clauses f u s r answers to ( question . 4. Join the palrs 01 sentence. into complex sentence. turnlng 01 them
Examples : Into adverbIal claase 01 manner, pupose or cause: .
. . -
, _ , . . - .
( ?)
. - .
.
, . (
?)
Example: . . -
, .
5. Underllne the adverbI.1 clauses '" the 'ollowlng text and state what kind '
, ,- - - -, they are. Insert . where necessary:
. ( ?)

4. Adverblal clauses f u r s r answers to --U;-q-uestion JI

.
Exaples .- 1
. .
-. . , !
. ( ?) ! - - .
; ~OT !- 6
BpilTH RT3 . ( - iI .
?) I -
-
, ? -
, II, ! -
.
-
Punctuation . - . XBa llaT )'.
. :
Adverbial ~Ia u ses r separated means 01 commas. - , , ! .
15 put before the conjunction only when it is repeated . Jl II- . . . .
Example: , . .
.
.

I
GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. FIII in the bIanks wlth suitabIe conju nctions :
.
, ... . - Xpi!c-
' '
, ... : . - , ...
. - , '" .
6: , .. : 6 . _
, ... .

2. Complete the following sentences:
. , .... -
_'1~TOTO : , .
... -

, .. .. - , ... - 3-
, ' . . . . .
. Make complex sentences uslng the fOllo"'ing s adverbIal clau.es:
..., . . - . . . , -
~HTe. - , . .- ' 0 ' _
" : ., . - " ., . _ ... , .~J[ .
. - ... , .
.
" . ,
.

320
32 1
 , .
:
. ? 05
, ,
In terrogative
. ,
. , Sing. (-, 0) (, -)
. (-, -) (-, -)
- , (-, -) ll (-, -)
. n ,
- n Plur.
. IJ .1
. . II
. .ypa~
. , , .
Negalive ...., ......... Ngtiv-Jlrrg tiv
10 . )' -
.
( .
Sil1g. 'lI1 (-, -) ( -, -)
, , ,
)' . (-, -) (-, -)
, ! : .. ., ( -, -) }!. (-, -)
, ! "
Plur. Ji
Notes the Text I .fllf

1____-L__"_e___.___'_"_e_"_'_"_'___________~_"_______'_"__'_"__"_"_"_'_"_______1
1. . - given task.
2. . - suffer heavy losses.
. - . - As soon as possibIe.
4. . - one's aim. 2. Word Ord er
5. . - take up s.
The ur stands usua lly f r t h r 1i i I .
EXERCISES
The short lorl1l5.of the rs] rtl:, tlle reHexive pronouns
, and the part lcle st d t w n 1I1 u i I i r v r
1. Make plan , the text. Retell th e text according to your plan. d the pa r tici pl e.
11. Fld s ms fo r Ihe fllwlg words : ExapLes:
, , , ~, . I I .
. f lnd cogna te words for:
J I .
, , , , .
I I .
I J ~ ?
GRAMMAR
I NDIN L ( )
. Usage
1. Formatlon The conditional is used 10 express ac t ion Wll i ch take
place ulJder cer!ain cOndition5.
The cond itional is fo rnled s of specia l forms of t!le verb Exapfes:
: ti, ti, , tim, , and
, .
of the main verb. , . .

322
323
 conditiona1 setves 150 to exptess desire.
Exaples: N t . ditil used i { result (main clause)
.
instead ! .
and express t t i n t

of { , while the conditionaI shows ollly 5 S i i I i t .
- -
. -
Expresses Expresses
" , cectainty possibllity
1

,
, . }

, . .



GRAMMAR EXERCISES
. . Barru.:\.pOB
1. Underline the verbs '" the condltlonal in the following text:

interrogatiye form of the conditional is used to exptess
polite request.
Exaples:
? (instead of: ,
' .
.)
,
? (instead of: ,
.
, u ).
, ,
..,.
11. CONOITIONAL SENTENCE - - .
conditional sentence is compIex sentence which consists of . :
two parts: n d i t i n (adverblal clause of d) and t 5 u 1t (main - . .
clause). . ,
dl sentences past and future, and the verbs are .
respectively in the Past, Future Pre5ent. .
- - , .
, .aJl.
Condition Result . . ll

verb in the condition 2. Make the followlng sentences negativ.e and negatlve.lnterrogative:
i. , () is in and
. - ' .
it i5 or conditional
). in the result. . - -
. .
in the condition . Put the followlng verbs '" the conditlonal and use them ' sentences:
~ ( is in
) , ( or , , , , .
). and it is 4. Put the fo11owlag sentences ' ' the past dl:
aJl or
ditional in the resuJt . . , .
, . - . .
, . - . ;,

324
325
 . -
, . ,.: . .
J942
5. State whlch verbs '" the condltfo'~al mood f exercise 1 express certainty
of the act/on and whkh possiblJity only. . .
1944 .
, ,
.
2 1949 r
- .
,.
.
l1
!!
. ,
,
.
",
, .
3JI
J 8 1882 .~ .
, . '
. :
. _ ,
, . ,
, ' . ,
, ~ .
. :
_ , .
t. iul, .
1 _ .....:... , - ,
u. 1'~
. l:l. J::TO
,
" , . .
. ~ , c~ , .
' . ~
J923 ll ' .
' . .
. .n ~ ,
, Bx~a . , .
,
. . . ~~I . .:
J 9 . , 500 .,
. , ,
, . _ u <l .. :
. . J::TO
. .
, . ,
Q. C:n , 6 .
J\. /{a"'le8
2 32 7
 Notes the ext ) Subordinate cla u s es modifying the main clause
ly.
1. . . . - 01 . . .
2. . - earn one's livig. Examples .'
3. .. .- wi the victory over .. . : , -
4. CnnOTflaMe ... - (rally) round . . . (subordinale 10 Ihe maln clauSt) (main c[ause)
5. ... - take up arms, rise against ... , .
. ... - hk s to ... (subordin.te ( the maln clause)
7. ... - take the helm of ... ,
8. . - . suffer loss. (main c]ause)
9. . . . out the work of . .. .ll. ,
10. . - During. (5ubordlnate 10 the main ]us) (subordlnate 10 Ihe ! clause)
11. ... - 1 for ... .
1'1. .. - give well-deserved N t . Subordinate clauses separ<tted from the main clause
answer to... from other means of commas.
13. (). - Iive in dg. is written before the conjunction only when it joins
together parts of the main clause between which subordinate clauses are
EXERCISES inserted.
Example.' u, , ,
1. OI the bIography 01 l Dlmltrov.
, .
11. Wrlte 051t10 ihI'J lJu AfJ is written before the conj unction only when it is
~I'J.
repeated.
11i. Wrlte the bIography 01 revo]utlonary u5ing the fol]owlng word5 and
phra5e5 : Example.' , .
.. " , ) S ucce ssive Jy subo rdinated clauses.
, ... , , , ,
.'
, , , ,
..., , , , 9 1944 . ,
( ! clause)
.
. SI
I. Make ]15t 01 word5 '" connectlon wJth Law-court5. (subordinale 10 Ihe ! c]ause) (subo rdinate 10 Ihe preced/ng
. Flnd 5ultabIe ! for the followlng words and use them I n sentence5 u.
subordlnate c[ause)
, , , , ,
. N t . Successively subordinated clau ses r srtd from the ;
clause or from other ms of commas.
VI. Flnd cognate words 'or the followlng verbs: is not written before the conjunction when it is
, , , , , . repeated.
Exaple.'
.
ORAMMAR
ORAMMAR EXERCISES
COMPLEX SENTENCES WI MORE THAN ONE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Formatlon 1. U drll t he complex sentence5 wlth than 5ubordinate clause
In the text , ~ 6' KAI'Jca.
complex st several subordinate cIauses. 2. Joln the slmple sentence5 together making them complex sentences
subordinate clauses qualify the main clause sub- wlth more than subordlnate clause:
ordinated to each qther.

328 329
 T}JXHOTO .
. . - .
. . - .
. . -
. . .. -
. .
. - . '
.
. - .
.
. - .
. .
Example: .
. . -;-
VOCABULARY
., , ,
.

 ABBREVIATIONS ; .w. -, .41. !nterval
, .41/(. -, .41. apparatus
t:t and, whi1e , J1H. -, .11. !Iat, apartment
. 'I(lCm. just l11 10 , .411/. -, .11 . appetJzer; dtink
tJ. . - imrsl , .. -, . subscription , .411/. . .11.
8S - reflex iYe vcJ1) _ yearly subscr:lplion , .w. -, . .41. apost1e
, - sigulr , .w. -, . .. subscriber .
, .11. l
.t. - itrjti , -, 9. . subscribe (s.o.) , .4I H. - , .41. clJemist
. - u , (l 38. subscribe (0.5.) , -, -, AtH. - Arablan
.. - [l , -, -, J/1I. - 5ubscribed (101) apectBaM, -, HU/J. 8. arrest
. - adve rb 8if, JUI. _. . . advenluret , -, -, .4IH. - arrested
Hl!U3,w.. - Ihg word , . . August , .411/. - , . . army
Hec~. - imperfect ! 01 the verb , -, -, 1. - Al!strlan ' - the Red Army
06"lI. - ll , 1. -, .41. bns ~ the SovJet Army
"". - address , 1. -, . .41. telephone; te lephone , .4IH. -, . .41. , fragrance
n. - rs ! (), ll-; sl t - mhi , -, -, 1. - fragrant
<. - per'eC! aspect 01 the , 1. -, . .41. , .!IH. -, .41. actor
. . 'emin!ne , AtH. -, .41. al!thor , .4IH. -, . . actress
. .11. - sli , 1. -, .41. ag!Ja (chie/of!icer in , AtH. -, .!I. 11ft
. . - u! r u Mohammedan countries) , -, -, . - astrakhan
. - passive , 1/(. -, . . lamb , . -, . . astronaut, space
. - dimlnulive , 1. -, . . aggression ,"
'IQcm. particle , 1. -, . .41 . administra- , . 1/.4lQ, . . strom
:U. - nl tOT, rtiist, clerk , - , -, AtH. - asphalted
. ,ll,, 1/(. - , . .41. address , -, -, .411/. - <tsphal!
, 1. -, . . alphabet , -, . u Cd. attack
. if , .IlH. , . . workroom;
, -, -, 1 . - active studio
. tiv l , .Il'f. , . . athletlcs
, ),I/(. -, .11. !! ' - trac! and fte td 3thletics (eve nts)
. . , c . .4I. Algerian _ h~avy athlelics
", .. .4IH. -, . . lgri woman , .ltH. -, . . atmosphere
. 1> bl!t , -, -, AtH. - atom!c
. u.w. , .ltH. -, . . hall; udi
. . amphttlJeatrically At. oh
, - , HeC/J. u " . ; re
serve, book
, 1>'. promise, I!ndertake.
engage (0.5.) , .ltH. -, . . grandmolher
. , . . gi. quinsy , -, -, .Il H. - stow
, -, -, .4IH . - EnglislJ . slowly
, .4IH. , C .4I. - , .IlH. -, . AI:. luggage
lishman , . ~, .It. unc le
. , .41/(. -, . . English woman ll, .ltH. -, . . bakhlava ( kind
., .4IH . -, . .41. dt 0/ swut pastry)
:, .4IH. -, . .41. antifascist , .Il/(. -, .14. mountain
., -, -, .41/(. - an!i- , . .41. Ihe Balkan Range, Slara
fasc!st Planlna ( mountajn in Bu/garia)

333
, . -, . . dress circ le; 1 , . -, , . biography , . . -, , . . , , .. " , , . !ul ure
, .. -, . . overcoat , . . . , . , blology bomblng l , ." . 1:., . " . ul g ri3 11
, . -, . . , , - , . . beer , . -, . .. . sweet, , -, -, .. - !J l gi;
, . -, . . k , .. -, , .. bi sCHil , . . -, . . i - ! r , _, ~, .. . - quick, fast
li , . -, . . k- t , -, -, ,. - clea r , .. . . slru ggle, fi ght , -, . hurry, hasten
, . . -, . . batllroom; bath , .. -, . . balt]e , . - , . , deck, board , .. -, . . wri tJng desk; orlir.
li, . , . . 'basketba1 1 , , . beat , . , . .. fi ghter , , . -, , .. sJdeboard; re f r~~I(
li , -, -, . - , 7>38. lig11t , . -, . . lit! l plne- tree ment-room
basket-bal l , ...,. -, , . welfare , - , 8. fight rcfres!lmentroom
, . -, . .. skt lt , .Il . -, . . i!, dye , " . -, . , running
, .. -, . . gralitude
playe r , - , . thank _ shoe polish . - _ 1
, . brolher , - , . afrald ! , -, -, ., wllite
, ..It ~, -, . . good
!, . -, . . father .lt ". r, we1! d
wishes
, .n . -, . . ur , . - . :)/ . chln ; beard
, -, _ , .. -
, _, _, . - poor; , .. -, . . ax ~ . , " . -, . ..
carriage
, - , -, ..ItH . - bIessed
f rt u! , ". -, ,,,. mt I1 ; mrg -
sleeping car
, .. - , . . form. slip
. witlut '
, , -, .Il, - 1 , . . -, . .. brotllcr _ _ din ing-car
li, -, -, . - d1S5 , -, -, , . - () brotller's , - , -, " , - import:tll l
, _'1, , ,. _'1 cloudless , - , 8. ( . ) s h i. , ". -, , . vase
., , .. -, . . cousitl
. free of charge glJtter , ". - , . . holidays
, . . -, . . usl
, . -, , . il , -, . shine. gl v, .Il. -, . .
k:, _, -, ,Il. -k: brot11erly
, -, 8. trou e, disturb, , - , , .. - shining; ri lli ~t ii (, , ) 3 ,/ . (i! I
, .. , . . brotherhoo.d
bother . . rains (hai!s. snows)
, .. _, . .. brother (RUS$)
II , fJ. worry, ius , - , - , .. - , nU . , ., _ -;:, . , little brottler , ", , . . barbari ;m
, -, -, ... - , ighuri g , . -, . , flour , -, ~, .. - barbaric
ur l l J d k:, ". , , ., , .., . ~ae . why , , (. seulplure, chisel; carv(':
, . . . . . . uml' relalive, close fl d , . model
t , .. -., . . blrch . 8.
, - , . well, gusll
. d isorderly l' , . -, . , brigade , -, . t. ralsc
, - , . well , gush
, -, -, . - in- , .Il. -, . .. m ! , - , . 11ft, raise
eHe~Hye li, .n. -0 0 1', . ,Il. bIock , , 7>. rise, ~cl 11[>
_ bIock 01 fl ats brigade; teamJeader
. , -, -, . -" im , .. .,, .. . ur; ; , ". , 1/ . \>o'idower
morlal - cooperatlve !ield; , . -, . . widow
- drwlg bIock iSSlle
. continua Hy; stnt1 , _, . lt , -, . b reatllC; insrire
, - , - , ". - , . - , . . bIouse , -, . breath; inspire
, -, .
sllake do wn
fearless li, .. -, . . bIous!: , -, . thread ( I/eed/e)
t. , - , . sllave
. noiseless ly , , - , , .. drea m , 8. sh.tve, '! (get) , , . tI!read (a -" eedle)
, . -, , . n!; mark , -, n8. ( .) sl!ine. shave . at , immediately
- ! (Jor borrawing books glilter ~ , .. , .. bank; coast . , .
at library) , . - , . .11 . god shore , , - , . . eyebrow
, ... -, .. f k , _ , _ . . . _ awake; , .II" . () , . . $c ak~
, -, -, .lfft . - rich
, - , . SllOW wlliie, i t l li gt , " . -, , " . ccntury
, Al. -, . . wealt h
gleam white i l wealth , . -, . . alarrn clock , -, ~ , . n. - great
. , , , ,. impe- , -, - , . - majestic, impres~ i \'.
, -, , pick, gather , -, - , . - ~'l , -, -, ., - lnajesti ...
liturgical luous; vil!
, .lt . , . . harvest, ik ' g , ~H. ~B e, . .1/", beecll imp ress:ve
, . -, , . ga lJo ws , - , - , . - fresh; !i\'ely k:, ., - , . ~, bouqllet; nosegay ~ , Al . - , . , grealness. ,jt
, ,Il. - , . . gaJlows , li, , ..It f. O!l figll1 ing. li'I , ./'l . , nosegay
-, . , , , ,lt. ( ; ri!.:I! 1
k: , ,. -, . . ' ~ bcacy ; book . milltary, (eomrade) 01 ~ rms , ~ H. -, . . . bou1evard , ". -, , . lli
case , .. , 41. figh ter 6 J.1, . -, . . bride .
, -'lII , -'1, .. -'1 li , . God , ". -, . . . clearsO!!p , _, -, " . - gay, me rry
, / 3 . ( ) I! happens , . - , flght, battle , . -, . . (\ , " . - , . . gaiety, !
, 3 . (, .Il) , , .W. -, . .. "Ii, -, -, . . -Ii rebel lious . gaiJy
should, ought, lust , -, . iII, suffer , " . " . . . b ) urgeois'e , ". . , . . gaiety
, - , , , -, - , .. - , sJck , . -, Il . , ". -, , . (3 piece of) Hew~
, .. -, . .. bIson , , -, . . diseasc, ill ness , .. _, , , !!1 BeCTHHli, Al . -, . . ws r
, . . -, . ,
ticke: , ., .w J . () hurts v , .. -, . . ow1 .
- platform tickel , . -, . . pain, ache ~ , _, , abIaze . already
- MitCTO tJcket ' seat , . -, . . hospital , _ ~ , e/f. abIaze , " . -, . , evening
reservation , , -, . . m li, ,1/ , -, . . lum p , -, -, " . _ e\'ening

334
f; ~ . -, (. . di, su pper
'l~p1I.. ...., . dlne, hav~ d lnner
($ Up~r)
~ . etemalJy, for ever
1"'. an:*
!. , ,.
.. ,. .. "
drag, draw
, - , , .. ,3tJ. I]ow, empty
I ,
tense
..II. ~, . .

, //.. -, . . 11('; string;

- lelepllOne
Q
Iriendly re1atlons
time ; wealher;
relation
, . -, . .
\ , -,
derly, o]d
.
, -
age
-, ..II. -

enthusiastieally
, ". fJ38. admi re
el-

, , . -, . . Ihlng ~n lo) , ..II . ', .11. top; peak. l , -J , HeCfJ. ,tJ .

, -. 8. lake , - , ,., ,&tJ. flo",', e mpty sum mlt, poi"! ; height fi1l cd wilil admlrat ion
. . ... -, . lake (Inlo) \ , -, ,. (n' , 8 .) retu rn ; . ,w H . -. , . . admi ration
, JC , -, ,. (.. , .) enter, go send baek; give b3ck B1t3xb, .II H. , . .tf. progres5, advanee
, ",, -, .fIH. - cxplos i v~ In(tO) "' , 'lJ. relu rn, back .
\', //.. - . ..11. woll
.tIH. -, . N. klnd, $ort ; appearance, , ,tfH. - , . . en!eri ng . 811 , who1e , ..II. }I.~, . . w001
look ,}, .. - , . . in!luence , BcSlKa, , .It//.. , ,wecm. !, ,w H. , . . wv
' , -, -, "". - ulst dlg , -. . ,. ,3tJ. l]] in every, ('
\' , -, -, ~. - wool1en
, - , . ( 8.) see l , ,wH. //., universe
. . , .~H. -, . . tl , aglta-
, ." . -, . . blizzard , - , ". 8'8. 'll 10 l lt . al1, everybod)' Ilon ; motion: el citemenl
" , /l4H. -H1I', . . howl. wail, ro . ]ovingly li ~ee. everytblng , -, ". , excite; agl-
, - , . ( . 8.) see ,}., , ". ( , ,.) enter, latc
" ''''.
, . -, . . vlsa go inlo . - , -, . -
second , '38. moved: agi-
il:. -, -, . - 8yzantine ". ins tead 01 , ,wH . -, . . Tuesday tatcd
. . -- , . . , shout , -, ,. (. ".) bring in ; . fixedly , -, - , .. - m\raeul-
, -, ,. cry (0111), shoul import , -. -, ..11/0/.. - slunned ous, cncl\anting
., - w Ctl. (), shout , - , . (i, ".) brlng I , ,wH. -, .tf. une lc //.. outside,
l
, )lH. -, . . fork import , ,wH. -. . ~. enlrance
, -, _ , ..II. - outlide,
, )lH. - , . . little fo rk .. -, . . attention ; , _, _ , ..II. - enl ranee OufC!; eXlernal; forelgo
, - desse tl fork i , -, _ , .ItH. - attentive . . - , . .... qucstion
. always
, -, -, ... ' wlne
, ,wH. ; . . J m{rt
, . _ , . . grandson
, . . yeste rday
Jl.H" . Jf. l
- l
', .. - , . . willo w
,}, - , //.l!C. go, walk
., NH. -, . . wlne

, - ,
!. NH .
. gllil tlly
,. thrive, grow
- , . . vault 01 heaven,
. . ~. . .

, .IIH. -, . . waler
grandchlld
.. It., J,l,H. - , . . granddaughler

.. , Jl.H. -, . ,tf. leader; guide

! ' , - , HtCts. r lJm
' ", -, (1. proclaim
, -, -, . - high, ele\'ated
\', - J, ". (\', 8.) rclllrn :
send back : give back
\' , '8. relurn, back
.. . .
helghl , -. -, Jl.H. - water, l 10fty
"i .It H. - 101 , . . pillow. cushlon ll, -8, -, .It/o/.. - suprcme
8 , -, -, . -1.111 , higll; [oud aquallc \', ..II. -101 , . ,tf. point 01 view ll , .ItH. -, . . Ilprising: re-
, . -, . N. loudspeaker
, NH. -, . . height
", . -, . . helght; aJtilude;
11111
, _a,~, N H. - hlgh; hlgher
ll , ... . - , . . (waler)mll l
, Jl.H . - , . ""'. mill
.. lt, ~H. - , . . In ill
, ,tf_ BOA~ . . (
waler
[[)
I 1 .//.. - , . . 51gh
\ , . //..ll , 11. alr
'3" , -, Ht(l. 5igll
\' . - , (1. 51gh
'. - , ,. exc1aim
.
lli
.. , , -, .11/0/.. -

'"
l'. inside
\', _ , -, Jl.H.
revolution-

- illside,
., NH. - , . . $hop-w lndo w , . - , . JI.. walerfall ', - , ". exclaim [ ! , Intecnal
, -, -, . - cherry, cherry- , - , eCts. lead, bring (s.o.) , . , . . beliel, lalth
' , -, He(l. (' , 8.) s sig
coloured , . -, e.,w. volvode, ehleftaln , -, 8. belicve
'II, , ,. bend; Iw151; plait, set (1Iope,) 5.0. ,,.;.
no.n, , -, -, ""'. -CI(H volvode ,
, - , 8. (, .
weave , .. -, . . wr , .IIH. , . .It. wind
, ,3tJ. meander, twls! , . -, . . 50ldi('r
a5slgn, set (!!Opes) $.0. , - . -, .IIH. - wind
, -, ". 1 HOllse indignallon
", ~. ,. get (5.0.) [, drive [ ' BoACI<!, .IIH. -, . . n windmi1l
, -, HtCtJ. arouse Indigna.
sl! ($) g01 , .II . -. . .
, -, ,. IZct (5.0.) [ , drlve [, , . , . ""'. vo]ley ball "
, 83'. indignanl
sl!Oot (5eore) goal . free l}' r
l< .... -. 6. Inc]ude; turn . . )/, . . will , '3'I'. b~coc '.ndignant
rls, s plng up
., - . ,. Include; lurn ~ , AfH ." -, , . impresslon ll , -, ,. , .11/0/.. - 101, . . bagpipe
, ~H. - , . .. lasle -, HtCts. ftx (0:5 goze); 51are , - , ". arise, sprirrg Il , - ., . - braidcd
. , - ., -, . . - l51 BniHI. - , ". Ilx (0:5 gaze); slare , - , ". (8, ".) sing , NH. HR.IIQ, . . l goods.
n . ,tfH. ,tf, . . dampness , - , ~Cts. enler (in); Inscribe (tlle praisc 01), glorify , .. -, . . gallery
,w, ,tfH. -, _ .It. train , -, ". enter (10); inscribe , -J . ,. bring : educate - National
\, - fas! Iraln , -. 8. (, HeCts. ) harne5s . - . ". ri g II: dll t l Gallery
\' .. " _ passenger train n, -, //.". ( 8.) harness ' . It/o/.. .I, . . Ilpbrlrlgirlg , .. -, . . 51al ioo
- frelg hl t rain . AfH. -, . . 5w cducation , . -, . . garage
, . R, . . power; . govern - . . -, . . , -, ". (, .) sing , ,w/o/.. - , . .11. wardrobe
!; SY5tem !. . -, . . doo r; l (tlle praise of), glorily n:, . -, . . garnish, vcge-
, Jl.H. . HR,tfO u lh rs; oflicials , Af. -101, .11. goalkeeper ; porter , . ..ll, . . re\'ival labIe5; dressing
.. eustoms l]s , ..II. -, , . galeway

,,36
', -. , ." go oul, fade , , --, . - foresl ti' , - , . Iludd le .ll,, "', --8, . . pocket
",6 , .. -, . . grocef}' -slore ; , , .., Jt.H. bItter r)' , - , 8. huddle,. ncs l1e , -, ~HO, .. -II pockt'
delkatessen , , , Hecll. b u rn ', )(. -, . . mush room . -sponge ..Jl, ..,. ,, . . jungle
~, . . I1. .. ul ., . . . . mas ter , . .. . 1, . . chest ; . . -, . . diagnos ls
"., J4H. -, . . Gulnean D., . rocnoAi, . .. Mister breast , -, -, . - wlld
r epMtHclIH, -, -, .. - Germ an genl leman ., . , . . Oreek woman ..
!, Jt.H. - , W. savage
repoii:sOM, . . II, . .. heroi sm , . , . ..,. gue-st, vlsltor ', ..... -, ,.,. throat(y) .!, . , CW. couch
repOHHA, .II . -14', . . heroine , . . cooklng , . -, . . ShOI, , . -, . . divisio n
, -, .!, . - heroic rO, "'1'1.
, . . slew , .1(1'1. , . . goose . . . .ll liftl
repbA, .. -!l , . ... hero , m, HeCf. cook n'CT, -, - , .. - tlilck , dense ", -, ,. 5moke
, -, -, . ~ heroic , --, --, .., . - rea dy , . - , . . watec !
.
, .. -, .. g!ant , --. ,. scize, ,nalch , . , . .11. dJrector, h e~ d
, .. -, . . secondary school , . 8. selzc, snatch , ~ , ". breathe
, .. -, . . desk ; book!ng. it, , --, . of .! , , ,. give ~, ll, -II , .l(. - id \l ,
it blrd of ,ll, . AtM owing ; obIiged
, . . -, . . head ..
1., . --OB~, W. 10wn , cily . { (a way) - obIlged; must
_ Jl ch apter , , , "'1'1. cOn5Iruc! , - , -, .WH. - fac , , , -, . -8 d ay
Jli , -, -, .. - chlef, prln ' ; bullding dls!ant - p~ gd
cipal ., . , . . garde n &, . -, . . dls tance , ... . !od
i , -, -, .. - hungry , . , . . ga rd ener .a.tM, .. , 6. give . , -, , .+I. - today 's
, .lt. -(l, ..11. voice , -, --, . - garde n .., -. --, . 5l lady's . ..
, - , " vole rpACt(H, , -, "'1'1. - town. city . "5I, . -, .1(. ( . , beslde, 10, 'iJI
, I, " look, see , .l(. -, . . lown]et , ."1'1. -, . .1/". gJft, presen t , . - , . .+1. product ion, y il'ld
, ,Il/(. -, . . vlew , , HeCf. bui1d , )(. - , . . g, lalenl , , ". obtain, produce
, . -, . . li , .WH. , . . citizcn , .. two , -, e~. t btai n, prodllce
, . -, 11. globe townsman t wo , .. , . ,11. caHJe
\, . , . . f001 !, ..., ., "'1'1. - cJvll; clvll BHATe.~, . -, . .+1. \l, eng lne .....
, .If , . . nesl '; civic it . - ( , "., '&'. 1 , .. , , . im l, b east (I! f
r, .! . .w, .!. anger , Jt.H. , . . cit!zen,hip ; , .WH. -, . . movement: burden)
, ., Hec~. speak. lalk !ownspeople Iraffic , . well , right
~, . , . . ! t, . , . . g rammar , -, ~ , .1(1'1. dO\lbIe w t , --, -, .II. of 11I~1,
, .!. , . . fl ., , .WH. -- Impres- , . ., . )(.
ya rd qu al ll y
. . , . . fi ! Ive, ma /es! ic , . , . )(. d ue l ~, !, , . - good
.111'1. , . . yea r t, .WH. , . . fron lier ; border .. , )(1'1. , . . I\g glrl. malde n ..!, , ell. bring (along), fetc!1 (5. 1>.}
I, . , .lfH. - )'early, , -, ,. bord er , -, , .. - duly ~ , , H2CfI. bring a]ong, f.:I(I,
yea r, annual , .l( . :, . . rowlng A~A H OC, .". -, . . ~clivjly , . !onlgh!
O.D 50 , )(1'1 . -, . .W. . Jt.H. -, . . acllc.n ; I , - , n , .1(1'1. p l eas ~d
, ., 8. 8. b elrotl1 , , ". sl1i ne . Indeed; [ lit , , Hl!e~ . ( , ".) bu rn 0111,
, ~34p. engaged (10) ~, - , ". 5hlne , -, Hec~. l, work b urn low
, -, HeCf. bel roth !, -, ,. makc ml5take, w , . . , .W. December , .lfH. - , . . t t , ~g reel n ~ nt ;
, ". hecome engaged (10) wrong r, )(1'1. - 1111, ( . . d J g !i Irealy, !

, , --, .lfH . - naked , .tt:H. , . . mlslake () , .. -, . (. dlv!slon , . 1Iex ! year

, . .., . . ! :, , ,. S!11ne; give oul wacmth .., .. -1, . . work, deed ; case ", , 8. ( , H ~e8 .) b urn 0111.
~ . , .., . . . . ", , ". d ivlde b urn Jow
, . , . . 51 ze , , ,.. '"". ta ke , - , , .. - de- , -. ell. (, ".) ()1I1 :',
. .lf H. --, . .+I. ; pl uli-fours ,, look after ttl arclv!!
ll, , -, .+11'1. , large , ". HJU(a, . . If l uz, / . ll , - , --, ..,. - de- AOKtp.M, -3, 8. bring ( u!)
, , 8. chase, run afte r , .l(. ..,, ..,. semollna moc ra!!c AOKtpaaM, , HeCl. bi n-,!:" (aOOIlI)
!, .+I. -14, . . wood, fore5t , . . -, . . i., .. -, . . demonslratlO:1 .l, !, )(1'1. - , . .... repo r!; leClure, t.1!k
, ., --, .lfH. - proud; haug11ty , .IfH. Jt., . . g rapes .I,~H, . , 11. day !, .111'1. _ , . . l ect ur~ r , speak .. r
. h lIg h til 06~, . w, . ... grape.galher- 6, ..,. -, . . day (tv.'cnty w, . '111
, ... , 8. proud (of) 1,. fou r hs) , .!. -, . . doctOI
. proudly , -, , .. - Ilgly . nl gll! and day , .l( . . -, . . docllmenl
, .\1"1'1. , . . pride , , .<:1, . -
roug h ; rude , AVCHa, . Jt.H. ligl1t , -JIIl , , . ,n d .l.
.- . IIp, , upstalr-s , .l(. -, . . group , .. , . .+1. 5weet , desse rt cumen!al. d m !
.-, , , .+I. - upper, ( 't(, Jt.H. , . . Oreek , ." . , . .
decade , . - n, . .1(. vallcy
, --, --, .+I. l 1l, -. ". !ose score; decade
, . , . . l , , 'll, n, . !ower; m11
, .+I . , . . ! : , "38. 10,1 , .l(. Aeut, . . chlJd t, , . . ll
. 1101, hotl y '1' . gulltl1y , .. -, .WH. , hild, childi sh, ", Jt.H . , . . littlev.alley
, --, --, .+I. - woody r)'Ma, )(. , . . (Ind ia) rubber; I { chlldrea , . b enealh , down ; dow nslalrs

338 339
, /Il.N. -, . .tl . Ilome ~xaM, --, . ( , .) .....
_ Parly ldqu rtrs, Party .l., Jl.H . -II, . . bIowJng
Home , -, .. bIow
,," - resl home r08~ , ,l(H . HII.lla, . . elergy ~. .IlH. -, . . eJnloiter , .II. I/,l(. . )11.
/Il.H. -, . . hOllsewife. hosless , Nap. in splril . ,l(H. , . )11. express , , -", .". - "" "ft--
AOMlIT, /Il.H. -, 11 . lomalo , ,l(H. -, . . ,l ~, -, -, ..IlH. - elec trilled givlng
lI , -, Hec~. (AoHecll, 6.) rig. , - . . ehoke. smolher ~, -, -, .II. - eleclric , .II. -, . . Mllmal
felch , .-, ". smel l, , Jl~, NH. -, . . wirig. grid - domes1ic lml
Aotlecll, -, - II. ( , Hte6. ) ri g. ', NH. -0 8, . ..Il . o:tklree ~lI, ..IlH. -, . . power - wild anlmal. beast
11'11'11 , . - , . "'. rain st3tlon _ beast of prey
, -, ". (Ao npll, 6.) 101lCll \., .. ~, . "'. debt ; dut)" ~n~, .1111 . . . . ekct riclan , -, -, .tlH. - slnew)'
i1I, -, ". 1111' diffrc
ll, - , ". Ihe dilf r
.ll , - , - , .IIH. - .
lull.lenglh
,
(
~1, .IlH. - , . .
.
, ,l(H. -, .. stag. deer
alde r ; hrists Iree
~",, /Il.H. - , . . hOllse,
n , -, -, . - h OI I~ i ll~ .
d", ltl.:

... , -, , ~ . ( , ,..) touch ... , -, . OlVe; i"debtcd eMHrpllHT, .

.IIH . -, .Il. migrt IJouse
, -, H ! Cf. admit. allow n, - , , ,l(H. - 10g . vigorou sly , M II. - , . . Ih ; l!
, - , . adm! t. allow , II . -, . "' . Hunk ~, .111'1. .ll, . . rg , - , -, . I/. - ",'llea t, corrl ;
",nn . additiona lly. i ddi , . -, . . bottom ~, -, -, .II/. - cereal
li , -, -, .II H. - wood('n encyclopaedic , l{. -, . . ~
. ~' ",, . . , "'. "' ' ; "'. , "'. , . . epocll , AlII. -, . . wlJeal, !n
Aocen\ . 50 131, up 10 now ", wood. IOg5 ~, -n" -, 1041/. -n epecll- , . -, . . \\'!re
. ralher, quitc , "'. "' , t . ... c ~r making 4..1, .". -, . ,1( . flshion magatirle
, -, 8 . supply, providc t('f ~peH, .IIH. -, . ,1(. bachelor , -, -(1, "' . - }'ellollo'
, -, ,.. supply, provide . - , . kcep. hold . ,IIH. -, . .Il. herelic .... .1111. , . . gotd piecc (COill l
.ll.n. . ug ll , '8. l td (onlo) ; aClive; eCel!, ,1(1/. .ll. . . au tumn \' ... , ,l(H. -, . ,1( . r
-, -, ". r h reslst , -, -IIHO, /Il.H. - aulumn{al) , -, Hl CS . reap
reacll
-, - , C~ . ... , .Al H. -, . . 51ate , ,1(11. -, . . esca lato r ', . -, . . Il rvs t
. 10Ihcre (/ . :tlll , ,l(H. -, . . II ~ v eSle r .
. [iJI t!ICn
, - , 8. finl sh , kill
, -, . fin isll , kill
. . . ll v i ur
, , '. ( ' ", c~ .) ll
' , 8. 6&': draw back
"'1, ,l(H. -, . . bo~ rd , plank
, ,l(H. -, . AI. 1I00r.
, . - , .
~. "'. , . "'. stage
.
slorey
(set 01) sllelves , re:lpcr

.., - , ,., (, e~.) coe , .1.\.1:, . , . .tl. brealh , ,IIH. -, . )11. l l . 10 ; for ; [ill
i\' ... :, .IIH. - , . . daughtcr ". hele is (Ire) , - , -, Jl4 1f. - llt !l ~i i f .
(III ) . () pleascd , .IIH. -, . . qu i /Il.l',l( . all. welt lllusig
l', . -, . . d rm .1111_ -, . . sand dune ~", . )11 . barley 8 ~, - , I'C., l1lrti
, - , -, . - small , .IIH. -, . . matlress ", , . amllse (cnjoy) 0.5.
" , . -, . . (morning. - , AlH. , . .. grdlth r , 6. . remark
I"g) Iwi1ight , .: n ll, - , -.1 , - lI "'>1.
, - , 8.doze, drowse Jl~, -, -, Jl4Jt. - IIlirsly !emarkabIe
, . -, . . c[olhes , , 6. thirst, (in , -, 6. nOlice

.ll. , -, -, _ - oHI!'r. 01h r , /Il.H -, . ,1( . Jackel nti, -, 8. I e gin 10) slJi
, . -, . ,1(. com rade .. . lVell . (1/ is ) pJly n : , -, 6. s1tine, g1ltlcr
., . -, . . oomradc , , -, /Il.H. - cheap ..IIH. -, . . wish. de51re , , 8. forgel
. ecmrade , . -, . ,1( . egoisl n, - , I'C6. wlsh, wanl . -, I'C8. forgel
. comradc eAblI- . Ilardly , il, ~Jl, .IIH. - , . -, . . rhl
, .. -, . . play mate . , ~Hb, . !ron , - , ". forbId, prohiblt
ro . olllcrwise . -, ,, . - slngle n \' , , -, .II. - rallway , -, 8. forbld, proll lbi!
nQ 6.
, .IlH. 1/.II, . . frl ds h! , , -, )1111 . - l , s igl , "', - , 8. buzz. drone, hum
. frlendly sole , .IlH. , . . "', - , . bulZ, drone . hllm
., . -, .. m ; battalion . , ea,l(O 8 . ~. _ ( .tl!ma A) Iron , -. ". hur ry (
V . logelhcr .
slmultancollsly eaJl408 .IIH. '1. - (OKO~U) fellers ' , -, .hurry (ofl)
Ap:tlMKa,. . . . ... . , , .II /C . blg, 5tou t , . . -, . . wom ~ " ,, :. e a,l( O , J . (it) r~ i n(s), Jnow(s)
Jl08, - . -(1, .IIH. 101 corncl(-Ircc) , .II. HR.lla, . . rid(', !Jding , -, 0, ,1(11. - married anw , H l'CI., . , J . (11) rl "/ 5),
"', M N . -, . . [ . s Ji g , .IIH. -, . .. ridc r , .IlH. -. . . marriage snow(s)
- fru it-trce ., .II. -, . . lakc; pond , - Hec~. m , ' - , . take (5.0. 50mewhere)
- alder irce: Cllristmas trcc t, .II. -, . .AI. tongue; language , 8. '. get marie d , -, ". take (5.0. some""here)
1. , clailer, cllaile r
.IIH. -, . . , , '. resoIInd , NH. -, . . vic li , . - , . . curtain
'll, ~, 8. ( Ht C8.) pull ~ , .II . -, . ,1(. , -, -, .111'1. - cruel , .. , . . 511lt!
ll . 8. B" J~p. draw back , -~ , ". r50ld ~ . cluel!y , .tlH. -, . )11 . beque5f ; behest
8, -, -, )IIH. - ll
A~Ma , ,IIH. ! . . wo~d ~, .AlH. - , .11. 5r . ,1( 1/. -, . . 5eJze, t II " .
, . IIH . -, . ,1(. spHlt , )IIH. -, . . excursion , .., I'C6. lI occupation
tSD-!'- . (J'm) fine , -, ,. lurn
, , - , .IlH. - pic- r . lor ,
340 luresqlle , -, . depend

.14 I
 , , , 8. l n . profoundly,l llcrJuglll}' 3aMa1lH, -, -, .. - dlzzy ll, -, 8, (begln 10) ! ing
, .. -, . ,1(. plant, works .'1i ~.'1, - , _ , . - obI i- , -&, -, .. - dreamy , -, ,. (begln 10) work
, .)11/. -IHI, . . qll sl : galor)' &, -, (1. l, depan , - , 8. (begln 10) wo rk
ll lvm t - , ". keep: hold back, delain , -, 8. depart, ' . because 01
0 1:l , ,/f. , 11. IUf , bend \., -, ,. keep : hold back. , -, ,. vell : darn , - &, - , .ft H. -, i fI IUI.
, - , ,. (\' , dclain , -, . il : datn contageous
'''') "8. re ! l!rn \. ( ) ,6,. ILOld ; , -, . m ,il! ~, -, -, )(. - inlected
t, , .tlH. - , . . rcturn 5 1 (in plu.ce) "bJii\, -, HeCl. m sllent , .II . - , . . apricol
, -, . lI \., . -, .. - brcalllless t, . -, . N. Irade, craft ; ' , -, . (begin 10) dr 'N,
" , -, 8. " . togelhe: r lession pai n!
, (', 8. ( 'i. , ", t. " , . r ~bbI t , IL r li8, NH. -, . ,11. craftsman , -, CfJ. ' erimson
.) celu rn , . -, . . . 10311 , -, . OCCLLPY: enlerlaln; lI, -, . tur crlmso n
, -, . finis tl , -, ". lend I : ll , - , ,. l l
;; w, -, ". Ilnish , -, ". lend i\ , BS38p . atlend to, e nle rl~in, , -, . plant
, - , . go 0111; put , , -, -, . - bLISY: occllpied work , " .. 3 . . '1. (
swl!ch 011 ,-, HeCl. ( , -, ". ) , .IIH. - , . . occupalion ; lIashe:s 01 IIghtning
,,,
, -, . go out ; l . s wltcll slrl (siflgiflg)
, -, ". ha ng ; lease
sludy
t, .ftH. -II, . . llt ln ; lessons
t ,
are " !
,., 3 . .
01 1ightning
'1. there
li , -, . peri ~ h tJ\ , . -, . . peg, halsta nd n8, -, ". su rtound . (or Ihe " being
, -, "', perish , - , HeCf. hang , -, (1. sutround , - . (ll:ra, .) louch;
ll .., -, HeC/J.put 011 (0111) , . -, t. . joke ll. -, -, .I(H. - rounded affect, offend
ll , ,IIK -, . . t, 11eadlng , -, 3. lock. lock i\n, .II H. H R.II O, . ,11. wesl , - , . (:, .) sow
;! , -, 8. ( gl (0) look ! , -, ". lock, lock up , -, ,. kee p. preserve, - , -, ,. (, -, .)
, "". (begin (0) look ! , - , . nl1 serve st rcnglllen; increase; speed
",. - , ". (hegtn 10) look 1 D, -, . ". nail , -, ". k~p. prcserve, rescrve , 5,. st ronger ; make
, tn>38p. (g l 10) look ! , _, -, . - nalled } , -, -, "". - preservcd , booked das h 10
r-:" , -, 8. ( \. , -eul, , ', . beg:n 10 , -, HeCf. ligILI: swltcll 0:1 , , . ( , -, " .)
,.) die away (Ol!t), fade w , -, .". begln 10 ~, -, 8. lighl : swilCl1 cover : under
8~ , -, . ,. (, ,.) ll i, -, H~". ILIde, cover , _, . ( , ,.) begin 10 t' , - , ,. deserve ; ""'otlhy 01
glll 10 speak, address $.0. it, -, ". hlde:, 51ng , -, 8. desetve;
tl , )(. . -t{, . . plotltr. , - , ,. protect, defend , ,II. -, .11. (poslal) order : record wOrlhy 01
splra!or Ji, - , eCl. prolecl, de fend _ poslal order , -, -, . . - wel1 deserved
, -, ,. gi (0) sk, ~d , -, 8. have breaklast , -, " . (, - , .) *, -, -, .ttH. - honoured, me rll
dre5$ 5.0. , - , ,. have breakfast wrile, l down: enroll
2 , -, ,. ' il1; !LLutLd ; , . -, . . breakfasl , -, . ( , - , ". ) "
. - , . ( '",
<'l1clrcle d , -, ". mend begin 10 cry: burst Inlo Icars ".), 83. m il
~, -, ,. fenct in ; su rrOlll1d: , -, " . mend m\, ,6/ . -, . . sl a ry , - , . ( ,
elLcircle , .. - , . . delay: being late , -, ". !hrl .). l. smlle
, - ct, C~. '38. worry ", - , (1. ( Ll , ".) , -. , . threa!en , -, -, . -11 covered with
, - , ,. ' '':. wur ry, ' ! , -, . snow
l0 ! , -, 8. ( ", .) , -, . , -, . ( , " .) go 10
, ~a, ~o, . - worrled, :\ l ! Ille , . -, . . order, eommand 5 1
, . - , . . 1055 , .I(H . -, . . hall lI, -, aI. order, command , -, ,. (sn., ".) go 10
, -, Heu.lose 1 , - , Htc' . ( , " .) , -, ~. order, comm;:tnd , sleep
, ,'. get 1051, 105 o.'s way '"l. grlp, clutch (l s.th.), ,l 10 t() help yourself : in .. , - , ". !h m d
, -, ,. 10$e , .. . , . ., . . dtposits n i\ , - , . ( i , - . a!hamed
, ,71lJ. (:: l 1051 , 8. it . -i , .) tI&,. inlroduced, lL_ . ashamed
.. t, -, ,. begin 10 II!under , -, ,. ( , " .) stieL: make 5.0.'! acquainlance; gel f~m r ci .., -, ,. stand
, -. 8. begin 10 t hunde t (); st ( ). slap (soo.'$". !) wlth ., -, ,. sland
". beh lnd .ll, -, C/I. 51ick 6I', -, ,. remember lL, - , . Ihrea!en
, -, ". Icl ( t"Sk): ask ( ll, -, " . slick , -, 8. remember i., -, ,. Ihrealen
qUlstion) n , - , "'~p. stlck (): , -, . begln, slaft , -, 8. (, .) sow
. , ". sel ( taSk) ; a5k e[ing (10) , NH. ~H, . . beglnnlng, 511" l1l, -, . keep 5eeret ; hold (.'!
( questiu1l) n , - , "". slick (); , -, . begin, .Iart breallL)
~R3 ( ), '''~. appea r cling (10) , -, 8. begin lalklng ; , -, 8. keep secret, hold
, . ItH . -, . . la5k , ., -, .11. conversation (wilh s.o.) (0.'5 breath)
". exlrJl.mu ral1y l1l , -! , . (n , .".) i\&, -, . begin lalk[ng , -IIW, 8. (., ".,) 105 ;
, -, I . (bcgln 10) bIow set 10, clutch ! ,," , -I , ". 'I n, set ou t imprison
, -, HeCl. (begin 10) bIollo' lL, , . ,l down 1l ,- , . 'lJ. 5lart , set 01]1 , . -, . .It . prison
"'Jl , , ~ .IIH . - pro lound , -, "'. , l down l1l, -, . (begln 10) slng ll, -, -, .ItH. - cl05ed: imprisoned

'2 343
 , -, -. -W N. - prisoll, , . -, . . wa! 1 , -, 8. wipc, dry , ,111'1. -II, '. . tn;\ko:. ;\1\ 1<' 11' .
prisoner's , .. -, . . winler , -, 8.wlpe, dry ware
, -, (,. , "". closc; , -, -, .. - winter , -, 8. lake out; extract , -, ' . raise ; 110i5:, t'tre~\
imprlson , - , -, .+IH . _ gold; g!d 8i , -, ". take out; extrac! ; , '"&38. rlse, sr
, , . ( , , -, -, .+IH. - golden deduct , - , c/J. raise, IIOisl, I
/l.) up. rush ; rn . badly, iII 8i , .. -, . . laklng oul ; 1 , ,1>311. rlse, $
! ., Illetcfore , .+IH. , . . snake e.l[raction; deduetion ; sub:racllon , - , C/J. st d. endurc
, - , . (! , (.) - poisonous snake . . . curds .! - , HtC8. endure
8&. ILlsh; , ,"" .IIH. ":, . .11. sign , . 111 , suddenJy IlptrJ ,' , { beh ind
, -, . warm (), get warm II, . -, . . f!g , - 8 . take ou t ; Jead () , - , 8. ring out
, . 6S. l warm _ tll Ilag 01 $amara , -, 8. take 0111 ii , -, ". ring 011 1
Jl , - , .. warm (up), ! ll, - , -, AlH. - fu s , -, - , .+IH. - well-known, , -, " ]; l1t . I'II~
warm , .+IH. , .+1. s ld- famous trick
n , . ! warm ard-bcarer .+IH. -II, . . Inlormalion ; new5 , -, ". l ; cheat
, -, . J~r .II H. -, . . knowledge , -, . , Inlorm ..:, -, C~. speak oul, express
, -, . l r , . 3 AI. . ~. thal mea ns , . 8. , inform It..: , '1>38. speak aboul, lk ~
HII.wa, . . sugar
, .. ll , . . - , . . meanlng, 5igni- , -. C/J. ll , shou[. (01.111 51atemenl
, -, (01. (bcgin 10) wait licanee , - , 8. ll , shoul, (OiIl) . - , ". speak 01.11, r s~
, -, . (gi 10) wall , -, 8. know , .+IH. , . . e.1cuse , 8"&S. speak aboul, mak ... .1
, - , . ( . . ) begJn 10 , -, 8. ll , , , . excusabIy sttml
read; engrossed in reading II" , - , -, , . -,, zoologlcal , - . 8. excuse , .+IH. - , ,. . s!alemenl
, - , . r('spec! ; begin 10 Id - - zoo l1 , - , 8. cxcuse ,",, - , C/J. finisll 011; drlve (1111 .
ll, -, -, .lf N. - reddened .
, .. -, 11. 1.00l hlci , - Hec/J. spring; rise; iSSIZC get 0111
, -, . reddcn, tur red , -, -, . - malricu- 80, .wH. - , . lsi ..:"" - , Hec~. fini511 ; ll1 I
, -, 8. redden lallon , . -, .+1.
sprlng, SOllrce oul, dtive !
. 8t>. l\1 rn red, bI\1 S!J I":, . -I\, . .11. secondary , -, Hec/J. " . wln ,",, - , . ll ; 111'
, 8&:. ' " red, bI\1S11 sl l gr<lduale , -AI1a, -, . _ extra, , 81>9. cllmb, go
ascl.'nd ,
. 1" s\1rprlse, '" mzIJ11 , - , 8. ripen special "" 111'
-, ,. li;
. -, . sew up , .+IH. -, . . speclator, looker , -, ". accompllsll, f1lsh; do " , 81>38. climb, go up, asccl1d
, - . . sew up , .. -. . If. loolh , -, HeCIJ. accomplish , lini sh; , -, . fOH" ea rs
, .... . . r 1s noise ,",, . . -, . . den tis t < io , -, 8. exclude, e.1pel ; swit.:tl
", -, . (begin 10) ris nolse .1 lI" .. -, . . denti5t , -, 8. (, e/J.) 011
. Wllj , .IIH. -, . . graln , . -, ' . . rig ,n , -, 8. lud ; l :
, -. . defend , .fI.H. -, . .... hYlcinlh , - , 8. lurn , pt out; ex tin- swircll olf
(). - , . gu lsh ,",.1 , -, -, .+IH. - tu rned ; <:.1-
delend , -, Htc" . turn off, put out ; pelled
bec... use extinguish lI", - , -, ,1111. - artificial
, -, . deeJHc and , .. -, . ,11. view; ar. pearar.ce l<, - , 8. glve bat11 [<.1,
, -, II". deciarc , .IfH. -, . . 5fr!p ; streak ; stripe; .1 "" - , ". ]ook Ihrough (al, ovcr) ; balhc
D, . -, . . slar band bring up lI" , fJ1>'J8p. lake balll, b~\11'"
u , . Q , . . -, . . cowslip , - , ". ]ook tllougll; - - , " . give b;\tll 10, balllc
. MII. - -I1, . .11. sound , . . - , . . play ; game; lig , look II" , 81>38. take bat h, bathe
, -, . ring II"rpa'l, .IIH . -, . .+1. pJayer "" -, HeCf. drive oul, ( 0111 , -, 8. expose, exblbIt; 5\;!!"
, . , . . beast , .II H. , . . ' , -, 8. driye out, lurn out , - . ". /l 8.
, . - , . . building ll, _, ". play , - , 8. ( , ".) , -, ". { l 01.11, lake
, -, -, .. - IJealthy; slrong ; , -, -, .+IH . - , playful 1l:, -, build , -, 8; (, .) 011\ .
solJd : '" good d , .. -, . . playg round , -, 8. build Oul
, .wH. , . ,11. Iwi1ight ; dusk , ". , . . - , . . buildlng () , .. , . . going !
, .. .fl., . . cabbage , -, 8 . ; go ~, -, c/J. (, 8.) rise , - , lI 8. fly onl, lake ofl
, -, -, .fI. H. - , .. , . . Ideologil t li:, -, ". (, 8.) ri se , -, 8. I.' 5, e.1hibil ; st.1le
, .fI.H. HR.wa, . . greenery, , .+I H. - , . . idea n. , - , 8 . go ; dlscharge; , - , -, "'. - e.1posed
dure . out 01; I Ihunder , ,II. ., . . aspecl : t.~
, .fI.H. -, .. vegelabIes , ,II. -, . . ceJl1lr n., -, 8 . go off ; discha rge; IiIbitlon, stalement
, -, -. . -,", Irm, agri. , , 8. clloose; elec!; selcl l Ihunder , -, .. , deceive
u l lJ , -, lI. choose; elecl: select , ... . H ec~. give 0111, emlt; pub .n , - , 8. " , deceive
,-, -, . - eartllY, rl Jll , . -, .+1. cl10ice; eleclion lish; iS5ue; belray , ~, . ( , 8.) 1:"
,", , .+IH. - , . . dugoul f , - , ". burst ( k) l , } , 8 . 8 . oul, come out
, . - , . . earth; ground , - , 8. burst (break) oul , .wH. -, . . 'ti , - , ". mea5ure
.
, .+IH. , .+1. son-inlaw, brother -, 8. 11sl () , .... . . pllbI lshlng , - , 8. me35ure
inlaw , - , Hec/J. hasten (up) house , -, Hec/J. wash

311 34:}
 : , 8. wash (0.5.) n, -, . (, .) knit rn, -, . draw (oul), ll oul lC, -, -, .. - 11isti 'I\
, -, 8. wash n, ., . . use; take rn, ~, . draw oul, 1! (oul) , . -, . . hlstory
, . wash (o.s). advanlage of lC, -IIH. , . .. easl
, ~a, -, . \1 tlred , -, . set uprlght, 51ralghlen , -, -, . - eastern
R, ~, 8. lire (OUI) , . 5tand , rlse , -, Hee~. annihilale, deslroy
, 8. gel IIred , - . sel upcight. slcalghl- , -, 8. annihHate. deslroy lC , . -, . . l l!-hu.
, ~, n. IIre (oul) , - 1 , . annillilat(', destroy
, 8. gel Ilred , -, 8. wipe dry ; erase; lC, . -, . . study; cOn~I , Jtln~
, . sland , rlse
, -, lI.ecB. freeze ,. room; surgery; !l (il )
, -, . freeze , -, CfI. send (off. away); send , ~, . say, 'll
, -, .
wipe dry; erase; rub
, -, . lorture, torment ( / 5.0.), 5 s.o. (10 the door), see s.o. , ., ~. !lm
, break away
~ , n8. is
, ~, n. lorlure, lorment , -, Hec~. send ( . away) ; , - . ., 8. break away , - . say, tcH
, -, -, .'1. ~ to rtured; hrss- see 5.0. (10 the door) , -, 8. Sludy; investJgale lC, . -, . . caslnO
ed, exhal!sted , -11. -, . . sender; - , -, . sludy: invesllgale lC8lC8, .IIH. , . . strap
, . ( .) in- $ who is seeing s.o. , . . exit; way out; ! KalC . ]w
!; find ! , -, . dcop (oul); miss ~, -, _, .IIH. - !1 8lC, .IIH. 1I.1I.lIa, . .
, -, . ( , .) , -, . drop out; mlss ujl . whoJJy. en!i re]y lClC, -!\, -lC, . ~lC . \Vll~1
invent; IInd l II, -, . smoke , -, . disappear (kind 01)
, -, n . (, .) lake , -, . smoke , -, Clt. disappear lCannalC, .. _II , . . {!
oul; ! , , . projecf; 5tand 011! , -, -, .IIH . -, ! print i, -, -, . - 5to11e
, . -, . . sutprise ,' -, . projecf: sland 0111 . , -, . l HP k"8 lC. -IIH. -, . . hlI11i1id
, , . 5rls, take 5 nolabIe {! , , c~. ! (up) ", . -, . . !
prise , -, . ( , .) flll ; , -, . ] ! II. k !! lC, AIH. -, . )1. lorry. Iruck
, -, -, ,II.. - surprised complete , It:;. clear 11 , ,II.. lC, . . slone
", -, . su rprise, lake , . fill; !!llfi1; ! , -, . c!eal I!p. k , . -, . . 50fa
surprise , - 8. fil1; fu1; l Il clear lC, , n. invite; ask, offer
, -, 8. (, .) lake , .. -, . . realizatlon. , 1t1>lt. ! , make cJear n, -, -, . - capl -
0111; ! fulfHmenl; performance lClC, .Il. II.l(, . . econolnY lalist
, .IlH. fiJi,ll.(I, . .. exporl , - . (JI. I;ece.) (il1; lClC, -, -, . -lC economic- lCanHTall, .. -, . . captaln
, -, . expose, unmask complele !. economic HanlCa, . -, . . drop
, -, 1I.tcB. expose, unmask , , . fuJfiI. Ol1t ; lCapaM, -, . drivc ; ride ; urge. k,'
, -, . plough , 1 , -, - . - il!ustr~ted (s.o. do 5.111.)
, ~, . plough , . . fd , -, . l\ave lC:, . -, . )1 . carnation
, -, n. lag behlnd. 10se t::, -, I;ece. (, . ) sing , . - , . . lCapeTa, . -, . . carriage; vicloria
(Iime) , -, . make, manufac- . mJ , .II . , . . piclure
, -, . abandon. neg1ecl lure, produce; do : cullivalc , . -, . . ! lC, . -, . . posl-card
, -, . abandod, neg!ecl , ~, . make, manl!facture. lC, -, -, .IlH. -lC imperia! n _ piclure post-c' rd
, -, . ]ag behind, 105e prodllce; do; cu!livale , . -h, . Hin(,\1 lC, .IlH . , . . po/alo
, - . (. 8. ) sing , ~, . level . smooth; balance , -, -.~HO, . - in- lC Iried potaloes, ll'
- . wa5h ", -, //. Jeve l. smOOI!I; duslriaJ , -, -, .IIH . - !!
, -, . drink () ( , balance , . - , . . il1dtr , . ~, . . 5afe; pay-desk; \... !;. .
.) drink () , -IIH. -, . . cxprel5ion i\ - ligh! induslry !ng-office, box-offke
, -, . wa5h , -IIH. -, 11. expresslon; p!lr<lse lC _ heavy indusl ry lClC, . -, . . cashier
, -, . rss lC, . -, . . injeclioll lCr, MII.. -, . . calalogue
il, -, .wa5 h
, . express 0.5. , . -, . Il. engineer lC, . ~, . . acciden t. dJ
, . -, . .. examina!lon , -, . eXj)re5S sasler
, .. .Il(l, . . engilleerillg
, -, -, . - haggard; sallow , . express O.S . - construclional engiL1eering - railroad accldenl
}t, -, . ml ; try , -, . (, .) grow , . -, . ,11. . instilute lC, . -, . . desk; 11fr (/l! ,/
: . searchingly , -, ~, . - Inlel- Jep(lrtm ent)
, - . ( " .. .) gr'' ligen!. clever lCaTO as ; . like
, -, . examinc; lest, try I:ao ( ) . 35 ()
, .'lfH. -, . intercst
, -, . (, ~ec.) drfnk (up) , -, lI.eee . whislJe; play , -, -, .1111.. - inlere51ing lC, . -, . .
n, -, 8 . ( , .) , -, . whislle; play , - , .. 8. lC8, -, -, . brown
(off, ) lC, -, n. jump 0111, dash out. Inleresled ! lC, -, . perch, aligbl; ](]
n, -, . frlghten , .I IH. 1, . . ill- l, -, . perch, alight.land
r., -, . frlg!lten lC, -, . jump OLlt ternalionalfsm lC, -, . lake , lifl
!, -, -, .IlH. - frigh lened , -, IJ. dlscJblrge, 5]1001 ; lC, -, nece. wanl ", , u. a5cend. rise
.,, - . . ( , .) lal!nch ( rocket) lC, -, -, . - Slis11 ~lJ, -, 1t. lake (IP, lift
( . ) , - . d!$ch~rge, 511001; IU]I , . -11, . . Irutll lC , . ascend, rise
, -. . ( , .) kn it ( rocki!tJ t'lC, ~a, -, .\IH. - real, true , .'1 . , . . qualit)'

:]46 : 7
 8 . - , -, .11 1(. -n I<pa 'lKa, ..,11. - , . . slep
conve n!ional ", . - . . r
, II . -. . ,11 . guard, conductor ..., ! cream
, ,lll. N . -, . . cough , -, -8, . - - , . , .11. thread _ /! ; r l cream
W , -, . cou gh " ')' I<, .IIH. -, . -'1. horseman, rl der .. -, -, .II. - cro:>ked, ( 111\' ,, 1 .
w8a ... p aT~ H. - , - , . - square , .II . ~, . . prln ce , .. .., , . . cavalry wrong
IIi, .II . -, (, ,111. . quarler; bJock , , . . -, . . yoke , .1111. H Ji.II O. . . hemp , -, -, . - wil1ged
neigl1bou rhoo d . when " , Jl /l . -, . . t in ne d !ood , ,11 /1. , . . wing
, ,III. . -, . . lodglngs . - wllen, wh vr , . -, t . . conslitu tlOll , AjH . (rltlcism
, ,lj H. -, . . , grlll , . . - , . . skl ; hlde : !ur : , II. -, .101. con!inent il:, - , . ! ; scheme
lI , .WH. -, . ,111. . w !t lea tJl er , . . smua:g ling I<otl , .IIH . - , .., . laHor
" , . -, . ,1( . shepherd , -, -, .11 11. - lc;ther ; l ", ..,. -, 11. jam, preserve , ..II. -, . . pea r, pear-I r~
I( , ,l( N . -, . . carpet , .IIH . -, (. . she-goal , Aj H. -, 11. conce rt ; concello , Aj H. -, . . pea r ; elect rlC bul h
" , .101 0;. - , . . cell , . . .. . . !;
fur ; pell , -, - , ..,. - - t" ..... elecl ri c b ulb
, "",. -, . ,111. . kHogram , , , .., 11 . , Ajetm . who, wllal. ope ra tive \., Aj H. , . . btood
, ,III./f. t , . ,111. . ki lo- wllich " , ~. -, t . ..,. co-opetator, 80 , _ , - , . - Ilercc.
me ler , . - , r.. . snowdrop m m ! 01 co-o pe ra!i" e) d- l h l
, ,. .w . . . cin e- , "I/ . - , . . JICII Jo: , . - , . . co-operator, , - , - , ,,1//1. - round
matog rapllY. Ihe cine ma , "I/ . - . . . ca r ; ! memb er 01 co-opc rative , . - , .11 . cross: \If aist
" , .w . HR .IfQ, . . haberda she ry - car Jo: ll', .IIH. - , . . co-operation , ' , ..II. -, . . , t vr
II , .II . -. . . i m , ,,1/11. -, .101 . ca rlcr co-operat ive slore; co-ope rative bIIXk , .II H. l<6 . .11. u
. . . - , . . m r2 , .lol .., . s U$gs 0 1 IIats , ~ H. - , . )1(. (\Io'o m~nl
"; cinema-operator , . . - 'll , . . hesita tion , -, -, ,IIH . - co-operaled " &, .II. -, . . doll
I( .wH. -, . AI. fil pro- ~ , AjH . -, . ~. I Jg!; , _, lIec~. dfg , ~H. -, . . ( uckoo
d uce r ", ./l. -, (. "1. collec ti ve. sta! 1 , . -, . ,11. 10 gi g . yea rn~n g I< YMYM!1LBKa, ,IIH . . . owl
, . . -, . . 1 1 1 fes! ival t . join l, unl ted . collectl vc ly Jo: ", - , . Jong ' , ,IIH . -, . , . hel leb ore
10:'"83 111, , liec~. boil ; ,tll (wit h n- n , . -3., -, . . whee! ll, . -, . . 5i!k !\, . -, . ,11. 10
ger) : , , HI'CO . kn ec l , -, -, JlH. - sHk, sllkc n , .II H. -, . . cullure : crop
, - , ( (1, il; seellle (w/ g) , .IIH . - , . ,11. l , . - , . . lt - m u sl ! d utl
IlIl, , -, .II . - 50ar , .., . h ow l1}', !IOW rtJU C!I, ho\\' " .If . -, . . bark, ri nd. (rus t ; - ! gro wing
, Aj H. Ail, . "1 . Cl1inese I< 6 ! much as, ! far s ~ kln , l ([ [u) , - , - , . . - ( u1ti\'al '
, AjH. -, . . Ch il1ese ""' " , .IoI . -, ( . ..,. rul, cart lrack, li , .., . - , . ,11. sh ip ed , civili zed; c ultu ra l
, -, -, Aj H. - Chlnese i\ il, .IlH. ;! " l:t , . . , -, -, ,II H. - hard . stifl ; callous. Jf., .IoI . -, . .11 . heap, pile
ll . _ , -, . - l uxu f i~n l kne e firm ; sta le , .II. - , . . mrl t
(0/ valleys, g ar dens) , ,,1/11. -, 11. m m d r I< , -, -, .II . - r , - , Hec~. buy
, AjH. -, . . nosegay , Jl /l . -, . .IoI. ( har . !! , AjH. -, , ,II .
rco! )' t<8 , JlH . -, . . cuslomer
, -, '!. s n e~z e vester) , .1of . -, . ,,1/. corrido r, s sg "!!, "1 /1. -, . ll , piJc
if , - , (1. s nee2e , .10111. -, . . m vpe- , AjH. -, . . Clu st. rind; covc r , - , ".
tl , . -, . . "", . spring r( r , ,1111. -8, . . steet lng wllecl , .101/1. HJUf a. .., . couragc
, . -, .. cllJ$ ; ([ U11/eaf) , ~ H. -, . .11. ( II , . ll . - , . . body: frame ; hull )' , .., . -, .11 . Ile;lt h reso rl
. - , -, Aj H. - cla5s )( , JlH. - , . . comedy , ,IIH . -, . .. bJ krd , Jl.H. -, . . coursc; rale 01
_ claH , "101 . - , . ~. commandan t , . -, . . 1IIIr: scytlle exchange
class st ruggle I< t , -, m!. , .II . -, . ,11. mower I< , . . -, . ,11 . s!udenl
claS5 t t d i , .IoI . -, . -'1 . clll mlley , -, -, .
cos mi c ~ I< , ,IIH. -, .11 . l!!
! .
, . - , . . com missar , .., . , . ,11. spaceman 'll, .IoI . -, . . !
, - , H e C/J. sh;ke, roc k, $way , II . -, . ~. ltl , AjH. . . . . cosmo5, space _ lett er box; po S!- I
lOt8, - , . ( . ~tcl l qUI -
cen' ral cOlnm lttee , .II . - , . ,If . 05l , 51!il , . - , . ..,. S!litcas e
, . -, . . cage , l _ execu tl ve mm II _ l lll g , ui t , AjH. - , . . li!l!e 5 uit s
) n , Aj H. -, . . ! , -, -, . - co mm iltee , ,ll. - , . . , ,IIH . -, . . kilchen
, . .. cli mate , .II. - , . . , part) , AjH. - , . .11. b asket , AjH. -, . . dog
, AjH. -, . . watercloset (w.c.) , .If. - , t. ,11. l , ..., cllest , .IoI . -, . ., !l. dog , ll
, . , , . . b ranc h _ bIoc/.:s, houslng e stat e , Aj H. -, t. . little b aske! , .11 11. -, (. . coach
_ post-offlce , .II . - , 11 . s!C\lft d Irull, ; , . -, . . "". lI. \Io' lle re
, Aj H. - , . . . cl ll b , , . , . .. cnd ; edge, .. ' wllcre
, - , 8. ( . 8.) sq uat , .II. -, t. . . compress ! , ,11 1f. , . (1'.
, AjH. -, . . book . . , . Jl . . l g. b cslde. ; n ll (! r ): sph ere
ro , "I/ . -, . . li b rary, be r o! the YOllng Commllnili l Leaguc ( , .1111. -, . ,11. !ool ; leg ..... g lob e
book storetlOu se G , .111'1. -, . . gir!-mcnlbcr , Aj H .., . ,,1/. klng , .IIH. -, 11. woodpec ke r
) , .. . HJiAja pape rs, document s 01 th e YCL 8, -3, -, .II. - b eauliflll ; han dsome . 10; lowa rds; ul
, . - , . . . bookseller ; sta tlon , /I. lI~ . .101. commu nism II , -w , H ec~ . adorn. b eautif)' \' I< ~ H .. . , . . skatcs
1<0 l< , -, -, . -
"statio ner's
, .. -, . . boo kshop ; mu n!s!
, Aj N. ... . ~. ho rse 3-49

34 8
 '\., -, 8. balhe, g!ve bath , _, -, . - foundry , .. ,f/, . .. pars[ey , - 8. meaS1lfe; wetgh ; I~kc
, tJ1>38p. bathe, lake bath , . -, . . meadow , . -, . . lape-rccorder ( .'!
temperat1lfc, measuremenls)
'\., -, -, . - bIoody , -, Hee~. Jubilate , . -, . .. cellar , . -, . , month
, ",. -, . . kerchlef; lowel .
, . -, .. liqueur . . )1.. , - -, .. - 1I11'11!lIIy
_ n fa ce-lowel , . -, . . l , ,f/H. -, . . mot her , . -, . . !
_ hand-towel , . -, . . ' ! ; rule r , .. -, . . k _ !
- 311 11andkercl1ief \' - railway !ine , )ojft. -, . . mis - pork
, -, tCl. mend; repa!r; patch ; , . - -, . . leaf ; sheet , . -, . . masler, f rm, - !
darn; slJeet ! paper erpert _ l
'\., -, -, .4I.. - short _ mIl ;\, . -, . . ree!; l1 , -&, -, .1l . - l]
\', -, 8. tear, break; p!ck (flow- , . -, . . Iiteralure , . .. mlO , . -, . . siti r.
ers) - scientific Jiterature i. . t!; few; 50 locaty
\', -, -, . - late _ technlcal literature , -, - , )ojH. - unde r , .6IH. -, . . bIrtll
. late _ f!ction age, jllvenHe l
, - , -, . -II" , . , .. r . i., -, -, )ojH. - IIltJ , sma1J , -, 8. , shilt
short (jilm) , . -;\, . . ' , )l.H. ., . . m , -, 8 . sweep
\,, .4I. . -, . . house; Ilrn , -, -, . - personal: , . - monaslery , -ll, _, .II. -
\', -, -, . - house prominent , )l.H. -, . :. demon- metallurgic(al)
_ at home , .. -. .. boalrnan st rti , - -, . . - , ~ -
, . ..., . . meat-ball , . -, . . (in the theatre) , . -, daisy . . .. teorological
, . : . . . v ~ neya rd , . -, .. stamp; trade-mark , . , 1:. . melre
, . -, .. . s!ogan - postage stamp . . -, . . mechan!c
, . -, . . puddle , . .. March , -, -"1110, .011-1. - rnecha-
, .. -, . . laboratory , . -, ... engine,
Iltiv 1, AlH. , . . lard nical
, . -, . . m , -, -, .. - engine , . . - , . .... mezzanine
, . -, . . tabIe; mass
J1a1(, . -, . .varnish , . -, . . Turkisll de1igbl , . -, . .
, . -, . .
_ varnish , . -, . . spade, shove! , . -, . . dr
, . J1aKTH, . . elbow , -, -, .. - bad , . -, . butter. , -, . dream
, . ..., . . tu!lp , -, -, .. - mad . - attar of r05es , . -, 1:.. sik; wash-basin
, . -, . . 'm , . , ... iO
, . -, . . i k-t , . -, . . m l
J1, . -, . . swallow , . -, . . ! sausage , . -, . . ink , -, ". wik
, , . bark, , . Il., . . rn , ,. ., . . l h , - , C~. wink
, . - , . , . ' , . - . . . lI lics , . . wshlg
, . -, . . bed , .. -, . . !ione5S , .. -, . . ! l ; clolh , .. -, . . microscope
, - 8. down , .II H. -, . . , -, . wave, ! l , wag ; take , -, -, .. - dea r, i
;\, -, 6. , stay bed , -, 8. Ife, (ll 1I (off , away, out) , -, . caress
", -, -, . - light , . decefve c.s., mi s' k n , - , . wave, f1ap; take (' , . -, . . iliti-m
l(, . -, . . hsli, doctor , . -, . . awa y. !) . mercifully, klndly
, -, -, . -med!cal , . -, . . s , . -, . . match , . -, . . mine
. . -, . . mediclne _ ta bIe-s , . ItH. -, . . machine , -, . pass (), go pasl
. lightly. caslly , . -, . . desser,-spoon - swig m , -, . pass (), past
, -, If. , treat - t-s _ typewrl!er , -. -, )l.H. - past, l r , las!
, . -, . . tecture ', -, ,. smell (of) , .)I.H. -, . , engine-driver , .. , . . pasl
, ... , . cherlsh \', . -, . . , , . -, . . furitur , -, -, . - mining
, ,. -, . . lll . kidl, lit! , -, -, .. - furnished , - , - , . _ mi ner;,t
. lazily; indolenlly , -, -, . - beloved , .. )l., . . honey ; r ( ), ,. - , . .
, -&, -, . - easy , . -, . . ! 01, amatel!r , ,. -, . . medical ( , , . -, . . mi i Sl ry
. , .. . , . . \ student) - Minislry
, , , . summer , . ., . . curlosity , . ,, . . medicine of du li
, . . , . . 0! , -, . 10 , - , -(1, . - medical - Ie Mi nislry of
, .1lH. -, . . airfieJd, ailport , - , If. down , . , . .. (bucket, forei gn Aflairs
, . -, _ . (muti, sea- : , 53. down, 10 bed cauIdron) - \' Ministry 01
side) re50rt :, )l.H. , . . summer n. between forelgn Trade
, . -, . . 110Ilday making , _ , _, . - .... . . -, 1:. . passer-by
, - , HeetJ. fly international , . -, . . lut
, . -, . . f10wer bed , . -, . . m , . -, . )1.. minor
, -, - , . - curalive, , )l.H_ -, . . mauso l e'JI , . -, . .. mr , . , . .
healing . .. - , . .Il. shop , -, . grind, mil1 , -, -, .. - peaceful, qlJlet
, , . cast, shed i. .. . . , . . smell
, .. -, . .. caster, founder () t r! Department 510rt , tJ. , -, . smell

351
" 8, -, ..(), . - peaee-IvJg , . /UI..wa . . Ij!:loom, dark ness
, . HJUla. . . love 01 , _, -, 1II. . - gloomy ' , .... . ". enter; penetrale; , .... , lUeB. impose, Infltcl
, JlH. -, . . net Invade , ~ , . pour (0111)
, . -, . . mission , - , . '!', 5tlr It , 8Ji, . enter, penetrate; ,. , UlJp. , grow illicy ; '"
, -, . think , -, . Iree:e invade fIIled wltb' / . . .
C"Jl, . , . . thought Jol , . , . 3 . it is . everyw.here ~ , - :~ u. pOu t (oul)
, . - , . . meeting, rl1 gelting dark .. . time II,' S&8. rlpen, gro.",. ilL
iey; ,
, -, -, . - custom{s) , II. II3., ca,l/O 3 . it is lIap. everywhere Id wlrh .:.,
, .II/f. _, . . customs duty gettlng dark . . oul, oulslde;,out--o' doors n, -,' CI." lmpose, In !lict
, , 8. wa5h () , .. -, . . mLls~um , -, . linish . 10 the .Ieft
fl, - , -, . - young .. , (5/(/f. 1ll. . ., . . music: lI, -, . fintsh , - , 8. lie dow n
n, . -, . .,11. , YOLlng , .\. -, .. moustache , , ..(), olI. - fmwning , sul1en , -, ,.. lie down
n , . , . . youlh, YOIL ng ., "'. , . . muztle ,! . probDbly , ' ",. -, . . tJ: ti l\ll.
people , _, ". poke, thrust, slip ". ( . ards) decrease
, ..II/f. R. . . youlh (Inlo) , ' ;" . -, . . tewa rd, pri:e, - reduclion 01 ..... ages
, . -, . .0/. milkman , - , . poke, thrust. 'li ( i I) award - . reduc!ion 01 salHie~
. , -, 8. keep silenl, ! , , .. - , . . log , -, -, 111.'1. - awarded , - , . decrease, diminish
word , -, -, . - wlse , -, . awa rd , - , . decrease, dim tnlsh
, - , . keep silenr, ! , .'1. -, .. ", - , . aw3td , - , 8. lind; consider
word , .. -, . . !, lrm! ". over, above , 8&S. s ittd ;
, ./. , . . milk , -ii:, . keep sllenl . ', aw .. y , - , . drop In
_ j ght, sour milk .. '! . sllenl1y , -, . endow HaMHHflHaM, -, . dfOP in
MII OO . very, m, '!fl, 1II.. ,l/. . . si!ence , -, . endoo.v , -, . ftnd; consldt't
, -, -, . - ittCJ3' , "' 11. - , . . cub, , - , ll. beat, deleat, over , . 8:. 5ituated;
tive, rcpeated \ , -, -, . - Jttt[c.
1:. , - , 8. 8&.111f1.
Ll , -, -, . - m , small, tln y , -, 8. beal, defeat, overcome frowlI
, , . , , - , 8. movc, 51 !r , .11. -, . . Ilope , - , . . Irown
', . -, . . power, mtghl , -, -, "''1. - la:y. idl t It ,-, 8. outstrtp; exeel, surpass , - , Hec~. strike ( blQw),lnl llcl
, . -, . . lashion , -, -, .. - turbid; muddy , -, . out5trip; cxcel, , -, . sl rlke ( blow).lnIIICl
, .t.IH. -, . . model. design , - , . l !, torture surpass , .1111. -, . ,11. string (0 1 beads)
MOAepe'I, _, -, . - lashion , '. lorment 0.1., suffer; , ",-. -, . . wage . around, l
endeavour - work l wage , .. - , . . atta.ck
. ! '!ii:.1, - , -n, "'. - palnful, ' tl. down(ward5) fl, -, . prinl, type
l1, , , .'1. . , mine tormenting fl, ", . -, . . inscriplion , -, 8. print, Iype
, 1II..
-14, . . requesl, (ask ) ' . with difficul ty , - , . I s rl , -, . write
vour; appli :alion , .II H. , . . measure , -, . Istt , . -, . . drlnk
, . -, . 111. . , - , . (for , -, 8. swell. 'blow , - , . r,te
, -, . ask, beR instaot) , -, . $\\'ll, bJow , ..(), 8. wale r, irr;gate
, M /f. - , . . gtrl, 1355 , , ". appcar (for . [ rhe right , -, 8 . .... aler, irrlgale
, .II . -, . 111.. l Instan!) , .IIN. -, .11. ren! , - , . dlrect
'! , M/f. -, . . girl , . MecTfI, . . place, spol; room; , - , 8. ren!, Il lrc; eng~ge , -, 8. make, do
, M/f. -, . . seal , -, 8. rent , hlfe; engage fl, - , 8. make, do
, . ~, .11. Lg , . back; behind; '" tlle rea r ! , .., - , .. - v~ i n .
!" }lfl, ",. - , . .(oast useless
, 1II.. -, . . coin _ drink loast , - , -, . - stren l,OIl$.
i, - , , , 1II. . - . 01; 10 ; on ; al; '" _ propose loasl strat ned
Iy, fig , -, ". gather, piek , - , . appoint . . forward ; '" Imnl
fl, - , ..(), 1II.. - Mora\'Jan , -, . gat!ler, plck , -, 8. appoint , - , . advance, proRrt" ~~
, .II. - , . . 5 , -, . approach , - , Hec~. s. play , - , . advan~. progress
&, ,II. -, . . earcot nfl , -, 8. approach, dw 0.'5 I , .II. , . . progress
" " stewed I5 near , -tW , 8. play 0."5 fill , . -, . . tens i"n .
!IIOPCH H, - -, .II. - 5, nalltieal, , -, . obscrve, walcll , .II. - , . . u i511ml strain, eflort
l . In L,' h3S ~ , -, 8. make (s.o. do , .111.). . In Ille spring
, .4/.. , .4/.. Moscllvilc , -, . bend induee . the eon,rary
, .11.'1. -, . . bridge , . bend 0.5., bow 0.5. HaKflpaaM, -, 8.make (5.0. do 5.th.) fl", .II. -, .11. tllimbJe
, . -, . . lJOe , - , lI. bend , - , 8.make lire , -, . leave; desett
, - , - , . - powerfLI I , 38. bend . s., ..... O.S. fl, - , 8. makc flre , -, .leave ; dese rl
. , . die tl, . lI,w, . . evc , -, 8. s]ander , -, ' -, , - '" order
, "' . ..(), . .11. lcos! ", -, . wlnd, roH ll, -, . slander , - , . ! in order ; arrange
fl , - , . hate , - , ". wlnd, ro ,.. in SIIO!t, brlefly , - 8. l (tnlo pleces)
. in the end, ! ' end , , -, . ! '" order, atr~nge

352
35
 ' lI.'l. 8. ll , ui., "'nH" -.'IHO, AlH. -, - ;, . contlnuously, '$ ilt, ' 011, -, .IIH . -, .wtcm. someolle,
.. . ,,",. called I10 l sanliy somebody
........ -., . call, .otI1, AlH. -, . . t ilil . ll ! ..., 'tUCA. some, 5evel ~ l.
... ....... . n3l. cal1ed, 15 1, .IIH. -, . .11. head, chief l, -., - , ./'l . - f,w
M.p~.iI.o AlH . -. .11. people .ti.H . .... . /. beglnolog, 5tart l 5, '5! /(. somewhere
.~, - -, .IIH. - ~pl e's,
national
, .IIH. -, . .11. way, mln ner, melhod
ll" , -8111' ". ''&8. eJl 0.'5 fill
, . -, . AI.
, -, -, .. - uqlll,
. -, ll.
,
have !; Ihere '! ( +

. .IIH. -, . . nalionaJlty ." , n , . tJ_ eat 0.'1 fill uneven

' , .IIH. -, . .11. dalfodi1, narcl15u5 't acm. , ot , -, -, .. - nervous
.9. , -., . l (up. 1010 pieces) , . -" . . sky, helven . irregul~rly
."'" . lhis way, here , , , . . .. . irresolutely, Ilesitatingly
." , . .. ~ . cul, chop ( , '" It; lalse: treacherous , .. -, . . discomfor!; adver- , -, 8. lel], Inform; teH
plecel) . tJ. slty, mJslortl!De , 8lt8. swr. ring "
., .IIH. -, . . insecl ... -, -, .IIH. - un see:1 Hecpt. .. eH, -.. , -.. , .II/(. -.. clum5Y ., - , ,. t('lI, ifr: tell
.n. . _. . . lorce, vioience . -., -, .11". - Innocent . Impatienlly , ''. answer; r!og 111"
. -. -, .IIH. - 10 0.'5 1111 , .II. -, . . mlsery, pllght , .II. HR.ti.a, . . Impallence , -, -, .Il,'1. - -
. , _.111. i/. cul, chop ( , ' ll 8.
H tBAta, . . . . _ brlde. wife
6, -, -, . -" Ilncom- 5alory
pi(5) (ortabIe, inconvenlenl .,
indiclment
." ...... -, . jump 10 0:1 'l rp", -, -1110, .ti.". - Illitua!e . out of place R, - , ". accuse
. - . . jump 10 0.'5 leet " n . ! far .way. ! . unliringly il.. - , . ~ccuse
n .., . -, . .Sundar; week , .. -, 11. fallure
. ". '" Ihe mtddle 01 R, -, 8. 51lfOund, encircle
. . oppos:te, over Ihere n :,-, -, .IIH: - undi5cip- " -, -, .It/(. - fmpo lile )1, -, ,. S\lud. encircle
.., -, . set ', Ilned , -, -, .ti.H. - - , .ti.H. -, . . 1IIncl,. d'nner
., ~. . ,! in, n, -, -, .ti.H. - di5sat;s- processlng and chemical !}, -, ,. uni!e
., - . ,. 5ltl, tix fied , .lttH. -, . . mi5fort une. l1:, , . unite
. 8. 5ellle, II , . -, . . dl5satis facfion dislster , -, ". troubIe, dist
, -.00, 8. ,tt1. flx ", . "., . . bewilder- , . -, . . 50methlng. tJllng 6 t, -, ,. roll . di s'lb
.. .. , 38. ,. flx ! , .II. -, . . (corn)fleld , .tlH. ', . .Itt. objecf; 51:bject;
.". - . -, .. - Inslslent ," . . HR.ti.a, . . ; bowels 9, .. -, . . lowland construc tJon slte
. apart, aslde (01 the earth) '. -, -, . - 10'N, 5110rt; ., - , .
, .IIH. -, . . mood; dis- , -, -, /(. - tender, iofetior , - , /(ectJ. Il g (5.0. ! 5.[11.)
, ..,/(. -, . . tenderness: dell lt nei!her, , .IlH. -, . . hang'ng
s'
lI.n' 88, -, . tread ; ,l '; , .tlecm., . nothing , - , ". h ~ng (s.o. lor 5.111.)
R . unnoliced, without 163 bul . -, ,. prom'se
advaoce
H.cn'oB.He, .IIH. -, . . settlng 10 ; belng noticed , .. -, .tlH. - .".. . -, 8. ris
advance l , ~k., -.,, .ti./(. _". ," .IIH. -, . . ( piece of) new5 , -, -, .tl/(. - well appolr.t l-d,
n'll, -, . tread ; 5l In; knowo , - , -, . -III furnlshed, equlpped
9, -, -, .II/(. -f New Year's . Insul!ing(I)'), rffen5ive{ly)
advance
, -, " . give courage 10 unknown , -, -, . - newly , -m, . Insult, ollend
, -, 8. glve courage 10 9, -, -, .ti./(. - inc\l rabIe 1iberated , . , /(. insull. oflend
, -, -, .II. - iht- Il, . . Novem ber
. Iha! way t<, -, Hec~. " round, tr\' l
", -, 8 . weigh down, grow , /(. -8. . . knlfe !, wandcr ~bou l; surrol!nd
Ileavler . somewhere , ..11/(., . , . . scis50rs , -, -, .". - ordi nary. 11511 1
", - , . welgh down , glo.... 'tacm. let .. , .II/(. -, . . knlfe, pocket- , - , 8. go round, I l o\'l.'r,
heavler , ..". , . .11. German . knlfe; bIade wandcr about ; s u!d
, -, 1!C8. 10ad up ; cllarge , .II. -, . . German ", - 9 5a fety.razo r bIade , -, ... 8.
l, - ". load ; charge , -, -, .IIH. _ { ', .II. , .tl. IIall , .WH. -, . ... habit : cllSIClm
.~I". -, 8. il up , -, -, .IIH. - German , .II. -, ..". nu mber , -, . love; IIke
., -, ". il . . suddeo ly , .IIH. , . . $ tl , -, 8. surround, encirc:c
HI~Ka , .IIH. - , . '. koowledge; SClence , -, -, . ... ssry , .II. -, . . por!er o(il(tl, -, 8 . 5urround. encircle
.. , -, 8. '; leach , - , -, . - boundless, , -, 8. carry; wear , .tlH. , . . province, di5!ric\
.. . -I, 8. learn ; leach Inllnile , . -. . . nigh! , . 8 . dress
.. , -.. , -.. , .IIH. - scientlllc , _, -, .II . - , -, 8. 5pend [he nlgllt , . dres5 (0.$.)
n . Insolenlly , -, -, . - un reaHzed, , .IIH. -, . . llr ! , (mm ! , .tlH. -, . . c[o[lling, clo! ll('s
", -, 1!C8. give $.0. ! eat. un!ulf1lled Hy ~a , . -, . . need, neces511y ro _ ready made clo!hes
feed . unexpec!edly _ need. 10 need 01 - clolhes d 10 Oldu
"." , 38. eai, have eoough , -, -, .IIH . - unknown, strange. , ;\ , /(ell. need, '" , - , 8. Ilglllen; ease, reiieve
",w need ! , -, ". lighten; e~5e,
' !
11I,-, " . glve 5.0. 10 ! , -.II., -, .IIH. I , -, -, .II . - necessary relieve
z1. , tJ. eal, have enough 10 e~t gular: wrong . necessary , -, -, /(. - dressed

354 355
'., -, ". dr~s . , -, CIJ. make tht round of, travtl
- ( tJ&3IJp. drtss ( ..) all ovtr . lively , -, 8. tam t
.o6~H . . -, . -". o.change , -, " . make Ihe roulld 01, k, .., . ( ! , revive , -, . descrlbe
- , ., ( . exchange ( l ll ovtr u, ,wH . ,t/, . . ani mation onp.A, -, 8. louch: '
' , -, ,. h g , -, -, .. - vasl, R., -, Htc/J.. (back) 10 , Jl, -. -, ,wH. - de linlte, fix ed
o(I ~8 .. -, . . Jmsig extens,ve; del alled re vl ve , - , 8., 8. ta ke up
(paylng) customs duty , -, -, ,w ." - m , genttal, joinJ ; '!., -, . rms, rlse (lgaJn5t)
s:., .. , . . e;o;change universa l Q\IIU., -, /!8. , - , ., 68. !ak c:-
, -, ". rene w , ,wH . -, . . hostel , -, -, . - synchronized; arms, rise (ngainst)
il , -, ". renew , . -, . . municipall ty, dubbed nJl. ,wH. - ', . "'. volu nleer
, -, -, . - refreshed u ; lown hall , .., . relver, we ll g l , -, . -< rll ri l .
Op.iTOPCII:H,
0 6, .Il/f.. -, . ..It. mil lt ary Irsrt u nit , -, c/J. mix , co nluse, Jl, , I!8 . , ,., rheloriea \
, .. -, . "'. cow-house, stabIe entangle r i 6 ..
-, . . OJ : .
., - Htc/J. cultivate; ; \'lI: , f18. gel l d fl p , -, -, . - embi ttered , . - , . ,14. organ lze r
polish \', -, -, . . - mlxed , , - , e/J. li d 0.5. , -, ". g iz
<, -, ". IIvt; If!; ,pol i!!1 fused, cnlangled , - , H I'C/J. find 0.5. , -, -, .. organl zt d
,() , .If . , . .... appeara nce, I g, lI:, -, I!C. mix , ,confu5e, 'l> , - , 8., ' 38. look round, , . , . . eagle
{ enlanglt cast futtive \ . ,wH . , . ,61: walnut
- , . . , . . model, pat- 06\ lBaM , 1J'638p. gct mixed up (n- , - , /!8. , 8ft3IJp. look , . ,w, . ,14. rlce
lr fused, entangled) round, cast ( glance , . -11', . . she-eagle
' , .IlH. ., . . dutll'l ~ , -, ". (1. JfI!CIJ.) !uro Il, -, 8. glve, rtn der; eJ.ert 1., NH. -11'., . . anns, weapon
, -, .., .. - doomed ~ 'l., -, . ""ipe (, "") \, -, . g ive. tende r j ,! , n. excepl, be51dl!'5
\, -, " shave 'w, ~, 8. wlpe (011, away) . Oll:bBaM , 63., . prove. found , .II . - , t. . light(lng);
" , 8MtJp. sl18ve (0.5.), have ,. , .. ~H, . _ announcement , nol lce 10 eJfleidatio n
st1avt , -, 8. annoL1ncc i, -, . Ilang , -. 8. IIgtll Llp, iI1 uminate; tlll-
\ , - ~, c~. 511 , -, H ~CB. n , -, . Ilang- cldate
\ , 8~ . stla ve (0.5.>, Ila ve , -, 8. have lunc h (di nne r) Oll:eaH, . -, . . , , I!. 1igtlt up, l l;
shave , -w , 8. explaln 011:0, ,wH. , . . e l L! cid ~ te
\, -, Htt/J. ( , C/J.) !urn li, - , /i1'C8. ex p!ain ll: , -, -n , . . -, 5urrou nd- 8 0 (' , .+IH. -, . ,14. li beralor
Ct, 8. l ur (0.5.) , . ll., . .11. oats Ing ; ncighbouring. roundabout Jl , - , -, .II . - Ii('
, .II . - , . . ob 5ervatory i! - , 8. moist. damp Il: , .II. - , . . vicini lY, neigh . aling
, - , HeC/J. ; heap )j', -, Hl!elJ. <:l lIIol5t bourhood Jl, , 8. Ii . free
, -, 8. 'H~ap (dam p) OIl:OJ\C1 . abouI; around , . Iree, liberale o.s.;
, -, . serve, atlend 10 , . _, . . fru il lree, fru it . fl na Hy sel free; get rtd 01
, , . serve ; .~ ltend 10 , -, -, ,wH. , fruit , . -, . ,14. trench, dileh , - , 8. liberate, frte
. . , . . fLlr1sh;ngs, 5et , . 11 - , . . 5heep Il:, -, . mow , . Iret, liberate
Ilng; 5 itu ti , -, -, . 51Leep ll:, -, I!. "" 0.5. ; set free; l rid of
li _ !10m l sh r , -, 8. ring, resound wlt h Il: , -l.lI, 8.
insptre wlth hope . , .. ,, . . de ll very;
, , Hec/J. r at ;
bom b ard , -, HI!Cd. ri ng, rsu d ""Jtll Il:., , l!8. tnsptre wilh hope: release, dismissal
., - , . !
; b omb ard Jl, .IIH. -, . . mirror , . "'. Oclober , ,w . HR.lln, . . libernlion
, ,, C~ . diSC U55; Consider Jl , -, 8. survey, exam ine , -, -, . occupied , .+IH. -If, .
. foundation; base.
\'Jl, -, /itt/J. discuss ; consider , tr. look l 0.5. ' mir- 0.1111'0, .lfH. . . . ( ve r elabIe) 011 basis; st em (mm)
, -, 8. pul 5.0.'! sls fOT ro; look rll d , . ,t/. . . Je3d , -, 6. l base of, lou nd, set
lii , 8 8. look ! o.s. '" , . . ILl, h al red 8, -. HI!CIJ. l base 01, set LI P.
, 8f,~. pu l 0.'5 shoes (S lock- irrr; look rd \ , - , C/J. gel married. eslabIish
Ings, trousers) , -, - , . - fiety to 08, ,wH. -, . .+1. fou nder
; , . . - , . . sllOe , . -, . . { ; wa ll ; railing ,," , - , I!6., O3(Jp. get , -, -, ,wH. -8 basic. {LI n-
, -, 8. leacll, Irain , -, 8. enclose, l (in) m~ rried , 10 " dame nlal, principal
, , /ittlJ. (each, Irain , -, . enclose, { (I n) 1., ,w H . -, . . marrted , -, -, . - slrange; speclal
, .. , . . leac h ng, tra inlng , -, 8. slilne () , . . , . . preservallon, . t special1 y
, ,wH. I'. /i.ll 51105 , -, -, ,wH. - , Ire prot Iion , -, 8. remaln, slay (beh ind);
, - , elJ. pLII 5.0:5 shoe5 (stock- mendous , ~lIa, ~, .lfH. - dang trou, lell ( )
ings) fo r him , -, I!. shJ ne () . dangerou51y , -, CIJ. ' (b ehind, oUI), l l
Ct, 838. PLLt 0.'5 sllOes (stocklng5,
,' ,w H. t, . .11. life ;\ , . -, . . dan gc r . , -, /!6. ' (behind, 0(11), ' !
ttc.) ll:, . -, . ,14. ea u. de,colog ne lI:, ,wH. -, . . lai1; q ueu e , -, 8. !, stay ( hld),
ll, -, 8. take ', scize, spread , .IIH. -, . . bIankel , . -, . . j operahouse ' " ()
811 ll, -, H tclJ . fl , -, . touch; lean , . -, .11 . isla nd
, , 8. take ' , selze; spread , 8. get iid , -, HI!C/J. desc ribe , , , .II. sharp,
1 1 , , c~. marry 011 , ,wH. -, .11. experl ence; allempt, poin ted, keen, acule
, IJ3lJp. l m i d eHort; ex pe rimenl, Icsl \., -, -, . - condemned, doomed
, -, -, . . - e::rperie nced; on., -, 8. , condtmn
eJ.pe rimenla l
5 , -, . l
357
 ;'
, I -, 8. ; condemn -- lo1" electric ~1 . the stde, Ihe side , ,l(H. . Af
. 8, -, . reallze; out ; appliances deparlmenl , .11'1 . -", . . .l - 5]] change
; l fu I <" - f u rllur deparlmellt . -, ,. retrea! ; yield, gtve _ banknole5
'8, , . rllz, carry - ( dm t Jn;
inferior (10) . ' 1, -, . - Par i 5t~n . 01
.> oul; fu llil , -, . separale; pul :tside; de ct, .IIH. -, . . rclreal ,
n.. of, out ,; from ; off; for (cause); lach . , -, 8. rel real ; yield, give in ; nllpK, . -, . . park
, than , 8fl,. separ~!e ; ge! d t lld ; ( { tlO) Park of . Liberty
, .II. -, C .fI . ( m . 1.. -. ,. absenl , . JCQ, . ,1(. ground {Ioor : pil
, -, I1'C8. (, - 8. ) " . -, ". sepa rate: put ~sl d e; !}, - , HeQ. (~ , 8.) ! , - , -, . _ pJrly
, - , - , . . ye rtfca l de!ach up, s(ay , .IIH. , . . .rtJ
110p. { ; condescend- , 8'8. sep;!rale ; gel detached ; . lrom there; theDce 5, gu ill J
ingly . . desperately I1 , -, -, .IIH. - partis.a n
. . .fI 11. - , . challenge
.fI . , ! below ; undClncath , -, r~port ". 11, 1. - . . party
- beg 10 st ruck off Ilst " , . , '. . lalherland ", -. -. AfH. _ rjrI (ig) . _ Communi5t P~rl y
, ,1111. -. . ,61. opening 0 , - , ., . respond _ rcport , .1111. - , . .11 . perfum .. , ,!
, -, -, .fIH . - 0 n , - , ,., 8fl8. respond , - , 8. , glve l ~ , - , , . perfumery
, -, (.1. (ll, l1ec8.) open , . -, l1ectJ. go 0 1 ; admit (0:5 fJu]ls) , ACI1. _, . . piece
;' , , lI(.l. reply, answe r back; , -, 8. go , - , ,. l . 5hape ; pul Inlo , .~, 8. grlze
. 0lo1 , - ' 8. refu5e, deny word5 , .II. -, . ,11. passpon
;', - , 8. reply, anslI.'er back; , -, 8. refuse, d , ,. ta ke ,hape, , -I, -, . - passport
lo1010 lIJ than , - , 1. f, shape ; put Inlo nllcTI, . -, . . pa5te; cake, pa5try
0 1 , , . bri ng up, breed ; lo1, -, l1eu . dlscoyer: ; words __ SI tooth paste
cultivate , 38. take shape, , .II H. -, . . duck
, -, 8. brlng up, breed ; lo1, -, -, .11101. - ; r; fran k , . ,l(, . ,1(.vlnegar ;\, . -, . . egg-plant,
cllltivale r, .ItH. , . . d , lo1lll, , n8. ! glne
tr, -, I18.; ans wer; respors- , - , . discover; ; IJnCOYN , -, 8. outline; de5cribe , . -, . .11. palrlot
ibIe ( OTIo1 ~IP BaM, , . 11fJ: back , . outlined; promlse , ,l(H. Q, . . patriolism
, . - , . ,11 . answer lo1 , -, 8. ; bac k to . . , _, -'11'0, . - patti
, -. -, . - 5 5 ' , -, . ;way , -, ". outlinc; d eJ c rle ..
ibIe , -, . pour out; cas! . 8 &'' oullined ; ] 5 ll, . - , . . l
, . -1111,' . . person res , -, . ! cut: cast 10 .. n e B~ , ' MI1 . , . , . 5inger
Jsi { 5.lh. , , 8. f1 away . . more; 51\1], ! , , . bake, rs! ; 10.151
, -, 8.answcr "lo1 , ,1111. -, . ,11. ll I sluden ! " .. ,, /) n e Kace, B~p. bask (in tlle sun); baked
, -, . glve, r~n d er (worket) , .II . - , . JI. pensioner
, - , . thmw 011 ; check ' n , ,. .II , . . a,she5
, f]a. devote 0 .5.. give s. 11
. - , 8. pass }': pass ll then, and , . -1'1 , '. . viper
. long g
, - , l1eCB. pass )' ; p.ass , .IIH. - , . .11 . ill ::> ; 5 1 11 . ,1111. - , . . butterlly
, , 8. glve, render
, - , ". ave nge , -, - , . _~ paved . ~, 8. wa5 h, do the was hing
, 811 8. devole o.s . glye 0.5. up
', - , "8. aYClIge , -. ". {ll /down) , . -, . . (pair !) compasses
", - . 8. , !n away ;
(' , - . . throw ; check il , l1ece. 8. happen (10 ); gel , . . ... . . (window) curtain
allenate , .-I. -, . . plalform
OTHaCIIM, - , ". lake (away), l i, - , . faH {down)
" , 8. m aw.1Y, m
alienated ( ,. ) . , . 8. h~ppe n (10 ); gel ~, .IIH. , . . song
I1QP. ' Ihe beginnln2 ; ! the , . -, . . mar kcr , . -, . 11. s i nger ~
", - , . , m gill i g songster
~", .II. -, . . guard
ilway : aliena!e , -, 8. de prive; take av.ay , - . . gUlrd ; keep: preserve , . .11. cock
.. eT ~JI , .
, 8flJ.p. away ; , -. . dcprive; lake away . again !: , .-I. , . . pelro]eum, 0 1]
alienated , - , cfJ. lake (away). carry (awa y) , ,. -, 11. package, l nen'K, . - , , . Frlday
~ ,, ~ , , -, . - dlsta nt, Temote . anew, Igain , - , . do miscliief (1Iar m) , .-I. .llQ, . . inlantI)'
, .IIH. - , c. ,II. secl ion, de paltment , ~H. , . . heallng l1 , ,II . -, .fI. mlschieyous "lI, . -, . . gain, fil
- INlherwear de , -, 8. sClld, direct " , , , -, . . al, ! ne lfaT, . -, . . sea!, stamp ; prin!
partrnen r , . make !; se! l<, JlH. - , . .. rnl , -, ,. pr:nl, pubIi5h
- I d l s' unde rwt Jf , -, 8. send, dlrect , AJ// . -, 11. cotton ; colton woo t , ,111/. -, . . prinler
dcpar!men! , 8&3'. mk for; set 011 , -. -", .II . - cotlon i, .... -, . -" printlng.
- ready made clothes l1ap. ( front of .. , .ItH., . -/, Il, prtn!cr's
c1ermtment . , 1. -lo1, . . hol iday, 1 . .11. Irouse1s , .It H. -, . . pri:iling ' !IOI,se
- lo10 kni!led wcat depa rtment , -, -, . - JISU5 , .II. -, . . pant]ler ! , .
- kitc hen utensi1s , -, -, .11 11. - burdened wltl1: , . -, . It. " n, - , . . ga in .
di rtm't . covered witll , .ItH . -, . . steam lI , . -, . :!/. sto\'e
- sports , - , . (, - .) put , ,II. -, . .11. (5!eam)silip . 1001
d ('p~ r!mc n t 11, slay ~ , - , -, . - steam , . -;! , .11. pede5trian

358 359
II~, ,w,H. -, . . : lu rnace , - , ,. .. , ', . hand, '~ach ( , -, . splash, !
tltA, ntew, HeCIJ. , ing , ,w,H. -, . . Irlbe '" , ''. OUI , stJck ! (, -, c~ splash, !
, ,w,H. -, . . pllno t , ,w,H. - , . ,w,. nephcw , . - , .11 . presenl .. - , 8. supporl, IJp
~(' , .. - , . . play .., , ,IIH. -, . . niete noAaptf, _, . present (wllh); gJve 1 , ,w,H: -, . . 5eason l n~
, , ,. dr lnk. have drink .., t , ,w,H . -, . ,w,. captive,
prisoner , - , ". present (wllh) : Jltf, -, 8. early, rlse early .
, - , . drink, have drink i, ,w,H. - , . , slap in the ' give . , - , . early, rl ~l'
., ,w,H. ,w, bullons, bools ( ol , - , . knJl; weave, braid , .. -, . .. sendtr early
hotel) , .II. -, . /. envelope , .. , . .. explolt , -, -, . - in good Ollll'r.
, .. ~Ta, . . chfck en , ,w,H. -OB~, . . 'ruft 04 , -, 8. shout (~I ) well arranged
_ ., roa51 chlcken . , _, -, ,. - fruil , , ". shout (l) , .. - , . . dctall
, .II. -, . . pi lol , , -, ,w,H. - fCl llle , -, -, J4H. - (book) bound , -, prompt, suggest
.
, . -, . ,w, . ploneer ', ,w,H. - , . . pleal, fold (in\ i, - , ". prompl, sugge~ 1
, -11, -, AtH. - ploneer , ,w,H. -, . . area , .. -, . . binding , .II. -, . . blse, ,upporl .
~, . ,11. pepper, red pepper , ,w,H. - , . ,w,. squ~re, clrcu! llrn , -, 8. prepare . pedesta]
t - pepper , -, ". swim rn, - , . prepa re ( , .. -, . ,w,. delendanl , prl
~ - red pepper , ,w,H. , . ,w,. swimmer , . -, . . preparation soner l Ihe !
(, .. -, . . (w rillng) de$k , .. -, . /. plough , - (, Ne". succumb, yteld, , - , FHtC8. urge , push , .
, .. . . . pell, founlaln-pen , , ,. spil give in slirnu1ate
', ,w,H. -, c.,w,. writer . . al0ng; ; ; In; 10 : 81 ; (, (, 8. su(cumb, , -, 8. urge , push , 51i-
, - , ". scream , ,w, H. -, . . victory Yleld, glve in mu!ate
t , . -< , . ,w,. nib , -, -, ,w,H. - qu rd , ,w,H. -, . . support , - , . scenl, S1J1; get wind (11
(, . HJI,w,a, . . literalure; t, -, -, .II . - \'Ictorious \,, - , H~C". s por!, hold , -, ,. $cent, Slll: get
lileracy : educalion , -, 8. (onquer, overoome , ,w, H . .ll, . . reviva1, upsurge; wind 01
, ,w,H . -, . . leltel . , .. , ". conquet, over- uplift , - , ". toss, Ihrow (In),.
- (.( JXllte restante , t , -, -, .II. - under- bandy
-38 letter for the provinces , -, ". turn (grow) ] grcund, subierrenean , -, ,. toss, t!Jtow (Ir1),.
_ Jetltr for abroad , - , 8. turn (grow) palt' 1i r! w ll h bandy
.... letter by air mi l , - , Nec8. (1lse, Ji ( , -, 8. glve way lunder) , -, . underllne;
.... regl$tered I ! (, tn38p. ris .,. , , t8. gtve way (under), phasize
t - ordinary l ! , -, ". ral' e, lift lall , - , ". under1ine; 1hs1z
- i recorded deli , lJI.'. r~lse 0.5. , - , 8. suppon, back , -w, CIJ. subordinate, sl.Ibdue
, (reglstered) I! , .. - , . . 5hon l ~ 1I, - , 8. $Uppon, back , - , ,. subordinate, 5It
. more
'II , -, ". sctcam
- , .. -, . . ( short) l!
. , ''l., . ask
.
t, -,
damaged ; lau lly
-, ,w, H. - oul 01 order.
, .II. -, . . s(oundrcl, villatn
, .. - , . . sole
_ lealher sole
'"
, - , ,. ,
", - , ". li ne, h1
hem

~, ,w,H. -, . : drlnk , - , 8. l , ,w,H. - , . . r-oe1 ry

.... rubber 50]
, -, . wrlle , ' , . repea! IIOeMa, . -, . .
, -, (8. make young agaln , , , . (01) song
, , . drlnk 08II.. . - , . . surlace
, lJI. grow young aga1n,
, - , ". bel ieve =, .. -, . ,w,. potl
'II , -, ". I]oal : ssll, nsvig3'le look young
, -, 8. stroke , ,. -, , .. Ilre
', ,w,H . -, . . beach , - , ". make young
1 , -, Htc8. stroke , -, ". wi sh
' , - , - , .. - arde nl agaln .
, . . - , . -w. Icok, g]lnce , -, . wish
'tll, - , ,. bIaze up, bursl Inlo .. -, 8. look (.1), glance (.1) tl , tl&Jp. grow you ng again, ," , - , ~. r
Ilame$; Ilare up : bursl oul: f]ush , -, . look (11), glance(lt) look young , , lIec8. reap
"' , ,w,H. -, . ,w,. fl m , - , Htu.; 5WJ llow ; abso rb , -, ". serve; ; prc- , -, 8. rlng, ring up
, .. -, . . Ilame , -, ". speak; ta]k sent , -, ". ring, ring
.'t1, /. -, . . ] Iitt1e (wilh, aboul) , -, (8 . serve; oHer : present ., . -, . .11. Kreet ing
t( - monlhly plan ; . , . . provcrb, saylnr , / . -, .11. Iray , - , - , ,w,H. -
_ yearly plan noroBopA, - . sk, talk 1 tl , -" , (8. Improve, bettcr 01 greeti n~
.... productJon plan t, -, - , ,w,H. - wrong tf , -, . Improve, beller , - , ", greet
- , ,w, H. -, . . p1anct , - , ". n3/Jp. lakc Clrt' , ,w,H. .ll, . . improve-
, -, greetHec/J.
, ,w,H. -, . . mounlaln 01. look afler ment gill, gilded
t , , -, ,w,H. -
, -, -, ,w,H. ( mounta!n, , - , 8. Jp. lake- " . 5uspldouS]y
mountainou$ , .. - , . . rs
031, -, 8. know, recognize-
( 01, look alter
, -, -, ,w,H. - wellknown
, ,w,H. -, .. c10111 , materia1, fri \, -, 8. swallow: abSOlb , ,w,H. -, .11. In(endlary: war-
monger ", -, e/J. know, re(ognize
6, .. -, . . cloth, IInen, collon n' , .. R., . . hel1enizaliOfl
, , . show
.... road bed, road , ,w . - , . . . f] oor , -, ". supporl, prop
, -, 8. . under, below (, .II . - , . .11. slgnature , e&J8p. S110W, appear
. timidly , -, ~. hand (l); pass , - , (8. slgn nOKt3BaM, -, 8. show
, - , Htu. cry, wecp (, IJbl8p. oul, slick out , .. -, . . IIn1ng , n". show, !

360 361
 : . , -, Hectl. iv it t. -, C(J. keep s ilenl ( J w tl
., -, -. JltH. - Invited , - , HtCfJ. k~p silent fo r ... . JlterwJ rds, later ; Ihen ", , ,. W.1it lor
, -, C~. jnv;le while " fl, - , - , .II. - last " , - , , . grow (m ) hrowll
Q .II III , - , H~C'. bow i1(, -, Htt(J. (, - .) sl.1 nd. .1 , -., - , .lfH . - (t d)
n !Ii , - , 8. bow d , ; ! up wilh consis/enl , -, ". grow (mI
. - H U~. hesilaie . ! leasl , - , 8. IIsl 10; 1isten 10 brown (tanned)
n , - , 8. Ilesitate , / . - , ..11. Monday
. the advtce 01 ", -, ". re51 , ha ve ' ('51
"", -, . SllbjlJgate , subdue; - ~ 5, 51 . , - , ". l i st 10 ; lislen 10 ; ,. ha ve resl
que r .. , . , . . ' Getman tlle adv 01 ", . . - , . . 5 1 , break
nOKopllsaM, -, HUS. $ubj l.lgate. subdue; , - . . , -, . , -, " . ", -, " . reSI
conquer lI' . sometimes
dare . , &'. have rest
t> , .., . -, .. roo! :, -, . absolb." :~k up, sllck , . -, . . em bassy ", 5$ away
caol4o 3 11. d ie,
, ,II: H. -, . ::. covering clOlh In; I , - ". idic t, i l out ; show " , .IIH. .lf, . . l n i g
- lIerJl;o bed cloth ., - , ". as k noco .. aM, -, . i dtc l . polnl 0111; ~, - , . ll
l (10t h 1 , -, . ask , show , -, . knock l
, AI!'I ' -, . ::. purchase , -ire , 8. . . , . , , . l, l , -, . knock !
JlGJl . . -, . :. skl rt , .IfH. -, , . correctlon ; lepalf ". . -, . 11. lS
wtlO , - , . joke, .1k 111"
_ slra igilt sk lrt ll8 , - . cottect ; re pair, me nd ; /5 5.0. /he slatlon'
! 01: I Jes t
_ gatJlered sklrt revise , , ,. meel , receive , . -, . . post, post oflice
_ pleated skirt , &. do better, l O.S.: nocT.tBA, -, 8. l ', pul. sei _ central posl office
pa3 kpoeHa - gored sklrt pul weighl . , - , . place, pUI, sel , - ) special delivery
~. .. , !}, . . fieJd , -Sl, . correcl ; rep.1Jr, mend : , . -, . . 5lagi ng. pro- 8 _ air
, - , . lie dow n ; flattened levise d ucl ton l1, -, - . ,-. - post, posta l
~ , -, - , .&IH. - u5eful , ff):J. do bette r. ! , -, . Sflread. ! , - m , C(J. appear
, . -, .fIIRI1t . S.; ! weJg h t . . grJdual ly . R , - , ".
, -, . make use of, use ~ , -, H ee ~ . fl lI in (up) ; l t , ~ H . -, . . l11v l '~ , . . -.n, .11. proto-
, .I(H. - , . . polycli nic 110 ~ ; -, . 1111 i (up); complele , -, . spread, cover Bu lga rian
, Al H. .ll, . . politics , - , . work lia le , -, -, . - covered (with car- , -, -, .II . - slraig hl, up rJg l1t :
, - , -, .II H. - pollt lca l , -, ". wo rk l i
pets) 5 l d i g: rigilt
, _ -, . AI. l im n. bause 01 {! , - .,-, . - consIJn/ : , - , -I1 , .lfH. - regular:
. , .II . - , . 11. regiment , .lfH . , . . d .. reat
in V.1fiabIe: continuous rJg ht, / .
u tUAl. nu. ha lf ~, -, -, . - defeated; sfrllck . const.1 nt ly. al",,'ays . rlgl1t
, ,IlH. -, . . Illf (); d . , .WH. _ , . . building , .lfH 1, . . rule
' , -'! . -, . . (lsit ' ; situ- , -, ". stri ke. over",,hel m. 51a rlle {!, - , ". build , .IlH. -, . . government
~ tlon , -, t'. strike, ove r ....helm : {! , '&&. bul1t .t . 5t r lgi1t, direct
n, -, -, .III~ . - ficld : Polish slarfle , - , 8. bulld ll, . . -, . . rlgilt
, ,IlH. - !!: , . . 11allt ime , - , . grow up {! , ''' ~. b uilt , . 't, . . l .....
, . HR.ll a, . . mldnlgl1t , -, 8. gro w I] , -, ". ( , " .) 50"'" .. ' , -, - , ,-. - reet-
\ , ,IlH. -, 11. peninsula , -, He(f. enslave , -, ". dance l wh lle gu t r
5 lI - Balkan lsul nl1 (i , - , -, . - s l ~ved , -, ". , l out, 51art ( , -, . rnake, do
.. , -, . r('ceive, gCI (i , -, '(J. enslJve
journey) r, . . -, . .11. Ih reshold
", -, Htt(J, reccivc, gel , .If>t. - , . . ga tt, gJleway r R, -11, ,. sel out, 5tart (0/1 (1 , -, -, . - ~mpty "; vJcanl
, -, t. lie dw; f1 Jller.ed , .II. -, . 11, door keeper. pOIler. jour/ll'Y ) , .II. -, . 1101lday .
,s., . -, . ,11. Pole carefaker , -, #(". suppress. oppress, , _, -, .lfH . - .. ho lld.1Y.
, . -, . . Pol lsh woma n ~, . . - , . . purs e re press fcs live
fl {! tt, Al H. -, . . g ladc, meadow , /. -, . 11 . orange it , -, C~. SUpptCSS, oppre5S. repress , - , ,. eelebrale
, - , 8. 11elp , .lfH. -, . 11 , port r.1it , -, -, M Ii . - oppressed. dc- , .II . -, . . l tl
, -, . 5\\' (up, w ) , -, -, .t H . - . (lII, - pressed , . . . . practice
.. , - , . drcJm (!) laJn ' ~ . S SIf , -.. , -.. , . . - .. pract ical
", - , . d re.1 m (!) \, -, ,. hem , -, ". I n .. , -, -, .WH . - pract lca l
! , .IIH. - , . . , - \(i , - , 8.hem n. -, . Ire ~, .lfH. -, . . washi ng; l udr
mise5; dwe1ling , -, . knock , .. -, . . peach
\ lll, -, ". ordt r
&I, - , 8. bIlnk n \ , - , ". ord er , -, ". k k .
, .#( . -, . powdef: du<1
s. , - , . Ihink 1 1 1 11 , .IlH. -, . . orde! m l1 , - , <!". slamp out, crush : , -, (.8. sd
, - , . thlnk l i - rn ade 10 ordcr hl]sh up , -, ". sd
, - , . s\\'eep (II , away) ( , .\fH. -, , . 1( . vlsl.cr ~ , -, -, .41 . - sl am ped 0111 " 8 !\, - , C(J, trans lale, inle rpret
, - , HI'C8. ;}, - , . vtsit . call : allend \ 8lll, - , . slllk: s r d ' 8 , - , H ~CI. Iransla/e, ilrrct
!1O~:) , - ;'> 10. . l]l , - , ,.8. vt,, call : allend 011., - , 8. sink; absorbed in l1 , -, HeC(J. ts r t, carr)'
, . -, . . 11el(1 ~ , .WH. -, . . visjl : atlendance "" , -, HCCf. look l, seek , -, . t srt , carry
, .. -, , .11. II ~ Jper; assisla nl - , C(J. ( HeC(J.) 50' \, - , . look l, seek \ , - , ". IlIrn, cllange (Inlo.
-, . wait {
no .. lI"'8M, \ , - , . l u . hg (ill

:!
 , , , . f!esh, , . 0.5., In ~ k('
, .. -, ..,
survey ; inspecHon ;
review; medical examinalion
, -, . 'warn;
n/l . t hougl], , across; during
"'W
, . - , . . crossing
re~dy
, .. -, . . prcl1ar;tt!('t]
, -, 8. !n: inlpect ; look , .IlH. - , . . sllrname , - , . cross; ! (011, in) ; !i, , . gain, wif], eMI ] .
Ihrough ; go , , . sJ'!ent!, pass :go th rollgh ; interrupl acquire
, -, 6. examine; inspect; pass (througl] ) ; ta ke aeross , , . pursue, pet5ecule , - , . gain, win, n ,aC (j IlI H'
look Ihrough; go over , , . spend, pass; go , , - , . . persection; , -, 8 . n
, - , 6 . parlition 011, {n through, pass (tl]rough); lake S5 pllrsuil , , . n
,-, . partition , ' , -, , , .WH . - beautifu l, , , 8. a\JSCllltate; liste n , - , . aeeept; receive: takt 1111.
, -, . , take in wonderful; lovely , -, . across adop!, : admit 10
o.'s arms , - , (. s!op, l end 10 , - , . across , , /!. accept; recelve: lak,'
n' , , '0, . - bcnl, slooping " , - , 8. stop. end 10 . , /. - , . . , overalJ, II: adopt, pa5S: di! 10
, -, . embraee, take i 's npeHt.CBaM, - , 8. Jnlerrupl; ' off pinafore , -, ,, . - receptio]] .
arms \ , - , . itrut; IlIrn ofl npecTbll, .II. - , . . stay entranee (examination)
. before; i fron! 01 npeKt.cH3T, -, -, . , interrupted , - , . pret('nd 10 ..." n hours
, , . spin , -, -, . - migralory, , , . prefend ( , - , . land
, -, . dellve, hand ! (bird) 01 passage, , . . - , . . crime " , , ., land
- boadeast , , . tur over the , , -, .. oveloaded, . -, . kwldg, adll1il.
_ leaeh, .deliver lesson gs 01 overb]lrde!]ed conless
belay s. . , , . ' n the pages 01 , . .ll, . . assimilation , -, . acknowJedge, dll1it.
". sund , - , -, .W H. - dressed II , -, '0, M/t. - overburdened, eonless
, , . d e ! ive, hand ; , - , . 8&3/'. dress 111'1 overerowded; ornated , -, .
speak, !alk, I
Icach; bToadcasl; bclray , - , . &3. endure,
, , . , stand; , . , . . story, [ ]
. D. surrender dress II undergo; suffer , - , . squat
, ., '0, .WH. - devoted !i , - , 8. endJ1fe, , " .. - , . . advcnlnrc
, - , . cross, pass; traverse;
, M/t. - , . .. ' stand; undergo; slIffer ,- , -, . , 01 ad ven
. beforehand, i advance
go Ihrough 11. , , /!. seareh t\lre
, . -, . . lobby, -
, -, . cross, pass; Ira 11. , - , . search , , . sqll t
!ranceha!! verse; go !hrough . /. HJI.lla, . . Jiving , - , . look !ike, resembIc
, . . 5inig , -, . (), v; Ii, , 8. lade; sl]ed II] ~ bJos
, .IIH. -, ... ('l
. before, ago tTansport 50ms (! tree) , . ., . . armislice
, -, . olfer ; suggest, , . -, . carrying
. , , 8. fd; sl]ed (he , ; . [nil, I'
propose , - , 8. tTansporl . bIossoms (! tree) reconciled; fesign O.S.
, -, . oller; suggest, propose , - , . change s.o.'s clqthes npeitM, , . oyeT~a! !i , - , . reeonci!e.
, .WH -:'l, oller ; proposal , . cl]ange o.'s clo!hes . n , , ! m ril d; resign 0.5
, . -, . . objecl; topic, sub- , -, -, .II . - dressed (in , - , 8. <ldd , . .ll, , . nt
jeel other elQthes); disgllised , - , /!. add , .. .w, 11. hIur, qIJ:t}'
. cautiously, carefully JJ , -], 8. dress (111'1) , - ~ , , \ll (stow) away ; galller , .WH. -, . . port, I]II
, - , . prescribe ll , 6ft. dress(up); disgulse; Jn; pick HP , , 6. iv, (ill)
, - , 8. prescribe change o.'s clolhes , . go () lm ll, .. .u, . . arriva!
, -, . suppose, ssum , .., . II 6 , - , . pl]( (S1OW) w; Il , -. . arrive, (in)
, , , 8. suppose, aSSllme , -, 8. gather i ; pick ]IP \' , -, . slep II: advar]cc:
, _ , - , .II H. - !as t , -, . ]t , . go ( ' home approach
b ut n , .lfH. , , . . copying II , -, . approacl]; bring ; r h , -. . 51 ; dv:
, -, 8. pTeler , - , . draw I approach
, -, . preler , , 8. teach , .18. ~rh, n , .WH. -, . . sen!ence, verdiet :
" , .. - , - . enterp rise; , -, . teach , , . rh ; bring ..." dea tl] sentenee
IIdrt king , . - , . . teacher, lec- near: draw II , M/t. .w, . . presence:
, . -, . . president, tllrer , ~8. ap proaeh ,come ttdn
ehairman , .It~. -, . . m dtl
, .II. -, .11. se] (of dislle5) , , . present
. ahead 01 schedule , -, 8. md
, -, -, . 01 w! , , '0, .. - present
, . . -, . . perform , , . we!come, geet , , . shut 10
n
\ , - , 8 . recommend , , 8. draw, l , , . shul '
, - , . , bIock
, -w, 8. rlr, represent . - , . draw ; attracl , .IIH . , . . attraetlOIl
, -, 8. , bIock
, 38. igi \ , . , . . fin isl!, _ grvilti
, -, 8. perforrn, re present , , . push ahead 01 5.0.; completion , . -, . . triblltary; flow
, , &. imagine rearrange , -, . prepare, make read y , , . grow dark
, , 8. ! I]and, ( , - , . pusl] ahead 01 5.0; , . . s., make li , - , . grow dark
mit rearrange ready , . -, . . cause, reason
" . -, -, . - coming , , . cross : l (o~!, in) , , 8. , make ready , -, . sew
, -, . warn; nlif i tut

364
J., -, 8. sew , t.. . sprlng 8., -, . (, ctJ.) hold plele ; slout; total
*'nI(, -, -. . - Iriendiy t, . ", , t.. "'. p(o letanal (reach, put) l , -, _, .W". -" of aJ{c
illn, . ... . . friendshlp , - .. -. ". - sp r i g , -"11:1, . study, Investigate ,", "' . -,' . .... stump, stub
IIIt. -, -, . _ pleasanl . .. ., -, ". sludy, Inve;stiga!e ', . -, . . me]on
I . pleasanl(ly) , - CfI. change ot;1Jl, -, -, "" . - , . ", . .... lt: (lI-r ;
6, . . -, . . fi g; lesl w , 88. h g professlonal champion
, -, . Iry
; tesl , -, ",. , "". , . . rfS5 , AI" .., . . leaderS!llp ;
!6, -" -, . - trlal; test '" ce, tJ&J8p. change , .IlH. -, .... professor champion ship
. -, /'Iec/J. (. -, .) ,,,, . ., . . ( d lls lr t, -, -., ...". - l ' (\), m.pa, n'apBQ, .II H. \""
plerce, drlll ; b rea k th rough ; make one's _ ttll I d ust r , . ', '. "'. pa, s, passage "rst
_ ! I d ustr . "'. -, . "'. process; 1(lal , -, -< , .WH. - first
W'f .. _ m: chl ne bulldlng c]ass
. . . Iwakenlng " ..... Irlal, law$uit
, . . -, . . check . - I dstry t, - . (., .) read J=tn , -, - , "' . - orl-
I li " _ cllernJca l Induslry (cul ), read (Ihrcugh) glnal ; prlml ry
, -, . cllcck \. .. , -, ". squeeze (thtougll) , _ -, . - read (past parti- ""8, -, -, . - brisk, nimble
ll. -, 8. Cllcck \ , .:. slip ! , sque:eze: eiplt ) qulck
. , - , . lJ&. cry (!hrough) , .IIH. ",, . .. reading n, .. - , . ' . chop
oul , exclalm \, -, . squeeze (!h rough) _ book lor reading .... pork cl\op
. , - , !. cry oul, JlOl i ~ , lJtS. slip In, squeeze ! m ' , - , 8., tJ'. ~O
.. . . -, . . province (Ihroug h) ", -. ,. (!, 8.) read sk! i g (skling), slide; slippery
. -, . p15S, squeezc: , "". , . . change (Oul), read (th rough) , .WH. -, . '. s l id i g
(Ih roug h) , "' . ",, . . propaganda , - , ". make lamous ) , - , -, .WH. - ga)'
~w. Ctl. paS5, squeezc: (Ih rough) , ". - , . . preacher f ;, 8538. :: lamous (co l o\~ red)
rn ", -, 8. begln 10 see , -, ". r h , -, -, "' . - full of - i.r, -, -, ", . - ll; ga)'.
.., -, ". begin 10 see <, . "",, t.. . educa tlon bright
, ". -, . . program me
l l str
, __ , -, "' . - ' m ! ni.T, Al H. -, . . load, way, palh ;
, " . , . . progress
01 du ti ., -, etJ. make '5 cou rse; ro ute i jorn ey
, -, -, .IlH . - pro , -, -, . -" educa- , . : ' 5 ~ .". -, " '. t h
gress:ve t, -, . forgive, excuse , .WH. -, . .W. Irave] book
tl l
, . 8. sell , -, etJ. l igllt , educate R, -. 'II. show, manlfesl; reveal , .IIH. -, . . y.llaA. (s ll .
, - , ,. seH , ,&3Itp. educite . . ct', ''&l. , how 0.5. narrow) palll
, . -, . . shop-assistant, , -, HectJ. s h w , manllest. "", ..II. -, W. Iraveller, passenger
, -, HeetJ. en lighten. eclu-
saleswoman 'l , -, HCB. I I
cate , .WH. -, . . jur)" Irip
, -, 8. leH; shout o.s. hoarse \' tJ. \
" , 8&38. educate . s.
.. , -, . tear ; sho ul s. np,i.cT, . -, . . Ilnger , -, HCtJ. slip; Ihrusl, sllove
, -, . sttetch Oul, ld,
hoarse , "'. " , . . eatlh, , -. ". sl'p ; th rust. shove
spread oul ; h g 0111
, . -, ..11. product \, "' . -, . . stick, bar, slaH , _IIH . -, . .
, 8S. Slre!c!1 oul, sprcad
JlV, .Il". -, . . produclion,
, - , -, "'. - spaciollS
, '0 . _ mas!led pota toes
outpul , ..II. - . . . bIrd ", - , -., . - sandy
f .. , -, 8. ulfe r , -, '8. stretch out, t d , srd , "" . -, '. . IItlle bird
, -, 8. utter out ; h g l
, ", . H" ..IIa, . . l, '
audience
"., , . tlu, go , 8'&S. strelch !, s rd , .WH. -, . . powde r
. . -, 8. liu, go , ... ". - , . '. space; , .II H. - , . .... pullover , .". -, . . wo rk, job ; labout :
", --, -, .Il H. - _ alr-space , . 11". ... , . .11 . plllse business
long, ro l gd; l dd _ vu , -, . let ; permit; l ! go 01; ftw _ Ilorne-wo rk
l10 long
. { , . -, '. AI. ld . liill turm , -, TIIO, .W H. - worklng;
.. , -. . sllOw ( jiIm) , - ;, ctJ. l h ld , -, 8. let; permit; ] l g 01; ]J rd -wrk i g
. . -, . . fil m S!IOW ll , - , . calch cold lurn , . -, '. . worksllOp
, . . -, 11 . window , - , . fo rgive, excuse , , -, .WH. - desened; damned s, -, -, _IIH. - industrlous, Ilard-
., -, 8. producc , -, -, "' . - learful; wltll , - , -, . - desert ,,'orking
, . -, . . wo rk, - lears ' " o.'s cyes f , ...". -, . . deserl , .w . - , .
.11 . worke r
dUCllon; producl npoTema, -, CfI. ( , "".) hold f , -, 8. smoke _
ski1led wOlker
, -, 8. ptoduce (reach, pul) oul , .11". -, . . gun, rlfle _ labouler
, - , -, . - , -, . proles!, dI , .IlH , '. AI. tu rkey.cock li 80, . HR.wa, '. . work-
productive slrale , . -, . . y. llaA . t ]
, .IIH . -, t.. t.p. rd ut i , n . agaln sl 111l1e . , ..II . -, . '. w - w r kr
oulput , ..II . -, . . opponent, , .ltH. ",, . . w heat , -, ". work
. , -, 8. pronounce d v (sry; m w ;, -, -, .ltH. - wheat tt', -, - , .II H. - equal ; !
,-, etJ. ru , "'". -, (.. '. contradlc- 7>3 and, bu! ; whi!e , . -, . '. t
J:, -, tu!t.,. , dsd !ion ; inconsis!ency 'n'n, -. -, "'. - full ; - , .II~ . -, . . plaln
Jt, , -, AlH. - wlcked, cursed , ", . -, t.. "'. m! uts

366 367
 , . "6. d!5perse, , - , -, ..IlH. - rl, pracfJcal
' , - , ., etgep. glad , - , . 8"38. scatler, disslpale , -, . roar ; bellow; bray; cry
', . . wlreless (5el), !adio (5!) green - , . -, . . licence; , . -, . . 'l
, Al.H. -, . . joy , - ,_. II"ll. ; solution
r missi , -, 8. ; bello\lo'; bray;
, -, -, Al.H. - glad, m green . , -, . make 5.0. !augh. amuse l1 , -, -, Al.H. -
joyful , . -, . . discusslon , 8 .. 381'. bursl ! laugll ing rvluflr
, - , . unde rstand, reaHze , t, . -, C .!I. short slory, , !, tale , -, . make 5.0. laug h, , . -, . .~. revolllllr>na ry
: ,-, -, Al.H. - comprellensibIe, , - , //. 1.11, narrale amuse , .I(H. -, . . revolution
IntelligibIe . , -, . 'll , t , 6,. 5! ! laughlng , ..IlH. -, . .11. line, row; order; lur,1
, -, . undersland, realize , -, u. reveal, discl05e; , .~H. -, . . execution , -, . . edll
. , -, -, /. - broken, sllatle~ed, disrover , ~, . execute, 'l , .I( H. -, . . row
smaslled , - , 6. reveal, disclose; di5cover (dw) // PWAo K
wnt , - , . trO'. 5catter. I(, - , -, .I(H. gored (sklrt) , -, . execute, ,l peAoBe't, - , -B IIO, Al.H. - regulJl
fJee 'i disorder , -, //. lur" !he p;lges 01 (down) . regularly
r , . . :. ,!, , tno6. InlO leal ' , AtH. .I(Q, . . da....n; day- , -, //. artange
flee ' dfso rder , -, 6. !urn Ihe pages 01 break , , .. //. line , queue
. , - , . 5poi l ; dalnage; diSlub ; 3J , 8&38. into '! , _, caAl.o 3 . . . [! 15 , -, HI!C~ . l
change (mn) 'l , -'I, -'IHO, .. -'IH" diflerenl; dawning, day is k!g
, .I(H. -, . . regime; diel
, 8Sp. spoll ; bleak; get ! various; d ,ver5e , .II 3 -'. day !, breaking
, .IIH. -, 1(. producer
01 order , -, 6. reflec!, medltale; cllange , -, 6. (thtow) ; dls-
, -, . spoil ; damage; dis- solve , .I(H. -, . . result
0.'5 mind
tlHb; cllange (mn) , -, . reflec!, meditale; , -, . (throw) ;
dissolve , .!IH. -, . . river
. , 6tS. spoJl; break ; gel l change . " mind . i u s l , Irl alarm , , . tell
01 order , -, -, . - IrembHng , -, -, Al.H. - req uisitioned
l\It;l, -, 6. breed; mulll pl y
, -11, -, . - divorced , -, 6. breed; LnJlltiply , . -, . . walk, s' roH ; drive , ..IlH. -, . . crops; harvesl
6. \, -, 6. tlOllbIe, make l d , - , ., 6&36. walk, go , -, -, Al.H. - reli-
, - , 8. ( , 8.) wave, , -, 6. troubIe, Inake lurbId l walk giollS
bIow aboLlt, 1I IIrter , -, Hec/J. round ("t) ; , - , . , "8. walk, , .IfH. -, . :;r.:. rai!
, ,. . lIut!er, wave del,ver; spread go { walk , .IIH . -, . . radio!ogis!
ll 'l'l, . -, . . trtillt , &. spread, resound , ., I!//. spread, get , . -, . . repubIic
amusement , -, 8. rOund (about); abouI, 10 kw
, . , . . change
,- , -, .. excited, agJ- deli ver; spread . ' . 'l , 3 ., . 5pread, get about,
, ..IlH. , .41. rslt
tated; rough (sea) , iJ .. 38p. spread, resound 10 kw
, -, . wave, bIOw LII w, - , . en]arge, broaden, expand , . -, . . referee
, -, -, .I(H. - varied.
, 6. "uHer. wave various , -, . eniarge, rd, , . -, . . prescription; recipe
, - , -, . f[utltring , .!IH. -, . . d!srm expand , .I(H. -, . . speech
, -. 8. l ({lames) l , - , . expla!n, elucida te pr05eeulor's charge,
, 6~p. Ilart , Ilame (burn) , -, "8. expla!n, elucidate I dllmt
, . , . . time-tbI
; ' ( swlng , .!IH. - , . . slripe
,... tra!n tlme-tbI
, , . examine, look !h!ougJ:. , .!IH. -, . /. dislricl, reglon; 'l , -'1 , -, AlH. - !
, .. -, . . reipt
5, cOn5ider , AtH. /, . AI.. cance r 'l I<, . -, 1(. dietionary, -
~, . - , .11. examinatlon, !nter bulary
, -, ". l; look , ..,. , . .!I. , lobsler
roga!ion , -, .
Ihrough; see, conslder , -, 8. examine. inlerrogate , . -, . . rocket
, - , . lalk willl i , -, ". mi, ilrrgl
'l _ missile
stl pt , e6Sp. 0.5.. . '5 hair
, .I(H. - , . , 1(. rollver5ation. lalk , .I(H. -, . . (plum) rd , -, . declde, make 0.'5 ld,
, -, 8. lalk witll
, - , 6. bursl into _ plum brandy solve
, , //. ' ({lames)
!ear5 , AlH. , paMelle, . . s!loulder , - . tn38. decide, make up
, II"6. lI , Ilame (bu rn)
'I , - , 8. burs! !!' tears , -, -, .I(H. _ wudd 0.'5 mind
; I 11111 swing . , -, -, .I(H. - disposed.
, ..IlH. -, . . knapsack , -, . declde, make 0: 5
-, . -, . .!I. rou!, de!eat
situaled . ! mind, solve
'l, .IIH. -, . AI.. pos!rnan
, .I(H. -, 1(. 1'511er , - , . wound, hurl , .. . decide, make :,
lt ,... strn , .I( H . - , . . decree, order , - , . wOund, hurt mlnd; venlure
, -, 6. st fr ' up; lt , .If H. -, . . dispute, qll rl , -, . grow ll, -, -, .I(H. _ decisive ;
, 636. 51ir,
, -, 6. lell , explain , -, 6. grow resolule; decided
, -, 6. st! r lip, excfle , -, . tell, explaln , .!IH. -, . . planl . deei5ively
, 8". 5lir, 10v , . HH.I(Q, . . srd cereals , .I(H. -, . . fl sh
, - , . div!de; separale, i!Jg: dJstriblli ion , . -, . shelf _ frled I!sh
, ..38. separate (Irom), part , - . di5perse, scallt! , . -, ~. !nnovator ll, -, -, . - flsh
, -, 6. divide, separale \ , . 6&36. dispe rse, , - , -, . - reac- , . -, . . shirt
, "36. separale (!rom), scalter, dissipate l iry ll, . .l( . . . risk
, . . par!lng \, -, 6. disperse, sca!ter
9
, -I, . draw, p3lnt !}, AlH. - , . . sllfine plg
, ,wH. -, . ., Y.IIa,f , lit tle
.II. .w, . . drawlng CB~PK" -". -, . . whislle, pJ~ , 5i5te!
- drawlng block , NJl. -, . -", s~b olage , - . whlst1e
.
. . -, .. s la~e 1, . -, . . sword , -, " play; whlstle
, . -, . . 1001. Implemenr.
, -, -, .. - slave , - , ,. plant , - (), ,. sllrink, fold instrument
, )/. .lt , . . slavery cawAT, -, ..(), . , - crfppled, [. i, .II. -, . . freedol1l.,
: k agrlcultural imple .
, . pori, . "". hr , -". -i, . . ! , -, -, AlH. - !ree ments
, ..,11. -, . . l l born
. -A~HI, -, . - born
1l1, .IlH. -, . . s'\lsage
1, ..II'. -, . . !.lad
, , , . own, '! own
, -, . connect, join 10; I
ce ll, , If'''. SOW
, -, .., IIl . -1'1 grey
, -, -, J1 . - natJvc, home, - g reen salad loueh wJth
n~ AlH. -, . AI. slgnal, slgn
owo _ Ru ss l salad \., - ,. connect, Joln 10 ;
. -, . . pre5sma rk ; $ig .
. -' . -, . . counlry, mother[and lll, -". -, . . n~pki n , 5ervlette put I 10uch with nalure
. AlH. -, .. paren! 1, -1.
-6, -". -, Ntcm. !, \,, - ,. Ilnlsh
~ '1. certainly
., . -, .. re laHvc, retation, onesell \,, -, . flnlsh
c~na, N.H. -, . . 5tre ngth, force; power
klnsman , -, -'1, NH. - alone !, .Il'l. , . . world
~, - ~, ..II'. - $tro rlg
nio. .II. -, . . pat rlot CiMO . l , -, . cook
. stl ong ly
. -., -, '- . - p<llri otlc , -". - , . . 5afety_ , -, ". cook
II, .II. -, . . sy mphony
, -., -, .! . - bIrth (day) ,a1:or , .W H. -, . . uild lg
, AlH. -O~, ..11'. 50
pb:sa," . -, . . ,os , NH. -, . :. slf-rl sm , - , . Issociale, un l:e , -, -, .1111.. - bIue
, )lH. -, . . part, role , NH. - , . N. airplane 1 , - , ,. I ssociate . () son
, -, . Ji . l ,- ceoeclJ. d:t 0. 1. unite: partner$ ,
~'l, .1111.. -, . . orph~n
_ hlstorical
] , .l( . -, . . strlum , - , ,. restral n 0.$.; , "'. -, . . cheese
_ advent ure slory _ , $analori um con/rol 0.5.
. .II. , . ,w. Syrlan
- 50(1.1 navcl , NH. -, . . timtr , - , IftCIJ. restra[n 0.5.;
C<lnt ro l o.s. , .1111. . -, . . Syrfan woman
.. ..ItH. - , . . company , N1<. - , 11. 50 .. , ,wH. -, . ,11. syro p
. NH. -, . . ore , . -, . . $ardi ne; , $ IJ.
, .w H -, . . system
~, ..11''1. -, . AI. mir ( I flsh)
dl nes -rlt, ..II'. HR..II'a, . , COli t price
c~ceMHO . systematlcally
f', -, -, .II. - ru ddy , - , ,. lake l 01, , . lf"' , . . north
", -, -, ..II'. - 5 ll "
\, . .II1f. -. .11. RumJnl Jn 5 good , -., -, MIf. - north(e rn) . fine, ti (0/ sttps) ,
\, ..,. -, . . Ruman ian woma n , NH. -, . . l1ect i ceri 1f0p. nO Ilf, .11 present
t:!. .II. -, . .
)'\'. _, .., NH. - Rumanian , -, ". take down (oft ) ; ; , "'If. _, . . 5eal; re, :den ce
t , -, .., MIf. - sv .h ur
radiance
, -, . ' , radia nt ; beJm
P~C. -, .., ..,. - d. fa ir-h al red I hrow ., . -, (. . rock
~. N H. . .1(. R ussi i, -, HtclJ, take down (fl); , -". -, . . we~ k
, -'! . - . . grtll
. -, -, .tt1l. - Russ ian ; overthrow Ce,llHa, - C/l. (l\ 8.) , 11 (do ",vn), , . Al, . . scarl et feve r
, ..,. -. . . RU551 wm ., -, . boil, cook ; make (eoffuttc.) take sca l
~, -, HtC jump
, NH. -, . N. RU5slJ , -, HtC/l. boll, cook ; make, ", -, HtC/I. sl! , ,. , . . ski
\. .ttH . - , . . edge; border ; crease (coffee ete.) , .111f. -, .ft. season
, ,w H. -, . . s kier
_ seamless stocklngs , ..II' . ' , . . wedding , . -, . . sowing; seed.!lme
, -, H~C~. <".!05 (.'! eyes)
, .tt H. .., , , , rye , -, -, ..II'. - tresll ., , . chop, cu!
~~,", -, . close (0.'$ eyes)
powa. N H. , , . ha nd; . slJyl y, bashflllly , .II. -, .IIi. 5ecretary
-,:<>. -, . conclude, contract
, .IlH. _, . -". sleeve; branch (0/ , -, CIJ. cheque ; regll!ate, correct : .l., -". -, . . 5econd
n , -, 8. ronc[u de. trt
rifJu) put right ., .II . -, . -" . 5onds han d
. soon
, .II. -, . , glove , , 8. cheque; correct; , N H. -, . . seltiement; ha mlel , .II . -, (;, . 5peed
, .l(. - , , ..11'. Jeader; [ pu! right , . -, . . vlJlage
, -, , jump
51ruclor . , -, . - holy, sacred , -, .., .II. - vlllage, rural
, ..II' . HRMO, . . hOJl. frost
, -". - , . . guidance; , -, 5h i, lighted
IftC/I. , .l(. -, . .. y.wa,f. Jittle vlllage , -, HtCB. h:de
mgml; handbook -r, .. - , . . sacred IlIing (placc) "., .II. -, .11. pe anl; rustic. , 8Iil. hide 0.1i.
,
, -, . gulde, Jead; di recl; , -" . -, . . light , -, , hide
mg , , CIJ. 5hine, Jlgllted , . , . .Il. peasant, iIIil. h:de 0.5.
, -, . clap .'! hds, . villager
, ,111-1. -, . . fam il y
, -, -, , -' hidden, secret
applaud , -, -, .4lIf. - wor[d
, -, Htc/l, pluck, pull ( ), tear up
, - , Het/l. sh ake Ilds , .IIH .. tra !flt Ilghts , NIf. -, lerm, 5eme lile r \, -, .., ,'!. - dear; expensive
.1(.
, -, . growl, snarl 1", - , -, .IIH. - IIghl, brlghl , "'. -, .11. sem lnar
IJ. , - , -, AlH. - pre-
, .II, -, . , growl, s rl , -, . shi ne clou!
P~CT, ..II'Jl. .., , ..11', 5talure; sixe: Rrowt h , .IIH. -, . . cand le , . .... September
, -, elJ. ' , rend; break ; fa ll
, -, -'IHO, NH. _ mllf, h.1nd , -, '1eclJ, shrik. loJd , "'1-1. -, . . wal treS5
\' , , .., "', - 'rn, ragged
/l. , "'. -, . . certificate, , - , -, "'. - serious
umest ' \', , . ', rend' break '
. rareJy testlmonial tall ' ,
", ", , ..II'. ; , -, elJ. togelhe r Ifap, 5erio\lsJy, earnestly
;\', -, C/I. shorten
Ihl n , -, . together , . -, . . 5 1 51
(il, -, HeC/J. shorten

3 70 37 1
, -, , . - wk; 1111" ; poor , -, o~C. dare, !
(student) , - , o tCB. . 8&. la\lg h
n!, - , - , ,111'1 . - somewllst make fun <of , -.10, 8. ( , //.) stop : l< , . t! . . . . t.p. 111'-
weak (thin, poor) ', , . , , . .11.sense ; meani ng .. , 38. ! Midd!e Ages
, .... 1'1. -, : (. weaknes5 , -, -, /. - confllsed, . , ,. -, . . ( ) stop I<. m ld ig h !
, ,. -, ', ,11. nigllllngale rassed , lf. -, . . mgzi , / . -, . . meeting ; appoilll-
!!, - , - , ' . -8\I glorious. , -, . !; upsel ; f us _ i tili mgzl t; ut r
wondt llu l Jll , blII. shy, get easl ly - th icl mgz i _ lootball match
, " , . glOlily lused (em barrlssed) -
iIIu strated magazine , -, //. meet. u ! r
, l'&36. . ' 'I$ for /ll , -, //. !ro; upsel ; , . . -, . /. !1st , 8&. l
n 'n , -, - , .., - ( eonfl!Sl! t: , - . ". uoite. , -, ~8. meel. encounte r
01 Slav5 ar. d ll lgrl :5 , 8&3,. slIY, gel easlly " , - , ". u i t , ,al ly , 838. !
, - , -, ,1111. - ~ I av confused (embarrassed) . t, -, 8. s h r. parlake i . aga ln ~!, opposlte, fi g
(!l , -, HUII.- p ll l , lay, plil~ .. , .flo. -, t.. t.p. m ss m t; , -Jl, Ht'CII. $hare. part. I \, - 8, -, .II H. - dexterOU5 ;
i, .. -, . . sweet. cake d lst ut ll , .II H. . . t.. . lmss, I\andy: l!f l
ilf, AlH. - , . : fli r' s .. , ~, ~. !; work (figu re ) , . . \Ved nesday
qultss. composute
, ,. - , ,' ..11. ice cream out; consider. think . qu iet ly, peacelll lly . -, . get up, stand up. , Ise :
n'< , - , - , .. -I{ sweet , . , . / . laughle r ., -, 8. succeed happen ; . lu r ; take plaee
n f1ptaA. alter \', .II . /, . . deatll v, - , 8. suceeed , -". -, . / . s tad ium
, -, HtC8 . {o110W: sludy , / . -, . . dugh tr- I -I w , -, -, , . - successfu l ; apt; , - , ". get up. sland II p, tist ;
, -, -, .II.. - .! .. following CHe1)B~ /J . wel1 t urned h; ! , ' ; !ake place
, -, - , . - , , - , -, . - snow, , . :', . -" . m r , remem- 6, M l<. -, . ., y.llA . I l ltl
'ff:l1 ! , fol1o wJng of snow : keepsa ke ;!, ,. -, . . . 100m
, . _, . . ~ lt ; (l. , / . -, . . sw -fl k , - , 8. l, . -, . . slation
'" Ille aft erncon , - , . lake dw ; ' emove; take .... res!home
, - , . rClnember
8, . - , . . squ; ctu re, s
n : accord g 10 , -, -, . - old
Iqlll t} , . , -, . take down ; remov~ : , - , -, . - dlsputabIe. , .I! /I. , . J.I. old
, -, . follow; watc h !ake plcture, s cOlltroversial : , )1 ,1 . H R"I( a. . . old g
, "I( H . -, ' . . plum .. plum Iree , .. -, . . plcture, . sht
, AC I< . - , . )1. sr orl , . -Htf, . . arlicle
// . n . last nlg ht , -, -, ' . . -l ' ! , .II . - , t... slalue
, - , //. descend, go (. , )l . , ..I{. sw , . - , . . s r ! s m ll, J.lH . -, . strl ke
g~t) down \) , , . -, . , . juice
, -, //. go '" 101 <: ! , -, " . slrike. strik('
, .IIH . -, . . speech _ , . . -, . ..I{ . lalcon , .IIH . jt, . t.p. ! II, .Il H. -, . . stl:ker
, - , //. !. lay. place /. / , . . , . -, . . abIlity; - , ,. - . . .
, . - , . ,,1( . elepllant , -, -, . - s lt ab ility; capaclty A l1 e Blla - s i g room
~, . -, . setvant ,,1(. , / . .fl, t.. . soHdarity , - , //. ( .. , I<tt.B.) stop _ sr
, -, //. setve . . , . . -, . . lt<[\ , (), //. ' _ schoolroom
, . -, t.. . posl. s it , offlce, 6, . . -, . . dri ll , .w o. -". . . jU$lice CT~ CH a, - , 8. ( .) tig hten ; go:!
employmenl : servlce ~ , -, -. / . - Solia , -, . '! dw, lower; ready; i ll .
~, . -, .II. [. clerk " , . - fl. citlze n 01 5o!ia dra w, d rop , 838. ge! ready
, - , ". happen, Il 10 , _ , -, . -
t. nYcllaM , 18. des,end, dw, t. Tt Ha, ,II. -, . . wall
, take place socia1 democratic '~H; dash CT eH ~H . - IIII , - , -" . - wall
, .II H. -, . ,. case; occasion; ln , - , - , . - 5ocla1 shyness
, - , . ' l dw. l w r ; draw. drop , .ilH. ,, . .
opportunlly; Incident , / . , . -" . $ocialism down.
, (,. d sd, w , '- , t.8. lake ' ; nar row, make
__ tll occas1on 01 t., - , 8. show, ! ! a~: I d i l { ; dash . rr w
, - , //. Ilappen; take 6~, -, -, Al o. - II JU lcy , .ll. -, t.. ,t/ . companion; satelllte , 8'3lJp. make ( .
piace ; 11 10 , - 8. observe, kee p
, - , . sleep , -, . take in; nlrrow.
, J . it 11 ~! , -, 8. obselve. keep c ~, - , . ligilt, j l make rw
, , . _, . . recelver , AI If . -, . . bed room batt !e , ./JS. ma ke .room ; (l
, -, . [isten : hear : al!end ; , -, -, .. - saved , , . _II", . . battle ,hy
, - , . save, rescue !'!, -, 8. st rl ke dowJ}, s mlte , - , . . reach ; arrive ;
\', . -, . . sun , 8 38. saved, save 0 .$.: , - , 8. stri ke down, smite enougll
\', -8, , , . - su , SII e ~ ( a le
, . -, . . sh~me, disg race ~ , - , 8. reach ; arrive ; ugi\
, . desce nd , go ( , get) >l , -, . save, reSClle , - , 8. _ shy; , -, -, M I< . _ stingy
down ( , /J. saved, sv 0.$.;
as1!amed , . .. -, . . verse
, -3, -, , . n bIind
" , - , . shy; aslt:lmed , .. -, . . book of poelry
, - , -, .II . - cou ragiOllS: bold , . -, . /. speclality; t', - , -, .II . -II ,Jl , . . -, . .
, , . -, . . 3CCO\lnt; bill specilic . J the middle 01, m g . IlU d r d
, - , ". u ! : consider, thik , -, . gi , ; wl
, Al H . -, . . mlddfe, medium, , / . -, . . ! u ; wo rlh ;
//. , -, 8. galn, , ; wln urrudigs ; ir mnt cos!
, _ , - , , . - mldd!e: , )i. H . -, . . goods,
v r: ; m , Atl<. -, . /. chair ; canteen
372
 , _IIH. -, . . c~p ltal < , -, . take '.. " shoe5 (s!ock- , . -~, . . 11!
?il , 81>8. f,,11 i n. line
, .11 14. -, _ . s'omach [~!
etc.) , .ltH. -, 11. l ghur
., -, . , I
(1001l, , '1), . e<:onomic , 8'&. take :! !I!Ocs (socks, , . HII.!la, . . neigllb() ur-
, 6. [! seem s
, . 1114. -, . . ; f C TPY~p, NH. , 11. turner stkiRS etc.) off 1100d
, NH. , . _W. 11051, /and- , , /!. 8'~. .c\.BecTIIO . scrupulously III, .. , . .11' . u
]ord startled <, -, . advlse . lellow-vlgr
, -, C/f. warm . 81>31Jp. cOn5ult, take counscl, , -, - ./tH. concen! ra!ed
, .II. -/!, 11. cold
, "38. . WJfm O.S., , -, -, NH. cold sk adv icc: , ~H. ,, ./t. cas! ; st~ff;
....'arm IIp , NH. , .11 . studenl , -, -, ,. 5ovie! ,
, ' , . 'A'arm <, -, -, .1111. - joint. 'l _ casl
, NH . -, . . (girl) stlldent
, ",_ 3lJ. w~ t m o.s. d. l, -, . compose. make . l .
watm
, , -, . - stlldenr
, ,II . i, . . stem. stalk , NH. - . . lld Ol151111 l
, ., . ll < ll , -, .1114. - - CCT~BAM, -1110 , . compose, rnJke ,
, NH , . . glass
, . '&.mel! away; thaw lelnporary, m d r.
up-to-date form, s!rut
\,, ..,14. -. . .11. pos!, !; colllmn
( , -, . melt < . qulle. entirf'ly, toll lly ~, -. . . mtiti;
\., ..,14. -, . . 5tairs; ladder
, . 8'&. mell Jway; - , -, -, .. - per1eci: con!esl
111JW \ , NH. , . .. . Jitt/e
slafrcase (Iadder) < , (-ll, -CIIO, .II. - ) N. , .lI'. , . N. tll!
, . , . . sttikJ ( coi/'l , -, 8. step. tread agree. st tl , - , HeCl 8"~. con !!s! :
eq~ifJalent to I 0/ lev) (:';. . . NU, . law-courl take place; held
, NH. -, . . step; lootpri r1 t
. ,II_ .... hundted
. .
,"Il, -, . ,!, !tead 'l,. ,II. -, . ,. utensil-vessel ll, NH. -, . . condllion. slate ;
, -, . stand; stop ; Sf~y; 5uil <, - , -, . - judlclal. s itl ; wealth
, -, 8. tlghten; pincll; get read)'
, .Il. .. , . _ 5u fferlng IJ W (5it) CCT~eHT .II'. - , . . leltow-s!uden t
: , 88. gel rl:'d
, .II. , . _ pollceman ~, NH . .II, . . co-rtJ . 'l, .II'. -, . . co-operl-
, _ItH. -, . . cloth
. _II_ -, . . coun'ry; slde ri, .II. -, 11. 511 11 help, asslstance li; collaboralion
, .1114_ .... . . g , . -, . . lwu rl , .II. -. . . shl-m l
~ , .II'. ', . . soup
. 5!rangely - , ,II. -, . ,11. ]udge , , ". dry; wither, fa de
(traditiof/Qt New
, -, , , _1I. - " passiol1' grutif/gj . ~, .11'14. .II, . .cOnlent(s) , . -, . . composltlon.
ate; arden! , .II. regrc:t. plty
- , . . work
, NH. -, w_ fear
.. -, lIee8.lap '.. the shoufd-
er5 :-",.ith decora!ed cornel branch s ig ., -, . pity. sorry \I, "14. ', . . dty tw ig
~ 80 4_ timldly ltl, -, . pity, sorry (\), -, -, .IIH . - 'I
tradltlc nal greetlngs (Bllfgurian Nl!U1
, , . afrafd of ; u elJs!om) , -. 8. rt . 10 . makc: , NH. -, . . e.t15tt nCe
fear , - . ' 0 , .lI'. - raw -~, , . crea!e. form. make Q . 1$0
i ~ , -, ,, .II. , fearfu l. ., .1114 .. . HR..+Ia ( ..... materlals , -, . tl. ca!ch .Ight of , . -, . N. ui. ;
terrJbIe; awful ., NH. -, . . mrlg . - . 8. no!lce, calch slghl 01 jlltl
, .1114 . '14. . _ shootlng dry
., , -, ,wH . . NH .... . . room-Ill , -, 8. (, .) s ft (dw).
CTp~aM, -. 8. ~hoot ( glu/lCe) . dry <, , - .II. - he ~ rtbrok en . take ,l!
CTpeIla, -, (8. shoot wirll helvy 11 . I! If
, . -.. , . . stage; scene
., .1114. - . . . hand (0/ c//JCk) , .II. - , . ,11. scenHio " reen ( .1114. -, . . l ! , ,II . , (. . shadow ; sh1de
<, - , 8. shoot ve rsion ' < ( ), .. e aNO 3 ". ~. . it
cTj:eclla , - , _ fJ8. s!ar!led 'l~ , -, 8. break dws
<, , -, ,wH. -11 severe; .rrk! , ' 8. bteak < () .. .!. 1I dawns
.~ , .II. - , . ,w . consttLlction (site) .c'l,II, .1114. -. . N. dream ; sleep, 5ltHn- .II. -, . . plale
bullding , -, 8. gather, collecr. pick;
add " , " . - , .11'. celling; Jttic
< . - ll , ~, ,wH. -II slender; ., -, . d ream , T~AHa, . . "'. TiAHH Jttret
orderly ~ c~ 8It1. gather together. meet
, -, ". gthr. ll . pick; , - , 8. . [eporl; .. , .
, ,wH. , . ,w. builder add up comlnunicate; Inform , NH. , . . secret
li. -, -, .II. - building <tl, -, 8. ll; report; - ~ lI , -, ~, NH ... myster!ous
~ , ". gather t02e ther. !
< .II. ./t, . . iidig. . . . glhrJg mul!; ifm ' . 50, IIIU5
st ructi , .II. H.II.1I0, . . resistance . there
, .ItH. -, . . event
6, '.. -, .11'. reg ime; order, , .II'. III1..,. . . Saturday ~, ,wH. -, . ..,. IIIJ~ba nd ., .II'. -, . .11'. d
systrm i, NH . -, . . mttl fg ' , ./tH. - , . . wlfe TaHI(yaM, -, . dance
-
social system , -, . take 5.0.'5 ,l!Oes ., ,II . -, ./t. companlon-in , .II. -, . . tariff
Q _ prfmit!ve (trf l ) (stocklng, elc.) arms , . -, . N . daddy
scclety .,, - '1, -, ,II . - cordlal: 1. -, .0, ,II. - hard. fJrrn
_ slave sy,tem
, 8'&. take 0.'5 slloes (socks.
stock lllgS .) 011 afiectiOllate . qulte. rather. velY
, , 8. brcak. smasll . - . . angry ':' , '1410, . il1 slst. altirm. assrrt.
~, -, -, .II. - awake
(,Tp9P1aBa~, -, 8. break. S lna~11 n.., -, 8. awake. wake (s.o.) up < ., . . -, . . emulation. ma,n' aln
9". -, . bl!lId. 5[tII I titi ; conlest ..,. IheJlre
, .II' . -,
, 88. wake
CTp(Jt , 8"8. l . , -, 8. wake (5.0.) , .II . '14, . . deer HapOAe11 _ Natlonal theatre
.ffpo~aM, , . lorm up , 8'&/J. wake IIp , NH. -, . . slckle , NH. -, . ,11 . chalk

375
 , . -, . .-11. 5hi g , . shake; i fever , -, -, III. - commercial 80, -, -, . - doublL' UI
, .-IIH. -, . . weig!Jt; 5llffecing , -, -, . - feverish; hectic , -, . trade, deal, do ll, -, -, .f/.H. -lI CUn\' llirl1!.
, -, . pull, draw ; weigh; , -, -, .4I. ~ lhird business comfortabIe
sufler , . -, . . tfiu; ltfrm , -, -, .-IIH. - solemn , ~H. - , . . pt~'J~tl!e
, _, n. weigh, li roll, -, -'I, II. - th ree . 50lm J , -, . drown
II: . heavily: hard; wlth di year , .4111 . -, . . festival, [ . -, . drown
CU!ly , . -, . . qu rtr] ; of bralJon , -, . ( , .) l!il, Slrik. .
, -lI:, -, . -II: heavy; th ree months , - , . bear; suffer: endu re ; sJap
ha rd; difficult t.:, .-IIH. -, . . trJangle 101erale , -, . roJg. lengt]lell
lt . , -, -, .WH. - moved ",, -, . Jook foc, seak, searclJ , -, . prolong, !:-tl'!!
\, , . flow, ru : ss (0/ time) ll, .-IIH. -, . . Irolley bus 'l~ . , . -, . . lerror, horror,
, . -06, . . lexl , - , -, ,1111. - cJumsy , . -, . . tobacco , -, -, .-IIH. -II terribl<- .
, -, -, . -JIIr {til , -, -, . - tcopical , .II . , . . body horribJe, dreadful
~. , -, . tack . , -, . Jearn (aboltl)
, . , . . tetevision , -, . tk , -, 6. learn (ut)
, . -, . . lelevision set , . -, . . Ik > , - , . ri, rnature
, . -, . . teJegram , .4I. -, . .. m! , -, . Qvi, persuade , -, . m ripe
_ express ( ) , . , . . !abour, work , -, 8. convince, persuade , . - , . .-11. index; (t l!'l l'l l')
_ special felegram (/or , -, _, .-IIH. ~HH difficu!t . , .II. -, . . CQnviction, - direclory
congratu/ation) hard Bef, persuatlon lI: , -, -, . - decoraled
, - , -, . - leJe- , . . worker; . ' , -, . kill, murder, sss si t.:, -, . decorate, adorn
graphic, tlg rh working ] nate , -, . decorate, d1l
, . -, . .-11. leJephone . difficuJI , -, -, . - killed, murdered, , -, . slrenglhen, hl'(lllIl"
, -, 8. u 8. telep]lOne, , . -, . . dif!lcU!ly assassinated stronger
ring (5.0.) , -, -, II. - Iur, work, work- , -, . ki11, murder, assassinate t.:II, -, . strenglhen, JI('
II:, -. -, .-IIH. - v] ing , -, . respect, esteem stronger
, . . vl , -, -, III. - induslriotls ~ , -, . cespecl, esteem , - , ., . forlify : .\
""' stewed l diltigent . , . -, . respecl, regard posilJon
, .-IIH. -, . . vio]ct; pansy , - , 8., ]abour, loi], work , -, 8. increase , - , . . ftil
, .-IIH. -, . . lemperature , III . -, . . corpse; Irunk , -, . increase 0.'5 siti
, ",. , . ",. lennis , -, . 5lrt, l et ! 'l,lII lI. -, . . irs, groWlh , -, . ( , .) calcJl
, .-IIH. -, . . theory , . . strt; drl; ] VJg _ increase in wage5 , .. -, . . streel
, .!fH. - , . . ground , - 8. 5lrt, set out _ increase in sa]aries , -'1, _, .4111. -'1 street
, , , . TeCllH narrow, , 8., . musl YBepell, -, -, .-IIH. - sure , , . ( , .) ltl
tig!Jt , . ., . . tu ber- , . -, . . overlure , . -, . . mind: brains
, . -, . . dz cU]05i5 , -, . assure, make 5.0. be]ieve yMell, - , -, .-IIH. - clever
, . -, . . nole-book . here I! . .. , -, .0, . - rnoderate
, .-IIH. -, . ,11. mechanic , .4I. -, . . lunnel 8i'l.8, -, lI . assure; make 5.0. , -, . , know (Iw ,,,
TexIIHKa, .I/. ,, . . tcchnics; lech- , . -, . . Il!rblne li that .. . do s.tk)
iq t.:, -, -, .10111. - Turkis]1 8, - , . wrap (up) , -ll, -II, . _ /0\1(11-
, -, -, . -CII:H t]il , . , . . Turk , -, . wrap (up) Ing. patllelic
. Tet.:a , -, . pul ll:, , . la5cinate, away , -, . (, .) die
, . , . .11. ligec , . _ , . . Idi ink ll: , 68. carried awa}' , -, . rnIIltlply; increase
, . ",. Iraclor
-11, . yra, . , . . grief, sorrow , -, . fa5cinat e, away , -, , mll]Iiply; incrc.1s.
, ",. -, . . Iractor driver , - , -II, . - II 5d, sorrow- , . carr ied away ll, . , . . rnllltip] j(a-
Tpa~'Baell, -, -", "'. -Il Iram , -, . put out; switcll tion
ll, .4rH. - . . Iram t.:, , . weave ra., -, . l out: switch , .\rH. .ltu, . . fat1gue, we.1li .
, -Tlla, -I, . - transil ll, . . weaving , -, . (, ,) dis- neS5
, . -11 , . . t o:bIe , _II. - , . . crowd CU5S, lalk , -, -, III. - ti red
, -, 8. ] 51, endure nMell, -, - , . - dark; $- , 6. agree (with s.O. , -, . ( , I!C.) die
, . -, . ~ . gr355 cuce ~bout 5.th.) .
, -, . worry, bother, IroubIe lI. dark , -, . (, .) di5CUSS, , -, -, . ~ dead
, 8'38. worry, anxious , - , -, . - dark bIl!e ta]k , -, -, . - tl, intelkc
, II. -, . . traine r. h I:' -, -, II. -II: thin, s!ender 80 , . agcee (with s.o. tual
, -, . 5lrt, wince , . , . . mrhl, l 5.th) , -, 8.( ll, .) away
, -, -, ",11. -11 IrembIing, dealer , . -, . . bIow; hit , II. r, . . llg.1i
shaky , . -, U$iss; m. - penalty kick , .II. -, . . Hungacian (w)
, -, . tremble, shake trade , . -u,, . . shock worker , -, -, . -II: Hungarian
~, ~, . 513ft, wince _ fJg trade ., - . (, .) hit, strike; , -~, . ( ll , .) w
.. -, . shake _ home Irade slap , .. -, . . university

376 377
~, -, . . uif .. , . J1lid
.<I. , . .

i
.1IH. eXTOB1<a, fencing , -, 8. whimper
', -., 'H~C". destroy; hJI- (appr,;v('d) , 1. -, . .
tigure
, -, . !. lI down: , . D, ... bre:rrJ
ate' do w Witll , -, -... "'. - phys :ca ] , .. -, ... trlllrk
~ . frightened. scarcd ('m quiet ~, . . . . pllYsics , -, 8. wa]k. go
. hard ; doggedly , -, . abate, calm dOWJ1;
JJ , .11/01. -, . ,w. fJlm , ..41101. -, . !Iockey p];I)"I'r
.. , . . \1st, usage . quiet

i
JJ, .",. , . . philology , . , . .~. ]rockc)'
' , -, . \lse, k \lSC 01, . tomorrow . .r: , . -, . . philosopl1er
, . -, . . mornrng - ice 110ckey
employ 1. -, . .
ii:pllla, {!nn; sign-board , 1. - , ..11. ]lll, lollnge
, -, . use, make I1se , -, -?, 1. - ' , ,wH. -, . .41 . slip, index card
, 1. , . . , .. . peOple
01; employ . di. (), 1. , fl!, , .I/. , .41. horizon
, .111'/, -, . . manager, , -, ". ]r: teach , 1. -, . . ] , .. -, . . 1101e]
rectoT , -, ". lake par l.. . . , . -, (. .
, . , . . rtrrt. , 1. -, . . food; m ]
, .\lH . -, . . governo.r; rulct , -, -, 1. - ptlOlo , . . feeding
ll , . -\'I. . . excrClse shr
, ,,11/01. , . . FrlJ- , - , -, .. - Il'
, -, "(;6. cxerclse , - , - , .41101. _
sllldcn t: pupll " rishing
_ go in for spor!
, 1. -, . . Frencll- , -, 8. feed; cherish
. , tJ~. make exercises; , ;. -, . .41.tcxtbook woman
, .. -, . . scientist . ;} , 8. leed. eat; ]l 0.'$ 111e;rls
drill ; practise , -, -, ,wH . - Frenc11 , . -, . .41. bush, shrllb
-, 8.direct , . .". . . sludy. studre~ , 1. - , .11. {! , . -, . . cOld (l the h~ad)
. , 8311. direct .'!; steps 10 . , )l.H. -, . . teaching; doclrlnc
.<I. -, . . peak , -, -, . . - SuffJ g Irolll
makc !or , .. -, . . plrpH: studcnt. 's ~, 1. ., . . footbal1, soccer
, -, -, .<I. - 11 . cold: wlth lig 05
, -, 8. dir~ct , -, - . . - foot balJ , -, 8. muh
J. , ,. dlrect 0.'5 steps 10 ... sludent's; student
Jl, .. -, . . school , -, 8. munch
make {!
, -, - , . . - ,]I001 , -, -, ,wH. - , beautillll'
.. hurrall fine, good
, .WH. -, . devlce, ll . , )l.H. -, . _11. t eacher
. . , .. - , . . !h-gw
, . - , . . offrce: rnstJ- ~ . well;
rig1lt ; good
eleelrieal l1 , . . caviar; , 1. , . . beauty
YP<II-I, ,wH. -, . . ]e5son lution .. . ; well
, -, -, . . - po!ite. clvrl f, -, -, 1. - art islic. ~fl
, - , ". {! , . , . .41. haidouk X~KBaM, -, 8. dart (011). rush, lt
, -, . ( , .) surprise.

'
, -, . {] , -, -, 1. - haidouk
.. . intense sl ish , -, 8. dart (), rush. l!
-, _, ... - .;}, . . khalva , -, - , 1. - hUll1all~
)' ~ . in!ensely ~ , 8. surp~ised. wdr
, 1. -, .41. , grana ry , . - , . . ]rill
- . do 5erviee (favour) ~, -, -, .11101. ~ surprrsed , . - , . .<1 . pil1
~, -;, . do servlc~ (favour) , - . (, /oIec8.) sur , -, . bite
, - , ,,: 5mr!e prised, wonder , 1. -, . )01. character
, - , " . '~11e ~ , 8 .1. surp~lsed, wonde r , -, 8. IJke. enjoy
, , , 1. , 1. -, . ,w. ki lrg. tsJ
, . -, . . vlper , 8fJ. lIked , 1. -, . . ma ize. Corll
, .. -, . 'f.
success .
, -, . ," ; mak e ( drt'ss)
, -, ('8. Hke, j
, -, -, . - 11I;l1/. f' .
. successfu]lly) , 8. liked
- , 8. ( , 8.) succeed , - , 8. sew; make ( dress) , .. -, . . paper , -, -, . - kings. fO l
~, -, . lm, 500the; assuag.e , _, - , . _ cosy - bIotli ng , -, 8. riR
, 8 . calm down; 5l . s ., -, 8. catch ; lake ; get

, . -, . . Ilower
rnlnd l e~se , -, 8. calch; tak('; get , 1 . -, . .. . ]iOle 0,,\\"
, -, . 1, soothe; },, -, . Ihrow, casl
"
i:
, . -, . . !actor~
assl13ge . J1, - , . throw, cas!
, . -, . . . g . , .<I. . . JI. C;llIlif]H\\"' 1
1< , 8. l dow n; set , - , 8. fl
, -n, -, M/oI. - famr ly 8.
" mind ! ease Al. ]ook.
, _, -, . _ ! ~. 1. , t:. Af. S .'Il, (f,IUl!1
~ . paralle] (witlr) , -, -, 1. - hy- , .41101. -, (. . airn. goa!
, -, . ( , .) Sllcceed tastic gienic
, . -, . . Iighthouse; ]lead- .
, . -, . . mouth , ,wH. -, . . hul. re51 -110u5e ~, - , kiB
HeCf1.
-, ". eslabIlsh; s Ii~hl' . .Jl, .6/(. 1 . Jl, ., . , lhIIS ' , -, . kiss
~, -, . es~abIish ; sellle . , . )l.:4f, . . beans ' .
.' , 1. -, . . pricc
, .II. .. . . lascJsm

i
, 8. organ1 ze: ,tll U. tl10usan d
, - , -, JI . -J11I11 {'llf r.,1
, -lt, " . org~nize.' arrange, settl~ , .. -, .41. fascrsl
, 1. - , (. . 5urgeon , .41101. ll , .. , "', l'elllH'
, - , 8. confrrm ; , , ..11. February , . , -, -, ",101. - ill; , 1. -, . . sl]l. ,k]l:ll tm" ll t
eAneToH, . . -, . . feu rlleton

i
ratily . Hit]er , -, - n, .1'11. - tIIl ,i\,I. 1, ].0[01
, 8. confi rmed ta p , 1. ,w. . . feudallsm
, -, -, )oIH. - '[. UJ1ig (c]othes)
. - , . . {
proved) , - , - , .. - !
, - , " . ccnfirrn; Kpa~e - dairy.farm m\, _ , - , .<I. - l
, 1 . - , (. "" . f'i~ JI(' II "
, . . .IIII. (. 11. <Tlll"111
(,: r !il - pig - Ifl lJ1() , . Al, . . coo]n!'ss , .41101. . . -"~ /illc

378
 , ~ . -, . . 11OIIow 01 the hand ;
handf uJ
, . . -, . . laHor
\, . -, . .11. ' tof J! w8!ch) , . -, . ., /!. s3Hcer io, . . . . south
, .If. -, . . dress-maker
t.J!, -, . twJtter '1, . - , . . plafe , ll.lt. sOll t h- sl
, -, -, . . - lallor'$ , dress-
, -, . bursl i t Ilower, n, . -, . . num ber , -, -, .\fH. - ~"" II ,.
maker's
, -, -, ,w H. - clean, easl
, . . sewing
~ , -, C/J. s l into fl ower, bl '1, , , . . l i g , .WH. (I'(I (JI;\
", -, -, . . - wide, broad ; loose
, -, . bIoom, f]ower ; f ]ish , -, He C/J. l ; dry (] , -) . . . Jugoslav
, .If. -, . . bol!le
, -, -, .. l i , who[e, - , ,w H. - t . . rea ding room io, , , .If . , ~""111<"".
, .II . -, . . /! . littl
plele , . -, . . pair
ttl
st11
'1, .If . -, . . uncle , .I1H. -, . :;. power-plant
, .It . -, . . skewer; gri lled
, _, -, ,l(. - ( rn) IJncle's , . . Ju [y
!
, . -, . . m , ,1(11. . -, . . Il ro, ,ll1.
m, .11 1'1 . , . . k
, . -, . .11 . IlmbrelJa , -, -, ,w H. - membership figbler
ll, .. -, . . . Cllpboard ; book-
, J1 H. , . .. lea ; 01 leJ - m sh J dues , (. ,w. June
, . -, . . waiti ng-Toom
case
, . ; .ItH. - U people , .1111. -, . ,w. quilt
, .If . -, (. (. .. little
t, -, lI.. wait, l , ,w H. , . . ma nkind ",. . . dls
cupboaTd
, . -, . . bag , -, -, .11 1'1 . - human
- bed-!ab!e
- t v g g , . -, If. sock ; slocking
, .If . -, . .
raincoat
, . -, . . sheel '10, .II . -, . .If . masler, ricll , .If . -, . ,11.mechan ic
, . -, . . hOUT; class
" , ,wH . -, . . cutlet, schnilzel
tt, . -11H, . . walch, clock , -, -, ,w H. - dishevell ed
, . -, . . ! ; Hnit; share - schnitze! natuTc
~ ; -, . h e~r
- schnit zel . 011 1 wllY ! li st! now
, . -, . . glass, , mug f 8, -, . u . ']
, . -, . . cllOcolate
, -, -, . - sleel '1 , '38. 'l (o.s.) , . -, . . apple; app]e-trce
', -, -, .1f H . - chocolate
, .If . -, . -. fore rnost wOTke r , .If . .lt. . .If. c<lsl iron; pig /!, . -, . . higll-way
, _, -, . - obv ious, ~ .. ilt-
, . -, . . fOTehead iron ent,
, . -, . . driver
, -, -, . -, red , -, - .lfll. . - odd, qlleer , - , . 838. appear, prese nf 0.5.
, . , . . spy
'r, . -, . . Jipstic k , -, -, . - wonderflll, , -- , . 8'l16. ~ppca .
~, .1f/t. -, . . noise
'repeH,. -, -, .. - bIack Jovely, strange . noisy
rsl o.s.
, . -, . . cllerry, cherry Iree , -, -, . - wonderfll] , ,w H. -, . . slrawberry
, -, . make noise
" bI~ckbo~rd . wonde rfu l1y , -, -, . - sfrawberry
, . . ham
, - , 1I.. e1;3(Jp. show , -, -, - n. gueer , . -, . . anger
bI ~ck , - , . 3(J. wonder, _ angry
", -, -, . - BI~c k Sea arnazed , . _, . . meal ; dis11 ; l'at ill~
, -, . Ire~t; draw (water) , . Jl , . . ab road; fo reign .
. . -, . . ]ine, slri pe; feature , . -, . . woode n ease, crafe , -, 8. make angry
count ry
, -, HeC/J. draw , . , . . foreigrier
, ,wH . -, . . Sla]] ; cOHnter , -, -, . - g
, . , . . l!OnOll r , -, -, ,w 1l.. - 10- , . . happi ness; luck, good ' - , -, 8.make gry
, -, . celebrate relgn lune , -, -, . - nuclear
, - , -, . - happy ~ , . - ... 11m , _, -, . - happy , -, . ride
, . -, . . Rreeling posl .. lap, knock lI. Ilappily , . , . . da m, reSCI\'" ir
, -, 1I.. 8 . gtu l t '1 VHaM, -, . knock; c!ing (glasses) , -, 8 . pJnch , . . -, . . egg
. often , - , . pincl\
, - , . knock: cHng (glasseS) ll, J1 H. -, . .
, .lt . , . .It. garlic '1, .lt . - , . . skyJark " . , (. . crickel , , . eat, '\ 0.'5 mc,,]s
'leTa , .II. - , . . delachment, d , - , . assaul t , . -, .. Ilooded c]oak
. , . hear
, -, . re~d "", . -, . . slork , . . Jal1uary
, . 1I.,lI, . . quarle r , . -, . ,w. yoke
, -, -, MII.. - square ~ , -, -, . - !: ]' !" '!!
, . -, . . Thu Tsday , - , . slir , . _, . . dish
, . . H~ading , .It. -, . . 11al, -, .lt H. rn. . ,w . rn , . -, . . floc k
", . -, . . brusll , -, -, .. - many-colollfcd. !
- tool h-brush ley. bTight
_ cJollJes -u s h (), . ., . ,11. check mate ;
.~ shoebrush chess
, -, . brIJsI\ ., . -, . ,w . clless playe r
", . -, . ,w . 01 , . . -, . . joke
at med detac hme nt (historical) , -, -, . - jocu lat, play lul
, . -, . ,w . Czech . playfu!ly, jokingly
, ,l(. -, . . Czech woman , - , . B3lJp. joke ;
, -, - , ,w H . - Czcch make fun (01)
, ,w H . -, . ,w . de$k : riol nk m, . -, . . sledge, loboggan

380
 GEO GR A PH I C N A M ES
. .

Auslrla Moscow
Asia Ossam
l g , AIglers Parls
Ame rlca Pirin ADDIIONAL READINO
England n ]
Arda
Af rica
n PlIska
Plovdlv

Balchik Rlla
6 Berlin Rome
t ourgas Rhodope M ou nl ~ i ns
White Sea II ! Rose Valley
1 ~ f\' Roumanla
! Brlt aln ~ce Ro usse
Vlt Syria
Vltosha (Mountain) n Sunny eih
" . 6". $
() German Democratlc Republ!c (GDR) Medlterranean
II . lI Ger- S redna gOt l (Mou ntain)
Federal Republlc Stara Zagora
Guinea " 8alkan(Range), Stara Planlni1l
\' Greece Strand ja Plani na
Damascus ' ( ) Sovlet U l
Dimitrovg rad (USSR)
Dobro udJa lfi
ro ~ Th r~ce
3i Golden Sands ToundJ~
fska r \.
Carlbbean Se~ )' nl Hungary
sl Sca France
i Chlna
Black Sea
i Leipzlg CZe(:hos]ovakla
k: Latl n America Istanbul, Constantinopole
Londo n Ju gosJavla
M~ri tsa ~KT pa Y~ntra

ABBRE VIAT IO N S


(1849-1876)
...
.

,.
_ Arabic
_ lnslead of
_ Greek
~

n. - dlalect , ! ,
", ...:....
- Lalin ,
".
.
_ popular ,
. _ obsolete h .
. _ Pcrsian
Il. - poetical
_ Jronica l ,
rp eHe6p .
. _ flgu ralive ly ;
pa3r. _ colloquial , . ,
. _ abbrevlated !
. - Turkls!1
. - French
. - jocular ,
.

- !

... , ,
1 ! , ,
h\l ! '
roc .. . , 1

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:
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388
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