zexrde zeaebz

gqt oaxw zaxwd onf lr

crend leg zyecw lre
`"aaez w"dr mlyexi ,a"ryz oqip 'h .c"qa
.`"hily 'oirnd' zkxrn 'akl
.d`pda ,mincewd zepeilibd lk mb enk ,izlaiwy oexg`d oeilibd xear dcez
:xirdl zeyx ywa`
miipy - zevnd bge gqtd oaxw bg') `"hily me`apyxiw axd ly exn`na .`
oia dxizqa ,xzid oia ,oc `ed (3 'nr ,a"ryz oqip ,201 'lb 'oirnd' ,'cg` mdy
.ryedi xtqae irqn zyxta gqtd zxgnn
ycegl dryza mkizytp z` mzipre' aezk xen` zyxta :cer zeywdl yi c"prl
ipy evxze miprzn ixiyra `lde miprzn dryza ike l"fg eywd recike ,'axra
elk`z axra ycegl mei xyr drax`a oey`xa' xn`p `a zyxta eli`e ,mivexiz
milke` e"ha `lde zevn milke` c"ia ike' ,'nba zegtl ,epivn `le ,'zevn
!'zevn
xg` jled dlild did dxez ozn mcewy mipexg`d ehwpy dn it lr c"prl uexizd
ozn mcew xn`p `a zyxta weqtde ,dlild ixg` jled meid dxez ozn ixg`e meid
mixvn gqty `l` ,gqtd zlik` zxgn `ed zenewnd ipya gqtd zxgn df itl .dxez
`ed ezxgne e"h did df lblb gqtae ,e"ha l`xyi ipa e`vi gqtd zxgnne c"i did df
.f"h
(51-62 'nr my ,'crend lega oilitz zgpd') `"hily we'vpit axd ly exn`na .a
md m` ,crend leg ini l` dxezd zeqgiizda dxe`kl dxizqd lr cner `ed
.`l e` ycew `xwn llka
minid mr qgia) md crend leg ini la` ,envr cvn ycw `xwn `ed aeh mei c"prl
legae ,meid zyecw lr dkxa epl yi aeh meia okl .dy`
¤ aixwdl ycw i`xwn (miaehd
ueg ,dceardn zraep ezyecw ik ,dceard zkxaa meid z` mixikfn ep` crend
.dceardn zraep dlek `idy sqen zlitzn
`ziixe`c `xwia
miield xirv
lvpap xcbia`

ä ä ä

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  92

 - l"xdnd ixtq ly dycgd dxecdnd lr
zxewial daebz
zxcddl oekn" i"r b`xtn l"xdn iazk ly dycg dxecdn drited `"ryz zpya
mebxz ,ynegd mr "dix` xeb" ly mikxk dying :mikxk xyr cg`a ,"l"xdn ixtq
jxkde ,l"xdnd ly miizebdd eixeaig ly mikxk dying ,i"yx yexite qelwpe`
xn`n qtcp 'oirnd' ly zncewd zxaega .l"xdnd ixeaigl illk gztn llek oexg`d
mzk`ln cbp zeprh elred ,dxecdnd ly dgaya mixac cvl ;1ef dxecdn lr zxewa
"eixeaige b`xtn l"xdnd" mya xn`n lr zxewa mb ea dllkpe ,l"ende mixicdnd ly
ixac .('d zexeab xtq) dxecdnd ly oey`xd jxkd y`xa qtcpy ,azekd iz`n
mixyi miyp`l leer miyer ,jka dn ly mixaca miwqer mwlgy ,elld zxewiad
ef dxecdna eriwyde ,agx xeaivl zlrez ea yiy dyrn zeyrl egxh xy` ,mipebde
lr mb aib` jk ab`e ,mixacd lr aiydl oekpl iz`vn .daxd oenn mbe ax lnr
.'eke miiwp mziide miiwl ,ilr xwand ly eizepelz
xcqd itl ,ef dxecdna ('miiewild' :epeyla) xwand `vny zepexqgd z` hxt` oldl
mlrzdl izxga .zeprhd lr aib`e ,mpeylk eixac z` `ia` xyt`d lkk .xn`nay
lk jxce ,df ly enrhn dpey df ly enrh ixdy ,mrh ly mipiipr mxwiry miperihn
.eipira dxyi yi`
l"xdnd iazk lk z` zllek dpi` 2uiaewxa zxecdn ,mineqxtl cebipa" .`
."q"yd zecb`l eiyexit lilk mixcrp ik ,daygnae diteqelita
ly 'miiq`lw'd mixeaigd lk z` zllek dxecdnd .xwand ly ezrc gepz :okae
miakrn ,mlyen xac mdici zgzn `ivedl mpevxe ,mixicdnd ly mal xyeie ,l"xdnd
z` qitcdl lwpa elki mixicdnd .q"yd zecb`l miyexitd zqtcd z` oiicr
milyexia "dnly dxez" oekn zxecdn ,zeniiwd zexecdnd itl elld miyexitd
ceqi lr xeaigd z` ycgn xicddl exga md j` ,oecpela "jepigd" z`ved zxecdne
rney ip`y itk .miinei e` meil dpi` ef dk`lne ,cidÎiazk ly zycegn d`ixw
.aexwd sxega d"ra ritedl xen` yexitd ,mixicdndn
zkqnl l"xdnd yexit ,'miigd jxc' z` qitcdl mzhlgd z` oian ipi`" .a
ynegd mr edeqitcdy ,'dix` xeb' znerl z`f ."zeipynd oeyl `ll ,zea`
.i"yx yexite
ynegde i"yx yexit ly mkxr - mixicdnd ly mzrc mb ef `nzqne - izrc zeiprl
ly ezpadl zea` zkqn ly dzeaiygn dnk it miaeyg 'dix` xeb' ly ezpadl envr
,zea` zkqn eipir cbpl cenrzy ila 'miigd jxc' xtqa cenll mc` leki .'miigd jxc'
zqtcd okl .i"yx yexita oiirl ilan 'dix` xeb' z` cenll ozipy oin`n ippi` j`

fenz ,c ,ap) 202 'lb 'oirnd' ,'dycg ceqi zxecdna l"xdnd ixtq' ,lwpitxeb il` axd 1
.62-57 'nr (a"ryz
xyti`e ,zitqk dpigan "l"xdn ixtq zxcddl oekn"l riiq uiaewxa qgpit mdxa` 'x 2
."yhiee`wxra zxecdn" mya dxecdnl `xw oeknd .xiaq xigna mixtqd zxikn z` jka

93  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd

zkqn gqep ztqed j` ,dlecb zlrez da yiy i`ce 'dix` xeb'a xz` lr i"yx yexit
.zipeig dpi` 'miigd jxc'l zea`
dcedi axd jxry , 'micibp ixac' gqt ly dcbdd yexit zllkdl cbpzn xwand .b
xtqdn hwl `ed df xeaig ,xwand mb azeky itk .ef dxcqa ,bxapfex lcei
ly zetqez dnk mb llek j` ,l"xdn ly mixg` mixeaigne 'myd zexeab'
izxkfd oey`xd jxkd y`xa qtcpy ily xn`nay azek envr xwand .bxapfex
miwqerd mixwgnl iziptde ,df xeaig ly ,dhrnd oeyla ,iziirad epiipr z`
df yexit qitcdl `ly did ahen ok` iyi`d inrhl .ekxer ly ezedfae ea
z` etxiv md ;dpey dziid mixicdnd ly mzrc j` ,l"xdn iazk zxcqa
mipiipern miaxe ,l"xdnd ly `ed ok` xeaigd ly lecbd aexdy meyn yexitd
eqgi ote` dhlad xzia oievi ze`ad zeqtcday deewn ip` .eze` micnele ea
.l"xdnl xeaigd ly
mixacl dpeekdyk ,"xewn oeiv ila ,zexexa zecaerk miriten miyecig" .c
miipy oia dwifd `id" ,xwand oreh ,"jkl `nbec" .xkfpd ily xn`na izazky
qetca ybcend ,mdipia xywd ...'miigd jxc'e 'mler zeaizp' ,l"xdn ixeaign
.qcxt axd ly ezxecdna wx ritede aye mixge`nd miqetca hnyed ,oey`xd
."mxne` mya mixacd exn`p `ly lag
ly l"end e` qitcnd `ed 'miigd jxc'e 'mler zeaizp' oia xywd z` oiivy in j`
myn .xtqd ly xryl xarn dqtcpy dncwda ,'mler zeaizp' ly dpey`xd dxecdnd
mb ynn oi`y jk ;qcxt axd ly ezxecdnl llk izwwfp `le ,mixacd z` izgwl
my'a xikfdl `ly" oevx jezn qcxt axd ly ezxkfdn izrpnpy xwand ly ecyga
.3"zencew zellkeyn zexecdn ...'yxetnd
mixnk ly zetwzdl daebza xaeg [jk] 'dleb x`a'y dybcdd `id diipy `nbec"
x`iexa ikcxn 'textd ly exwgn lr qqean ...df yecig ...cenlzd cbp micneyne
oevxn zraep [zncewd dwqitay ef] dpey`xd dhnydd ik aeygl mewn yi ...gepnd
diipyd dhnydd eli`e ,zencew zellkeyn zexecdn ...'yxetnd my'a xikfdl `ly
."'miircn' zexewnl oeivn rpnidl oevxn zraep [x`iexa 'text ly eny zhnyd=]
eipir ena d`ex did ily xn`nd z` `xew did eli` .xwand epl dyr wegv
rty ,'miircn' mya mze` dpkn xwandy beqd on zexewn xiaknl mipievn zexrday
x`iexa ikcxn 'text ly eny zxkfd zeaxl ,miifrele miixar zexewnl zeiptd ly
?ipni`e lifi` `lkexk eh`e .jxry 'cec gnv' xtqd zxecdn lr gepnd
x`iexa .'dlebd x`a' ly epiipr zpada x`iexa 'text ly ezekf dax ok` ,oiiprd mvrl
xacd mvr j` .4xeaiga ifkxnk df oiipr cwine ,ihbelet` xeaigk xeaigd z` xicbd
ok lre ,x`iexa ly eyecig epi` mixvep ly mdizeprhl l"xdn aiyn 'dlebd x`a'ay

.6 dxrd ,oldl mb e`xe .oldl xwand azk jk 3

ly mdiqenlewn eilr zetwzd iptn cenlzd lr dpbd azk `l` epi` ...exwiray" :epeylk 4
xfge ,260-253 'nr ,(e"nyz) dp ,uiaxz zrdÎazka dligz qtcp xn`nd ."mixnene mixnk
.137-129 'nr ,h"pyz milyexi ,'zrde hrd ixtn siq`' x`iexa ly eixn`n uaewa qtcpe
.130 'nrn hehivd

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  94

.(my epiir ,ily ixewn yecig epi` llk oiiprdy izybcd j`) izazky itk izazk
,micneynde mixnkd oiipr xkfp xak mday el mincew mixwgn xikfn envr x`iexa
.x`iexa ly xn`nd z` `exwl gxh `l mb d`xpk xwand j`
mb siqedl did ie`xd one" :xwand azek ,l"xdn ly miizkldd eixeaig oiipra .d
cb axd ly xehwecd zceara mqxety itk df `yepa ycgzdy axd rcind z`
."xafb
xwand ly egek xyiie ,ea ewqr mihrn wxy df `yepa mixac eycgzdy gny ippd
oebk oepbqa azek did xwand eli` rxbp did dn .ef dcear ly dneiw lr epl ricedy
ea xgay oepbqdy lag ?'eke "ycgzdy axd rcind z` siqedl i`ck df `yepa"
.mrh mey `ll ,ipxhpw `ed xwand
xaecn" :epeylk) dxecdnl sxevy gztnl miizin` migay cvl :gztnd jxk .e
oiadl izglvd `l" :xwand oreh ,("l"xdnd iazk lkl ebeqn oey`xd gztna
edylk xcql mi`zn epi` s`e iziatl` epi` xcqd ...mihixtd exceq dn itl
."hixt lk dptn mdil` l"xdnd iazk ly
.ziatl` xcqa jexrd ,"gztnl gzt" xecnd `ed gztnl qiqady `id daeyzd
miifkxn mikxr itl jexrd ,lecbd mipiiprd gztnay mikxrl oiirnd dpten df xecna
.mikxrÎzze
zexecdnl mz`eeyd i"r mixtqd zdbda migazyn uiaewxa zxecdn ikxer" .f
ixeaigl epiptl miievnd cid iazkl `le ,mipey`xd miqetcl :wece .zepey`xd
."l"xdnd
envr `ede ,l"xdnd ly eiiga eqtcp epiptly dxcqa ellkpy l"xdnd ly eixeaig
rawy gqepd z` zeeydl mrh yi m` lecb wtq df avna .qtcpy gqepl i`xg`d
,q"yd zecb`l l"xdnd ixe`iaa z`f znerl .ciÎiazka exnzypy ze`gqep l` xagnd
it lr xeaigd zxcdda ziceqi dcear miyer ok` mixicdnd ,mqitcd `l l"xdndy
.5dlrnl xen`k ,cidÎiazk
dxidan dpi` zepey`xd zexecdnl gqepd deeyed ditl zillkd dxin`d" .g
."zpeekn `id zexecdn el`l wiecna
.zepey`xd zexecdnd ok` od "zepey`xd zexecdnd" :lecb yecig o`k ycg` ,okae
.oheytk ornyn .zepey`x od "zepey`x"
zencew zexecdna zeierh ly "minqxetn mixwn ipy" m` "ogea" xwand .h
dxecdnd ly xryd gqep `ed oey`xd dxwnd .zigkepd dxecdna epwez

ly mzrcl .mly epi` `ed mbe ,"miigd jxc" ly wx xceqn ciÎazk epiptl ,xacd mvrl 5
gqep `ed df ciÎazk ,onhxd cec ryedi axde qcxt miig axd ,"miigd jxc" ixicdn
epiptl miievnd cid iazk" lr xwand ixac .`nw dxecdn `ede xeaigd ly xvewn
ixeaig ly cid iazk lr .miipivx mpi` (zecb`d iyexit caln) "l"xdnd ixeaigl
:inewnd icedid oe`ifend ici lr b`xta xe`l `viy uaewa xl'vix oinipa azk l"xdnd
Benjamin Richler, Manuscripts of Maharal’s writings, in: Path of Life, Rabbi Judah
"'d zexeab" ly cid iazk lr eixacn .Loew Ben Bezalel, Prague 2009, pp. 123-137
zxcddl iynn jxr elld cid iazkl oi` izxkfdy wenipd ila mby ,dler "dix` xeb"e
.elld mixeaigd

95  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd

`ed ipyd "yeaiy"d .6ef dxecdna "hnyed"y ,"mler zeaizp" ly dpey`xd
azek envr xwandy oeeikn .miqetc dnka hnypy ,rhw ly dhnyd
!?`vny mbtd ok m` dn - qtcp oecpd rhwd zigkepd dxecdnay
jxevd z` xidadl ick zewitqn dl` ze`nbecy dncp" :xwand zpwqn .i
xzei zwiecne ,cgn ziyeniy dxecdn ...l"xdn iazkl xzei ziceqi dceara
."jci`n
,cg` cr oleka ynn did elit` ,xwand dpny zepexqgd m` hilgdl `xewl xi`y`
.zwiecn witqn dpi`e ziyeniy dpi` ef dxecdn ik "zexidan" ok`

aelcei wgvi
xikfn `ed eze` "mler zeaizp" ly oey`xd qetcd ly xryd z` llk d`x `l xwand 6
"miig jxc" oiay xywd z` yibcnd - eilr xacn xwandy hqwhd ;mrt xg` mrt
z`n dpi` ef dncwd .el xarny dncwda `l` xrya `vnp epi` - "mler zeaizp"e
dqtcpe dxfg `l jkitle ,qetcl `iand e` qitcnd z`n ,d`xpk ,`l` l"xdnd
.xtqd ly ze`ad zexecdna

ä ä ä

daebzl daebz
,izpiivy zedinzd on dnk lr daiydy ,aelcei xn ly ezaebz z` `exwl izgny
xzei zvw migxeh mikxerd eid el did aeh dn ,ok` .zeierh dnk lr ize` dcinrd s`e
dcbdd xagn ly ezedf zxdad znbeck ,mi`xewd lv` zewtq mixxern eid `l jke
cer yi .cere gztnd ly melrd edpan ,(miaehe milecb drhd xen`ky) 'micibp ixac'
epravd mdilr miiewildn wlgy mircei ep` dzr zegtl j` ,mixaca oecl mewn
.miinihibl dkixr ilewiyne ,zelkyen zehlgdn miraep
mixaca miwqer mwlgy ,elld zxewiad ixac" :gqepa daebzy xeaq ip` ,z`f mr
ea yiy dyrn zeyrl egxh xy` ,mipebde mixyi miyp`l leer miyer ,jka dn ly
dni`zn dpi` ,"daxd oenn mbe ax lnr ef dxecdna eriwyde ,agx xeaivl zlrez
lhp `l yi`e ,'gek xyii' zkxal dxecdnd ikxer miie`x ,ok` .zipiipr mixtq zxewial
'zeilr' zwelga o`k miwqer eppi` j` ;`aae dfa mdizeiekf z` miyrnde § © miyerd on
'gek xyii'd zxin` cvl .zn`l dxizgae zecaerd xexiaa `l` - zqpkd ziaa
ok` qgiizn zxewiad on wlgy zyxetnd dybcdde ,ixn`na dzid ok`y zhxetnd
lk' z` xe`l e`ivedy enqxti mixtq iqitcny lynl ie`x `ly ipnec ,'miphw mikt'l
.dkixr ialya (!oiicr) `vnp mikxkdn wlg cera 'l"xdnd ixtq
xzei zwiecn dxecdnl mi`kf l"xdnd ly ezxez ibed ,mnvra mikxerd epiivy itk
eqgiizd iizexrdn zeax ,jkitl .mdiptl dk cr egpedy zexecdndn xzei ziyeniye
ikxer excdzd ea df megza `weec xetiyl mewn yie ,dxecdnd ly 'zEizecici'l
dleki dpi` dizencew ly odizepexqg zxaqda zgzetd dxecdn ;zxweand dxecdnd
mze`a zpgeae ,mikxerd ly mdizenilb iletiya zfge`d ,zizxewia dnbn cbp oerhl
.mci zgzn e`ivedy 'xven'd z` milk

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  96

oiivy iny orhe ,'miigd jxc'e 'mler zeaizp' oia dwifd zhnyd lr wchvd aibnd
lr epcinrn `ed ezaebza xg` mewna j` .dpey`xd dxecdnd ly l"end `ed df xyw
.izprh `id `ide ,eilr eici jnq l"xdny qtcpd gqepd zeaiyg
cera ,ial zneyz z` x`iexa 'text ly eny zhnyd dxxer recn dnz cakpd aibnd
xtq ly zircn dxecdnl dptid s`e ,xiaknl 'miircn' zexewn e`eana oiiv `edy
xtqa ixvepÎihp`d qenletd aiheny ,orhe siqed `ed .x`iexa 'text eze` xicddy
ly d`ixwd ixeyik lr ddz jk jezne ,x`iexa ly eyecig epi` llk 'dlebd x`a'
,ok` ;x`iexa ly exn`na dpye `xw xwand :cakpd aibnd ly ezrc gepz .xwand
qenletd cner 'dlebd x`a' xtq ly erwxay jk lr cnry oey`xd epi` x`iexa 'text
lelkd yecigd lya `weec df xwgn ly ezhnyd z` cgeina izybcd j` ,mixvepd mr
ywand xeaig wx epi` 'dlebd x`a' ,x`iexa zprhl .eincew lv` riten epi`y ,ea
ixvep xeaig cbp oeekn `l` - b`xt ly dllga exqipy zeixvep zeprh mr ccenzdl
epkez z` rnyy xg`l eilr aibd zegtl e` ,envra l"xdn `xw eze` ,ihxwpew
izeaxzd diite` zpadl df yecig ly ezernyn lr dagxda cnr x`iexa .hexhexta
didz xxerl dziid dieyr df oexg` xwgnl diptdd zhnyd `weece ,fpky` zecdi ly
`le dipin `ly xxazdy gny ip` .dxecdnd ikxer z` dzgpdy 'zipxdh' dnbn lr
.exdaed mixacdy aeh ;dizvwn
one" oia lcadd z` oiadl izikf `l .iixac ly mgeqipl dxeyw ztqep daeyg dxrd
`l` il oi` df oepbqn rbtpy in did m` j` ,"siqedl i`ck" oial "siqedl did ie`xd
.ezgilq z` ywal
lwpitxeb il`
ä ä ä

daypy wepiz zxcbd oiipra

zxfeg ef dl`y ?epiniay mixtek e` mipiixar micedil ie`xd izkldd qgid edn
mpi`y micedid llkl qgiizdl laewn .mipey mixtqae mixn`na dpexg`l dpecipe
.milibxd miizkldd millkd itl mpecl oi`y ,"eaypy zewepiz"k eppnfa zeevn ixney
(159-161 micenr [a"ryz zah ;a ,ap] 200 'lb 'oirnd') `"hily o`nvk diaeh axd
xikny in :dxeng zizkld dpwqnl liaeny ,dtie mkgezn jldn dax zeizivnza azk
ita diexwd dxitk) excbe myd ze`ivna miwqerd mixwira xtek j` zicedid zcd z`
d`vez dpyi ef dpwqnl ."daypy wepiz" ly dxcbdl i`kf epi` ('zepin' m"anxd
dxitkl ekpege elcby miax micedi epxrvl meik mpyi oky ,epinia zkl zwigxn ziyrn
micedi axwl e` aed`l devn ,dxe`kl ,oi` o`nvk axd zpwqn xe`le ,myd ze`ivna
.1zeywe zeax zeizkld zeklyd cere ,jqp oii mpii ,mtcexle m`peyl jixv `l` el`

eitl ,h"qyz zpya onheb fkxn ici lr dyrpy xwq zxeywzd ilka mqxtzp dpexg`l 1
'd`lnd qekd ivg' mpn`) 'da mipin`n mpi` l`xyi zpicna micedidn mifeg` mixyrk
mipin`n l`xyi ux` iayez l`xyi ipa epig`n mifeg` mipenyy dcaerd z` zllek
.(!l`xyi iwel`a

97  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd

 :2dxvwa mdilr biydle ,o`nvk axd ly eixac zivnz z` bivdl ipevxa
mipin`nd micedil qgid iabl (f ,b daeyz zekld) c"a`xde m"anxd ewlgp .`
dnxbp mzerhy mdilr xbpqn c"a`xde ,mipink mdil` qgiizn m"anxd :'d zenyba
yxtl laewn .mipin mpi` okle ,al meza dzyrpe dheytk dxezd yexit zngn
xtekd lr obdl dleki qpe`e dbby zprh m`d dl`ydn zraep mdipia zwelgndy
oreh o`nvk axd .xtek aygp al meza xtek mb m"anxd zrcle ,dpen`d ixwira
ezii`xe ,('d ze`ivna dpen`l zrbepd dxitk) zepin iabl wx jk xaeq m"anxdy
mdy orehe (b ,b mixnn zekld) epnf ly mi`xwd lr obn m"anxdy jkn `id zixwird
ipin`nn dpeya ,myd ze`ivna extk `l mdy meyn `l` df oi`e ,eaypy zewepizk
.mipin miaygp mpi` okle ,zenybd
(225-227 'nr ,'qpe` e` dbby jezn dxitk' [`"ryz] `l jxk) 'oinegz'a ixn`na
.el`d m"anxd ixacay dxizqa xak eywzd mipexg`d zexeca minkg dnky izazk
.` :my iz`ady zeaeyzdn mizy ly aeliy dyrnl `id o`nvk axd rivdy daeyzd
ribdl ozipy `ed jkl mrhd .a .dxitk zaygp qpe`a dxitk - zepin iabl `weec
.zeclin jepig `ll mb elld dpen`d ixwirl
mixnn) m"anxdy `id odn zg` ;zeaiq dnkn ipira zi`xp dpi` ef daeyz mle`
`xnbd z` yxtn `edy o`kne ,micedi exikd mdy zexnl epnf ly mi`xwd lr obn (b ,b
eze` eay avnl mb zqgiiznk (cere gq zay) miiebd oial daypy wepiza zwqerd
ly my epnn driwtn dpi` efd zexkidd ezrcle ,zicedid zcd z` ezexbaa ybt icedi
xyt`e ,dxf dcear ly xywda mb daypy wepiz oicl zqgiizn `xnbd .'daypy wepiz'
axd ixacl cebipa ,zeclin ekepig zngn f"r caery in lr mb obi m"anxdy gipdl
oiiprl :m"anxd ixaca dxizql ilyn daeyz izrvd oinegza l"pd ixn`na !o`nvk
oiiprl la` ,3ewlg z` ciqtd qpe`a xtekd mby m"anxd xeaq `ad mlera wlg zlaw
wigxdl oi`y mikqn m"anxd mb dfa qpe`a xtekl mixg` micedi ly ie`xd qgid
.y"iir ,eze`
dxezl sygpy icedi mb m`d mixg` mipey`xl m"anxd oia zwelgn dpyi .a
`l dxezl sygpy daypy wepiz mb m"anxd zrcle ,"daypy wepiz" aygp dizeevnle
n"al o"xde o"anxd) mipey`xd mya `ian o`nvk axd .daypy wepiz xcb epnn rwt
lcby dcaerd lya zeyaeynd eizerca my` epi` i`xwdy m"anxd itl :`iyew (a ,`r

'nr gk jxka :oecipd `yepl mixeywd mixn`n dyely izazk 'oinegz' zrd azka 2
m`d - xtek ly zecr' 321-332 'nr l jxk ,'zeevn xney epi`y icedi ly zecr' 211-222
zngn dpen`d ixwira xtekd oic' 222-229 'nr `l jxk ,'?l`xyi llkn d`ivi okzz
mipey`xd zwelgna mb x`yd oiae) "daypy wepiz" zxcbda oc mday oey`xd .'qpe`
m`d dl`ya oc ipyd ,(daypy wepiz aygidl leki zicedid zcd z` xiknd icedi m`d
.xtekk oecip qpe` jezn xtekd m`d dl`ya iyilyde ,l`xyi llkn wlgk xcben xtek
;oiprd iccva izagxd eae ,o`nvk axd ly exn`nl xzeia xeywd `ed iyilyd xn`nd
.l"pd mixn`na oiiri `yepa winrdl dvexde ,dxvwa mixacl qgiiz` o`k
dncwda m"anxd zrcl mi`zn df xac .daeyz zeklda m"anxd ixac miwqer dfae 3
ly eytp dribn dil`y zirah d`vez `ed `ad mlerd ditl ,zenewn cerae wlg wxtl
.ezxitka my` `ed oi` m` mb ef zenlyl ribn epi` xtekde ,zipgex zenlyl dkfy mc`

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  98

ziaixa izekl zeeldl dxf dcear zkqna inlyexid xizn ji` ,zeclin el` zerc lr
m`zda m"anxd z` ayiin `ede !daypy wepiz `ed ixd ,(zxzeny iebl d`eeldk)
ly dpbdl mi`kf mpi` okle ,"zepin" aygp dfe ,dxf dcear ecar mizekd :ezhiyl
ixac o`k cr .f"r ecar `l j` dt lray dxeza extky mi`xwl cebipa ,daypy wepiz
.o`nvk axd
:mikxc izya ef dl`y ayiil ozip .4elrpp `l mivexiz ixry j`
rnyn ("ziaixa ozeeldl xzen oixqiwc i`zek") inlyexid oeyl zehytn :zg` jxc
`le zenewn x`ya `l ,xec eze`a ixqiwa exby mizekd iabl wx dxn`p dwiqtdy
eda` iax z` el`y ixqiway mizekdy xteqn my inlyexia lirl .5mixg` mipnfa
eda` iaxe ,jqp oiik eply oiid z` mixqe` mz` eli`e oii epz`n epw mkizea` recn
dze`a wx ,xnelk .mkiyrn mzlwlw mz` ,mdiyrn elwlw `l mkizea` :mdl aiyd
epiy jk zngne ,dxf dcear cearl mizekd elgd (mi`xen`d ztewz zligz) dtewz
`l ixqiway mizek mze` ok m` .miebk mdil` eqgiizde ,mdil` qgid z` minkgd
zexeca mizekd mda e`hg `ly zexiara e`hg `l` ,eaypy zewepiz llk eid
.xzei minecwd
`id ef dwiqty rnyn (b sirq my r"eya d"ke ,hpw 'iq c"ei) sqei ziadn :dipy jxc
mizekd z` aiygdl (l"pd inlyexiae e sc oileg ilaaa zx`eand) minkg zxfbn wlg
izek eze` lreta m` mb dtwz ef dxifb .6swz did mxeib oicd xwirny zexnl ,miebk
.`l e` daypy wepiz `ed m` dl`yl xyw ilae ,7llk dxf dcear caer epi`
(l"pd oinegza ixn`na izkx`dy itk) zexewnd jezn izrc zeiprl gken :dpwqnl
ezxitka my` epi`e daypy wepiz `ed m` - dpen`d ixwira ynn xteky icedi mby
.8l`xyin mc` lkk eade`le eaxwl yi
qex dcedi mdxa`
ä ä ä

e`iade ,daypy wepizl qgia m"anxd zwiqt z` exikfd `l llk mipey`xdy xirdl yi 4
i"yx zhiyl cebipa cneynl ziaixa zeeldl xzeny z"x zhiyl reiqk inlyexid z`
o"anxd iyeciga la` ,zvwna zerhdl ieyr o"xd iyeciga mixacd xcq) z`f xqe`d
.o`nvk axd ly `id `iyewd .(mixexa mixacd
azk oke ,zeeldl xzen ixqiway mizekl wxy x`ean a ,`r n"al o"anxd iyeciga 5
ixacy mipexg` cer ehwp oke .daeyzd seqa (et sl`) ai oniq c"g f"acxd z"eya
.l"nk`e .miebk mizekd z` aiygdl dxfbd mcew exn`p inlyexid
mizek jxr zicenlz dictelwivp`a oiire .inlyexid zpada mipexg` dnk ehwp jk 6
.l"nk`e .464 ,455 zexrd
mizekl qgiizn inlyexid ile`e ,ixqiway mizek `weec e`ly xnel jixv df itl 7
.r"ve .dyrnl xacd wqtp myy llba ixqiway
okle ,eil`n oaen xack zqtzp dpi`e ,oeiqip `id 'da dpen`d mb eppnf ly ze`ivna 8
ekpgzd `l m` mb daypy wepiz xcba aygidl miie`x mixtekd lkk aexy c"prl d`xp
gex ly "onfd mxf" lr (glw zxb` di`x zexbi`) l"vf wew axd ixack ,dxitkl zeclin
,220-221 'nr gk jxk oinegza ixn`na hrn dfa izkx`d .xecd z` "qpe`"y dxitkd
.l"nk`e

99  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd

 daebz
j` ,'da oin`dl devnd `id zeevnd xtqa `ian m"anxdy dpey`xd devnd .`
dpey`xd dxrda xld miig x"dn .'d z` rcil devndy azk dxezd iceqi 'ld y`xa
e` 'dpen`' `id m` 'c`wzr`' ziaxra daizd yexita oc ezxecdna zeevnd xtqa
y`xa azk okle' dpey`xd devna cec zcevn xtqa f"acxd oeyl z` `iade ,'drici'
,oin`dl azk `le ,oey`x ievn my yiy rcil zenkgd cenre zeceqid ceqi dxez dpyn
zcde lkyd ik ,zilky di`xe zten jixv dpen`d caln ik ,dricid `id devnd xwir ik
xrya zeaald zeaega iiga epaxe ,zerce zepen`a oe`b dicrq ax zrc oke .'zexe`n ipy
.9cere cegid
.z`fd dpenzd ly ipyd cvd `ed (g-f 'ld b"t daeyz 'ld) dxitkl zepin oia weligd
ribdle mda winrdl epgekay dpen` ixwir mpyi - epa dielzd zerhl dpeekd 'zepin'a
mda drhi e` lvrziy ine ,zn`d l` mda ribdl epilr lhen okle epnvra zn`l mda
`ed zerhd xewn zepink `le dxitkk zxcbend zerha mznerl .10oin `ed ixd e"g
;envra zn`d lr cenrl egeka did `ly ote`a ,zirhen zxeqna e` zxeqn xqega
mixtekd mi`xwd ipa znbeck ,daypy wepize qep` aygp z`fk zerha jpgzdy in
t"rayezd zkxcd it lr zeevnd z` mixneyd micedi xikdy t"r`y ,dt lray dxeza
.11qep` aygp `ed
,` ,g zeixed ,` ,ck zekn) xn`nd z` (b"lt a"g mikeap dxen) m"anxd x`an jke
,dfa mivex ,l"fe .meprny dxeabd itn jl didi `le ikp` (f"i 'fn h"ey 'f b"lt x"eny
d"rxn did `le ,d"r epax dynl eribdy enk mdil` eribd [jl didi `le ikep`=] mdy
l`d ze`ivn l"x ,miyxeyd el` izyy ,dfe .mdil` [el`d zexacd z` xiarn=] mribn
- [zilky dgkeda=] ztena rceeiy dn lke ,iyep`d oeira byei mpn` ,cg` ezeide 'zi
dl`d miyxeyd ipy ercep `le ,oexzi oi` ,deey edrciy in lk htyne ea `iapd htyn
dz` (dl ,c mixac) dxezd dxn` ,[ipeir zten zxfra mb `l`=] cal d`eapd cvn
zkn `l ,zelaewnde zenqxetnd zkn md zexacd x`y mpn` .'ebe zrcl z`xd
.12k"r .'eke zelkyend

xvidy mincew zexecn 'dyexi' ,el`d mixtqa cenll laewn epi` meid zeaiyid mlera 9
axwd dcy z` xiarn xvide `a xece jled xec mpn` .diteqelitd jxc epa mgl rxd
,llk daygna winrpe riwyp `ly jkl mipeekn eivn`n xwir meid ;mixg` zenewnl
iptn `id meid el`d mixtqa micnel oi`y daiqdy d`xp .dpen`d ixwira `ly i`ceeae
epinia daeyzl miaxwnd ilecb n"ne .df cenill zeyxcpd zencwdd epl zexqgy
oexqgl zeyxcpd zenlydd mr wx la` ,el`d daygnd ixtqa zeax miynzyne mixikn
.epini ipa ly zericia
.zecina oexqg ly d`vez `id dpen`a zerh zerce zepen`l dncwda b"qx itl 10
mipind zkxa yexitl zexrda k"yn 'ire .(hq 'rq b xn`n) mi`xwd lr ixfekd k"ke 11
x`a ,l"vf xkilhpxe` iav dilcb x"d p"rl 'wcvde iavd' oexkfd xtqa jxcl dcv xtqn
.cr-`r 'nr ,q"yz ray
lr l`ey `ede ,f"r caerdn mipin oi`xwpd dyingd lk z` cnel `edy e"ltq `"g y"re 12

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  100

itly ,13xfril` iaxc iwxtl exe`iaa ipiptd dirci 'x azky dnl mini`zn mixacd
mpi`y el`k oial dgkedl mda ribdl xyt`y mixwir oia weligl sqep xewn yi eixac
[mik`lnd=] mz` dn mik`lnl d"awd mdl xn`y xne` yxcnd .zxeqn `l`
:dirci 'x jk lr azke .mipezgza cgin
¥ © § [mc`d=] `ed jk mipeilra oiqlwn
oiqlwn mdy dn miltya cgin¥ `edy [mik`lnl mc`d oia=] oeincd mpn`
xkf mle`e .mik`lnd edebiyiy enk myd biydl zleki el yiy `ede ,mipeilra
zlrn xetiq `ed qeliwd ik .cakp izin` yxtd dfe ,'qeliw' mdae 'cegi' mc`a
zbxcn z`fe ,migayd Egwli§ ¨ ¦ mdny eizelrna drici zvw iptn qlewnd
qeliw qlwn epi` mc`d mpn`e .miwel`d l` miybipd micxtpd milkyd
x`yn migewl mix`za `l` - l`d igay zedn zzin`a rcei epi` ik ,izin`
zepeyld aexa ezlcbd hytziy ick ,zn`a l`dn miwgexnd zeienlyd
cec x`ia xak izin` xac ea aiigl zizin`d dlidzd la` .oenddn zeaalde
xyt`y dn seq la` .ixnbl epnn dnlrdl mc` oeyln zzxkpe ,14dinec `idy
`edye ,`vnp `edy biydl `ed ,l`d zxkdl zlkyen zizin` drbd ribdl el
ok m` .cal cegi edfe ,15ztena x`aziy xyt`y dnn df lk ,seb izlae ,cg`
edfe ,mipeilra oiqlwn mik`lndy dn mipezgza cgiin dfa mc`d dpd
.oeincd
wepiz oic yiy mixaeqe m"anxd lr miwlegd mipey`xd lr jenql dvexd mle` .a
hpw 'iq seq c"ei i"ad l"fe .mdly `xnega mb xingdl eilr ,zepina elit` daypy
,mlern l`xyi zxeza xikd `ly inl `l` daypy wepiz oic opiadi `l... :i"np mya
xyt` ,`ed micixend on ,mieb ly mdizewega wacne jlede ,l`xyi oia cnery in la`
mipey`xd aexy d`xpe .k"r .ziaxa ozeeldl xzene mdl yi micneyn oic inp jpdc
n"a o"xd iyecige o"anxd iyecige ,en 'iq a"g hwld ileay mde ,i"npd enk mixaeq
enke) mi`xwd ipal daypy wepiz oic epzi `l el`d zehiyd .l"pd xehde ,a"r `r sc
ux`a `l i`ceea ,f"dfa daypy wepiz didiy mzhiyl jiiy epi` hrnke ,(i"aa rnyny
inl daypy wepiz cnrn zzl ,zg` zaa zehiyd izy lr jenql xyt` i` .l`xyi
`ed m`) mipey`xd x`yl `le (oin `ed m`) m"anxd itl `l daypy wepiz epi`y
ef zeielz zehiyd izyy cer dn .(zeevne dxez ixney micedi xikne 'l`xyi oia cner'
ixry .epx`iay enk c"d d"t f"r inlyexia oixqwc i`zek yexita miwleg mdy ,efa
.o`nk `lc x`yp mdilr jneqd la` ,elrpp `l mivexiz
zrbepd dxitk `id m"anxd itl zepin ly dxcbddy azek qex dcedi mdxa` axd .b
zxnega `ed dxitkl zepin oia weligdy eixacn rnyn .'d ze`ivna dpen`l
qipkn `ed ea ,(226 'nr [`"ryz] `l jxk) oinegza exn`na yxetn k"ke .mi`yepd

,ar 'iq `"g u"ayz 'ir ?dze` d`xy okzid) f"d b"t daeyz 'lda c"a`xd zbydk envr
.d"i` my evexiz itk epikxc lke ,(r"ve
zhiya jled `ed o`k mb (mler zpiga extq seqa k"yn 'ir) n"ka ekxck .bi wxt 13
.ezhiy z` oian `ed ji` mi`ex eixacne ,m"anxd
.h"pt `"g p"ene a ,bl zekxa t"r ,a ,dq mildz 41
.f"d b"t daeyz 'lda oipin oi`xwpd dyingdn jtidl 15

101  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd

iyxey"a dxitk oia h wxt htyn ade`a u"ayxd `iany weligd z` m"anxd zrcl
cbpk c"a`xd zrck rixkn u"ayxd my la` ."dpen`d itirq"a dxitkl "dxezd
.drehl xtek oia wlgl ick c"a`xd zhiy it lr wx miiw my ely weligd lke ,m"anxd
oia `nbecl) "dpen`d itirq"a dxitkl "dxezd iyxey"a dxitk oia epi` weligd
in oia `l` ,my qex axd ixack (dxezd iweqt yexita drehl zeieyx izya oin`nd
lr welgy in oial ,dxezd zrc edfy rcei ezeid mr dxezd eze` dllky dna xteky
jiiy epi` df lk n"ne .my u"ayxd ixack ,ea oin`dl ie`xd `edy eilr mkqedy dn
lheny ,epnvrn zrcl mileki epgp`y dn oia wlgn m"anxd - epi`xy itk .ocic oecipl
df itl ;eil` ribdl ick zxeqn jixvy dn oial ,ezrici zilkzl ribdle winrdl epilr
oin mda xtekdy mixwir yiy - mnvr mixwir b"ia enke ,zerhd xnega weligd oi`
.'mzq' xtek mda xtekdy yie
sc zaya yxetn ixd ,f"ra daypy wepiz oic oi`y m"anxd lr l`ey qex axd .c
dny oaxw zbbyy fapen zhiy la` ;my fapenc `ziixal ezpeek dxe`kl .jetidl gq
f"ra cifnd elit` ixdy ,daypy wepiz aygidl leki f"ra bbeyd ezhiy itl k"` ,dbby
.daypy wepizk epice z`hg aiigy zxeqna laiw `ly zelvpzd el yi oaxwa bby m`
laiw `ly iptn zelvpzd el oi` f"ra bby m` ,dbby dny `l oaxw zbbyy dkldl la`
.daypy wepizk epi` ok m`e ,envrn xikdle winrdl el did ixdy ,oiipra zxeqn
xicbdy dna "zepglqa" mi`xwd ipal qgiizn m"anxdy my azk qex axd .d
xne`d lk (` ,p w"a) l"fg exn` xak j` .b"d b"t mixnn 'lda daypy wepizk mze`
mdl qgiizn m"anxdy aeygl xyt` ji`e .eiig exzeei `ed oxze `ed jexa yecwd
axd 'cdna gztn 'ire) mbxedl mixdnn oi`y my mdilr eixac seqyk zepglqa
Îzekix`a weligdy zpzepd `ide .s`Îzekix` `l` zepglq o`k oi` .(l"nk`e ,lwpxt
xyw ila ,epyxity enke ,eavnl mc`d zeixg`a ielz mipeyd mixtekd oia s`d
.zerhd zxnegl
rbpy oiiy izlaiw iizeaxn la` ;xzen daypy wepiz ea rbpy oiiy xaeq qex axd .e
'gny xe`' zaiyi y`xy izrny .xeq` ,daypy wepiz elit`e ,`iqdxta zay llgn ea
l"vf oiihypiit dyn x"dn z`n dkld wqt ziyi` laiw `"hily japie lcpn x"dn
envr lr lawne zayl gx`znd daypy wepiza lwdl yiy dpy ynge miyely iptl
.zay llgl k"g` xefgi mzqd ony t"r`e ,zayd jyna zeyrl el exeiy dn dyriy
`iqdxta zay illgn mzq llkn eze` d`iven z`fd dlawdy iptn enrh dxe`kl
.(e"hd l"t zay 'ld) mdixac lkl miebk mdy
,xeqi` mey mpiia oi` mi`xwd (hnz 'iq e`la 'cdn) daeyza azek m"anxd la`
mifixb xda dpei zenc mdl e`vny cr l`xyil xzid zwfga did mizekd oiiy enke
elit` ezpeeky rnyne ;(my zay 'ldak mdixac lkl miebke f"r icaerk md f`ne)
`l` zay millgn mpi`y iptn enrh dxe`kl .daypy wepizk oic mdl oi`y mi`xwl
.oiirl yie .dpnn iwet`l e`a o`k d"c ` ,hq oiaexir 'qezy dhiyke ,opaxcn
jke ,'daypy wepiz' xcba md m` `l` miwegx axwl miqpn oi`y oreh qex axd .f
,(` ,fi f"r) 'oeaeyi `l di`a lk' opixn` zepin iabl .b-` 'ld b"t mixnn 'lda rnyn
xfpevn ,a ,fi dlibn) mei lk minrt yely mpeilkl milltzn mipind zkxaa oke
zercd lkl mipink mze` mixicbn epiidy miyp` ze`ex epipir j` ,(meid ly miqetca

203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd  102

mvr iabl .16mzxcbda miwcev epiidy llk gxken df oi` mle` .daeyza mixfeg
'ldl d"d a"t f"r 'ld oia dxizqd zngn m"anxl milkd i`yep del`y xak - dl`yd
n"gl ,my daeyz 'ld dpyn sqk ,cqx 'iq e`la 'cdn m"anxd z"ey :b"t seq daeyz
.y"iir ,f"r 'ld lwpxt axd 'cdna mihewild xtqae ,my f"r 'ld
o`nvk diaeh
renyl xyt` .mzxcbda epl yiy oexeeirl `nbeck ynyl leki `iad qex axdy xwqd 16
a"it mikln 'ld) azek m"anxd la` .dle`bd zaxwzny aeygle 'da mipin`n 80%Îy
l"x) mdd mixacd eidi ji` rceei `ly (mixheye mihtey yexc seq o"xd zeyxc t"r a"d
one mixtekd on ,xwql miperd oiay xazqn .eidiy cr (dcizrd dle`bd zeaxwzd ipniq
miig sqei x"dn xaic mrty izrny .miizecli dpen`a mdibyeny el`k yi ,mipin`nd
`ed ixd ,enr xacn `ed dnl eze` l`y xtekd dgiyd jyna .cg` xtek mr r"if cltppef
xtek xtekdy ziwel`d dpenzdy l"x ,xtek ip` mb xtek dz`y dna ,axd el dpr .xtek
zn`ae .zizin` xzei dpenzl ribne ezpad z` winrn `edy `l` ,da xtek axd mb da
zihxt dgbyd miyibxn mrtl mrtne ,mii`lir mikxr miniiwy micen mixtek daxd
...mzxitka zexitk ipin lk zecaerk milawne ,mdiiga

ä ä ä

yneg ly dycgd dxecdnd zqtcd oiipra

'xac wnrd'
a"ryz fenz g"i ,c"qa
e"id ipeyxb dixny axd ceak
`ll ,d`p ghy zcear dziid ef .*oexg`d 'oirnd' zr azka eceak xn`n z` ipe`xd
`ly rney did ile` zewc izy za oetlh zgiya :dphw zg` zeplyx j` ,zeplyx
`"rif a"ivpdy rney did ile` ,n"cdl `vnpy wzt lr xetiqdy ,dyrnd lkl oin`dl
wxta [my] k"enke ,[g ,bl mixac lr eyexita] owgenl el` zexey lr ew xiard envra
."`ed zerhe ,wiqtnd meyn `ed zn`a" :oeyld dfa i"zka siqed mb mye ,'b weqt 'f
epl ozpy "d`ngnd" lr dxrd onxtew ikcxn axd laiw (d"qyz oeyg) ezrya
did ziy`xa xtq epzxecdn ly oexg` cenra oiirn did eli`y ,ezxecdn zgizta
eprxb `le eptqed `l ik ,xac wnrd yecwd xtqd zkixra eply ycewd zcear z` oian
qitcdl oikd xy` itk l"vf xagnd oeyln zg` ze`a elit` xac mey epipiy `le
weqit hrn caln] ote` meya miixbeq e` dybcd mey zeaxl mbe ,dipy dxecdna
.z`f hinyd dipy d`veda izrnyy itk .[oiiprd jxevl
.epici zgzn leykn `vi `ly z"iydl dlitza miiq`e

`xity aec
e"z milyexi w"dira oi'f`lee zaiyia ayei
xac wnrd ly dycgd d`vedd ikxern

50 'nr [c ,ap ;a"ryz fenz] 202 'lb 'oirnd' ."'jiciqg' yexit lre 'xac wnrd' zaizk lr" *
.jli`e

103  203 oeilb ß [` ,bp] b"ryz ixyz ,oirnd