GEN CHEM 2-5

PLASMA- gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons

MATTERS EXIST UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS:
BOSE- EINSTEIN condensates
NEUTRON-DEGENERATE matter
QUARK-GLUON plasma

MATTER IN THE SOLID STATE MAINTAINS A FIXED VOLUME AND SHAPE WITH COMPONENT PARTICLES
(ATOMS, MOLECULES OR IONS). MATTER IN THE LIQUID STATE FIXED VOLUME, BUT HAS VARIABLE SHAPE
MATTER IN THE GASEOUS STATE HAS BOTH VARIABLE VOLUME AND SHAPE. MATTER IN THE PLASMA HAS
VARIABLE VOLUME AND SHAPE, BUT AS WELL AS NEUTRAL ATOMS.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

-properties that can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance.
-can be observed without changing its composition
GOLD – shinny yellow metal
LEAD- high density
Observations of these characteristics do not change the composition.
-categorized as either intensive or extensive

CHEMICAL PROPERTY
-observed when matter undergoes a transformation that results in change of composition.
-observed when a substance changes composition
-used to describe chemical properties are ‘’reactive’’, ‘’inert’’, ‘’unstable’’, and ‘’combustile.’’
Ex. IRON WILL RUST IN A MOIST AIR TO FORM A COMPOUND CALLED ‘’IRON OXIDE’’
GASONLINE WILL BURN IN AIR TO FORM A PRODUCTS WHICH ARE VERY DIFF. TO ORIGINAL MATERIAL.

INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
-properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present.
EX. Color Odor, Taste, Luster, Malleability, Ductility, Conductivity, Hardness, Boiling point, Density.

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
-properties that do depend on the amount of matter present.
Ex. Weight, Volume, Length, Width, Mass, Surface area.

ACID
-yield hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
BASE
-yield hydrogen ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
COLLOID
-dispersion of particles
COMPOUND
-composed of 2 atoms or more elements chemically
ELEMENTS
-cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
-mixture remain physically separated and can be seen as separate components
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
-composition of mixture
*is the same throughout the solution
INORGANIC COMPOUND
-other than organic compound
MATTER
-occupies space and has mass
METAL
-have tendency to form a positive ions in ionic compound
METALLIOD
-properties intermediate between those metals and non- metals
MIXTURE
-combination of 2 or more substance
NON-METAL
-poor conducts of heat and electricity
ORGANIC COMPOUND
-combination of elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
OXIDES
-contains at least one oxygen atom
SALTS
-product of reaction between acid and a base
SOLUTION
-homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
SUBSTANCES
-matter that has definite or constant composition
SUSPENSION
-relatively large particles, it is bigger than solution and colloid.

ACCURACY
-closeness of a measured value to a standard value
PRECISION
-closeness of 2 or more measurement to each other