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საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის ისტორია-I PDF
საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის ისტორია-I PDF
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saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 1
mitropoliti
anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria
gamomcemloba `alilo~
Tbilisi 2009
2 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
meore gamocema
winasityvaoba
saqarTveloSi bolos da bolos dadga dro, roca qarTul eklesias
SedarebiT Tavisufali moRvaweobis saSualeba mieca. amave dros arnaxu-
lad gaizarda sazogadoebis interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi.
magram sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi eklesiis sasargeblod momxdar aseT
gardatexas qarTuli sabWoTa istoriografia maincdamainc momzadebuli
ver Sexvda, ara gvaqvs qarTuli eklesiis ganmazogadebeli istoria. mraval-
saukunovani qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT dainteresebuli mkiTxveli axal,
Tanamedrove mecnierebis doneze Sesrulebul gamokvlevas ver waikiTxavs.
qarTul istoriografiaSi aseTi CamorCenilobis mizezi, ZiriTadad, 1921
wlidan saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTarebaa. garda imisa, rom 1921 wlis
Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas sabWoTa xelisuflebis saTana-
do politika maincdamainc ar axalisebda (aseT pirobebSic ki iv. javaxiS-
vilma, k. kekeliZem, b. lomaniZem, z. aleqsiZem da sxvebma mniSvnelovani
wvlili Seitanes qarTuli eklesiis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebis saqme-
Si), am mxriv arc revoluciamdel qarTul istoriografiaSi iyo kargad
saqme. da ai, ratom: qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli monogra-
fia cnobilma istorikosma p. ioselianma 1845 wels gamoaqveyna, xolo 1877
wels gamocemul g. sabininis gamokvlevaSi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb Txroba
mxolod VI s-is bolomdea moyvanili. 1886 wels TbilisSi gamovida mose
janaSvilis ,,saqarTvelos saeklesio istoria~.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavla gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda
ruseTis 1904-1905 wlebis revoluciis Semdeg, roca qarTvelma sazogadoe-
bam ruseTis saimperatoro karisa da wmida sinodis winaSe kategoriulad
dasva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi. am dros ramodenime saga-
zeTo da saJurnalo werilis (am mxriv gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos s.
gorgaZis werilebi) garda Seiqmna T. Jordanias, k. cincaZis, n. durnovis, m.
kelenjeriZis, n. maris monografiebi, romlebSic ZiriTadad qarTuli ek-
lesiis avtikefaliis aRdgenis kanoniereba iyo dasabuTebuli.
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna im xanad marcxiT
damTavrda. isev daiwyo ganmazogadebeli naSromebis Seqmna. XIX s-Si qarTuli
eklesiis sakiTxebi ganixila Tavis monografiaSi episkoposma (Semdgom
kaTalikos-patriarqma) kirionma. 1910 wels romSi frangul enaze gamoica
m. TamaraSvilis ganmazogadebeli monografia, 1918 wels quTaisSi - ev.
nikolaZis gamokvleva ,,saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~. amis Semdeg, qarTu-
li eklesiis istoriis kvleva, albaT axal safexurze avidoda, magram
saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisufleba damyarda da kvlevac Seferxda.
ase rom, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb mxolod revoluciamde
Seqmnili monografiebi gvaqvs, Tanac isini dReisaTvis bibliografiul iS-
viaTobas warmoadgens, ris gamoc qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT daintere-
6 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
sebuli farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi araa. dasaxele-
buli naSromebidan mxolod p. ioselianis, m. janaSvilis, m. TamaraSvilisa
da ev. nikolaZis monografiebSi aris qarTuli eklesiis istoriis ganmazo-
gadebeli Txroba. aq Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom p. ioselianis monografia
garda imisa, rom rusul enazea da Zalze moZvelebulia, xolo m. TamaraS-
vilisa - frangul enaze, gamodis, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb qarTulad
mxolod ori wigni gvaqvs. da isinic siZvelisa da sqematurobis gamo
sruliad ar Seesabamebian mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis moTxovnebs.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan, vfiqrob, kargad Cans, raoden savalalo mdgo-
mareobaSia dReisTvis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqme. amitom
misasalmebelia, rom am didi laqis Sevseba, ukanasknel xanebSi saistorio
wyaroebSi axlad gamovlenili masalebisa da Tanamedrove qarTuli isto-
riografiis miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, isev sasuliero pirma - mitro-
politma anania jafariZem iTava.
mitropolit ananias uzarmazari gamokvleva mravalwliani Tavdauzogavi
kvlevis nayofia. igi didi siyvaruliT da rudunebiT aris Sesrulebuli.
SeiZleba, gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb
aseTi yovlismomcveli gamokvleva revoluciamdel saqarTveloSic ki ar
Seqmnila.
qarTuli eklesiis istoria, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
istoriis nawilia da am grandiozul naSromSic qarTuli eklesiis isto-
ria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro kavSirSi da mis fonzea gadmocemu-
li. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis erT-erT did Rirsebad unda
CaiTvalos.
farnavazis xanidan (Zv.w. III s.) mokidebuli XVIII s-is CaTvliT, ar darCe-
nila rogorc saqarTvelos istoriis, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac a. jafariZes
Tavisi Tvalsazrisi ar hqonodes gamoTqmuli. yovelive es avtoris farTo
ganaTlebaze miuTiTebs.
misasalmebelia, rom sasuliero saqmeebiT dakavebuli piri wlebis man-
Zilze Tvals adevnebda qarTul (da ara marto qarTul) istoriografiaSi
Seqmnil yvela im werils da monografias, romelic mas gamokvlevaSi ganx-
iluli calkeuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas gamoadgeboda. aRniSnulis gamoa,
rom mis monografiaSi axali samecniero literatura saTanado sisruli-
Taa asaxuli. avtori axerxebs ara marto srulyofilad gadmosces qarTu-
li eklesiis itoria, aramed qarTuli eklesiisTvis dRes metad aqtualuri
problema axleburad dasvas. bevri sakamaTo sakiTxi monografiaSi axali
masaliTaa gamyarebuli da saTanado daskvnebicaa miRebuli.
naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos mociqulTa droindeli
saqarTvelos vrceli da detaluri istoriis gadmocema, rasac aqamde sa-
Tanado yuradReba ar eqceoda. I-II ss-Si saqarTvelos teritoriaze mo-
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 7
ciqulTa mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masa-
la, mas Semdeg, rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis
qarTlSi Semosvla uaryo ( im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma
avrelio parmierim ar gaiziara), specialurad aRaravis ukvlevia. ax.w.aR-is
I-II ss-is saqarTvelos istoriisTvis es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyura-
dRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos
istoriisa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris
Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki, saTanado gaanalizebis Semdeg,
qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnes Cayenebuli. swored am mxriv
miudga avtori saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis sakiTxs.
rogorc monografiidan Cans, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mosvlis Sesaxeb
(garda imisa, rom dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs Zveli qarTuli werilobiTi saist-
orio tradicia), mogviTxroben Zveli berZeni da laTini avtorebi. amitom,
misasalmeblia, rom sarecenzio monografiaSi es sakiTxi farTod da
amomwuravadaa warmodgenili, detaluradaa gaanalizebuli saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali. dama-
jerebladaa naCvenebi, rom Zvel avtorTa mier dasaxelebuli skviTeTi,
sadac andria pirvelwodebulma qristianuli rwmena iqadaga, amave avtorTa
(mag. dionise periegiti) cnobebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos teritoriad
unda CaiTvalos.
rogorc motanili masalidan dasturdeba, andria pirvelwodebulis gar-
da saqarTveloSi ramdenime mociquls uqadagia, romelTagan simon kananeli
anakofiaSi gardaicvala da iq arsebuli misi saflavi avtoris mier sa-
marTlianadaa miCneuli saqarTveloSi mociqulTa yofnis erT-erT damadas-
turebel faqtad. avtoris daskvniT, andria pirvelwodebulma ax.w.aR-is I s-
Si ara marto gaaqristiana qarTvelTa erTi nawili, aramed awyurSi pirve-
li saepiskoposo eklesiac daaarsa. damajerebelia Zvel qarTul saisto-
rio wyaroebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gamoTqmuli mosazreba, andria pirvel-
wodebulis qarTlSi pirvelad ax.w.aR-is 30-35 wels, mefe aderkis zeobis
dros Semosvlis Sesaxeb. naSromSi aseve saTanadodaa dasabuTebuli
saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulTa (mataTa da sxva) yofna da maT mier axali
rwmenis qadageba. ra Tqma unda, rogorc avtoric miuTiTebs, ax.w.aR-is I-II ss-
is qarTlis samefos siZlieresa da mis saerTaSoriso avtoritets Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin mociqulebi saqarTvelos marTlac ver auvlidnen
gverds.
saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT
avtori miznad isaxavs ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mo-
ciqulTa mier (ax.w.) I-II ss-ebis saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva episkopos
ananias safuZvels aZlevs, mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia
avtokefalurad miiCnios. naSromSi damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli im droi-
saTvis iseTi gziT warmoqmnili yvela avtokefaluri eklesiis Tanas-
8 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
woruflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT mosazrebas avtori
cnobili bizantieli kanonistis, T. balsamonis (XII s.) cnobiT adasturebs.
naSromSi sainteresodaa gadmocemuli qarTuli saxelmwifos, qarTveli
erisa da qarTuli enis Camoyalibebis procesi. naCvenebia, rom qarTvelebiT
gansaxlebuli teritoriis sazRvrebi im uZveles droSi qarTuli eklesiis
samwysos emTxveoda. qarTvel mecnier-istorikosTa naSromebze dayrdnobiT
avtori im daskvnamde midis, rom farnavazis droidan mokidebuli qarTli
da egrisi erTiani qarTuli qveyana - `yoveli saqarTvelo~ iyo, ris gamoc
mas ganmanaTlebelic erTi hyavda. aseTi mosazrebis erT-erT damadas-
turebel sabuTad motanilia qarTlis cxovrebis is cnoba, romlis Tanax-
mad qarTlis ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom `naTeli sca yovelTa iverTa~.
rogorc cnobilia, aseTi Sexeduleba adre n. marma gamoTqva da maris
mosazreba saTanadod miTiTebulia kidec monografiaSi.
naSromSi didi adgili aqvs daTmobili imis mtkicebas, rom dasavleT
saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria aseve iberiad (qarTlad) iwodeboda. es
sakiTxi jer kidev akad. s. yauxCiSvilma gaarkvia, magram misgan gansxvave-
biT mitropoliti anania zogjer iberiis teritoriad mTel dasavleT
saqarTvelos gulisxmobs da askvnis rom, radgan am erTian qarTul teri-
toriaze erTiani qarTveli xalxi cxovrobda, erTiani SegnebiT, erTiani
kulturiT, mTel am teritoriaze IV s-dan wirva-locva qarTul enaze iyo.
IV-V ss-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis amsaxvel qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi
(`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovreba~), radgan qarTuli
eklesiis meTaurad TiTo piria dasaxlebuli, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
iseTi cnobili mkvlevari, rogorc akad. k. kekeliZe iyo, im daskvnamde
mivida, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde (k. kekeliZe avtokefaliis mopovebas
468-472 ww. gansazRvravda) qarTlis samefo erT saepiskoposos warmoadgen-
da. k. kekliZis mosazrebas iziareben b. lomaniZe da a. bogveraZe. marTalia,
k. kekeliZis mosazreba Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi gabatonebu-
li araa, magram mainc misasalmebelia, rom qarTuli eklesiisTvis aseT
prestiJul sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. misi daskvniT,
qristianobis Semosvlidan da gamarjvebidan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi
ramdeni saerisTaoc iyo, imdeni saepiskoposo unda yofiliyo. aseTi mtkice-
bis erT-erT damadasturebel sabuTad monografiaSi samarTlianadaa miC-
neuli `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-Si qarTlis eklesiis meTauris mTavarepisko-
posis tituliT moxsenieba da vaxtang gorgaslisdroindel qarTlSi episko-
posTa arseboba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi mecnierTa araerTma Taobam
imuSava, vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebis~ avtoris juanSeris gamoTqmiT, rom
qarTvelebma `keTilad ver i pyres wesi ioanes mcnebisa~, aravin daintere-
sebula. mitropolitma ananiam miaqcia yuradReba da azri gamoTqva, rom
juanSeris sityvaSi, am SemTxvevaSi ioane naTlismcemeli an ioane mociqu-
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 9
li ki ar igulisxmeba, aramed qarTlis eklesiis pirveli meTauri ioane.
iqve daasabuTa, radgan ioane episkoposis mier saqarTveloSi Semotanili
nikeis rwmenisaTvis qarTlis eklesias SemdgomSi aRar uRalatia, maSin,
roca TviT romis imperiaSi mravali mwvalebloba warmoiSva, juanSeris
gamoTqmaSi ioane episkoposis mier qarTlSi danergili rwmenisadmi erT-
guleba igulisxmeba da qarTuli wyaro zustad asaxavs im saeklesio poli-
tikas, romelic 451 wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi
arsebobda. vfiqrob, juanSeris gamoTqmis aseTi interpretacia V s-is vi-
Tarebis gaTvaliswinebiT swori Cans da siaxlea rogorc qarTuli eklesi-
is istoriisaTvis, ise TviT juanSeris cnobaTa gagebis saqmeSi.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas mkvlevari, ra Tqma unda,
gverds ver auvlis vaxtang gorgasalsa da miqael episkoposs Soris momx-
dar konfliqts. am sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. da
iqve saintereso mosazreba gamoTqva _ Tu ratom dawyevla miqaelma vax-
tangis spa. avtoris Tanaxmad, vaxtangi samefo laSqarze dayrdnobiT ebrZoda
simdidriT aRzevebul miqaels da am ukasasknelma amitom dauwyevla spa.
konfliqtis mizezTa kvlevisas am detalisTvis yuradReba aravis miuqce-
via. vfiqrob, miRebuli daskvna sayuradReboa.
rogorc iTqva, saTanado wyaroebis monacemebsa da samecniero liter-
aturaSi (i. troicki) gamoTqmul mosazrebze dayrdnobiT, mociqulTa dros
saqarTveloSi Seqmnili qristianuli Temebi (aqedan gamomdinare, eklesia)
monografiaSi avtokefalurad aris miCneuli. avtori Tvlis, rom qarTlis
taxtze vaxtangis asvlisas (V s-is 40-iani w.) saqarTvelos eklesia av-
tokefaluri iyo, Tumca imperiis eklesiasTan urTierToba hqonda. aRniS-
nulidan gamomdinare, ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebul mo-
sazrebas avtkefaliis mopovebamde antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli
eklesiis morCilebis Sesaxeb. im xanad antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bi-
zantiis eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonobda, avtori Tvlis,
rom iranis xelisufleba ar dauSvebda qarTuli eklesia ierarqiul damok-
idebulebaSi yofiliyo misi mowinaaRmdege imperiis eklesiisadmi.
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi am kuTxiT ar dasmula, amitom
gamoTqmuli mosazreba sayuradReboa. rogorc mitropoliti anania miu-
TiTebs, marTalia, 381 wels meore msoflio saeklesio krebis Semdeg Zli-
erma eklesiebma daiwyes susti eklesiebis damorCileba (konstantinepolis
eklesiam am dros gaauqma pontos da asiis avtokefaliebi) da antioqiis
eklesiis mier qarTul eklesiaze pretenziis gancxadeba mas aRniSnuli
movlenis gamoxatulebad miaCnia. magram antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli
eklesiis ierarqiuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, radgan Zveli qarTuli
wyaroebic miuTiTeben, unda dasabuTdes qarTul wyaroTa cnobebis arar-
ealuroba, an maTi ucxoenovani wyaroebidan warmomavloba.
sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelSic micemulia iranis meSveobiT
qarTul eklesiaze somxuri eklesiis zemdgomobis damyarebis cda. rogorc
10 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
iTqva, qarTuli eklesia V s-Si ukve avtokefaluri iyo, magram VI s-dan
iranis zewoliT Seiqmna qarTul-somxur eklesiaTa erToba. qalkedonituri
mrwamsis qarTlis samefoSi monofizitoba momZlavrda. swored iranis Za-
lis saSualebiT somxeTis eklesiam SeZlo Zveli albaneTis eklesiis damor-
Cileba da RvTismsaxurebis enad somxuris damkvidreba. somxurma eklesiam
garkveul warmatebas saqarTveloSic miaRwia. magram mitropolit ananias
mosazrebis Tanaxmad, VI s-is Sua xanebSi qarTlSi Semosulma sirielma
mamebma garkveulwilad gaamyares qalkedonitebis poziciebi.
qarTul istoriografiaSi dRemdea kamaTi, Tu ra rwmenisa unda yofil-
iyvnen sirieli mamebi. mitropolit ananias dasabuTebuli msjelobidan
gamomdinare, isini marTlac SeiZleba, qalkedonitebi yofiliyvnen.
avtori fiqrobs, rom VII s-dan qarTulma eklesiam sabolood gawyvita
kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan da Tavisi aseTi statusi 681 wels I saekle-
sio krebis gadawyvetilebebiT dadasaturda.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic saqarTvelos
samefos ganapira mxareebis _ hereTis, qvemo qarTlisa da tao-klarjeTis
mosaxleobis religiur rwmenasa da maTi ,,gaqarTvelebis~ sakiTxs exeba.
monografiaSi naCvenebia monofizituri somxeTis gavlenaSi moqceuli am
mxareebis qalkedonitobaze moqceva - ,,gaqarTveleba~. Tumca, isini eTni-
kurad manamdec qarTvelebi iyvnen, somxuri ena am Zveli qarTuli terito-
riebis mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliuri ki ara, saeklesio iyo. rogorc avtori
miuTiTebs, swored aRniSnuliT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli erovnebi-
sadmi kuTvnilebis gamo, Cvens eklesiaSi erovnul-kulturuli eklesiis
damkvidrebisaTvis mebrZol kirions monofizitebic edgnen mxarSi.
Tavis droze n. maris mier gamoTqmuli antimecnieruli mosazreba, TiTqos
VIII-IX saukuneebamde tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba araqarTuli iyo da am
mxareebis qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi somxuri Zeglebis nangrevebze aSen-
da, k. kekeliZem da i. abulaZem gaiziares. marTalia, n. maris Teoriis
kritika jer kidev p. ingoroyvam mogvca, magram winamdebare naSromSi, radgan
saqarTvelos ganapira mxareebis mosaxleobis mrwamszec aris saubari, mit-
ropoliti anania am sakiTxsac Seexo. aCvena n. maris mosazrebis usafuZvloba,
- ra mavne Sedegebi gamoiRo n. maris Teoriam, rogor gamoiyenes igi. n.
tokarskim, a. iakobsonma, v. mixakovma da sxvebma tao-klarjeTis Zveli qarTu-
li arqiteqturis Zeglebis araqarTulad gamosacxadeblad.
jer kidev naSromis dasawyisSi aris gamoTqmuli survili, aRdges qarTuli
eklesiis Zveli saxelwodeba da mas ,,saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~
ewodos. naSromis meore tomSi mosazrebis dasadastureblad didZali da
saintereso masalaa motanili. naCvenebia, Tu ratomaa somxuri da albanuri
eklesiebis msgavsad qarTuli eklesiac samociqulo, saqarTvelos eklesiis
mamamTavrebi mociqulTa taxtze rom sxedan. aqve naCvenebia, rom ,,wmida
kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~, an mcxeTis samociqulo ek-
lesia ewodeboda.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 11
vfiqrob, naSromSi sakmao damajereblobiTaa dasabuTebuli, rom mironi
saqarTveloSi qalkedonis meoTxe saeklesio krebis (451 w.) dadgenilebis
safuZvelze ikurTxeboda. berZnulenovani sabuTebi qarTuli realobis saw-
inaaRmdegod rom metyveleben, avtori amas samarTlianad xsnis ucxoelTa
batonobisagan gaRaribebuli antioqiisa da konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebis
finansuri mdgomareobis gauaresebiT. maT Zvel sabuTebSi Sesworebani Se-
hqondaT, raTa sxva eklesiebi eiZulebinaT maTTvis Sesawiri miecaT.
saintereso masalaa motanili mironis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb. naCvenebia,
rom igi VI s-Si unda SeedginaT, xolo VI msoflio saeklesio krebas (681
w.) daedasturebina. uaryofilia b. lominaZis mosazreba, TiTqos mironis
kurTxeva saqarTveloSi IX s-Si dawesda.
misaRebi Cans, giorgi merCules Txzulebis teqstis im adgilis, romelSic
saqarTveloSi mironis kurTxevis dawesebazea saubari, qaragma ,,a-s~ gaxsna
afxazeTad (da ara aRmosavleTad, rogorc es dResaa miRebuli). qaragmis
aseTi gaxsnis Semdeg naTeli xdeba afxazeTis eklesiaSi ratom daiwyes
ierusalimidan motanili mironis magier mcxeTaSi nakurTxi mironis gamoy-
eneba. ierusalimidan mironis motana, rogorc monografiaSia aRniSnuli, im
xanad marTlac konstantinepolSi mimdinare brZolebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
naSromSi sworadaa miTiTebuli, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba
damoukidebeli afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnis Sedegi iyo. iqve saTanado
masalis motaniT, naCvenebia afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, erTian qarTul ekle-
siaSi rom Sedioda. XI saukunis saqarTvelos istoriis gadmocemisas monogra-
fiaSi kargadaa naCvenebi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris politikuri
viTarebis garTuleba rogor moqmedebda am qveynebis saeklesio urTierTo-
baze. rogor da ra pirobebSi miiRo saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurma kaTa-
likos-patriarqis wodeba. aqve sainteresodaa gaanalizebuli XI saukunis
saqarTveloSi Seqmnili is viTareba, romelmac ganapiroba adre somxeTTan
eklesiuri siaxlovis dros Seqmnili saeklesio literaturis xelaxali
redaqtireba, amjerad ukve berZnulTan dasaaxloeblad. giorgi da eqvTime
mTawmidelebis, efrem mcires roli am saqmeSi. rogorc mitropoliti anania
miuTiTebs, dasaxelebulma moRvaweebma, rogorc zogi mkvlevari fiqrobs,
xelaxla ki ar Targmnes sasuliero literatura berZnulidan, aramed
ukve Targmnils udarebdnen berZnuls, raTa maTSi somxur eklesiasTan
siaxlovis kvali aRmoefxvraT. amiT qarTvelma moRvaweebma berZnebs mous-
pes sababi saqarTvelos eklesia mwvaleblur eklesiad gamoecxadebinaT da
udidesi roli Seasrules qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebuli av-
tokefaliisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRorZinebis saqmeSi.
saqrTvelos sapatriarqos sazRvrebis ganxilvisas naCvenebia, rom Crdilo-
aRmosavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari xersonisTan mdebare kafamde aRwev-
da. aqve miTiTebulia qarTuli eklesiis samxreTi da aRmosavleTi sazRvrebi.
sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic msoflio di ptixSi saqarTve-
los eklesiis sakiTxs Seexeba. saTanado masalaa motanili imis saCvene-
12 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
blad, rom saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde (1054 w.) saqarTvelos eklesias
ierusalimis eklesiis Semdeg VI adgili eWira. avtori aqve asabuTebs, rom
di ptixSi es adgili 1054 wlis wina droindeli sabuTebidan momdinare
Cans. msoflio di ptixSi qarTul eklesias marTlac VI adgili rom ekava,
naSromSi amis damadasturebel sabuTad motanilia 1438 wlis ferara-
florenciis saeklesio krebaze saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgelis VI
adgilze jdoma. am mxriv, motanili masala, vfiqrob, imdenad saintereso da
damajerebelia, rom naSromis es nawili ucxo enaze unda gamoqveyndes.
saTnado dokumenturi masalaa motanili qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani di p-
tixis _ episkoposTa sxdomis saCveneblad.
naSromis bolos gaanalizebulia XVIII saukunis saqarTveloSi Seqmnili
religiuri viTareba, roca araerTi qarTveli iZulebuli Seiqmna ,,somxur
sarwmunoebaze~ (grigorianeloba) gadasuliyo. naCvenebia anton kaTaliko-
sis didi roli qarTvelobis dacvisaTvis brZolaSi. uxvi masalaa motani-
li imis saCveneblad, rom grigorianobaze gadasuli qarTvelebi Tavis
erovnebad qarTvelobas asaxelebdnen.
sabolood unda davZino: mitropolit ananias naSromSi imdeni sain-
tereso sakiTxia dasmuli da gaanalizebuli, rom yvela maTganis recenzia-
Si Sefaseba SeuZlebelia (ra Tqma unda, amas upirveles yovlisa naSromis
didi moculoba da masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis simravle arTulebs). Cvens
winaSea metad saintereso, titanuri Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ,,saqarTve-
los samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis Tvramet-
saukunovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba sakamaTodac mogveCvenos,
magram es romelime konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb an qarTul istoriogra-
fiaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT aris gamowveuli, an sakiTxis
garSemo arsebuli saistorio wyaroTa simciriT. saerTod ganxiluli naS-
romis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoeba, rom mitro-
polit ananias wigniT qarTuli eklesiis monografiuli Seswavlis saqmeSi
mxolod pirveli nabiji idgmeba.
yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, umniSvnelo tiraJiT gamocemuli saqarTve-
los samociqulo eklesiis istoriis (axalcixe, rabaTi, 1983-88 ww.) xelmeo-
red gamoqveyneba sasurvel da gadaudebel saqmed mimaCnia, rac myar safuZ-
vels Seuqmnis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Semdgom kvlevas.
vaxtang goilaZe
1996 weli
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 13
saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria
Tavi I
qarTvelTa winaprebis
bibliuri istoria
adamidan iesomde
16 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
samyaros Seqmna
WeSmaritebisa da sicocxlis gzaze Tanaxmad `qarTlis cxovrebisa~,
qarTvelTa pirvelwinaprebs win waruZRva sityva RmrTisa, TviT RmerTi
macxovari Cveni ieso qriste:
ori aTasi wlis win, amaRlebis Semdgom, yovladwmida RvTismSobels eCve-
na ufali da qarTveli eris momavali cxovrebis Sesaxeb amcno:
`hoi dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufrois yovelTa
naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTvis~ (q.c. I, gv. 38), rac Tanamedrove qarTu-
liT ase gamoiTqmis _ `hoi, dedao Cemo, me ar ugulebelvyof xalxTa Soris
didebul qarTvels ers, maTTvis Seni meoxebiT~. yovladwmida dedam mis
wilxvedr saqarTveloSi, misi Zisa da Cveni macxovris ieso qristes davalebiT,
gamoagzavna mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac daafuZna saqarTve-
los samociqulo eklesia.
da, ai, ori aTasi welia Cveni mama-papani erTgulad msaxureben RmerTs _
`romelman qmna cani gulisxmisyofiT, rameTu ukunisamdea wyaloba misi~
(fs. 135,5), `romelman qmna cani da qveyana, zRva da yoveli rai ars mas Sina~
(fs. 145,6), `romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa mis mieriTa, zegardmo arsni
suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa~ (rusTv.), `romelman gardasul TaobebSi neba
uboZa yvela xalxs, evloT TavianTi gziT~ (saqme, 14,16).
igi isaa, romelic ar ugulebelyofs mis gzaze myof Cvens ers, rameTu mis
mier Seiqmna yoveli xalxi da eri _ `yovelive mis mier Seiqmna da Tvinier
misa arca erTi ra iqmna, raodeni ra iqmna~ (ioan. 1.3).
Cveni mamebis yovlad keTilma, yovlad wmida, yovlismcodne, yovlisSem-
Zlebelma, saxierma, sulgrZelma da mravalmowyale RmerTma eqvs dReSi
Seqmna xiluli qveyana uxilavis Semdgom `rameTu man Tqva da iqmnes, amcno
da daebadnes~ (fs. 32,9).
`Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa. miwa iyo usaxo da udaburi.
bneli ido ufskrulze da suli RvTisa iZvroda wylebs zemoT. Tqva RmerT-
ma: iyos naTeli! da iqmna naTeli (dab. 1. 1-3).
meore dRes RmerTma Seqmna samyaro cisa, mesame dRes misi brZanebiT
cisqveSeTSi erTgan Segrovda wyali, gamoCnda xmeleTi, aRmoacena miwam
mcenareuli, meoTxe dRes _ man Seqmna mnaTobebi, mexuTe dRes _ wylis
suldgmulebi, cis frinvelebi.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 17
meeqvse dRes Tav Tavis gvarisda mixedviT cxovelTa Seqmnis Semdgom _
`Tqva RmerTma: gavaCinoT kaci Cvens xatad, Cvens msgavsebad. epatronos
zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, pirutyvs, mTels dedamiwas da yvela qvemZroms,
rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs. Seqmna RmerTma kaci, Tavis xatad Seqmna igi,
mamakacad da dedakacad Seqmna isini.
akurTxa RmerTma isini da uTxra: inayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT dedamiwa,
daeufleT mas, epatroneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac
ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~ (dab. 1.26-28).
meSvide dRes, samyaros Seqmnis Semdeg ganisvena man, romlis saqmeni `didad
Svenier arian, da simarTle misi hgies ukuniTi ukunisamde~ (fs. 110, 3).
Semoqmedma dasabamidan kacad da qalad Seqmna adamianebi (maTe, 19,4).
`aiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis baRSi mis dasamuSave-
blad da dasacavad. gaafrTxila ufalma RmerTma adami da uTxra: yvela
xis nayofi geWmeva am baRSi, mxolod keTilis da borotis Secnobis xis
nayofi ar SeWamo, radgan, rogorc ki SeWam, mokvdebio~ (dab. 2, 15-17), magram
gvelis mier Secdenilma evam akrZaluli nayofi Wama da qmarsac aWama.
aexilaT Tvali orives (dab. 3,7).
`Tqva ufalma RmerTma, aha, gaxda adami, rogorc erTi CvenTagani, Semcnobe-
li keTilisa da borotisa. ar gaiwodos axla xeli da ar mowyvitos
sicocxlis xis nayofic, ar SeWamos da maradiulad ar icocxlos. gauSva
igi ufalma RmerTma edemis baRidan, rom daemuSavebina miwa, saidanac iyo
aRebuli. gandevna adami. edems ki aRmosavleTiT qerubimebi da cecxlovani,
mbrunavi maxvili dauyena, raTa sicocxlis xesTan misasvleli daecvaT~
(dab. 3. 22-24).
madlierebis nacvlad pirvelma adamianma ufali RmerTisagan micemuli
pirveli mcneba daarRvia Tavisi urCobiT da pirveli codva Caidina.
`erTi kacis urCobiT mravali gaxda codvili~ (rom. 5, 19).
`erTis Secodebisagan yvela kacis Tavze moiwia sasjeli~ (rom. 5, 18).
`erTis SecodebiT mravalni mokvdebian~ (5, 15).
Taobidan Taobas gadaecema adamis codva da codvis gamo _ sikvdili
(rom. 5, 12).
ganidevna adami edemis baRidan, dawyevlili miwa unda daemuSavebina,
romlisganac tanjviT miiRebda sazrdos. ZeZvsa da ekals aRmoucenebda
miwa, pirofliani Wamda purs, sanam miwadve gadaiqceoda, saidanac iyo aRebu-
li, radgan mtveri iyo da mtvrad gadaiqceoda (dab. 3, 17-19).
edemidan gandevnis Semdeg `Seicno adamma eva, Tavisi dedakaci, daorsul-
da eva da Sva kaeni da Tqva: kaci SemeZina uflisagan. mere Sva misi Zma
abeli. abeli mecxvare iyo, kaeni miwis muSaki. gamoxda xani da miarTva
kaenma ufals ZRveni _ miwis nayofi~ (dab. 4,1-3). abelmac Seswira ufals
msxverpli _ gamoarCia Tavisi faris rCeuli pirutyvidan pirvelSobilni,
misTvis yvelaze Zvirfasni. `mohxeda ufalma abels da mis ZRvens, xolo
18 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
kaensa da mis ZRvens ar mohxeda~ (dab. 4. 4-5), rameTu `rwmeniT Seswira
abelma RmerTs kaenisaze ukeTesi msxverpli, romliTac miiRo mowmoba, rom
marTalia igi, rogorc RmerTma daamowma mis ZRvenTa Sesaxeb~ (ebr. 11,4).
Zmis sikeTiT gamwarebulma kaenma Tavi CaRuna. codva gabatonda masze _
gaiyvana abeli velad da mokla.
`uTxra RmerTma _ es ra Caidine? Seni Zmis sisxli miwidan SemomRa-
Radebs. daiwyevla kaeni, devnili da miusafari Seiqmna qveynad. amuSavebda
miwas. uflis pirisagan gadaxvewili kaeni gamravlda da misgan boroti
STamomavloba warmosdga _ daiviwyes Semoqmedi RmerTi da keTili saqmeni,
ewodaT maT `kacTa Svilebi~.
mwuxare adamsa da evas RmerTma momadla sxva naSieri nacvlad abelisa
_ SeTi. `SeTsa SeeZina vaJi da uwoda saxelad enoSi, maSin daiwyo uflis
saxelis xseneba~ (dab. 4.26). ewoda mis STamomavlebs `RvTis Svilebi~. maT-
gan warmosdga noe _ Svili lameqisa.
iwyes gamravleba adamianebma dedamiwaze. Seerivnen `kacTa Svilebs~ `Rv-
Tis Svilebi~ da SeiZines maTgan yovelive ukeTuri Cveuleba.
`dainaxa ufalma RmerTma, rom imata adamianTa ukeTurebam am qveynad, rom
ukeTuri iyo mudamJams maTi yoveli gulisTqma. inana ufalma, rom Seqmna
adamiani amqveynad da Sewuxda. Tqva ufalma _ miwis pirisagan aRvgvi adami-
ans, romelic Sevqmeni, adamianidan dawyebuli pirutyvamde, qvewarmavlamde,
cis frinvelamde, radgan vnanob, rom gavaCine. mxolod noes epova madli
uflis TvalSi. es aris ambavi noesi: marTali, sruli kaci iyo noe Tavis
TaobaSi, RmerTTan dadioda noe. Sva noem sami vaJi: semi, qami da iafeTi~
(dab. 6. 5-10).
ufalma RmerTma ineba miwis pirisagan adamianisa da yoveli xorcielis
aRgva wylis warRvniT. noes ki ubrZana kidobnis gakeTeba. aswavla misi
momzadeba. Seiyvana noem kidobanSi yovelgvari cxoveli, yovelgvari xor-
cieli, rasac ki sicocxlis suli edga, yvela wyvil-wyvilad, wmida piru-
tyvisagan Svid-Svidi waiyvana, uwmindurisagan or-ori. Sevidnen kidobanSi
noe da misi Svilebi, colebi, raTa ganridebodnen warRvnas, meSvide dRes
movida warRvna qveynad (dab. 7. 7-10).
as ormocdameaTe dRis bolos dadga wyali da Sewyda wvima. araratis
mTebs miadga kidobani. TandaTan iklebda wyali da gamoCnda mTis mwverval-
ebi. jer kidev idga wyali miwis pirze da ver i poves brWyalis mosaWidi
noes mier kidobnidan gaSvebulma frinvelebma. meSvide dRes xelaxla
gauSva mtredi kidobnidan, `dabrunda mtredi saRamoJams da aha, zeTisxilis
nedli rto eWira niskartiT. mixvda noe, rom damwdariyo wyali dedami-
waze~ (dab. 8. 11).
gadmovida noe Tavisi col-SviliT da kidobans Sefarebuli yoveli ar-
seba. augo noem samsxverplo ufals da miiyvana yovladdasawvel Sesawirad
TiTo-TiTo yoveli wmida pirutyvidan da frinvelidan.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 19
iynosa ufalma keTilsurneleba da Tqva Tavis gulSi: aRar davwyveli
miwas adamianis gamo, aRar gavanadgureb cocxal arsebas.
`akurTxa RmerTma noe da misi Svilebi da uTxra: inayofiereT, imravleT
da aavseT qveyana: (dab. 9, 1). Tqveni SiSi hqondes yovel suldgmuls, rac ki
iZvris dedamiwaze, Tqvens xelT arian isini, saWmelad gaZlevT. mis sulTan
_ mis sisxlTan erTad nu SeWamT, me ki Tqvens sisxls Tqveni sicocxlis wil
movikiTxav. `vinc adamianis sisxls daRvris, adamianis mierve daiRvreba
misi sisxli, radgan RvTis xatad Seiqmna adami, inayofiereT da imravleT,
moefineT qveyanas da gamravldiT masze~ (dab. 9. 6-7).
semituri i a f e t u r i qamituri
qarTvelur-kavkasiur-mediteranistuli
pelasguri etruskuli
baskuri
indoevropuli
iberi
ezekielis piriT gamoTqmuli winaswarmetyvelebis kiTxvisas _ `uTxari,
ase ambobs-Tqo ufali RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubalis
mTavaro! gagabruneb da ybaSi Cangals amogdeb... Togormas saxls Crdilo-
eTs kideebidan mTeli Tavisi urdoTi, uricxvi xalxiTurT SenTan erTad~ _
gvaxsendeba s. janaSias sityvebi _ `ueWvelia, rom VI-I saukuneebSi Cvens
welTaRricxvamde qarTvelobam didi zarali ganicada. am xanaSi Semcirda
qarTveli tomebis mosaxleoba da masTan erTad am tomebma Tavisi msoflio-
istoriuli poziciebi dahkarges~ (s. janaSia, t. V, 1987, gv. 212).
raRa darCa erT dros pirineidan pamiramde ganfenili (n. mari) qarTve-
luri eTnosidan?
qristeSobamde ramdenime saukuniT adre qarTveluri warmoSobis xalxe-
bi iqcnen mcire tomebad, daemxo maTi erT dros saxelovani saxelmwifoebi.
TavianTi ubedurebisa da gaWirvebis dros ramdenime nakadad moaSures
kavkasias, sadac egulebodaT saxelmwifoebrivi gaerTianeba maTi monaTesave
qarTuli tomebisa _ saxelganTqmuli kolxeTi. marTalia, kolxeTis Zlierebis
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 45
xana (qristeSobamde IX-VIII ss.) am droisaTvis ganvlili iyo, magram is
mainc fexze idga da bunebrivi sazRvrebisagan daculs Zlieri mtrebic
naklebad hyavda. momavali saqarTvelosaken moiwevdnen tibaranebad qceu-
li Tubalebi, mesxebad qceuli muSqebi, axla mcire tomebad qceuli qalde-
velebi anu xalibebi, karduxebi. herodotes Tanaxmad, wina aziaSi amierkavkasi-
isken cxovrobdnen Semdegi tomebi _ mosxebi, tibaranebi, makronebi, mosinike-
bi, kolxebi, alarodielebi, saspeirebi. is erT momentTan dakavSirebiT wers
_ `mosxebs Tavze xis muzaradebi exuraT. patara farebi da Subebi hqon-
daT... laSqrobdnen tibaranebi, makronebi da mosinikebi, romlebic mosxebiv-
iT iyvnen aRWurvilni... kolxebs Tavze xis muzaradebi hqondaT... alarodi-
elebi da saspeirebi kolxebis msgavsad SeiaraRebulni laSqrobdnen~ (hero-
dote, istoria, II, 434). rogorc Cans, qarTuli tomebi im droisaTvis kidev
ufro mravalricxovani iyo.
`vrcel miwa-wyalze mcire aziasa, samxreT evropasa da CrdiloeT af-
rikis sanapiroze mcxovrebi qarTuli gvartomobis xalxebi~ (s. janaSia)
aRniSnuli droisaTvis kavkasiaSi SeyuJul tomebad iyvnen qceulni, magram
ufal RmerTs isini ar dauviwyebia. misca Zala, raTa CamoeyalibebinaT
erTiani `qarTlis samefod~ cnobili saxelmwifo. Sehkra isini erTian erad
da imis Semdeg, rac dedamiwaze mosuli Ze RvTisa, WeSmariti RmerTi amaRl-
da, eCvena deda RvTisas da uTxra qarTveli eris Sesaxeb: _ `hoi, dedao
Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufros yovelTa naTesavTa, meox-
ebiTa SeniTa maTTvis (`qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 38) uflis rCeul erad
iqca, yvela qristemoyvare eris msgavsad.
am siyvarulis niSnad pirvel saukuneSive Cvenma erma miiRo zeciT qso-
vili kvarTi uflisa, erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli, niSnad imisa rom
`sazepuro eri~ mis wiaRSi Senaxul kvarTis msgavsad samaradJamod, mis
meored mosvlamde, erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli unda darCeniliyo,
Tuki qristianobas daicavda. ufalma aTeul tomebad qceuli qarTuli
eTnosi qristeSobamde 3-4 saukuniT adre erTian erad aqcia erovnuli
saxelmwifos daarsebiT. erTian qarTul saxelmwifos `qarTlis samefos~,
xolo ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen, `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, misi
dasavleTi sazRvari egriswyalze gadioda, ase rom, is moicavda aRmosav-
leT, samxreT da dasavleT saqarTvelos. am saxelmwifos xalxi erTian
erad SekavSirda da mas `qarTvelni~ ewodebodaT. aqve isic unda iTqvas,
erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebs gareT, samxreTSi aRmoCndnen mraval-
ricxovani qarTuli tomebi. qarTuli tomebi agreTve cxovrobdnen egrisw-
yalTan gamavali sazRvris gadaRmac da aseve aRmosavleTiT _ albaneTis
mimarTulebiT.
rogorc iTqva, gansakuTrebiT mravali qarTuli tomi aRmoCnda qarTuli
saxelmwifos gareT _ Savi zRvis sanapiro mxareSi, romelsac qaldeas, anda
WaneTs uwodebdnen.
46 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
aRsaniSnavia, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daarsebam mefe far-
navazis epoqaSi, faqtobrivad gamoiwvia qarTuli eTnosis orad gayofa,
kerZod, erTi nawili aRmoCnda Tavis erovnul saxelmwifoSi, xolo meore
nawili samxreT-dasavleTiT aRmoCnda sxva saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi. am
mdgomareobam xeli Seuwyo saerTo qarTuli enis diferenciacia-danawevre-
bis gaRrmavebas. amis mizezi iyo is, rom jer kidev farnavazis saxelmwifos
Seqmnamde saukuneebiT adre kolxuri kultura moicavda ara marto dasavleT
saqarTvelos, aramed aRmosavleTis umetes nawils. kolxuri kulturis ar-
ealze ki, rogorc miiCneva, gavrcelebuli iyo fuZe qarTuli enis diferenci-
aciis Sedegad miRebuli, jer kidev gauyofeli e.w. zan-qarTuli ena.
Zveli kolxeTi mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos ar moicavda, masSi aRmo-
savleT da samxreT saqarTvelos didi nawili Sedioda. kolxeTi kavkasiaSi
qarTuli tomebis gamarTianebeli iyo. herodotes aRweridanac Cans, rom
samxreT kavkasiur samyaroSi or qarTul toms aqvs hegemonoba Tavis Tavze
aRebuli, kolxebsa da mosxebs. kerZod, laSqrobisas (anu politikuri moR-
vaweobisas) mosxebTan erTad molaSqre tibaranebi, makronebi da mosinikebi
mosxebiviT arian aRWurvilni, xolo kolxebTan erTad myofi alarodielebi
da saspeirebi kolxebiviT SeiaraRebulni. mosxebi da kolxebi ki warm-
marTvelebad Canan. magram mosxebs qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi mcxovrebi
berZeni avtori hekatos mileteli `kolxur tomad~ miiCnevs, anu mesxebi da
kolxebi erTi xalxia, zogadi saxelia kolxi, maSasadame, kolxeTi, kolxuri
kultura da yovelive, rac Zvel kolxeTTanaa dakavSirebuli, aris ara
dasavleT saqarTvelos lokaluri kultura, aramed zogad-qarTuli eTno-
sisa, yvela qarTveluri tomisa, es Seexeba enasac. Zvel-kolxuri ena unda
iyos im droisaTvis sustad diferencirebuli fuZe qarTulidan gamoyo-
fili, e.w. zan-qarTuli (jer kidev dauSleli) ena.
g. meliqiSvili wers _ `mosxebs Zv.w.aR-is VI s-is berZeni avtori hekatos
mileteli `kolxur toms~ eZaxis. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mesxuri elemen-
ti mudam qarTebis elements emTxveva, `kolxurs~ aq dasavlurqarTulis
mniSvnelobas ver mivaniWebT, radgan, rogorc iTqva, Zveli legendaruli
kolxeTis arsebobis xanaSi (Zv.w.aR-is I aTaswleulis pirveli saukuneebi)
kolxeTi jer kidev sustad diferencirebul qarTvelur eTnikur jgufs
moicavda. am dros megrel-Wanebsa da qarTebs Soris enobrivi gansxvaveba,
yovel SemTxvevaSi jer ar unda yofiliyo. amitomac `kolxi~ saxeli am
uZveles xanaSi saerTo qarTveluri, Tu qarTi-zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) ele-
mentis aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. ionieli berZnebi qarTvel tomebs jer
kidev qarTul-zanuri erTobis arsebobis `kolxur~ xanaSi gaecnen da `kolxi~
saxelsac, unda vifiqroT, am erTobis aRsaniSnavad xmarobdnen. amitomac
mosxebis `kolxur tomad~ moxsenieba hekatos miletelTan, saerTod, maT
qarTvelobaze miuTiTebs da megrul-Wanur warmomavlobaze arafers lapar-
akobs~ (saq. ist. narkv, I, gv. 395).
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 47
erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos formirebis epoqa, romelic, cxadia, ramde-
nadme win uswrebda farnavazis xanas (IV-III ss. qristeSobamde) xasiaTdebo-
da didi cvlilelebebiT... kerZod, am dros VIII-VI saukuneebSi kolxuri
kulturis arealSi samxreTidan Semovidnen sxvadasxva qarTveluri tomebi,
rac gamoiwvevda Zvrebs, mniSvnelovan gadanacvlebebs.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am drois qarTveluri jgufis ZiriTadi kultura
swored `kolxuri kultura~ unda yofiliyo (ix. iqve, gv. 431). `akad. b.
kuftinis azriT, `kolxuri kulturis~ gavrcelebis sazRvari Tavdapirve-
lad mcxeTamde aRwevda. dRevandeli samxreT oseTis mosaxleobac gviani
brinjaos xanaSi mWidrod ukavSirdeboda `kolxuri kulturis~ zonis mo-
saxleobas... akad. s. janaSia xazs usvamda im garemoebas, rom qarTli, kerZod,
istoriuli Sida qarTli, is teritoria unda iyos, sadac gvian brinjaos
xanaSi xdeboda aRmosavlur da dasavlur kulturaTa gavrcelebis sazRvrebis
urTierTkveTa~ (iqve, gv. 432).
kolxuri kulturis areali vrceldeboda araTu Tanamedrove saqarTve-
los umetes nawilze, aramed Crdilo kavkasiaSic da vrclad samxreTis
mimarTulebiTac _ `aseTia, magaliTad, upirveles yovlisa Crdilo oseTi da
yabardo-balyareTi mTavari qedis miRma, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos vrceli
zoli mdinare mtkvris CrdiloeTiT, mesxeTidan vidre aragvis xeobamde.
istoriuli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo Woroxis auzi da ufro dasav-
leTiT Savi zRvis sanapiro, yovel SemTxvevaSi qalaq ordumde mainc.
aRarafers vambobT CvenTvis saintereso ti pis calkeul nivTebze, rom-
lebic aRmoCenilia somxeTis teritoriaze (axtala-lalvaris midamoebi,
golovino, parkari, leninakani) da urmiis tbis raionSi~ (iqve, gv. 255).
Tanamedrove CrdiloeT somxeTi, yovel SemTxvevaSi bambakis mTis Crdil-
oeTiT mtkvris auzSi moqceuli teritoria, istoriulad, aTaswleulTa man-
Zilze saqarTveloSi Semaval miwa-wylad, samxreT-aRmosavleT mxared miiC-
neoda, amitomac aq kolxuri kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli nivTebis aR-
moCena unda CavTvaloT mtkvris samxreTiT kolxuri kulturis gavlenis
gavrcelebad. rogorc Cans, kolxuri kultura vrceldeboda Woroxisa da
saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamaval mtkvris auzebSi, aseve dasavleT
saqarTveloSi. sad mdebareobda centri, bude kolxuri kulturisa? _ miC-
neulia, rom is mdebareobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `rogorc araerT
mkvlevars aRuniSnavs, TviT dasavleT saqarTvelo am kulturis ZiriTadi
bude unda iyos~ (iqve, gv. 256), magram ratom ar SeiZleba es bude aRmosav-
leT saqarTveloSi yofiliyo, vTqvaT mtkvris xeobaSi (istoriul diaoxTan,
Semdegdroindel taosTan, klarjeTTan), anda Woroxis xeobaSi, sadac zogi-
erTi mkvlevari metalurgiis centrebis arsebobas varaudobs? safiqrelia,
rom bude kolxuri kulturisa mdebareobda rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosav-
leT saqarTveloSi, is erTiani kulturaa da ara lokaluri romelime
48 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
kuTxisa. marTalia, jerjerobiT ucnobia, vrceldeboda Tu ara kolxuri
kultura mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT, magram, ZvelqarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, aRniS-
nuli mimarTulebiT teritoriebi dasaxlebuli iyo qarTuli tomebiT (qarTlis
cxovrebaSi asaxulia, rom aq saxlobdnen qarTlosis uSualo STamomavalni).
kolxuri kulturis am arealSi gauvrceleblobis Sesaxeb ki unda gavimeo-
roT g. meliqiSvilis naTqvami: `ra Tqma unda, savaldebulo ar aris, rom
materialuri kulturis esa Tu is are zustad emTxveodes ama Tu im
eTnikuri jgufis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs~, (iqve, gv. 432).
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sruliad unda daveTanxmoT g.
meliqiSvils _ qristeSobamde pirveli aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi sax-
eli `kolxi~ saerTo qarTveluri, anu zan-qarTuli (qarT-zanuri) elementis
aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. saxeli `kolxi~ sustad diferencirebul qarTul
eTnikur erTobas moicavda (amitomac uwodebdnen `mosxebs~ _ kolxebs).
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, qristeSobamde VIII saukunis Semdgom kolxuri
kulturis arealSi didi cvlilebebi moxda, CrdiloeTidan SemoiWrnen
kimerielebi, maT daarbies kolxeTi, xolo samxreTidan TandaTan Semosula
sxvadasxva qarTuli tomebi. es qarTuli tomebi erT dros warmoadgendnen
cnobil xalxebs TavianTi saxelmwifoebiT, maT gaaCndaT didi politikuri
kultura, amitomac Semosvlis Semdgom sakmaod male moaxdines damxvedri
tomebis konsolidacia da Camoayalibes `qarTlis samefo~ _ axali qarTu-
li saxelmwifo. s. janaSias Tanaxmad, samxreTiT mdebare qarTuli saxelmwi-
foebis gaqrobis Semdeg politikurma centrebma CrdiloeTiT, dRevandeli
saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze gadmoinacvla. amas, rogorc aRiniSna, xeli Seuw-
yo Zveli kolxuri samefos ganadgurebam kimerielTa mier. am Semosevis
Semdgom, rogorc fiqroben, kolxeTis (am SemTxvevaSi dasavleT saqarTve-
los) mosaxleobis nawili momxdurebTan brZolaSi gamwydara, gadarCenilebs
mezobel kuTxeebSi SeufarebiaT Tavi.
samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT qarTuli tomebis Semosvlas, anu politikuri
centrebis gadmonacvlebas garkveulad gamoucocxlebia Zveli kolxeTi.
samefoc Camoyalibda, saqme is iyo, rom kolxebi da Semosuli tomebi, rogorc
aRiniSna, erTi eTnosi, erTi warmoSobis xalxi iyo. ase, magaliTad, s. janaSia
fiqrobda, rom kolxuri brinjaos kultura SeiZleboda Tubalebis (Tobe-
lis) kultura yofiliyo.
s. janaSia bibliaSi naxseneb iafetis Ze Tubals da kaenis STamomavlebs
_ Tubal-kaens, iabels, iubals ase akavSirebda kolxebTan (da iberebTan):
`CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxis Sesaxeb bibliis ori sxvadasxvagvari cnobis
SeTanxmeba Zneli ar unda iyos. is garemoeba, rom erT SemTxvevaSi Tubali
martoa dasaxelebuli, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi mas Zmebic hyavs _ Aabali
da Aubali, Cveni azriT im garemoebas mowmobs, rom pirvelad xalxi mTliani
saxiTaa warmodgenili, meored ki _ Tavisi mTavari tomebis saxiT. advilad
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 49
aixsneba Tubalis ori saxelic _ Tubal-kaeni da Tobeli: `kain~ `keni~ aq
epiTetia, romelic, saTanado semituri Ziris saSualebiT `mWedels~ aRniS-
navs, Tubali xom upiratesad mWedeli da metalurgia, SesaZlebelia isic (n.
mari, iv. javaxiSvili), rom aq gvqondes saTanado satomo saxelis gaazrebac
(`kaenebs~, rogorc vnaxeT, ixseniebs pliniusi da SemdegSi cnobilni arian
Wanni _ okaenitebic). dabadebis meoTxe Tavis cnobaSi sayuradReboa fuZis
axali formebi, romlebic Cven winaT ar Segvxvedria _ Tavkiduri T//t-s
nacvlad _ A. es, ueWvelia, axali safexuria am saxelis ganviTarebaSi. am
cnobiT mocemuli Sesatyvisobani: T//t _ h//A-0 safuZvels aZleven iv. javax-
iSvilis da i. yifSiZes Tubal-Tabali da iberi, Sualedi rgolebiT, erTma-
neTs daukavSiron. prof. iv. javaxiSvili amasTanave gamoTqvams mosazrebas,
rom tabal _ qarTebis gamoTqmaa, tubal _ tobal _ megrul-Wanuri, xolo
tibar svanur gamoTqmas uaxlovdebao. sakmarisia movigonoT asuruli cno-
ba tabalebis 24 samefos arsebobis Sesaxeb, rom paraleluri formebis
aseTi simdidre savsebiT bunebrivad miviCnioT da sxva dakarguli forme-
bic vivaraudoT. dasasrul, movigonoT, rogor axasiaTebs am qarTvelur
moZme tomebs `SesaqmeTa wignis~ avtori. Tobelis, anu Tubal-kaenis Sesaxeb
aq naTqvamia: `ese iyo kveriT xuroA, mWedeli rvalisa da rkinisa~ (IV, 22).
Tu amas davukavSirebT Tanamedrove arqeologis mier dadgenil faqts, rom
brinjaos SesaniSnavi kultura, romelsac winaT yobanis kulturas eZaxdnen,
namdvilad kolxeTis kulturaa, rom am kulturis ayvavebis xana swored
Tabal-Tubalis epoqaze modis, rom kolxuri brinjaos kultura, uaxlesi
aRmoCenebiT vrceldeba Sors samxreTiT mcire aziisaken (vgulisxmobT
arTvinisa da ordus ganZebs), maSin bunebrivad SeiZleba davsvaT sakiTxi:
xom ar aris kolxuri brinjaos kultura namdvilad Tubalebis, anu Tubal-
kainebis kultura?~ (s. janaSia, III, 1959, gv. 71-73).
ase akavSirebda s. janaSia Tubals kolxTan da iberTan, xolo mesxebs
kolxebTan qristeSobamdec akavSirebdnen.
anTropologiurad aRniSnul xanaSi mTeli kavkasiis mosaxleoba erTg-
varovani yofila. m. abduSeliSvili wers _ `amrigad, mTeli kavkasiis brin-
jaos xanis mosaxleoba ekuTvnoda erT anTropologiur ti ps, romelic
zogad rasobriv sistematikaSi samxreT-evropeiduli rasis xmelTa-
SuazRvispiruli ti pis saxeliT aris cnobili. saqarTvelos gvian brin-
jaos da Semdgom rkinis farTo aTvisebis periodis mosaxleoba anTr-
opologiuri TvalsazrisiT ti pobrivad ar gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan.
rac gamoricxavs raime axali, adgilobrivisagan gansxvavebuli elementebis
Semosvlas sakvlev teritoriaze drois aRniSnul monakveTSi~ (`qarTveli
xalxis anTropologiuri istoria~).
anTropologiuri, kulturuli, enobrivi da sxva msgavsi erToba unda
yofiliyo mizezi imisa, rom qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi aRorZinebul kolx-
50 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
eTis samefoSi, romelic amjerad mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos moicavda,
ganfenili iyo samxreTidan Semosulad miCneuli e.w. mesxuri tomebi. dasav-
leT saqarTvelos aRmosavleTi provinciebi da aseve rionis samxreTiTac
moqceuli miwa-wyali, ZvelTaganve msgavsi elementebiT Cans dasaxlebuli.
`samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze SemoRweuli mcireazieli muSqebi
(mesxebi), Cans, aqtiur rols asrulebdnen am mxaris politikur cxovrebaSi...
SemdegSi aqedan kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT gavrceldnen. mesxuri samosax-
loni unda gaCeniliyo rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi...
damaxasiaTebelia, rom mcireaziuli warmoSobis saxelwodebebi umkvidrde-
ba ara marto Sida qarTlis miwa-wyalze aRmocenebul cixe-qalaqebs, aramed
dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi warmoSobil zog amgvar
centrsac... mcireaziuli elementis politikuri hegemonoba vrceldeba mesxeTs,
Sida qarTlsa da sxvaTa Soris, agreTve dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosav-
leT nawilzec. es is teritoriebia, sadac mimdinareobda adgilobrivi
qarTis da mcire aziidan SemoRweuli mesxuri elementis wiaRSi aRmosav-
lur qarTuli (qarTlis, iberiis) saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba~ (saq. ist.
narkv, I, gv. 397).
unda vifiqroT, rom kolxeTis samefos (VI-IV ss.) wiaRSive safuZveli
eyreboda axal erTian qarTlis saxelmwifos, farnavazis mier daarsebuls.
amas unda miuTiTebdes, wyaroTa Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom farnavazis winamorbe-
di (samefo taxtze) azoni ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed
dasavleT saqarTvelosac marTavda. qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi samxreT-
aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi (istoriuli kolxeTis samxreT raionebSi)
mcxovrebi mosaxleoba sparselebma daimorCiles. am adgilebSi 401 wels
gaiara qsenofontem. misi aRweriT, adgilobrivi tomebi ukve ganviTare-
bulni iyvnen. karduxebi, xalibebi, xaldebi, makronebi, kolxebi, mosinikebi,
koitebi da tibarenebi ar emorCilebodnen sparseTs. aRsaniSnavia, rom is
`kolxebs~ uwodebs ara rionis xeobaSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas, aramed tra-
pezuntis midamoebSi mcxovrebT. daaxloebiT am dros (ramdenadme gvian-
del periods) exeba qarTuli wyaro `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, romlis Tanaxma-
dac, samxreTSi _ wina aziaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis elita `arian-qarT-
lis~ mefe azovem gadmoasaxla da ganasaxla sruliad saqarTveloSi, maT
Soris rionisa da enguris xeobebSic, vidre egris wylamde. Tu es wyaro
sworia, maSin rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yovel kuTx-
eSi aqamde kolxuri kulturis arealSi mcxovreb qarTvelobas Serevia
samxreTidan gadmosaxlebuli qarTveloba da Semdegdroindeli qarTuli
tomebi Tanabari xarisxiT maTi memkvidreni arian. Tumca, rogorc aRniSnu-
li wyarodan Cans, unda vivaraudoT, rom `arian-qarTlis~ mefem sruliad
saqarTveloSi ganasaxla ara raime mniSvnelovani raodenobiT mosaxleoba,
am sityvis sruli gagebiT, aramed mxolod mmarTveli zeda fena, aznaur-
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 51
Tavisufali mcirericxovani mmarTveli zeda fena. pavle ingoroyvas mier
aRdgenili Txzulebis teqstSi ikiTxeba qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb
_ `xolo ese azoA warvida `arian-qarTlad~ mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvana
aTasi saxli mdabioA uflisaA da aTni saxli mamamZuZeTani~ (p. ingoroyva, t.
4, gv. 515, 1978 w.). aq `mamamZuZe niSnavs mTavars, aseve unda vifiqroT, rom
`mdabioA uflisaA~ ufalTan, anu mefesTan daaxloebul pirebs ewodebaT,
arseni beri Sesabamis teqstSi gadmoscems, rom azom arian qarTlidan
moiyvana aTasi saxli `mdabioA uflisaA~ da aTi saxli `mTavarTagan~. sul
moyvanilia aTas aTi saxli. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ miaCnia, rom aRniSnuli
mosaxleobis STamomavalni arian qarTvelebi, rom maT maleve Seqmnes sax-
elmwifo, magram SeuZlebelia aTas aT ojaxs Seeqmna uzarmazari, zRvidan
albaneTamde gadaWimuli saxelmwifo, cxadia, aTas aTi saxli warmoadgenda
zeda fenas, anu saxelmwifos dvritas, mmarTvel aparats, wyobilebis xerxe-
mals. es aris swored is, razedac miuTiTebda simon janaSia. misi Teoriis
Tanaxmad, moxda ara mosaxleobis masiuri gadasaxleba, aramed qarTuli
politikuri centrebis gadanacvleba samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken. anu iqamde
kolxuri kulturis arealSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba aaxlebs Tavis saxelm-
wifoebriv wyobilebas. ufro maRali saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciisa da
kulturis mqone samxreTuli qarTuli zedafenis meoxebiT maT Camoayal-
ibes `qarTlis samefo~ (anu iberiisa), aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos
gamaerTianebeli saxelmwifo. swored zeda fena rom movida, amis anarekli
Cans `qarTlis cxovrebaSic~. am Txzulebis mixedviT azo _ dampyrobelia,
makedoneli, romelsac hyavs `asi aTasi romaeli~, romlis ZaliTac xelisu-
fleba aqvs damyarebuli qarTvelobaze. `moqcevaAs~ mixedviT, rogorc vic-
iT, azos Tan mohyva `aTasi saxli mdabio~, _ `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT
ki `asi aTasi~ romaeli. unda vigulisxmoT, rom Tavis mxriv `saxlic~ Tavis
qveS gulisxmobs SeiaraRebuli mebrZolebis (anu brZolisunariani mamaka-
cebis) _ aramcire raodenobas. Tu gvian saukuneebSic ki `komlSi~ 20-mde
mamakacs gulisxmobdnen, qristeSobamde, roca ojaxebi gauyofelni iyvnen,
`saxlSi~ uTuod didi raodenobis mamakacebi unda igulisxmebodes. Tu
mocemul ricxvebs `asi aTasi~ da `aTas saxls~ erTmaneTs SevadarebT,
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom erT `saxls~ asamde SeiaraRebuli mamakacis gamoy-
vana SeeZlo. sad daasaxla azom Semoyvanili mosaxleoba, anu romel qvey-
anas Cauyara man safuZveli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT _ `igi imor-
Cilebs qarTlTan erTad hereTs da, amrigad, avrcelebs Tavis xelisufle-
bas mdinare berdujidan (dRevandeli debeda) vidre `speris zRvamde (e.i.
Sav zRvamde), i pyrobs agreTve dasavleT saqarTvelos (egriss), xarks adebs
osebs, lekebs da xazarebs~ (narkv. gv. 438). `moqcevaAs~ mixedviT, azo
Semoiyvana aleqsandre makedonelma. ai, rogor sazRvrebSi moaqcia misi
52 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
qveyana _ `da Tana hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azo, ZeA arian qarTlisa
mefisa da mas miuboZa mcxeTaA sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi
da egris wyali da somxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvida~ (Zv. qarT. ag. lit.
Zegl. t. I, 1964, gv. 81).
am wyaros Tanaxmadac, azo _ dasavleT saqarTvelos sruli mpyrobelia,
vidre egriswylamde, maSasadame, mas Tavisi `aTasi saxli~ mdabioni, xolo,
Cveni azriT, Tavisi sayrdeni xelisufalni, unda gaenawilebina mTel samar-
Tav teritoriaze, rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. cxa-
dia, moxdeboda damxvdurebisa da momsvlelebis Serwyma, amitomac Semdgomi
drois mematianeni TavianT Tavs (e.i.qarTvelobas) Tvlidnen _ `arian qarTl-
idan~ mosuli qarTvelobis memkvidreebad.
swrafad urTierTSerwymas xeli albaT imanac Seuwyo, rom momsvlelnic
da damxvdurnic erTi eTnosisani, erTi warmoSobisani iyvnen. `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ zemoxsenebul arsen beriseul variantSi naTqvamia, rom Cven,
qarTvelebi am arian-qarTlidan gadmosaxlebulTa STamomavlebi varTo.
igivea naTqvami `moqcevaAs~ ufro Zvel, Satberdiseul xelnawerSi. armazis
mTaze mdgomi gacisa da gas kerpebis aRwerisas nino ambobs, rom isini
iyvnen Tqveni (qarTvelTa) `arian-qarTleli~ mamebis (e.i. winaprebis) Rm-
erTebi. mefe miriani, mimarTavs ra ninos, amave gacisa da gas eZaxis `Cveni
mamebis (winaprebis) Zvel RmerTebs~ (narkv. gv. 438).
yovelive zemoaRniSnuliT Cven imis Tqma gvsurs, rom farnavazis mier
Seqmnili saxelmwifos mdgradoba gamowveuli iyo mosaxleobis erTg-
varovnebiT, Tumca ki, erTi SexedviT, saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT egrisw-
ylidan da Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde arsebobda tomTa siWrele,
magram saxelmwifom es tomebi Sekra, erad aqcia, amitomac, Cveni matianeebi
aTaswleulTa manZilze yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe Cveni saxelmwifos
rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT nawilSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas qarTvelebs
uwodebdnen, ucxoelebi ki iberebs. sxvadasxva qarTuli tomebis erTian
xalxad gadaqcevas xeli uTuod imanac Seuwyo, rom saxelmwifos Camoyal-
ibebis dros qarTuli fuZe-enis daSlis xarisxi didi ar iyo. tomebis enebi
axlos iyvnen erTmaneTTan, e.w. qarTebisa, zanebisa da svanebis enebi, cxadia, am
oriaTas xuTasi wlis win erTmaneTis mimarT dialeqtebs warmoadgendnen.
isini damoukidebel enebad Camoyalibdnen Semdgom, safiqrebelia mas Sem-
deg, rac farnavazis mier Seqmnili saxelmwifo daiSala (igulisxmeba vax-
tang gorgaslis SvilTa dros). qristeSobamde IV saukuneSi, jer kidev
farnavazis saxelmwifos warmoSobamde, pirvelad iqna moxsenebuli iberTa
saxeli ucxour mwerlobaSi. rogorc Cans, qarTvelebi iberTa saxelwodebiT
pirvelad moixsenies platonma da aristotelem. s.janaSia wers _ `platoni
Tavis `kanonebSi~, ixseniebs `iberebs~ im `meomar xalxTa~ Soris, romelnic
svamen uwylo Rvinos. aristotele ki ambobs _ `iberebis~ meomari xalxi
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 53
saflavis garSemo imden sars arWoben xolme, ramdeni mteric mokluli hyavs
micvalebulso~. safiqrebelia, rom aq qarTvelebi igulisxmebian, magram gada-
WriT amis TqmisaTvis damatebiTi masalaa saWiro~ (s.janaSia, t. III, gv. 48).
oriode saukuniT adre herodotesTvis ucnobi iyo es sityva _ iberi,
rogorc Cans, is sxvagvarad gamoiTqmoda im dros, _ sasperebad. herodote
erTi modgmis sasperebsa da kolxebs ixseniebs aseve erTi modgmis sparselebsa
da midielebTan erTad. es ukanasknelnic Semdgom erT xalxad iqcnen. swored
aRniSnuli ori modgmis xalxi _ sparsuli (sparsel-midielni) da qarTuli
(kolx-sasperebi) cxovrobdnen uzarmazar teritoriaze _ sparseTis yuresa
(wiTeli zRva) da Sav zRvas Soris. _ `sparsebi cxovroben samxreTis zRvam-
de, romelic `wiTlad~ iwodeboda. maT zemoT CrdiloeTisaken cxovroben
midielebi, midielebis zemoT _ sasperebi, sasperebis zemoT _ kolxebi, Crdi-
loeTis zRvamde, romelsac erTvis mdinare fazisi. es oTxi xalxi cxov-
robs zRvidan zRvamde~.
sasperebs, rogorc Cans, faqtobrivad eWiraT adgili urartuelebisa, romel-
Ta politikuri centrebi VI saukunisaTvis ukve ganadgurebuli iyo midi-
elTa da skviTTa mier, Tumca, rogorc Cans, sasperebi CrdiloeTis (momavali
aRmosavleT iberiis) teritoriasac moicavdnen. CrdiloeTis aRniSnuli
teritoriebi, Tavis droze nawilobriv kolxuri kulturis arealSi Se-
diodnen. aq unda gavixsenoT isic, rom Semdgomi drois avtorTa Tanaxmad,
iberielebi mdinare araqsamde cxovrobdnen. sasperebis Seviwroeba arme-
nielTa tomebis Semosvlam gamoiwvia yofili urartus teritoriaze.
s. janaSias saxeli `iberi~ gamohyavda terminebidan _ subar-sasperi-sper.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom mas ukavSirebda bibliis Tubalsa da
Tobels.
`CvenTvis saintereso satomo saxelis fuZis, zemoT, dokumenturad, damow-
mebuli Tu kanonzomierad aRdgenili variantebi _ tibar, taber, tabar,
tiber, hiber, iber da am saxelwodebaTa matarebeli tomebis gavrcelebis
are, gansakuTrebiT mcire aziis Sinagani olqebi, aucileblobiT da savsebiT
damarwmuneblad ukavSirdeba, erTi mxriT, `dabadebis~ Tubalsa da Tobels,
meore mxriv, asuruli warwerebis tabals (rogorc Cveulebriv sweren) anu
Tabals. `dabadebis~ faqtebi, ukve didi xania, rac specialur ganmartebis
sagnad iqca. jer kidev cnobili swavluli ebraeli ioseb flabiosi (I s.,
ax.w.aR-iT) amtkicebda, rom iafetis Svilis Tubal-Tobelis STamomavalni
mis dros iberebad iwodebodnen... SemdgomSi flabioss xSirad imeorebdnen
Zveli mwerlebi, gansakuTrebiT, bibliur genealogiaTa ganmmartebelni, ma-
gram axalma mecnierebamac es debuleba TiTqmis uyoymanod miiRo~ (s.janaSia,
III, gv. 63).
davamatebT, rom `Tubals~ da misgan nawarmoeb `tibarenis~ ukavSireben
kolxebsac da lazebsac. amiT kidev erTxel xazi esmeba kolxebisa da
54 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
iberebis erT eTnikur mTlianobas _ `straboniT, jer kidev pirvel saukune-
Si mTeli mxare kolxeTis dasavleTiT md. Ralisis SesarTavamde iwodebo-
da tibaraniad da dasaxlebuli iyo tibaranuli tomebiT. bizantiuri,
ZvelqarTuli da Zvelsomxuri cnobebiT ki viciT, rom am miwa-wyals Sua
saukuneebis mTel manZilze ewodeboda kolxida, lazika (lazeTi), xaldia
da (dasavleT ganapiras) Waniki...~ (s. janaSia, t. V, gv. 49). bibliuri Tubalis
STamomavalni arian iberebi, rogorc aRmosavleT ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
iberebi ewodaT dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasac _ kolxebsac, er-
Tiani saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdgom. am saxelmwifos mTeli mosaxleobis
saxelis tibaran TobelebTan dakavSireba swored amis Sesaxeb metyvelebs.
qarTvelni, anu iberni iafetis Zis STamomavalni arian, wilxvedri yovlad-
wmida RvTismSoblisa, nakurTxni uflis mier.
xorenaciT: mroveliT:
iafeti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iafeti
gameri _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iafetis Ze
Tarasi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TarSi
Torgomi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Targamos
haiki _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ haos, qarTlos da a.S.
xorenaciT mroveliT
Torgomi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Targamosi
haiki haos, qarTlos, bardos, movakan, lek, heros,
kavkas, egros
farnavazi
saqarTvelos pirveli erTiani saxelmwifos damaarseblis, anbanis gam-
avrceleblis, qarTuli mwignobrobis fuZemdeblis, mefe farnavazis cxovre-
ba aRwerilia qarTvelTa umTavres saistorio, erovnuli siwmindis xarisx-
amde amaRlebul wignSi, romelsac `qarTlis cxovreba~ ewodeba. miCneulia,
rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali, TargamosianTa genealogia, TviT redaq-
tors Seudgenia (kerZod, mas Tavisi drois moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad
dauweria Zvel wyaroTa gamoyenebiT `ambavi rvaTa ZmaTa~, `gamosvla xazar-
Ta~, `Semosvla aleqsandresi~), xolo `cxovreba farnavazisi~ _ ukve arsebu-
li Zveli qarTuli saistorio moTxroba, Tavisi gemovnebiT gaumarTavs da
CaurTavs wignSi.
qveynis gamaerTianebeli pirveli mefis mamis saxeli mematianisaTvis
ucnobia, samagierod misTvis cnobilia saxeli mamis Zmisa. amasTan dakav-
SirebiT pavle ingoroyva wers _ `leonti mroveli aq, Cans, imeorebs rome-
liRac Zveli saistorio wyaros cnobas~ (t. IV, gv. 523).
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 61
mematiane farnavazis ambis gadmocemisas wers, rom farnavazi `iyo mamu-
lad qarTleli, naTesavi uflosi, mcxeTosis Zisa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv.
20). misi genealogia, cxadia, wyvetilebiT, aseTia:
qarTlos
farnavaz
qarTlos
farnavaz quji
64 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
qujica da farnavazic erTi winapris STamomavalni arian, magram far-
navazi pirmSoebiTi uflebis ZaliT ojaxSi, gvarSi, ufrosad iTvleba, is
`ufalia~, misi yvela naTesavi mas unda daemorCilos. aseTia im Jamis kanoni.
farnavazma da qujim moilaparakes osebTan da lekebTan, isini sixaru-
liT daTanxmdnen azonis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas, radganac ar surdaT misTvis
xarkis micema. maTgan miiRes damxmare samxedro Zala, egrisSi Seikriba
uTvalavi spa. Seuties azons. azoni damarcxda da Tavi Seafara klarjeTs.
farnavazi Sevida mcxeTaSi, imave wels daimorCila `yoveli qarTli~, klar-
jeTis garda _ ase wers mematiane, _ `dai pyra yoveli qarTli Tvinier
klarjeTisa~, aq uTuod `yoveli qarTlis~ qveS igulisxmeba rogorc aRmo-
savleTi, aseve dasavleTi saqarTvelo _ swored dasavleT saqarTvelo
warmoadgenda farnavazis sayrden baziss azonis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisas.
azons farnavazis winaaRmdeg omSi daexmara `saberZneTi~ _ misgan miiRo
didZali damxmare Zala, samagierod farnavazs _ `asuristanis mefe antio-
qozi~. kidev erTxel SeebrZolnen erTmaneTs azonisa da farnavazis jarebi
_ artaanis naqalaqevSi, romelsac huri anu `qajTa qalaqi~ erqva. berZenTa
jarebi daamarcxes qarTvelebma, mokles azoni, SeiWra farnavazi saberZne-
Tis sazRvrebSi _ Sevida anZioZorSi da ukan dabrunda ekelecis gziT.
klarjeTi SeuerTa Tavis samefos da dabrunda mcxeTaSi.
qarTlis samefos sazRvari Crdilo-dasavleTiT daido mdinare egriswy-
alze. am mdinaris marjvena sanapiroc (iseve rogorc marcxena) warmoad-
genda egrosis wils, e.i. warmoadgenda egrosis STamomavalTa sacxovriss
(vidre xazareTis mdinaremde `saca warswudebis wueri kavkasisa~), magram
egriswyalsa da xazareTis mdinares (e.i. md. egriswyalsa da md. yubans)
Soris mcxovrebma egriselebma ar inebes gandgoma `berZenTa~ saxelmwifos-
agan da Sesvla farnavazis samefoSi. sazRvari `yoveli qarTlisa~ am
mimarTulebiT daido mdinare egriswyalze. mematiane wers _ `xolo egrisw-
yals qvemoT darCa berZenTa, rameTu mkvidrTa mis adgilisaTa ara inebes
gandgoma berZenTa~, xolo egrisis meore nawili Sevida qarTlis samefoSi,
Tavisi saxelmwifo farnavazma dayo saerisTavoebad. pirvelTa Soris mema-
tiane asaxelebs egriss da mis erisTavs qujis. is gaxda siZe farnavazisa
da miiRo saerisTavod yoveli qarTlis qveyana egriswyalsa da rions Sua.
man aaSena cixe-goji. margveTis saerisTavoSi Sedioda miwebi mdinare ri-
onsa da lixis mTas Soris. Semdegi saerisTavoebi iyvnen kaxeTSi, xunanSi,
samSvildeSi, wundaSi, oZrxeSi, klarjeTSi. erTi erisTavi daadgina _ spas-
petad, mas Sida qarTlic mieca sagamgeod, is warmoadgenda mefis Semdeg
pirvel Tanamdebobis pirs, yvela erisTvis ganmgebels. Tavis mxriv erisTavebs
emorCilebodnen spasalarebi da aTasisTavebi, maTgan Semodioda saerisTa-
vo da samefo xarki.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 65
farnavazma aaSena aleqsandre makedonelis mier saqarTveloSi dangreu-
li qalaqebi da cixeebi, dedaqalaq mcxeTas ki Semoavlo galavani.
farnavazs Seuqmnia Tavis saxelze _ kerpi armazi, rameTu farnavazs
sparsulad armazi erqva. es armazis kerpi aRmarTa qarTlis mTis Tavze.
didi dResaswauli gadaixada kerpis aRmarTvisas.
gamefebisas 27 wlis iyo. 65 weli nebierad imefa. `aRaSena da ganavso
qarTli~.
farnavazma qarTuli ena saxelmwifo enad gamoacxada, ris gamoc qarTu-
lis garda sxva ena saqarTveloSi ar ixmareboda. manve Seqmna qarTuli
mwignobroba.
sikvdilis Semdeg armazis kerpis win daasaflaves.
ase gadmogvcems farnavazis cxovrebas Cveni matiane.
qarTlis, anu iberiis erTiani didi saxelmwifos warmoqmnas mecnierebi
qristeSobamde IV-III saukuneebiT aTariReben.
farnavazisa da misi memkvidre mefeebis anu farnavazianebis dros mcx-
eTaSi _ samefos dedaqalaqSi, Sendeboda cixesimagreebi, sxvadasxva nage-
bobani, kidev sxva kerpebic aRumarTavT. farnavazis mier armazis aRmarTvis
Semdgom mefe saurmagma aRmarTa kerpi ainina, iwyo armazis cixe-qalaqis
Seneba. mefe mirvanma daninas kerpi aRmarTa, daasrula armazis mSenebloba.
mefe farnajomma kerpi zaden mTaze aRmarTa, cixec auSena. arsok mefem _
qalaqs sxva zRude Semoavlo. mefe artags ki armazSi Sida cixe (ak-
ropolisi) auSenebia.
maTi Semdgomi mefeebi ukve sakuTriv mcxeTas aSenebdnen, anu mtkvris
marcxena sanapiroze mdebare qalaqs.
dedaqalaqs icavdnen rTuli TavdacviTi sistemis meSveobiT. armaz-cixe
somxeTidan, albaneTidan da dasavleT saqarTvelodan momavali gzebis Tav-
Seyris adgilas idga, zadencixe ki CrdiloeTis momTabareTa qveynebidan
momaval gzas akontrolebda. qveyanaSi Sedioda didi saerTaSoriso mniS-
vnelobis savaWro gza, rogorc amas gvacnobs straboni. saerTod iberia
savaWro gzebiT yofila daserili. strabonis cnobiT, iberia kargad yofila
dasaxlebuli, qalaqebi da dabebi mravalricxovani iyo. saxlebi da nage-
bobebi kargad nagebi, xuroTmoZRvruli xelovnebiT, hqondaT kramitis sax-
uravebi. iberiaSi mdebareobda qalaqebi _ ufliscixe, wunda, oZrxe, cixe-
goji (am qveynis dasavleTi sazRvari, rogorc aRiniSna, mdinare egriswy-
alze ido).
uTuod yovel saerisTavos gaaCnda Tavisi centri. CrdiloeTis mima-
rTulebiT iberiis sazRvars, Cans, kavkasionis wyalmyofi qedi warmoadgenda,
romlis iqiTac mcxovreb tomebzec vrceldeboda samefos gavlena.
samxreTis mimarTulebiT iberia vrclad iyo gadaWimuli. armeniasa da
iberias, qristeSobamde II saukunis avtoris _ apolodoris cnobiT, erT-
66 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
maneTisgan hyofda mdinare araqsi. araqsi yofila gamyofi iberielebisa da
armenielebisa.
samxreT-dasavleTiT iberiis sazRvari gadioda piriadris mTis kalTe-
bze, mas ekuTvnoda xorzene da gogarene, rogorc berZnebi uwodebdnen
samxreT saqarTvelos kuTxeebs. Semdeg, strabonis cnobiT, armenias iberii-
saTvis waurTmevia aRniSnuli kuTxeebi, daaxloebiT 190 wels qristeSobam-
de (ix. saq. ist. narkv., t. I, gv. 456).
farnavazis rezidencias da samefo qalaqs warmoadgenda armazi. misi
saxeli mraval ucxour Tanadroul wyaroSic aris asaxuli, rogorc Cans, is
cnobili da saxelovani qalaqi iyo. am qalaqis sidiade daadastura ar-
qeologiurma gaTxrebma, qarTvel erismTavarTa da warCinebulTa brwyin-
vale fufuneba da didebuleba naTlad gamoaCina arqeologiurma Zeglebma.
armazidan samefo rezidencia gadatanil iqna sakuTriv mcxeTaSi, es momx-
dara pirveli saukunis meore naxevarSi. p. ingoroyvas Tanaxmad, mefe far-
navazi mefobda qristeSobamde 284-219 wlebSi. 284 welsve damyarebula
qarTuli welTaRricxva.
`ZvelqarTuli kalendris Seswavlidan irkveva, rom qarTuli naciona-
luri welTaRricxva iwyeba swored im droidan, rodesac, leonti mrove-
lis cnobiT, aleqsandre makedonelis imperiis dayofis Sedegad moxda
axali iberiis saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba, farnavazianTa dinastiiT xelisu-
flebis saTaveSi. saxeldobr, dasawyisi qarTuli nacionaluri welTaRricxvisa
aris 284 weli Cvens eramde. es weli aris gamosavali TariRi, romelic
Semdeg safuZvlad daedo qarTuli qoronikonis sistemas, ...es TariRi, 284
weli, romelidanac iwyeba qarTuli nacionaluri era, aris TariRi iberiis
saxelmwifo damoukideblobis gamocxadebisa da farnavazianTa dinastiis
damkvidrebisa iberiis saxelmwifos xelisuflebis saTaveSi (p. ingoroyva,
t. IV, 1978, gv. 558).
pavle ingoroyvam saTanado kvlevis Sedegad daaskvna, rom qarTul mat-
ianeTa antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia (`mefeni qarTls Sina warmarTni~)
_ warmoadgens istoriuli sinamdvilis Semcvel dokuments, romelic mom-
dinareobs winaqristianuli epoqis ZvelqarTuli saistorio wyaroebidan
(iqve, gv. 559).
farnavazma erT saxelmwifoSi gaaerTiana qarTuli tomebi, Sehkra isini
erT xalxad, man SesZlo aseve am saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi moeqcia
iberiul-kavkasiurad wodebuli, qarTvelTa monaTesave sxvadasxva tomebi.
kerZod, rogorc iTqva, iberielTa da armenielTa Soris sazRvari erT dros
mdinare araqsze gadioda. CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT qarTvelTa gavlenis
sferoSi, mematianes Tanaxmad, Sediodnen osTa, durZukTa da lekTa tomebi.
durZukebi da lekebi _ qarTvelTa monaTesaveebad uZveles drosve miiC-
neoda. osTa Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom rogorc wyaro miuTiTebs, osebi im
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 67
droisaTvis ar miiCneodnen iranulenovan tomebad, aramed iTvlebodnen
qarTvelTa monaTesave kavkasiur (adgilobriv) tomad. Cveni matianes Tanax-
mad, osebi yofilan STamomavalni xazarTa mefis Zisa uobosisa _ `mrovelis
warmodgeniT, uobos xazarTa mefisSvili yofila, xolo osebi TiTqos am
uobosis, e.i. xazarTa da qarTvelTa da somexTa tyveebis `naTesavebi~, anu
STamomavalni yofilan. e.i. narevi erovneba yofila~ (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli
eris istoriis Sesavali, t. I, 1950 w. gv. 277).
aqedan Cans, rom farnavazis epoqaSi osebi marTalia narev, magram mainc
qarTvelTa monaTesave tomad miiCneoda. osebi _ romelTac Semdgom alane-
bi ewodaT _ ucxoelTa mier iberielebad miiCneodnen _ `XI saukunis
bizantieli mwerali ioane cece amtkicebs: iberebi, abazgebi da alanebi erT
xalxs Seadgendneno, xolo XV saukunis somexi mematiane Toma mewofeli
ganumartavs mkiTxvelebs, rom qarTvelTa saxlSi, e.i. qarTul erovnul-
kulturul gaerTianebaSi Sedis rva tomi _ qarTebi (`vracebi~), imerlebi,
megrelebi, svanebi, afxazebi, mesxebi, dvalebi da osebi~ (s. janaSia, t. V, gv.
12). Semdgomi saukunis evropeli avtoric aseve miiCnevs _ `Striteri
Tavisi Sromis nawilSi, sadac laparakia zemo iberiis mezoblad binadar
alanebze, kategoriuli da sruli eWvmiutanlobis kiloTi acxadebs, rom
esenic iberielebi ariano~ (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, gv. 174).
dvalebs, marTalia, ratomRac durZukTa toms aTvlidnen bolo dromde,
magram sinamdvileSi qarTvelebi iyvnen. Semdgom moxda dvalTa tomis iraniza-
cia, gaoseba. SesaZlebelia, Tavdapirvelad osebad saxeldebuli tomic ar
iyo iranulenovani da Semdgom, Sua saukuneebis manZilze, Crdilo kavkasia-
Si moxda osebis gairanulenovneba.
sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom alanebi iranulenovani tomi iyo, magram
arc is unda darCes uyuradRebod, rom sakmaod didi nawili Zveli istori-
kosebisa alanebs, qarTvel istorikosTa msgavsad, xazarul (e.i. Turqul)
kavkasiur warmomavlobis tomad miiCnevda. magaliTad, XIV saukunis arabi
geografi alanebs Turqulenovan xalxad Tvlida, is erT alanur qalaqze
werda _ `is dasaxlebulia alani xalxiT, da isini Turqebi arian _ romelnic
gaqristiandnen~. XV saukuneSi i. Siltbergeri iyo asebTan (osebTan) da
alanebTan. isini Turme maSin RmerTs TaTrul enaze adidebdnen (ix. f. burn,
`puteSestvie ivana Siltbergera...~, wigni `zapiriski imperatorskogo no-
vorosiiskogo universiteta~. t. I, vi p. 1 da 2. odessa 1867, gv. 31-33). prof.
n. baskakovis Tanaxmad, Cinur wyaroebSi moxsenebuli tomi iaoSe (iasebi,
osebi) Turquli warmoSobisa yofila. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom yaraCaevel da
balyarel istorikosebs TavianTi tomebi alanuri warmoSobisad, alanebi ki
Turqul-xazarul warmoSobisad miaCniaT. am mxriv, Cans aris raRac saerTo
Zvel qarTul da ucxour wyaroTa Soris.
farnavazis droisaTvis sruliad SesaZlebelia, osebi iseve yofiliyo
iberiul-kavkasiuri warmomavlobis tomi, rogorc sxva mezobeli tomebi.
68 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
farnavazis saxelmwifo faqtobrivad mTel kavkasias aerTianebda Tavis
gavlenis sferoSi, magram yvelaze arsebiTi isaa, rom qarTvel tomTa gamae-
rTianebeli saxelmwifos Seqmnam saxelmwifosave meSveobiT SesaZlebeli
gaxada qarTvelTa erovnebis formireba, erTiani xalxis, eris Camoyalibeba.
sazogadod cnobilia, rom saxelmwifos aqvs Tviseba erTian xalxad Camoay-
alibos saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, aseTive Tvisebebis iyo, cxadia,
qarTuli erTiani saxelmwifoc. miT umetes, rom qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad,
farnavazis mier Camoyalibebulma saxelmwifom iarseba TiTqmis aTasi weli.
kerZod, es saxelmwifo daSlila vaxtang gorgasalis Svilebis Semdgom VI
saukuneSi _ ase gadmogvcems `qarTlis cxovrebac~ da `moqcevaA qarTlisaAc~.
qarTveli eris Camoyalibebis dros Sesaxeb laparakia qvemoT, xolo aq
unda iTqvas, rom farnavazis epoqaSi qarTvelTa erTianobas miuTiTebs
ZvelqarTuli gvarebis formaTa erTianoba uZveles saqarTveloSi. gamokv-
levebiT dadgenilia, rom uZvelesi gvaris aRmniSvneli sufiqsi egrisSi, anu
samegreloSi iyo `iani~ (misgan iqna Semdgom miRebuli daboloeba `ia~, `va~
da sxva). uZvelesi sagvarovano sufiqsi svaneTSi iyo da aris `iani~. uZve-
lesi sagvarovano sufiqsi sruliad saqarTvelos mTianeTSi _ fSav-xev-
sureTidan svaneTamde iyo `iani~ (saojaxod, saSinaod amJamadac `ian~ formebi
ixmareba). uZvelesi sagvarovano sufiqsi saqarTvelos barSic iyo _ `iani~.
ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi: Zvel wyaroebSi erTaderTi damaboloebe-
li sufiqsi _ `iani~-a _ gvarebSi _ `farnavaziani~, `xosroiani~, `arSakuni-
ani~, `baqariani~, `reviani~ (q. c. gv. 138). `maruSiani~, `bagratoniani~ (q. c. gv.
251). `ariSiani~ (q. c. gv. 328). `barabiani~ (q. c. 116). `bivritiani~ (erisTavi
oZrxisa) q. c. 185). `goderZiani~ (es gvaria, rac iqedan Cans, rom mravlobi-
Tis formiTaa wyaroSi mocemuli _ `goderZianni tbelni~), (q. c. gv. 248).
iqvea `mameanni~, `mame-i-ani. `Targamosianni~ _ eTnarqebi. Savliani (ivane _
afxazeTis mefe. 258). `kavkasianni~ _ sadaurobis aRsaniSnavad (130). `nebro-
Tianni~, `nersiani~ (nerse _ qarTlis erisTavi, 241), `qarTlosianni~ (qarT-
losis STamomavalni, 27), juanSeriani (juanSeri-istorikosi, gv. 248) da sxva
uamravi.
marTalia, zogierT SemTxvevaSi CamonaTvali jer kidev ar aris namdvili
gvar-saxelebi da aRniSnuli forma pirTa STamomavlobas miuTiTebs, magram
isini sagvareulo saxelebad iqcnen ZiriTadad. `ian~ sufiqsiT, rogorc
aRiniSna, mTel saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi arsebobda gvarebi (gvar-saxele-
bi). amis dasturia megrul-svanuri da mTiuluri uZvelesi formebi. s.
janaSia wers _ `gabatonebuli unda yofiliyo gvar-saxelebis es forma
samegreloSic... megruli `ia~ _ `ianis~ naSTia. es cxadi xdeba, kerZod,
cnobil gvar-saxelTa istoriul da cocxal formaTa SedarebiT, amrigad,
istoriulsa da literaturul (dadians, lipartians, ratians, bedians megrul
cocxal metyvelebaSi udris: dadia, li partia, ratia, bedia... bolokidur _
n-s dakargva niSandoblivia megrulisaTvis (s. janaSia, t. III, 1959, gv. 40-41).
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 69
iqve s. janaSias ganxiluli aqvs `ian~ formis gamoyeneba gvar-saxelebi-
savis aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi (mTiuleTi, raWa,
leCxumi, svaneTi). _ `gvar-saxelebis es daboloeba Tavdapirvelad gavr-
celebuli iyo, Cans, yvela qarTul tomSi, da qarTvelurs patronomistikul
morfologiaSi igi erTi yvelaze adrindeli movlenaTagania. droTa vi-
TarebaSi es forma zogs qarTvel tomSi dasustda, zogan TiTqmis mTlad
daikarga~ (iqve, gv. 35).
Cven vfiqrobT, rom eTnikuri erTianoba qarTveli tomebisa farnavazianTa
saxelmwifoSi (qristeSobamde III saukunidan VI-mde) gacilebiT ufro Rrma
iyo, vidre am saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg (VI s.). rogorc cnobilia, pirve-
li erTiani saxelmwifos daSlidan mxolod oriode saukunis Semdeg, VIII-
IX saukuneebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi Camoyalibda erTmaneTi-
sagan damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi, ramac, cxadia, qarTuli tomebi erTma-
neTs ufro daaSora (zemoT aRniSnuli erTiani niSnebis `dasusteba~ da
`dakargva~ amis Sedegi unda iyos), marTalia, Semdeg arsebobda erTiani
saxelmwifo (XI-XV ss), ramac xeli Seuwyo konsolidacias, magram Semdgom-
ma kvlav daSlam gaaRrmava svanur, megrul, gurul, imerul, qarTlur, kaxur
da sxva eTnografiul jgufSi individualuri Tvisebebi. farnavazis sax-
elmwifos dros ki erTiani erovnuli niSnebi Rrma iyo.
qarTuli saRvTismsaxuro
anbanis fuZisdeba
saukuneTa da aTaswleulTa manZilzec, qarTveli xalxi sargeblobs erovnu-
li anbaniT. arsebobs misi ori saxeoba _ xucuri da mxedruli. TviT sityva
`xucuri~ miuTiTebs, rom is RvTis sadideblad eklesiaSi, samRvdeloebis
(xucebis) mier ixmareboda. xucuri anbaniTaa dawerili Cveni uflisa da
macxovris ieso qristes pirveli qarTuli saxarebani, Zveli da axali
aRTqmis wignebi.
xucuri _ srulyofili anbania imiT, rom mas aqvs e.w. mTavruli da
nusxuri asoebi, rogorc sxva evropul anbanebs, maSin roca mxedruls _
mTavruli asoebi ar gaaCnia. miRebulia, rom mTavruli pirvelsafuZvelia
misgan ganviTarebuli nusxuri da mxedruli asoebisa, isini qarTuli Srif-
tis saxeobebia. mxedruli SemoRebulia XI saukunis Semdeg, manamde VIII-IX
saukuneebSi gamoiyeneboda nusxa-xucuri, V-VII saukuneebSi asomTavrul-
xucuri. aseTi periodizacia pirobiTia. rogorc aRiniSna, miRebulia, rom
asomTavrulis ganviTarebis Sedegadaa miRebuli _ nusxa-xucuri, am uka-
nasknelisagan ki mxedruli, Tumca ZvelTaganve paralelurad ixmareboda
samive, gansakuTrebiT ki wina ori. saeklesio da saRvTismsaxuro saWi-
roebisaTvis saqarTveloSi yovelTvis xucuri anbani gamoiyeneboda.
70 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
ivane javaxiSvili uZveles, V saukunisad miCneul, qarTul warweraze
dakvirvebiT werda: `jer xanad cnobili qarTuli damwerlobis Zeglebi
iseTi maRalxarisxovani kaligrafiuli ganviTarebis safexurs warmoad-
genen, rom qarTuli anbanis dasawyisi xana sul cota 7-8 saukunis uwinares
aris sagulisxmebeli~. mecnierebaSi miRebuli iyo azri, rom Cvenamde moR-
weuli qarTuli alfabeti qristeSobamde VII-VI saukuneebSi unda war-
moSobiliyo finikur-semituri saanbano sistemidan.
saerTod cnobilia, rom anbani pirvelad finikielebma Camoayalibes, masSi
yoveli aso gamoxatavda erT romelime bgeras da yoveli bgera gadmocemuli
iyo erTi romelime asoTi. am anbanma udidesi gavrceleba hpova msoflioSi,
pirvel rigSi finikur-semituri anbani TviT semituri modgmis erTa Soris
gavrcelda, misgan mravali axali damwerloba gaCnda. dasavleTis mimarTulebiT
yvelaze adre finikiuri anbani berZnebma SeiTvises, misganac mravali axali
anbani warmoiqmna. berZnuli anbanis Tavdapirveli saxeoba zusti asli yofi-
la finikiuri anbanisa. finikiur anbans gavrceleba dauwyia qristeSobamde
IX saukunidan (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, gv. 124-125).
pavle ingoroyvas azriT, qarTuli anbani finikiurisagan miRebuli arameu-
lis erTi ganStoeba yofila. sxva TvalsazrisiT, is berZnulis mixedviT
SemuSavebula. ufro ki, rogorc aRiniSna, aRiarebulia Teoria, romlis mixed-
viTac, qarTuli uSualod finikiuri anbanisagan aris gadmoRebuli, iseve
rogorc berZnuli anbani.
sxvagan pavle ingoroyva wers: `qarTuli anbani ekuTvnis arqauli perio-
dis mcire aziis alfabetebis jgufs. qarTuli anbani araa Seqmnili Tan-
amedrove saqarTvelos teritoriaze, aramed igi Camoyalibebulia jer kidev
im xanaSi, rodesac xeTas qarTveli xalxis erTi nawili _ hiberebi (To-
belebi) da mesxebi mcire aziis teritoriaze mkvidrobdnen, hiberebs (To-
belebs) da mesxebs, rogorc irkveva, Tavdapirvelad ieroglifuri damwer-
loba hqondaT~ (p. ingoroyva, t. IV. gv. 247).
mecnieris azriT, xeTas qarTvelebi qristeSobamde VIII-VII saukuneebSi
gadasulan alfabetur damwerlobaze, risi damsaxurebac miaweres mesxTa,
anu frigielTa saxelganTqmul mefes miTas _ `miTa mesxs~. p. ingoroyvas
Tanaxmad, finikiuri alfabetis qarTul da berZnul enebTan morgebisaTvis
Seqmnila sagangebo komisia, romelsac es sakiTxi gadauWria. kerZod, del-
fosis samisnoSi aRniSnul komisias mouxdenia finikiuri uxmovnebo anbanis
vokalizacia _ SemouRia xmovani asoebi, daumatebia Tanxmovani bgerebi
qarTulisaTvis, romelnic finikiurs aklda (iqve, gv. 249).
qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis Sesaxeb sul sxva azrisaa T. gamyreliZe:
qarTuli anbani qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg saeklesio-samwignobro
saWiroebisaTvis Seqmnilao (gulisxmobs V saukunis Semdgom periods), ma-
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 71
gram TviT qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia, qristiani samRvdeloeba TiTqmis
aTasi wlis winac ki qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas ar akavSirebda qristianobis
gavrcelebasTan, piriqiT, ZvelqarTuli Rrmad morwmune sazogadoeba darw-
munebiT amtkicebda, rom qarTuli alfabeti (qarTuli mwignobroba) warmar-
Ti mefis, qristeSobamde aswleulobiT adre mcxovrebi farnavazis mier iyo
SemoRebuli.
cxadia, qarTuli anbani qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg rom warmoSobil-
iyo, xsovna am yovladmniSvnelovani ambisa uTuod Semoinaxeboda qarTul
eklesiaSi, saeklesio mwerlobaSi. bunebrivia ismeba kiTxva, Tuki anbani SemoRe-
bul iqna V saukunis Semdeg da ukavSirdeba qristianuli sarwmunoebis
gavrcelebas, TviTon qristianulma eklesiam (kerZod, eklesiis ierarqma
episkoposma leonti mrovelma) is ratom daukavSira warmarTul xanas,
warmarT mefes, miT umetes rom warmarTuli xanis qarTveloba qristianuli
xanis samRvdeloebis mier sakmaod velurad miiCneoda, rogorc es Zveli
wyaroebidan Cans?
rogorc aRiniSna, didi ivane javaxiSvili Rrma kvlevis Sedegad mivida
daskvnamde, rom qarTuli anbani warmarTuli, qristianobamdeli xanis produqtia.
leonti mroveli episkoposi ki mefe farnavazis damsaxurebaTa CamoTv-
lis dros wers _ `amanve Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli~. mefe farnavazs
miiCneven anbanis ara Semqmnelad, aramed manamde arsebulis gamavrcele-
blad, e.i. farnavazamde anbans ramdenime saukunis istoria hqonia.
s. janaSia wers _ `qarTuli anbanis mecnierulma Seswavlam gamoarkvia,
rom igi SeTvisebuli unda iyos mcire aziaSi ara ugvianes meSvide sauku-
nisa qristes win (ix. prof. iv. javaxiSvili, qarT. paleografia). msgavsi
alfabeturi damwerloba SeiZleboda mxolod ganviTarebis garkveul safex-
urze gaCeniliyo. manamde mcire aziaSi mcxovreb qarTvel tomebsac xato-
vani da lursmuli damwerloba unda exmaraT. am mxriT uaRresad sayura-
dReboa qarTuli termini `wera~, igi Tavdapirvelad `Wras~, `kveTas~ niSnav-
da, aqedanaa `weraqvi~, e.i. qvis saWreli, sakveTi; xvnis mniSvnelobisaa mTaSi
`wera~ da aqedan _ `wereuli~ _ `yanis nakrefi, Sekonvili~, `sawereli~, e.i.
mWameli, mWreli... werasTan dakavSirebuli meore mniSvnelovani terminis
warmoSobas gvixsnis `wertili~ (`werta~ zmnisagan nawarmoebi). `wertac~
xom Cxvletas, amokveTas, CaWras niSnavs. maSasadame, orive termini im xanisaa,
roca wera realurad iyo raime magar masalaze (qvaze, Tixis dafaze,
liTonze) amoWris, amokveTis procesi. Cven gvgonia, rom qarTvelma tomebma
Tavisi uZvelesi samSoblodan amierkavkasiaSi moitanes ara marto es ter-
minebi, aramed TviT saTanado damwerlobanic...~ (s. janaSia, t. III, gv. 192).
s. janaSiamde msgavsi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli damwerlobis siZvelis Sesaxeb
gamoTqmuli hqonda Teimuraz batoniSvils, Cans is eyrdnoboda sazogadoe-
baSi dacul Zvel gadmocemas, an romelime werilobiT wyaros: _ `ara
72 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
uwignoni iyvnen qarTvelni uwinaresTa JamTaca Sina. vidre farnavazamde
swerdnen igini uxucesTa weriliTa. ese igi, qurumTa maT, romelTac uxuces-
Ta da xevisberTa uxmoben. igini iyvnen kerpTa mRvdelni da memsxverpleni
erisni `RmerTTa~ mimarT da werili maTi ars werili ese xucuri Cveni.
werilni xucesni pirvelsa Jamsa qmnil ars werilisagan ebraulisa da
qaldeurisa da msgavsica arian asoTa maTTa Cveni xucurni~ (T. bagrationi,
cxovreba, 1972, gv. 126).
Zvel saqarTveloSi xucur anbans akavSirebdnen ara berZnul, aramed
semitur alfabetTan.
Teimuraz bagrations mohyavs aseve Zveli gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac,
maStocis mier somxuri anbanis Seqmnamde somxebi ukve arsebuli qarTuli
mwignobrobiT sargeblobdnen, xolo maStocs somxuri anbanis zogierTi aso
qarTulis mimsgavsebiT Seuqmnia. rac Seexeba mwignobrobaso, _ wers Teimu-
raz bagrationi, `ara iyo maT (somexTa) Soris ZvelTa Sina saukuneTa... igini
(somxebi) sargeblobdes pirvel berZnuliTa wigniTa da qarTuliTa, qristes
mosvliTgan mravalTa welTa ganvles, merme qmnes somexTa werili Tvisi,
romelsac ityvian igini moZRvrisa maTisa mesrofisaTvis, viTarmed man ga-
nawesa da qmna asoni maTni, msgavsni qarTulis xucuris werilisa. werils
qarTulsa somxuri romelnime asoni hgvanan da ara yovelni. somexni vieT-
nime ityvian, rom somxuri wignis asoebi da qarTulis wignis asoebi xucu-
rio mesrofma gaakeTao. magram qarTuli xucuri asoebi mesrofs ar gaukTe-
bia, didi tyuili aris~ (iqve, gv. 126). es bolo winadadeba Tavisi gamokv-
levebiT daadastura iv. javaxiSvilma.
Teimurazi ganagrZobs: `sanam mesrof daibadeboda da am sofelSi Semov-
idoda, agreTve qarTuli xucuri wigni iyo da mesrofze uwin, saRmrTos
werilis mTargmnelni CvenTa wmidaTa mamaTagani mravalni iyvnes, romelnic
ebraulisagan da berZnulisa da asurulisagan qarTulad sTargmnidnen, da
odes srulebiT ara aqvndaT jer somexTa werilni TvisTa zeda enaTa
sargeblobdes da xmarobdes igi qarTuliTa wigniTa da weriliTa~ (iqve).
mecnierTa erTi nawilis TvalsazrisiT, mefe farnavazma anbani ki ar
Seqmna, aramed man ukve arsebuli, mosaxleobis mxolod erTi nawilisaTvis
cnobili damwerloba, sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi gaavrcela.
ramaz patariZis TvalsazrisiT, romelic eyrdnoba qarTuli asomTavru-
li aso-niSnebis grafikul analizs, qarTuli damwerloba Seqmnilia finiki-
uri damwerlobis safuZvelze qristeSobamde mexuTe saukunis dasasruls
(ix. r. patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, 1980, gv. 268). anbani qarTvel qurum-
Ta wiaRSi Seqmnila.
r. patariZem Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad daadastura sxva mecnierTa mier
gamoTqmuli mosazrebani, rom qristeSobamde 284 weli aris sruliad qarTuli
saxelmwifo damwerlobis oficialurad SemoRebis TariRi da agreTve qarTuli
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 73
erovnuli welTaRricxvis dasabami. qristeSobamde 284 wels gasula far-
navaz mefis gamefebidan 19 weli. is vaxuStis Tanaxmad, gamefebula 303
wels.
284 welTan dakavSirebiT vaxuSti wers: `am farnavazis mefobis iT (19)
wels qarTuli xuTiaTasiani qoronikoni i-jer (10-jer) mobrunebuli ganvi-
da da meTerTmete iwyebis~ (iqve, gv. 305). aq igulisxmeba 532-wliani didi
indiqtioni, romlis safuZvels mzis 28-wliani da mTvaris 19-wliani cikle-
bi warmoadgens, is nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebam daakanona. ase rom,
vaxuStis mier naxsenebi `qarTuli qoronikoni~ farnavazTan dakavSirebiT
anaqronizmia, romlis Sesaxebac r. patariZe wers _ `iqneb saxelovani
mecnieri aq zogadad qarTuli welTaRricxvis dasabams gulisxmobdes, romel-
ic gvian qarTuli qoronikonuli welTaRricxvis dasabamic gaxda~ (iqve, gv.
306). mecnieris daskvniT, 284 weli aris ara marto qarTuli damwerlobis
SemoRebis TariRi, aramed qarTuli warmarTuli welTaRricxvis dasabamic.
rogorc aRiniSna, 284 wels qristeSobamde 10X532 weli gasula, anu 5332
weli dasabamidan.
dasabamidan, anu qveynis gaCenidan qristeSobamde qarTuli angariSiT
sul gasula 284+(10X532)=5604 weli.
saerTod qristianul qveynebSi miRebuli iyo welTaRricxvis sami siste-
ma: `qristesiT~, `dasabamidan~ da `qoronikoniT~. `qristesiT~ welTaRricxva
_ amJamad gamoiyeneba msoflios yvela qveyanaSi. welTaRricxva qoroni-
koniT, rogorc aRiniSna, 532-wliani cikliT xdeboda. saerTod, qarTuli
qoronikonis dasawyisis TariRad miCneuli iyo 780 weli. 781 weli aris
pirveli weli qarTuli qoronikonis me-13 moqcevisa, xolo qristeSobamde
284 weli _ me-10 moqcevisa. am wlidan 2-jer 532 wlis gavlis, anu ori
moqcevis Semdeg dadga 780 weli. xolo dasabami am moqcevebisa qarTuli
welTaRricxviT (aTvlis wertili) aris 5604 weli qristemde, anu `dabade-
bidan~ _ qveynis gaCenidan qristemde qarTuli welTaRricxva iTvlis aRniSnul
(5604) wels. adamidan qristes Sobamde, anu `dasabamiTganis~ saxeliT cno-
bili welTaRricxva sxvadasxva saxis iyo ZvelTaganve. ZiriTadad cnobilia
`dasabamiTganis~ Semdegi variaciebi: 1. 5198 weli _ evsevi kesarielisa, 2.
5492 weli _ pandore aleqsandrielisa, 3. 5500 weli _ aniane aleqsandri-
elisa, 4. 5508 weli _ bizantielebisa anu bizantiuri era, 5. qarTuli era _
5604 weli _ qarTuli `dasabamiTgani~ (ix. iqve, gv. 75).
`unda davaskvnaT: qarTuli dasabamiTganis gamosavali TariRi yofila
Zv.w.aR-is 284 weli. 5604-wlian qristianul qarTul dasabamiTgans safuZv-
lad dasdebia damwerlobis SemoRebis qarTuli warmarTuli TariRi _ 284
weli Zveli welTaRricxvisa~ (iqve, gv. 75).
qarTul anbanSi iyo 37 aso-niSani. Zvelad ricxvis aRsaniSnavad anbanis
asoebi ixmareboda.
74 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
aso-niSnebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba da anbanuri saTvalavi aseTia:
1. a _ a _ an 19. r _ r _ rae
2. b _ b _ ban 20. s _ s _ san
3. g _ g _ gan 21. t _ t _ tar
4. d _ d _ don 22. Â _ Y _ Yie
5. e _ e _ en 23. f _ f _ far
6. v _ v _ vin 24. q _ q _ qan
7. z _ z _ zen 25. R _ R _ Ran
8. Ù _ C _ he 26. y _ y _ yar
9. T _ T _ Tan 27. S _ S _ Sin
10. i _ i _ in 28. C _ C _ Cin
11. k _ k _ kan 29. c _ c _ can
12. l _ l _ las 30. Z _ Z _ Zil
13. m _ m _ man 31. w _ w _ wil
14. n _ n _ nar 32. W _ W _ War
15. Ù _ Ù _ Ae 33. x _ x _ xan
16. o _ o _ on 34. Ù _ K _ xar
17. p _ p _ par 35. j _ j _ jan
18. J _ J _ Jan 36. h _ h _ hae
37. H _ Ù _ hoi
1. _ a 13. _ m 25. _ R
2. _ b 14. _ n 26. _ y
3. _ g 15. _ A 27. _ S
4. _ d 16. _ o 28. _ C
5. _ e 17. _ p 29. _ c
6. _ v 18. _ J 30. _ Z
7. _ z 19. _ r 31. _ w
8. _ H 20. _ s 31. _ w
9. _ T 21. _ t 32. _ W
10. _ i 22. _ u 33. _ x
11. _ k 23. _ f 34. _ K
12. _ l 24. _ q 35. _ j
76 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
am sqemiT: anbanis 7 aso-niSani Svideuli dRe-Rame anu erTi msgefsia,
anbanis 12 aso-niSani weliwadis 12 Tvea. anbanis 19 aso-niSani mzisa da
mTvaris 19-wliani ciklia. anbanis 24 aso-niSani dRe-Ramis 24 saaTia.
anbanis 31 aso-niSani nakiani weliwadis oTxwliani da 128-wliani ciklebia.
anbanis 5 ukanaskneli aso-niSani (wil-jan) weliwadis 5 epagomeni dRe-Ramea
(r. patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, 1980, gv. 526).
Cvens eklesiaSi amJamadac gamoyenebulia romauli, iuliusis uZravi we-
liwadis kalendari, romliTac weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365,25 dRe-Ramea,
sam weliwads weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365 dRe-Ramea, xolo meoTxe weli-
wads _ 366 dRe-Rame, e.i. meoTxe weliwadi nakiania. iuliusis kalendariT,
wlis bolos epagomenebis 5 da 6 dRis darTva moSlilia. manamde gamoyeneb-
ul uZveles kalendarul sistemebSi weliwadis xangrZlivobas 360 dRe-
RamiT gansazRvravdnen (egvi ptesa da sxvagan). weliwadSi egvi ptelebi 12
Tves angariSobdnen, yovel TveSi 30 dRes, wlis bolos zeimobdnen 5 sa-
dResaswaulo dRes (5 epagomens), amitomac egvi pturi mzis weliwadis xangr-
Zlivoba 365 dRe-Rames Seadgenda, maSin, roca realuri, anu tropikuli
weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365, 2422 dRe-Ramea, e.i. egvi pturi kalendari
arazusti iyo. qristeSobamde 46 wels romSi iulius keisris mier ganxor-
cielebuli kalendari ufro zusti iyo, romliTac weliwadis xangrZlivoba
365,25 dRe-Ramea, isic arazustia, radganac tropikul weliwads aRemateba
wuTebiTa da wamebiT, rac 128 weliwadSi iZleva 1 dRe-Ramis sxvaobas. es
Seusabamoba gaaswora grigorianulma kalendarma 1582 wels. qarTul war-
marTul kalendars saukuneebiT adre SedarebiT sworad gamouxatavs tropiku-
li weliwadis xangrZlivoba. es r. patariZis dakvirvebiT ase ganxorciele-
bula: qarTuli kalendriT TveSi aris 30 dRe-Rame, weliwadSi _ 12 aseTi
Tve, xolo wlis bolos emateba 5 kalendaruli dRe-Rame, nakian wels ki _ 6
da aseve 0,25 dRe-Rame. kerZod, es ase xdeba: qarTuli anbanis 30 aso-niSani
(maTi saxeldebis princi pis safuZvelze dayrdnobiT) _ gamoxatavs 30
kalendarul dRe-Rames, qarTuli anbanis ukanaskneli 5 aso-niSani wlis
bolos dasarTveli kalendaruli dRe-Ramea. anbaniT gamoxatulia mzis
weliwadis formulac. kerZod, anbanis meTormete asoTi (`lasi~), romlis
ricxviTi mniSvneloba aris 30. am formulis ZiriTadi elementia: 12l30.
`asomTavruli `lasi~ qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis 30 kalendarul aso-
niSans _ 30 kalendarul dRe-Rames 12-jer angariSobs. amitomac, qarTuli
asomTavruli anbanis 5 darCenili aso-niSani is 5 kalendaruli dRe-Ramea,
romelic wlis bolos, axali wlis dadgomamde 360 dRe-Rames emateba
epagomenebis saxiT, raTa weliwadis xangrZlivobis mzis Zvel-egvi pturi
kalendaruli sistema ganxorcieldes~ (iqve, gv. 412). `lasis~ formuliT,
weliwadSi 365 dRea. 12l30=12X30=360 da 5 epagomeni, sul 365 dRe-Rame.
yoveli sami wlis Semdeg ki weliwadis xangrZlivoba qarTuli warma-
rTuli kalendriT 366 dRe-RamiT ganisazRvreboda. es xorcieldeboda
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 77
anbanis aso-niSan `wilis~ formuliT. misi anbanuri da rigiTi saTvalavi,
aseTia: 31 wili 4000=31w4000 anu 3+1w4000.
`rogorc `wili~ cxadyofs, erTxel yovel oTx weliwadSi, e.i. nakian
weliwads 365 dRe-Rames erTi _ 31-e dRe-Rame emateba, amis gamo, yovel oTx
weliwadSi erTxel weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365+1=366 dRe-Ramea. amgvarad
aso-niSani `wili~ yovel oTx weliwadSi erTxel 30 dRe-Ramis nacvlad 31
dRe-Rames angariSobs, xolo es saidumlo `wili~-s rigiTi saTvalaviT aris
gancxadebuli~ (iqve, gv. 422).
amas Turme miuTiTebs aRniSnuli asos rigiTi saTvalavi _ 31 (es aris
3+1 e.i. 3 sruli, 1 nakiani), ricxviTi mniSvneloba _ 4000 (`aTasi weli
viTarca erTi dRe~ _ 4000=4-s, e.i. oTx weliwadSi erTxel damateba). misi
anbanuri saTvalavia, (romlis mixedviTac ricxvi 31 iwereba) _ `la~, rac
udris 30+1-s, anu 30-dRian Tveebs erTiT meti Tve emateba saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, (formulis Sesabamisad), amasve Turme miuTiTebs am aso-niSanis
saxeli _ sityva `wili~, rac nawils, wilads aRniSnavs. mas anbanSi dafaru-
li mniSvnelobac hqonia, rogorc amis Sesaxeb wers `qebaA da didebaA
qarTulisa enisaA~, romelSic aseve aRniSnulia: `wili~ asoA ars da ityvis
yovlad oTx aTassa da ese ars oTxi `rameTu aTasi viTarca erTi~, e.i. w=4,
rac `dafarulad unda acxadebdes, rom 4 wili erTi dRe-Ramea, amitom
`wili~ aso-niSani kalendarulad weliwadSi dRe-Ramis naoTxalia, dRe-
Ramis meoTxedia, oTx weliwadSi ki erTi kalendaruli dRe-Ramea~ (iqve, gv.
422).
sabolood qarTuli kalendriT weliwadis xangrZlivoba Seadgens 365,25
dRe-Rames (3X365 da 1X366), magram Turme tropikul weliwads anbanSi
ganxorcielebuli qarTuli kalendari kidev sxva sistemebiT uaxlovdeba,
rac gadmocemuli aqvs Tavis wignSi r. patariZes.
qarTuli anbanis saSualebiT gadmocemuli yofila aseve mTvaris kalendaric.
qarTuli anbaniT mTvaris kalendari Semdegi sistemiTaa gadmocemuli:
anbanis aso-niSanTa saxelwodebani, maTi rigiTi da anbanuri saTvalavi
kalendris gasaRebs warmoadgens. qarTuli anbanis kalendaruli monaceme-
bi gamowvlilviT aqvs mimoxiluli Tavis wignSi r. patariZes. masve sruli-
ad ueWvelad aqvs dasabuTebuli qarTuli anbanis grafikuli moxazulobis
finikiuridan warmomavloba. patariZis azriT, qarTuli anbani SeumuSavebi-
aT qurumebs qristeSobamde 412 wels, rac imavdroulad kalendris SemoRe-
basac niSnavda. 128 wlis Semdeg qristeSobamde 284 wels dawyebula qarTuli
saxelmwifo erovnuli welTaRricxva.
qarTuli anban-kalendris Semoqmed qurumebs babilonel, qaldevel da
berZen maTematikosTa miRwevebze daufuZnebiaT TavianTi Sroma. iv. javaxiS-
vilis, s. janaSias da sxva mecnierTa Sromebze dayrdnobiT, erTi mxriv, Cven
Tu vaRiarebT, rom qristeSobamde VII-V saukuneebSi saqarTvelos moaSures
Zveli damsxvreuli civilizaciis namsxvrevma tomebma, STamomavlebma xu-
78 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
ritebisa, qaldevelebisa, Tobalebisa Tu muSqebisa, unda vaRiaroT isic, rom,
maTma inteleqtualurma nawilma Tan moitana Zveli aRmosavleTis astrono-
miuli, maTematikuri codna, sarwmunoeba da kultura.
Zveli qaldevelebis kulturas udidesi gavlena mouxdenia sxva qveyneb-
is kulturaze. maTgan gavrcelebula ricxviTi mistika, maTematikuri codna,
romelic ganuyofeli nawili yofila qaldeuri mecnierebisa da kultur-
isa. ricxviTi mistikis akvnad da aseve sxva saidumlo mecnierebis kerad
ZvelTaganve iTvleboda qaldea. saberZneTSi qaldeuri swavleba piTagores
ganuviTarebia (ix. iqve. i. Cistiakovis da sxvaTa Sromebze miTiTeba gv. 487).
r. patariZis azriT, swored qarTuli piTagorelebis mier unda Seqmniliyo
qarTuli anbani, romelSic dasturdeba codna, rogorc aRmosavluri, ise
dasavluri civilizaciisa. saqarTveloSi Semosul odesRac didi civili-
zaciis memkvidre qarTul tomebs unda SemoetanaT egvi pturi mzisa da
babilonuri mTvaris kalendrebi, romelnic Semdgom qarTul anban-kalen-
darSi SenivTda. qarTuli anban-kalendari, msgavsad piTagoruli moZRvreb-
isa _ saidumlo yofila. is mxolod qurumTa viwro wreSi yofila cnobili,
farnavazis dros mas ramdenadme gavrceleba miuRia sruliad saqarTve-
los qurumTa Soris. qristeSobis Semdeg, qristian qarTvelobas swored es
ukve arsebuli anbani gamouyenebia saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis. ufro metic,
qarTuli anbani nawilobriv, r. patariZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, safuZvlad
dasdebia somxuri anbanis Seqmnis princi ps (ix. iqve, gv. 528-596), rasac
ufro adrec miuTiTebdnen qarTveli istorikosebi.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom anbani, romliTac daiwera qarTul enaze axali aRTqma,
bibliis wignebi, locvebi, qadagebani, romelsac efuZneboda aTaswleulTa
manZilze naweriT gadmocemuli saRmrTo didebismetyveleba, SeuZlebelia
Seqmniliyo suliwmindis monawileobis gareSe. uTuod qarTuli xucuri
anbani suliwmindis Cagonebis Sedegia. dideba mas!
Tavi II
`u e W v e l i a , r o m C v e n s x a l x s o r i a T a s i
we l iwa d i u c x o v r i a T a v i s i s c x o v r e b i T a
d a T v i T m o q m e d e b i T a~
ilia marTali
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 105
saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba
qarTuli eklesiisa
a) saerTo ena
iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebisTvis cnobilia, rom uZveles dros
arsebobda qarTvel tomTaSorisi saerTo ena — fuZe ena. qarTebs, megrel-
Wanebs da svanebs erT dros hqoniaT saerTo fuZe ena, romelic SemdegSi
daiyo.
enobrivi erTobis daSlis dasawyisad miRebulia sxvadasxva TariRebi.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, es enobrivi erToba daSlila ara sxvagan, aramed kavkasia-
Si. saerTo enobrivi erTobis mqone~ qarTveluri jgufis adgilsamyofeli am
droisaTvis mainc Tamamad SeiZleba kavkasiis miwa-wyalze vivaraudoT~.102
`mkvlevarTa azriT, II aTaswleulis dasawyisisaTvis, unda dawyebuliyo
saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe enidan svanuris gamocalkevebis procesi, xolo
qarTul-zanuri enobrivi erTobis daSlis dasawyisi Zv.w.aR-is VIII saukuniT
unda daTariRdes...~103
`adreantikur xanaSive (Zv.w. VI-IVss.) unda Camoyalibebuliyo gansxvaveba
(eniT da sxv.) megrul-Wanur (zanur) da qarTis tomebs Soris~.104
mecnierTa azriT, qristemde VIII saukuneSi qarTebsa da megrel-Wanebs
hqoniaT saerTo ena, xolo VI-IV saukuneebSi ukve arsebula gansxvaveba.
rogori saxis iyo es gansxvaveba?
`ra Tqma unda, enobrivi da sxva saxis gansxvaveba am dros bevrad
naklebi unda yofiliyo, vidre SemdegSi~.105 enobrivi gansxvaveba VI-IV sauku-
neebSi qristemde qarTebis enasa da megrul-Wanebis enas Soris `bevrad
naklebi~, anu didi ar yofila. amis mizezi is iqneboda, rom enobrivi
erTobis daSlis procesi axali dawyebuli yofila. dawyebula VIII sauku-
neSi (qristemde) da maleve, daaxloebiT IV-III saukuneebSi (qristemde) yal-
ibdeba erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo.
`qarTlis (iberiis) erTiani didi samefos warmoqmna dedaqalaqiT mcx-
eTaSi, rogorc Cans, marTebuli iqneba, rom Zv.w.aR-is IV-III ss. davukav-
SiroT~.106
cnobilia, rom erTiani saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifo `qarTlis samefos~
saxelwodebiT Seiqmna egriselTa uSualo da aqtiuri monawileobiT, kerZod,
farnavazi ver Seqmnida `qarTlis samefos~, mas rom ar mieRo egrisis mmarTve-
lis, qujis daxmareba. `farnavazi... ukavSirdeba egrisis mmarTvel qujis~.107
saerTo qarTuli samefos Seqmnis Semdeg am samefoSi Sevida mTliani
egrisi, is `qarTlis samefos~ mkvidri nawili gaxda. `SemodgomiT farnavazi
mcxeTaSi cxovrobda, zamTarSi _ gaCianSi, xolo zafxuls wundaSi atareb-
da. zogjer moinaxulebda klarjeTs da egriss~.108
farnavazamde azoc hereT-egris-qarTlis mmarTveli _ `qarTlis mefe~
yofila: `qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT azo... imorCilebs qarTlTan erTad
hereTs... das. saqarTvelos (egriss)~.109
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 137
cnobilia (`qarTlis cxovreba~ da Semdegdroindeli istorikosebi amas
xazgasmiT aRniSnaven), rom qarTuli ena farnavaz mefem gamoacxada saxelm-
wifo enad. mas es RonisZieba cxovrebaSi mkacrad gautarebia _ qarTlis
samefoSi sxva ena qarTuli enis garda oficialurad ar ixmareboda. am
dros sxvaoba qarTebisa da egriselebis metyvelebaSi TiTqmis ar arsebob-
da an dialeqtur doneze iyo. ase rom, qarTuli ena egriselebisaTvis
mSobliuri ena iyo. qarTuli ena iyo kultis msaxurebis, qveynis kulturu-
li fenebis, aristokratiis, saxelmwifo moxeleebis, zedafenis ena, e.i. salit-
eraturo ena.
marTlac, mecnierTa azriT, `warsulSi iberiul-kavkasiur enebs meti siaxlove
axasiaTebdaT, vidre axla vxedavT. zedapirze sxvaoba Cans, siRrmiseul fenaSi
sxvaoba mcirdeba, saerTo matulobs. saerTo Zvelia, gansxvaveba _ axali~.110
mecnierebis mier garkveulia, rom qristianobamde qarTvelebis yvela
toms hqonia saerTo rwmena, arsebula saerTo qarTuli warmarToba. ivane
javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, rom svaneTSi warmarTuli sawesCveulebo kulti
qarTul enaze sruldeboda da ara svanur enaze. `ferxulis sityvebs
meferxule svanebi qarTulad warmosTqvamdnen.~111 Semdegma kvlevam aCvena,
rom `am wesebis ZvelqarTul saxelebTan erTad ferxulis qarTulad war-
moTqmis Cveuleba, ueWvelia, Tavdapirveli saerTo qarTuli wesis naSTi
unda iyos~.112 warmarTul wesebs, svaneTSi SemorCenils, hqonia qarTuli
terminologia, xolo TviT es wesebi qarTul enaze sruldeboda.
aseve yofila samegreloSic.
`iv. javaxiSvils saTanadod damtkicebuli aqvs, rom axalwlis dResaswaulis
Cveulebebis Tanaxmad, megreli mekvlec Tavis warmosaTqmel sityvebs megru-
lad ki ara, swored qarTulad ambobs xolme~.113
moyvanili faqtebi kidev erTxel amtkicebs im azrs, rom arsebobda saerTo
qarTuli ena — kultis msaxurebisa da sxvaTa Sesruleba xdeboda am
yvelasaTvis gasageb enaze, xolo SemdegSi (IV-III) es ena iqca saxelmwifo
enad.
ivane javaxiSvili sruliad samarTlianad daaskvnida miTiTebuli da
sxva monacemebis safuZvelze — `cxadi gaxdeba, rom aramcTu sazogado
qarTuli, yvela tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac saerTo
warmarToba arsebobda, aramed rom warmarTobis saerTo terminologiac,
saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~.114
ase rom, erTiani saxelmwifos — `qarTlis samefos~ warmoqmnamde (qristemde
IV-III saukuneebSi) da, cxadia, mis Semdegac, yvela qarTul toms — qarTebs
— megrelebsa da svanebs — hqoniaT saerTo mSobliuri qarTuli ena, e.w.
saliteraturo ena.
enaTmecnierebi gamowvlilviTi analizis safuZvelze midian daskvnamde,
rom qarTuli saliteraturo enis formireba dawyebula ara V saukuneSi,
aramed bevrad ufro adre, SesaZloa, mexuTe saukuneSi qristeSobamde.
138 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
enaTmecnieri l. leJava wers `... sarwmunod SeiZleba miviCnioT. rom
Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis formireba dawyebulia V s-ze gacil-
ebiT ufro (SesaZlebelia, aTi saukuniT) adre~.115
cnobili mecnieri iv. gigineiSvili werda:
`axali saliteraturo enis sabolood Camoyalibebas Svidasze meti weli
dasWirda, misi Camoyalibeba mxolod me-19 saukuneSi gaxda SesaZlebeli da
es enac ki ar iyo iseTi srulyofili normebis mqone literaturuli ena,
rogoric Zveli qarTuli iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom am enis normalizaciisa
da srulyofisaTvis me-19 saukunis meore naxevridan mokidebuli gacilebiT
metad xelsayreli garemoeba da pirobebi arsebobda, vidre Zvel saqarTvelo-
Si. Tu axali saliteraturo enis sabolood Camoyalibebas amdeni dro
dasWirda, cxadia, advili warmosadgenia, Tu ramdeni saukune dasWirdeboda
Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis Camoyalibebasa da srulqmnas, vidre is
im doneze avidoda, rogorc saliteraturo ena, ra donezec dgas `SuSanikis
wamebis~, an oTxTavisa da bibliis qarTuli Targmanebis ena~.116
V saukunemde qarTul saliteraturo enas ganviTarebis grZeli gza unda
gaevlo. `ase ganviTarebuli da unificirebuli saliteraturo ena mxolod
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleboda Seqmniliyo.117
mecnieris SexedulebiT, mexuTe saukunemde bevrad ufro adre, jer kidev
mwerlobis warmoSobamde arsebobda saerTo-saxalxo ena. cxadia, es saerTo
saxalxo ena iyo saerTo qarTuli fuZe ena, romelic farnavaz mefem sax-
elmwifo enad gamoacxada. enobrivi erTobis dros es saerTo-saxalxo ena
gamoiyeneboda yvela qarTuli tomis mier kultis msaxurebisa da sxva
miznebisTvis.
saerTo-saxalxo ena, romelic batonobda dialeqtebze da imorCilebda
maT, mwerlobis warmoSobamdec unda yofiliyo.
samwerlo enis arseboba ki damwerlobis warmoSobidan iwyeba, e.i. V s-ze
gacilebiT ufro adre, qristianobamdel epoqaSi~.118
davaskvniT, rom jer kidev IV-III saukuneebSi qarTlis samefoSi, anu
aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovreb xalxs ukve hqonia eris rao-
bis ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mTavari elementi — kultmsaxurebis saerTo
qarTuli ena, romelsac hqonda dialeqtebi, rogorc yvela cocxal enas.
ekonomikuri kavSiri
d)
juanSeris Tanaxmad
egrisi `qarTlSi~ Semavali qveyanaa
Tavi III
` a m C v e n s , R v T i s m S o b l i s wi l a d x d o m i l s
qveyanas RvTismSoblisave locviT da
k u r T x e v i T m o e v l i n a z e ga r d m o S T a go n e b u l i
wm i d a q a lwu l i ... m o gv e v l i n a wm i d a n i n o ,
gv a m c n o d a gv a swa v a q r i s t e s r j u l i ...
qarTvelma am rjuls, am axals aRTqmas
S e u e r T a Z v e l i s a ga n y o v e l i v e i s , r a c k i r a m
Z v i r f a s i a a d a m i a n i s a T v i s ... S e u e r T a m a m u l i
d a e r o v n e b a . e s s a m i e r T m a n e T i s R i r s i s a ga n i
i s e C a iw n e n , i s e C a i q s o v n e n e r T m a n e TS i , r o m
r j u l i s d a c v a s a q a r T v e l o s m iwa -wy l i s
d a c v a d ga r d i q m n a~.
ilia marTali
178 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi
XXXIX `T - e~
Teodore
XL petre
XLI mamaA
XLII iovane
XLIII grigol
XLIV klementios
XLV sarmean
XLVI Talale
XLVII samovel
XLVIII kYrile
XLIX grigol
232 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
Tavi IV
` d i d - b u n e b o v a n k a c T a d a s a x e l o v a n gm i r T a
m a ga l i T e b i T i s t o r i a swu r T n i s e r s a ,
zrdis, da didebulni saqmeni kidev g uls
u k e T e b e n m o q m e d e b i s a T v i s , a q ez e b e n , a m x n e v e b e n ,
T u n a m e t n a v a d i s m a ga l i T e b i e r i s
s a k u T a r i s i s t o r i i s a n i a r i a n .~
ilia marTali
248 mitropoliti anania jafariZe
47
vaxtang gorgaslis cxovreba
Tavi V
`q r i s t e s r j u l i q a r T v e l e b i s a T v i s
m a r t o s a rwm u n o e b i T i a R s a r e b a k i a r i y o ,
igi a m a s T a n e r T a d p o l i t i k u r i q v i t k i r i c
i y o s a q a r T v e l o s m r a v a l n awi l e b i s
ga s a e r T e b l a d d a S e m o s a k r e b a d ...
qarTveli eri amisTvis ufrTxildeboda
T a v i s r j u l s , r o m e l i c T a v i s S i n a ga n
R i r s e b i s ga r d a , d u R a b o b a s uwe v d a e r T o b a s a .~
ilia marTali
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 339
Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom albaneTis saeklesio ena somxuri iyo da ara
mSobliuri albanuri ena. albaneTi iyo amierkavkasiis udidesi qveyana, gadaW-
imuli sevanis tbis mimdebare teritoriebidan vidre kaspiis zRvamde. al-
banelebi iberiul-kavkasiuri modgmis xalxi iyo, amitomac albanuri ena axlos
idga qarTvelur enebTan da sruliad gansxvavdeboda somxuri enisgan. garda
amisa, albaneTis eklesia iyo samociqulo, TavisTavadi eklesia, romelsac hyav-
da kaTalikosi, hqonda saeklesio ierarqia da mravali saepiskoposo.
arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom iyenebda albane-
Tis xalxi saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis ara albanur, aramed somxur enas.
erT-erTi mosazreba gamoTqmulia `Zveli msoflios istoriis~ III tomSi
(moskovi, 1982), romlis Tanaxmadac, albaneTi mravalerovani qveyana yofila,
ris gamoc SeuTvisebia samxreTeli mezoblebis yvela miRweva:
`samxreTeli mezoblebidan aTvisebul miRwevaTa Soris redkolegia qris-
tianobasac (monofizituri formiT) asaxelebs, Tanac Tu qristianobis pirv-
el wlebSi TviT somxeTSi RvTismsaxureba siriul enaze sruldeboda, `al-
baneTSi mwerlobisa da RvTismsaxurebis enad~ somxuria dasaxelebuli.
dapyrobil qveyanaSi gabatonebuli xalxi, rogorc cnobilia, yovelTvis
cdilobda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis asimilacias. am mxriv, rogorc zemoT
vaCveneT, gamonaklisi arc somxeTis saxelmwifo iyo, magram albaneTis ar-
menizaciis procesi Turme ZaldatanebiTi ar yofila. xSirad Tvlian, rom
roca somxeTis mefeebi albaneTis provinciebis xarjze TavianT teritorie-
bs afarToebdnen, ZaliT axdendnen adgilobrivi mosaxleobis armenizacias.
es Sexeduleba sruliad mcdaria. arc erTi Zveli saxelmwifo ar cdilob-
da ZaldatanebiT daenerga Tavisi ena ucxoenovan mosaxleobaSi. saerTod
ki albaneTis im provinciebis mosaxleobas, sadac somxebi batonobdnen,
`aravin uSlida saxlSi mSobliur enaze esaubraT~.35
albaneTi jer kidev IV-V saukuneebSi yofila nawilobriv armenizebuli
_ gasomxebuli. v. goilaZe wers _ `...akad. s. eremianis Tanaxmad, mtkvris
marjvena mxares mdebare albanuri olqebidan IV-V saukuneebSi arcaxi
mTlianad, xolo utiki nawilobriv iyo armenizebuli.~36 miuxedavad amisa,
albaneTSi V saukuneSi Seiqmna erovnuli anbani, mwerloba da albanuri
istoriografiac ki _ `rogorc Cans, albanelebs mokle drois ganmavloba-
Si hyavdaT TavianTi Zveli istorikosebi~, _ naTqvamia `Zveli msoflios
istoriis~ III tomSi. magram `albaneTSi literaturuli ena ar Seqmnila~.37
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria 353
arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. rogorc aRvniSneT, albanelma xalxma V saukuneSi
Seqmna sakuTari erovnuli damwerloba, da Seqmnila kidec albanuri liter-
aturis originaluri Zeglebi, romelTac Cvenamde ar mouRweviaT. damwerloba,
cxadia, gamoiyeneboda saeklesio albanurenovani wignebis saWiroebisaTvis.
aqedan Cans, rom V saukuneSi albaneTis eklesiebSi saeklesio enad albanuri
ena gamoiyeneboda, Tu mTel albaneTSi ara, mis zogierT kuTxeSi mainc. amasTanave
varaudoben, rom ukve VII saukunis albaneli istorikosi mose kalankatueli
Tavis Txzulebas wers ara albanur, aramed somxur enaze.
Tu V saukuneSi SemoRebuli albanuri damwerloba da albanurenovani
wignebi VII saukuneSi ukve aRar gamoiyeneboda albanelTa mier, Cans, am ori
saukunis Sua _ VI saukuneSi, albanur eklesiaSi moxda raRac cvlileba,
kerZod, albanurenovani wirva-locva Seicvala somxurenovani wirva-locviT.
marTlac, VI saukuneSi Zalze didi Zvrebi xdeba amierkavkasiis eklesie-
bSi. sparseTis mier dapyrobil amierkavkasiis qveynebSi eklesiebze zedamxed-
veloba moi pova somxeTis eklesiam. sparseTma somxur eklesias misca neba,
lideroba moepovebina amierkavkasiaSi (sparsul nawilSi). amis gamo am-
ierkavkasiis somxeTTan mosazRvre kuTxeTa eklesiebSi met-naklebad dain-
erga somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. albaneTi adreve, IV-V saukuneebSi met-
naklebad armenizebuli qveyana iyo, amitomac aq VI saukuneSi somxureno-
vani RvTismsaxurebis sayovelTaod gavrceleba Zneli ar iqneboda, amito-
mac somxurma saeklesio enam Secvala albanuri saeklesio ena. amis Semdeg
albaneTi somxurenovania saeklesio TvalsazrisiT. albanuri wignebi da
damwerloba maT Semdeg aRarasodes gamouyenebiaT _ arc erT saukuneSi.
albaneli xalxic TandaTan gadagvarda.
VIII s-is Semdeg somexi monofizitebis mier devnilma albanelma qalke-
donitma berebma Tavi qarTul monastrebs Seafares, maT albaneTidan Tan
wamoiRes albanurenovani saeklesio wignebi, _ albanuri anbaniT dawerilni,
magram Semdgom maTi rigebi aRar Seivso da wignebi qarTvelebma gamoiyenes,
isini palimsestebad gadaiqcnen, kerZod, SemdegSi albanur wignebs qarTuli
wignebisTvis iyenebdnen.