mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi

II
Tbilisi
2003

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare

krebebi (IV-XVIII ss)

msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT

Tbilisi
2003

naSromSi ganxilulia werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenili IV-XVIII

saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 mimdinare saeklesio kreba da agreTve msoflio
saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawile-obiT. pirvelad xdeba
erTad Sekreba da gaanalizeba eklesiis istoriis Sesaswavlad
umniSvnelovanesi krebebisa, romlebzec suliwmidis madliT aRWurvili
wmida mamebi saqveyno da saeklesio samarTals gadmocemdnen. naSromis
zogierT paragrafs Tan erTvis Sesabamisi krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis aqtebi.
naSromi gankuTvnilia specialistebisa da farTo mkiTxveli
sazogadoebisaTvis.

redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe

© anania jafariZe, 2003

 Sesavali
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia aTaswleulTa manZilze uwyveti Tanamonawilea
msoflio saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac odiTganve misTvis savaldebulo
iyo aRsruleba msoflio saeklesio, adgilobrivi krebebis da wmida mamaTa
mier SemuSavebuli sayovelTao saeklesio kanonebisa.
kanonikuri samarTali ZvelTaganve moiTxovda weliwadSi ramdenime
saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Sesabamisad IV s-dan Cvens dromde (TiTqmis 1600
wlis manZilze) saqarTveloSi aTasobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo
mowveuli. samwuxarod, aseTi didi odenobis miuxedavad, aqamde sul ramdenime
kreba iyo gamovlenili da Seswavlili. mizezi amisa ara marto isaa, rom
saeklesio samarTlis mecnierul Seswavlas saqarTveloSi mxolod XIX s.
bolosa da XX s. dasawyosSi Caeyara safuZveli, romelic maleve Seaferxa
aTeisturma reJimma, aramed agreTve isic, rom miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa
siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa,
ZiriTadad `sjuldebis wignebSi~, tipikonebSi, saeklesio da samonastro
krebulTa ganCinebebSi, `dawerilebSi~, sigel-gujrebsa da sxva saeklesio
samarTlis aqtebSi, romelnic iv. javaxiSvilis SefasebiT Tumca moqmedi
saeklesio samarTlis piruTvnel sabuTebs warmoadgenen, magram maTSi kvlevis
Sesabamisi masalis moZieba did SromasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Cvens mier gamovlenili iqna IV-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 100-mde saeklesio
kreba, maT Soris 15 sakanonmdeblo, IV-XVIII saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 da XIX-
XX ss-Si Semdgari 50-mde mimdinare saeklesio kreba, maT garda 9 msoflio da
saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis kreba, romelTa muSaobaSic qarTveli
episkoposebi monawileobdnen.
sazogadod, saeklesio krebebs yofen or ZiriTad jgufad, pirvelia is
krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes da Sesabamisi saeklesio
samarTlis Zeglebic gamosces, meorea mimdinare saeklesio krebebi, romelnic
Seikribnen mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT.
Cven calke wignad gamovyaviT `saqarTvelos saeklesio sakanonmdeblo
krebebi~ (Tb., 2003), masSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeul krebas Tan davurTeT mis mier gamocemuli
kanonebi, amitomac aRniSnuli wigni saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis
erTgvar qrestomaTias warmoadgens, rac aseve siaxlea.
winadebare wignSi ganxilulia IV-XVIII ss-Si Semdgari mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi, sul ganxilulia 21 saeklesio kreba, maTgan zogierTi marTalia
Sedga saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, magram mieZRvna saqarTvelos saeklesio
sakiTxebs. mniSvnelovan krebaTa nawils Tan erTvis maT mier gamocemuli
saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebi.
Cvens mier ganxilul krebebs saxelebi mivakuTvneT mowvevis adgilis
mixedviT (magaliTad, ganxilul periodSi TbilisSi mowveul iqna oTxi
saeklesio kreba, maT Soris, Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba Sedga XII s-Si, xolo
IV Sedga XVIII s-Si).
krebaTa SeswavliT dadasturda, rom saqarTvelos eklesia, viTarca
avtokefaluri, ganagebda sakuTar saeklesio samarTals, amasTanave, mas
viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebis mqones, xeli miuwvdeboda samoqalaqo-
administraciul mmarTvelobasa da samarTalze (amiT iyo gamowveuli
magaliTad bagrat kurapalatis samarTalSi 101, 102, 103 da sxva muxlebis
gaCena, romelTagan erT-erTis gansazRvriT `meore mefe episkoposi aris da
qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (`sjuli~ - kanons ewodeboda Zvel
saqarTveloSi).
krebaTa Seswavla adasturebs n. maris Sefasebas, rom `Zvel saqarTveloSi
saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~.
sasuliero da saero xelisuflebis erTobis gamomxatvelia
mwignobarTuxucesis (Wyondideli episkoposis) mefis Semdeg meore saxelmwifo
piris Tanamdebobis daweseba. saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebebs iwvevda mefe,
amave dros saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi
SemadgenlobiT gamoxatavda simfoniur (harmoniul) kavSirs saeklesio da
saero xelisuflebas Soris, ufleba eniWeboda ganexila saeklesio sakiTxebi
da mieRo dadgenileba (kaTalikosTa, umaRles ierarqTa, episkoposTa da
mrevlis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT) saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
Seswavlili saeklesio krebebis analizi adasturebs Zveli qarTuli
istoriografiis dabejiTebul mtkicebas iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb
(kerZod, rom IV s-dan qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda ara mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelo (Tavdapirvelad
mdinare egriswylamde, Semdeg ki mdinare klisuramde), saeklesio enis da
sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
vloculobT, raTa Cvenma Sromam xeli Seuwyos qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis Seswavlis gaRrmavebis saqmes.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizacia

qristianuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc disciplina, Seiswavlis

saeklesio cxovrebas warsulSi da gadmogvcems mas qronologiuri
TanmimdevrobiT. saqarTvelos eklesia warmoadgens msoflio (sayovelTao)
eklesiis ganuyofel nawils, amitomac misi istoria msoflio eklesiis
istoriisagan mouwyvetlad ganixileba. IV saukuneSi episkoposma evsevi
kesarielma im droisaTvis axali mecnierebis sagani gansazRvra da mas
`eklesiis istoria~ uwoda. eklesia warmoadgens mTel dedamiwaze mcxovreb
qristianTa erTobas, romelic ganixileba rogorc sulieri sxeuli, romlis
Tavic qristea da erTi suliT suldgmulobs: `erTi sxeuli da erTi suli,
erTi ufali, erTi – rwmena, erTi naTloba, erTi – RmerTi da mama yovelTa~
(efes. 4, 4-6), amitomac eklesiis ganyofa da nawilebad daSla ar SeiZleba
(misgan gamoyofa mxolod mwvaleblebs SeuZliaT).
sxvadasxva adgilobrivi eklesiis arseboba, rogoricaa konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis, ierusalimis, saqarTvelosa da sxvebisa, ar arRvevs eklesiis
erTobas, radganac isini erTi sxeulis – qristes sayovelTao eklesiis
wevrebi arian.
eklesiis istorikosTa ganmartebiT qristianuli eklesiis istoria
saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis, Tumca meore mxriv, igi saero
mecnierebacaa, radganac kacobriobis istoriis Seswavlas emsaxureba.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriac aseve qarTveli eris istoriis Semadgenel
nawils warmoadgens. qarTuli eklesia warsulSi mudam warmmarTveli Zala
iyo qarTveli eris sulieri cxovrebisa, wmida ilia marTlis (WavWavaZis)
TvalsazrisiT: `saqarTvelos eklesia yovelTvis TavdadebiT hpatronobda
Cvens ers da arasdros didebas erisas daviwyebas ar aZlevda~1. wm. ilia
gansakuTrebiT afasebda qarTvel RvTismsaxurTa Rvawls: `Cvenma
samRvdeloebam kargad icoda, rom mamuli da erovneba rjulTan erTad
SeerTebuli, rjulTan SexorcTvisebuli uZleveli xmali da Seuleweli
faria mtris winaSe~2; `mamuli da erovneba miaSvela samRvdeloebam rjuls,
rjuli – mamulsa da erovnebas da egreT momZlavrebulma erma es sameba
waimZRvara win, aTasxuTasi weliwadi omiTa da sisxlis RvriT gamoiara da
qarTvels binac Seunaxa da qarTvelobaca~.
saero istorisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic xalxis miwier, politikur,
kulturul ganviTarebas asaxavs, eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri
gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens. eklesiis istorikoss evaleba
Sekribos saWiro faqtebi da istoriuli monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos
isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis
Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT
gadmosces.
RvTismetyveleba oTx dargad iyofa: 1. egzegetikuri, 2. istoriuli, 3.
sistematuri, 4. praqtikuli. biliuri da eklesiis istoria RvTismetyvelebis
istoriul nawils ganekuTvneba. istoriuli RvTismetyvelebis kerZo
disciplinebia: dogmatebis istoria, patrologia, simbolika, qristianuli
literaturis istoria, saeklesio arqeologia, RvTismsaxurebis istoria da
qristianuli xelovnebis istoria. maTi makavSirebeli ZiriTadi samecniero
RerZia eklesiis istoria, rogorc amas msoflio istoriis cnobili
mkvlevarebi ganmartaven.
msoflio eklesiis istorias sam nawilad yofen: Zveli, Sua da axali.
msoflio eklesiis istoriis Zvel da Sua periodTa Soris sazRvris Cveneba
sadavodaa miCneuli, erTni mijnad VI s. dasasruls, xolo meoreni VII s.
dasasruls miiCneven, roca VI msoflio krebaze monofizitebTan kamaTi
dasrulda da msoflio eklesias ganSorda monofizituri Temebi (aseT
dayofas emxroba prof. bolotovi). prof. posnovis azriT, mijnas Zvelsa da
Sua periodebs Soris warmoadgens XI s. kerZod 1054 weli, roca gaiyo
msoflio eklesia, Tumca miiCnevs, rom imdroindeli qristianebisaTvis am
moments ar hqonia iseTi mniSvneloba, rogoric man SemdegSi miiRo
(igulisxmeba msoflio marTlmadideblobisagan e.w. `kaTolikeTa~ gasvla).
Sua da axal periodebs Soris sazRvrad miRebulia 1453 wels
konstantinopolis dacema, dasavleTis eklesiisaTvis am periodTa Soris
sazRvrad XVI saukuneSi reformaciaTa dawyebas miiCneven.
ramdenadac cnobilia, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria periodebad
dayofili ar yofila, mizezi amisa unda iyos is, rom igi TiTqmis
ocsaukunovan didZal saeklesio-istoriul masalas moicavs, amasTan qarTuli
eklesiis istoriis ganmazogadebeli Txroba mxolod ramdenime istorikos
aqvs gadmocemuli3, magram isic periodizaciis gareSe.
msoflio eklesiis msgavsad qarTuli eklesiis istoriac SeiZleba sam
periodad daiyos. esenia – Zveli, Sua da axali. Zveli periodi moicavs xanas
pirveli saukunidan vidre XII s. dasawyisamde (ruis-urbnisis krebamde, 1103-1105
ww.), Sua periodi moicavs xanas XII saukunidan mecxramete saukunis
dasawyisamde, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde (1811 w.). axali periodi moicavs xanas
mecxramete saukunis 10-iani wlebidan vidre dRemde.
 pirveli saukunidan Cveni eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis dawyebas
Tavisi safuZveli aqvs. Cveni Zveli istorikosebi (episkoposi leonti mroveli,
arsen beri, ioane sabanis Ze, giorgi mTawmindeli, qarTlis cxovrebis
CanarTebis avtorebi da sxvebi) miiCneven, rom qristianoba saqarTveloSi ukve
I_III saukuneebidanaa cnobili. wmida giorgi mTawmindeli, antioqiis
sapatriarqo karze acxadebda, rom qristianobis pirveli mqadageblebi
saqarTveloSi TviT qristes mociqulebi: andria pirvelwodebuli da simon
kananeli iyvnen, ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam Tavis ZeglisweraSi es
momenti xazgasmiT warmoaCina. axali arqeologiuri monacemebi faqtiurad
amtkiceben me-8 saukunis avtoris ioane sabanis Zis cnobas qarTvelTa Soris
qristianobis xuTaswlovani arsebobis Sesaxeb. kerZod, arqeologTa mier
gamovlenili samarxebis SeswavliT irkveva, rom CvenSi qristianoba mis
saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebamdec cnobili iyo, amitomac II-III ss-Si
micvalebulebis erT nawils qristianuli wesiT marxavden4.
qarTlis cxovrebis CanarTis Tanaxmad andria pirvel-wodebulma
saqarTveloSi pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra qalaq awyurSi daarsa da mas
episkoposi da samRvdeloeba daudgina. m. TamaraSvilis mier moZiebuli cnobis
Tanaxmad pirvel saukuneebSi imperator maqsimilianes jarSi qristiani
qarTveli meomrebic msaxurobdnen, romlebic kolxeTSi gadaasaxles; xolo
laTini avtoris irineosis cnobiT, episkoposma palmosma da misma megobrebma
kolxidaSi samocdaaTi eklesia aaSenes,. anton kaTalikosma pirvel-meore
sakuneebSi mcxovrebi qarTveli wmindanebis, egreT wodebuli wminda
mesukavelTa cxovreba aRwera. isini warmoSobiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan
(hereT-albaneTidan) yofilan, xolo mowameobis gvirgvini samxreT
saqarTveloSi miuRiaT. III s-Si, qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, mefe rev
marTals qristianuli suliskveTebis reforma gautarebia, saxeldobr,
kerpebisaTvis yrmaTa Sewirva aukrZalavs. berZnuli wyaroebis cnobiT, IV
saukunis dasawyisSi, kerZod 325 wels biWvinTeli da trapezunteli
episkoposebi pirvel msoflio krebaSi monawileobdnen. aRniSnuli da sxva
monacemebi imis safuZvels gvaZlevs, rom Cveni eklesiis periodizacia pirveli
saukunidan daviwyoT, xolo I_III saukuneebi Cveni eklesiis istoriis Zveli
periodis erT nawilad miviCnioT (SeiZleba mas uZvelesi xana vuwodoT).
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoris Zveli periodis Semdgomi xana IV saukunis
20-30 wlebidan iwyeba, rodesac wmida ninos qadagebaTa Sedegad
mociqulTasworma mefe-dedofalma mirianma da nanam qristianoba
saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamoacxades. am xanebSi unda
Camoyalibebuliyo saqarTvelos eklesia organizaciuladac.
IV_V ss-Si qarTuli eklesia gaZlierda, ganmtkicda. qarTul enaze
iTargmna wmida werili, xolo V s-Si, vaxtang gorgaslis dros, Camoyalibda
saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso. igi moicavda Tanamedrove saqarTvelos TiTqmis
mTel teritorias, radganac am mefis wyalobiT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi qarTlis samefos saxelmwifoebriv sazRvrebs
daemTxveva, qarTlis samefoSi ki im dros rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve
dasavleT saqarTveloc Sedioda.
Semdgomi xana qarTuli eklesiis Zveli periodisa iwyeba VI saukunidan da
ruis-urbnisis krebamde e.i. XII s. dasawyisamde gagrZelda. am dros eklesiis
beds Cveni saxelmwifos mdgomareoba gansazRvravda. rogorc cnobilia, VI
saukuneSi gauqmda mefoba, ramac saboloo jamSi `yoveli qarTlis~ calkeul
qveynebad daSla gamoiwvia. Camoyalibda tao-klarjeTis (`qarTvelTa~),
afxazTa, herTa da kaxTa samefoebi (samTavroebi).
unda iTqas, rom VI s-dan Zveli periodis mesame xanis dawyebis safuZvlad
daedo Cvens qveyanasa da eklesiaSi am epoqaSi momxdari movlenebi. s. janaSias
azriT, `VI saukune namdvili istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~5, n. berZeniSvili VI-X ss adrefeodalur xanad
miiCnevda, VI s-Si gaimarjva axalma politikurma wyobam. `moaklda mefoba
SvilTa gorgaslisaTa, miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlis aznaurTa~6.
erisTavebma miisakuTres samarTavad miRebuli mxareebi. saqarTveloSi vidre,
e.w. skanda-Sorapnamde sparselebi gabatondnen. isini laSqrobdnen egrissa da
zRvispireTSic, sparselebi devnidnen qarTul qalkedonur eklesias da
yoveli RonisZiebiT cdilobdnen, rom amierkavkasiis (albanur da qarTul)
eklesiebze somxuri eklesia gaebatonebinaT. marTalia VI s. somxur da sxva
wyaroTa Tanaxmad qarTlis kaTolikosis iurisdiqciaSi kvlavindeburad
Sedioda dasavleT saqarTvelo, magram VII s. 20-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi
herakle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg bizantiam dasavleT saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi uSualod Tavis SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. maSasadame das.
saqarTvelos eklesia gamoiyvana qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciidan da
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana. amitomac aq daarsda
berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi. VIII s-Si qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulis, afxazeTis samefos, warmoqmnis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTveloSi
Camoyalibda axali qarTuli saeklesio erTeuli, afxazeTis sakaTalikiso. X
s. bolosa XI s. dasawyisSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebam safuZveli Cauyara
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoqmnas, romelSic afxazeTisa da qarTlis
sakaTalikosoebi gaerTiandnen. VI-XI ss-Si qarTul eklesiaSi mimdinare
procesi mTlian xanas warmoadgens Tavisi dasawyisiTa da dasasruliT.
maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodi I_XI saukuneebs
moicavs da igi sam xanad iyofa. pirveli xana moicavs I_III saukuneebs, meore
IV_V saukuneebs, xolo mesame VI_XI saukuneebs.
Sua periodi qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa moicavs XII_XVIII saukuneebs,
igi XII saukunidan XIV s-mde saqarTvelos saxelmwifos e.w. oqros xanas
emTxveva. am dros saqarTvelos sapatriarqos siZliere zenits aRwevs.
Sua periodis Semdegi xana XIV_XVIII saukuneebs moicavs. saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivma uimedobam, qveyanaSi centridanulma midrekilebebma, qveynis
samefo-samTavroebad daSlam zegavlena saeklesio cxovrebazec iqonia.
afxazeTisa da mcxeTis sakaTalikosoebma erTmaneTis mimarT meti
administraciuli damoukidebloba miiRes. miuxedavad amisa, es qarTuli
saeklesio erTeulebi sulier erTianobas, erT saeklesio enas, saeklesio
Cvevebsa da tradiciebs inarCunebdnen (erTian qarTul eklesiaSi
sakaTalikosoebi iseve arsebobdnen, rogorc berZnul eklesiaSi
samitropolitoebi).
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis axal periodSi SeiZleba calke gamovyoT XIX
saukune, esaa avtokefaliis gauqmebis xana, uaxlesi xana ki avtokefaliis
aRdgenidan (25(12) III.1917) iwyeba. amrigad:
1. Zveli periodi grZeldeba I s-dan XII s. dasawyisamde (ruis-urbnisis
krebamde), iyofa sam xanad;
 2. Sua periodi, XII s. dasawyisidan avtokefaliis gauqmebamde (1811);
3. axali periodi moicavs XIX-XX ss.

saeklesio istoriografia I periodi (I-XI ss;)

(wmida mociqulebidan ruis-urbnisis krebamde)

istoriografiis qveS igulisxmeba saistorio wyaroebsa da

TviTmxilvelTa cnobebze dayrdnobiT saeklesio cxovrebis gadmocema.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb cnobebs msoflio eklesiis istoriis
pirveli mamebi gvawvdian. rogorc cnobilia, evsevi kesarielma (gard. 338)
oTxi saistorio Txzuleba Seadgina 1. qronika, or wignad, msoflio istoria
dabadebidan mis dromde; 2. saeklesio istoria aT wignad, qristianobis
dasawyisidan 324 wlamde; 3. konstantine didis cxovreba 4 wignad, da 4. `Zvel
martviliaTa krebuli~. evsevi kesarielis memkvidreni da misi Sromis
gamgrZelebelni iyvnen – sokrati, konstantinopoleli advokati
(sqolastikosi), dawera saeklesio istoria Svid wignad (305-439); ermia
sozomeni, agreTve advokati, gadmoca eklesiis istoria cxra wignad (324-423);
episkoposi Teodorite kvireli, dawera eklesiis istoria 5 wignad (320-428).
TavianT TxzulebebSi isini qarTuli eklesiis saxelmwifoebrivi dafuZnebis
istoriasac exebian7. qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobas msoflio eklesiis
pirvel istoriografTagan agreTve laTini presviteri rufinusic iZleva,
romelmac evsevi kesarielis istoria Targmna da igi 395 wlamde gaagrZela
(rufinusi, X, 10).
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis uZveles ucxour wyaroebTan dakavSirebiT n.
janaSia wers: `uZvelesi wyaro, romelSic moxsenebuli yofila qarTvelTa
moqcevis ambavi, aris IV s. berZeni istorikosis (gard. 395) gelasi kesarielis
`saeklesio istoria~, samwuxarod, es Txzuleba dResdReobiT dakagulad
iTvleba da CvenTvis cnobili ar aris. magram mermindel avtorebs
SemounaxavT TavianT SromebSi misi cnobebi. maT Soris uZvelesia romaeli
saeklesio istorikosi rufinusi, rufinusi gelasi kesarielis umcrosi
Tanamedrove iyo (gard. 410). mas uTargmnia da Tavis TxzulebaSi Seutania
gelasi kesarielis cnoba qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesaxeb...… rufinusze
dayrdnobiT moTxrobili aqvs iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi V s. berZen
istorikoss sokrates (dab. 380)…`...iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi gadmocemuli
aqvs V s. meore berZen istorikoss Teodorite kvirels (dab. 390)... … sozomens,
romelsac Tavisi wigni dauweria 444 wlis maxloblad da uSualod
rufinusiT usargeblia. V s. berZeni istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic gelasi
kesarieliT sargeblobda~8.
meore mxriv, qarTuli eklesiis istoria TiTqmis I saukunidan
(mcxeTelebis Casvla macxovris jvarcmaze dasaswreblad, kvarTis Camosveneba
saqarTveloSi da sxva), aRwerilia uZveles qarTul saistorio wyaroSi,
romelsac `moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~ ewodeba9. masSi moTavsebuli `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ e. w. vrceli redaqciis avtorad dasaxelebulia salome ujareli
(IV s.). misi Txroba wmida ninos moRvaweobisa da pirveli qarTuli eklesiis
dafuZnebis Sesaxeb eTanadeba gelasi kesarielisa da sxva zemoaRniSnul
berZen-laTini istorikosebis cnobebs. ucxoeli avtorebi wmida ninos
aRniSnuli cxovrebis ramdenadme Semoklebul Sinaars gadmogvcemen.
istorikosi m. CxartiSvili, romelmac sagangebod, monografiulad gamoikvlia
`moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~, im daskvnamde mivida, rom salome ujarmelis
SviliSvilma bakurma gelasi kesariels Tavisi bebiis mier dawerili wmida
ninos cxovrebis Semoklebuli Sinaarsi gadasca10.
salome ujarmeli pirveli qarTveli qristiani mefis, mirianis Zis coli
iyo, igi maspinZlobda bodbeSi momakvdav ninos. misgan Cauweria qarTlis
moqcevis istoria, mas Seukrebia agreTve ebraeli qalis sidonias, mamamisis
abiaTaris, saberZneTidan Camosuli mRvdlis iakobis, mefe mirianis mogonebebi,
Tavisi TxzulebisaTvis `wmida ninos cxovreba~ uwodebia da misTvis daurTavs
Sesavali. salome ujarmelis TxzulebaSi, rogorc wesi, yvela faqts Tavisi
mxilveli da mTxrobeli hyavs. salome ujarmelis es Txzuleba Sesulia
qarTul wyaroTa krebulSi, romelsac `moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~ ewodeba. m.
CxartiSvili salome ujarmels IV saukunis avtorad miiCnevs da akritikebs n.
mars, iv. javaxiSvilsa da k. kekeliZes, romelnic wmida ninos cxovrebis
aRniSnul redaqcias gviani xaniT aTariRebdnen. m. CxartiSvili am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT wers, rom 1897 wels m. marma gamoTqva varaudi, romlis
mixedviTac aRniSnuli redaqcia IX s-ze adrindeli ar unda iyos. es
mosazreba iv. javaxiSvilmac gaiziara, n. kekeliZe am Zegls IX saukuniT imis
safuZvelze aTariRebda, rom masSi naxmaria martis weliwadi, romelic misi
miTiTebiT CvenSi swored am droisaTvis Semosula. n. kekeliZis sxva
naSromidan ki vigebT, rom Turme mas CvenSi martis weliwadis damkvidrebis
TariRi `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciiT daudgenia, romelsac IX
saukuneSi Seqnil Zeglad miiCnevda. zemoT Tqmulic aSkarad xdis, rom
qarTuli wyaroebis mimarT hiperkritikuli damokidebulebis pirobebSic ki
`ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis gviani saukuneebiT daTariReba faqtebze
ZaldatanebiT xdeboda. msgavsad amisa, arc n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, k.
kekeliZis mtkicebani ar SeiZleba miRebul iqnas argumentebad gansaxilveli
Zeglis TariRis garkvevisas. amgvarad, ara gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli ar
davujeroT Txzulebisave miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi IV s. Zeglia. aqedan
gamomdinare, salome ujarmelis avtorobasac araferi ar eRobeba win.
wyaroTmcodneobaSi miRebuli wyaros `udanaSaulobis prezumfciis~ principis
Tanaxmad, Cveni Zieba aq unda Sewydes. wyaros `ar evaleba~ gvimtkicos, rom
sworia. Tu ver vamCnevT, rom misi monacemebi yalbia, maSasadame, igi miRebul
unda iqnas, rogorc WeSmariti~, - wers m. CxartiSvili11. man daadgina, rom
pirveli qarTveli saeklesio istorikosi IV s. avtori salome ujarmelia.
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom Zvelad saqarTveloSi samoqalaqos gverdiT
saeklesio istoriografiac arsebobda. ufro metic, wamyvani swored es
ukanaskneli iyo. didi ivane javaxiSvili saeklesio istorikosebs ufro
endoboda, vidre samoqalaqos. amitomac igi `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulze
ufro metad (viTarca saistorio wyaroebs) saeklesio istorikosebis – iakob
xucesis (curtavelis, V s.), evstaTi mcxeTelis (VI s.), ioane sabanis Zis (VIII),
giorgi merCulisa da sxvaTa Txzulebebs eyrdnobod12.
istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom Sua saukuneebis msoflioSi saeklesio
istoriografiam daqveiTeba ganicada, eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnili
specialuri Sromebi aRar Seqmnila da igi sayovelTao istorias SeuerTda.
aseTebia bizantiasa da yofili romis imperiaSi Sedgenili qronikebi
(Teofanes qronika 285 wlidan 813 wlamde, giorgi amartolis, giorgi
svinkelosis, patriarq nikifores, leon diakonis (X s.), ana komnenis, zonaras,
kedrenes da XI_XII ss avtorTa sxva qronikebi. Semdegi drois nikifore
xoniatis (XIII s.), nikifore grigoris (XIV s.), ioane kantakuzenis da nikifore
kalistas qronikebi). saqarTveloSic msgavs suraTs vxedavT. eklesiis
istoriisadmi sagangebod miZRvnili Sroma salome ujarmelis `wminda ninos
cxovrebis~ Semdeg aRar dawerila.
es istoria SemdegSi qarTul qronikaTa krebuls `moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~
miuerTes, rogorc es aRvniSneT.
qarTul saistorio TxzulebaTagan uZvelesad miCneulia qronika `moqcevaБ
qarTlisaБ~, romelic mokled gadmoscems saqarTvelos istorias uZvelesi
droidan da Seicavs mniSvnelovan cnobebs13.
`moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~ faqtiurad ori nawilisagan Sedgenil krebuls
warmoadgens. I nawili Cans, warmoadgens Zvel-qarTul saistorio qronikas,
masSi saqarTvelos istoria mokledaa mimoxiluli uZvelesi droidan
(aleqsandre makedonelis qarTlSi mosvla) VII s. 40-ian wlebamde, rasac Tan
erTvis istoria am epoqidan IX bolomde, aSot kurapalatis Svilis guramis
dromde (gard. 882 w.) da qarTlis mefeTa, erisTavTa da kaTalikosTa sia.
krebulis II nawili warmoadgens qarTuli eklesiis uZveles istorias. masSi
Sesulia sxvadasxva piris mier vrclad moTxrobili ambavi wm. ninos
saqarTveloSi mosvlisa da mis mier qveynis gaqristianebis Sesaxeb.
es qronika p. ingoroyvas VII s-Si Sedgenilad miaCnda, misi saboloo
redaqcia IX saukunisa unda iyos, radganac VII s. meore naxevridan TiTqmis IX
s. dasasrulamde qronikaSi saistorio movlenebis mokle gadmocema
Sewyvetilia da mxolod mefe-erisTavebis siaa darTuli14.
g. meliqiSvelis azriT, am qronikis Semdgeneli uZvelesi masaliT
sargeblobs. qronika Seicavs qarTlis mefeTa (xolo Semdgom erisTavTa da
kaTolikosTa) sias azo – farnavazis xanidan (Zv. w. IV-III ss.) IX s.-mde.
`miuxedavad calkeuli xarvezebisa, Cvens winaSea qarTlis mmarTvelTa
ZiriTadad uwyveti da sando sia saukuneTa manZilze, rac, ueWvelad,
gulisxmobs adgilobrivi (amasTanave werilobiTi) saistorio tradiciis
arsebobas, romelmac Tavisi asaxva `moqcevaБs~ istoriul qronikaSi pova15.
aRsaniSnavia, rom `moqcevaБs~ teqstSi daculia wyaroebze miTiTeba.
mcxeTis jvris aRmarTvasTan dakavSirebiT (krebulis I nawilSi) damowmebulia
grigol diakonis Txzuleba: `viTarca sweria, mciresa mas mokled aRwerilsa
mas wignsa qarTlis moqcevisasa grigol diakonis mier aRwerilsa~. VI s.
ambebis motanisas ki qronikaSi naTqvamia, rom `ese aRwerili gamokrebilad
ars~, e. i. igi ufro vrcel matianeze miuTiTebs.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis umTavresi wyaroa `qarTlis cxovrebis~
krebuli, romelic saerTod, warmoadgens saqarTvelos Zveli istoriis
wyaros. masSi gadmocemulia Cveni qveynis istoria Tanmimdevruli TxrobiT
uZvelesi droidan. `qarTlis cxovreba~ sxvadasxva saistorio Txzulebisagan
Sedgeba. ivane javaxiSvilis mixedviT, misi dasawyisi nawili vaxtang
gorgaslamde dawerilia leonti mrovelis mier16, xolo kekeliZis azriT, -
vaxtang gorgaslis istoriis CaTvliT17. sazogadod, leonti mrovelis
TxuzulebaSi Sesuli nakveTi `wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqceva~, Cveni
eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodis umTavresi wyaroa18.
 istorikosi juanSer juanSeriani, Tavis naSromSi leonti mrovelis
`mefeTa cxovrebas~ V s. Sua wlebidan VIII s. 40-50-ian wlebamde agrZelebs.
juanSeris TxzulebaSi Txroba arCil mefemde aRwevs, iqve CarTuli `arCilis
wameba~ leonti mrovelis Txzulebad aris miCneuli.
VIII s. Sua wlebidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Txrobas
agrZelebs ucnobi istorikosi, romlis naSroms `matiane qarTlisas~ uwodeben.
`matiane qarTlisa~ umTavres wyaros warmoadgens CvensEmier gansaxilveli
eklesiis istoriis xanisas. masSi gabneulia cnobebi, romlebic eklesiis
istoriasac gadmogvcemen. ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom `matiane
qarTlisa~ aRsavsea auarebeli istoriuli cnobiT. igi sando istoriuli
Txzuleba da pirvelxarisxovani wyaroa. juanSeris Txzulebis Sesaxeb am
wyaroSi naTqvamia: `wigni ese qarTvelTa cxovrebisa vidre vaxtangisamde
aRiwereboda JamiTi Jamad, xolo vaxtang mefisTagan vidre aqamomde (e. i.
arCil mefemde, VIII s.) aRwera juanSer juanSerianman, Zmiswulis qmarman
wmindisa arCilisman, naTesavman revisman, mirianis Zisaman. mieriTgan SemdgomTa
momavalTa naTesavTa aRweron, viTarca ixilon da winamdebareman Jamman
uwyebad misces gonebasa maTsa RvTiv ganbrZobilsa~19; es minaweri uZveles
(XIII s.) xelnawerSi (Zveli somxuri Targmani) moipoveba. `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~
avtorTa Sesaxeb sxva minawericaa, romlidanac SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
`mefeTa cxovreba~, `wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqceva~ da `arCilis wameba~
`leonti mrovelman aRwera~20. aRsaniSnavia, rom am bolo minawers uZvelesi
somxuri Targmani qarTlis cxovrebisa ar icnobs, maSin roca masSi aris
zemoaRniSnuli cnoba juanSeris Sesaxeb. `erTaderTi gamosavali am
winaaRmdegobidan is aris, rogorc fiqrobda Tedo Jordania, rom leonti
mroveli miviCnioT ara avtorad, aramed gadamwerad anda redaqtor-
gadamwerad~21.
g. meliqiSvilis azriT, juanSers (VIII s.) xelT hqonia qarTlis cxovrebis
saistorio krebuli, Sedgenili `JamiTi-Jamad~ dawerili Txzulebebisagan,
uZvelesi droidan vidre vaxtang gorgaslamde. g. meliqiSvili wers: `aSkaraa,
rom vaxtang gorgaslis Txzuleba calke nawarmoebs unda warmoadgendes~.
Cveni azriT, juanSers krebulisaTvis miumatebia vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgomi
ambebi arCil mefemde, xolo redaqtors masSi `arCilis wamebis~ mokle
moTxrobac Seutania.
g. meliqiSvili Tavis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~
dasawyisSi Sesuli Txzulebebi (iseve, rogorc maTi krebulis saxiT Sekvra)
VIII-IX saukuneebiT unda daTariRdes, asabuTebs am krebulis dasawyisSi
gamoxatuli armenofiluri tendenciebiT, rac misi azriT, `kargad egueba
VIII_IX ss. viTarebas~22.
aRniSnuli Txzulebis VIII s. Sua wlebamde arsebobs isic
gvavaraudebinebs, rom, rogorc es pavle ingoroyvam aRniSna, masSi ar gvxvdeba
sityva `afxazeTi~, rac warmoudgenelia VIII s. Semdgom, miT umetes XI
saukuneSi Seqmnil viTarebaSi. iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe fiqrobdnen, rom
es Txzuleba XI saukuneSia dawerili23.
g. meliqiSvili `qarTlis cxovrebis~ dasawyisSi arsebul armenofilur
tendenciebs qarTlSi VIII_IX saukuneebSi arsebuli politikuri viTarebis
anareklad miiCnevda. VI s-sa da VII saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTis imperiis
mxardaWeriT gaZlierebuli somxuri eklesia amierkavkasiis eklesiebze
hegemonobis mopovebas cdilobda, ramac Tavisi kvali daamCnia im dros Cvens
saeklesio cxovrebas. m. TarxniSvili `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ arsebul
armenofilur tendenciebs qarTlSi VI_VII saukuneebSi arsebuli viTarebis
gamovlinebad Tvlida da amitomac qarTlis cxovrebis krebuls VI_VII
sakuneebSi Camoyalibebul Zeglad aRiarebda24.
gansaxilveli wyaros armenofilur tendenciebTan da zogierT
koncefciasTan dakavSirebiT g. meliqiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ Sesaval da sxva nawilebSi Zlierad igrZnoba somxuri saistorio
tradiciis gavlena, rac STagonebulia mose xorenelis TxzulebiT, anda
damokidebulia im somxur werilobiT Tu zedapir tradiciebze, ramac
mosesTan iCina Tavi. `mTel am ambebs aSkara armenofiluri daRi azis...
bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom am ambebis Txrobisas `qarTlis cxovrebis
informaciis wyaros somxuri tradicia warmoadgens~25.
qvemoT ganxilulia sxvadasxva mosazreba Tu ra iyo mizezi qarTuli
wminda werilisa Tu ukve arsebuli saistorio wyaroebis somxuri dednebis
mixedviT, anda armenofiluri tendenciebiT redaqtirebisa VI_VII saukuneebSi,
romelic SemdgomSi SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT qarTvel da berZen saeklesio
moRvaweebs. VIII saukunidan daiwyo da XI saukunis Sua wlebamde gagrZelda,
giorgi mciris sityviT rom vTqvaT, `maTgan Targmnili~ wmida werilis
redaqtireba axla ukve berZnuli dednebis mixedviT (gamoyenebiT).
Semdgom wyaros saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisa (VI s-dan XI s-mde)
warmoadgens istorikos sumbat daviTis Zis Txzuleba `cxovreba da uwyeba
bagratonianTa~, romelic moicavs aRniSnul xanas, kerZod, VI s-dan XI s. 40-ian
wlebamde. XI s. avtoris es Txzuleba bagrationebis samefo saxlis matianea
da saqarTvelos istoriis calkeul periodebs warmoadgens. sumbat daviTis
Zis mier gadmocemuli cnobebis simarTle paraleluri qarTuli Tu ucxouri
wyaroebiTac dasturdeba26.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli periodis SeswavlisaTvis
uaRresad mniSvnelovania amave xanis qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis Zeglebi.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodis erT-erTi umiSvnelovanesi
wyaroa V saukunis meore naxevris saeklesio moRvawis iakob xucesis
(curtavelis) Txzuleba `wameba wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaБ~. esaa Zegli,
romelSic mkafiod Cans, Tu rogori TavdadebiT icavdnen saqarTveloSi
qristianul sarwmunoebas qveynis saukeTeso Svilebi. isini mzad iyvnen
amqveyniuri sicocxle daeTmoT saukunis damkvidrebisaTvis. iakob xucesi
varsqen pitiaxSis karis mRvdeli da wminda SuSanikis moZRvari, misi
mowameobrivi Rvawlis TviTmxilveli da piruTvneli aRmweri iyo. es
Txzuleba mas 476-483 wlebSi dauweria, wmida SuSanikis aRsasrulis Semdeg da
wminda mefis, vaxtang gorgaslis mier varsqenis sikvdiliT dasjamde, am
TxzulebaSi aRwerilia mexuTe saukunis qarTlis yofa-cxovreba, qveynis
politikuri da socialuri mdgomareoba, saeklesio organizacia, xalxis zne-
Cveulebebi, amitomac igi SesaniSnav istoriul wyarod iTvleba
VI s qarTlSi gabatonebuli iranelebis mier qarTuli eklesiis samwysos
(kerZod, gaqristianebuli sparselebis) devna aRwerilia `evstaTi mcxeTelis
martvilobaSi~, romelic VI s-Si daiwera ucnobi avtoris, martvilobis
TviTmxilvelis mier 27.
 VIII s. meore naxevarSi ioane sabanis Ze aRwers qarTuli eklesiis wevris,
gaqristianebuli arabis (habos) wamebas arabTa batonobisas qarTlSi, arabTa
sarwmunoebriv politikas, mimarTuls qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg,
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianTa da saerTod, qarTvelTa
yofas. misi Txzulebidan Cans, rom am droisaTvis qristianuli sarwmunoeba
qarTvelTa eronuli TavisTavadobisa da TviTSenaxva-dagarCenis saSualebas
warmoadgenda.
IX s. ucnobi avtori TxzulebaSi `cxovreba da wameba konstantisi
qarTvelisaБ~ mokled aRwers arabTa sardlis buRa Turqis laSqrobas
saqarTveloSi (853) da qarTvelTa brZolas Tavisi erovnuli sarwmunoebis
dasacavad. qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvisaTvis yuelis cixisTavis
gobronis (miqaelis) wamebas aRwers X s. avtori stefane mtbevari TxzulebaSi
`wamebaБ gobronisi~. aq moTxrobilia abul kasimis 914 w. laSqrobis Sesaxeb
samxreT saqarTveloSi.
sasuliero pirTa moRvaweoba, anu `moqalaqeoba~ aRwerilia basili
zarzmelis `serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi~, romelsac zogi VII s-Si, zogi
ki IX s-Si daweril miiCnevs.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis Zeglia 951 wels dawerili Txzuleba
giorgi merCulisa `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. masSi aRwerilia VIII-IX
saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi qarTvel saeklesio pirTa Tavdadebuli erovnul-
sarwmunoebrivi moRvaweoba, saeklesio aRmSenebloba.
qarTuli eklesiis yofa, sasuliero pirTa Rvawli gadmocemulia `ilarion
qarTvelis cxovrebaSi~, asurel mamaTa cxovrebaSi (`cxovreba ioane
zedaznelisa~, `cxovreba Siosa da evagresi~, `cxovreba daviT garejelisa~,
`moqalaqeoba abibos nekresel episkoposisa~ da sxva). qristianobis
ganmtkicebas mTian mxareSi asaxavs Txzuleba `wamebaБ yrmaTaБ ricxviT
cxraTaБ~28.
saqarTvelos eklesiis yofas VI_VII saukuneebSi gadmoscems arsen
kaTalikosis Txzuleba `ganyofisaTvis qarTlisa da somxeTisaБ~, romelic
furclebaSlili da daulagebeli saxiT xelT Cavardnia gviani drois
redaqtors. Cven imdenad mniSvnelovan wyarod miviCnieT es Txzuleba, rom
gadavwyviteT, dagvelagebina qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT da aRgvedgina
Tavdapirveli saxe Txrobisa. Cveni es cda moTavsebulia naSromSi
`saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, I, 1996.
eklesiis istoriisaTvis, rogorc aRvniSneT, didi mniSvneloba aqvT da
saistorio TxzulebaTa monacemebs avseben hagiografiuli literaturisa da
sxva wyaroTa monacemebi.
ivane javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom qarTuli samoqalaqo saistorio
dargi qarTul saeklesio mwerlobisagan ganviTarda da warmoiSva. `amis gamo
visac qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis ganviTarebis Seswavla surs, arc
SeuZlia da arc ufleba aqvs qarTul saeklesio saistorio Zeglebs, qarTvel
martvilTa da wmidanTa cxovrebebs, gverdi auxvios da ganuxilveli
datovos~29.
qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis erT-erT naklad mkvlevars is garemoeba
miaCnda, rom `...Seuswavleli iyo iseTi sayuradRebo Sinaarsiani da
didmniSvnelovani dargi, rogoric aris qarTvel martvilTa da wmidanTa
cxovrebani. amis gamove srulebiT uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli qarTuli
saeklesio istoria~...29.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Cvens mier gansaxilveli periodis
SeswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens giorgi mTawmindelis
`cxovreba netarisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi da efTmvisi da uwyebaБ Rirsisa
mis moqalaqobisa maTisaБ aRwerili glaxakisa giorgis mier xuces
monazonisa~30.
ivane javaxiSvili giorgi mTawmindels uwodebs `gamoCenil istorikoss~
da dasZens: `giorgi mTawmindeli qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi SesaniSnav
mecnier istorikosad unda CaiTvalos... TiToeuli misi cnoba damyarebulia
utyuar sabuTebze da axlac maTi WeSmaritebis damtkiceba SeiZleba~. amitomac
mecniers misi Txzuleba uaRresi ndobis Rirs, Sinarsian, Rrma, maRal
sazogadoebriv da erovnuli azrebiT gamsWvalul nawarmoebad miaCnda31.
Cveni eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania qarTul-berZnuli saeklesio
urTierTobani X-XI ss da maTi mogvarebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
uflebaTa aRiareba. berZnul-qarTul saeklesio urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb
upirveles wyarod, rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi mTawmndelis dasaxlebuli Sroma
unda CaiTvalos. gansaxilvel xanaSi berZenma berebma yoveli Rone ixmares,
raTa qarTvelebi daemcirebinaT, aTonidan ganedevnaT da maTi didebuli
lavra-mamulebi CaegdoT xelSi. aTonze anu `wminda mTaze~ ocze meti
monasteri arsebobda. yvela isini, giorgi mTawmindelis sityviT, berZenma
saeklesio moRvaweebma TavianTi boroti ganzraxvis ganxorcielebaSi
daixmares. `mTa yoveli TanaSeiwies da saberZneTisa didebulni da palatisa
warCinebulni yovelni midriknes da mravali Sroma da Wiri da ruduneba
Cuenzeda moawies~. aqedan Cans, rom qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweebs ara
mxolod `yoveli mTa~ anu aTonis monastrebi, aramed bizantiis saimperatoro
kari da mTavroba, `saberZneTisa didebulni da palatisa warCinebulni~
devnidnen.
giorgi mTawmindelis mizani yofila aRewera yovelive `raTa eseviTari
boroti, romeli moawies Cvenzeda berZenTa ara daviwyebuli iqnas da kualad
Semdgomad Cuensa momavalni eseviTarsave Wirsa ara STacvivdnen~.
es Txzuleba marto iovanesa da efTvimes moRvaweobas ki ar Seicavs,
aramed agreTve aTonis iverTa monastris Tavgadasavalsac mogviTxrobs misi
daarsebis dRidan.
mainc ra iyo zogadi mizezi berZen da qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa
Soris winaaRmdegobisa, ratom devnidnen qarTvelebs ara marto berZeni berebi,
aramed maTTan erTad bizantiis saimperatoro kari da mTavroba?
am kiTxvas uTuod unda gaeces pasuxi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania XI saukunis
meore saeklesio istorikosis giorgi mcires anu xucesmonazonis Sroma,
romelSic man Tavisi moZRvris, giorgi mTawmindelis, cxovreba aRwera32.
T. papuaSvili aRniSnuli drois berZen saeklesio moRvaweTa Sesaxeb wers:
`maT eWvi SeqhondaT qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi da abralebdnen
mwvaleblobas. surdaT daemtkicebinaT qarTvelTa eklesiis damoukideblobis
ukanonoba, aviwroebdnen ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelebs, awiokebdnen qarTul
monastrebs da sxva. amis Sesaxeb kargad mogviTxrobs giorgi mcire
(xucesmonazoni) Tavis TxzulebaSi `cxovrebaБ da moqalaqeobaБ wmidisa da
netarisa mamisa Cuenisa giorgi mTawmindelisa~33.
 giorgi mcires giorgi mTawmindelis cxovreba da moRvaweoba giorgi
SavmTelis davalebiT 1066-1067 wlebSi aRuweria. igi iyo giorgi mTawmindelis
`TualiT mxilveli da xeliT msaxur da yuriT momsmeneli...~
giorgi mcires Sromidan Cans, rom qarTveli berebi idevnebodnen ara
mxolod aTonze, aramed antioqiasa da saerTod, mTel bizantiis imperiaSi.
aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom devnis mizezs warmoadgenda ara subieqturi
winaaRmdegobani Tu konfliqtebi berZen da qarTvel berebs Soris, aramed
imdroindeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos politikuri, ekonomikuri da
kulturuli Zliereba, rac `ra Tqma unda, sasurveli ar iqneboda dapyrobiTi
politikis matarebeli iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogoric bizantia iyo~34.
aRniSnulis gamo saWiro iyo urTierTobaTa mogvareba ara romelime
konkretul monastrebs Soris, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. kerZod ki, or
marTlmadideblur eklesias Soris urTierTobaTa mogvarebisaTvis saWiro iyo
molaparakebebis gamarTva ara mxolod konstantinopolSi saimperatoro karze,
aramed imperiis sxva sapatriarqoebSic. rogorc giorgi mciris Sromidan Cans,
antioqiis sapatriarqo karze swored aseT molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen
giorgi mTawmindeli da cnobili diplomati qali, bagrat IV_is deda mariami.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mariamic saeklesio moRvawe iyo, radganac igi monazvnad
akurTxa TviT giorgi mTawmindelma: `ekurTxa mis mier sqemiTa~.
antioqiaSi TviT giorgi mTawmindelis, mariam dedoflis, xolo
konstantinopolSi imave dros (1054-1057 wlebSi) bagrat IV-is yofnis (e. i.
saimperatoro karze molaparakebebis) Semdeg Sewyda msoflio
marTlmadideblobis burjebs – qarTulsa da berZnul eklesiaTa Soris
winaaRmdegoba. amis Semdeg (XI s. 60-70-iani wlebidan) Sewyda qarTveli
saeklesio moRvaweebis, berebis, moqalaqeebis aramarTlmadideblebad
gamocxadeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi mcire antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqo
karze giorgi mTawmindelis moRvaweobas mTeli sisruliT ar aRwers. amis
mizezi is unda yofiliyo, rom mas pirdapiri davaleba hqonia micemuli
giorgi Seyenebulis mier, aRewera giorgi mTawmindelis biografia misi
antioqiidan gamgzavrebis Semdeg, ufro ki misi gardacvaleba. giorgi
mTawmindelis moZRvari, cnobili saeklesio avtoriteti giorgi dayudebuli
(Seyenebuli) antioqiaSi moRvaweobda da amitomac kargad icoda antioqiaSi
Tavisi mowafis Rvawlis Sesaxeb. mas orgzis werilobiT uTxovia giorgi
mcirisaTvis aRewera mxolod zemoaRniSnuli periodi giorgi mTawmindelis
cxovrebisa, kerZod, misi moRvaweoba antioqiidan wasvlis Semdeg.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, `rasakvirvelia giorgi mTawmindelis Sesaxeb
avtors yvelaferi ar mouTxria. man gacilebiT meti icis da mxolod
zogierTs gviambobs~.
`davidumo simravlisagan... martivad da sul mcired aRvwero... warmovTqu
friad mokled da sul mcired...~, miuxedavad aseTi midgomisa, giorgi mcirem
mainc aRniSna antioqiis sapatriarqoSi giorgi mTawmindelis cnobili
paeqroba. giorgi mTawmindelma yuradReba daimsaxura TviT antioqiis
patriarqebisac ki, magaliTad petresi (1052-1057) da Teodosisa (1057-1060),
ukanasknelTan mas qarTvelTa saeklesio damoukideblobis Sesaxeb cxare
kamaTic ki hqonia 1057 w. da didi STabeWdilebac mouxdenia.
 aRniSnuli xanis eklesiis istoriisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
saeklesio dokumentur wyaroebs, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia qarTuli
eklesiis istoriis srulfasovani asaxva. gansakuTrebiT kaTalikos-patriarqTa
titulaturis dazustebisas, qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosTa Soris
uxucesoba-umrwemesobis gansazRvrisas, msoflio marTlmadideblur diptiqSi
qarTuli eklesiis adgilis gansazRvrisas da sxva.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Cvens mier gansaxilvel I periods,
SeiZleba iTqvas, amTavrebs efrem mcire Tavisi TxzulebiT, romelic
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istorias warmoadgens.
esaa - `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina
moixsenebis~ (Tb. 1959). aq avtori exeba qarTvelTa moqcevisa da mironis
kurTxevis sakiTxs berZnul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT. berZnebi uaryofdnen
qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobas, imitom, rom maTi azriT, saqarTveloSi
ar uqadagia arc erT mociquls. efremi berZnuli wyaroebis moSveliebiT
abaTilebs am azrs. aseve arkvevs, rom qarTvelebs TviTneburad arc
kaTalikosobis instituti SemouRiaT da arc mironis kurTxevis ufleba
miuTvisebiaT. es ufleba yvela eklesiisaTvis miucia qalkedonis krebis
gadawyvetilebas. k. kekeliZis azriT, efremis cnobebi legendarulia, `vinaidan
legendaruli iyo is wyaroebi, saidanac es cnobebi amouRia mas~35.

II periodi (XII-XVIII ss.)

(ruis-urbnisis krebidan avtokefaliis gauqmebamde)

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi Sesulia Txzuleba `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa

daviTisi~36, Txzulebis avtori aRwerili ambebis Tanamedrove da mefesTan
daaxloebuli piria37. zogierTi mkvlevaris TvalsazrisiT, naSromis avtoria
arsen beri. igi s. kakabaZisa da k. kekeliZis azriT, daviT aRmaSeneblis
mematiane unda iyos. arsen beri XI s. II naxevrisa da XII s. naxevris moRvawea,
daviT aRmaSeneblis sulieri moZRvari. T Jordania, g. WiWinaZe, a. xaxanaSvili,
i. lolaSvili arsen bers arsen iyalToelad miiCneven. CvenTvis arsen beri
sainteresoa imiT, rom igi saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoriis avtoria,
unda iTqvas, rom Cveni eklesiis II periodis dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis kvlevas arsenis am SromiT Caeyara safuZveli. arsenma Cveni eklesiis
mokle istoria wmida ninos cxovrebas daurTo. rogorc cnobilia, wmida
ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciis Taviseburi
gadakeTebis Sedegad leonti mrovelma misi axali redaqcia mogvca. arsen bers
miaCnda, rom Zveli redaqciebis nakls qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobis
uqonloba warmoadgenda. man gaiTvaliswina es da wmida ninos cxovrebis
axali, ukve metafrasuli redaqcia mogvca38. Tumca SesaZlebelia isic, rom
arsen beri ar icnobda leonti mrovelis redaqcias da igi mxolod sxva
uZveles redaqciebs eyrdnoboda. arsen beri wmida ninos cxovrebisaTvis
darTuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas wyarod `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ wigns asaxelebs, aseve wm. ninos cxovrebisaTvis mas gamouyenebia
`moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ~ da `hambavi mefeTa~. arsens, Cans, aseve usargeblia efrem
mciris TxzulebiT `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~. mas gamoyenebuli
aqvs mTawmindelTa gamonaTqvamebi qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb,
amasTanave igi akritikebs im berZen saeklesio moRvaweebs, romelTac Tavis
droze politikuri viTarebis gamwvavebis gamo amaSi eWvi SehqondaT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac
rogorc cnobilia, garkveuli armenofiluri tendencia axasiaTebs, arsen
beris Txzuleba am naklisagan sruliad Tavisufalia. arseni yofila efrem
mcires mowafe, rogorc aRiniSna, zogierTi istorikosi mas arsen
iyalToelTan aigivebs. arsen iyalToelma (gardaicvala XII s. I meoTxedSi)
Targmna giorgi amartolis `xronografi~, patriarqi fotiosis `didi
sjuliskanoni~ da rac gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, krebuli `dogmatikoni~,
saRvismetyvelo-polemikuri Txzuleba antimonofizituri xasiaTisa. unda
vifiqroT, rom misi moRvaweobis dros iyalTos akademiaSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis Seswavlas saTanado yuradReba eqceoda iseve, rogorc gelaTis
akademiaSi.
XII_XIII ss. istorikosTa SromebSi saeklesio istoria qveynisa da eris
istoriasTan erTad gadmoicema. am drosac, rogorc wina saukuneebSi,
istorikosTa da mweralTa umravlesoba sasuliero pirebi iyvnen. imdroindel
mweralTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo uaRresad ganviTarebuli erovnuli
TviTSegneba da RvTismoSiSeba, maTi TvalsazrisiT, omSi damarcxeba, mtris
Semoseva, qveynis aoxreba da sxva ubedurebani codvaTa Sedegi iyo da uflis
mier xalxis mosaqcevad movlenil sasjelebs warmoadgenda.
Tamaris istorikosTa nawarmoebebi - `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~
da basili ezosmoZRvris `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi~, msgavsi
suliskveTebiTaa dawerili, isini Sedian `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi39,
maTSi saeklesio pirTa, ierarqTa da kaTalikosTa moRvaweoba cocxali
TxrobiTaa gadmocemuli. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi Sedis aseve laSa
giorgisdroindeli mematianis Txzuleba mdidari qronologiuri monacemebiT.
XII saukuneSi SeudgeniaT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebuli. XVI s-Si
krebulSi SeutaniaT XII-XIV saukuneTa istoriis amsaxveli Txzulebebi:
Tamaris anonimi istorikosis `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ da
JamTaaRmwerlis `monRolTa droindeli istoria~. aseTi saxiT yofila
Sedgenili es krebuli vaxtang VI dromde40. zogierT Txzulebas am
krebulidan `wmida~ da `patiosan~ wigns uwodebdnen.
XIV s. istorikosi, pirobiTad `JamTaaRmwerlad~ wodebuli, uaRresad
RvTis moSiSi moRvawea, romlis mizansac movlenebis miudgomlad da
obieqturad aRwera warmoadgens. misi azriT, `JamTaaRmwerloba WeSmaritebis
metyveleba ars da ara Tvalabma visTvisme~. igi icnobda msoflio istorias,
qarTul, berZnul, sparsul da monRolur wyaroebs, kritikulad udgeboda
maT. misi SexedulebiT, saqarTvelos mooxrebis mizezi iyo `risxva zegardamo
usjuloebaTa da codvaTa CvenTaTvis~.
XII saukunis istorikosi kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberis Ze TxzulebaSi
`sakiTxavi suetisa cxovelisa, kvarTisa saufloБsa da kaTolike eklesiisaБ~
qaruli eklesiis istoriis umTavres sakiTxebs Seexo. man aRwera
sveticxovlis mravali saswauli, Zvel matianeebze dayrdnobiT gadmosca
wmida ninos cxovreba da qarTlis moqceva. misi Txzuleba Seicavs istoriul
cnobebs qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoriidan. nikoloz gulaberisZis
TvalsazrisiT, radgan saqarTvelo `nawili iyo dedisa RvTisa~, amitomac
macxovarma saxarebis saqadageblad mis nacvlad dedakacive warmoavlina
CvenSi. misi SefasebiT qarTvelebi `bunebiT sadagni da martivni da gonebiT
wrfelni, simarTlisa cxovrebisasa da uRlisa umankoebisasa mzidvelni,
mxolod RmerTisa oden da mklavisa Tvisisa mosavni~ varT. nikoloz
gulaberisZe gvamcnobs, rom sarwmunoebrivi da saeklesio memkvidreoba
qarTvel episkoposTa kurTxevas sveticxovlis taZarSi moiTxovs: `esre yofil
ars dasabamiTgan, raTa kurTxevadni episkopozni winaSe suetisa cxovelisa
movidodian da aRTqmasa hyofdian mravalsa sarwmunoebisaTvis da
erTgulebisaTvis kaTolike eklesiisa da Tavisa sulisa dadebisaTvis vidre
sisxlTa daTxevadmde patriarqisaTvis da saRmrToTa wesTa dacvisaTvis~41.
saeklesio wyaros warmoadgens tbeTis episkoposis abuseriZe tbelis
Txzuleba `saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisani~. saerTod qarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebi gansaxilvel xanaSi xSirad eklesiisaTvis saWiro
TxzulebaTa avtorebic iyvnen. aseTia ioane anCeli-mTavarepiskoposi, Tamaris
mefobisas, kaTalikosi arsen bulmaisimisZe (XIII s.), karis (yarsis) episkoposi
saba svingelozi (XII s.), nikoloz, qarTvelTa mnaTobi (XIV s.), samTavisis
episkoposi kvipriane (samTavneli, XVIII s.), nikoloz rusTveli (XVIII s.),
mitropoliti romanozi (XVIII s.), kaTalikosi besarion baraTaSvil-
orbeliSvili (XVIII s.), avtori mravali saeklesio-saistorio Txzulebisa,
mitropoliti timoTe gabaSvili (XVIII s.), avtori cnobili Txzulebisa
`mimoxilva wmidaTa da sxvaTa aRmosavleTisa adgilTa~; nekreseli episkoposi-
dosiTeoz nekreseli (XVIII s.) - filosofosi; kaTalikosi anton pirveli,
mnaTobi saqarTvelos eklesiisa - avtori mravali, maT Soris saistorio-
dogmatikuri Txzulebisa, mitropoliti iona gedevaniSvili (XVIII s.),
nekreseli episkoposi - ambrosi miqaZe (XVIII s.) - mqadagebeli; cagareli
episkoposi, Semdeg Wyondideli antoni-mWermetyvelebiT ganTqmuli da sxvani,
samefo ojaxidan (bagrationTa saxlidan) gamosuli mravali sasuliero piri,
iseve rogorc berebi, mRvdlebi Tu monazvnebi eklesiisaTvis uaRresad saWiro
Txzulebebs qmnidnen.
eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaroebs warmoadgenen kanonikuri
samarTlis Zeglebi. eqvTime mTawmindelis `mcire sjuliskanonis~ Semdeg,
romelic saeklesio, samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
erTgvar enciklopedias warmoadgens, arsen iyalToelis mier msoflio
saeklesio samarTlis ZiriTadi kodeqsis `didi sjuliskanonis~ Targmnas
udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiis praqtikuli da kanonikuri
42
saqmianobisaTvis . msgavsi mniSvneloba aqvs procesualuri samarTlis
Zeglebs (mag.: bagrat IV-is cnobili `opizis sigeli~ da sxva), monasterTa
tipikonebs, giorgi brwyinvalis dros SeudgeniaT `xelmwifis karis garigeba~,
romelic aCvenebs, rom qveunis marTva-gamgeobis saqmes mefesTan erTad
umaRlesi saeklesio xelisuflebac edga saTaveSi. esenia oTxi
didxarisxovani beri anu monazoni-moZRvarTmoZRvari, Wyondideli, kaTolikosi
qarTlisa da kaTalikosi afxazeTisa43. saeklesio samarTlis
gasaTvaliswineblad didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarul saeklesio krebaTa
dadgenilebebs, isini savaldebulo iuridiuli normebis xasiaTs iRebdnen.
aseTia ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis (1103 w.) Zegliswera, XVI s.
`sakaTalikozo kanonebi~, romelnic qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqiasa (1531-1549)
da afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis (1543-1578) dros Seudgenia
imereTSi mowveul saeklesio krebas. msgavsi mniSvneloba hqonda 1748, 1755, 1756,
1762 wlis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebs da sxvadasxva xasiaTis Zeglebs.
XVIII s. I meoTxedSi qarTlis samefos karze Sedga e. w. `swavlul kacTa
komisia~ beri egnataSvilis meTaurobiT, romelsac daevala `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ redaqtireba – gamarTva da gagrZeleba. komisiam nayofierad iRvawa
da `qarTlis cxovreba~ Seavso qarTul wyaroebSi daculi im cnobebiT,
romelnic Seexebodnen saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis im mniSvnelovan
movlenebs, romelnic manamde an saerTod ar iyvnen Setanilni, an kidev
saTanado yuradreba ar hqondaT daTmobili. sexnia CxeiZis saistorio
Txzuleba, iseve rogorc misi winamorbedi istorikosis farsadan
gorgijaniZisa, umTavresad qarTvelebis sparseTSi moRvaweobis istorias
aRwers. papuna orbeliani da oman xerxeuliZe agrZeleben mis Sromas.
udidesi mniSvnelobis mecnieruli memkvidreoba datova vaxuSti
bagrationma. misi `saqarTvelos cxovreba~ Cveni qveynis istorias mTliani,
ganzogadoebuli saxiT gadmogvcems da eklesiis istoriisaTvis saWiro
cnobebis siuxviT gamoirCeva.
III periodi (XIX_XX)
(avtokefaliis gauqmebidan dRemde)

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis III periodSi kritikulad iqna Seswavlili

pirvel or periodSi dagrovili masala da sistematuri saxiT iqna
warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis warsuli cxovreba. XIX saukunemde
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, rogorc damoukidebeli naSromi faqtiurad
ar dawerila. zemoT ganxiluli salome ujarmelis, arsen beris, nikoloz
gulaberisZis Sromebi umetesad qarTlis moqcevisa da qarTuli eklesiis
daarsebis sakiTxebs exebian, xolo sxva wyaroebSi arsebuli cnobebi SeiZleba
eklesiis istoriasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis Segrovebad CavTvaloT.
saeklesio- istoriuli masalis mogroveba da maTi damuSavebis pirveli cdebi
daedo safuZvlad gansaxilvel III periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiis warsuli
cxovrebis sistematuri saxiT gadmocemas.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli monografia cnobilma
istorikosma platon ioselianma (1809-1875) gamoaqveyna 1843 wels rusul enaze -
`Краткая история грузинской Церкви~, spb. 1843. rogorc wignis saTaurSivea
aRniSnuli, es naSromi Cveni eklesiis istorias marTlac mokled
mogviTxrobs. amasTanave, ZvelqarTul saistorio mecnierebaze dayrdnobiT
grZeldeba saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis ara damoukideblad, aramed erisa
da qveynis istoriasTan mTlianobaSi gadmocemis mcdeloba. aseTia ioane
batoniSvilis (1772-1836) - `kalmasoba~, Tavisi drois enciklopedia, daviT
batoniSvilis (1769-1819) Txzulebani, e.w. Teimuraziseuli `qarTlis cxovreba~,
romelSic uxvadaa CarTuli cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am redaqcias `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ armenofiluri
Sesavali aRar aqvs, piriqiT, aq Targamosis STamomavalTa Soris upirvelesad
ara haosi, aramed qarTlosia warmodgenili. Teimuraz batoniSvili (1782-1846)
Tavisi drois cnobili mecnieri, peterburgis saimperatoro mecnierebaTa
akademiis sapatio wevri iyo. 1848 wels sanktpeterburgSi dastambuli misi
wigni `istoria dawyebiTgan iveriisa, ese ars saqarTveloisa~ zemoaRniSnuli
suliskveTebiTaa dawerili. e. i. xazgasmiT araarmenofiluria. aRsaniSnavia
mari broses (1802-1880), daviT CubinaSvilis (1814-1891) Txzulebani.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erTgvari samecniero aRmavlobis niSniT warimarTa
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqme XIX s-Si. amis mizezi iyo is,
rom moispo saqarTvelos eklesiis TavisTavadoba – avtokefalia, ramac
qarTvelTa Soris dabada survili misi istoriis Seswavlis gziT qarTuli
eklesiis avtoritetis amaRlebisa, raTa rogorc qarTvelTaTvis, aseve
araqarTvelTaTvisac warmoCeniliyo Cveni eklesiis warsuli dideba da
aTaswlovani istoria. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT Rvawlmosilia istorikosi
miqael (gobron) sabinini (sabinaSvili). igi Seudga qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis gulmodgine Seswavlis rTul saqmes da 1877 wels gamosca
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, romelSic Txroba VI s. bolomde miiyvana44,
xolo misi qarTvel wmidanTa cxovreba `saqarTvelos samoTxe~ 1882 w.
daibeWda. 1886 wels TbilisSi daistamba mose janaSvilis `saqarTvelos
saeklesio istoria~, romelic aseve Cveni eklesiis warsul cxovrebas mokled
gadmogvcems.
did mniSvnelovania T. Jordanias mier dastambuli qronikebi I, 1892, II, 1897;
dimitri baqraZis (1827-1890) gamokvlevebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, XIX saukunemde qarTuli eklesiisadmi miZRvnili calke
monografia ar dawerila, amitomac zemoaRniSnul avtorTa Sromebi pirvelni
iyvnen da am mxriv gansakuTrebiT arian dasafasebelni.
XIX saukunis bolosa da XX s. dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
Seswavla gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda. radganac ruseTis 1905-1907 wlis
revoluciis dros saqarTvelos sazogadoebriobam ruseTis wminda sinodis
winaSe kategoriulad dasva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
sakiTxi. am dros Seiqmna T. Jordanias, k. cincaZis, n. durnovos, m.
kelenjeriZis da n. maris monografiebi, romlebSic qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis kanoniereba iyo dasabuTebuli. am mxriv
gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi avtokefaliis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili s.
giorgaZisa da sxva avtorTa werilebi, romlebic imdroindel Jurnal-
gazeTebSi daistamba.
1901 wels episkoposma kirionma rusul enaze gamosca naSromi `qarTuli
eklesiisa da saegzarqosos istoriis mokle narkvevi XIX s-Si~.
gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi qarTuli eklesiis ganmazogadebeli monografia
m. TamaraSvilisa, gamocemuli romSi 1902 wels frangul enaze (Tbilisi, 1990),
ufro adre patrma TamaraSvilma gamosca `istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa
Soris~, xolo 1904 wels `pasuxi somxis mwerlebs~. n. marma 1907 wels
`cerkovnie vedemostSi~ gamoaqveyna naSromi `qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli
narkvevi~ (rus. enaze). al. cagarelma (1844-1929), qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliisaTvis Tavdadebulma profesorma, krebuli `statiebi da
SeniSvnebi qarTuli saeklesio sakiTxisaTvis~ (rus. enaze, peterb. 1812) da sxva
werilebi gamoaqveyna.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisTanave gamoica evsevi
nikolaZis gamokvleva `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~ (1918, quTaisi) da
meliton kelenjeriZis `saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoria~ (quTaisi, 1918
weli). saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg eklesiis
istoriis Seswavlis saqme Seferxda, miuxedavad amisa qarTvel mecnierTa
SromebSi calkeuli sakiTxebi amomwuravad iqna Seswavlili.
kvlevis maRal, Tanamedrove safexurze ayvana ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli, man gaanaliza CvenSi qristianobis gavrcelebis,
misi saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis, qarTvel-somexTa saeklesio
urTierTobaTa da sxva sakiTxebi. fasdaudebelia k. kekeliZis Rvawli
eklesiis istoriis, saeklesio mwerlobis, bibliografiis, homiletikis,
kanonikis, liturgikis, sasuliero poeziisa da sxvaTa Seswavlis saqmeSi.
eklesiis istoriis kvlevisaTvis masalebi daamuSaves s. janaSiam, n.
berZeniSvilma, s. kakabaZem, m. lorTqifaniZem, S. mesxiam, a. bogveraZem, z.
aleqsiZem sxva mecnierebma da mkvlevarebma. gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi p.
ingoroyvas monografiebi da Sromebi. eklesiis istorias ikvlevdnen qarTveli
ierarqiebi da sasuliero pirebi: patriarqebi kalistrate cincaZe, wm. ambrosi
xelaia, arqimandriti grigol feraZe da sxvebi.
b. lominaZe Tavis naSromSi `saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi
avtokefalia~45 miiCnevs, rom qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia samjer, V, VIII
da XI ss-Si miiRo. misi azriT, balsamonis cnobili cnoba XI s_Si
avtokefaliis miRebas exeba. v. goilaZem sagangebod Seiswavla wyaroebSi
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb daculi cnobebi. misi azriT, VIII s-
Si avtokefalia daudastures ara qarTlis, aramed axladwarmoqmnil qarTuli
saeklesio erTeuls _ afxazeTis sakaTalikosos, xolo XI s_Si ki
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Camoyalibda. antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqebi
dosiTeosi da xrisanfi, XVII s. moRvaweni, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos `qvemo
iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, xolo qarTlis sakaTalikosos ki _
`zemo iberiisas~. antioqia _ ierusalimis patriarqTa es cnobebi moyvanili
aqvs saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi miZRvnil naSromSi berZen mitropolits
maqsimes46. igi ganixilavs qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs da miaCnia,
rom somxur eklesias VI-VIII saukuneebSi ara mTlian qarTul eklesiaze,
aramed mis nawilze mouxdenia zegavlena, misi azriT, saqarTvelo am dros ara
erTiani, aramed sxvadasxva samTavroebad daSlili qveyana iyo.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom XX saukunis qarTuli saero istoriografia
Seecada istoriul mecnierebaSi Canacvleboda saeklesio istoriografias da
misi adgili daekavebina eklesiis istoriis kvlevis sferoSi. saero da
saeklesio istoriografiis monacemebi umeteswilad urTierTsawinaaRmdego
aRmoCndnen. saqme isaa, rom qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia XIX s-Si
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg ufunqciod darCa da Cakvda
(mxolod erTeuli Tavdadebuli moRvaweebi agrZelebdnen mis aTaswlovn
tradiciebs). meore mxriv, qarTulma saero istoriografiam, romelic XX
saukuneSi ver acda aTeistur da rusul imperialistur dakveTebs, aseve
mTlianad ugulebelyo qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia, gamoucxada mis
monacemebs undobloba viTarca `aramecnieruls~, Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi
mTlianad miisakuTra misi monacemebi. kerZod, ra winaaRmdegobaa saero da
saeklesio istoriografias Soris? esaa grZeli sia, romelTagan SeiZleba
gamovyoT zogierTi: 1. saeklesio istoriografia amtkicebda, rom
saqarTveloSi mociqulebma iqadages (saero XX s. dasawyisidan sapirispiros
amtkicebda); 2. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo (qarTlis
samefo), rogorc farnavazis, ise mociqulTa dros moicavda aRmosavleTTan
erTad dasavleT saqarTvelos, rom mefe mirianis dros qarTlis samefos
Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari gadioda mdinare egriswyalze, xolo vaxtang
gorgasalis dros ki mdinare klisuraze, Sesabamisad qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi moqceuli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloc IV-V ss-Si. (saero
istoriografiis Tanaxmad ki aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi saqarTvelo
sxvadasxva qveynebi iyvnen, ix. qvemoT mtkiceba); 3. saeklesio istoriografiis
Tanaxmad, wmida nino aris ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
ganmanaTlebeli, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosic (saero am Tvalsazriss
uaryofs); 4. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, mironi saqarTveloSi IV-V
saukuneebidanve ekurTxeboda (saeros azriT, IX s-dan); 5. saeklesio
istoriografiis Tanaxmad qarTveli eri ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo mefe
farnavazis dros (saeros Tanaxmad igi Camoyalibda XI-XIX ss., erTiani
mosazreba ar arsebobs); 6. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad (wm. giorgi
mTawmideli) qarTuli eklesia Tavisufali (avtokefaluri) iyo mociqulTa
mier Camoyalibebis Semdegve (saeros Tanaxmad man avtokefalia miiRo V, VIII,
anda XI saukuneebSi); 7. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanamxad wmida mefe
vaxtang gorgasali marTlmadidebeli qristiani iyo (saero mecnierTa erTi
nawili mas minofizitad miiCnevs); 8. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad
asureli mamebi diofizitebi iyvnen (saero mecnierTa gavleniani nawilis
azriT isini monofizitebi iyvnen); 9. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, VI-
IX saukuneebSi jer iranelebma, Semdeg ki arabebma, romelnic gamZafrebiT
ebrZodnen bizantiur (e.i. diofizitur) qristinobas da, Sesabamisad, qarTul
eklesias, saqarTvelos periferiul kuTxeebSi gaabatones somxuri
monofizituri eklesia (VI s-Si qvemo qarTlSi (gugarqSi), VI-VII saukuneebSi
taoSi, VI-IX ss-Si - hereTSi), am kuTxeebis eklesiebSi qarTulis nacvlad
SemoRebuli iqna somxurenovani msaxureba. xelsayreli politikuri momentis
dadgomis Tanave jer kirion I kaTalikosis dros gugarq-qvemo qarTlis
eklesiebSi aRdgenili iqna mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliuri qarTulenovani
RvTismsaxureba, Semdeg ki grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi tao-klarjeTsa da
dinara dedoflis dros ki TiTqosda hereTSic (saero istoriografiis
Tanaxmad ki kirion kaTalikosma qvemo qarTlis somexTa Soris danerga
qarTulenovani RvTismaxureba da `gaaqarTvela~ isini, aseve mesxeTSi
TiTqosda grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi qarTulma eklesiam Zaladobis gziT
`gaaqarTvela~ somxebi, aseve hereTSic, rac eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT sruli
gaugebrobaa. e.w. somexTa `gaqarTvelebis~ araswori Teoria amJamad mTlianad
aRiarebulia qarTuli saero istoriografiis mier; 10. msgavsadve, rogorc
aRiniSna, saeklesio istoriografia miiCnevs, rom IV-V saukuneebSi dasavleT
saqarTvelo Sedioda mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi, mxolod Semdgom, kerZod, VII s.
20-iani wlebidan politikur mizeTa gamo aq gavrcelda konstantinopolis
iurisdiqcia da qarTulis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna berZnulenovani wirva-
locva. VIII s-dan afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnis Semdeg ki kvlav
aRsdga qarTulenovani wirva-locva da berZnuli saepiskoposoebic gauqmda
(saeros Tanaxmad Tavidanve e.i. IV s-danve, dasavleT saqarTvelo
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda da aq qarTuli ena mxolod IX s-
dan gavrcelda) da sxva uamravi.
zemoaRniSnulis erTi TvalnaTeli magaliTia axlaxan (2001 wlis
dasawyisSi) n.lomouris mier gamoqveynebuli Sromebi, esenia `qristianobis
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba~ da `saqarTvelos eklesia da misi
avtokefalia~. avtori wers: `rodesac moxda qristianobis damkvidreba
saqarTveloSi da saerTod amierkavkasiaSi, saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo ori
politikuri erTeuliT: aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. qarTlis anu iberiis
samefo da dasavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. egrisis anu lazikis samefo. am or
saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi politikuri, social-ekonomikuri da kulturuli
viTareba sakmao gansxvavebuli iyo da, Sesabamisad, qristianobis gavrceleba
da saboloo damkvidreba sxvadasxva gziT da sxvadasxva situaciaSi
xdeboda~47. e.i. wm. nino mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli
iyo, radgan dasavleT saqarTveloSi sxva gziT Semovida qristianobao.
es daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba qarTul saeklesio istriografiaSi miRebul
saeklesio krebaTa, kerZod ki ruis-urbnisis krebis mier dadgenil debulebas
aRniSnul sakiTxze da agreTve, saerTod qarTvel wmida mamaTa,
istoriografTa da mematianeTa mier tradiciulad gansazRvrul Tvalsazriss.
ruis-urbnisis krebis RvTivganbrZnobil da wmida mamaTa TqmiT,
saqarTvelo erTiani, mTliani qveyana iyo, rogorc andria pirvelwodebuli
mociqulis, ise wmida ninos qadagebaTa dros, amitomac, rogorc wm. andria,
ise wm. nino arian sruliad saqarTvelos da mTeli qarTveli eris
ganmanaTlebelni, ai, aqve moviyvanT Sesabamis amonarids ruis-urbnisis
Zeglisweridan jer Zvel qarTul, Semdeg ki axal qarTul enaze, raTa
mkiTxveli TviTon darwmundes: `pirvelwodebuli andria, ZmaБ Tavisa
mociqulTaБsa petresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli
qadagebaБ saxarebisaБ yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloБsasa da uricxuni
simravleni erTani ganaSora sacTurisagan....~48. aqedan naTlad Cans, rom ruis-
urbnisis krebis dadgenilebis Sesabamisad andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga
ara mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed `yovelsa qveyanasa
saqarTveloisasa~, e.i. sruliad saqarTveloSi, msgavsadve wmida ninom ruis-
urbnisis krebis Tanaxmad `sarwmunoebasa mimarT Tvisisa miizida yoveli
savsebai yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~49. e.i. am krebas miaCnia, rom wmida
ninom mTeli qarTveli eri (`yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~)
gaaqristiana. SeiZleba vinmem Tqvas, am `yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~ dasavleT
saqarTvelo ar igulisxmeba, da am krebis mamebi swored ver sazRvravdnen
qarTvelTa vinaobaso, rasac ver daveTanxmebiT, radganac am krebis
Zeglisweris erT-erTi mTavari xelismomweria giorgi Wyondideli episkoposi
da kreba cxadia `yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~ samegrelos da sruliad
saqarTvelos mosaxleobas gulisxmobda, sadac iqadaga kidec berZnuli
wyaroebis mixedviTac wmida ninom, ronmelsac qvemoT SevexebiT. igive ruis-
urbnisis kreba mefe mirianTan dakavSirebiT wers: `naTel iRon man da
yovelman erman qarTlisaman~50. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ kerZod ki Cveni udidesi
saeklesio istorikosis leonti mroveli episkoposis Tanaxmad mefe mirianis
samefoSi aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTveloc `egrisic~ Sedioda:
`mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarT qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs,
movakans da egrs~51.
ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris axali qarTuli Sesabamisi teqsti
aseTia: `mociqulTagan erTi - pirvelwodebuli andria, mociqulTa Tavis,
petres Zma Cvenamde movida, saxarebis sacxonebeli qadageba mTel
52
saqarTveloSi iqadaga~ . am krebis gansazRvrebiT, wmida ninom `Tavisi
sarwmunoebis mimarT miizida qarTvelTa sruli modgma~52, wmida mefe mirianis
dros `naTeli iRo man da mTelma qarTvelma erma~52.
ai, esaa saeklesio istoriografiis mtkiceba, rom rogorc andria
pirvelwodebulis, ise wmida ninos dros naTeliRo mTelma erma. es
Tvalsazrisi savsebiT gansxvavdeba baton nodar lomouris Tvalsazrisisagan,
rom TiTqosda aRniSnul epoqaSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianoba sul
sxva gziTa da sxva viTarebaSi dainerga. sxvaTa Soris batoni nodar
lomouris Teoria, romelic mecnierebaSi axal sityvad miiCneva, ara Tu Zalze
hgavs, aramed imeorebs kidec XV saukuneSi antioqiis patriarq mixeilis
Teorias.
didi ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, saqarTveloSi Camosulma antioqiis
patriarqma mixeilma `SeTxza Teoria saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis
dasarRvevad, qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa saukunovani brZoliT
miRweuli monapovris, saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavisuflebis mosaspobad, misi
erTianobis dasarRvevad~53. raTa advilad daemorCilebina. es Teoria SemdegSi
mdgomareobs - TiTqosda andria mociquli ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad
saqarTvelosi, aramed mxolod misi dasavleT nawilisa, aseve wmida nino
ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad saqarTvelos, aramed mxolod misi aRmosavleT
nawilisa. ivane javaxiSvili wers: `giorgi mTawmideli da gansakuTrebiT
efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis yvela sulisCamdgmeli
da nikoloz kaTalikosi amtkiceben, rom andria mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsa
qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo Semdgom qristianoba kvlav aRadgina wmida
ninom, romlis saswaulmoqmedebam da qadagebam `miizida yoveli savseba
yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, nikoloz kaTalikosic wmida ninos saerTo
mociqulad da ganmanaTleblad sTvlida, `Cven qarTvelTaisa~54. erTi sityviT,
andria mociulica da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad
da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini
mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis
iRwvodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi mixeili, swored am qarTvel
saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da mTeli qarTveli erisagan
Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~55.
samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTvel `saxelovan mecnierTa~ (iv. javaxiSvilis
sityvebia) mier Cvendami boZebul Semecnebas spobs zogierTi axali qarTveli
mecnieri. maTgan gansxvavebiT, jer kidev saukunis dasawyisSi gaarkvia ivane
javaxiSvilma, rom `qronologiuradac qristianobis gavrcelebis dasawyisi
aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi rogorc etyoba, erTsa da imave
xanas unda vigulisxmoT, am mxriv gansakuTrebiTYyuradRebis Rirsia gelasi
kvizikelis moTxroba. mas iberTa moqcevis ambavSi naTqvami aqvs `amave dros
pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma RmrTis
sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwynares~. gamodis, rom aRmosavleTsa
da dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianoba erTsa da imave dros miuRia... gelasi
kvizikelis danarTi cnoba, rom iberebma da lazebma erTsa da imave dros
miiRes qristianoba, arsebiTad swori gamodis im mxriv, rom dasavleT
saqarTveloSic IV s. damdegidan qristianobas gza gakvleuli unda hqonoda~56.
iberTa moqcevis Sesaxeb IV s-Si werdnen sokrate, sozomeni, Teodorite
kvirikeli, nikifore kallisto da sxvani. marTalia isini ar axseneben
lazebis gaqristianebas, magram amis mizezi iyo is, rom lazebs iberieli
xalxis erT-erT tomad miiCnevdnen, gelasi kvizikels ki es ambavi ufro
daukonkretebia.
vfiqrobT gansakuTrebiT Semawuxebelia wmida qarTvel mamaTa sulTaTvis
amJamindeli saero mecnierebis mcdeloba daukavSiron saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis mopoveba petre fulonis saxels. petroz mkawrvelad
moixsenieben mas Zvel eklesiaSi da miiCneven erT-erT yvelaze did
mwvaleblad - monofizitobisa da TviT xatmebrZolobis fuZemdebladac ki.
batoni n.lomouri wers: `jer kidev 1910 w. m.TamaraSvilma sakmaod
damajereblad daasabuTa, rom balsamonis `ufali petre~ (romlis
patriarqobis drosac antioqiis krebis mier gamotanili iqna dadgenileba
iberiis aeklesiis avtokefaliisa) ar SeiZleba iyos petre III da ufro
savaraudoa misi gaigiveba patriarq petre fulonTan, romelic V s-is 70-80-
iani wlebis moRvawe iyo~57.
Zveli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiisaTvis ki warmoudgenelia aseTi
daskvna, saqme isaa, rom petroz mkawvreli - gansakuTrebulad sZuldaT Zvel
saqarTveloSi viTarca mwvaleblobis eresiaqi, eqvTime mTawmidelis mier
gamocemuli `mcire sjuliskanonis~ mixedviT man SemoiRo e.w. `xaCecari~,
yovladmiwda samebis jvarcmis galoba. `wmida mamebma maSin SeaCvenes misi
avtori petroz mkawvreli - mwvalebeli, romelmac SemoiRo meoTxe piri... da
vnebulad CaTvala wmida sameba. SeCvenebuli iyos samebis amgvari gmoba da
misi mgmobelic~58. eqvTime aTonelis Tanaxmad, VI msoflio kreba 68-e TavSic
Seexo petroz mkawvrels, sadac igi xatmebrZlobis eresis mesaZirkvledac
dasaxa - `petroz mkawvrelma, rogorc `xaCecari~ SemoiRo, agreTve es
wvalebac daTesa maT Soris da Zlier gvewyina am ujero ambis smena~59.
Tanamedrove saero istoriografia miiCnevs, rom monofizitobis eresiarqma
petre fulonma pirvel qarTvel kaTalikos petres daasxa xeli da amiT
avtokefalia mianiWa saqarTvelos eklesias, magram saeklesio istoriografiis
Tanaxmad, antioqiis es patriarqi iqamde mokla (qviT Caqola) qarTvelTa
mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma, maSin roca igi Seecada qarTlSi Semosvlasa da
monofizitobis gavrcelebas60. ase, rom qarTveli saeklesio
istoriografiisaTvis warmoudgenelic kia qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
dakavSireba petre fulonTan, rogorc warsulis magaliTebi aCvenebs, saero
istoriografiac odesme albaT miva imave daskvnamde.
netarxsenebuli babilina lominaZe, romelTanac me sakmaod xSiri Sexvedra
mqonda sapatriarqoSi avtokefaliis sabuTebis moZiebis dros, acxadebda, rom
pirdapiri cnoba V s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs, amitomac
igi daeyrdno qarTlis cxovrebis cnobil cnobas, vaxtang gorgasalis mier
bizantiidan 12 episkoposis Camoyvanisa da saqarTveloSi dadginebis Sesaxeb.
batoni n.lomouri imeorebs am daskvnas da wers - `kanonikurad
damoukideblad iTvleboda da moqmedebda eklesia, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mas sul cota 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari krebis mowveva SeeZlo~61, da is
garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSic V s-Si gaCnda 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari
kreba, adasturebs qarTlis eklesiis mier damoukideblobis, avtokefaliis
miRebas~61. n.lomouri Tavisi daskvnis gamotanis dros eyrdnoba karTagenis
krebis kanons. marTlac am krebis me-12 kanoni brZanebs - `ukeTu vinme
episkoposi Tvinier krebisaTvis ganCinebulisa Jamisa gankiTxvisa Tanamdebad
ipoos, egeviTari igi ganikiTxnen aTormetTa mier episkoposTa~62. rogorc
cnobilia, msoflio krebebis kanonebi ganimarteba ara nebismierad, aramed misi
cnobili komentatorebis aristines, zonaras da balsamonis mier. am wmida
mamaTa komentarebi gamocemulia qarTulad63, ai, rogor komentarebs ukeTeben
am kanons (e.i. `Tu romelime episkoposi mowvevis dros dadgenil dromde
braldebuli iyos, aseTi ganikiTxos Tormetma episkoposma~): - `12. karTagenis
eklesiaSi gansakuTrebiT bevri episkoposi iyo (466 kaTedra) da amis gamo, maT
SeeZloT episkoposis gasamarTlebisaTvis daedginaT qvorumis didi norma...
amgvarad am kanons, iseve, rogorc amave krebis me-14 kanons sasamarTlo
kvorumis mxriv hqonda adgilobrivi mniSvneloba karTagenis eklesiisaTvis
misi mravalricxovani episkoposebiT~64. imaves amboben me-14 kanonis
komentarebisas - `kanoni uTiTebs gamonaklisze karTagenis krebis me-12 kanonis
gamoyenebis dros. mas aqvs adgilobrivi da ara saerTo saeklesio
mniSvneloba~65. (e.i. es kanoni 12 episkoposis Sesaxeb araa saerTo eklesiuri
mniSvnelobisa, aramed mxolod karTagenis eklesiisTvisaa gankuTvnili).
ukeTesad Tqma SeuZlebelia, vaxtang mefis mier 12 episkoposis dadgineba
ar SeiZleba avtokefalias davukavSiroT da mivuTiToT amis Sesaxeb
karTagenis krebis Sesabamis kanonebze, radganac maT adgilobrivi da ara
saerTo saeklesio mniSvneloba gaaCndaT.
maSasadame zemoxsenebul avtorTa mtkiceba argumentirebuli ar aris,
xolo giorgi mTawmidelis mtkiceba qarTuli eklesiis mociqulTa droidanve
avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb argumentirebuli iyo, radganac I-IV saukuneebSi
daarsebuli eklesiebi daarsebisTanave namdvilad iyvnen avtokefalurebi,
imJamindeli normis Sesabamisad. vitovebT imeds, rom saero istriografia am
sakiTxSic Zvel saeklesios daeTanxmeba da sabolod ki gaaerTianeben saerTo
Zalebs qarTveli erisa da eklesiis sakeTildReod. aRsaniSnavia, rom
kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe eklesiis avtokefaliis sayrdenad
miiCnevda sinodSi 12 episkoposis yofnas da amis gasamarTleblad miuTiTebda
aRniSnul kanons. saqme is iyo, rom imJamindeli komunisturi reJimi cdilobda
episkoposTa Semcirebas, xolo kalistrate eklesiis gasaZliereblad
cdilobda episkoposTa gamravlebas, amitomac miuTiTebda aRniSnuli kanonis
Sesaxeb. maSasadame, misi qmedeba ufro saeklesio politikis sferos Seexeboda
aTeistTa batonobisas da ara kanonikas. uwmidesma kalistratem, cxadia,
kargad icoda saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa ganmartebani, rom karTagenis
aRniSnuli kanoni adgilobiribvi mniSvnelobisa iyo da ara saerTo
eklesiuri.
Cveni msjeloba Seexeba survils, raTa saeklesio istoriografiam Cvens
sazogadoebaSi daibrunos is Rirseuli adgili da avtoriteti, romelic mas
daukarges rusTa da aTeistTa batonobisas XIX-XX saukuneebSi. es survili
exmianeba da faqtiurad imeorebs zustad asi wlis win qarTvel
mRvdelmTavarTa ruseTis imperatorisa da eklesiisaTvis gagzavnil Txovnas,
raTa daarsebuliyo mTel ruseTis imperiaSi (romelSic maSin saqarTveloc
Sedioda) Tundac erTaderTi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Semswavleli
samecniero centri. imJamad ruseTis mmarTvel wreebs surdaT didi zeimiT
aReniSnaT e.w. saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis 100 wlisTavi, amitomac
mTavrobam gadawyvita qarTuli sazogadoebis zogierTi Txovnis Sesruleba. am
momentiT isargebles qarTvelma episkoposebma da gagzavnes Sesabamisi Txovna,
romelSic kerZod werdnen: `viTvaliswinebT saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis
100 wlisTavs, 1901 wlis 18 ianvars da migvaCnia, rom Cveni pirveli da uwmidesi
valia SevevedroT wm. sinods peterburgis Teologiis akademiaSi daarsos
qarTuli saeklesio istoriis damoukidebeli kaTedra, sadac Seiswavlian
xelnawerebsa da yvelafers, rac ki qarTul eklesias exeba. es naSromebi
gaamdidreben Teologiur da saeklesio literaturas da naTels mohfenen
msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiis naklebad Seswavlil furclebs~66.
ruseTSi, kerZod, ki peterburgSi, 1911 wels marTlac Seiqmna saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis Semswavleli centri, romelmac mxolod ramdenime weli
iarseba bolSevikebis gabatonebamde. saqarTveloSi arc menSevikebis da
miTumetes arc bolSevikebis dros cxadia aseTi centrebi ar arsebobda.
amJamad arc Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetsa da arc sxva universitetsa
da institutSi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis ara Tu fakulteti, kaTedrac
ki ar arsebobs, Tumca ki amas, rogorc aRvniSneT asi wlis winac iTxovdnen
qarTveli episkoposebi. Sesabamisad, rogorc sazogadoebas, ise student
axalgazrdebsa da skolis mowafeebs saSualeba ar eZlevaT WeSmaritebiT
Seiswavlon deda eklesiis istoria, romlis SeswavliTac maT CaenergebodaT
siyvaruli RvTisa da siyvaruli moyvasisa, mamulisa da mSobeli erisa, rac
yovelTvis saWiroa yoveli sazogadoiebisaTvis.
saeklesio samarTlis
werilobiTi wyaroebis Sesaxeb

`saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebSi~ Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo da 21

mimdinare kreba (IV-XVIII ss), am krebaTagan zogierTma gamosca sakanonmdeblo
samarTlebrivi aqti, romelTac epoqaTa Sesabamisad ewodebaT `Zegliswera~,
`Zeglis dadeba~, `samarTali~, `mcnebaБ sasjulo~, `kanonni~, `xeliTwerili~,
`dawerili~, `ganCineba~, `sigeli~, `moxseneba~, `sakanonos wigni~ da sxv.
saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi Tan erTvis naSromis
Sesabamis paragrafs.
1. ruis-urbnisis krebis teqsti daibeWda i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi~ III tomidan. i. doliZe, rogorc cnobilia, iyo qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis wyaroebis udidesi mcodne XX s-Si. mas ruis-urbnisis krebis
teqsti dabeWdili aqvs ori uZvelesi nusxis A-76 da Rt, VI, N5 (III)-is mixedviT.
yofili `saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondis~ (A), amJamad ki xelnawerTa
institutis fondSi daculi A-76 warmoadgens krebuls, dawerilia qaRaldze
XII s. nusxiT. masSi ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweras 238-248 gverdebi
uWiravs.
amave A-76 nusxas iyenebs e. gabiZaSvili `didi sjulis-kanonis~ 1975 wlis
kritikulad dadgenil teqstSi. qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis aRniSnuli
mniSvnelovani Zegli (`Zegliswera~) gamocemuli i. doliZisa da e.
gabiZaSvilis mier Cvens mier Sepirispirebulia erTmaneTTan, amis gamo teqstSi
muxlebi davyaviT e. gabiZaSvilis dayofis mixedviT.
2. `Zeglis dadebis~ teqsti (mefe giorgi brwyinvalis droindeli Zegli)
ibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis67 mixedviT, romelsac safuZvlad udevs
xelnaweri S3683. teqsti Sepirispirebulia e. TayaiSvilis mier aRmoCenil XVII
s. xelnawerTan (H3094).
3. beqas da aRbuRas samarTali, bagrat kurapalatis, e. w. `kanonikuri
samarTlis~ muxlebi, `samarTali kaTalikozTa~, `vaxtangis samarTlis~
muxlebi ibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT67, romelic eyrdnoba TviT
vaxtang VI-is mier naredaqtirev xelnawers (S3683).
 4. `mcnebaБ sasjuloБ~ ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba or
xelnawers: cssa f. 1448, sab. #5020, dedani da xelnawerTa institutis Sd 2920
piri.
5. `ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesis da rigis Taobaze~
ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad340.
6. `kanoni~ 1748 w. krebisa, ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba
xelnawerTa institutis Q412 krebuls. sabuTs krebulis 1-8 gverdebi uWiravs.
krebuli gadawerilia 1755.
7. `xelwerili~ imereTis 1759 w. krebisa. ibeWdeba T. Jordanias qronikebis
III tomidan (1967 w.).
8. dadgenileba saeklesio krebisa (1762 w.) ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT.
eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad856; `mcneba mRudelTaTvis~ i. doliZis
qsZ t. III. xelnawerTa institutis A317 krebuls; maqsime kaTalikosisi
mcnebani~ cssa f. 1448.
9. sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar mijnaZorel mamebisadmi (quTaisis
saeklesio kreba 1058) ibeWdeba `qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi~69
mixedviT. eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Sd1201 etrats.
10 `saqarTvelos eklesiis Seuvalobis ganaxlebis sigeli giorgi III-sa~
(Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba, 1178) ibeWdeba i. doliZis qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~ (t. II, 1965) mixedviT, esaa xelnawerTa institutis Ad-15 dedani,
etrati pirvelad gamosca T. Jordaniam (qronikebi I).
11. dawerili etifane kaTalikosisa anel xucesTa sargos ganwesebis
Sesaxeb~ (anisis Sekreba, 1218), ibeWdeba i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~ (t. III, 1970) mixedviT. teqsti gadmobeWdilia n. maris gamocemidan
Известия Императорской Академии Наук, 1910, с. 1437-1439.
12. ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb~ (SiomRvimis
saeklesio kreba XIII s. 40-iani wlebi), ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT.
xelnaweri dakargulia, gamoqveynebulia T.Jordanias mier (SiomRvimis
sabuTrebi, gv. 50-52).
13. moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa mefisadmi (mcxeTis saeklesio
kreba 1263). ibeWdeba qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi I (IX-XIII ss)
mixedviT, romelic eyrdnoba saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio aqrivis
(scsa 1448-6501) xelnawers.
14. samTavisis samwysos sakanonos wigni grigol saTavnelisadmi
(samTavisis saeklesio kreba, 1459), ibeWdeba i.doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi~ (t. III. 1970), eyrdoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad559 da Ad604
xelnawerebs. daTariRebulia i. doliZis mier.

saqarTvelos eklesiis
mimdinare krebebi

1. episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IV-V s.s.)

cnobil kanonists T. balsamons rogorc qarTuli aseve sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebis TavisTavadobis safuZvlad miaCnda meore msoflio
krebis meore kanoni, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia: `TiToeul samTavros
(eparqias) ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis
Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~70. am kanonis
Tanaxmad, balsamons miaCnda, rom yovel saxelmwifoSi arsebul eklesias
ganagebda adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba71.
msoflio krebebs, rogorc wesi, iwvevdnen jer romis, Semdeg ki
bizantiis imperiaSi, maT farglebs gareT e.w. warmarT barbarosTa, anu
ZvelqarTuliT Tu vityviT, `barbarozebrTa warmarTTa Soris~ mcxovrebi
qristiani xalxebis eklesiebi, aRniSnuli II msoflio krebis meore kanonis
Sesabamisad, imarTeboda `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~.
safiqrebelia, rom II msoflio krebis II kanoni `warmarTTa Soris arsebul
ucxo tomTa eklesiebSi~ gulisxmobda rom-bizantiis imperiis sazRvrebs
gareT moqceul eklesiebs. marTlac, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo imyofeboda
imperiis gareT. maSasadame, misi eklesia `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli
kanonebis~ Sesabamisad unda emarTaT. am kanonTa Soris IV s-is bolos, 381
wels, ASemdgari II msoflio kreba, Cans, gulisxmobda mociqulTa kanonebis
34-e muxls, romelSic naTqvamia: `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen
maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda
gaakeTon mis gareSe... magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs
nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase SeiZleba
aResrulos erTneboba da ididos RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~72.
zemoT moyvanili kanonebidan Cans, rom TavisTavad eklesiaSi uTuod unda
iyos ramdenime episkoposi, romelTa krebac marTavs am eklesias, xolo
eklesiis Tavs irCeven am eklesiis episkoposebi. ismis kiTxva: hyavda Tu ara
qarTul eklesias IV saukunesa da V saukunis I naxevarSi ramdenime
episkoposi? zogierTi mecnieris azriT, aRniSnul epoqaSi qarTul eklesiaSi
iyo mxolod da mxolod erTi episkoposi, isic ucxoeli mRvdelmTavris mier
daniSnul-xeldasxmuli.
Cven viciT, rom qarTuli eklesia organizaciuli saxiT Camoyalibda IV
saukunis dasawyisSi (324-326 wlisaTvis). ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweris Tanaxmad,
mefe mirianis dros imperator konstantines mivlinebiT Camosul antioqiis
patriarqs evstaTis dauarsebia igi. maSasadame, Tu es marTlac ase moxda, igi
(eklesia) unda emarTaT qristian msoflioSi im droisaTvis miRebuli
saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, romelTa Sesaxebac zemoT visaubreT, kerZod,
qarTuli eklesia unda emarTa episkoposTa krebas, xolo eklesias unda
hyoloda episkoposTa mier arCeuli `pirveli~, anu mTavari episkoposi.
nikeis I msoflio krebis mexuTe kanonis Tanaxmad, TiToeul `samTavroSi~,
anu romaul provinciaSi weliwadSi orjer unda Catarebuliyo episkoposTa
kreba. samTavros episkoposTa saerTo krebaze unda garCeuliyo sadavo saqme
sajarod, samarTlianad, yvelas mxardaWeriT. im droisaTvis weliwadSi ori
kreba unda mowveuliyo: erTi _ marxvamde, meore ki rTvlis dros73.
romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis Semdeg
didi, sameufeo qalaqebis episkoposebi TavianT mezoblad mdebare
provinciebze avrcelebdnen xelisuflebas, rac daadastura I msoflio krebis
meeqvse kanonma, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, II msoflio krebis II kanonis
Tanaxmad, imperiis farglebs gareT mdebare eklesiebi `mamaTa kanonebis
Sesabamisad imarTeboda~, e.i. meti TavisuflebiT, sakuTari, adgilobrivi
tradiciebisa da Zveli saeklesio Cvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT. s. janaSias
mixedviT, qarTul eklesiaSi ara erTi, aramed episkoposTa simravle
arsebobda. igi wers: `raki qarTlSi qristianoba saxelmwifoebriv
sarwmunoebad gadaiqca, qarTlis eklesiamac iseTive wyobileba miiRo,
rogoric hqonda TviT qarTlis samefos. ase xdeboda sxva qveynebSic. calke
saerisTaoebis saqmeebs ganagebdnen episkoposebi, romelnic emorCilebodnen
qarTlis, anu mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs. episkoposebs eqvemdebarebodnen
xucesebi, anu mRvdlebi~74.
s. janaSias Tanaxmad, CvenSi vaxtang gorgaslamde imdenive saepiskoposo
yofila, ramdeni saerisTavoc iyo qarTlis samefoSi. b. mWedliSvilis
mixedviT ki episkoposebis ricxvi gacilebiT meti SeiZleba yofiliyo:
`gaqristianebamde saxelmwifoSi yvela qalaqsa Tu mniSvnelovan dabas Tavisi
episkoposi unda hyoloda, zogan oric. sxvagvarad qristianuli qveynis
statusi da eklesiis struqtura warmoudgenelia. amasTan, Cven qvemoT vnaxavT,
rom saqarTveloSi V s. bolos 30-ze meti episkoposi moRvaweobda. juanSeri
CamoTvlis, sad dasva vaxtangma episkoposebi... am siis mixedviT, sakuTriv
qarTlSi mxolod ori episkoposi Cans, mcxeTis da niqozis, Tbilisic ki,
romelic TiTqosda vaxtangma daaarsa, eklesiis mesveuris gareSe aRmoCnda.
garda amisa, ra vuyoT sxva Zvel qalaqebs - ufliscixes, armazcixes, kasps,
nekress, tyetba-gulgulas, ujarma-kawareTs, gaCian-curtavs, samSvildesa da
sxva CvenTvis ucnob qalaqebsa da dabebs, amdenad juanSeris episkoposTa sia
asaxavs mxolod vaxtangis mier dasmul episkoposTa raodenobas da ara
episkoposTa ricxvs. Tavis droze iv. javaxiSvilma miaqcia juanSeris cnobebis
Seusabamobas yuradReba da aRniSna: `juanSeris sityvebidan iseTi daskvnis
gamotana SeiZleba, TiTqos mas mxolod imaTi dasaxeleba sdomebodes,
romelnic antioqiis patriarqma akurTxa, magram maSin marto juanSeris am
cnobaze dayrdnoba SeuZlebelia~. maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvili gamoyofda
`uZveles xanas~, romelic vaxtang gorgasalamde gulisxmobs. am `uZveles
xanaSi~ mTavarepiskoposebi xelmZRvanelobdnen qarTul eklesias. `mTavar~ an
`Tavi episkoposTais~ arseboba TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom maT hyavdaT
eparqiaTa episkoposebi, e.i. gorgaslamdec yofilan episkoposebi~75. n.b
erZeniSvilisa da sxva cnobili mecnierebis Tanaxmad, IV saukunis
saqarTveloSi episkoposebi isxdnen saerisTavo da sapitiaxSo centrebSi.
ramdeni saerisTavoc iyo, imdeni saepiskoposo saydari (kaTedra) arsebobda.
e.i. eparqiaTa sazRvrebi, ZiriTadad, emTxveoda saerisTavoTa sazRvrebs. V
saukunis Sua wlebSi qarTlis samefoSi ocdaaTiode saepiskoposo yofila76.
miuTiTebs Tu ara romelime wyaro, reformamde, e.i. IV saukunesa da V s.
pirvel naxevarSi episkoposTa simravles? wmida ninos cxovreba mogviTxrobs,
rom Tavisi gardacvalebis Jams mefe mirianma masTan misul episkoposebs
gadasca Tavisi anderZi, amasTanave, Seevedra wmida ninos saflavisaTvis didi
yuradReba mieqciaT - edidebinaT igi, `davedra episkoposTa, raTa adidon
dideba mis adgilisa~77. ase yofila IV s-is 60-ian wlebSi. matianes Tanaxmad,
qarTlSi episkoposTa simravle arsebobda vaxtang gorgasalis reformamde,
e.i. V saukunis I naxevarSi, magaliTad, sparseTidan dabrunebul vaxtangs
Seegebnen episkoposebi: `miegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni spasalarni
da maT Tana episkoposni~78. amasTanave, arsebobs sxva uZvelesi wyaro,
romlidanac Cans, rom saeklesio reformamde, sakaTalikosos daarsebamde,
miqael mTavarepiskoposs hyavda mravali episkoposi. am wyaros siZvele
araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, amasTanave miuTiTebs ZvelqarTuli saeklesio
istoriografiis Tvalsazriss, rom qarTul eklesiaSi vaxtang gorgasalis
reformamde mravali saepiskoposo arsebobda, kerZod, wyaros Tanaxmad,
sarwmunoebrivi saWiroebis dros `SeWura miqael sulman-wmidaman da
warmovida mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRvdelTa Tana~79. igive wyaro
miqael mTavarepiskoposis xelqveiT myof episkoposTa Sesaxeb sxva adgilasac
mogviTxrobs (miqaeli iyo vaxtang gorgasalis Tanamedrove).
saqarTvelos mezobel antioqiaSi 344 wels Semdgari krebis Tanaxmad,
eklesiaSi kanonad iqca ZvelTaganve arsebuli wesi, rom eklesiis meTaurad
episkoposTa Soris unda SeerCiaT dedaqalaqis episkoposi. antioqiis krebis
mecxre kanonis Tanaxmad, eklesiis meTaurs, anu `Tavs~ adgenda TviT
saeklesio olqis episkoposebis kreba. am kanonis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos
eklesiis meTaurad mcxeTeli episkoposi unda SeerCia adgilobriv
episkoposTa krebas. marTlac, Cven yvela Zveli wyarodan viciT, rom mcxeTeli
episkoposi yovelTvis `mTavari~ iyo sxva episkoposTa mimarT. amasTanave,
yoveli Zveli wyaro mogviTxrobs, rom am episkoposs Tavis taxtze (saydarze)
`svamda~ qarTlis mefe an romelime sxva xelisufali, magaliTad, eklesiis
meTaurad IV s.-Si mefem samRvdelmTavro taxtze `dasva~ mTavarepiskoposi
elia, aseve `dasves~ misi momdevno svimoni, saberZneTidan Camoyvanili mRvdeli
miqaeli `daadgines episkoposad~ da a.S.80.
e.i. saeklesio kreba irCevda meTaurs, mas ki mefe `svamda~ Tavis saydarze.
ase iyo msoflio eklesiaSic. krebis Catareba, meTauris arCeva da dasma ar
iyo ucxo imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis. garkveuli wreebi TviT
mefes irCevdnen da svamdnen taxtze. magaliTad, mefe mirianis Zmiswuli
Trdati mefed `dasves~ qarTvelma warCinebulebma: `maSin warCinebulTa
qarTlisaTa zraxva yves da dasues mefed simamri varaz-baqarisi, Ze revisi,
Zmiswuli mirianisi, kaci moxucebuli, saxeliT Trdati~81. aseve mefe arCil I
aznaurTa krebam `dasva~ mefed. `SeiTques aznaurni qarTlisani... dasues mefed
arCil~82. unda vifiqroT, rom radganac imdroindeli qarTuli
sazogadoebisaTvis Sekreba da meTauris gamorCeva uCveulo ar yofila,
qarTveli episkoposebic TavianT krebaze gamoirCevdnen eklesiis meTaurs,
rogorc amas moiTxovda zemoT miTiTebuli msoflio kanonebi.
mefe vaxtangis dros gaZlierda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. qveyana
gaerTianda, Semoemata axali teritoriebi, kerZod, daubrunda klarjeTi da
afxazeTis didi nawili mdinare klisuramde, romlebic iqamde mitacebuli iyo
berZenTa mier da Sedioda bizantiis imperiaSi, maSasadame, Sediodnen
bizantiuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. axla saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg am
kuTxeebSi unda aRdgeniliyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia. es dabruneba
unda momxdariyo bizantiis imperatorisa da, cxadia, eklesiis dadasturebiT.
vaxtangamde mZime saxelmwifoebrivi viTarebis gamo, qveyanaSi sparselTa
batonobis Sedegad qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda ramdenime sarwmunoebrivi
dajgufeba - proberZnuli da prosparsuli orientaciisa (im droisaTvis
sparseTSi arsebobda Zlieri qristianuli organizacia - sparseTis
sakaTalikoso). saeklesio dajgufebis erTi nawili ki orgulobas iCenda
mefis mimarT, radganac qveyanaSi arsebuli feodalizaciis procesis gamo
eklesiis zogierTi ierarqi gadaiqca Zlier miwaTmflobelad, Zalzed
gaZlierda da aRar apirebda mefisadmi morCilebas, rac gamoCnda miqael
episkoposisa da vaxtang gorgasalis urTierTobis dros. maSasadame,
saeklesio reforma iTvaliswinebda eklesias CamoSorebodnen prosparsuli
orientaciis episkoposebi da agreTve, zogierTi proberZnuli orientaciis
urCi episkoposi. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros eklesiis mmarTvel episkoposTa
Zliereba da avtoriteti didad iyo gazrdili sparselTa nebiT. wyaroebidan
Cans, rom somxeTSi sparselebma xelisufleba CamoarTves naxararebs, gaauqmes
mefoba da samagierod xelisufleba gadasces episkoposebsa da eklesias.
msgavsi viTareba unda yofiliyo vaxtangamde saqarTveloSic. aseTi viTarebis
dros vaxtang gorgasalma gadawyvita sasuliero daxmareba mieRo bizantiidan,
msoflio sapatriarqoebidan da maTze dayrdnobiT ganexorcielebina
saeklesio reforma. marTlac, Cans, vaxtangma urCi episkoposebis nacvlad,
bizantiidan miiRo ukve nakurTxi axali episkoposebi, e.i. am axali
episkoposebis zurgs ukan idga msoflio eklesiis avtoriteti da bizantiis
imperiis Semweoba. konstantinopolisa da antioqiis patriarqebis nebiT
saqarTveloSi vaxtangs miuvida Tormeti axali episkoposi da maTi meTauri,
vaxtangis mier winaswar SerCeuli kaTalikosi petre. axali episkoposebi
dasves klarjeTSi, eruSeTSi (es axlad SemoerTebuli miwebi iyo), javaxeTSi,
manglisSi, bolnisSi, rusTavSi, ninowmidaSi, WeremSi, CeleTSi, xornabujSi,
agarakSi (yvela es saepiskoposo mdebareobda qvemo qarTlsa da kaxeT-hereTSi,
e.i. sparseTTan mosazRvre mxareebSi, sadac didi unda yofiliyo sparselTa
gavlena, maSasadame, prosparsuli saeklesio orientacia). mefes mxolod
mogvianebiT erTi axali saepiskoposo dauarsebia Sida qarTlSi _ niqozSi.
episkoposTa aseTi simravlis dros, cxadia, qarTul eklesiaSi tardeboda
saeklesio krebebi. Cans, saqarTvelos eklesia imarTeboda saeklesio wesebis,
kerZod, ki siriul-romauli samarTlis Sesabamisad83 ganagebdnen qarTul
eklesias. maT Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT gvqonda mimoxilva wina TavSi _
`saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi IV-V saukuneebSi, _ amitom aRar SevexebiT.

2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 weli)

VI saukunis dasawyisSi, 506 wels, somxeTis qalaq dvinSi mowveul iqna
amierkavkasiis qveynebis gaerTianebuli kreba, romelsac daeswro 24 qarTveli
episkoposi qarTlis kaTalikosTan erTad. marTalia, es kreba ar iyo
saqarTvelos adgilobrivi kreba, magram CvenTvis sainteresoa imiT, rom mas
qarTvel episkoposTa simravle daeswro da krebam aRiara is sarwmunoebrivi
mimarTuleba, romelic bizantiaSi iyo aRiarebuli. miuxedavad amisa, krebaze
qarTuli eklesiis warmomadgenelTa monawileoba Seicavda iZulebis
elementebs, radganac 506 wlis kreba araqarTuli Zalebis karnaxiT iqna
mowveuli. s. janaSias TqmiT, `mokles Tu ara vaxtang gorgasali, sparselebis
mTavari mteri da mowinaaRmdege amierkavkasiaSi, maSinve 506 wels sparselebma
somxeTis qalaq dvinSi moiwvies somxeTis, qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebis
saerTo kreba~84.
 ratom iyvnen dainteresebulni isini saeklesio krebis mowveviT? rogorc s.
janaSia wers: `roca sparselebi iZulebuli gaxdnen uari eTqvaT mazdeanobis
gavrcelebaze amierkavkasiaSi da samagierod monofizituri qristianobis
mfarvelebad iqcnen, saeklesio mwerlobas daavales, monofizituri ideebi da
sparseTTan ganuyreli kavSiris aucilebloba eqadaga. am mizniT sparseTis
mefis agentebma SeTxzes legendebi, viTomc qristianoba somxeTsa, qarTlsa da
albaneTSi erTi piris mier aris danergili, viTomc qarTuli, somxuri da
albanuri anbani agreTve erTi piris mier aris gamogonili da rom es
`ganmanaTleblebi~ imave dros viTomc sparseTTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni.
monofizitebi Seubraleblad spobdnen diofizitebis, anu qalkedonitebis
mwerlobas... sparseTis mTavroba sxva saSualebebsac mimarTavda am
ideologiuri kavSiris gansamtkiceblad. mas surda, magaliTad, somxeTis,
qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rom ufro advili yofiliyo
maTi marTva sparseli moxeleebisaTvis1, amitomac mouwveviaT dvinis kreba 506
wels, `amis Semdeg eklesia sparselebis mTavari dasayrdeni gaxda~84.
s. janaSia samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom `am krebaze, ise, rogorc mTels
momdevno periodSi, iniciativas somxebi flobdnen, rogorc ufro Zveli
monofizitebi da iranis politikur centrTan ufro daaxloebulni~85.
meore mxriv, bizantiac iyo dainteresebuli, raTa qarTul da sxva
kavkasiur eklesiebs mieRoT is sarwmunoebrivi platforma, romelic
mniSvnelovani iyo imperiisaTvis im epoqaSi. saqme is iyo, rom qalkedonis
krebam gaaRiziana bizantieli monofizitebi, romelnic mosaxleobis sakmao
raodenobas warmoadgendnen. saimperio centrebi, gansakuTrebiT ki
periferiebi, daZabulobis kerebad iqca. SesaZlo didi samoqalaqo omis
Tavidan asacileblad bizantiis keisarma zenonma (474-491) 482 wels gamosca
erTianobis aqti, romelsac henotikoni ewoda. henotikoni cdilobda
monofizitebisa da diofizitebis morigebas da gaurboda iseT gamoTqmebs,
rogoricaa `erTi buneba~ an `ori buneba~. bizantia dainteresebuli iyo
henotikonis gavrcelebiT kavkasiaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki somxeTSi, romelic
mniSvnelovan sadavo qveyanas warmoadgenda sparseTsa da bizantias Soris. im
droisaTvis msoflio eklesiaSi arsebuli wesis Tanaxmad, rogorc qarTuli,
ise kavkasiuri eklesiebi warmoadgendnen erT nawils msoflio kaTolike, anu
sayovelTao eklesiisa da qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs msoflio eklesiasTan
kavSiris gansamtkiceblad urTierToba hqonda damyarebuli romisa da
ierusalimis eklesiebis meTaurebTan, cxadia, antioqia-konstantinopolTanac.
moRweulia romis papis grigol dialoRosis werilobiTi pasuxi kirion
qarTlis kaTalikosisadmi, romelic sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebs exeba, e.i.
marTalia, qveyanaSi iranelebi batonobdnen, magram qarTul eklesias mWidro
sarwmunoebrivi erToba hqonda msoflio eklesiebTan. dvinis krebac ar
SeiZleba ganvixiloT msoflio eklesiidan mowyvetis mcdelobad, radganac,
rogorc gaarkvia z. aleqsiZem, es kreba bizantiis iniciativiT iqna mowveuli,
krebam dagmo ara qalkedonitoba, aramed nestorianoba da miiRo zenon keisris
diofizit-monofizitTa Semarigebeli `henotikoni~ (`erToba~). aqtebi Sedga
qarTul, somxur, albanur da berZnul enebze.
502-506 wlebSi iranis mefe kavad I (488-531) warmatebas aRwevs bizantiasTan
brZolaSi. `am warmatebis uSualo Sedegia 506 wlis dvinis saeklesio kreba
da monofizitobis gamarjveba kavkasiaSi~86.
 zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom z. aleqsiZis Tanaxmad, dvinis saeklesio
krebam marTalia, miiRo Semrigebluri platforma (`henotikoni~), magram mainc
igi monofizituri elferisa yofila.
s. janaSia da sxva qarTveli mecnierebi fiqroben, rom dvinis krebam
safuZveli daudo monofizitobis aRiarebas kavkasiur eklesiebSi.
ZvelqarTul saeklesio istoriografias am sakiTxze Tavisi Sexeduleba
hqonda. kerZod, igi Tvlida, rom somxuri eklesia monofizituri gaxda
somxeTSi 551-554 wlebSi Catarebul krebaTa Semdgom, ris gamoc igi gaZevebul
iqna msoflio marTlmadidebluri saeklesio sferodan. iqamde ki (e.i. 551/4
wlebamde) somxuri eklesia msoflio eklesiis nawils Seadgenda. es
Tvalsazrisi gansakuTrebiT kargad aqvs gadmocemuli arsen safarels Tavis
wignSi `ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~.
somxuri wyaros Tanaxmad ki qarTulma eklesiam swored 506 wlis dvinis
krebaze miiRo monofizituri platforma. epistoleTa wignSi moxseniebulia
506 wlis krebis monawile qarTveli kaTalikosisa da episkoposTa saxelebi:
`1. gabriel episkoposi mcxeTisa saxelovani; 2. palgen episkoposi sefesaxlisa;
3. elifas episkoposi samuriali; 4. samuel episkoposi tumasueli; 5. daviT
episkoposi bolnisisa; 6. iakob episkoposi ortavisa; 7. stefanoz episkoposi
rusTavisa; 8. sahak episkoposi tfilisisa; 9. elages episkoposi manglisisa; 10.
enes episkoposi marueli; 11. evgenes episkoposi samTaveli; 12. ioseb episkoposi
adsueli; 13. iovan episkoposi sarusTieli; 14. ioseb episkoposi kuxordosi; 15.
ezras episkoposi kisdadisa; 16. enuq episkoposi wilknisa; 17. ioseb episkoposi
midamili; 18. lazar episkoposi boldbili; 19. Teodoros episkoposi forTis;
20. zaqaria episkoposi kasdreli; 21. fokas episkoposi tsermili; 22. isaak
episkoposi qunanakertisa; 23. Toma episkoposi tarsisa; 24. estgen episkoposi
qorzonisa. es netari episkoposebi, romlebic Tqveni qveynidan iyvnen,
albanelebTan da sivnielebTan erTad somxeTSi Seiyarnen babgen somexTa
kaTalikosis dros im krebaze, romelzec daiwyevla maTTgan erTobiT
qalkedonis kreba da leonis tomari~87.
kirion kaTalikosi VII s-is dasawyisSi ar daeTanxma abraam somexTa
kaTalikoss, TiTqosda gabriel qarTvelTa kaTalikosi da misi 23 episkoposi
monofizitobas uWerdnen mxars, piriqiT, kirioni werda, rom mis dromde da
mis drosac qarTvelebs aqvT is sarwmunoeba, romelic mociqulebma iqadages
da romelsac ierusalimis sarwmunoeba ewodeba, radganac naTqvamia, `sjuli
sionidan gamova~88.
sxvaTa Soris, gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom XI saukuneSic berZnebTan
mokamaTe giorgi mTawmindelic amtkicebda, rom qarTvelebs mtkiced upyriaT
da adrec epyraT is sarwmunoeba, romelic mociqulebisagan miiRes: `wmidaTa
mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT da radgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies arRara
uar-gviyvies da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni...
amas safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda
wmidaTa maT mociqulTa mtkice varT~89.
rogorc aRiniSna, ZvelqarTuli saeklesio istoriografia miiCnevda, rom
somxebma monofizituri sarwmunoeba daufaravad miiRes ara 506 wels, dvinis
krebis dros, aramed 551/4 wlebis krebaTa Semdeg, maSasadame, kirions hqonda
safuZveli, roca ar eTanxmeboda abraam somexTa kaTalikoss 506 wlidan
monofizitobis miRebis Sesaxeb. amasve eTanxmeba axali gamokvlevebic,
romlebic, rogorc aRiniSna, miuTiTebs, rom 506 wels miRebul iqna
henotikoni da ara monofizitoba, Tumca isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom somxuri
eklesia Tavidanve midrekili iyo monofizitobisaken, qarTuli ki piriqiT,
qalkedonis krebas uWerda mxars, amitomac iqca qalkedonitoba qarTvelTa
erovnul sarwmunoebad.
miuxedavad amisa, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom amierkavkasiis qveyanaTa
mpyrobeli iranis saxelmwifo gansakuTrebulad uWerda mxars somxur
eklesias, axdenda zegavlenas, raTa somxeTs mieRo is sarwmunoebrivi
mimarTuleba, romelsac devnida bizantia, anu maSin, roca bizantia
gamokveTilad uWerda mxars qalkedonitobas, somxur eklesias monofizituri
platforma unda mieRo. ase iyo realurad.
dvinis krebaze damswre zemoT CamoTvlili episkoposTa saxelebi droTa
viTarebaSi gadamwerTa da mTargmnelTa mier damaxinjebula. ukve VII s-is
dasawyisSi zogierTi saxelis amocnoba Wirda, miT umetes, rom cnoba maT
Sesaxeb berZnulidan uTargmniaT somxur enaze, radganac somxuri dedani
dakargula, magram abraam somexTa episkoposis TqmiT, arsebula qarTuli
dedanic, romlis mixedviTac kirions SeeZlo mcdarad dawerili saxelebis
aRdgena.
m. brose cdila aRedgina zogierTi saepiskoposos saxeli. magaliTad,
`forTis~ episkoposi savaraudod miuCnevia foTis episkoposad, timuel -
Tmogvelad da ase Semdeg90. p. ingoroyva `forTis~ saepiskoposos mesxeTSi
aTavsebda.
`rogorc teqstidan Cans, episkoposTa saxelebi metad damaxinjebula,
qvemoT movitanT iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZisa da s. kakabaZis cdebs siis
aRdgenisa... iv. javaxiSvili91: mcxeTis, samefo saxlis, asureTis, Tmogveli?
(dmaneli?), bolneli, curtaveli, rusTavis, Tbilisis, mangleli, mroveli,
samTavneli, aZveli? wyarosTaveli, kumurdoeli, giSisa? wilkneli? bodbeli,
bortis, karsnis, xunanis, tarsis? da qorbanisa (qorjanisa?). s. kakabaZe92:
mcxeTis, mefis karis, samTavreli. dmaneli, bolneli, curtavis, rusTavis,
Tbilisis, manglisis, mroveli, samTavisis, awyveris, wyarosTaveli,
kumurdoeli, axizis, wilkneli, ninowmindeli, bodbeli, berTas (CeleTi),
kawareli, Weremi, xunanis, tisus? xoranTa (xornabuji). k. kekeliZe93: mcxeTis,
mefis karis, samTavro, dmaneli, curtavi, rusTavi, mroveli, awyvereli,
wyarosTaveli, kumurdo, axiza, ninowmida//berTa, kawareTi, Wermeli, xunani,
niqozi? qorzanene (xoranTa, xornabuji)~94.
misaRebia m. broses varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom epistoleTa wignis `forTis
saepiskoposo~ igive foTis saepiskoposoa. am varauds mxars uWers somxuri
wyaroebis cnoba, romlis mixedviTac kirioni `winandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad, VI s-
is meore naxevarSi arCeul iqna ara marto kaTalikosad, aramed egrisis
arqiepiskoposad da mas foTis mitropolitadac miiCneven. meore mxriv,
arsebobs VI s-is berZeni istorikosis prokofi kesarielis cnoba, romelic
wers, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi emorCilebian `kaTalikoss~,
kaTalikosi im droisaTvis ijda ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed
mcxeTaSi, Tu kirioni VI s-is bolos `winandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad dadgenil iqna
`egrisis arqiepiskoposad~ da foTis mitropolitad. sruliad SesaZelebelia,
rom mcxeTis kaTalikoss VI s-is dasawyisSi dvinis krebis droisaTvis foTSi
hyoloda Tavisi episkoposi, romelsac `forTis~ episkoposs uwodebda
epistoleTa wigni.
prokofi kesarieli wers: `qristianTa mRvdelmTavarsac kaTalikoss
uwodeben elinTa eniT, radgan is erTi ganagebs aqaur soflebs~95, Tumca
Zneli gasagebia, am `soflis~ qveS dasavleT saqarTvelos gulisxmobs Tu
somxeTs, Tumca kirionis `egrisis arqiepiskoposad~ dadgenis Sesaxeb cnoba
ueWvelia. z. aleqsiZis daskvniT, `yoveli qarTlis~ kaTalikosi kirioni
lazikis mitropolitis xels iTavsebda~96.
somexi istorikosis ioane drasxanakertelis cnobiT, somexma kaTalikosma
`xeli daasxa wmida kaTolike (sakrebulo) eklesiis uxucess kirions qarTlis
samwysos, gugarqis da egrisis arqiepiskoposad97.
epistoleTa wignSi aseve naxsenebia `sefesaxlis episkoposi~, romelsac
`samTavro saxlis~ episkoposs uwodebs zogierTi mkvlevari, es unda iyos
samTavros episkoposi. rogorc Cans, sityva `samTavro~ somxurad uTargmniaT
pirdapiri gagebiT, rogorc `mTavrobis saxlis~, anda `sefesaxlis~ episkoposi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom samTavroeli episkoposi, romelic mcxeTaSi ijda da,
rogorc Cans, marTlac mTavarTa saxlis, anu `erismTavarTa~ saxlis
episkoposi iyo, Tavis samwysoSi aerTianebda dasavleT saqarTvelos
qristianebsac. vaxuStis cnobiT, mcxeTeli episkoposis samwysoSi Sedioda
dasavleT saqarTvelos e.w. samoqalaqo, xoni. vaxuSti werda: `ars xons
eklesia didi, gumbaTiani, Suenieri nagebi, zis episkoposi, mwyemsi vakisa. es
iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskopozisa. Semdgomad ganyofisa gasves
aqa episkoposi~98. qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis tituli kaTalikosobis dawyebis
Semdeg darCa mcxeTaSi mjdom samTavros episkoposs. rogorc Cans, `erTobasa
Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskoposisasa~ vaxuSti uwodebs xanas afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos daarsebamde, e.i. VIII s-mde. rogorc Cans, qarTlis kaTalikosis
samwysoSi Semaval samTavroel episkoposs dasavleT saqarTveloSi `vake~ da
xoni eqvemdebareboda VI s-Si, radgan VII s-is 20-iani wlebidan, herakle
keisris laSqrobis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawili Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. aRsaniSnavia, rom
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo (mdinare egriswylamde da klisuramde) da aseve
kaxeTi samefo mamulebs (domens) warmoadgenda. es kargad Cans `qarTlis
cxovrebidan~, _ erismTavar (`mefe~) arCil mefes miris sikvdilis Semdeg
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo gadaecema, rogorc `sauxuceso~ teritoria.
aqedan gadasuli arCili Tavissave mamuls afarebs Tavs kaxeTSi.
safiqrebelia, rom samefo domenebi kaxeTi da dasavleT saqarTvelo
eklesiurad samTavro saxls, anu samTavros episkoposs eqvemdebareobda.
s. kakabaZis da sxvaTa cnobiT, somxur-qarTuli `erTobis~ kreba Sedga ara
506 wels, aramed 522 wels. zogierTi monacemebi aseT Tvalsazriss mxars
uWers. rogorc Cans, Catarda orive kreba. 506 wels sparselTa nebiT Seikra
somxur-qarTul-albanuri saeklesio kavSiri somxuri eklesiis hegemonobiT,
xolo 522 wels, roca sparseTma fexi kargad moikida amierkavkasiaSi, Sedga
kreba monofizituri elferisa. 87 wlis Semdeg, `epistoleTa wignis~ cnobiT,
kirioni ganudga somex kaTalikoss, e.i. 608-609 wlebSi. 540-ian wlebSi sparsTa
Zlieri agresiis dros, roca isini dasavleT saqarTvelos xelSi Casagdebad
ibrZodnen, saqarTveloSi gaZlierda monofizituri propaganda, romelTanac
sabrZolvelad saqarTveloSi Camovidnen asureli mamebi. maTi Tavdadebuli
Rvawlis Sedegad, ukve 551-554 wlebSi Catarebuli somxuri eklesiis krebis
gadawyvetileba uaryo qarTulma eklesiam. am wlebSi Semdgarma somxurma
saeklesio krebam aSkarad ganacxada Tavisi monofizituri mrwamsis Sesaxeb, es
qarTulma eklesiam miiCnia miuReblad da msoflio eklesiis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul qmedebad. amitomac ar daiWira somxuri eklesiis mxare99. 570-ian
wlebSi, asureli mamebis Camosvlidan 20-30 wlis Semdeg, qarTuli eklesia
qalkedonitobas daufaravad uWerda mxars, aseve iyo VI s-is 90-ian wlebSic,
508-509 wlebSi kirionma gawyvita kavSiri somxur monofizitur eklesiasTan,
magram amiT ar damTavrebula somxuri eklesiis mcdeloba, hegemonoba
moepovebina amierkavkasiaSi. mas mxars uWerda sparseTis saxelmwifo. amitomac
daaxleobiT 614 wels Sedga e.w. `sparsuli kreba~. krebis dadgenilebis
safuZvelze sparseTis mefem xosrom gasca brZaneba: `yvela Cemma qveSevrdomma
qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~100. qarTlisa da sxva sparseTis
imperiaSi Semavali qveynebis eklesiaTa meTaurebi da episkoposebi `aiZula
SeCuenebad kreba xalkidonisa, anu warsvla muniT~101. z. aleqsiZis azriT, 614
wlis krebis gadawyvetileba uaryo kirionma da miatova mcxeTis kaTalikosis
taxti, igi gadavida Tavissave samwysoSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `kirioni
yofila lazikis mitropoliti da 616 wels qarTlidan gadaxvewila~102. aqedan
Cans, rom qarTul eklesiaze somxur eklesias sparselTa nebiT hegemonoba
moupovebia. sparseTis saxelmwifos damarcxebis Semdeg herakle keisarma VII
s.-is 20-ian wlebSi e.w. unia Sekra somxur eklesiasTan. somxuri eklesiis
mimxroba herakle keisarisTvis udides warmatebas warmoadgenda, radganac
somxur eklesias didi avtoriteti da gavlena hqonda mopovebuli
amierkavkasiasa da aRmosavleT samyaroSi. amasTanave, isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom
somxuri eklesia Tavis erovnul xasiaTs ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebda,
vidre sarwmunoebriv orientacias. magaliTad, somxur eklesiaSi VII saukuneSi
Zlieri iyo rogorc monofizituri, ise qalkedonituri frTa. erT periodSi
somxuri eklesia orad iyo gayofili, qalkedonit da monofitiz somxebs
TavianTi kaTalikosebi hyavdaT. Semdeg es eklesia gaerTianda, magram somxuri
qalkedonituri da somxuri monofizituri eklesiebi erTmaneTSi
Tanaarsebobdnen somxuri erTiani erovnuli eklesiis saxiT. VII saukuneSi
sakaTalikoso taxtze adiodnen rogorc qalkedoniti, ise monofiziti
kaTalikosebi. somxuri qalkedonituri frTa im droisaTvis mdebareobda
bizantiur mxaris (somxeTis dasavleTiT) - tao-klarjeTis mezoblad, xolo
somxuri monofizituri eklesia ki mdebareobda qvemo qarTlisa da hereTis
mezoblad. am mezoblobam Zlieri daRi daasva saqarTvelos kuTxeTa
istoriul beds. arabTa mpyrobelobis dros, saqarTveloSi moSlili iyo
saxelmwifoebrioba, mxolod mogvianebiT Seiqmna tao-klarjeTis, kaxeT-
hereTisa da afxazeTis samefoebi, iqamde ki VI s-dan rogorc tao, ise hereTi
somxurma eklesiam moaqcia Tavisi iurisdiqciis sferoSi. taosa da hereTis
qarTveloba gadaiqca somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, igive bedi ewia mTel
samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas, oRond erTi didi ganmasxvavebeli niSniT
- tao da samxreT-dasavleTis qarTveloba Sedioda somxuri qalkedonituri
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, hereTi da samxreT-aRmosavleTis qarTveloba
Sedioda somxur-monofizituri eklesiis iurisdiqciis sferoSi. rogorc taos,
ise hereTisa da mTeli samxreT saqarTvelos qarTuli eklesiebidan ganidevna
qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba da dainerga somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSi qvemo qarTlSi wmida SuSanikis
saflavze agebul eklesiaSi, Semdgom ki curtavsa da gugarqis mraval
eklesiaSi, qarTvel mrevls daunerges somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. es wesi
kirion kaTalikosma moSala da qarTul mrevls kvlav aRudgina
qarTulenovani msaxureba, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, somxebma kirioni gaaZeves
qarTlis sakaTalikoso taxtidan, ris Semdegac, cxadia, albaT, kvlav
dauweses qvemo qarTlis qarTvelobas somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. igive
bedi ewia, rogorc iTqva, taos, hereTsa da samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs
VII saukuneSi. hereTma mxolod X saukuneSi SeZlo gadaegdo aramSobliuri
monofizituri eklesiis uReli da daubrunda qarTul dedaeklesias. xolo
tao-klarjeTis qarTveloba sixaruliT daubrunda qarTul dedaeklesias IX-X
saukuneebSi iq tao-klarjeTis e.w. `qarTvelTa samefos~ aRdgenis Semdgom.
cxadia, somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofnam Tavisi kvali daamCnia taos,
klarjeTs, mTel samxreT saqarTvelos, hereTis qarTul mosaxleobas, maT
SeiTvises somxuri enis elementebi, gaecnen somxur Sesabamis qalkedonitur
Tu monofizitur kulturas da sxv. uTuod es iyo sababi imisa, rom X s-is
bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros berZnebma eWvi
Seitanes qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi. antioqiis patriarqs XI s-is
dasawyisSi svimon wmidas berebma moaxsenes maT monasterSi myofi qarTveli
berebis Sesaxeb: `ara uwyiT Tu qarTvelni arian, anu somexni da verca xucesi
maTi Jamsa wiravs monastersa Sina Cuensa. xolo ese marTali Tques, rameTu
vidre aqamomde mravliT JamiTgan qarTveli xucesi svimeon-wmidas Jamsa ver
wirvida amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu romelsame Jamsa sofluri vinme xucesi
axlad Camosuli wmidisa svimeonis suetsa zeda gamosrul iyo Jamis wirvad
qalamniTa da sabeWuriTa Tvinier samRvdeloisa Sesamoslis. viTarc iyo
pirvelad wesi Cueni da amisTvis ara uteobdes qarTulsa xucessa
Jamiswirvad~103, e.i. berZnebi qarTvel berebs wirvis Catarebis nebas ar
rTavdnen svimeon wmidaSi, radganac isini samRvdelo Sesamoslis gareSe
atarebdnen wirvas, aseTi praqtika ki jer kidev e.w. trulis krebam akrZala da
somxeTSi arsebuli mwvaleblobis erT-erT saxed miiCnia. amitomac Ciodnen
berZnebi antioqiel patriarqTan qarTveli berebis (Cans, samxreT
saqarTvelodan CasulTa) Sesaxeb: `ver gavigeT qarTvelebi arian Tu somxebi,
Tumca ki qarTvelebs uwodeben TavianT Tavs~. maSasadame, samxreT
saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma da samRvdeloebamac SeiTvises is wesebi,
romelic somxur eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli maTi qveynis somxuri eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi yofnisas. amitom Cioda giorgi mcire: Cven marTlmadideblebi
varT, magram berZnebi cdilobdnen `raTa wmidasa amas da marTalsa
sarwmunoebasa Cvensa biwi raime daswamon~104. aseve mwvaleblobaSi dades
brali mTawmidis qarTvel berebsac XI s-is pirvel naxevarSi. am SemTxvevaSi
berZnebisaTvis sababi is yofila, rom maT SeumCneviaT qarTuli wmida werilis
somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT redaqtireba. amaSic eTanxmeba giorgi mcire
berZnebs da ambobs: `egreTve daRacaTu pirveliTganve guqondes werilnica da
sarwmunoebaБ WeSmariti da marTali, garna qveyana Cveni Sors iyo qveyanisagan
saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul iyvnes
borotni igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad
gvevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko, xolo igini reca
mizeziTa wesierebisaiTa, reca cdunebad gvazmnobdes da romelnime wignica
guqondes maTgan Targmnili~105.
giorgi mcire exeba im sakiTxs, romelic Cven zemoT ganvixileT, kerZod,
Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs gvqonda wmida werilis berZnuli enidan kargad
gadmoRebuli Targmanebi (Cans IV-V saukuneebSi), Semdgom saberZneTisagan
gangvaSora sparseTis saxelmwifom, VI-VIII saukuneebSi `viTarca Teslni
arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul iyvnes borotni Teslni somexTani,
gularZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad gvevneboda~, kerZod, somexma
sasuliero pirebma xan `wesierebis momizezebiT~, xanac ki Cvens sacduneblad
qarTuli wmida werilis redaqtireba SeZles ukve somxuri enidan da
zogierTi saeklesio wignic iTargmna somxuridan. am mdgomareobis
gamosworeba daiwyo ukve VIII saukuneebidan da mimdinareobda XI saukunis
meore naxevramde. gansakuTrebiT iRvawes eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebma,
pirvelma `zemoxsenebuli RvarZlisagan sruliad ganwminda mravlad
106
TargmanebiTa wmidaTa werilTaiTa~ . giorgi mcires eqvTime mTawmindelis
udides damsaxurebad miaCnia somxuri `RvarZlisagan~ qarTuli wmida werilis
ganwmeda misi SejerebiT berZnul redaqciebTan. igive samuSao Cautarebia
giorgi mTawmindelsac, romelmac zogierTi qarTuli wigni `odesme
Targmnilni da wuT ver keTilad gamoRebulni, gina Tu Jamsa sigrZiTa ucebTa
da ugunurTa mxmarebelTagan dageslebulni, viTarca vTqviT, brZmedsa mas
Sina wmidisa mis gonebisa Tvisisasa gamoadvna da gamoaxurva~107.
`ugunur mxmarebelTagan dageslebul~ wignebSi SeiZleba igulisxmebodes
`pirveliTgan~ marTlad Targmnili wmida werilis somxur redaqciebTan
Sejereba.
rogorc iTqva, IX-X saukuneebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa da hereTis
qarTveloba daubrunda qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRs. es iyo didZali
mosaxleoba. iqamde, somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi yofnis dros am
qarTvelTa yovelTvis hqondaT udidesi miswrafeba dabrunebodnen Tavis
erovnul eklesias, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebisTanave es udidesi
odenoba qarTvelebisa sixaruliT SeuerTda erovnul wiaRs. am dros moxda
ara `somexi qalkedonitebis~ gaqarTveleba, rogorc warmoudgenia zogierT
mecniers, aramed, piriqiT, iqamde somxuri eklesiis samwysodan Tavdaxsnili
mosaxleobis dabruneba Tavis erovnul eklesiaSi. maSasadame, adgili ar
hqonia arc `somexTa~ da arc `her-albanelTa~ gaqarTvelebas. herebi
(igulismeba ara albanelebi, aramed kaxeTis momijnave hereTis mosaxleoba)
imTaviTve qarTvelebi iyvnen, magram mxolod `somxurenovanni~ saeklesio
TvalsazrisiT, rogorc taoeli qarTvelebi. es qarTveloba dedaeklesiis
wiaRSi dabrunebisas inaTleboda kidec, radgan qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli
wesis Tanaxmad, somxuri eklesiis yofil wevrTa monaTvla aucilebeli iyo.
ase moinaTla `gvirpeli~ aTonis lavraSi. igi am monaTvliT ki ar
`gaqarTvelda~, rogorc miaCnia zogierT mkvlevars, aramed igi, iqamdec
erovnebiT qarTveli, Sevida erovnuli eklesiis wiaRSi. grigol bakurianis Ze
petriwonis monastris tipikonSi wers: `...vinaica menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da
msaxurTa CemTa, daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~108. gasagebia, rom
grigol bakurianis Zes, rogorc taoel didebuls, SesaZloa hyoloda
`sarwmunoebiT~ `somexi~ naTesavebi da msaxurebic, radgan, rogorc vTqviT,
taos mkvidri qarTveloba saukuneTa manZilze somxuri eklesiis mrevls
warmoadgenda, maT amitom miiRes `somxuri sarwmunoeba~, magram isini
`naTesaviT~, gvartomobiT qarTvelebi iyvnen. `qarTvelni varT naTesaviT mxneni
da mxedrobiT aRzrdilni~; `monazonni monastrisa Cemisni guarad (e.i. gvar-
tomiT) qarTvelni arian~ da sxva msgavss werda grigol bakurianis Ze. es
`sarwmunoebiT somexi~, xolo `naTesaviT~, gvariT, warmomavlobiT qarTvelebi
daubrundnen samSoblo ersa da eklesias. ase rom, IX-XI saukuneebSi ar hqonia
adgili araviTar `gaqarTvelebas~. piriqiT, saerTaSoriso araxelsayreli
viTarebis gamo, TiTqmis 400 wlis manZilze, VI-X saukuneebSi, amierkavkasiis
masStabiT im droisaTvis uZlieresma somexTa eklesiam SeZlo qarTvelebis
erTi nawilis moqceva somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi. amas saTave daedo dvinis 506
wlis krebis Semdeg. sabednierod, qarTulma eklesiam moipova Zala RvTis
SewevniT da SeZlo Tavis mrevlis erovnuli da fizikuri gadarCena.
VI s-is damdegs, siriuli wyaros cnobiT, qarTlis samefoSi iyo 33
episkoposi, xolo VII s-is damdegs (608 wels) _ 35. dvinis 506 wlis saeklesio
krebas SeeZlo udidesi uaryofiTi zegavlena moexdina qarTuli eklesiis
Semdgom cxovrebaze, qarTveli episkoposebi maRal sulier simaRleze rom ar
aRmoCeniliyvnen. maT qarTvel ers SeunarCunes mociqulTagan miRebuli
marTlmadidebloba.
sabolood, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dvinis saeklesio krebam, romelSic 24
qarTveli episkoposi monawileobda, warmoaCina qarTuli eklesiis
TavisTavadoba da TviTmyofadoba.

3. mcxeTis krebebi (VII s-is dasawyisSi)

meSvide saukunis pirvel naxevarSi qarTlis mTavrad wodebulma

stefanoz adarnases Ze farnavazian-xosroianma qalkedonuri aRmsareblobis
erTgulma da `sjulis ganmwmendelma~ axlad aSenebuli mcxeTis jvris
taZris galavanSi aaSena darbazebi da brZana: `kreba yovelTa paraskevTa da
mun Sekrbian yovelni episkoposni da mRvdelni mis adgilisa da arisani
kaTalikosis Tana, winaSe patiosnisa juarisa, viTarca didi paraskevi.
xolo sakaTalikososa arian krebani yovelTa xuTSabaTTa da adidian wmida
sioni, viTarca didsa xuTSabaTsa, saidumlosa Tana xorciTa da sisxliTa
qristesiTa, xolo mcxeTas saepiskopososa arn yovelTa samSabaTTa kreba da
xseneba pirvel mowamis stefanesi da yovelTa mowameTa, didisa misgan
Zlierebisa sparsTasa, romel wamebul iyvnes da abibos nekresel
episkoposis dResaswaulsa missa ufros yovelTa dResaswaulTasa Sekrbian
da adidebdian RmerTsa~109.
esaa uZvelesi da ueWveli cnoba saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebaTa Sesaxeb.
masSi daculia iseTi faqtebi, romelTac arabTa Semosevebis Semdgom aRar
hqonda simZafre. kerZod, aq aris ganzogadebuli erToblivi xseneba sparsTa
`didi Zlierebis~ dros sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadebul mowameebisa. arabTa
Semosevebisas imdeni axali mowame gaCnda, rom qarTuli eklesia sparsTa
Zlierebis dros gaCenil mowameTa erT romelime dRes saerTo xsenebas aRar
aRniSnavda. aseve es aris cnoba, rom mcxeTaSi `saepiskoposo samarxavSi~
dakrZaluli abibos nekreselis xseneba yvelaze ufro didi dResaswauli iyo,
rac, albaT, asec iyo VII saukunis dasawyisSi. ase rom, cnobebi ueWvelia da
moTxrobili ambis Tanadroulia.
matianes mowmobiT, aRniSnul saukuneSi saeklesio krebebi imarTeboda
episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis monawileobiT mcxeTis jvris taZarTan
(yovel paraskevs). yovel xuTSabaTs saeklesio krebebi imarTeboda
sveticxovelSi da yovel samSabaTs _ samTavros taZarSi.
es saeklesio krebebi, cxadia, ar iyo sruliad qarTuli eklesiis kreba,
magram masSi monawileobda qarTuli eklesiis umTavresi birTvi -
kaTalikosi da `yovelni episkoposni da mRvdelni mis adgilisa da arisani
kaTalikosis Tana~110. maSasadame, kaTalikosTan erTad monawileobda
mcxeTeli episkoposi, romelsac `mTavarepiskoposis~ wodeba hqonda, xolo
rezidencia samTavroSi, albaT, wilkneli episkoposi da axlo mdebare
eparqiaTa episkoposebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi ara erTi, aramed ramdenime
episkoposi. rogorc cnobilia, VI s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi
35 episkoposi iyo. aqedan, albaT, kaTalikosis karze yoveldRiurad
ramdenime mainc imyofeboda. Cveni fiqriT, yovel paraskevs, yovel
xuTSabaTsa da yovel samSabaTs gamarTul mcxeTis krebebze monawiloebas
iRebda qarTuli eklesiis mmarTveloba, SeiZleba mas sinodis krebebic
vuwodoT. rogorc moyvanili cnobidan Cans, es krebebi ar moicavda mxolod
sxdomebs, aramed mas Tan erTvoda, rac zogjer umTavresi momenti iyo,
wirva, locvebi, xalxis dalocva da sxva saeklesio saqmianoba.
swored mcxeTis am krebebma, uaqtiuresma saeklesio saqmianobam,
SeunarCuna saeklesio dedaqalaqis saxeli mcxeTas Semdgom saukuneebSi, im
drosac ki, roca Semdeg arabTa Semosevebis gamo igi, faqtobrivad,
dangreuli iyo da dakarguli hqonda funqciuri datvirTva. rogorc Cans,
arabTa da Turq-seljukTa Semosevebisas saeklesio krebebi dedaqalaq
mcxeTaSi ki aRar imarTeboda, aramed, magaliTad, javaxeTSi, RrtilaSi,
quTaisSi da sxvagan. mxolod XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg
daibruna mcxeTam Zveli drois sidiade.

4. antioqiis IOsaeklesio kreba

(VIII s. 50-iani wlebi)

qvemo iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibeba

msoflio qristianobis erT-erT udides dedaqalaqSi antioqiaSi, cxadia,

mravali saeklesio kreba Catarda saukuneTa manZilze, magram Cveni
gansaxilveli TemisaTvis sainteresoa antioqiis is krebebi, romlebzedac
ganixiles qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi. erTi aseTi kreba Catarebula VIII
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi, mravali istoriuli wyaro da avtori miuTiTebs am
krebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli kreba warmoadgens antioqiaSi qarTuli eklesiis
Sesaxeb Catarebul krebaTagan erT-erT pirvels, amitomac Cven mas vuwodebT
`antioqiis I saeklesio krebas~ gansasxvaveblad antioqiaSive XI s-is 50-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli krebisagan.
mravali Tanamedrove mecnieri miiCnevs antioqias im eklesiad, romelmac
qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa. erTni fiqroben, rom es moxda V
saukuneSi petre fulonis an romelime misi Tanamosaydris mier, meoreni
uTiTeben VIII saukunis Cvens gansaxilvel krebas, mesameni ki XI s-is 50-ian
wlebs, magram xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom swored antioqiis patriarqebTan
Semdgari krebebis dros msoflio saeklesio kanonebis udidesi mcodne wmida
giorgi mTawmindeli ar miiCnevda antioqias qarTuli eklesiisaTvis
dedaeklesiad, e.i. misi azriT, qarTul eklesias ar miuRia antioqiisagan
avtokefalia da qarTuli eklesia Tavidanve, mociqulTa droidanve,
damoukidebeli iyo, radgan IX-XI saukuneTa saeklesio samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT mociqulTa mier daarsebuli da, saerTod, I-III saukuneebSi
arsebuli `erovnuli saeklesio Temebi~ erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelni iyvnen.
Tuki qarTuli eklesia daarsebuli iyo andria pirvelwodebulis an sxva
romelime mociqulis mier, maSin igi, iseve, rogorc saerTod, romis imperiasa
da sxva qveynebSi arsebuli eklesiebi, Tavidanve Tavisufali da avtokefaluri
unda yofiliyo. amis dasamtkiceblad mxolod imis Secnoba iyo saWiro,
iqadaga Tu ara saqarTveloSi romelime wmida mociqulma. marTlac, giorgi
mTawmindelma antioqiis sapatriarqo krebaze daamtkica, rom saqarTvelo
wmida andriam gananaTla, maSasadame, igi Tavidanve samociqulo, e.i.
TavisTavadi da avtokefaluri eklesia iyo. am mtkicebaTa dros giorgi
mTawmindeli gamarjvebuli gamovida, es moxda XI s-is 50-ian wlebSi. giorgi
mTawmindelis am CvenebaTa winaaRmdeg TiTqosda miuTiTebda efrem mcirisa da
sxvaTa mier moZiebuli cnoba antioqiis sapatriarqo karze VIII s. 50-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli krebis Sesaxeb, romelmac ganixila qarTuli eklesiis
sakiTxi da arasruli avtokefalia mianiWa mas. vaxtang goilaZem gamoikvlia,
am dros saqme exeboda ara sruliad saqarTvelos, anu mcxeTis eklesias,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im nawilis saeklesio beds, romelic VIII
saukunisaTvis bizantiis imperiis nawils Seadgenda, eklesiurad
konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi iyo daqvemdebarebuli da misgan
gaTavisuflebas cdilobda.
saqme is aris, rom saeklesio iurisdiqciis TvalsazrisiT, VII saukunis
Semdeg saqarTvelo or nawilad iyo gayofili. qveynis udides nawils Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi iqvemdebarebda mcxeTis sakaTalikoso, xolo dasavleT
saqarTvelos zRvispireTi e.w. skanda-Sorapnis xazamde konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda politikuri mizezebis gamo. VIII
saukuneSi TandaTanobiT gaerTianda dasavleT saqarTvelo afxazeTis
mTavrebis hegemoniiT, daiwyo fiqri qveynis bizantielTagan eklesiuri
gaTavisuflebisaTvis. amave dros bizantiaSi aRmoceneba iwyo xatmebrZolobis
eresma, romlis centrs konstantinopoli warmoadgenda. dasavleT
saqarTvelos qarTuli mosaxleoba yovelTvis mtkiced icavda mociqulTagan
miRebul swavlebas, maSasadame, misTvis miuRebeli iyo xatmebrZoluri eresi.
dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnuli saepiskoposoebic, radganac isini qarTveli
mosaxleobis eparqiebi iyvnen, cxadia, cdilobdnen rogorme aeridebinaT
sasuliero kavSiri xatmebrZolur konstantinopolTan, amasTanave, yvela Zal-
Rones xmarobdnen yovelgvari saeklesio sakiTxi moegvarebinaT saeklesio
wesebis sruli dacviT. dasavleT saqarTvelos aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebi
cdilobdnen kanonikuri kavSiri daemyarebinaT erTiani berZnuli eklesiis
sxva romelime sapatriarqosTan, kerZod ki, antioqiasTan. miT umetes, rom
arabTa Semosevebis gamo, TiTqmis 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi, daaxloebiT 650-iani
wlebidan 730-ian wlebamde, antioqiis patriarqebi konstantinopolSi
imyofebodnen da ara antioqiaSi.
gansaxilvel krebamde sul ramdenime xniT adre, VIII s-is dasawyisSi.
konstantinopolidan dabrunebul ierarqs aRudgenia antioqiis sapatriarqo
taxti. ase rom, antioqiis patriarqi im droisaTvis SesaZlebelia
konstantinopolis udidesi eklesiis erT-erT nawiladac ki yofiliyo
miCneuli, oRondac im gansxvavebiT, rom antioqia icavda marTlmadideblur
sarwmunoebas, xatTayvaniscemas uWerda mxars, xolo konstantinopolSi,
rogorc aRiniSna, xatmebrZoluri eresi iyo gabatonebuli. marTlac,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveli ierarqebi Casulan antioqiaSi saeklesio
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. efrem mcire wers: `dReTa konstantine skoris
mosaxelisaTa, antioqias patriaqobisa netarisa Teofilaqtessa, movides
qarTliT mociqulad monazonni orni mouTxres netarsa Teofilaqtes,
viTarmed didsa Wirsa Sina arian qristeaneni mkvidrni qarTvelTa
soflebisani. rameTu dRiTagan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-mowamisa antioqiel
patriarqisa ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi
siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarinTagan vervin ikadrebs svlad. xolo man
bWobiTa krebisaTa mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa TvisTa
Tana misca qarTvelTa protreptikoni, romel ars ganxsniTi, raTa TviT maTisa
sazRvris episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian Jamad-Jamadsa kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa, raica saRmrToman madlman uCvenos maT da romeli gamoarCion
moyvasTa Tavisa eklesiisaTa... da Seuqmna maT aRweriT mosaxsenebeli Tavisa
TvisisaTvis da mun Semokrebulisa krebisaTvis da xelT-dasxmul yo erTi
orTa maT missa movlinebulTa monazonTagani saxeliT ioane mis Jamisa
kaTalikosad maTda~111.
rogorc aRiniSna, antioqieli patriarqebi arabTa Semosevis gamo
aTwleulebis manZilze konstantinopolSi imyofebodnen tridornis
RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi. isini TavianT sicocxleSi antioqiaSi ar Casulan,
VI msoflio krebaze arCeuli Teofane antioqieli patriarqis
gardacvalebamde. amis Semdeg antioqielma qristianebma xalifa haSinis (723-43)
nebarTviT aRadgines antioqiis kaTedra112 (Cans, igulisxmeba hiSami).
antioqieli patriarqis Teofilaqtes dros (744-750) antioqiaSi Casul
qarTvelTa saeklesio delegacias miuRwevia mieRo arasruli avtokefalia
imJamad berZnul eklesiaze daqvemdebarebuli dasavleT saqarTvelos
nawilisaTvis. v. goilaZem gaarkvia, rom Teofilaqte antioqielis mier 744-750
wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikosad xeldasxmuli ioane dasavleT saqarTvelos
(afxazeTis) pirvel (avtokefalur?) kaTalikosad unda iqnes miCneuli. misi
moRvaweoba 744 wlis Semdgom xanaze modis113.
efremis cnobas `antioqiuri qronografidan~, romelsac Cvenamde ar
mouRwevia, imeorebs efremis Tanamedrove da TanamoRvawe nikon SavmTeli
Tavis `panediqtebSi~. am cnobaSi, rogorc zemoT iyo moyvanili, naxsenebia
bizantiis imperatori xatmebrZoli konstantine V (719-775). igi
marTlmadideblebs sZuldaT da metsaxelic Searqves xatmebrZolobis gamo _
`funiani~ (mudam sajiniboSi iyo cxenTa siyvarulis gamo), qarTulad ki
Searqves `skore~, rac igive metsaxelia. am imperatoris dros antioqiaSi
`iberiidan~ mosula ori monazoni, Tanaxmad nikon SavmTelisa. nikons naxsenebi
aqvs ara `qarTli~, aramed `iberia~. efrem mcires, vaxtang goilaZis
gamokvleviT, dauSvia mravali qronologiuri Secdoma qarTuli eklesiis
istoriuli Txrobis gadmocemis dros114. Cven ierusalimeli patriarqebis
cnobebis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom man Secdoma dauSva
saqarTvelos istoriul geografiaSic. kerZod, ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen
ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac.
xSirad isini aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iberias~, xolo dasavleT
saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~ uwodebdnen. rogorc nikonis cnobidan Cans,
`antioqiur qronografSi~ ewera, rom antioqiaSi delegacia mivida `qvemo
iberiidan~, anda ubralod `iberiidan~, magram igulisxmeboda dasavleT
saqarTvelo. efremma ki sityva `iberia~ Targmna, rogorc `qarTli~.
Semdegdroindelma istorikosebma, bunebrivia, `qarTlis~ qveS igulisxmes
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da efrem-nikonis cnoba mcxeTis sakaTalikososadmi
mikuTvnebul cnobad miiCnies. maSasadame, `antioqiur qronografSi~ ewera, rom
saeklesio delegacia antioqiaSi mivida `iberiidan~, `qvemo iberiidan~. am
azris dasadastureblad moviyvanoT ierusalimeli patriarqebis: dosiTeosisa
da xrisanfis (qrisanTos) cnobebi. XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqi
dosiTeosi wers: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac
qarTvelebi kaTalikoss uwodeben. qvemo iberias, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTi
da lazika erqva, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,
svaneTSi da mesxeTis nawilSi. es eparqiebi eqvemdebarebodnen
konstantinopolis saydars fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom,
herakles Semdeg lev isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve avtokefaluri
saarqiepiskoposo iyo, magram ar viciT, romeli imperatoris dros da romel
krebaze mianiWes mas avtokefalia. zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris
qedi, romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi hqvia, qvemo
iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iveriis kaTalikosze, radganac
is ukve isavrosis dros 720 wels kaTalikosi iyo qvemo iberiisa... iberebi
qvemo iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i.
imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefed-mefed115.
meore ierusalimeli patriarqi imave epoqisa - xrisanfi ambobs:
`saqarTveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori avtokefaluri
arqiepiskoposi... amaTgan erTi arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa iwodeboda
imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad,
anu martivad sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufro ufrosi
zemo iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberiisa iwodeboda
qarTlis, kaxeTis, alvaneTis, sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad...
romeli imperatoris dros an romel krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven
zustad ver davadgineT, magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane
goTeTis episkoposi xeldasxmul iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radganac
qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom, rogorc Cans, herakles
Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saarqiepiskoposo gaxda~116.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili ierusalimeli patriarqebis Txzulebidan Cans,
dasavleT saqarTvelos marTlac `qvemo iberias~, anu `iberias~ uwodebdnen
herakle keisris drosac (e.i. VII s-Si) da Semdgomac. XVII saukunis
ierusalimeli patriarqebi xSirad stumrobdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesias imis gamo, rom imereTis mefeebi qristianebi iyvnen, xolo im
droisaTvis qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefe-xanebi ki mahmadianebi. imereTis mefes,
sruliad samarTlianad, Tavisi Tavi miaCnda Zveli qristiani qarTveli mefeT
mefeebis legitimur memkvidred. amasTanave, imereTis, anu afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi (mahmadianur uRelqveS moqceuli qarTl-kaxeTisagan
gansxvavebiT) sruliad saqarTvelos (anu iberiis) mTavarkaTalikosebad
Tvlidnen TavianT Tavs. maSasadame, aRniSnuli patriarqis dros swored
`qvemo iberiis~, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi miiCnevdnen sruliad
saqarTvelos uzenaes saWeTmpyrobelad TavianT Tavs. aseTi tendenciebi
SeumCneviaT ierusalimel-antioqiel patriarqebs da SeutaniaT TavianT
TxzulebebSi. XVII s-is ierusalimeli patriarqebi cdilan gaerkviaT, Tu
rodis moipova TavisTavadoba dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu `qvemo iberiis~
eklesiam da gaurkveviaT, rom es moxda imperator herakles Semdeg lev
isavrosamde anu VII-VIII ss-Si. aseTi Zieba qarTulsave wyaroebSi gaagrZeles
SemdgomSi saqarTveloSi Camosulma antioqielma patriarqebma da sxva
aRmosavlelma mRvdelmTavrebma da samRvdelo pirebma. magaliTad, aseTi iyo
antioqieli patriarqi XVII saukunisa makariosi. igi, rogorc sxva misi
Tanamoazreebi, eZiebda, Tu rodis moipova dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiam
Tavisufleba. mis Ziebas warmateba mohyolia (antioqiel-ierusalimeli
patriarqebi da sasuliero pirebi qarTul wyaroebSi eZebdnen saWiro cnobebs,
maT mzeWabuk mesxeTis mTavarsac moupoves aseTi cnoba).
patriarqi makariosi werda, rom antioqiel patriarq Teofilaqtes dros,
merve saukuneSi, afxazeTis mefe daviTma antioqiaSi gagzavna sasuliero
delegacia. maT gzaze yaCaRebi daxvdnen da gaZarcves, ori maTgani gadarCa.
Teofilaqtem moiwvia kreba, romelzedac gadawyda afxazeTisaTvis daeniSna
damoukidebeli kaTalikosi, romelic afxazeTisaTvis akurTxebda
mRvdelmTavrebs, magram im pirobiT, rom moixseniebda antioqiis patriarqebs...
erTi maTgani ioane patriarqma kaTalikosad akurTxa, mas mudmivad unda
ecxovra afxazeTSi, meore afxazi patriarqma episkoposad akurTxa da orive
samSoblo, afxazeTSi gamoistumra117.
makariosis mixedviT, es pirveli kaTalikosi iyo ioane. antioqiis
patriarqs dautovebia ufleba dasavleT saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad
gaegzavna egzarqosi mRvdelmTavarTa da winamZRolTa saqcielis
gamosaZieblad da Sewiruli soflebidan Semosavlis asakrefad. didi drois
Semdeg, makariosis mixedviT, antioqiis patriarq Teodores (970-975)
saqarTveloSi mwvalebelTa RvarZlis aRmocenebis dros gaugzavnia afxazeTSi
wesrigis dasamyareblad Tavisi mdivani basili. afxazeTis eklesias aseve am
dros mieca mironis adgilzeve, mcxeTidan miRebis ufleba.
makariosis cnobidan aSkarad Cans, rom antioqiis CvenTvis saintereso
krebas patriarq Teofilaqtes dros gadauWria ara sruliad saqarTvelos
(mcxeTis) eklesiis sakiTxi, aramed qarTuli eklesiis im nawilisa, romelic
dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda. sxva sakiTxia, Seesabameba Tu ara misi
yvela monacemi sinamdviles. msgavsi cnoba aqvs XVIII s-is antioqiel mRvdels
miqael breks, romlis Tanaxmad, mefe daviTs antioqiaSi gaugzavnia ara ori,
aramed 12 monazoni, 10 arabebs mouklavT gzaSi. brekis cnobebi qarTuli
eklesiis Sesaxeb emyareba efrem mcires Txzulebis monacemebs (isini qarTul
xelnawerebSi iyo mimobneuli) da agreTve, cxadia, sxva wyaroebs. magaliTad, m.
brekis cnobiT, antioqiaSi qarTveli kaTalikosis Casvla xeldasasxmelad IV
s-dan, evstaTi antioqielis droidan modis, es cnoba aSkarad efrem mcires
cnobis gameorebaa. evstaTi antioqielis saxeli TviT efremma CarTo Tavis
TxzulebaSi. mironis Sesaxebac efremis cnobebs imeorebs sxva cnobebis
gameorebasTan erTa118.
rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, yvela ucxoeli avtori, maT Soris,
dosiTeosi, xrisanfi, makariosi da brekic ki VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi Semdgari
antioqiis krebis gadawyvetilebas akavSireben ara mcxeTis sakaTalikososTan,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, romelic aRniSnul dros
marTlac mowyvetili iyo qarTul dedaeklesias da ibrZoda berZnebisagan
eklesiuri damoukideblobis misaRwevad. amitomac, dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas,
rom `antioqiur qronografSi~, saidanac aRniSnuli krebis Sesaxeb cnobebi
aqvT amoRebuli efrem mciresa da nikon SavmTels, laparakia ara `qarTlis~,
aramed `iberiis~ eklesiis Sesaxeb. berZnuli wyaro `iberiis~ qveS, rogorc
aRiniSna, gulisxmobda ara aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos,
radganac saqarTvelos orive nawils `iberias~ uwodebdnen ucxoelebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul avtorTa yovelgvari cnoba, gamomavali
`antioqiuri qronografidan~ Seexeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos da ara
mcxeTis eklesias, esaa mironis kurTxevis uflebis, egzarqosis gamogzavnis,
arasruli avtokefalis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
rogorc wyaroebi aRniSnaven, herakle keisris droidan qarTuli
dedaeklesiisagan mowyvetili da konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sesuli
dasavleT saqarTvelos `berZnuli~ saepiskoposoebi VIII saukunidan Seecadnen
mieRwiaT berZnuli centrebidan damoukideblobisaTvis. marTlac, maT
moipoves damoukidebloba. isini nel-nela ara mxolod gamovidnen berZnuli
centrebis daqvemdebarebidan, aramed TandaTanobiT berZnulenovani wirva-
locvac ki Secvales qarTulenovaniT, da rac kidev ufro arsebiTia,
berZnuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis nacvlad daaarses WeSmaritad qarTuli
kaTedrebi, romelTagan, albaT, umTavresi biWvinTis kaTedris Semdeg
Wyondidis kaTedra iyo. es procesi gagrZelda TiTqmis 200 wlis manZilze.
iqamde ki berZnuli centrebidan mirons, kaTalikosis xeldasxmasa Tu
egzarqoss marTlac iRebdnen. rogorc iTqva, sabolood saqarTvelos es
nawili qarTul dedaeklesias daubrunda.
mxolod berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebis sruli gaqrobisa da
qarTulenovani kaTedrebis xelqveS qarTuli mrevlis moqcevis Semdeg unda
ecno sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da saeklesio mmarTvelobas
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis dabruneba qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRSi
oficialuri saxiT. es `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis Tanaxmad, momxdara 830
wels, bagrat kurapalatis dros. pavle ingoroyvas gamokvleviT, am
droisaTvis mcxeTis sakaTalikosos afxazeTis, anu `qvemo iberiis~
eklesiisaTvis gadaucia iqamde mis samwysoSi Semavali argveTi. amis Semdeg
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda Savi zRvidan lixis
mTamde. am aqtis Semdgom mcxeTis uzenaesi saeklesio iurisdiqcia aRdga
sruliad saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze _ Savi zRvis sanapiroebidan TiTqmis
kaspiispireTamde. eklesia gaerTianda, afxazeTis kaTalikoss ewoda
`umrwemesi~.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos istoriuli sazRvari gadioda mdinare
TeTrwylamde, anu Semaxiis mTebamde, romelic kaspiis zRvidan sul ramdenime
aTeuli kilometriTaa daSorebuli, swored aqamde aRwevda qarTvelTa
eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvari. CrdiloeT albaneTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba
eTnikuri warmomavlobiT qarTveluri tomebi iyvnen, amitomac isini
sarwmunoebrivad marTlmadideblebs uWerdnen mxars. maTi eTnikuri
warmomavlobiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom rogorc ki politikurad amis
SesaZlebloba miecaT, CrdiloeT albaneTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba iqca
mrevlad swored qarTuli eklesiisa da ara somxuri anda albanuri
eklesiisa.
Sav zRvamde qarTuli eklesia iurisdiqcias avrcelebda IV-V
saukuneebSive. rogorc TviTon berZeni avtorebi miuTiTeben, lazebma da
iberebma erTdroulad miiRes qristianoba IV saukuneSi. qarTuli wyaros
Tanaxmad, mirian mefem `naTeli sca yovelTa iverielTa~. mirians ki igive
wyaro dasavleT saqarTvelos mefedac miiCnevda. radganac iberiis, anu
qarTlis samefo moicavda dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinare egriswylamde,
xolo vaxtang gorgasalis dros sazRvari gadaweul iqna mdinare klisuramde,
anu cxumis mxareSi gamaval Tanamedrove mdinare kelasuramde. VI saukuneSi,
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mcxeTis kaTalikosi kirioni, somxur wyaroTa
mixedviT, `winandeli wesis Tanaxmad megrelTa arqiepiskoposi iyo~, maSasadame,
VI s-is dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari gadioda Sav zRvaze. mxolod
VII s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi CamoaSora herakle keisarma saqarTvelos zRvispira
teritoria, rogorc es aRniSnuli iyo, sadac konstantinopolma Tavisi
iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. am CamoSorebuli kuTxis qarTvelobam aswlovani
brZoliT SeZlo kvlav dabruneboda qarTul dedaeklesias, es procesi VII
saukuneSive dawyebula da gansakuTrebuli gamoxatva miuRia Cvens
gansaxilvel antioqiis I saeklesio krebaze, VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi. am krebaze
aseve dawyebula mironis sakiTxis gadaWrac. kerZod, iqamde, cxadia, marTlac
qarTlisagan CamoSorebuli zRvispira teritoriis `berZnuli~ saepiskoposoebi
VII s-is 20-30-iani wlebidanve konstantinopolidan, anda romelime sxva
berZnuli sapatriarqodan miiRebdnen mirons da ara mcxeTidan.
rac Seexeba mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aq mirons akurTxebdnen uZvelesi
droidanve. jer erTi, wmida svets, anu cocxal svets (sveticxovels)
gadmodioda mironi, radganac misi gadanaWris qveS wmida kvarTi uflisa iyo
dakrZaluli da sveti didi saswauliT iqna zecad atacebuli da Semdeg
SeZerwili Tavissave gadanaWerTan, meore mxriv, k.kekeliZis Tanaxmad, `mironi
saqarTveloSi Teofilaqte antioqielamdec rom ikurTxeboda, amas mowmobs
qarTuli xelnaweri, romelSic detaluradaa aRwerili mironis kurTxevis
wesi. Tu nikon SavmTels davujerebT, dasZens igi, IV krebamde mxolod
antioqiaSi ikurTxeboda mironi (Tumca amis dajereba Znelia, radganac am
krebis masalebSi amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami) da Semdeg yvelam miiRo misi
kurTxevis nebarTva, maSin unda davuSvaT, rom qarTlis eklesiaSi mironis
kurTxeva 451 wlidan daiwyo~119.
maSasadame, mcxeTaSi mironi ZvelTaganve ikurTxeboda da mTeli qarTlis
samefos teritoriaze, anu Sav zRvamde da mdinare klisuramde mironi
mcxeTidan miiReboda. magram berZnuli saxelmwifos xelSi saqarTvelos
zRvispireTis gadasvlis Semdeg (VII saukunidan) dauwesebiaT mironis miReba am
ukve `berZnul~ saepiskoposoebSi jer konstantinopolidan, Semdeg ki
antioqiidan, ris sanacvlodac `nivTTa wmidasa mosasyidelad~, anu mironis
dasamzadeblad saWiro masalis SesaZenad dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs
unda gadaexadaT `aTasi kvamlidan~ aRebuli Semosavali. VIII saukuneSi
Semdgar krebas, romelic ixilavda dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxs,
mironis sakiTxic ganuxilavs. antioqiis patriarqma qarTvelebs dauwesa:
`raiTa wliTiwlad moscemden Jamad-JamadTa patriarqTa antioqiaTa aTassa
drahkansa, romeli igi moecemoda vidre dReTamde ioane wmidisa
patriarqisaTa, rameTu man aniWa igi orestis wmidasa patriarqsa
ierusalimisasa, romeli movidoda mociqulad basilisa Tana mefisa
berZenTaisa, raTa missa saydarsa miecemodis qarTvelTa mier. da mier dRiTgan
daewesa, raiTa moxsenebai oden saxelisai aqundes qarTvelTa Soris
antioqielsa patriarqsa. da ukeTu odesme wvalebai gamoCndes, maSinRa
miavlinebdes mun eqsarxossa... viTar igi netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa
waravlina basili Rramatikosi wvalebisaTvis akakTaisa~120.
Cven es cnoba, albaT, ase unda gavigoT: antioqiis krebam arasruli
avtokefalia, anu SezRuduli TavisTavadoba mianiWa qvemo iberiis, anu
afxazeTis eklesiis ara qarTul, aramed `berZnul~ saepiskoposoebs.
`berZnuls~ im mxriv, rom maTTan wirva-locvis ena iyo berZnuli, Tumca
mosaxleoba, cxadia, qarTvelebs warmoadgenda. am TavisuflebiT ar
dakmayofildnen formiT `berZnuli~, magram SinaarsiT qarTuli
saepiskoposoebi. maT VIII-IX saukuneebSi ara erTbaSad, aramed TandaTanobiT
berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi gardaqmnes qarTulenovan saepikoposoebad.
maSasadame, am eklesiaSi erT periodSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos
teritoriaze erTdroulad erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobdnen berZnulenovani
da qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi. maT eklesiurad evalebodaT mironisaTvis
masala SeeZinaT antioqiaSi da gadaexadaT aTasi drahkani. Semdgom es aTasi
drahkani ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis unda gadaexadaT. efremis wyaros
Tanaxmad, es daiwyo X saukunidan, magram erTi qarTuli wyaros Tanaxmad,
romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT, es daiwyo IX saukunidan. Cveni fiqriT, mironis
sakiTxi dasavleT saqarTveloSi ase unda gadawyvetiliyo. axalSeqmnili
qarTuli saepiskoposebi imis Semdeg, rac qarTulma saxelmwifom `ganaCina
kaTalikosi afxazeTisa~, 830-iani wlebidan, mirons ukve iRebdnen ara
ierusalimidan, aramed mcxeTidan, e.i. qarTlidan, xolo Zveli berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi kvlavindeburad ganagrZobdnen
mironis Sesyidvas ierusalimis sapatriarqodan. am berZnulenovan
saepiskoposoebSi, Cans, ixseniebdnen ara qarTveli kaTalikosis, aramed
antioqieli patriarqis saxels. swored maTTan, anu berZnulenovan
saepiskoposoebSi agzavnidnen saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi egzarqoss, `viTar-igi
netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa waravlina basili Rramatikosi
wvalebisaTvis akakTaisa~.
maSasadame, qvemo iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi, mirons
qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi qarTlidan (mcxeTidan) iRebdnen, xolo
berZnulenovanebi _ ierusalimidan. berZnulenovani episkoposebi aq, rogorc
cnobilia, X saukunemdec arsebobden. swored dasavleT saqarTvelos
qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi qmnidnen afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. mas
mironis qarTlidan miRebis ufleba ierusalimidan miuRia ara raime
saeklesio wesebis darRveviT, aramed ierusalimis sapatriarqos nebarTviT.
amas unda miuTiTebdes wmida grigol xanZTelis `cxovrebaSi~ daculi erTi
cnoba, romelSic Semdegdroindel gadamwers erTi qaragma swored ver
gauxsnia, ramac mravali gaugebroba dabada SemdegSi. kerZod, gadamwers
qaragma `a-sa~ gauxsnia arasworad, safiqralia, rom es qaragma unda
gaxsniliyo rogorc `afxazeTisa~ da ara rogorc `aRmosavalisa~. imave
winadadebaSi sxva geografiuli saxelicaa ramdenjerme daqaragmebuli
(magaliTad, sityva `ierusalimi~). winadadeba, romelSic mironzea saubari,
Cveni azriT, aseTi saxiT unda gaixsnas - `rameTu pirvelad a-sa (e.i.
afxazeTsa) kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem
qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimis
patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa. aramed qarTlad friadi
qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da
locva yoveli aResrulebis...~
maSasadame, afxazeTma mironi qarTlidan imitom unda miiRos, rom isic
qarTlia, radganac qarTulad tardeba wirva-locvao. imis ufleba ki,
afxazeTis yofil berZnul, amJamad ki qarTulenovan saepiskoposoebs, mironi
qarTlidan mieRoT, moupovebia efrem mawyverel episkoposs ierusalimis
sapatriarqoSive, IX s-is 40-ian wlebSi.
meore mxriv, dasavleT saqarTveloSi IX saukuneSi jer kidev arsebobda
berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi, `roca imperiaSi kvlav xatTayvanismcemlobam
gaimarjva da marTlmadidebloba aRsdga, konstantinopolis kaTedra
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Tavisi uflebebis aRdgenas Seecdeboda. amiT unda
aixsnas IX s. bolos Sedgenil konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi
daqvemdebarebul kaTedraTa nusxebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa
Soris `afxazeTis avtokefaluri saepiskoposoc~ romaa dasaxelebuli121.
sabolood, 744-750 wlebSi, antioqiaSi Semdgari saeklesio krebis
gadawyvetilebaTa dakavSireba afxazeTis, anu `qvemo iberiis~ eklesiasTan,
aseTi saxiT unda warmovidginoT: n. berZeniSvili dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesiis bizantiisagan gamoyofas or etapad ganixilavda. pirveli etapis
dros, misi azriT, egris-afxazeTis gaerTianebis kvaldakval gaerTiandnen
egrisisa da afxazeTis eklesiebi. Camoyalibda dasavleTis erTiani saeklesio
xelisufleba. am pirvel etapze (e.i. VIII saukunesa da IX s. dasawyisSi),
`pirvel xanebSi _ wers n. berZeniSvili, _ safiqrebelia, politikurad jer
welmoumagrebeli afxazeTis mefeebi moeridebodnen saeklesio sakiTxis
gamwvavebas da konstantinopolis sapatriarqos mxolod saeklesio
gaerTianebis dasturs mosTxovdnen~ . 122
rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, dasavleT saqarTvelodan saeklesio delegacia
gamgzavrebula ara konstantinopolSi (xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo), aramed
antioqiaSi, sadac Cvens gansaxilvel 750-iani wlebis krebas, faqtobrivad,
daudasturebia `qvemo iberiis~, anu egris-afxazeTis eklesiebis gaerTianebis,
anu qvemo iberiis (afxazeTis) sakaTalikosos aRiarebis sakiTxi. am
droisaTvis, faqtobrivad, afxazeTis kaTalikosi iyo berZnuli eklesiis
warmomadgenli dasavleT saqarTveloSi1. e.i. antioqiis krebam mcxeTis
eklesias ki ar SeuerTa egris-afxazeTis eklesia, aramed igi ganixila,
rogorc berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali avtonomiuri erTeuli, amisagan
gamomavali yoveli SedegiT (mironis miReba, egzarqosis gagzavna, berZeni
patriarqis saxelis moxsenieba wirva-locvis dros).
maSasadame, antioqiis I saeklesio kreba iyo berZnuli eklesiis kreba,
romelmac ganixila berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali `qvemo iberiis~ eklesiis
erT-erTi sakiTxi. m. lorTqifaniZe wers: `gaerTianebuli dasavleT
saqarTvelos eklesia pirvel xanebSi konstantinopolze iyo damokidebuli da
oficialurad berZnul eklesias warmoadgenda, xolo am eklesiis meTauri
afxazTa kaTalikosi _ berZenTa warmomadgeneli. magram am mdgomareobas verc
egris-afxazeTis mefeebi moiTmendnen da verc mcxeTis kaTalikosebi~123.
Seqmnili sarwmunoebrivi viTarebis gamo, berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali `qvemo
iberiis~ sakiTxi konstantinopolis nacvlad ganixila berZnuli eklesiis
meore centrma _ antioqiam. amis Semdeg ukve daiwyo meore etapi `qvemo
iberiis~ (afxazeTis) eklesiisa. meore etapis dros es eklesia daubrunda
qarTul (mcxeTis) dedaeklesias (IX-X saukuneebSi), magram administraciul-
ierarqiuli wyobis ukve arsebuli saxe SeinarCuna. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso
Sevida qarTul eklesiaSi msgavsad berZnul sapatriarqoebSi arsebuli
samitropolitoebisa.
berZnul sapatriarqoebSi samitropolitoebs marTavda patriarqi.
mitropolitebs, Tavis mxriv, eqvemdebarebodnen samitropolitoebis
episkoposebi, romelTa raodenoba sakmaod didi, 500-mdec ki SesaZlebelia
yofiliyo. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos episkoposebi eqvemdebarebodnen
afxazeTis kaTalikoss, romelic, Tavis mxriv, mcxeTis kaTalikosze iyo
damokidebuli. erTs `uxucesi~, meores ki - `umrwemesi~ erqva.
`egris-afxazeTis mefeebma eklesiuri gamoyofis mopovebisTanave daiwyes
Zveli (bizantiuri) saepiskoposo kaTedrebis moSla dasavleT saqarTveloSi
da maT sapirispirod axali qarTuli kaTedrebis daarseba. X s. manZilze
moiSala gudayvis (ZiRinevis) kaTedra, foTis kaTedra, xolo aSenda
Wyondidis, moqvis, bediisa da sxva saydrebi, sadac Seiqmna axali, qarTuli,
saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. ase TandaTanobiT idevneboda bizantiis gavlena~124.
`es saeklesio gamoyofa, rogorc vTqviT, erTbaSad ar xdeba, jer
xorcieldeba egris-afxazeTis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rogorc
konstantinopolis samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa, romelsac saTaveSi afxazTa
kaTalikosi edga (VIII s. bolo an IX s. dasawyisi), Semdeg IX s. manZilze
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyo konstantinopols da mcxeTis taxts
uerTiandeba, xolo afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss
uqvemdebardeba~125.
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis konstantinopolis samwysosagan
gamoyofis garkvevisaTvis gamoiyeneba e.w. eqTezisebi _ konstantinopolis
samwysoSi Semavali kaTedrebis nusxebi. Cvens gansaxilvel periods exeba am
nusxaTa ori jgufi. `pirveli jgufis nusxebi Sedgenilia leon VI-is
mefobamde (leoni mefobda 886-911 w.w.), am nusxebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos
yvela kaTedra, fazisis mitropolitiT lazeTSi, misdami daqvemdebarebuli
oTxi episkoposiT, afxazeTis sebastopolis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi da
jiqeTSi nikofsiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi konstantinopolis samwysos
eqvemdebarebian. meore jgufis nusxebidan Cans, rom X s-is dasawyisSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos arc erTi kaTedra (lazeTis, afxazeTisa da jiqeTis,
nikofsiisa) aRar eqvemdebareba konstantinopolis patriarqs. aRniSnulis
safuZvelze aSkarad Cans, rom cvlileba dasavleT saqarTvelos
mdgomareobaSi, misi gamoyofa konstantinopolidan da mcxeTis taxtisadmi
daqvemdebareba IX saukunis manZilze moxda, radganac pirveli jgufis
nusxebis nagvianevi nusxa IX s-is dasawyisSia (820-829) Sedgenili126, xolo
meore jgufis pirveli nusxa - X s-is dasawyisSi (901-907 w.w.)~127. maSasadame,
marTalia, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zogierTi nusxa, romlebSic naTqvamia
afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikosos mecxre saukuneSi daarsebis Sesaxeb:
`xolo aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs qristes aqeT
830~128.
tao-klarjeTis mTavari bagrat I kurapalati (826-826), Ze aSot
kurapalatisa, ibrZoda qarTlis saxelmwifos ara mxolod politikuri,
aramed eklesiuri gaerTianebisTvisac. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli mis mier
`afxazeTis kaTalikosis~ gaCena. aq igulisxmeba am sakaTalikosos sulieri
daqvemdebareba mcxeTis eklesiisadmi, iqamde ki, rogorc aRiniSna, antioqiis
VIII s-is 50-iani wlebis krebam kanonikuri safuZveli Seuqmna `qvemo iberiis~,
anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnas.
aRniSnulma antioqiis I-ma saeklesio krebam VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi
TavisTavadoba (avtokefalia) mianiWa ara afxazeTis, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ an
ubralod `iberiis~ eklesias, anu im teritoriaze ganTavsebul saeklesio
erTeuls, romlis sazRvrebs warmoadgenda mdinare klisura Crdilo-
dasavleTiT, da, e.w. `skanda-Sorapnis~ xazi aRmosavleTiT. erT dros
bizantiis xeldebuli es teritoria – imJamad bizantielTagan politikurad
ganTavisuflebuli iyo Tanaxmad qarTuli wyaroebisa, romelTac qvemoT
SevexebiT. am, anu `qvemo iberiis~ saeklesio erTeuls mxolod VIII s-is
bolodan SeiZleboda wodeboda afxazeTis eklesia, kerZod mas Semdeg, rac
mdinare klisuras iqiT iqamde bizantiaSi Semavali istoriuli afxazeTisa da
qvemo iberiis miwa-wyali gaerTianda afxazTa axali samefo dinastiis
Camoyalibebis Semdeg (es sakiTxi ganxilulia wignSi `saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II).
ase, rom `qvemo iberiis~ TavisTavad eklesias mxolod VIII s. bolos an IX
s. dasawyisSi ewoda afxazeTis eklesia. mis meTaurs kaTalikosis wodeba
miuRia qarTvel mefeTa mier, kerZod tao-klarjeTis mefes bagrats 830 wels
`ganuCenia~ kaTalikosi afxazeTisa, rac ganxiluli iyo. am
sakaTalikososaTvis adgilzeve (afxazeTic iberiaa anu qarTlia) mironis
kurTxevis miRebis uflebisaTvis IX saukuneSive uzrunia efrem mawyverels,
rac aseve ganxiluli iyo.
Cvens istoriografiaSi XX s. dasawyisidan Camoyalibda umarTebulo
Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mxolod IX saukunidan ewoda
`qarTli~, sinamdvileSi piriqiT, Cveni wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT
dasavleT saqarTvelo Tavdapirveladve mefe farnavazis droidan Sedioda
qarTlis samefoSi, amitomac ewodeboda kidev `qarTli~ anu ufro zustad
`qvemo qarTli~ anu `qvemo iberia~, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo
qarTli~, `zemo qveyana (es termini kaTalikosTa titulaturaSic aisaxa) da
swored VIII s. bolodan `qvemo qarTls~ anu dasavleT saqarTvelos ewoda
`afxazeTi~, dinastiuri cvlis Sedegad, Tumca eklesiuri da kulturuli
TvalsazrisiT afxazeTi, iseve rogorc tao-klarjeTi da hereT-kaxeTi
qarTlis qveynebad iwodeboda, Zveli Cveulebis Sesabamisad, uZvelesi
droidanve, amis Sesaxeb erTxmad RaRadeben qarTuli wyaroebi. magaliTad,
`moqcevai qarTlisai~ qarTlis qveynis Crdilo dasavleTis sazRvars debs
mdinare egiswyalze, `Tana hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa Ze arian qarTlisa
mefisa da mas mouboZa mcxeTa sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da
egriswyali da somxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvida~129.
aqedan da `moqcevai qarTlisais~ sxva uamravi cnobidan, romelsac sxva
qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli miTiTebanic eTanxmebian qarTlis anu
qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi aseTia - dasavleTiT Savi zRva, egrisis CaTvliT,
Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdinare egriswyali, aRmosavleTiT hereTi, samxreTiT
`somxiTi~ anu somxeTi. eTnikurad es qveyana dasaxlebuli iyo erTi eriT,
erTi xalxiT, romelTac ewodebodaT qarTvelebi, maT ricxvSi, cxadia,
egriselebic Sedian, amis Sesaxeb pirdapir migviTiTebs magaliTad `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ Semdegi cnoba (sxva uamrav cnobasTan erTad): `masve Jamsa
gamovides berZenni afxazeTiT (rameTu berZenTa hqonda egriswyals quemoTi
kerZi yoveli) da daipyres egris-wyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde. maSin iqmna
glova da wuxili yovelTa zeda qarTvelTa da ityodes `ganvamravleT codva
RmrTisa mimarT... samarTlianad moawia RmerTman Cuen zeda ese risxva, rameTu
migvcna Cuen wartyuevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari
berZenTagan... erisa codvaTagan... viZioT Cuen Suri... vZebneT sazRvari
qarTlisa berZenTagan~130.
am amonaridSi pirdapiraa naxsenebi sityva `sazRvari qarTlisa~, romelic
berZnebma daarRvies, sad? maT gadmolaxes mdinare egriswyali da miitaces
teritoria am mdinaredan vidre cixe-gojamde. vin wuxs am ubedurebas? - amasac
pasuxobs mematiane - `yovelni qarTvelni~ (aman gamoiwvia `wuxili yovelTa
zeda qarTvelTa~), cxadia, am qarTvelTa ricxvSi upirvelesad igulisxmeboda
egriselebi, egrisis mosaxleoba, es igulisxmeba mematianis winadadebaSi -
`migvcna Cuen wartyuevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa~, swored istoriuli egrisis
didi nawili mdinare egriswylidan cixe-gojamde daipyres anu `wartyuenes~
berZnebma, iqvea `migviRo Cven sazRvari berZenTagan~ - egriselebi, iseve
rogorc mTeli (yoveli) qarTlis mosaxleoba wuxda am ubedurebas.
am amonaridSi mravaljer gvxvdeba sityva `Cuen~, am `Cuenis~ qveS
igulisxmeba `yovelni qarTvelni~, rogorc iqve Cans, am qarTvelTa ricxvSi ki
upirvelesad egriselebi igulisxmeba, romelTa regionis sazRvaric da
romlis miwa-wyalic iqna `wartyuenili~. sabolood Seuracxyofili
qarTvelebi askvnian `viZioT Cvuen Suri, vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa~, anu
aRvadginoT igi, sad? cxadia, mdinare egiswyalze (esaa V s. ambebi) SemdgomSi,
vaxtang mefis drosve sazRvrad gadaiqca mdinare klisura. romel enaze
urTierTobdnen es qarTvelebi? romeli ena iyo maTi erovnuli anu
saxelmwifo ena? - es iyo qarTuli ena. qarTuli ena rom saerTo erovnuli
ena iyo `yovelTa qarTvelTa~, rom es ena egrisisa da sxva regionebSic
mcxovrebi mkvidri mosaxleobis ena iyo, amis Sesaxeb Cven mogviTxrobs
cnobili moRvawe arsen beri (miiCnevdnen, rom igi iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis
moZRvari). is wmida ninos cxovrebaSi gadmoscems cnobebs qarTvelTa
eTnogenezisis, maTi qveynis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb da aseve gvawvdis cnobas enis
Sesaxebac. kerZod, arsen beri cxadia gadmoscemda qarTul sazogadoebaSi
arsebul Tvalsazriss, rom uZveles xanaSi, arian qarTlidan aleqsandre
makedonelis dros kavkasiaSi gadmosaxlebuli qarTveloba dasaxlda rogorc
dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, arsenisaTvisac qarTlis qveynis
Crdilo dasavleT sazRvari aris mdinare egriswyali. egriswylidan hereTamde
mcxovrebi mosaxleobis ena, arseni beris azriT, Tavidanve qarTulia, is wers:
`Cven Svilni varT maT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da ena maTi uwyiT~131.
maSasadame, qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT egriswylidan-
hereTamde cxovrobs erTi xalxi, erTi eniT, maT aqvT erTi saxelmwifo
`qarTlis samefo~, `yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT (e.i. arian qarTlidan
gadmosaxlebulTa) mefeTa Svilni arian~6132. arseni beris TvalsazrisiT,
yvela regionis mcxovrebTa, maT Soris egrisisa da svaneTis mosaxleobis ena
qarTuli enaa, Tumca, cxadia, albaT misTvis cnobili iyo am kuTxeTa enebis
arseboba, magram albaT isini dialeqtebad miaCnda. ruis-urbnisis krebis wmida
mamaTa TvalsazrisiT, qarTlis samefo IV s-Sic aerTianebda saqarTvelos
dasavleT da aRmosavleT nawilebs, amitomac am krebis mier gamocemul
kanonTa `ZeglisweraSic~ sagangebodaa xazgasmuli, rom wmida ninom moaqcia
ara mxolod qveynis erTi kuTxis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mosaxleoba,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobac qarTlis samefos sazRvrebSi, e.i.
egrisic moaqcia, mdinare egriswylamde, qarTlis samefos sazRvramde, kerZod
_ wmida ninom `sarwmunoebasa mimarT Tvisisasa miizida yoveli savsebai
yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa133.
mefe mirianis samefoSi, anu qarTvelTa erTian saxelmwifoSi, qarTlis
cxovrebis Tanaxmad, cxadia, egrisic Sedis _ `mefobda mirian qarTls, rans,
hereTs, movakans da aqunda egrisica vidre egriswylamde~134, am wyaros cnobiT
qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebs cnobs bizantiis imperatori: `me,
konstantine mefe, TviTmpyrobeli... movswere Senda RmrTiv-ganbrZnobilisa...
mefisa mirianisassa. iyavn Sen Tana mSvidoba... gandevnen RmerTman
dambadebelman eSmaki macduri sazRvarTagan SenTa~ . 135
mematianeTa Tanaxmad, qarTvel mefeTa upirvelesi movaleoba iyo
saxelmwifo sazRvrebis dacva, aseve mematianeebi xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom
bizantieli imperatori cnobdnen am sazRvrebs, magaliTad, aleqsandre
makedoneli `aCens~ pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifo sazRvars mdinare
egriswyalze, zemoT moyvanili amonarididan Cans, rom imperatori konstantine
cnobs qarTlis samefos sazRvrebs da sxv.
qarTuli eklesiis mamebic TavianT yuradRebas apyrobdnen qveynis
geopolitikur areals. magaliTad, ruis-urbnisis krebis mamebis ganmartebiT,
is areali, sadac iqadaga andria pirvelwodebulma aris qarTvelTa qveyana
anu `saqarTvelo~. cnobilia, rom andriam iqadaga klarjeTsa da egrisSi,
maSasadame, krebis wmida mamebi ueWvelad darwmunebulni arian, rom egrisi
klarjeTTan erTad I-II saukuneebSi, mociqulTa qadagebebis dros qarTvelTa
qveynebi arian anu `saqarTveloa~. _ kreba wers: `pirvelwodebuli andria...
Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadageba saxarebisai yovelsa
queyanasa saqarTvelosasa...~136.
egrisi I-II saukuneebSi `saqarTveloa~. esaa XII s. damdegis qarTvel wmida
mamaTa da ruis-urbnisis krebis ueWveli Tvalsazrisi. maTi es mosazreba
gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove, XX s-is oficialur istorikosTa Tvalsazrisisagan,
romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelo mxolod XI s-is Semdeg ewoda erTian qveyanas.
maT am mosazrebas ar daeTanxmebodnen arc Cveni mematianeebi, magaliTad
juanSeri, romelic wers, rom VII s. bolosa da VIII s. dasawyisSi saqarTvelo
erqva miwa-wyals mdinare klisuramde afxazeTSi _ `klisura romeli mas Jamsa
iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa~137.
`qvemo iberiis~ anu rogorc Semdgom ewoda afxazeTis sakaTalikosos
warmoqmnis istoriis Sesaswavlad uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTvelTa
saxelmwifos sazRvrebs. mematianes cnobiT, es sazRvari SeibRala VII s. 20-ian
wlebSi bizantiis keisari herakles mier. `maSin wariRes berZenTa sazRvari
qarTlisa, speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRvis piri... sxva yoveli qarTli
daipyro adarnase bakuris Zeman mTavrobiT da mefobisa saxeli verca man
ikadra~138.
`sazRvari qarTlisa~, rogorc zemoT mravalgzis aRiniSna, upirvelesad
Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT gulisxmobda mdinare klisuras, sadamdec,
mematianes sityviT, vaxtang gorgasalma bizantiis imperatoris nebiT
gadaitana `qarTlis samefos~ sazRvari. maSasadame, axla VII saukunis 20-ian
wlebSi, es sazRvari miitaca herakle keisarma, dasavleT saqarTvelos erT
nawilTan erTad _ Cans, esaa `zRvis piri~ - maSasadame, zRvispira teritoria
gulisxmobs ara mxolod klarjeTs, aramed miwa-wyals speridan da
klarjeTis bolodan mdinare klisuramde. rogorc garkveulia am mitacebuli
teritoriis sigane aRwevda e.w. skanda-Sorapanis sazRvramde139.
aq, am mitacebul teritoriaze, romelsac ucxoelebi `qvemo iberias~
uwodeben konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi damorCilebuli
saepiskoposoebi warmoiqmnen. isini, rogorc ganxilulia Tavis adgilas,
monawileobdnen kidec trulis msoflio saeklesio krebaSi. rogorc
matianeebidan Cans, es mitacebuli teritoria qarTvel mefeebs kvlav qarTlis
samefos nawilad miaCndaT, dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawili,
kerZod, argveTi kvlav maT xelSi iyo. rogorc Cans, arabTa Semosevis
droisaTvis egrisis didi nawili, cixe gojis CaTvliT qarTlis mefeTa
saxelmwifos nawils warmoadgenda, amas unda miuTiTebdes is, rom murvan
yrus Semosevis dros qarTlis imJamindelma mefe stefanozma da misma vaJma
mirma winaparTa samefo gvirgvinebi, mefe mirianisa da mefe vaxtang
gorgaslisa, usafrTxoebis mizniT gadaitanes Tavisi samefos dacul nawilSi
da daasvenes (e.i. Seinaxes) quTaissa da cixe-gojSi, xolo qarTlis mefe
stefanozi gardacvalebis Semdeg Tavis qveyanaSi egrisSi dakrZale140.
arabTagan devnili qarTlis mefeebi egrisidan gadavidnen afxazeTSi _
murvan yru `Seudga kvalsa maTsa... Sevlo zRude igi sazRvari klisurisa. da
viTarca Sevlo yruman klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa
da saqarTvelosa da Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa cxumi da moadga cixesa
anakofiisasa... mun iyvnes maSin mefeni qarTlisani mir da arCil~141.
es mefeebi SeebrZolnen arabebs da ukuaqcies isini. es iyo mniSvnelovani
momenti. amiT gaxarebulma bizantiis imperatorma, qarTuli wyaros cnobiT,
gadawyvita aRedgina bizantiis mier SebRaluli qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi,
cxadia, mdinare klisuraze da saerTod egrisis zRvispireTSi, anu man aRiara
qarTuli saxelmwifos uflebamosileba im teritoriaze, romelic Tavis
droze miitaca herakle keisarma, wyaro gvamcnobs, rom imperatorma brZaneba
miswera Tavis moxele-erisTavs afxazeTSi aRar daerRvia qarTlis sazRvrebi,
kerZod, imperatorma am werilSi aRiara, rom es sazRvrebi darRveuli iyo
bizantielTa mier, magram amis Semdego - naTqvamia brZanebaSi, aseTi ram aRar
ganmeordes, pativi eci am sazRvrebis urRvevobaso, kerZod, werili aseTia -
`yovladve sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cvengan qmnil ars vneba... aramed keTilad
pativs cemdi mefeTa da erTa magaT qarTlisaTa da amieridan nurRara
xelgewifebis vnebaT maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa egrisaTa~142. es imas niSnavs,
rom kvlav aRsdga oficialurad, qarTlis samefo sazRvari mdinare
klisuraze, amasTanave bizantiam aRiara, rom is arRvevda am sazRvrebs. amis
Semdeg mefe miris samefoSi Sedis `egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da
guria~143.
rogorc aRiniSna, mefe stefanozi (arCil da mir mefeebis mama) quTaisSi
dakrZales143. quTaisi qarTlis mefeTa `samkvidro~ iyo. mefe miris anderZi
Tavisi Zmisadmi amas miuTiTebs - `warscen Zualni misni da dahflen saydarsa
quTaisisasa, raTa ipovos sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~143.
md. klisuridan mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis mefeTa samkvidroa
arCilis drosac. mefe arCili ambobs _ `adgilni Cvenni klisuriTgan aRmarT.
warval da daveSenebi cixe-gojs da quTaiss~144.
ufro ukeTesi magaliTebis moyvana SeuZlebelia imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
IX-X saukuneebamde qarTveloba, qarTuli eklesia da saxelmwifo moRvaweebi
`yoveli qarTlis~ qveS moiazrebdnen mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos vidre
mdinare klisuramde, dasaxlebuls qarTveli xalxiT. amitomac uwodebdnen
qveynis am nawils `qvemo iberias~. rogorc Cans, imis Semdeg rac mefe miris
dros bizantiis saxelmwifom qarTlis mefeebs daubruna iqamde nawilobriv
maT mier daWerili Savi zRvispira teritoriebi, Cans iq arsebul berZnul
saepiskoposoebisaTvis politikuri iurisdiqciis problema warmoiSva, isini
ukve aRar imyofebodnen bizantiur qveyanaSi, aramed qarTvelTa saxelmwifoSi,
amitomac, Cans, VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi maT cades moepovebinaT
konstantinopolisagan damoukidebloba, rasac miaRwies antioqiis
sapatriarqoSi, xolo imis gamo, rom VIII s. bolos, 80-90-ian wlebSi Seicvala
qarTlis samefo dinastia, da dasavleTSi warmoCnda afxazuri samefo
dinastia, romelmac gaaerTiana dasavleTi saqarTvelo, `qvemo iberiis~
eklesias ukve IX s-dan ewoda `afxazeTis sakaTalikoso~.

5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi)

daaxloebiT 840 wels samxreT saqarTveloSi, anCSi Catarda saeklesio

kreba, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili `adgilobrivs~ uwodebs145. magram, Cveni
azriT, es iyo episkoposTa kreba, radganac mas ar eswreboda kaTalikosi,
uromlisodac Znelia krebas `adgilobrivi~ uwodo. Tanac safiqrebelia, rom
anCis krebis dadgenileba ar Seiwynara kaTalikosma da igi gauqmda, radgan
krebis mier episkoposobis pativisagan gankveTili anCeli episkoposi cqiri
kvlav dabrunda Tavis kaTedraze, rac cxadia kaTalikosis nebis gareSe ar
moxdeboda.
giorgi merCules mier mowodebuli cnobis Tanaxmad, anCis saepiskoposo
saydarze bagrat kurapalatis Zes aSots auyvania sarwebis eklesiaSi
diakvnad namyofi, tfilisis amira sahak ismailis Zis mier aRzrdili vinme
cqiri. cxadia, saWiro iyo cqiris episkoposad xeldasxma, rac mxolod
kaTalikoss SeeZlo, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad. maSasadame,
kaTalikossa da saero xelisuflebas xeldasxmis Semdeg cqiri anCis cnobil
saepiskoposo kaTedraze dausvamT. anCeli episkoposis eparqiaSi Sedioda
klarjeTis cnobili monasterebi, `klarjeTis didebulni udabnoni, mRvdelni
da diakonni maTni anCelTa episkoposTagan ikurTxvian~. anCis saepiskoposo
kaTedra udidesi mniSvnelobisa da Rirsebisa iyo saqarTvelos kaTedraTa
Soris.
giorgi merCules wyarodan metad sainteresoa cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom
Tbilisis mahmadiani amira iyo gamzrdeli qristianisa, romelmac Semdgom
episkoposis pativic ki miiRo. amasTanave Tbilisis amiram uSuamdgomla kidec
tao-klarjeTis xelmwifis winaSe Tavis gazrdils, raTa mas qarTul
eklesiaSi Rirseuli adgili daeWira. am cnobiT kidev erTxel dasturdeba
gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom qarTul eklesias mniSvnelovani
adgili eWira Tbilisis saamiroSi da iq arabTa da mahmadianTa batonobisas
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Tavisi didi samrevlo da eklesia-monastrebi
hqonda. amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli amiras mier qristiani yrmis aRzrda,
mis gaepiskoposobaze zrunva, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobda amiras saqmian
urTierTobas qarTlis kaTalikosTan, uromlisodac, cxadia, arc erTi
mniSvnelovani saeklesio saqme ar aResruleboda. saqarTvelos patriarq
melqisedekis sigelidanac Cans Tbilisis amirasTan mWidro urTierToba.
melqisedeki werda, `romeli qalaqisa gasavali iyo amis wmidisa
dedaqalaqisagan: cxvari, cxeni, Rvino., zedani da raica iyo yoveli ali
amiraman amogvigdo da avxade amas wmidasa kaTolike eklesiisa~146. es niSnavs,
rom qarTul eklesias amiram ekonomikuri SeRavaTebi mianiWa, rac
mniSvnelovani saqme iyo. am mosazrebas adasturebs 1263 wels laSas Ze mefe
daviTis dros mowveuli krebac.
zemoTqmulidan kidev erTxel dasturdeba, rom saqarTvelos
gaerTianebamde qarTuli eklesia moicavda qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul yovel
politikur-saxelmwifoebriv erTeuls, maT Soris Tbilissa da qvemo qarTlSi.
eklesia qarTuli qveynebis sulieri gamamTlianebeli, gamaerTianebeli iyo,
miT umetes, rom XI s-is, 80-iani wlebis Semdeg, arabuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad,
`Tbilisis gamgebloba TviT xalxs Cauvarda xelSi~147. es Tbilisis
gaTavisuflebamde grZeldeboda. xalxi albaT qalaqs Tavisi
warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT marTavda, eseni unda yofiliyvnen `qalaqis
berebi~, maT Soris albaT iyvnen namdvili berebic, qarTuli eklesiis
warmomadgenlebi, radganac cxadia `Tbilisis xalxSi~ qristianic mravali
iyo. gansaxilvel epoqaSi IX saukunis Sua wlebSi Tbilisis saxelganTqmuli
amira sahak ismailis Ze, anu ishak ibn ismail-Suabi Tbiliss da mimdebare
mxareebsac 23 wlis ganmavlobaSi xalifasagan damoukideblad 853 wlamde
marTavda. am wlis 5 agvistos igi buRa Turqma sikvdiliT dasaja gandgomis
gamo.
arabTa centraluri xelisuflebis mier ajanyebuli Tbilisis amiras
dasasjelad gamogzavnili laSqris winaaRmdeg gamovida da sahakis mxares
dadga egris-afxazeTis samefoc, magram buRa Turqma amira daamarcxa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom bagrat kurapalati, tao-klarjeTis mTavari, buRas mxareze
idga.
 mematianis sityviT, buRa Turqma `Semusra tfilisi, dawva cecxliTa da
moaoxrna yovelni areni misni148. `Semusra yoveli somxeTi~ armeniis mxareebi.
arabebs Tavisi saxalifo provinciebad hqondaT dayofili, romelTagan erT-
erTi iyo `armenia~, mas `armeniis vali~ marTavda. Tbilisis saamiro am
`armeniis valis~ emorCileboda. es faqti imiTaa saintereso, rom arabebi
mfarvelobdnen somxur sarwmunoebas, monofizitobas, viTarca arabizantiurs,
araqalkedoniturs. diofitizoba _ arabebisaTvis mouTmeneli iyo, rogorc
movses kalankatuacis cnobebidan Cans, qarTlSi gansakuTrebiT ki Tbilissa
da qvemo qarTlSi am dros SedarebiT gaZlierda somxuri eklesia,
gansakuTrebiT, qvemo qarTlSi, ris gamoc am mxareSi Camoyalibda taSir-
Zoraketis _ lore-taSiris somxuri samefo. misi mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils
qarTvelebi Seadgendnen, mmarTvel zedafenas ki monofizitebi, e.i. `somxebi~
warmoadgendnen. iqamde ki VI-VII saukuneebSi tao da misi momijnave qarTuli
mxare, rogorc cnobilia, somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS moeqca, ris
gamoc adgilobrivi qarTveloba dauaxlovda somxur kulturasa da
civilizacias. es qarTuli mxare zogjer somxur saeklesio centrebsac ki
warmoadgenda. ase iyo nerse somexTa kaTalikosis drosac, romelmac iSxanSi
(taoSi) VII s-Si sakaTalikoso centric Seqmna. am dros somxuri eklesia
uniaSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis (bizantiis) eklesiasTan, amitomac
ZiriTadad marTlmadideblobas aRiarebda. amis gamo, e.i. somxuri oficialuri
eklesiis marTlmadideblobis (qalkedonitobis) gamo, taos qarTvelebisaTvis,
anu mxaris ZiriTadi mosaxleobisaTvis somxur iurisdiqciaSi yofna
sarwmunoebriv uxerxulobas ar qmnida, magram VIII-is 20-iani wlebis Semdeg,
rac somxurma oficialurma eklesiam daufaravad aRiara Tavis erTaderT
sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebad monofizitoba, taosa da, cxadia, klarjeTis
mosaxleobisaTvis (e.i. eTnikuri qarTvelebisaTvis) somxuri eklesia
miuRebeli gaxda da isini sixaruliT daubrundnen qarTul deda eklesias
(miT umetes, rom am droisaTvis es teritoriebi bizantiis imperiis mier iyo
xeldebuli), tao-klarjelma qarTvelebma sixaruliT miiRes qarTlidan
devnili bagrationi xelisufalni da qarTlidan Camosuli qarTveli berebi –
q arTuli dedaeklesiis Rirseuli moRvaweebi.
arabebi aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias misi antiqalkedonuri
aRmsareblobis gamo, magram imis Semdeg, rac arabuli imperiis erT-erTi
provincia `armenia~ ganudga centralur xelisuflebas, arabTa damsjeli
eqspedicia xSirad laSqravda `armenias~, e.i. somxeTs, magram, ara somxuri
eklesiisa da somexi xalxis dasjis mizniT, aramed `armeniis~ arabi
mmarTvelisa da misi Zalis gasanadgureblad. Tbileli amira sahaki
mokavSireebsa da sayrdens eZebda qarTvelTa Soris arabuli centraluri
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros. magaliTad, misTvis aseTi iyo
gardabnis qarTveloba, romlebic yovelTvis Tbilisis amiras uWerdnen
mxars149. amqveyneli unda yofiliyo `sahakis monaTagani, saxeliT gabuloc~,
romelic Tbilisis amiradac ki dajda. sahakis, SeiZleba iTqvas, qarTuli
orientaciis Sedegi unda yofiliyo mis mier qarTveli qristianis cqiris
aRzrda qristianuli wesebis dacviT da Semdgom misi qarTuli eklesiis
episkoposad dasmis survili. mas esaWiroeboda ara mxolod politikuri
momxreebi qarTul qveynebSi, aramed gavleniani momxreebi eklesiaSi. meore
mxriv, sahakis aseTi survili da qmedeba miuTiTebs aRniSnul periodSi
qarTuli eklesiis siZlieresa da mis did saxelmwifoebriv wonas. radgan
sahakis qmedeba arsebiTad mimarTuli iyo arabuli centraluri xelisuflebis
winaaRmdeg, qarTlis kaTalikosi ar ewinaaRmdegeboda amira sahakis
ganzraxvas, piriqiT, misi gazrdili cqiri akurTxa episkoposad da aSotis,
mesxeTis mTavris nebarTviT dasva anCis saydarze. samwuxarod, episkoposi
cqiri ar aRmoCnda Rirsi am maRali pativisa, magram misi kaTedridan
gadayenebis mizezi, momCivanTa azriT, iyo ara imdenad misi Selaxuli piradi
Rirseba, aramed darRvevebi samarTlis sferoSi. tao-klarjeli berebis
azriT `sabWos samarTali~ moiTxovda, rom kaTalikoss mxolod imis Semdeg
moexdina episkoposis xeldasxma anCis saydarze, roca kandidats eqneboda
`yovelTa maT udabnoTa wameba da wigni yovelTa WeSmariti sawamebeli~, saqme
isaa, rom anCeli episkoposis samwysoSi Sedioda cnobili klarjeTis 12
samonastre savane. maSasadame, adgilobrivi saeklesio tradicia moiTxovda
anCel saepiskoposo kandidats jer moepovebina am savaneebisagan (udabnoTa)
Tanxmoba, Tanac Tanxmoba werilobiTi saxisa, `sawamebeli~, anu dasamowmebeli
`wignis~ saxiT150.
ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, aRniSnuli `wamebaБ da TanadgomaБ~ (mrevlisa
da samwysos RvTismsaxurebisa) episkoposTa kurTxevisaTvis mTel maSindel
saqarTveloSi iyo SemoRebuli wesad151. SesaZloa, es marTlac ase iyo, magram
giorgi merCules azriT, aseTi wesi konkretulad anCis saepiskoposoSi iyo
SemoRebuli. avtori wers kidec, Tu ra iyo amis mizezi. es yofila anCis
saepiskoposo kaTedris xandazmuloba, `uricxvi Jamni~, agreTve is, rom mas
hyolia `episkoposnica mravalni~ da amasTanave yvela anCeli episkoposi
yovelTvis ZvelTaganve yofila `umizezo, wmida da Rirsi~ _ `viTarca Sehgavs
wmidisa mas saydarsa qalwulebiT damarxulsa gaxrwnisagan wvalebisa
gularZnilisa moZRvrebisa saxelsa zeda wmidisa qristes RmrTisa xatisasa
aRSenebulsa~152. e.i. wmida da Rirseuli episkoposebi imitom SeSvenis anCis
saepiskoposos, rom man qalwulebrivad daicva Tavi mwvaleblebisagan. cxadia,
aq igulisxmeba is, rom anCis mezoblad taoSi mdebare iSxnis da sxva
qarTulma saepiskoposoebma ver SeZles Tavis dacva somxuri eklesiisagan da
VI-VII saukuneebSi misi iurisdiqciis qveS moeqcnen, xolo anCis saydari, anu
saepiskoposi yovelTvis diofizituri, anu marTlmadidebluri yofila.
amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva, xom ar miiCnies anCis saepiskoposo
kaTedraze asuli cqiri prosomxuri orientaciis pirad? amis mizezic hqondaT,
Tbilisis saamiro, rogorc aRvniSneT, arabul provincia `armeniaSi~ Sedioda,
sadac arabebi somxur eklesias araTu aviwroebdnen, aramed xels uwyobdnen
kidec. Tbilisis saamiroSic, gansakuTrebiT ki qvemo qarTlSi, amis gamo
somxur eklesias didi gasaqani mieca. amitomac, cxadia, somxuri eklesiisagan
dazaralebulad miCneul mxares, kerZod ki tao-klarjeTis qarTvel berebs
sruli safuZveli hqondaT saeWvod mieCniaT Tbilisis amira sahakis aRzrdili
cqiris anCis saydarze asvla. uwoda kidec cqirs giorgi merCulem `RvarZli
sarwebs aRmocenebuli~153, magram daeWveba, cxadia, ar iyo sakmarisi mis
gadasayeneblad, amitomac moiZebna zemoaRniSnuli safuZveli _ qarTlis
kaTalikoss adgilobrivi `sabWos samarTlis~ mixedviT, ufleba ar hqonda
klarjeTis monastrebis dasamowmebeli `wignebis~ (anu Tanxmobis) gareSe anCis
saydris episkoposi daesva. ufro metic, cqirs adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis
winaSe uSuamdgomla Tbilisis amiram, romelsac uari ver uTxra aSotma.
`amgvarad cqirma `mZlavrebiT daipyra anCi~. erTxel uweso gzaze damdgars
erTimeoreze ufro mcdari saqcieli Caudenia: `SesZina Zviri Zvirsa misa
zeda~154. `uwesoebaTa~ Sesaxeb SeniSnes cqirs meudabnoe mamebma, `kaTolike
eklesiis samwysom~ da ufro ki mama grigolma `rameTu udabnoebis
arqimandriti iyo~. brZola ise gaZlierda, rom cqirs mama grigolis
mosaklavad kacic ki dauqiravebia, magram didma saswaulma es danaSauli
CaSala. cqiri kidev ufro gaborotda. amitom `erTobiT auwyes yoveli didsa
mas xelmwifesa aSot kurapalatsa da brZanebiTa misiTa yovelTa maT moweseTa
anCisa kaTolike eklesiiTa wigni misweres qarTlisa kaTalikosisasa mimarT
da mis mier episkoposni Rirsni moiwines anCs da maT Tana Semokribes yovelni
igi meudabnoebi mamani~155.
anCis krebis mimdinareoba aseTi yofila: qarTlis kaTalikosis mier
gamogzavnili episkoposebisa da meudabnoe mamebis garda, krebas eswreboda
`yovelni mRvdelni da mrevlni anCisani~. krebas did Rirsebas matebda
`moqmedi netari deda febronia~ giorgi merCulis azriT, kreba iyo `wmida
mimsgavsebuli pirvelTa maT wmidaTasa~.
krebaze wmida mamebma episkoposebs warudgines braldeba cqiris mimarT.
kaTalikosis mier warmogzavnilma ierarqebma saqmis viTareba moismines, ris
Semdegac krebam ganaCeni gamoitana, ganaCeni maSinve iqna aRsrulebuli. giorgi
merCule wers _ `winaSe episkoposTa maT warmouTxres cqirsa samarTali,
usjuloebaБ misi, sarwmunoTa maT saswaulTa moqmedTa kacTa warmdebi mizezi
augTa misTaБ piris-pir~156.
ganaCeni da misi aRsruleba aseTi yofila: `maSin sarwmunoTa maT
mRvdelT-moZRvarTa gankveTes igi pativisagan misisasa da mamaman grigol da
dedaman febronia Semosili sakurTxeveliT STamoiyvanes da winaSe
sakurTxevelsa ganZarcves da yovelTa erTobiT ganxades kaTolike eklesiiT,
viTarca-Ra asoБ dampali mwvalebelTaebr yovliT-kerZove Sjulisa
gardamavali ganidevna igi~ .155
episkoposis gandevna moxda, rogorc Cans, rogorc kaTalikosis nebarTvis,
ise adgilobrivi xelmwifis Tanxmobis gareSe, amiT unda yofiliyo
gamowveuli is, rom cqiri kvlav daabrunes Tavis kaTedraze. cqiri, mematianis
TqmiT, `tfilis warvida sahak amirisa, patronisa Tvisisave da wyinebiTa
misiTa reca mieSua kurapalati da kualad mZlevarebiT daipyra anCis
saydari~156. kurapalati moridebia Tbilisis amiras ganawyenebas da anCis
kaTedra cqirisaTvis daubrunebia, rac ukaTalikosod ar moxdeboda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom xalxi, `eri anCisai~, samwyso, anCelis, e.i. cqiris gverdiT
damdgara. am dros, rogorc Cans, Tavi iCina eklesiis istoriaSi cnobilma
davam eklesiis meTaur-episkoposebsa da monastris berebs Soris. saeklesio
kanonebis mcodne v. cipinis azriT, saerTo, saeklesio kanonmdebloba
monastrebs Seexo V saukuneSi. qalkedonis krebis mamebma me-4 kanonSi
ganacxades: `zogi samonazvno saxiT Semosili Slis saeklesio da samoqalaqo
saqmeebs. TviTneburad dadis qalaqSi da mxolod amas ki ar Cadis, aramed
gabedulad iwyebs TavisTvis monastris Senebas. miviCnevT, aravin arasodes ar
unda aaSenos monasteri da samRvdlo saxli im qalaqis episkoposis Tanxmobis
gareSe, TiToeuli qalaqisa da soflis monazvnebi unda daemorCilon maT
episkoposs, Seiyvaron siCume, mxolod marxvasa da locvaSi unda iyvnen
gankrZalulebi da momTmenni imave adgilas, sadac maTi amqveyniuri
cxovrebidan gansvla Sedga Tavdapirvelad. nurc saeklesio da nurc
amqveyniur saqmeebSi nu Caerevian da nu miiReben monawileobas. nu dastoveben
Tavis monasters, garda iseTi SemTxvevisa, roca qalaqis episkoposi ubrZanebs
wasvlas raime saWiro saqmeze~157. v.cipinis azriT, qalkedoniti mamebis mizani
am kanonis miRebis dros iyo `daecvaT saeklesio mmarTveloba `mousvenari
berebis~ uweso Carevisagan~158. samonastro sazogadoebebi moyvanili kanonis
Tanaxmad, moeqcnen episkoposis daqvemdebarebaSi157.
rogorc qalkedonis krebis aRniSnuli (me-4) kanoni uCvenebs, episkoposis
nebarTvis gareSe ikrZaleboda monastris mSenebloba, maSasadame, unebarTvo
mSenebloba _ ukanono iyo, aqedan gamomdinare, gasagebi xdeba anCeli
episkoposis qmedeba, roca man `Sekriba eri anCisaБ da waravlina darRvevad
xanZTisa~159.
es Cveni eklesiis istoriisaTvis sruliad gaugebari qmedebaa dRevandeli
TvalTaxedviT, magram maSin anCel episkoposs qalkedonis me-4 kanonis
Sesabamisad, SeeZlo ukanonod mieCnia monastrebis daumorCilebloba da
unebarTvo samonastro mSeneblobebis momizezebiT gadaewyvita maTi dangreva.
rom ar hqonoda episkoposs Sesabamisi saeklesio sakanonmdeblo baza, cxadia,
igi ver gabedavda kurapalatTa winaaRmdeg wasvlas, maSin, roca isini xels
uwyobdnen da saxsrebs iRebdnen mSeneblobisaTvis, episkoposs ki misi
dangreva surda, magram sabednierod xanZTa uflis nebiT dangrevas gadarCa, _
cqiri uecrad gardaicvala.
giorgi merCule iqve ganmartavs, rom klarjeTis monastrebi sazogadod ki
ar eurCebodnen anCel episkoposebs, aramed aseTi iyo mxolod cqiri.
`romelman Cven, glaxakTa, SvilTa mamisa grigolisTa, yvedrebaБ mogvispo da
umecrebiT mayvedrebelsa sircxvili daumkvidra... bralTa misTa yvedrebaT,
romelsa eWudes, mouspen netarisa mamisa grigolisa madliTa, romeli
qveyanasa zeda cxovndeboda viTarca angelozi~160. maSasadame, wm. grigolis
gardacvalebis Semdegac eklesiaSi yofilan adamianebi, romelnic brals
debdnen da yvedrebas ambobdnen albaT wmida moRvawis grigolis mowafeTa e.i.
berebis mimarT, Cans zemomoyvanili msgavsi ambebis gamo160.
sazogadod, VII-X saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi eklesias hqonda
gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba. mecnier-specialistebis azriT, IX-X saukuneebSi
sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobda saeroze upiratesobis mopovebas, ufro
metic, eklesias surda qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdeba161. aseT qmedebas
ivane javaxiSvili uwodebs `cezaro-papizms~, magram, cezaro-papizmi maSinaa
msgavsi qmedeba, roca samefo xelisufleba (da ara saeklesio) Tavis xelSi
iRebs saeklesio mmarTvelobas (ase iyo zogjer bizantiasa da ruseTSi
zogierTi RvTismetyvelis azriT), saqarTveloSi ki am dros piriqiT iyo _
eklesia saero mmarTvelobis Tavis xelSi aRebas cdilobda ara imis gamo,
rom es mas surda, aramed imis gamo, rom qveynis centraluri mmarTveloba
moSlili iyo jer sparsTa, Semdeg bizantielTa da arabTa mier. amis gamo
saepiskoposoebi da saeklesio kerebi iqcnen qveyanaSi moSlili kanonierebis
damcvelebad anda kanonierebis mosarCleebad, miT umetes, rom xelisufleba
dauZlurebuli iyo, xolo eklesia ki, piriqiT, did Zalas warmoadgenda.
 amis kargi magaliTia motanili gansaxilvel epoqaSi Seqmnil serapion
zarzmelis cxovrebaSi. imJamindeli saqarTvelos erT-erT centralur
kuTxeSi _ samcxeSi moiSala samTavro xelisufleba, centraluri
xelisuflebis arseboba nawarmoebSi ki saerTod ar Cans. qveyanaSi daiwyo
didi `SfoTi da uwesoeba~, urTierTkvla da ojaxebis ganadgureba. sabolood,
saqveyno Zalaufleba Tavis xelSi aiRo mawyverelma episkoposma giorgim,
romelmac qveyanaSi wesrigi daamyara Svid weliwadSi, meSfoTe mTavrebis
qoneba ki eklesias gadasca. kerZod, beSqen bahlaundis Zes, did mTavar mirians
colad hyavda aseve didi mTavris giorgi CorCanelis dai latavri (Tekla),
romelTanac gauCnda Svilebi sula, beSqen da laklaki. agreTve hyoliaT
qaliSvilic. mTavari giorgi uSvilod gardaicvala, Tavisi qoneba das
dautova. roca Svilebi wamoizardnen, siZemac moiTxova wili qonebidan _
`nawil uc mamulsa Tana Tqvensa dasa amas Tqvensa, vinaidgan Tqvenca dedisa
mier gaqvs~, e.i. Tavis colisZmebs mosTxova, rom miecaT disTvis nawili
qonebidan. imJamindeli wesiT, Cans, qonebis memkvidre Aara mxolod vaJebi
iyvnen, amitom siZem ganacxada, rom ojaxSi qoneba dedis (qalis) mxridan iyo
Sesuli, maSasadame, qalsac (das) ekuTvnis wilio. am davis gamo laklakma
mokla Tavisi siZe. amis Semdeg sami wlis manZilze ojaxebs Soris didi
SuRli Camovarda. sabolood, awyuris saepiskoposo kaTedraze avida giorgi
Suartyleli, romelmac `xelT idva ra gangeba samcxisa, daawynara yoveli
sabrZanebeli Tvisi, viTarca wes iyo da daipyra yoveli mamuli da eklesiani
pirvelTa maT meSfoTeTani~162.
imis Semdeg, rac episkoposma xelSi aiRo `gangeba samcxisa~ da `daipyra
mamuli da eklesiani~ meSfoTeebisa, Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi samcxis
qveyanaSi `dascxres da dadumnes yovelive SfoTiani da uwesobani wmidisa amis
mRvdelT moZRvarisa giorgis mier~1. mwerali giorgi mawyverelis mier saero
Zalauflebis Tavis xelSi aRebas `did saqmes~ uwodebs, radganac man
`daawynara yoveli sabrZanebeli viTarca wes iyo~. episkopos giorgi
mawyverelis amgvari qmedeba gamonaklisi ki ar yofila, aramed saqarTvelos,
kerZod, mesxeTis imJamindeli wesi. aseTi ram xdeboda dasavleT evropis
eklesiaSic, roca romis saimperatoro xelisufleba moiSala, saepiskoposoebi
iqcnen qveyanaSi kanonierebis centrebad, da radganac eklesias didi Zala
hqonda, episkoposTa nawili saero mmarTvelad, kanonmdeblad gadaiqca,
swored ganxilul dros VII-IX saukuneebSi. CvenSi saero-samefo xelisufleba
da, maSasadame, saxelmwifoebriobis umTavresi elementi moispo jer
sparselTa mier VI saukuneSi, roca maT mefoba droebiT gaauqmes, Semdeg ki
arabebis Semosevebisas. amis gamo provinciebSi Zalaufleba xelSi aiRes
adgilobrivma mTavrebma, magram isini ZiriTadad urTierTqiSpis, umetesad ki
mtrebTan brZolis gamo ver gaZlierdnen. amis nebas arc iZleoda
dampyrobeli. mtrisagan Tavisufal saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi TandaTan
gamoikveTnen samTavro xelisufalni, male isini qveynis mmarTvel mefeebad
iqcnen. Camoyalibda tao-klarjeTis, afxazTa da her-kaxTa kuTxuri samefoebi.
tao-klarjeTSi (da saerTod saqarTveloSi) am epoqaSi eklesiis da samTavro
xelisuflebis urTierTobisa Tu urTierTdapirispirebis Sesaxeb wers m.
lorTqifaniZe _ `rogorc cnobilia, samTavroSi sasuliero xelisufleba
didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs da did Zalas warmoadgens qveynis cxovrebaSi.
sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec upiratesobis mopovebas saeroze,
yovel SemTxvevaSi, saero xelisuflebisagan damoukideblobis miswrafebas
sasuliero xelisufleba aSkarad avlens... eklesia did Zalad iqceva, is,
saerTod, qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdebas lamobs. Widili saeklesio da
saero-samoqalaqo xelisuflebas Soris, sabolood ukanasknelis gamarjvebiT
mTavrdeba~163.
rogorc Cans, tao-klarjeTSi, kaxeTsa da hereTSic qarTuli eklesiis
xelSi did Zalauflebas unda moeyara Tavi. kaxeTis `qorepiskoposobis~
instituti eklesiisagan unda iyos aRmocenebuli. rogorc cnobilia, kaxeTSi
qorepiskoposebi SemdgomSi saero mTavrebad gadaiqcnen. amis damamtkicebel
erT-erT magaliTad migvaCnia aRniSnul epoqaSi, kerZod, IX s-is SuaxanebSi
gardabnis sakmaod did mxareSi `xucis~ Svilis gamTavreba. buRa Turqma sahak
Tbilisis amiras mokvlis Semdeg `Seipyra xucisa visime Ze, romeli mTavar iyo
gardabans da Semusra gardabani~164.
rogorc iTqva, eklesiis xelSi saero xelisuflebis elementebi eqceoda
usaxelmwifoebriobis dros, roca ar arsebobda saxelmwifo xelisufleba. ase
iTqmis gansakuTrebiT im provinciebis Sesaxeb, sadac ver wvdeboda
dampyrobelTa Zalaufleba, adgilobrivi saero xelisufleba jer
gamokveTili ar iyo, xolo erovnuli, centralizebuli saxelmwifo ki ukve
aRar arsebobda.
ase iyo tao-klarjeTSic. marTalia, aq gamoikveTa saero xelisufleba,
romelic akurTxa eklesiam wmida grigol xanZTelis piriT, magram eklesiis
avtoriteti, gansakuTrebiT ki monastrebisa, Zalze didi iyo, amitomac cqiris
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kurapalati did angariSs uwevs maT, meore mxriv,
eklesiis centraluri mmarTveloba kaTalikosis saxiT aSkarad miiCnevs
saWirod Tbilisis amirasaTvis angariSis gawevas saerTo saeklesio saqmis
sasargeblod, am pozicias eTanxmeba kurapalatic. amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna,
anCis saeklesio krebis ganCineba gadaisinja da cqiri kvlav daabrunes
saepiskoposo kaTedraze, es unda momxdariyo cxadia, sahak amiras
sicocxleSive, e.i. 853 wlamde.

6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba

(IX s-is 60-iani wlebi)

IX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi `xelmwifed~ wodebulma mamfalma guaram didma

`brZana Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoTa mamaTa da yovelni Semokrbes
javaxeTs~165.
am epoqaSi `qarTuli eklesiisa da samwysos gasaocar zrdas
mWevrmetyvelurad mowmobs axaldaarsebuli `samRvdel-moZRvroni~, magaliTad,
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, bagrat kurapalatma (826-876) aRadgina iSxanSi
saepiskoposo da pirvelad `iqmna saba episkopos iSxansa zeda~, erisTavT
erisTavma aSot kuxma (+918 w.) `aRaSena tbeTi SavSeTs da dasva pirvelad
episkoposad sanatreli stefane~, adarnase (887-923) daviT kurapalatis Zem
`aRaSena bana, xeliTa kvirike banelisaTa, romeli iqmna pirvel episkopoz
banel~, giorgi afxazTa mefem (921-955) `aRaSena saydari Wyondidisa, Seqmna
saepiskopozod da ganamSvena simravliTa wmidiTa martvilTaTa~. qarTvelebis
imdroindeli sisxlsavse sulieri da sazogadoebrivi cxovreba, xolo
qarTuli eklesiis didi uflebebi da upiratesobani kargadaa asaxuli giorgi
merCules ukvdav qmnilebaSi `cxovrebaБ grigol xanZTelisaБ~. masSi `qarTuli
eklesia warmogvidgeba, rogorc didi xnis winaT Camoyalibebuli saeklesio
organizacia, romelsac gaaCnia damoukidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli yvela atributi~166.
qarTuli eklesia medgrad aRudga win arabTa Semosevebs. arabTa
laSqrobebi iyo ara mxolod dapyrobiTi, aramed mcdeloba mahmadianobis
gavrcelebisa.
saqarTveloSi arabTa laSqrobaTa Sedegad kidev ufro dasustda erT
dros saxelovani qarTuli samefo dinastia xosroianebisa, vaxtang
gorgasalis STamomavlebisa: `xolo amieriTgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman
didTa xuasroanTaman... ukeTu vinme gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisaTa,
romelimc Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis Semcirebul sarkinozTagan~167. arabebma
daipyres Tbilisi da saamiros centrad aqcies. gamahmadianda `mravali eri~168.
Zveli samefo dinastiis TandaTanobiTi gaqrobis kvaldakval qarTulma
eklesiam iRvawa axlis mosaZieblad da warmosaCenad. yuradRebis centrSi
moeqca bagrationTa saxli, romelsac Cveni mematianeebi da grigol xanZTeli
(maSasadame, eklesia) _ `daviT winaswarmetyvelis STamomavlebs (naTesavebs)~
uwodebdnen. daviT winaswarmetyveli ki `xorcielad mamad RmrTisad iwoda~99.
bizantiam xeli Seuwyo arabTagan devnil bagrationTa saxlis aRzevebas imiT,
rom bizantiis gavlenis sferoSi moqceul samxreT saqarTveloSi cno maTi
mmarTveloba da saxlis yvelaze ufro gamoCenil pirebs sakariskaco tituls
- kurapalatis wodebas aniWebda. meore mxriv, bagrationebis samefo saxlma
Zveli - `xosroianTa~ samefo dinastiisagan miiRo qveynis mmarTvelobis
legitimuri ufleba `mefis~ wodebisa. legitimurobis ufleba aseTi gziT
ganxorcielebula: adarnase bagrationis qaliSvili latavri SeirTo
xosroian-gorgaslovan mefeTa STamomavalma juanSer arCilis Zem. bizantiisa
da imdroindel bizantiur samyaroSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, qalsa (rZalsa)
da mis naTesavebsac mamakacTa darad gadaecemodaT saxlis ufleba. bizantiis
istoriidan cnobilia mravali magaliTi, roca romelime imperatoris
gardacvalebis Semdeg imperatoris wodebas iRebda Zveli imperatoris
meuRlis Zma an naTesavi. legitimurobis gadacemis ufleba qalis gziT
saqarTveloSic rom yofila gavrcelebuli, es kargad Cans `abo Tbilelis
wamebidan~: gandevnili nerse erisTavis magier qarTlis erisTavad arabebma
daayenes stefanoz gurgenis Ze. nerses `erisTavobis~ wodeba miaCnda Tavisi
`saxlis uflebad~, magram stefanoz gurgenis ZisaTvis erisTavis pativis
miniWeba ar miiCnia Tavisi `saxlis uflebis~ Seuracxyofad, gaexarda kidec,
radganac stefanozi misi diswuli iyo, diswulisaTvis `erisTavobis~ pativis
miniWeba nersem Tavisi `saxlis uflebis~ dacvad miiCnia: `rameTu uflebai igi
saxlisa misisagan ara ganaSora RmerTman~. arabebma `stefanoz, diswuli
nersesi nacvlad dedis Zmisa Tvisisa nerseisa erisTavad qveyanasa amas
qarTlad~ warmoagzavnes. aqedan Cans, rom saxlis legitimuri ufleba
`erisTavobisa~ Tu `mefobisa~ gadaecemoda qalis naTesavebsac.
am zemoaRniSnuli uflebis gamo Zvel saqarTveloSi miCneuli iyo, rom
`xosroian-gorgaslianTa~ saxlis ufleba `qarTvelTa mefed~ wodebisa
bagrationebis saxlSi Sevida latavris gziT. rogorc aRiniSna, adarnase
bagrationis qaliSvili SeirTo arCil mefis vaJma juanSerma. amis Semdeg ukve
adarnase bagrationis yovel STamomavals ufleba hqonda pretendenti
yofiliyo `qarTlis~ an `qarTvelTa~ mefed wodebisa gorgaslovan mefeTa
darad. ase miiRo latavris Zmam aSot kurapalatma mefed wodebis ufleba.

amitomac uwodebs `matiane qarTlisais~ avtori aSot kurapalats `mefes~:

`Semdgomad sikvdilisa adarnasesisa ganadida ufalman mefoba aSot
kurapalatisa~169.
aSot kurapalati mowameobrivad aResrula. mtrebma igi mokles `eklesiasa
Sina da sisxli misi, romeli maSin daiTxia, awca ixilvis viTaca axali~, igi
mouklavT 829 wlis 29 ianvars.
rogorc iTqva, aSot kurapalatis umcrosma vaJma guaram mamfalma moiwvia
javaxeTis saeklesio kreba. guaram `didi~, `xelmwife~, rogorc mas uwodebs
matiane, qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTi udidesi aRmaSenebeli da misi erTguli
moRvawe iyo. man `meored aRaSena~ opizas cnobili monasteri klarjeTSi,
bolos monazvnad aRikveca da opizaSi daikrZala.
am dros qarTuli eklesiis sasuliero birTvi, sakaTalikoso kari,
rogorc Cans, arabTa Semosevebis mizeziT Sida qarTlSi Seqmnili mZime
viTarebis gamo samxreT saqarTveloSi iyo gadanacvlebuli _ samcxesa,
klarjeTsa Tu taoSi, mcxeTeli kaTalikosis Rirsebis dacvisaTvis yoveli
RoniT zrunavdnen iqauri mTavrebi. Cans, am mizezis gamo SeZlo samcxis
mTavarma mirianma kaTalikos ilarion I-is (daaxl. 850-860) gardacvalebis
Semdeg, samcxeli didebulebis mxardaWeriT, sakaTalikoso taxtze aeyvana
Tavisi Ze arsen I (daaxl. 860-887). am droisaTvis samxreT saqarTvelos erT-
erTi didi `xelmwife~ guaram mamfali `gulZvirad~ yofila ganwyobili
samcxeli mTavris mirianis mimarT. mis mier sakaTalikoso taxtze arsenis
ayvana `mZlavrobad~ gamoucxadebia da ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva,
raTa axali kaTalikosi saeklesio wesebis dacviT saeklesio krebas aerCia.
guaram mamfalis xelmwifebis qveS am dros imyofeboda javaxeTi, TrialeTi,
taSiri, aboci da artani. am dros sarkinozebTan (arabebTan) medgrad ibrZoda
guarami `hbrZoda sarkinozTa, zogjer sZlis guaram da zogjer
sarkinozTa ,170 qarTli, kerZod ki Sida qarTli, brZolis areals
warmoadgenda. mis dasaufleblad qarTvelebi da arab-somxebi erTmaneTs
ebrZodnen. arabebi da somxebi am droisaTvis gaerTianebuli ZaliT
axerxebdnen Sida qarTlis mniSvnelovan cixeTa daWerasac ki. es qarTvel
(kerZod, ki afxaz da tao-klarjel) xelisufalTaTvis mouTmeneli iyo. guaram
mamfalma, rogorc iTqva, Tavisi mklavis ZaliT SeZlo javaxeTisa da
mimdebare mxareebis daWera. javaxeTSive mowveul krebas unda ganexila arsen
pirvelis kaTalikosad wodebis kanonikurobis sakiTxi.
giorgi merCule ase aRwers krebis wina viTarebas: `didi arseni qarTlisa
kaTalikoz iqmna... aramed qarTlisa episkoposni mirean arsenis mamisaTvis
friad gulwyebul iyvnes amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu Tvinier ganzraxvisa
maTisa mZlavr samcxisa eriTa Ze Tvisi daadgina kaTalikosad TanadgomiTa da
kurTxeviTa mcirediTa episkoposTaБTa~171.
maSasadame, guaram mamfalze ufro metad iyvnen `qarTlis episkopozni~
gulgamwyralni da nawyeni, radganac samcxis mTavarma daarRvia maTi
wmidaTawmida ufleba _ aerCiaT Tavisi kaTalikosi. romelime eklesiis
avtokefaliis arsi, cnobili kanonistebis ganmartebiT, swored imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom am eklesiis episkoposebs SeuZliaT airCion TavianTi
eklesiis meTauri. Tu eklesiis meTaurs ar irCeven am eklesiis episkoposebi,
aramed niSnavs sxva, ucxo eklesiis meTauri, maSin aRniSnuli eklesia
avtokefaluri ar aris. meore mxriv, eklesiis TavisTavadobas maSinac ecleba
safuZveli da meryevi xdeba, rodesac eklesiis meTaurs niSnavs romelime
saero xelisufali episkoposTa umravlesobis nebis gauTvaliswineblad. ase
rom, samcxis mTavarma mirianma ara mxolod saeklesio kanonebi daarRvia,
roca episkoposTa umravlesobis ufleba SebRala, aramed qarTuli eklesiis
TavisTavadobasac garkveulwilad ziani miayena. aseTi mdgomareoba, cxadia,
miuRebeli iyo qarTuli eklesiis iseTi udidesi mfarvelisaTvis, rogoric
iyo im droisaTvis guaram mamfali, miT umetes, rom mis samflobeloSi,
rogorc Cans, gadmosuli iyo droebiT, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso kari. guaram
mamfali valdebuli iyo gaeTvalisiwnebina qarTlis episkoposTa
umravlesobis survili da daekmayofilebina maTi `friadi gulwyebuleba~. am
saqmis movla da garkveva SeeZlo saeklesio krebas.
krebis mowvevis Semdeg, guaramis brZanebis Sesabamisad, javaxeTSi movidnen
episkoposebi da `udabnoTa mamebi~, e.i. monasterTa winamZRvar-moZRvrebi.
daigviana mxolod `udabnoTa varskvlavma~, arqimandritma grigol xanZTelma
da zogierTma sxva `udabnos~ winamZRvarma mamam. arqimandrit netar grigols
`wadierad moelodnen yovelni~. grigol xanZTels udidesi avtoriteti hqonda
eklesiaSi, imdenad, rom saeklesio krebamac ki misi monawileobis gareSe ar
ineba muSaobis dawyeba. amasTanave, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom Zvel epoqaSi,
ruis-urbnisis krebamde, eklesiaSi sazogadod didi iyo wona moZRvrebisa,
monasterTa winamZRvrebze Tu arafers vityviT. imdenad didi iyo moZRvarTa,
e.i. episkoposobis pativis armqone samRvdeloTa wona, rom episkoposebi maTgan
garkveulwilad SezRudulebic ki iyvnen `wesisa da rjulis maswavleblobis~
sferoSi, amitomac rus-urbnisis krebam sagangebo muxli miuZRvna `moZRvarTa~
SezRudvisa da maTi raodenobis Semcireba-regulirebis sakiTxs, rac
ganxilulia qvemoT. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli eklesiis es Tviseba amJamadac
SemorCenilia somxur eklesiaSi, sadac moZRvars `arqimandrit-varTapets~
udidesi avtoriteti aqvs da misi avtoriteti `rjulis maswavleblobis~
sferoSi ar Camouvardeba episkoposisas.
krebaze arqimandrit grigol xanZTelis mosvlas Tan daerTo udidesi
saswaulebrivi niSani. am TvaliT xilulma saswaulma gansazRvra krebis
msvleloba da ASearbila episkoposTa `friadi gulwyebuleba~ maTi nebarTvis
gareSe sakaTalikoso taxtze aRzevebuli arsenis mimarT.
es saswauli iyo Semdegi saxisa: `ixiles wmidai igi (grigoli) momavali
karauliTa Soris krebulsa mas mamaTasa sakvirvelad xilviTa, rameTu
samoseli igi Seuracxi, romel emosa moxucebulsa mas, esreT Canda, viTarca
samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa ganucdelisa. xolo Tavsa missa kukuli
ixilveboda, viTarca gvirgvini sameufo patiosanTa TvalTa da margalitTagan
fasdaudebelTa aRmkuli~172. maSasadame, grigolze moweuli saswauli msgavsi
iyo feriscvalebisa, uflis saswaulebrivi saxecvlisa, roca misi tanisamosi
ganspetakda, xolo saxe gabrwyinda, viTarca mze. aRsaniSnavia, rom grigolis
mowafeebzec aseTi didebis naTlis sveti ixilveboda.
 jer kidev krebis dawyebamde eruSnelma episkoposma ganacxada `odes
movides varskvlavi igi udabnoTa, maSin ganemarTos saqme da ganzraxva
yovelTa~, radganac grigolis mosvlamdec saubrobdnen `wesis winamZRvarni~
arsenis kaTalikosobis irgvliv, magram veraferi gadawyvites. rogorc iTqva,
grigols `wadierad moelodes yovelni~, axla ki grigolis saswaulebrivma
mobrZanebam misi yoveli sityva da neba episkoposTaTvis ueWvel
aRsasrulebel saqmed aqcia. guaram mamfali, romlisaTvisac, rogorc
xelmwifisaTvis, yvelaze maRla idga wesierebisa da kanonierebis dacva, miT
umetes, saeklesio sferoSi, ucnobi yofila episkoposTa es bolo
gadawyvetileba.
saeklesio kreba daiwyo. igi gaxsna guaram mamfalma Tavisi Sesavali
sityviT: `wmidano mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT yovelTa kanoni
Sjulisa, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikozisa mZlavrobiT
dajdomasa~173, amis Semdgom guaramma sityva gaagrZela momxdari ukanonobis
irgvliv: `amas sityvasa Sina augisa sityvani ganamravlna~173. sityvis
damTavrebis Semdeg guarami eloda episkoposTa sityvebs `eloda pasuxsa
maTgan~173, magram guarami gaocda, roca mis mZafr sityvas episkoposebma
sruli dumiliT upasuxes. Semdeg siCumiT Sewuxebulma episkoposebma uTxres
efrem mawyverel episkoposs: `brZane pasuxi, rai jer ars~173. swored efremi
warmoadgenda axal sakaTalikoso kandidats arsenis sanacvlod, mas uWerda
mxars guaram mamfali. iqamde mas episkoposebic uWerdnen mxars da efremic
ganwyobili iyi taxtis saZieblad, surda sakaTalikoso taxtze asvla arsenis
nacvlad, magram grigolTan misma Sexvedram yvelaferi Secvala. grigolma
krebis win sagangebod sasaubrod farulad gaixmo Tavisi mowafe efremi da
uTxra: `Svilo, pativsa magas wmidisa mRvdelT-mTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli
sulierad Zmasa Sensa arsenis~174. saqme is iyo, rom grigol xanZTeli mtkiced
uWerda mxars arsens da surda misi datoveba sakaTalikoso taxtze. am
survilis Setyobis Semdeg efremma grigols upasuxa: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis
ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa ciloba samarTalisaTvis da mec Semindev, rameTu ara
var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari, da arca igi Cemi mwyemsi~. efremis am
sityvebma moZRvari Zalzed gaanawyena, amis gamo `wmidaman man mksinvared hrqua:
`ukueTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvar myav, viTa ara Seni moZRvari var~.
efremisaTvis, romelic siyrmidanve aRzrdili iyo grigolis mier, moZRvris
gancxadeba, rom igi mis sulier mamobas miatovebda, sikvdilze ufro
Tavzardamcemi cnoba iyo. efremi atirda. `netari efrem sityvasa mas zeda
sulierisa mamisa da moZRvrisa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebai ese,
ganmkveTel ufrois maxvilisa, aw nebai Seni iyavn, nu nebai Cemi wmidao
RmrTisao~175.
maSasadame, jer kidev krebis dawyebamde efremma moxsna Tavisi
kandidatura, uari ganacxada sakaTalikoso taxtze, rogorc Cans, es cnobili
iyo episkoposTaTvis, magram ucnobi guaramisaTvis, amitom krebis dawyebis
Semdeg, roca guaramma episkoposebs TavianTi azris gamoTqma mosTxova,
rogorc iTqva, maT pasuxis gacema daavales efrems. efremma ki sityva gadasca
grigols. `sada mamai grigol iyos, me mun ara vikadreb sityuad~. guarammac
grigols sTxova Tavisi azris gamoTqma. grigolma brZana: `arseni kaTalikozi
nebiTa RmrTisaiTa kaTalikoz ars da Zviris metyvelTa misTa, romelTa ara
Seinanon, kdemul iyvnes da sruliad hrcxvenes amas sawuTosa da mas
saukunesa~. grigolis sityvam ganarisxa guaram mamfali, Seepasuxa grigols,
Semdeg ki episkoposebs mimarTa: `Tqvengan jer ars gansagebeli Tqveni gangebad
aw TqviT, maT hrques: RvTis msaxuro guaram, qristesmierman saswaulman utyvi
qmna enai Cueni, rameTu vixileT dRes grigolis zeda miuwvdomeli didebai~176
da mouTxres guarams imdRevandeli saswaulis Sesaxeb. mematiane wers, rom
guarami iyo mdabali da RvTis moSiSi, iZlia simdableman da Sendoba sTxova
mama grigols. xolo sabolood episkoposebma daaskvnes: `jer me iyo mxilebai
ese arsenisaTvis, aramed aw amieriTgan arseni iyavn kaTalikos qarTlisa
yovlisa da sulierad mama yovelTa da yovelTa Soris. iWvica pirveli dam-
mca-xsnil ars srulad~, rasac guaram mamfali da yoveli damswre daeTanxma.
amiT kreba dasrulda.
ismis kiTxva, ratom cdilobda grigol xanZTeli saeklesio wesis aSkara
darRveviT sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvanili arsenis dacvas? grigolma ase
ganumarta Tavisi moqmedeba efrems: `... RmerTsa ebrZana kaTalikosobaБ
arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis~177. e.i. arseni ufro `sruli~, e.i. Rirseuli
iyo (efremTan SedarebiT), misi kaTalikozobac RvTis neba yofila, albaT,
raime gamocxadebuli niSniT. magram arsenis mamas, mirian mTavars uCqaria da
Svili `uJamo SeswrafebiT~ (e.i. aradrouli aCqarebiT) auyvania
gaTavisuflebul sakaTalikoso taxtze, amiT mas arsenis saxeli `augian
uyvia~ (e.i. SeubRalavs). yovelive am qmedebas ki mohyolia qarTlis
episkoposTa guliswyroma. maT gadauwyvetiaT krebis mowveva. grigoli ki
cdilobda `RvTis simarTle~ ganecxadebina arsenis mimarT, igi frTxilobda,
rom guliswyromiT Sekrebil episkoposebs gauWirdebodaT `RvTis simarTlis~
gamoZieba, amitomac uTxra efrems: `guliswyromaman kacisaman simarTle RvTisa
ara qmnis~, sabolood, rogorc iTqva, krebam arsenis kaTalikosoba daamtkica.
rogorc efrem mawyvereli, ise arsen didi, cnobili saeklesio moRvaweebi
arian. efrems hqonda diplomatiuri da administraciuli niWi, arseni ki
qarTuli eklesiis ideologi yofila. efremma Tavisi diplomatiur-
administraciuli niWis wyalobiT SeZlo, rom axlad Seqmnili afxazeTis
sakaTaliko-sosaTvis mironis kurTxevis ufleba adgilzeve _ qarTlSi
moepovebina. saqme is iyo, rom VII saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, herakle keisaris
Semosevis Semdeg bizantiis am imperatorma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra
dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira provinciebi, vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapnis
xazamde. am qarTul miwa-wyalze amis Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
ganaxorciela saeklesio iurisdiqcia, maSasadame, igi qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciidan gamovida. kerZod, fasisisa, rodopolisisa da sxva
saepiskoposoebi dauqvemdebares konstantinopolis lazikis eparqias. cxadia,
dasavleT saqarTvelos am zRvispira mxareSi ukve mironi konstantinopolidan
SemohqondaT. VIII saukuneSi konstantinopolSi amtydari xatmebrZoluri
eresis gamo dasavleT saqarTvelos aRniSnulma saepiskoposoebma kavSiri
gawyvites konstantinopolis mwvaleblur sapatriarqosTan da, Cans,
konstantinopolis nacvlad, mirons antioqiidan anda ierusalimidan iRebdnen.
efrem mawyverels mouxerxebia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos mironi mieRo
qarTlidan, kerZod ki mcxeTidan. es mas mouxerxebia molaparakebaTa gziT.
`aramed didi efrem mravlisa keTilisa momatyuebel eqmna queyanasa Cuensa,
rameTu pirvelad aRmosavalisa kaTalikosTa, mihroni ierusalimiT mohyvanda
xolo efrem qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronisa kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa
ierusalimis patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa. aramed
qarTlad friadi queyanaБ aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami
Seiwirvis da locvaБ yoveli aResrulebis~1.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, giorgi merCulis xelidan gamosul xelnawer
dedanSi sityva `aRmosavalisa~ qveS igulisxmeba `afxazeTisa~, es sityva
albaT daqaragmebuli iyo ase: `a-sa~, rac konteqstis Sesabamisad xelnaweris
gadamwers unda gaexsna, rogorc `afxazeTisa~. azrs, imis Sesaxeb, rom
xelnawerSi mocemuli sityva qaragmiT iyo dawerili, gvimtkicebs isic, rom
imave winadadebaSi kidev sami sityva aris qaragmiT dawerili. es sityvebia
`ierusalimiT~ (sityva daqaragmebulia amJamindel xelnawerSic),
`qristesmieriTa~ (es sityvac daqaragmebulia amJamadac) da `ierusalimisa~
(aseve daqaragmebulia). ese igi, amJamadac aRniSnul winadadebaSi sami qaragmaa
_ `i-emiT~, `q-esmieriTa~, `i-emisa~178. vfiqrobT, am winadadebaSi meoTxe sityvac
(Tu ufro meti ara) Tavdapirvelad qaragmiT iyo gadmocemuli: `a-sa~. es
qaragma gadamwers gauxsnia ase: `aRmosavalisa~, teqstis mixedviT ki albaT
unda yofiliyo: `afxazeTisa~, maSin rTuli winadadeba azrobrivad gaimarTeba
da aseT saxes miiRebs: adre afxazeTis kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimiT
mohyvanda, xolo efremis mecadineobiT maTTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva
qarTls ganewesa, rameTu afxazeTic qarTlia, radganac iq locvis ena
qarTulia da Jamiswirvac qarTul enaze Seiwireba.
ra ufleba hqonda mawyverel episkoposs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mimarT,
ratom zrunavda misTvis? marTalia arapirdapiri, magram mainc pasuxi
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT CanarTSia mocemuli _ xelmwifem im qveynisa, sadac
moRvaweobda efrem mawyvereli (tao-klarjeTi), iuridiulad gaaforma
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos (e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos did nawilis eklesiis)
dabruneba qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi bizantielTa dasustebis Semdeg _ `xolo
aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs qristes aqeT y-l~ (830
wels179. bagrat kurapalati, romelsac `gauCenia da ganuwesebia~ kaTalikosi
afxazeTisa, iyo guaram mamfalis Zma. misi ufrosoba bagrationebis samefo
saxlSi cno misma orive Zmam adarnasem da guaramma. qarTvelTa xelmwifes
ufleba hqonda afxazeTis sakaTalikosoze, msgavsadve saqarTvelos udides
saeklesio xelisufals efrem mawyverelsac SeeZlo ezruna, raTa afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos mironi mieRo ara ierusalimSi, aramed Seemzadebina adgilzeve,
e.i. `qarTlSi~ (qarTuli liturgikis mqone qveyanaSi), albaT mcxeTidan
miRebis ufleba igulisxmeba, mcxeTaSi, e.i. qarTlidan. cnobilia efremis
moZRvris grigol xanZTelis Rvawlic afxazeTis eklesiis mimarT.
grigoli didad afasebda efremis niWs, magram im droisaTvis qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis ufro saWirod CauTvlia arsenis kaTalikosoba. rogorc
aRiniSna, arseni iyo Tavis drois udidesi ideologi, ubadlo mcodne
somxeTis eklesiis istoriisa. arsenma samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvel
qristianebs miawoda im droisaTvis uaRresad saWiro ideologiuri naSromi
`ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~. es naSromi mas dauweria VII saukunis
somxuri Txzulebis gamoyenebiT. ratom esaWiroeboda samxreT saqarTvelos es
naSromi? swored arsenisa da misi moZRvris, grigolis moRvaweobis Jams VIII-
IX saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia Tavis wiaRSi ibrunebda misgan iZulebiT
mowyvetil taos qarTvelobas. saqme isaa, rom VI - VII saukuneebSi sparsTa da
bizantielTagan gaZlierebulma somxurma eklesiam SeZlo deda eklesiis
wiaRidan moewyvita samxreT saqarTvelos erTi didi nawilis samwyso da masze
ganexorcielebina Tavisi iurisdiqcia. V saukuneSi tao-klarjeTi qarTuli
eklesiis wiaRSi Sedioda, es iqidan Cans, rom vaxtang gorgasalma aq daaarsa
monastrebi: opizisa, merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa. zogierTi mkvlevaris
azriT, samonastro cxovreba daiwyo VI saukuneSi da amitomac TiTqosda
vaxtangi V saukuneSi monastrebs ar aaSenebda. maTi mosazreba ar eyrdnoba
raime wyaros da varaudzea dafuZnebuli, `vaxtang gorgasalis cxovreba~
Zveli wyaroa, romlis Sesabamisi cnobis uaryofisaTvis safuZveli ar
arsebobs. am wyaros Tanaxmad, vaxtang mefem `saberZneTSi~, e.i. palestina-
ierusalimsa da wmida miwaze (aseve mcire aziaSi), naxa monastrebi da am
monasterTa darad gadawyvita wamoewyo saqarTveloSic samonastro cxovreba.
gana V saukuneSi petre iberi da ioane lazi qarTuli samonastro cxovrebis
erT-erTi damaarsebelTaganni ar iyvnen wmida miwaze? ratom ar unda
yofiliyo CvenSi V saukuneSi monastrebi? rogorc wyaro brZanebs: qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi V saukuneSive iyvnen tao-klarjeTSi. bizantiidan
saqarTveloSi Semosvlis Jams vaxtang gorgasalma artavaz erisTavs ubrZana
aego artanujis cixe da `ubrZana, raTa gamonaxos xevsa mas Sina adgili
samonastre da aRaSenos eklesia da qmnes monastrad, viTarca exilvnes
monasterni saberZneTisani... artavaz aRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri,
romel ars opiza da samni eklesiani: daba merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa da
ganaaxla cixe axizisa da qmna igi quabad~180. es moxda daaxloebiT V saukunis
50-ian wlebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom cixe Tuxarisisa mdebareobda ara klarjeTSi, aramed
taoSi. VI da VII saukuneebSi, cnobili politikuri mizezebis gamo, tao da
nawilobriv klarjeTi somxurma eklesiam Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS moaqcia.
maSasadame, tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba, romelic uZvelesi droidanve
eTnikurad qarTuli iyo, gadaiqca samwysod somxuri eklesiisa. saqarTvelos
am uZveles mxareSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia
(somxur eklesiaSi VIII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde ori frTa ebrZoda erTmaneTs,
monofizituri da qalkedonituri. qalkedonituri somxuri eklesia
emezobleboda bizantia - samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos). tao-klarjeTSi
somxuri eklesia ise gaZlierda, rom aq somxuri eklesiis erT-erTi
sakaTalikoso centric ki Seiqmna iSxanSi, VII saukuneSi. mesxeTis mkvidri
qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis `frTeTa qveS~ yofnisas daadga aSkara
denacionalizaciis gzas. eklesiebSi maTTan dainerga somxurenovani
msaxureba, somxuri wera-kiTxva da laparaki maTTvis ucxo aRar iyo. swored
aseT dros, VIII-IX saukuneebSi ufalma RmerTma imdenad gaaZliera sruliad
qarTuli eklesia, rom grigol xanZTelisa da misi mowafeebis RvawliT
TandaTanobiT tao-klarjeTi deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrunda. aseT dros
saWiro iyo, marTalia, arabTa Semosevebisa da qolerisagan Semcirebuli,
magram mainc mkvidrad mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis darwmuneba imaSi, rom
somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofna maT sulebs ki ar acxonebda, aramed
warwymedda, radganac somxuri eklesia mwvaleblobis buded iyo gadaqceuli,
xolo qarTuli eklesia mudam iyo wevri erTiani, mTliani, sayovelTao
msoflio eklesiisa da amdenad warmoadgenda marad marTlmadideblursa da
mociqulebrivi mociqulebrivi swavlis erTgul damcvels.
 arsen didi Tavis TxzulebaSi (igulisxmeba wigni: arsen safareli
`ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~) dawvrilebiT mimoixilavs somxuri
eklesiis istorias VII saukunis wyaroze dayrdnobiT, am Txzulebis
mkiTxvelisaTvis misi sandooba ueWveli iyo. igi udides gavlenas moaxdenda
mrevlze. swored es ideologiur-sarwmunoebrivi naSromi esaWiroeboda
imJamad qarTul eklesias. Cans, es iyo erTi mizezi imisa, rom grigol
xanZTelma swored arseni miiCnia yvelaze Rirseul sakaTalikoso kandidatad
da misi sakaTalikoso taxtze damkvidrebisaTvis arc episkoposTa krebasa da
arc didi xelmwifis avtoritets moerida.
saqarTveloSi ruseTis batonobisas da qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
gauqmebisas marad ismoda kiTxva - iyo Tu ara qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri
da, saerTod, rodis moipova man avtokefalia. qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis damtkicebisas iyenebdnen `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan~
javaxeTis saeklesio krebis aRweras, romlidanac marTlac aSkarad Cans, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs TviTon irCevda adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba
ucxo qveynis, anda eklesiis mxridan yovelgvari Zaldatanebis, anda nebis
gareSe da igi ueWvelad avtokefaluri iyo.

7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1046 w.)

msoflio eklesiaSi sarwmunoebrivi kamaTi monofizitebTan qalkedonitTa

gamarjvebiT damTavrda VI-VII saukuneebSi. bizantiis imperiis gareT ki es dava
kidev didxans gagrZelda. saqme is iyo, rom monofizitoba Tavis erovnul
sarwmunoebad gamoacxada VIII s-is dasawyisSi somxeTSi Semdgarma saeklesio
krebam. es sarwmunoeba erovnulad gadaiqca aRmosavleTis zogierTi
xalxisaTvis siriasa Tu egvipteSi. saqarTvelo, romelic imyofeboda mijnaze
qalkedonitur bizantiasa da monofizitur somxeTs Soris, marad
marTlmadideblobis erTgul damcvelad miiCneoda. amitom sarwmunoebrivi
debatebi da kamaTi qarTvel da somex sasuliero Tu saeklesio pirTa Soris
saukuneTa manZilze grZeldeboda, vidre TiTqmis XIX-XX saukuneebamde. saqme
is iyo, rom somxuri eklesia garkveul istoriul etapebze axerxebda
moepovebina romelime mZlavri mezobeli imperiis mxardaWera, romlis
meoxebiT axerxebda saqarTvelos romelime kuTxis Tavis iurisdiqciaSi
moqcevas da mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleobis Tavis samwysod gadaqcevas.
aseTi xerxiT somxurma eklesiam tao da misi mimdebare qarTuli mxareebi
Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moaqcia, vidre VIII saukunemde. ufro adre ki, kerZod VI
s-Si, qvemo qarTli, anu `gugarqi~, kirion kaTalikosamde. msgavsadve, samxreT
saqarTvelos somxeTis mezoblad mdebare sxva mxareebSic cxovrobdnen
somxuri eklesiis wevri qarTvelebi. samwysosaTvis Widilis dros erTmaneTs
xvdebodnen qarTveli da somexi sasuliero pirebi, isini Sekrebebze sajaro
paeqrobisas arCevdnen sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebs.
erTi aseTi kreba Sedga sofel RrtilasTan, javaxeTSi. bagratis (975-1014)
dros, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom Rrtilas saeklesio kreba
Catarda 1046 wels bagrat IV-is dros. mefes, javaxeTSi yofnisas, mouwvevia
samxedro-samoqalaqo kreba, am dros masTan `Cveulebisaebr~ misula javaxeTis
mosazRvre provinciidan `didi moZRvari somxeTisai~ sosTeni. igi
monofizituri sarwmunoebis Rrmad mcodne yofila `friad mecnier werilTa
da sarwmunoebisa~. miqel sabininis Tanaxmad, sosTeni yofila marmaSenis
somxuri monastris winamZRvari (es monasteri mdebareobs amJamindeli
leninakanis raionSi). rogorc iTqva, igi `Cveulebisaebr movida bagrat mefisa
da iwyo zuaobiT da ampartavnobiT qebad sjulisa Tvisisa~181.
im droisaTvis saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTi nawili, kerZod, tao,
klarjeTi da aboci (taSiri) warmoadgenda somxuri eklesiis dainteresebis
sferos. somxeTi didad gaZlierda IX-X saukuneebSi, aseT viTarebaSi uTuod
saWiroebas warmoadgenda samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis darwmuneba
qalkedonituri sarwmunoebis sisworeSi, somxuri eklesiis
aramarTlmadidebluri saxis warmoCena, miT umetes, rom somexi `sarwmunoebis
wanamZRvrebi~ msgavsi ampartavnobiTa da TavxedobiT cdilobdnen TavianTi
sjulis dacvas, nacvlad ki gmobdnen da aZagebdnen `sarwmunoebasa Cuensa~.
RrtilaSi mefesTan erTad yofilan wurwyabeli episkoposi gvarad
miqelaZe, yveleli episkoposi sanano, grigol abuseriZe, SesaZloa tbeli,
gabriel ukis Ze. am mRvdelmTavrebma da sjulismcodneebma ar icodnen
monofizituri dogmatika, amitomac sakadrisi pasuxi ver gasces sosTens, `ver
wina aRudges umecrebisaTvis wignTa maTTasa~182. amitomac moiwvies im dros
ierusalimidan samSobloSi Camosuli qarTveli beri efTvime grZeli, imJamad
myofi anCeli mTavarepiskoposis karze. igi mefesTan RrtilaSi Cavida anCel
episkoposTan erTad. `sjulis gamoZieba~ yofila mTavari mizani qarTveli da
somexi moweseebis Sexvedrisa. am `gamoZiebis~ Sedegs udidesi gamoZaxili unda
mohyoloda samxreT saqarTveloSi da, marTlac didi gavlena hqonda aqauri
mosaxleobis sarwmunoebriv simtkiceze. es iyo `gamoZieba saRmrTosa hjulisa
da marTlisa sarwmunoebisa ganrCevad RvarZlisagan wualebaTasa~, msgavsi
kamaTis did mniSvnelobas miuTiTebs isic, rom, rogorc Cans, im dros samxreT
saqarTvelos qarTvelTa erTi mcire nawili jer kidev somxuri eklesiis
samwysos warmoadgenda, e.i. somexTa sarwmunoebas aRiarebda. aseTi yofila
TviT mefe bagrat III-is mwignobarTuxucesi efTvime. es qarTveli, sarwmunoebiT
monofiziti yofila, amitomac mas mematiane `Sinagamcems~, `Cveni sarwmunoebis
Sinagamcems~ uwodebs: _ `maSin iyo vinme mwignobarT uxucesi mefisa saxeliT
efTvime. igica Tanaziar borotisa mis wualebisa maTisa da Sinagan gamcemi
sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa183. sarwmunoebrivi Tanamoziarobis gamo Cveni
sarwmunoebis `Sinagan gamcemi~, anu moRalate qarTveli misula sosTenTan da
`farulad yursa sosTenassa zraxvida~, e. i. farulad elaparakeboda
qarTvelTa mzadebis Sesaxeb. sosTenisa da efTvime grZelis saRvTismetyvelo
kamaTis dawyebisTanave gamoCnda qarTveli RvTismsaxuris upiratesoba.
sosTeni dacinviTa da ampartavnuli sizviadiT SeekiTxa efTvimes, Tu romeli
gziT mivida krebaze. qarTvelma berma upasuxa, rom igi movida upirvelesad
ierusalimidan, iakob mociqulis sasaydro qalaqidan, Semdeg antioqiidan da
romidan petre mociqulis saydridan, aleqsandriidan wmida markoz
maxareblis saydridan, konstantinopolidan ioane maxareblis sasaydro
qalaqidan. `amaT saydarTa sapatriaqoTagan moval da wmidaTa eqvsTa krebaTa
marTali aRsareba mimiRebies da mtkice da WeSmariti sarwmunoeba miswavies da
aw mosrul var, raTa vamxilo borotad madideblobasa Tqvensa~184.
msoflio eklesiis burjebi _ xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo ierusalimisa,
antioqiisa, romisa, aleqsandriisa, konstantinopolisa im droisaTvis
qalkedonituri iyo, e. i. qarTveli moZRvris sarwmunoeba efuZneboda msoflio
eklesiis swavlebas _ mrwamss, msoflio eklesiis avtoritets da msoflio
patriarqebis Tanamorwmuneebad dasaxva gvagonebs kirion I qarTlis
kaTalikosis pasuxs somexi kaTalikosisadmi. somexi istorikosebic movses
kalankatuaci da uxtanesi werdnen, rom berZnebma, `sadac ki maxarebeli iyo
dakrZaluli, iq sapatriarqo saydrebi daaarseso~, e.i. konstantinopolis
kaTedra sapatriarqo saydrad gamoacxades iq ioane maxareblis dakrZalvis
gamo, aseve aleqsandria markoz maxareblis gamo. mociqulTa naRvawi iyo
ierusalimi, antioqia da romi. Cans, sosTens marTlac hqonda Seswavlili
somxuri sasuliero xasiaTis wignebi, rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, radganac
msoflio eklesiaSi sapartiarqo saydarTa (kaTedraTa) daarsebas
gamowvlilviT mimoixilavda imdroindeli somxuri saeklesio istoriografia
da mwerloba.
sosTenTan kamaTisas efTvime grZeli eyrdnoboda `eqvsi msoflio krebis~
kanonebs. rogorc cnobilia, somxuri eklesia cnobda mxolod pirvel sam
msoflio krebas da ar aRiarebda sxva krebebs qalkedonis IV krebis Semdeg
mowveulT. Rrtilas krebis droisaTvis (X s. bolo an XI s. pirveli naxevari)
msoflio eklesia aRiarebda ukve mowveuli Svidi krebis avtoritets, efTvimes
mier eqvsi krebis moixsenieba imiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli, rom kanonikur
kodeqsSi marTlac Setanili iyo ara Svidi, aramed eqvsi krebis mier
gamotanili kanonebi, radgan V konstantinopolis (553 w.) da VI (681 w.)
msoflio krebebs saeklesio kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT, es xarvezi Seavso
konstantinopolis, e. w. trulis 691 wlis krebam 102 kanoniT. e. i. kanonebi
gamoitanes: 1. nikeis I msoflio krebam 325 wels (20 kanoni); 2.
konstantinopolis, 381 wlis II krebam (7 kanoni); 3. efesos 431 wlis III krebam
(8 kanoni); 4. qalkedonis 451 wlis IV krebam (30 kanoni); 5. trulis krebam 691
wels (102 kanoni); 6. nikeis 787 wlis VII krebam (22 kanoni). msoflio krebaTagan
kanonmdebeli iyo marTlac eqvsi saeklesio kreba. Cans, amitomac axsenebda
efTvime grZeli eqvs msoflio krebas da ara Svids. efTvime ambobs _
`...sapatriaqoTagan moval da wmidaTa eqvsTa krebaTa marTali aRsareba
mimiRebies~185. aq `aRsarebis~ qveS unda igulisxmebodes, rogorc aRiniSna,
krebaTa kanonebi. safiqrebelia, rom efTvimes ara mxolod codna SeuZenia am
kanonebisa, aramed Cans, aRniSnuli msoflio krebebis kanonebi, anu `aRsareba~
Targmnili saxiT Camoutania saqarTveloSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, swored
Rrtilas krebis epoqaSi qarTvelebs didi interesi gamouCeniaT kanonikuri
mwerlobis mimarT da amitomac eqvTime mTawmindels Seudgenia `mcire
rjuliskanoni~. manamde X saukunis dasawyisSi, grigol oSkels uTargmnia
Txzulebebi grigol nazianzelisa, romelSic I da II msoflio krebaze
ganxilul sakiTxTa irgvliv iyo msjeloba. marTalia, es Txzuleba ufro
dogmatikur-polemikuri xasiaTisa yofila, vidre kanonikuri, magram Cans,
qarTvelebi IX-X saukuneebSi seriozulad iyvnen dainteresebuli kanonikiT,
radganac somxuri eklesiis Rrmad ganswavlul mecnierebTan uxdebodaT
kamaTi. eqvTime mTawmindels sagangebod Seudgenia qarTuli kanonikuri
krebuli, romelic Sedgenili yofila trulis 691 wlis kanonebisa da basili
didis kanonebis safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli hqonia Cveni gansaxilveli
TemisaTvis saintereso kanonebi qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Sesaxebac.
eqvTimes mier Sedgenili kanonikuri miTiTebani somxuri eklesiis Sesaxeb
uTuod didad gamoadgeboda qarTvel polemistebs somxuri eklesiis
moZRvrebTan kamaTisa da samwysos aRzrdis dros. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Rrtilas
krebis dros amgvari Txzulebis saWiroeba sagrZnobi gaxda, radganac,
miuxedavad qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis RrtilaSi yofnisa, `vervin winaaRudga
mas~ (e. i. sosTens), maSin, roca igi `gamoZiebas hyofda winaSe mefisa
sjulisaTvis Cuenisa~186.
efTvime grZelma qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis marTebulobis
msoflio eklesiis avtoritetiT damtkicebis Semdeg, piriqiT Seutia sosTens
_ `Sen vina moxval ara uwyi, arginaiT da marmaSeniT moxuala da mogaqvs
wualeba nestorisa da severiosisa da petroz mkawvrelisa da ikadreb
yvedrebad ersa RvTisasa da wina ganwyobad wmidisa marTlisa sarwmunoebisa~1.
arginaSi im droisaTvis isxdnen somexi patriarqebi, xolo marmaSeni TviT
sosTenis monasteri iyo. ierusalimis, antioqiis, romis, aleqsandriis,
konstantinopolis avtoritets, cxadia, arginas avtoriteti ver Seedreboda.
nestori, severiosi da petroz mkawvreli iyvnen cnobili eresiarqebi. Tavis
droze arseni safarelis wyaros (romlis safuZvelzec dawerili iyo
Txzuleba `ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~) miaCnda, rom
zemoaRniSnuli wvalebebisaken miidrika somxuri eklesia garkveul istoriul
periodebSi. efTvime grZelma mouTxro krebasa da sosTens istoria somxuri
eklesiisa, swored iseve, rogorc es gadmocemulia arsen safarelis
TxzulebaSi (rom IV krebamde somxuri eklesia iziarebda msoflio eklesiaSi
arsebul dogmatikas, IV s. bolos somxeTi sparseTma daipyro, somxebi
ganSordnen berZnebs, rom sparseTis Sahis xosros dros Sedga somxuri
eklesiis kreba dvinSi, romelmac abdiSo asuris meoxebiT miiRo iakobitTa
sarwmunoeba, es moxda nerses kaTalikosis dros, rom grigol
ganmanaTlebelma ixila Cevneba somxuri eklesiis mwvaleblobaSi Caflobis
Sesaxeb da ase Semdeg). efTvime grZelma somxuri eklesiis istoriis
gadmocemisas Tavis wyarod daasaxela `patmonaTa~. patimoToni, anu
`patmonaTa~ warmoadgenda istoriuli xasiaTis Txzulebas, igi Seqmnili
yofila somex qalkedonistTa wreSi da warmoadgenda somxuri eklesiis
istorias, vidre VIII saukunemde187. es wigni qarTulad ZvelTaganve yofila
Targmnili, XVI saukunis mawyvereli episkoposi ioakimesaTvis safaris
monasterSi gadawerili erTi piri gamoaqveyna T. Jordaniam188. misi
ganxilvidan Cans, rom patimoToni gamouyenebia arsen safarels Tavis erT-erT
wyarod `ganyofisaTvis~ daweris dros. sosTens polemikisas gamouyenebia
agreTve somxuridan Targmnili Txzuleba `xilva grigol ganmanaTlebelisa~
da `Cveneba sahak kaTalikozisa~. am bolo CvenebebSi naTqvami yofila, rom
somexTagan marTlmadideblobis uaryofis Semdeg `aRmobrwyindes CrdiloT
mTavari igi didi uwyebiT tomisagan daviTisa da aRorZindes suliTa
RvTisaTa da ganarCios yoveli keTilad patmoTanisa Tquenisagan~189.
bagrationebi ebraelTa mefe-winaswarmetyvelis, daviTis STamomavlebad
miiCneodnen, e.i. daviTis tomisagan. CrdiloeTs saqarTvelos uwodebdnen IX-X
saukuneebSi, e.i. nawinaswarmetyvelebi yofila, rom saqarTveloSi
aRmobrwyindebian daviTis tomisagan bagrationi mefeebi, romelnic gaarCeven
monofizit-qalkedonitTa davas marTlmadidebelTa sasargeblod. esaa
bagrationTa im qebis gagrZeleba, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli iyo
jer kidev grigol xanZTelis droidan. sosTenTan kamaTisas eqvTime iyenebs
msoflio eklesiis didi maswavleblebis, aTanase didis, basili didis,
grigol RvTismetyvelis saxelebs, viTarca isini `wamebeno~. maTi Txzulebebi
am berisaTvis nacnobi unda yofiliyo. efTvime, ise rogorc
marTlmadidebluri samyaro, aRSfoTebuli iyo `samwmidaobis~ galobaSi
sityvebis `mama, Ze da suliwmidis~ CarTviT, romliTac gamodioda, rom jvarze
yovladwmida sameba gaekra, rac mkrexelobaa. aRniSnuli sityvebi samwmidaobis
galobaSi CaurTavs V saukunis cnobil monofizit eresiarqs petre fulons,
anu petroz mkawvrels. efTvimes sityviT, igi antioqiis sapatriarqo taxtidan
samarTlianad CamougdiaT liturgiis dros, radganac yovladwmida qalwuli
mariami RvTismSoblad ar uRiarebia nestoris gavleniT (e.i. petre fuloni
ara mxolod monofizitobaSi imxileboda, aramed nestorianobaSic). sosTeni
didad aqebda mas, efTvime ki somexTa maswavleblad warmoadgenda. es petre
(fuloni, anu mkawvreli) antioqiis taxtidan Camogdebis Semdeg misula
somxeTSi _ `mivida ra queyanad Tquenda, aRavso borotiTa wvalebiTa da
Seacduna eri igi uswavleli~191. petre mkawvrels qarTlSic moundomebia
Tavisi swavlebis gavrceleba, Semosula qarTlSi, sadac mas daxvedria
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli, romelmac `qviTa gantvina igi~. petre
mkawvreli qarTlSi CauqolavT: `netarman miqail da krebulman misman
saRmrToman, ukeTuri igi daqoles~192. Rrtilas krebaSi Zleuli da
Sercxvenili sosTeni wavida somxeTSi da daubrunda Tavis monasters. krebaze
damswre mefem da mRvdelmTavrebma efTvime grZels saTanado pativi miages, mis
paeqrobaSi gamarjvebas didi mniSvneloba hqonia, is `iqmna Zegl marTlisa
sarwmunoebisa~192.
Zvel saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli siZulviliT sZuldaT petroz
mkawvreli, viTarca wvalebis fuZemdebeli da warmwymedeli msoflio
qristianTa erTi nawilisa. marTlmadideblobis medgar damcvelT saamayod
miaCndaT, rom petre saqarTveloSi Caqoles sarwmunoebisaTvis moSurne
qarTvelebma. Taobebs sarwmunoebrivi moSurneobis Tvalxilul Zeglad
miaCndaT is adgili qvemo qarTlSi, sadac aRmarTuli iyo qvebis grova,
romlis ZirSic petre mkawvrelis Caqolili gvami egdo. amitomac unda iTqvas,
rom albaT es momenti ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli, roca XX saukunis
qarTvelma mkvlevarebma gamoacxades, rom TiTqosda qarTulma eklesiam V
saukuneSi avtokefalia miiRo petre fulonis (mkawvrelis) xeliT, TiTqosda
manve akurTxa pirveli qarTveli kaTalikosi petre. aseTi Tvalsazrisi
saerTod ar eTanadeba ZvelqarTuli istoriografiis monacemebs. kerZod,
qarTlis kaTalikosi petre ierarqi gaxda mTavarepiskopos miqaelis Semdeg. am
mTavarepiskopos miqaels ki Cauqolavs petre fuloni, maSasadame, maSin, roca
petre qarTlis kaTalikosi antioqiidan movida qarTlSi, petre fuloni
Camogdebuli yofila taxtidan, da araTu Camogdebuli, aramed ukve mkvdaric
yofila. Tu TviTon petre mkawvreli ar miiRes qarTlSi, mis mier nakurTx
kaTalikozs miiRebdnen?! movusminoT wyaros: `movida zvavi igi kangarasa da
mouwoda netars miqels kaTalikozsa qarTlisasa, raTa anu sjulsa missa
eziarnen anu urC eqmnas saydrisagan ganiyvanon. xolo SeWura miqel sulman
wmidaman... warmovida mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRudelTa Tana da
erisa morwmunisa da moiwivnes queyanasa kangarisasa... movida miqel
kaTalikozi da Tayuanisca winaSe saydarsa mis petros mkawvrelisasa...
STamozidna Zlierad da STamoiTria qveyanad daakueTa da dasca qviTa miT,
romel aqunda qudsa Sina missa da gantvina... maSin yovelTa misTana myofTa
episkoposTa da moyuasTa misTa dakribes mis zeda qva da Seeracxa maT
simarTled kacis kvla igi~193.
aqedan Cans, rom 1. ZvelqarTuli saeklesio tradiciiT, qarTlis pirvel
kaTalikos petremde qarTul eklesiaSi iyo ara mxolod erTi episkoposi,
aramed episkoposTa simravle; 2. kaTalikosi qarTuli eklesiisa petre ar iyo
nakurTxi antioqiis patriarq petre fulonis (mkawvrelis) mier. sabolood
unda iTqvas, rom Rrtilas krebas mTel saqarTveloSi saukuneTa manZilze
hqonia didi gamoZaxili.
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057 w.w.)
(qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa dadastureba)

wmida mama giorgi mTawmideli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias uwodebda

`didsa da maRal saqmes~, romlis xelyofis ufleba aravis hqonda msoflioSi,
Tundac wmida mociqul petres taxtze mjdom antioqiis patriarqsac ki.
msoflioSi arsebobs erTi sayovelTao eklesia, romlis Tavia ufali ieso
qriste, raTa aRsruldes wmida werilSi gacxadebuli uflis neba - `erT
mwyems da erT samwyso~. es erTiani eklesia WeSmariti rwmenis, anu
marTlmadideblobis mcvelia, amitomacaa nabrZanebi sarwmunoebis simboloSi
_ `mrwams erTi wmida, kaTolike (e.i. sayovelTao) da samociqulo eklesia~. es
suliT erTiani eklesia ar imarTeba raime saerTo-sayovelTao centris mier.
Tavisufali administraciuli mmarTvelobis neba miniWebuli aqvs sxvadasxva
avtokefalur saeklesio erTeuls wmida mociqulTa droidan. pirveli
avtokefaluri eklesiebi daaarses wmida mociqulebma, avtokefaluri imdenad,
ramdenadac saeklesio Temi, romelsac episkoposebi hyavda, administraciulad
ar emorCileboda sxvas, romelime meores. eklesiis mmarTvelobis es wesi
gadmocemulia mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxlSi: `yvela eris episkoposebma
unda icodnen maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar
unda gaakeTon mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes
rac sasargebloa misi eklesiisaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli
soflebisaTvis. magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs nurafers
sxvebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase SeiZleba aResrulos
erTianoba da ididos RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~194.
mociqulTa dros da maT Semdeg qristianoba ar warmoadgenda saxelmwifo
sarwmunoebas, amitom saeklesio TavisTavadobis, anu avtokefaliis are
isazRvreboda `eriT~, anu `naTesaviT~. e.i. episkoposis xelisufleba
vrceldeboda eTnikur jgufebze, xalxebsa da erebze. mociqulTa 34-e
kanonidan Cans, rom eris, anu `naTesavis episkoposi~ Tavis moqmedebisaTvis
Tanxmobas iRebs ara sxva, romelime ucxo an mezobeli `eris~ episkoposisagan,
aramed Tavis eris SigniT moRvawe episkoposebisagan. aqedan Cans, rom `eris~,
anu `naTesavis~ mTavari episkoposebi avtokefalurebi iyvnen.
rogorc cnobilia, Tavdapirvelad qristianoba gavrcelda romis
imperiaSi. am imperiaSi administraciuli mmarTvelobis erTeuls warmoadgenda
provincia, romlis sazRvrebi xSirad emTxveoda dapyrobili an
damorCilebuli xalxis eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvars. provincia xSirad
erovnuli erTeuli iyo. amitomac zogierTi kanonisti Tvlis, rom mociqulTa
34-e kanonSi `eris~, anu `naTesavis~ qveS igulisxmeba provincia. maSasadame, am
kanonis Sesabamisad, TiToeul romaul provinciaSi episkoposebi unda
daqvemdebarebodnen TavianTi provinciis mTavar episkoposs, romelic
avtokefaluri iyo. zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cnobili kanonistebis
Tanaxmad, romis imperiaSi IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis yoveli provincia
avtokefaluri iyo, anu imperiaSi arsebobda imdeni avtokefaluri eklesia,
ramdeni provinciac iyo. imperiaSi iyo 100-ze meti provincia, e.i. IV s.
dasawyisisaTvis mxolod imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia iyo195.
`erovnul-eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno 314
wels ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18
kanoniT, zemoT dasaxelebuli saepiskoposoebi Tanasaworad da
damoukideblad gamocxadda. es dadgenileba daadastura nikeis msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-4, me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344 w.)
me-9, me-14, me-15, me-19 da me-20 kanonma196, magram saqme is iyo, rom bizantiis
imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebis saepiskoposoebidan yvela
ver axerxebda damoukideblobis SenarCunebas, maT ar Sveloda dasaxelebul
krebaTa dadgenilebani Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi
moqceul eklesiaTa Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic
dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqTa
politikur mniSvnelobaze, saerTod ki qristianTaTvis am qalaqis
qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur avtoritetze~ . 197
romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebisas
imperia dayofili iyo oTx umTavres administraciul erTeulad, romelSic
Sediodnen ufro mcire administraciuli erTeulebi diocezebi, es
ukanasknelni ki Sedgebodnen provinciebisagan, Cveni gansaxilveli droisaTvis.
dioklitianes Semdeg imperia oTx nawilad iyo dayofili (tetrarqati),
romelsac marTavdnen ori imperatori (avgustusi) da ori keisari. wmida
imperatorma konstantine I-ma SeinarCuna saxelmwifo teritoriis dayofa 4
prefeqturad, romelTagan TiToeuli 12 diocezad iyofoda.
eklesia sasurvelad miiCnevda saeklesio iurisdiqciis sazRvari
damTxveoda saxelmwifo administraciuls, imis Semdeg, rac qristianoba
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda, es daadastura Semdgom Semdgarma IV
msoflio krebamac. magram, meore mxriv, qristianobis saxelmwifoebriv rangze
ayvanam gaaZliera dedaqalaqebSi msxdomi episkoposebis avtoriteti,
gaafarTova maTi gavlenis sferoebi, dedaqalaqSi imperatorTan sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadasaWrelad, saCivriT Tu TxovniT misuli
provincieli episkoposebis sakiTxis gadaWras imperatori avalebda deda-
qalaqis episkoposs, e.i. episkoposebi ukve Tanasworni aRar iyvnen. erTi
daemorCila meores. uzomod gaizarda romis episkoposis avtoriteti,
aRmosavleTSi imperatorTa da keisarTa sajdomi qalaqebis _ aleqsandriisa
da antioqiis eklesiaTa meTaurebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi gafarTovda
mezobel provinciaTa eklesiebis gavlenis sferoebis xarjze. me-3 msoflio
krebam Tavisi yuradReba miapyro am sakiTxs. moiTxova procesis SeCereba,
uwoda mas eparqiaTa mtacebloba, mamaTa kanonebis darRveva, e.i. CaTvala
Tavdapirveli eklesiisaTvis ucnob praqtikad, saeklesio wesTa SeSlad.
431 wels Semdgar III msoflio eklesiis krebas saCivriT mimarTa
kviproselma episkoposma. am krebis me-8 muxli aseTia: `kviproselma
episkoposebma (riginosi, zinoni da evagre) efesis krebas warudgines sityvieri
da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb, rom antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda
saeklesio wesTa da wmida mamaTa kanonis sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac bedavda
kviprosze xeldasxmas. krebis ganCinebis Tanaxmad, kviprosel episkoposebs
saeklesio kanonebisamebr TviT unda hqondeT Tavisive episkoposebis
xeldasxmis ufleba. es wesi Seucvlelad daculi unda iyos sxva
gansagebelTa (olqTa) da eparqiaTa mimarTac. nurc erTi episkoposi nu
miitacebs sxva eparqias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emorCileboda
mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydrismpyrobelTa gamgeblobis qveS, xolo Tu
vinme miitacebs da daimorCilebs sxvis eparqias iZulebiT, ganTavisuflebuli
unda iyos igi, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa kanoni da mRvdelmTavrebSi Tavi ar
iCinos saero mTavrobismoyvareobis ampartavnebam da medidurobam. wmida
msoflio krebam daadgina agreTve, rom TiToeulma eparqiam wmidad unda
daicvas Zveli Cveuleba da wesi. TiToeulma mitropolitma unda waiRos am
kanonis asli Tavisi simtkicisaTvis. Tu vinme am dadgenilebis sawinaaRmdego
wess Seasrulebs, msoflio kreba mas daumtkiceblad CaTvlis da mas ar eqneba
Zala~198.
romis imperiis aRmosavleTis dedaqalaqi konstantinopolis daarsebamde
iyo antioqia, Sesabamisad, misi episkoposis gavlenis sfero TandaTanobiT
farTovdeboda. igi iWreboda iqamde avtokefaluri eklesiebis sazRvrebSi,
akurTxebda iq axal episkoposebs, ganagebda maT Tavisi Sexedulebis
Sesabamisad, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, msgavsi qmedeba dagmo III msoflio
krebam da saeklesio wesebis, mamaTa kanonebis uxeS darRvevad miiCnia. 330
wels akurTxes romis imperiis axali dedaqalaqi konstantinopoli.
konstantinopolis episkoposis avtoriteti, viTarca dedaqalaqeli ierarqisa,
TandaTanobiT gaizarda, man mkveTrad SezRuda antioqieli patriarqis
gavlenis sfero.
romis imperiis gayofis Semdeg, 395 wlidan bizantiis imperiis dedaqalaqis
episkoposi _ konstantinopolis patriarqi, faqtobrivad, Tavis gavlenas
avrcelebda mezobel, iqamde avtokefalur Trakiis, asiisa da pontos
diocezTa eklesiebze. am eklesiaTa episkoposebi imperiis axal dedaqalaqSi
midiodnen imperatoris karze TavianTi sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. imperatori
ki maTi saqmeebis ganxilvas avalebda dedaqalaqis patriarqs. IV msoflio
qalkedonis krebam es ukve arsebuli praqtika iuridiulad gaaforma me-9, me-17
da 28-e kanonebiT. 451 wlidan, mas Semdeg rac pontos, asiisa da Trakiis
eklesiebi daumorCiles konstantinopolis saydars, TandaTanobiT iwyo
Semcireba romis imperiaSi arsebuli avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvma, ise
rom, rogorc kanonistebi (a. kartaSevi da sxvebi) miiCneven VI s-is
dasawyisisaTvis, romis imperiaSi mxolod eqvsi avtokefaluri eklesiaRa
arsebobda: 1. romis, 2. konstantinopolis, 3. aleqsandriis, 4. antioqiis, 5.
ierusalimis, 6. kviprosis. ase rom, imperiaSi arsebuli 100-ze meti eklesiidan
200 wlis Semdeg mxolod 6 avtokefaluri eklesia darCa. es eklesiebic
erTiani, erTi saxelmwifos eklesiebi iyvnen _ nawilni erTiani bizantiuri
eklesiisa. es asec unda yofiliyo saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, radganac erT
saxelmwifoSi erTi eklesia unda yofiliyo. magram bizantiis imperiis gareT
arsebobdnen sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebic. maT Sesaxeb miuTiTebda II
msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis komentirebisas kanonisti balsamoni. II krebis me-
2 kanoni aseTia: `eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT
episkoposs ara aqvs ufleba gascdes Tavisi eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras
sxva eklesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa
Tanaxmad, aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis
eklesiebs, aRmosavleTis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis
eklesiebs. daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis
eklesiisa. asiis soflebis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod asiis
eklesiebs, pontoeli episkoposni unda marTavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs,
xolo Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs~199.
maSasadame, 381 wlisaTvis II msoflio krebam aRmosavleTSi CamoTvala
Semdegi avtokefaluri eklesiebi: aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa, asiisa, pontosi,
Trakiisa. imperiaSi, cxadia, iyvnen sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebi, xolo
imperiis gareT II msoflio krebis II kanonis komentarebisas XII s.-is
patriarqma balsamonma daasaxela sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebi: ~nu
gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi avtokefalurad, rogorc magaliTad,
eklesiebs bulgareTisa, kviprosisa da iberiis eklesiebs. bulgareTis
episkoposi pativSi aiyvana iustiniane mefem, waikiTxe misi 131-e novela...
kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam, xolo
iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam, amboben
maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis uwmides patriarqad iyo
ufali petre, gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da
avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis
patriarqs~200.
antioqieli sasuliero moRvaweebi saukuneTa manZilze eswrafodnen
rogorme warmoeCinaT antioqiis eklesiis Zveli dideba, misi iurisdiqciis
gavrceleba. konstantinopolma, rogorc viciT, Seamcira am eklesiis gavlenis
sfero, amitomac antioqielTa Semdegi Taobebi cdilobdnen sazRvrebis rac
SeiZleba farTo Cvenebebs, zogjer araswori cnobebis mowodebiTac. amis
TvalsaCino magaliTia balsamonis zemoT moyvanili cnobac, magaliTad,
kviprosis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT. balsamoni wers, rom `kviprosis
episkoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam~, e.i. mianiWa avtokefalia
kvipross, magram Cven viciT III msoflio krebis me-8 kanonidan, rom kviprosis
eklesias am msoflio krebam avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed piriqiT,
daadastura am eklesiis Zveli avtokefalia, e.i. daicva igi antioqiis eklesiis
`mtaceblobisagan~. maSasadame, roca balsamoni wers, rom krebam `pativSi
aiyvana~ romelime eklesiis arqiepiskoposi, sinamdvileSi igulisxmeba ukve
arsebuli avtokefaliis dadastureba am krebis mier. am kuTxiT Tu SevxedavT
balsamonis cnobebs iberiis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba vigulisxmoT,
rom misi cnoba `iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis
dadgenilebam~, sinamdvileSi niSnavs `iberiis eklesiis Zveli avtokefalia
daadastura antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~, aseTi varaudis uflebas iZleva,
rogorc aRiniSna, kviprosis eklesiis avtokefaliis balsamoniseuli gageba.
II msoflio krebis meore kanoni Seexeboda IV saukunis miwurulisaTvis
arsebul sxvadasxva avtokefalur eklesias da icavda maT. rogorc zemoT iyo
aRniSnuli, droTa viTarebaSi mravali avtokefaluri eklesia gauqmda,
amitomac am kanonis komentirebisas balsamoni Seaxsenebs mkiTxvels, rom
saerTod arseboba sxvadasxva avtokefaluri eklesiisa kanonieria da ar aris
saeklesio wesebis darRveva. saqme is iyo, rom ukve VI saukunis Semdgom
bizantiaSi warmoiSva e.w. pentarqiis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac TiTqosda
kanonieri iyo mxolod 5 sapatriarqos (e.i. avtokefaluri eklesiis) arseboba:
romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis. am TeoriiT
izrdebodnen Taobebi, swored maT Seaxsenebda da aswavlida kanonebis mcodne
Teodore balsamoni, rom zemoaRniSnulTa garda SeiZleba kidev arsebobdes
sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebic, rom maT arsebobas akanonebdnen msoflio
saeklesio krebebi. amasve adasturebda balsamonis dros arsebuli saeklesio
praqtikac, roca namdvilad arsebobda avtokefaluri eklesiebi bulgareTisa,
kviprosisa da iberiisa. maSasadame, balsamonisaTvis mTavaria ara is, Tu
romelma eklesiam rodis miiRo avtokefalia, aramed mtkiceba imisa, rom
zemoaRniSnul 5 sapatriarqos garda, msoflioSi SeiZleba iyvnen kidev sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebi da maTi arseboba ar aris saeklesio kanonebis
darRveva. balsamoni cdilobs Tavisi drois Sexeduleba pentarqiis Sesaxeb
Secvalos Zveli msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonebis komentarebiT. aqedan
gamomdinare, iberiis, kviprosisa da bulgareTis eklesiebis mier
avtokefalurobis miReba-damtkicebis wlebi balsamonisaTvis mTavari ar aris.
mTavaria maTi avtokefaliis arsebobis faqti, amitomac kviprosis eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxi Taviseburad warmoadgina, xolo iberiis eklesiis mier
avtokefaliis miRebis Sesaxeb yurmokruli ambavi mogvawoda `amboben, rom ...
wers igi, _ maSin, roca antioqiis patriarqi iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna
krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesiebi
iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareobda antioqiis patriarqs~ _ e.i. `iberiis
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~. rogorc
aRvniSneT, aseve werda balsamoni kviprosis eklesiis Sesaxebac _ `kviprosis
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam~, sinamdvileSi ki
kviprosis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo I-II saukuneebidan, mociqulTa droidan.
TviTon erT-erTma mociqulma iqadaga kviprosSi da daafuZna iq eklesia,
yoveli eklesia (saepiskoposo) ki II-III saukuneebSi avtokefaluri unda
yofiliyo, Tu raime gansakuTrebuli mizezis gamo ar hqonda avtokefalia
dakarguli. kviprosis eklesia, viTarca mociqulTa droidan daarsebuli,
avtokefaluri iyo saukuneTa manZilze, swored amitom mimarTes saCivriT III
msoflio krebas kviproselma episkoposebma, roca maT avtokefalias antioqiis
eklesia daemuqra. krebam daicva kviprosis avtokefalia.
msoflio eklesiisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi daarsebuli
eklesiebi Tavidanve avtokefalurni iyvnen, es codna arsebobda XI saukuneSic,
kerZod, roca antioqiis eklesiam pretenzia ganacxada qarTul eklesiis
mimarT. pretenzia aseTi iyo _ ar SeiZleba qarTuli eklesia iyos
avtokefaluri, radganac saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls,
maSasadame, igi ar daarsebula mociqulTa epoqaSi, roca saerTod Camoyalibda
avtokefaliis safuZvlebi. XI saukuneSi antioqiis patriarqTan mividnen
dainteresebuli pirebi da moaxsenes: meufeo, iberiis eklesia amJamad
avtokefaluria, radganac iqauri episkoposebi ar eqvemdebarebian arc erT sxva
sapatriarqos, yovelgvar saeklesio wess TviTon adgenen da taxtze svamen
TavianT kaTalikoss da episkoposebs, aseTi qmedeba ki arakanonikuria,
radganac arc erT mociquls ar uqadagnia saqarTveloSi. amitomac umjobesia,
Cveni mezobeli iberia antioqieli patriarqis samociqulo saydars
201
daemorCilos . maSasadame, XI s-is bizantiaSic jer kidev axsovdaT msoflio
eklesiis Zveli wesi, roca mociqulTa epoqaSi daarsebuli eklesiebi
avtokefalurebi iyvnen. aseTad ki qarTuli eklesia ar miaCndaT. magram Tuki
damtkicdeboda, rom mociqulma saqarTveloSi iqadaga, maSin qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefalia kanonikurad CaiTvleboda. swored aseTi mizani hqonda
giorgi mTawmindels antioqiis sapatriarqo karze misvlisas - daemtkicebina,
rom saqarTveloSi mociqulma iqadaga. maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis arsebuli
avtokefalia kanonikuria mociqulTa droidanve.
Cven mivuaxlovdiT gansaxilvel Temas _ `antioqiis II saeklesio krebas~.
saukuneTa manZilze antioqiaSi Catarda mravali saeklesio kreba, magram
CvenTvis sainteresoa is krebebi, romelnic Seexeboda qarTul eklesias.
pirveli aseTi kreba Catarebula VIII s.-Si, xolo meore 1056-1057 wlebSi. am
Sekrebis Sesaxeb cnoba daculia giorgi mTawmidelis SromebSi `cxovreba
giorgi mTawmidelisa~. aRniSnul wlebSi giorgi mTawmideli Sexvda antioqiis
patriarqebs petres da Teodosis. balsamonic `patriarq petres~ moixseniebs
Tavis cnobaSi, romelic zemoT mogaxseneT.
XI s-is pirvel naxevarSi daiZaba urTierToba bizantiasa da saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoTa da, aqedan gamomdinare, maT eklesiaTa Sorisac. sabednierod,
1054-1057 wlebSi mimdinareobda molaparakebebi saxelmwifoTa da eklesiaTa
meTaurebs Soris, romelic warmatebiT dagvirgvinda. am molaparakebaTa
nawils Seadgenda antioqiaSi mowveuli saeklesio Sekrebac1202.
bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris daZabuloba Semdegma garemoebam
warmoSva: X s-is bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisSi saqarTvelo gaerTianda, igi
iqca kavkasiaSi uZlieres saxelmwifod. Cveni mematianis gancxadebiT, man
moicva `yoveli kavkasia TviTmpyrobelobiT jiqeTidan vidre gurganamde~,
gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefe Tavisi siZlieris gamo bizantiis
imperatorisaTvis saSiSi gamxdara, `berZenTa mefeTa SiSi aqvnda amisi
yovladve~. berZenTa imperatori basili II bulgarTmmusvreli gaanawyena
saqarTvelos mefem bagrat III-is Zem giorgi I-ma, roca igi `SeiWra bizantiis
sazRvrebSi~, raTa daebrunebina bagrat kurapalatis memkvidreoba 1014-1016
wlebSi. sapasuxod bizantiam daiwyo didi omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. 1021
wels TviT imperatori basili SemouZRva Tavis mravalricxovan armias
saqarTveloSi, qarTvelTa laSqari ramdenjerme damarcxda SemoWril mterTan
brZolisas. basili II-is Semdgomma imperatorma konstantine VII-m gaagrZela
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omi, TviTon mxedarTmTavrobda saqarTveloSi
mebrZol Tavis armias. qarTulma eklesiam mterTan brZolisas daiWira mkveTri
pozicia _ igi saTaveSi Caudga saerTo-saxalxo oms bizantielTa winaaRmdeg.
es ar iyo advilad gadasawyveti saqme, radganac imJamindeli SexedulebiT
bizantiis imperatorebi saRvTo madlis udidesi matareblebi iyvnen, bizantiis
imperia ki burji marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa. amitomac Tavdapirvelad
samxreT saqarTveloSi SemoWril mters qarTveli mosaxleobis erTi nawili
mtrulad ar daxvda, piriqiT, mis mxares gadavida, magram male qarTuli
eklesiis mowodebiT qarTveli xalxi gamofxizlda. qarTuli laSqris
damarcxebis Semdgom bizantielebTan oms saTaveSi Caudgnen qarTveli
episkoposebi saba mtbevari da ezra anCeli, aages cixesimagre, maT gverdSi
amoudga mosaxleoba. berZenTa uricxvi laSqari Semoudga cixes, magram
qarTveli episkoposebi `TavTa TvisTa sikvdilad ganwirvides da sisxlTa
dasTxevdes sityvisebr mociqulTasa~203. qarTuli eklesiis msaxurTa
Tavdadebam da magaliTma gamoafxizla eri da sabolood bizantielebma ver
SeZles qarTvelTa mefis damarcxeba, saqarTvelo ar daiSala, risi imedic
mters hqonda.
bizantia-saqarTvelos omisas qarTuli eklesiis mkveTrma antibizantiurma
orientaciam ganarisxa ara mxolod bizantieli politikosebi, aramed
sasuliero pirebic. mTel bizantiis imperiaSi daiwyo qarTuli eklesiis
avtoritetis umagaliTo SebRalva, sastiki devna qarTveli sasuliero da
saero pirebisa. eWvi Seitanes qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSic ki, qarTvel
berebs devnidnen mTawmidaze _ iveronis monasterSi, Sav mTaze, saerTod
yvelgan, rogorc amas balkaneTSi arsebuli petriwonis qarTvelTa monastris
tipikoni, giorgi mTwamidelis Tu giorgi mcires mier gadmocemuli ambebi da
sxva wyaroebi miuTiTeben.
saubedurod, bizantia-saqarTvelos omi, marTalia, periodulad, magram
mainc gagrZelda XI s-is 50-ian wlebamde. bagrat IV-is, giorgi I-is Zis, dros
1029-1030 wlebSi zavi daido da omi droebiT Sewyda. Semdgom, marTalia,
bizantielebi ukve uSualod laSqriT aRar iWrebodnen saqarTveloSi, magram
samagierod afinansebdnen separatistebsa da qarTveli mefis moRalateebs,
umxedrebdnen did feodalebs. aseTi iyo baRuaSebis sagvareulo. liparit
baRuaSi ise gaaZlieres, rom XI s-is 50-ian wlebis dasawyisSi mis xelSi
aRmoCnda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvela didi cixe artanujidan
kldekaramde. mematianis cnobiT, bagrat IV-s mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloRa
darCa. bagrat IV iZulebuli gaxda Tavis dedasTan erTad, cnobil diplomat
da saeklesio moRvawe (sqimonazon) mariamTan erTad, samSvidobo zavis
dasadebad Casuliyo konstantinopolSi.
sabednierod, saerTaSoriso viTareba mkveTrad Seicvala saqarTvelos
sasargeblod, im mxriv, rom bizantiisaTvis saWiro Seiqna Zlieri saqarTvelos
arseboba. saqme isaa, rom ukve XI s-is dasawyisSi bizantiis aziuri
teritoriebis didi nawils brZolebiT xelSi iRebdnen Turq-seljukebi. 50-
iani wlebisaTvis ukve gamoikveTa, rom bizantias damoukideblad maTi
damarcxeba ar SeeZlo. 50-ian wlebSi bizantia daadga saqarTvelosTan
daaxloebis gzas, romelsac safuZveli daedo 1054-1057 wlebSi zemoaRniSnuli
sazavo molaparakebis dros. rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV da
dedamisi mariami qarTvel didebulebTan erTad Cavidnen konstantinopolSi da
xangrZlivi molaparakebebi hqondaT bizantiis umaRles xelisuflebTan. am
dros delegacias SeuerTda mTawmididan konstantinopolSi Casuli giorgi
mTawmidelic. qarTuli eklesiis mnaTobma da bizantiis eklesiis didma
avtoritetma giorgi mTawmidelma bizantia-saqarTvelos saeklesio
urTierTobaTa mogvarebis saqmeSi monawileoba miiRo, radganac iqamde
TiTqmis 30 wlis manZilze qarTuli eklesia bizantielTagan devnili da
Rirsebaayrili iyo. aseT mdgomareobas ki or marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
Soris bolo unda moReboda: `berZnebma daiwyes yovelgvari Seviwroeba
qarTveli berebisa, surdaT maTi gamoZeveba aTonidan da agreTve sxva
qarTuli monastrebidan, romlebic saberZneTSi mdebareobda. am mizniT
berZnebma TavianTi Seteva aTonze jer kidev 1019-1021 wlebSi daiwyes, rodesac
monastris winamZRvrad giorgi I varazvaCe iyo... berZnebma jer iyo da `yoveli
mTa Tana-Seiwies~, xolo Semdeg `saberZneTis didebulni da palatisa
warCinebulni yovelni midriknes~, amas zed daerTo maT mier qarTvelTa
yoveldRiuri ginebani, yvedrebani da fizikuri Seuracxyofanic ki. ...
marTalia, am sastiki Semotevis dros qarTvelebma monasteri dainarCunes
berZenTa mitacebisagan ... svimeonis winamZRvrobis dros (1041-1042 w.w.)
Seadgines mosaxsenebeli, romelSic moxseniebulia mokled istoria aTonTa
iveriis monastrisa~204.
rogorc iTqva, qarTuli saeklesio moRvaweni mTel bizantiis imperiaSi
idevnebodnen. ase iyo Sav mTazedac, antioqiis sanaxebSi, `aTonze amtydari
brZolis gamoZaxilma Sav mTamdec miaRwia da iq myofi bizantieli berebic
ganimsWvalnen surviliT iqauri qarTuli monastrebidan misi kanonieri
memkvidreni da patronni gamoeZevebinaT. am mizniT svimeon wmidis monasterSi
qarTvelebs berZnebma ciliswameba dauwyes, rom isini ar arian `WeSmariti~
sarwmunoebis matarebelni, `mwvalebelTa~ jgufs ekuTvnian da ar icaven
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wes-Cveulebebs.… berZnebma `ganizraxes
gularZnilobiT, raTa wmidasa amas da marTalsa sarwmunoebasa Cuensa biwi
raime daswamon. da esreT sruliad aRmogvfxunes didebulisa amis lavrisa
pirvelTagan TviT wmidisa svimeonis mier damkvidrebulni~205.
qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg bizantiuri saxelmwifos mier waqezebuli
berZen sasuliero pirTa brZolis gamoZaxilia grigol bakurianis Zis mier
petriwonis monastrisaTvis Sedgenili tipikoni, romlis 24-e TavSi
vkiTxulobT: `vamcneb amasa da Sjul debiT davamtkiceb, raTa araodes iyos
monastersa Sina Cemsa mkvidrobiT berZeni xucesi, anu monazoni,… romel arian
bunebiT mZlavrni da angaharni da xelovanni, meSinis Tu nuTu savnebeli da
dasaklebeli raime SeamTxvion monastersa… ecadnen mamasaxlisobad xel-
yofiTa, anu sxvisa raisme mizezisa saxiTa Tavisda Seqmnad inebon monastrisa
romeli-ese mravalgzis gvixilavs maTgan qmnilad Cuenisa naTesavisa
umankoebisa da gul-martiobisagan. Tu ara, nebiTa RmrTisaTa WeSmaritisa
marTlmadideblobisa maTisa mimdgomni varT da aRmasrulebelni da mowafeni
maTni~206. berZnebi WeSmariti marTlmadidebelni arian, Cven maTi mowafeni da
mimdgomni varT. e.i. Cvenc SeWmariti marTlmadidebelni varT, magram berZnebi
bunebiT mZlavrni, angarebiani da borot saqmeebSi daxelovnebulni arian,
qarTvelebi ki bunebiT umankoni da gulmartivni varT, meSinia, rogorc es
saerTod sxvagan moxda, roca mravalgzis inebes berZnebma qarTveli berebis
TavianTi monastrebidan gamoyvana, aqac ise ar moxdes, amitom erTi berZeni
mwerlis garda, sxva berZnebi Cems monasterSi ar gaCerdneno. marTalia, am
tipikons xeli moewera XI saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, magram igi kargad asaxavs
bizantiis imperiaSi qarTvel saeklesio pirTa devnas TiTqmis mTeli saukunis
manZilze, gansakuTrebiT ki 20-50-ian wlebSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros.
rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli eklesiis saqmeTa dadebiTad gadaWra
warmoadgenda 1054-1057 wlebis molaparakebaTa mniSvnelovan moments q.
konstantinopolSi, saeklesio saqmeTa gadaWra SeuZlebeli iyo antioqiisa da
ierusalimis sapatriarqoTa gareSe. amitomac gadawyvetila antioqiasa da
ierusalimSi gamgzavrebuliyvnen giorgi mTawmideli da umaRlesi xelisufali
saqarTvelos saxelmwifosi – mefe bagrat IV-is deda, cnobili diplomati
mariami. mgzavroba TviT bizantiis imperatoris mzrunvelobiT Sedga,
dedofals imperatorisagan miRebuli hqonda `brZaneba samefo Tavadisa Tana
da patriarqisa antioqiisa~. antioqiaSi mariam dedoflis Casvlamde gaemgzavra
giorgi mTawmideli imperatoris nebiTa da misi werilobiTi brZanebiT, igi
`wigniTa sameufoiTa Sav mTasa miiwia~1207.
 man Seamzada mariam dedoflis Sexvedra antioqiis patriarqTan: `xolo
amisa Semdgomad mariam dedofali, deda bagrat mefisa, qalaqiT sameufoiT
qalaqad antioqiad movida, rameTu eguleboda warsvlad wmidad qalaqad
ierusalimed… da aqunda brZaneba sameufeo Tavadisa Tana da patriarqisa
antioqiisasa, raiTa yovliTa didebiTa da pativiTa wargzavnon, xolo
patriarqman da mTavarman ganizraxes da gaigones TanazraxviTa mamisa
giorgisiTa, viTarmed `ara keTil ars, aRmosavlisa mefeTa dedaБ raiTamca
sarkinozeTs warvida, vinaidan codviTa CuenTagan igini uflobdnen qveyanasa
mas~208.
antioqiis patriarqi im dros iyo petre III, romelsac, Cans, ixseniebda
zemomoyvanil cnobaSi balsamoni, mas Sexvdnen dedofali mariami da giorgi
mTawmideli, es iyo 1056 wels. rogorc iTqva, dedofals xelT hqonda brZaneba
imperatorisa, raTa mas Rirseulad Sexvedrodnen da Semdgom ierusalimSi
gaemgzavrebinaT. es brZaneba exeboda rogorc antioqiis patriarqs, ise
antioqiis bizantiel umaRles xelisufals, `Tavads~.
cnobili kreba, romelic gaimarTa antioqiis sapatriarqoSi patriarq
petres dros, romelsac albaT miuTiTebs T. balsamoni, Sedga swored 1056
wels dedofal mariamisa da giorgi mTawmidelis antioqiis patriarqTan
Sexvedrisas.
Teodore balsamoni aRniSnuli krebidan TiTqmis 140 wlis Semdeg, 1193
wels arCeul iqna antioqiis patriarqad, magram radganac antioqia im dros
kaTolike jvarosanTa xelSi iyo, amitomac balsamoni konstantinopolSi
moRvaweobda. jer kidev patriarqad arCevamde. man mogvca cnoba qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRiniSna, am cnobebis dros misTvis
mTavari iyo emtkicebina sasuliero wreebisaTvis, rom msoflioSi xuTi didi
sapatriarqos garda, samarTlebrivad kidev SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebic, radganac saerTod, xuTi uZvelesi sapatriarqos
garda sxva avtokefaluri adgilobrivi eklesiebis arseboba ukanonobad
miaCndaT. balsamonma daamtkica, rom avtokefaluri eklesiebis arseboba
kanonieria, rom mis kanonikur safuZvels warmoadgens II msoflio krebis
meore kanoni, sxva krebebis kanonebTan erTad. am mtkicebas balsamonma iqve
daurTo misTvis xelmisawvdomi Tu yurmokruli cnobebi eklesiebisaTvis
avtokefaliis miniWebaTa Sesaxeb. igi werda: `iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi
aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam, amboben, rom maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi
qalaqis didi antioqiis uwmides patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna
krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia
iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis patriarqs~209.
am cnobidan Cans, rom balsamons qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb
werilobiTi wyaro, raime dokumenti xelT ar hqonia, magram man ueWvelad
icoda, rom qarTuli eklesia mis dros da iqamdec avtokefaluri iyo,
rogorc Cans, gamoukiTxavs da misTvis miuwodebiaT zepiri cnoba antioqiis
patriarq petres dros iberiis eklesiisaTvis krebis mier avtokefaliis
miniWebis Sesaxeb. maSasadame, faqtia is, rom balsamonis dros iberiis eklesia
avtokefaluria, magram werilobiTi dokumenti mas xelT ar hqonia.
aqedan gamomdinare, CvenTvis cnobilia Semdegi monacemebi: pirveli _
antioqiaSi 1056 wels marTlac Sexvdnen erTmaneTs cnobili diplomati
dedofali mariam, giorgi mTawmideli da antioqiis patriarqi petre III, meore
mxriv, balsamonic moixseniebs raRac krebas, romelic qarTuli eklesiis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, antioqiaSi gaimarTa patriarq petres dros. Tu am
monacemebs davujerebT, agreTve imas, rom dedofal mariamis saqarTveloSi
gamgzavrebis Semdeg antioqiaSi patriarq petre III-sTan darCa giorgi
mTawmideli da maT xSiri saubrebi hqondaT `saeklesio wesebze~, anu
saeklesio sakiTxebze (giorgi mcires cnobiT), xolo am patriarqis
gardacvalebis Semdeg axal antioqiis patriarq TeodosisTan giorgi
mTawmindels marTlac hqonda saubari qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebze, unda
vigulisxmoT, rom 1056-1057 wlebSi antioqiaSi marTlac gaimarTa Sekrebebi
qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad, da es sakiTxebi dadebiTad
gadaiWra.
rogorc aRiniSna, dedofali mariami apirebda ierusalimSi salocavad da,
albaT, saeklesio sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad gamgzavrebas, magram antioqiis
patriarqma es aRar CaTvala saWirod. ierusalimSi dedofalma gaagzavna
giorgi mTawmideli, romelmac yoveli saeklesio sakiTxi moagvara (amave dros
gadasca jvris monastris maSenebel mama proxores dedoflis didi Senawiri)
da ukanve dabrunda mariam dedofalTan antioqiis sapatriarqoSi.
saeklesio sakiTxTa keTilad mogvarebam `RvTismsaxuri igi dedofali
ganamxiarula~210. mariami iyo saeklesio moRvawe, monazoni da ara ubralo
monazoni, aramed `sqimonazoni~, e.i. umkacresi sulieri cxovrebiT moRvawe.
misi `ganmxiaruleba~ ar SeeZlo araviTar qveyniur sikeTes, mxolod
saeklesio saqmeTa mogvarebas SeeZlo misi `ganmxiaruleba~ da radganac
dedofali kmayofili dabrunda saqarTveloSi, unda vifiqroT, rom qarTul-
bizantiur saeklesio dapirispirebas dedoflis vizitiT ukve safuZveli
gamoecala; e.i. molaparakeba antioqiasa da ierusalimSi warmatebiT
dasrulda, aseve warmatebiT dasrulda bagrat IV-is molaparakebebi
konstantinopolSi – 1054-1057 wlebSi, or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis
mogvarebas mtkice safuZveli Caeyara. danarCeni winaaRmdegobani amave dros
faqtobrivad TandaTanobiT unda mogvarebuliyo. amaT mosagvarebladac unda
darCeniliyo giorgi mTawmideli antioqiaSi.
1052-1056 wlebSi antioqieli patriarqi iyo petre III, romelTanac, rogorc
aRvniSneT, Sexvedra da saubari hqonda dedofal mariamsa da giorgi
mTawmidels. kerZod, patriarqma TavisTan miixmo giorgi mTawmideli da
`ezraxa saRmrToTa werilTagan mravalsaxed, pirvelad sarwmunoebisaTvis
marTlisa da kanonTaTvis saeklesioTa, da mere sulTa sargeblisaTvis,
saTnoebisaTvis da vnebaTa~211.
biografi aRniSnavs, rom saubari Seexo sxva sakiTxebTan erTad `saeklesio
kanonebs~. swored saeklesio kanonebis darRvevaSi debdnen brals qarTul
eklesias. kerZod, am dros XI s-is 50-ian wlebSi ukve gaerTianebuli iyo
qarTuli eklesia da mas oficialurad saqarTveloSi ukve uwodebdnen
`sapatriarqos~. pirveli patriarqi qarTuli eklesiisa iyo melqisedek I (1010-
1033), romlis saxelsac ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarseba.
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, antioqiis sapatriarqoSi Semdgari saubrebi,
Sexvedrebi Tu krebebi ganixilavda ara qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
sakiTxs, aramed qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnobis sakiTxs.
petre III-is Semdeg taxtze avida axali patriarqi da igi Seexo qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, aman gaaoca giorgi mTawmideli. es iyo iseTi
`friad didi da maRali saqme~, romlisaTvis xelis Sevlebis ufleba ar
hqonda antioqiis patriarqs, aqedan Cans, rom petre III-is dros ar yofila
ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi da amitom arc antioqiis
krebas SeeZlo mieniWebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefalia 1056 wels,
radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia im dros moiTvlida ara erT da or
saukunes. maS, ra sakiTxs ixilavden SexvedraTa dros? Cans, saqme Seexo
qarTuli eklesiis ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis berZnul eklesiaTagan
aRiarebis sakiTxs. qarTuli eklesiis istoriis mkvlevari Cveni Tanamedrove
berZeni mitropoliti maqsime qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisadmi miZRvnil
Tavis wignSi wers: `mkvlevar korolevskis azriT, petre III-is dros qarTuli
eklesiis uflebaTa gansazRvris saWiroeba warmoSva iman, rom `saqarTvelos
erT-erTma kaTalikosma TviTneburad miikuTvna patriarqis pativi~212.
marTlac, SesaZloa petre III-sTan giorgi mTawmidelis saubris Tema
`saeklesio kanonebis~ ganxilvis dros Seexeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis
sapatriarqod aRiarebis sakiTxsac. es sakiTxi, Cans, dadebiTad gadaiWra,
radganac petre III da giorgi mTawmideli am saubrebis Semdeg gadaiqcnen
uguliTades megobrebad da patriarqi Tavis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wuTebis
Jams, giorgi mcires cnobiT, gverdidan ar iSorebda giorgi mTawmidels. petre
III-s saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia eWvqveS rom daeyenebina, giorgi
mTawmideli mas iseve ganurisxdeboda, rogorc patriarq Teodosis.
petre III-is Semdeg sapatriarqo saydari daiWira Teodosi III-m (1057-1059).
romelic Seexo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, pasuxad ki miiRo
giorgi mTawmidelis damajerebeli cnoba Sezavebuli sakadrisi ironiiT.
iqamde ki berZenma berebma sxva brali dasdes qarTvelebs – monofizituri
mwvalebloba. gapatriarqebisTanave dainteresebulma pirebma Teodosis
moaxsenes, rom TiTqosda Savi mTis svimeonwmidis monasterSi cxovrobs 60
beri, romlebic TavianT Tavs `qarTvelebs~ uwodeben, magram sinamdvileSi
`ara uwyiT Tu qarTvelni arian, anu somexni da verc xucesi maTi Jamsa wiravs
monastersa Sina Cuensa~213. patriarqi Seudga saqmis gamoZiebas. mas Seaxvedres
giorgi mTawmideli, romelTanac saubris Semdeg patriarqis yvela eWvi
gabaTilda.
patriarqTan Sexvedra kvlav Sedga 1057 wels. amjerad ukve axali
braldeba wamoayenes berZnebma qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg – `viTar ese
meufeo, romel eklesiani da mRvdelT-moZRvarni qarTlisani ara romlisa
patriarqsa xelmwifebasa queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni wesni maT mier
ganegebian da TviT daismen kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa da ara samarTal ars
ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa da
jer ars, raTa qalaqsa amas RmrTisasa da saydarsa mociqulTa Tavisasa
daemorCilon da amassa xelmwifebasa queSe iyvnen. rameTu naTesavi ars
umecari da samwysoi mcire da Cuenda maxlobelad arian da jer ars, raTa
xelmwifebasa queSe antioqieli patriarqisasa imwysebodian da aqa
ikurTxeodis kaTalikozi maTi da viyvneT Cuen erT samwyso da erT mwyems~ . 214
am moxsenebidan Cans Semdegi: 1. antioqielTa SexedulebiT, avtokefaluria
mxolod im qveynis eklesia, romelSic iqadaga qristes Tormet mociqulTagan
erT-erTma; 2. qarTuli eklesia XI s.-is 50-ian wlebSi, faqtobrivad,
avtokefaluria, radganac arc erT ucxoel patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba; 3.
saqarTveloSi yovelive saeklesio sakiTxi adgilzeve wydeba ucxoelTa
Caurevlad; 4. saqarTvelos kaTalikosis arCeva da saydarze dasma xdeba
adgilzeve ucxo eklesiis Caurevlad.
antioqielebs ki surT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis SebRalva. Cans,
antioqiaSi petre III-sa da qarTuli delegaciis molaparakebaTa SedegebiT
ukmayofilo pirebs surdaT revanSi aeRoT axali patriarqis Teodosis dros
da gaeuqmebinaT miRweuli SeTanxmeba. amitomac es pirebi ar zogavdnen
saSualebas qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg. jer mas brali dasdes
mwvaleblobaSi, Semdeg ki saeklesio kanonebis darRvevaSi, radganac Tuki
saqarTveloSi ar uqadagia mociquls, mas ufleba ar hqonda avtokefaliisa.
igi kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, unda damorCileboda
mociqulTa mier daarsebul sxva romelime samociqulo eklesias. giorgi
mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni `mimosvlaБ andrea mociqulisaБ~, romlidanac
Canda, rom andria pirvelwodebulma saqarTveloSi iqadaga. es ukve sakmarisi
iuridiuli safuZveli iyo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis
uflebisaTvis, e.i. am wignma srulebiT daakmayofila patriarqi Teodosi, igi
darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis kanonierebaSi.
Cvens istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba TiTqosda giorgi
mTawmidelma ver SeZlo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis ganmamtkicebeli
berZnuli wyaroebis moZieba da man mxolod andrias saqarTveloSi qadageba
miuTiTa, rac sakmarisi ar iyoo. aseTi mosazreba arasworia, saqme isaa, rom
rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, imJamindeli SexedulebiT avtokefalurad
miiCneoda mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi. maSasadame, giorgi
mTawmidelis cnoba sruliad sakmao iyo. mas damatebiTi cnobebi ar
esaWiroeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samtkiceblad. am cnobiT
antioqiuri mxare rom dakmayofilda, Cans giorgi mTawmidelis SepasuxebiT
krebis monawileebisadmi: `wmidao meufeo, Sen ambob, rom mociqulTa Tavis
petres saydarze vzivaro, xolo Cven, qarTvelebi varT qristesTan petres
momwodeblis, andria pirvelwodebulis, samwyso, mis mier moqceulni da
ganaTlebulni. mis garda, Tormet mociqulTagan erT-erTi simon kananeli
Cvens qveyanaSi, afxazeTSi, kerZod ki nikofsiaSia dakrZaluli. am wmida
mociqulebis ganaTlebulebi varT da `vinaiTgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies,
arRara uar-gviyofies da arc odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi
Cueni da yovelTa uaris myofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCvenebT da vswyevT.
amas safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda
wmidaTa maT mociqulTasa mtkice varT. aw ukueTu jer-ars, dagvemorCileT...
Suenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa daemorCilos, rameTu petresi
jer ars, raTa daemorCilos mwodebelsa Tvissa da Zmasa andreas da raБTa
Tqven Cuen dagvemorCilneT ...iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina
marTlmadidebloba ara ipoeboda da ioane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas ikurTxa
episkoposad, viTarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~215.
am sityvam sruliad daakmayofila antioqiis patriarqi da iq Sekrebili
episkoposebi, ufro metic, Sexvedra dasrulda RimiliT: `ganiRima patriarqman
da hrqua mRvdelmoZRvarTa maT da ersa: `xedavTa bersa amas, viTar marto
esodensa simravlesa gverevis. vekrZalneT nuukue winaaRmdgomi SegvamTxvios
da ara xolo sityvai, aramed saqmiT gvimravlos Zleulebai Cueni da
dagvimrwemnes da dagvimremlnes~216.
 mTawmidelma daamtkica, rom qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia andria
pirvelwodebulis mier. andriam Tavis droze mouwoda Tavis Zmas petres da
igi gadaaqcia qristes mowafed, amasTanave, andria iyo ufrosi Zma, romelsac
emorCileboda petre, amitomac Tuki kanonierebaze midga saqme, swored andrias
dafuZnebul saydars unda daemorCilos petres mier daarsebuli saydari,
antioqia saqarTvelos daemorCiloso. swored amitom gaiRima patriarqma da
uTxra Tavis episkoposebs, moerideT, TviTon Cven ar gvaqcios
damorCilebulad, anu `mrwemebad~ da Tavis mrevlado _ `dagvimrwemnes da
dagvimremlnes~ (sityva `mrwemidanaa~ – `umrwemesi~, misi antonimia – `uxucesi~.
e.i. patara, damorCilebuli da udidesi, mmarTveli).
amiT antioqiaSi giorgi mTawmidelma srulebiT moagvara qarTuli
eklesiis saqme. 1054-1057 wlebis molaparakebani bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris
saxelmwifoebrivTan erTad ixilavda qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxsac da mas
Sedegad mohyva qarTuli eklesiis devnis Sewyveta bizantiis eklesiaSi.
ganvixiloT Tu rogor esmodaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi
giorgi mTawmidelsa da mis Semdeg moRvaweebs.
patriarq Teodosisadmi giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxidan Cans Semdegi: 1.
qarTveli eri qristianobaze moaqcia TviTon mociqulma; 2. qarTveli eri
mociqulTa samwysoa; 3. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblebi arian
mociqulebi; 4. radganac qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia mociqulTa mier, igi
avtokefaluri iyo daarsebisTanave, iseve, rogorc mociqulTa mier
daarsebuli eklesiebi saerTod. giorgi mTawmidelis am mosazrebebs antioqiis
sapatriarqoSi daeTanxmnen. giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, qarTuli eklesia
avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa epoqidanve, e.i. I-II saukuneebidanve. Tu ra
kanonikuri safuZveli edo giorgi mTawmidelis aseT Tvalsazriss, amis
Sesaxeb msjeloba mocemulia am werilis Sesaval nawilSi. magram arsebobda
Tu ara qarTuli eklesia I-II saukuneebSi? werilobiT wyaroebs adasturebs
arqeologiuri monacemebi, rom II-III saukuneebSi CvenSi cxovrobdnen
qristianebi, maTi mcirericxovani Temebi, isini iyvnen mociqulebrivi madlis
matareblebi. maSasadame, im dros, roca IV saukuneSi gaqristianda mTeli
qarTveli eri da daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli mZlavri saeklesio
organizacia, mas mociqulebrivi madli gadasces im Zvelma qarTulma
qristianulma Temebma, romelnic iqamdec arsebobdnen da TavianT saTaves
iRebdnen mociqulebidan. IV saukunis dasawyisSi, roca daarsda qarTuli
eklesia, imperiaSi jer kidev arsebobda mravali avtokefaluri patara
eklesia, romelTa TavisTavadobas icavda saeklesio kanonebi, erTi aseTi
kanoni gamosca 381 wlis II msoflio krebam. igive daadastura III msoflio
krebamac. mxolod V saukunis bolodan da VI saukuneSi dakanonda patara
eklesiebis avtokefaliebis gauqmebis praqtika. maSasadame, I-III Tu IV s-is
dasawyisSi dafuZnebuli qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri unda yofiliyo
daarsebisTanave imperiaSi moqmedi da iqamde Catarebuli krebebis kanonTa
Tanaxmad. mxolod V-VII saukuneebSi unda damuqreboda mis avtokefalias
safrTxe. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi mTawmideli, romelsac
gamoCenil istorikosad Tvlida ivane javaxiSvili, miiCnevda, rom qarTuli
eklesia avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa droidan, mis am SexedulebaSi
gasakviri araferi iyo, radganac igive Sexeduleba hqondaT antioqiaSi da
igive Sexedulebaa, faqtobrivad, dafiqsirebuli (I, II, III) msoflio krebebis
pirvel kanonebSi.
 giorgi mTawmidelis mosazrebas, rom qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave
avtokefaluri iyo, TiTqosda eTanadeba is, rom saukuneTa manZilze ar
moiZebna arc erTi berZnuli Tu sxva wyaro, romelic gamokveTilad
miuTiTebda qarTuli eklesiis romelime ucxo eklesiisadmi daqvemdebarebas.
wyaroTa moZiebis mxriv didi samuSao Caatara efrem mcirem XI saukeneSi.
man mxolod erTi wyaro moiZia, romelic miuTiTebda iberiis eklesiis
berZnuli eklesiisagan ganTavisuflebas VIII saukuneSi, magram, rogorc Cveni
Tanamedrive istorikosis v. goilaZis gamokvlevam aCvena, es cnoba Seexeba ara
mcxeTis (e.i. qarTuli saeklesio centris) eklesiis, aramed dasavleT
saqarTvelos im nawilis (e.i. qvemo iberiis, Semdgom afxazeTis samefos erTi
kuTxis) mier avtokefaliis mopovebas, romelic VII s-is dasawyisSi CamoaSores
mcxeTis eklesias da Seiyvanes berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. mas, rogorc
efremis cnoba miuTiTebs, VIII s-Si miuRia berZnebisagan saeklesio
ganTavisuflebis damadasturebeli cnoba da kvlav dabrunebia qarTuli
dedaeklesiis wiaRs.
arc balsamonis zemoT ganxiluli cnoba gamodgeba imis damadastureblad,
rom qarTulma eklesiam XI s.-Si miiRo avtokefalia, am dros Cveni eklesia
ukve avtokefaluri iyo, rac ganxilulia zemoT.
ivane javaxiSvilma qarTuli eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnia V saukunidan,
mis xelT ar yofila amis damadasturebeli arc erTi pirdapiri sabuTi, arc
berZnuli da arc qarTuli. rogorc garkveulia, man aseTi varaudi daafuZna
Tavisi mosazrebis, rom `vaxtang gorgasalisagan saqarTveloSi kaTalikosobis
daweseba qarTuli eklesiis mier damoukideblobis mopovebas niSnavda~217.
maSasadame, igi iseve, rogorc sxva mecnierebi, miiCnevs, rom `kaTalikosi~ –
avtokefaluri eklesiis meTaurs ewodeboda Zvel dros da radgan qarTul
eklesias saTaveSi kaTalikosi Caudga V saukuneSi, igi am droidan
avtokefaluri gaxda. am Tvalsazrisis gansamtkiceblad gamoiyenes balsamonis
aRniSnuli cnoba, romelSic antioqiis patriarqi petrea dasaxelebuli. es
petre miiCnies V saukunis patriarq petre fulonad da mas daukavSires
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis miniWeba. e.i. V saukunisaTvis qarTuli
eklesiis mier avtokefaliis miniWebis Teoria ar efuZneba mtkice sabuTebs da
ufro varaudzea agebuli, xolo giorgi mTawmidelis Teoria, rom qarTuli
eklesia daarsebidanve avtokefaluri iyo, pirvel msoflio krebaTa kanonebs,
qalkedonis krebamde msoflioSi arsebul saeklesio kanonebs efuZneba.
aRsaniSnavia ramdenime momenti. zogierTi didi qarTveli istorikosi
miiCnevda, rom saqarTveloSi V saukunemde mxolod erTi episkoposi
moqmedebda, da mxolod sakaTalikosos warmoSobis Semdeg moeqca
kaTalikosis xelqveiT ramdenime episkoposi. es mosazreba amJamad mTlianad
araa gaziarebuli. kaTalikosobis dawyebamde saqarTveloSi iyvnen
episkoposebi, romlebic im TavisTavadobiT sargeblobdnen, romelic miRebuli
iyo sazogadod Zvel eklesiaSi saepiskoposoTa mimarT. garda amisa, swored
avtokefaliis sakiTxTa udidesi mcodne Teodore balsamoni, romelime
eklesiis avtokefalias akavSirebda ara termin `kaTalikosTan~, aramed
`arqiepiskoposTan~. igi rogorc kviprosis, ise iberiis eklesiis avtokefalias
akavSirebda am eklesiaTa meTaurebis arqiepiskoposebis TavisTavad xarisx-
pativSi asvlasTan: magaliTad, `bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana
iustiniane mefem... kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio
krebam... iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis
dadgenilebam~218.
rogorc Cans, ivane javaxiSvili da sxvebi kaTalikoss aigivebdnen
arqiepiskoposTan, romelsac ramdenime episkoposi eqvemdebareboda, magram
uZvelesi qarTuli wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive meTaurs
`arqiepiskoposad~ moixsenieben. aseve miiCneven, rom saqarTveloSi ara erTi,
aramed mravali episkoposi arsebobda kaTalikosobis dawesebamde. mefe
mirianma Tavis gardacvalebis dros mouxmo episkoposebs `davedra
episkoposTa~, vaxtang gorgasals ucxoeTidan dabrunebis Semdeg Seegebnen
`episkoposni~ kaTalikosobis daarsebamde. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im
damokidebulebas, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda ara aseuli, aramed
aTaswleulis manZilze petre fulonis mimarT, albaT, masTan qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis dakavSireba gaugebrobad da Seuracxyofad
CaiTvleboda.
saqme isaa, rom petre fuloni, anu petre mkawvreli iyo monofizitobis
eresiarqi, didad SeZulebuli qarTvel mamaTa mier. udidesi siamayis sagnad
miaCndaT is, rom petre fuloni `mTavarepiskoposma~ miqaelma da qarTvelma
episkoposebma Caqoles saqarTveloSi jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde.
ucnobia istoriulia Tu ara es faqti, magram cnobilia is, rom aTaswleulis
manZilze qvemo qarTlSi qvebis grova, romlis ZirSic `migdebuli iyo~
Caqolili monofiziti patriarqi petre, miiCneoda qarTuli
marTlmadideblobis cocxal Zeglad . 1
petre mkawvreli Tavisi wvalebis gasavrceleblad Camovida qarTlSi `da
mouwoda netar miqaels kaTalikozsa qarTlisasa... miqael warmovida mcxeTiT
mis queSeTa epikoposTa Tana da mRvdelTa Tana da erisa morwmunisa~, miqaelma
da episkoposebma, rogorc iTqva, qvebiT mokles, Caqoles petre fuloni
`mokles mgeli igi da Seeracxaa maT simarTled~219.
aqedan Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli tradiciiT kaTalikosobis dawyebamde
qarTlSi episkoposTa simravle arsebobda. pirvel kaTalikosad miCneulia
petre, magram Cveni wyaro kaTalikoss uwodebs mis wina arqiepiskopos
miqaelsac. kaTalikoss uwodebs agreTve ruis-urbnisis kreba da efrem mcire
IV saukunidanve qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebs. qarTvel arqiepiskoposs miqaels
petres kaTalikosad arCevamde mouklavs petre fuloni, maSasadame, qarTuli
saeklesio tradicia ar miiCnevda petre fulons petre kaTalikosis
makurTxevlad, radganac am ukanasknelis kaTalikosad arCevisas petre ukve
mkvdari yofila. sxva aseTi Seusabamobanic arsebobs.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, faqtia is, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis V
saukuneSi miRebis damadasturebeli ucxouri wyaroebi ar moipoveba.
saeklesio tradicia, romlis saukeTeso gamomxatveli iyo giorgi mTawmideli,
Tvlida, rom qarTul eklesias ar esaWiroeboda Zieba avtokefaliisa,
radganac igi daarsebidanve avtokefaluri iyo. amitomac arc arsebobda
ucxouri wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. xolo efrem
mcires mier mocemuli cnobebi Seexeboda ara mTlianad qarTul eklesias
(mcxeTis eklesias), aramed qarTuli eklesiis erT nawils.
aqve unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb pirdapiri
ucxouri wyaroebis ararsebobis, anda arasakmarisad arsebobis gamo mecnierTa
Soris sufevda da sufevs dabneuloba. erTni, magaliTad, m. TamaraSvili, mari
brose, d. baqraZe, v. goilaZe, s. gorgaZe da sxvebi, Tvlian, rom qarTulma
eklesiam avtokefalia miiRo petre fulonis dros da igia balsamonis mier
moxseniebuli antioqieli patriarqi petre220, meoreni ki _ m. breki, k. cincaZe,
m. kelenjeriZe, T. Jordania, ev. nikolaZe da sxvebi Tvlian, rom qarTulma
eklesiam avtokefalia moipova XI saukuneebSi antioqiis petre III-is dros da
igia balsamonis mier moxseniebuli patriarqi petre221.
zogierTi mecnieri ki fiqrobda, rom qarTulma eklesiam ramdenjerme
moipova avtokefalia. magaliTad, babilina lominaZe miiCnevs, rom qarTulma
eklesiam samjer moipova avtokefalia V, VIII da XI saukuneebSi. aRsaniSnavia,
rom v. goilaZis gamokvlevebiT, ivane javaxiSvilsac V s.-Si mopovebuli
avtokefalia, Cans, arasrulad miaCnda da Tvlida, rom sabolood qarTul
eklesias avtokefalia miuRia XI saukuneSi, balsamonis mier moxseniebuli
antioqieli patriarqis petre III-is dros222.
sabolood unda iTqvas, rom albaT marTali iyo wmida giorgi mTawmideli,
roca gamoxatavda Zvel saeklesio Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTul
eklesias ar esaWiroeboda Zieba avtokefaliisa da igi avtokefaluri iyo
daarsebisTanave.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1056-1057 wlebSi antioqiaSi sapatriaqo karze,
antioqiis patriarqTa da episkoposTa monawileobiT marTlac Catarebula
Sexvedra-krebebi qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebze, da am dros qarTul eklesias
mianiWes ara avtokefalia, aramed aRiarebul iqna qarTuli eklesiis iqamde
arsebuli yvela, maT Soris _ sapatriarqo Rirsebac. konstantinopolsa da
antioqiaSi 1054-1057 wlebSi Catarebulma Sexvedrebma moxsna qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli yovelgvari braldeba, aRiarebul iqna qarTuli
eklesiis uflebebi, ris Sedegadac Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis da saeklesio
moRvaweTa devna mTel bizantiis imperiaSi. saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris
damyarda megobruli urTierToba, romelic Semdgom aRarasodes darRveula.

9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1058 w.).

saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is dros samefos dedaqalaq quTaisSi Sedga

kreba. masze Sekrebilma eklesiis umaRlesma ierarqebma ganixiles erTi
saeklesio sadavo sakiTxi, amitomac SesaZlebelia am krebas saeklesio
vuwodoT, Tumca ki igi Sedga samefo sasaxleSi `darbazis karze~.
bagrat IV werda: `... Sevkriben karsa darbazisa Cuenisasa mRvdel-moZRvarni,
erisTavT-erisTavni, erisTavni da yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da quemoTa aznaurni,
mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani da davsxeniT winaSe Cuensa~223.
darbazs eZaxdnen samefo sasaxlis im oTaxs, sadac saxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvnelobis saqmeTa gamo mefis TandaswrebiT sxdoma imarTeboda xolme,
amitomac `darbazi~ Semdgom ewoda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos uzenaes
organos224.
 samefo darbazis wevrebad yofilan umaRlesi samRvdeloebisa da saero
xelisufalTa warmomadgenlebi iurist aznaurebTan erTad225. am ukanasknelT
`mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ ewodebodaT.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom `xelmwifis karis garigebis cnobiTac
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebs eswrebodnen vazirebi TavianTi
TanaSemweebiTurT, umaRlesi samRvdeloeba kaTalikozisa da moZRvarT-
moZRvris meTaurobiT, mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvarni, saqveynod
gamrigeTagan _ ki ufrosi moxeleebi~226.
`darbazis kars~ araTu ufleba hqonia gaerCia saeklesio sakiTxebi, aramed,
rogorc Tamaris istorikosi wers: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni
eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisa da yovlisa saeklesioisa gansagebelsa
darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sueniersa
da dawyobilsa keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~227.
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis uzenaesi organo `darbazis kari~ kanonmdebeli
yofila eklesiisTvisac, ivane javaxiSvils `qarTlis cxovrebis~ aRniSnuli
cnoba gazviadebulad miaCnia, radganac samRvdeloeba Tavis sferoSi
damoukideblad moqmedebda, magram radganac `darbazis karze~ saero
saqmeTaTvisac ki uzenaesi kanonmdebeli mefesTan erTad eklesiis umaRlesi
ierarqia _ `saeklesio mTavroba~ iyo, amitomac am cnobas SeiZleba vendoT da
ar miviCnioT romelime kerZo SemTxvevad.
saerTod, saeklesio krebas mefe iwvevda. ase moqceula guaram mamfali,
daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, Tumca iyo gamonaklisic, saeklesio krebis
gamarTva `qarTvel samRvdeloebas mefis daukiTxavadac SeeZlo, swored TviT
mefis winaaRmdegac Sekrebiliyo. aseTi Tvisebis iyo, magaliTad, saeklesio
kreba giorgi III-is dros228. mefis winaaRmdegve iyo mimarTuli 1263 w. axali
drois saeklesio krebis dadgenileba da ueWvelia mefis nebadaurTvelad
iqneboda Seyrili~229. Cveulebriv ki, roca eklesiasa da mTavrobas Soris
uTanxmoeba ar arsebobda, saeklesio krebis Seyris brZanebis gamcemi mefe iyo
xolme~230.
marTalia, krebas mefe iwvevda da igi krebas eswreboda sxva saero
xelisuflebTan erTad, magram saeklesio sakiTxTa garCevis dros `mefes ukve
araviTari ufleba ar hqonda sja-baasSi monawileobis miRebisa~231. kreba
iRebda dadgenilebas _ gadawyvetilebas, mas gadascemdnen mefes da mefe
valdebuli iyo igi aesrulebina. `amgvarad saeklesio krebas gangebis
xelisufleba hqonda, mefes kidev aRmasrulebeli~228.
saqarTvelos mefes piradad, erTpirovnulad neba ar hqonda kanonis
gamocemisa, marTalia, `saqarTvelos mefis uzenaes uflebas samarTlis dadeba
da qmna, anu kanonmdebloba da uzenaesi marTlmsajuleba Seadgenda, magram
marto TviTon mefes saqarTveloSi aras dros axali kanoni ar daudvia,
aramed yovelTvis darbazis erTa TanamSromlobiTa da ganCinebiT~232.
maSasadame, saqarTveloSi kanonmdebelni iyvnen `darbazis erni~, anu
darbaiselni. maT Soris Tanamdebobrivad upirvelesni iyvnen `kaTalikozni,
Wyondideli, moZRvarT-moZRvari~ da sxva sasuliero, agreTve, cxadia, saero
pirebi `xelosanni~ da `uxeloni~. maSasadame, saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi
wodebis mqone mRvdelmTavrebi, maT Soris qarTlisa da afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
kanonmdebelni iyvnen da sxva darbaislebTan erTad, cxadia, mefis
xelisuflebis qveS. amitomac araa gasakviri mematianis sityva imis Sesaxeb,
rom eklesia `saeklesio gansagebelsa darbazis kariT miiRebdin~, darbazis
karis mowvevis dros iq mudam imyofeboda qarTuli eklesiis sinodi _
kaTalikozebi da umaRlesi mRvdelmTavrebi. amitomac SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom
darbazi saeklesio sakiTxTa gadaWris dros warmoadgenda sinods, anu
eklesiis kanonmdebels, xolo saero, saqveyno saqmis gadaWris dros
Cveulebriv saxelmwifo sakanonmdeblo organos. mefes Sesabamis aparatTan
erTad aRmasrulebeli funqciebi ekisreboda. mefe erT SemTxvevaSi
kanonmdebels warmoadgenda darbazTan erTad, meore SemTxvevaSi ki _
aRmasrulebels mTavrobis wevrebTan erTad.
amgvari mdgomareobis gamo samxreT saqarTveloSi mdebare opizisa da
mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris sadavo sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad mefe bagrat
IV-s mouwvevia darbazi. rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio sakiTxTa gadaWris dros
darbazi warmoadgenda saeklesio krebas. opizisa da mijnaZoris monastrebi
erTmaneTs miwa-wylis sazRvars edavebodnen. orive mxares hqonda Tavisi
simarTlis damamtkicebeli sabuTebi, arqanjelo lambertis Cauweria samxreT
saqarTveloSi gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac iSxanis taZari barTlome
mociqulis mier daarsebulad miiCneoda, maSasadame, mxarec mis mier iqneboda
moqceuli. mijnaZorelebs bagrat mefis karze wmida barTlome mociqulis
nawilebi CausvenebiaT wmida petresa da pavles xatebTan erTad. TavianTi
simarTlis dasamtkiceblad miutaniaT gurgen erisTavTa erisTavis, gurgen
mefeT mefis, bagrat kurapalatisa da bagrat IV-is mamis mefe giorgis mier
gacemuli sigelebi, damowmebulni kaTalikosTa da mRvdelmTavarTa mier.
opizel berebs mxolod guaram mamfalis mier dawerili sabuTi hqoniaT.
rogorc aRiniSna, ori monasteri erTmaneTs `ebrZoda~ `tyeTa da
zRvarTaTvis~. mefe wers, _ `Cuen ese SfoTi maTi gvimZimda, ravden igini
wmidani udabnoni mSvidobisa da dawynarebisa da Cuen mefeTa locvisaTvis
aRSenebulni arian~233.
darbazze, romelTa wevrebis Sesaxeb zemoT visaubreT, mousmeniaT orive
monastris sabuTebi _ `dawerilebi~, Semdgom mousmines TiToeuli mxaris
warmomadgenels. mijnaZorelebs mravali mefis da xelisuflis mier
damtkicebuli sabuTi hqondaT _ `xelni amaTni mravalni da mtkiceni iyvnen~1,
xolo opizrebs mxolod erTi _ guaram mamfalisa. gardasul mefeTa da
xelisufalTa mier gacemuli wyalobis (Sewirulobis) darRvevas, Cans, erqva
`gatexa~. darbazsa da mefes ar unebebiaT maTi `gatexa~, radganac miiCneoda,
rom es Zveli, aw ukve gardacvlili mwyaloblebis `suls daamZimebda~.
maSasadame, mijnaZorelebs darbazobaze gaumarjviaT, xolo opizelebi
damarcxebulan. mefe wers, ar gvindoda, rom `opizarni unugeSiniscemod
gagveSvnes, igini Sewuxdeboden da Cven bralad SevinaxeT~. maTi
`gulsavsobisaTvis~ mefes gadauwyvetia mieca damarcxebuli monastrisaTvis
sakuTari sofeli birevani. Cans, am soflis Semosavali xmardeboda mefis erT-
erTi `samamasaxloisosa samsaxurebelsa~, e.i. samamasaxlisos xarjebs. amis
Semdeg am soflis Semosavali moxmardeboda opizeli berebis trapezs. mieca
maT `satrapezod~. es brZaneba mefisa unda daemtkicebina qarTlis
kaTalikozs, mRvdelmTavrebs, saerodan ki Semdgomi Taobis mefeebs, erisTavT
erisTavebs, `taoisa da klarjeTis tanuterebs~ da sxvebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom
taosa da klarjeTSi Zveli droidan SemorCenila somxuri samoxeleo termini,
magaliTad, `tanuteri~ da sxva, magram tao-klarjeTSi mdebare aRniSnuli
monastris sadavo miwaze arsebuli toponimebi sruliad qarTulia: `samwyuris
wyali, SavSeTis wyali, tixaris klde, eJvanTa qedi, didubis xerTvisi,
saqaTmis kari, erT-kari, salesvelTa~. aqedan unda vifiqroT, rom toponimebi
Zvel dros somxurenovani rom yofiliyo, Seucvlelad Zveleburadve
darCeboda sigelis daweris droisaTvis, iseve rogorc ucvleli darCa
somxurenovani samoxeleo termini _ tanuteri. es ukanaskneli, Cans, taosa da
mimdebare qarTuliш mxareebis somxeTis saxelmwifoSi yofnis droidan
SemorCenila (VI-VII ss.). qarTulenovani toponimebi mxareTa mosaxleobis
eTnikur qarTvelobaze miuTiTebs im drosac, roca isini saqarTvelosTan jer
kidev ar iyvnen gaerTianebulni.
bagrat IV-is aRniSnul sigelSi naTqvamia, rom darbazis krebaze
Seikribnen `yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da qvemoTa aznaurni~234. `zemo saqarTvelo~
_ zemo qveyana aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erqva. 1786 wlis wyalobis wignSi
anton I kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs `zemoisa saqarTvelos~ kaTalikos-patriarqs
uwodebs235.
dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo~ erqva, xolo erTad orive saqarTvelos (e.
i. zemosa da qvemos) _ `orTave saqarTvelo~ - 1786 wlis wyalobis wigns
amtkicebs `orTave saqarTvelos ufliswuli mefis Ze giorgi~236.
1790 wels Sedgenil `erTobis~ traqtatSi `qvemo iveria~ ewodeba dasavleT
saqarTvelos `... garwmunebT yovlisa saimereTosa mefesa... mTavarsa odiSisa...
mTavarsa... guriisa da erTobiT TavadTa, aznaurTa da erTa qvemoisa
iveriisaTa~237.
amave dokumentSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iveria~ ewodeba _
`garwmunebT umaRlessa mefesa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da sxvaTa... TavadTa
keTilSobilTa erTa zemoisa iveriisaTa~238.
saerTod, saukuneTa manZilze saqarTvelos or geografiul `zemo da
qvemo~ nawilebad yofdnen _ `zemos~ XII s-is Semdgom Seesabameboda `ameri~,
`qvemos~ ki _ `imeri~.
axlad gaerTianebuli saqarTvelo XI saukuneSi Sedgeboda ori
samefosagan. eseni iyvnen `afxazTa samefo~ da `qarTvelTa samefo~. bagrat III
am ori samefos xelmwife iyo, xolo dedaqalaqi quTaisSi imyofeboda.
siadvilisaTvis erT samefos `qvemo mamuls~ uwodebdnen, meores ki `zemos~ _
`zedais kerZs~, quTaisis eklesiis kurTxevis dros `Semoikribna... yovelni
didebulni zemoni da qvemoni mamulisa da samefosa missa myofni~239. liparit
baRvaSma berZenTa daxmarebiT bagrat IV-s waarTva aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
yvela mTavari cixesimagre _ artanuji, yveli, ufliscixe, birTvisi, kldekari.
mematianis azriT, lipariti aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mflobelad iqca _
`moirWuna liparit zemosa qveyanasa da aRixuna cixeni~240; `liparit moirWuna
zemosa kerZsa dauflebad~241, Tu mTel aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, anu `zemo
qveyanas~ daeufla lipariti, raRa darCa mefes? mematiane pasuxobs, _ `xolo
bagrats aqunda qvemoTi dawyobiT~241 maSasadame, lixs qvemoTi qveyana, anu
`qvemo saqarTvelo~ mefes darCa imJamad, magram Semdgom lipariti damarcxda,
amitomac bagrat IV `eufla zemosa da qvemosa Tavis mamulsa~242, amitomac,
rodesac bagrat IV opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris davis gadaWris
Semdeg, wers - `Sevkriben... yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da qvemoTa aznaurni~, aq
`zemos~ qveS, rogorc aRiniSna, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebare mamulebi,
anu xevebi igulisxmeba, xolo `qvemoTas~ qveS dasavleT saqarTveloSi _
lixis qedis qvemoT mdebare xevebis mamulebi. daviT aRmaSenebelma uanderZa
Tavis Svils demetres saganZurni `mivec saWurWleni Cemni zemoni da
qvemoni~243. e. i. mefes ori `saWurWle~, anu saganZuri hqonia, erTi zemo, anu
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, meore `qvemo~ - dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
`zemo da qvemo~, `imeri da ameri~ mraval dokumentSi gvxvdeba, es eklesiis
istoriisaTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom qarTlis sakaTalikosos ucxoelebi
`zemo iveriis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos ki
`qvemo iveriis saarqiepiskoposos~244.
saqarTvelos nawilebs `zemo~ da `qvemo~ unda darqmeoda ara gaerTianebis
epoqaSi, aramed uZveles drosve, magaliTad, n. berZeniSvili qarTlis
cxovrebaSi daculi VII s-is Sesabamisi cnobis _ `SeiTqves yovelni erisTavni
qarTlisani zemoni da qvemoni245, wers: `gvaqvs sabuTi vifiqroT `zemoni~-Si
igulisxmeboda qarTlis erisTavebi, `qvemoni~-Si egrisis, aragveTis da
egriswyals qvemoTi~246.
quTaisis saeklesio krebam, romelsac aRmosavleT-dasavleT
saqarTvelodan mowveuli iuristebi (`mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~) da
sasuliero pirebi eswrebodnen, miukerZoeblad gadaWra dasmuli saeklesio
sakiTxi.

[1054/1072]. sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar da mijnaZorel mamebisadmi

[teqsti]

[mo]vides C(ue)n w(inaS)e quTaTis, saxlsa samkuidrebelsa C(ue)nsa, ese mamani mijnaZorelni da
mamani opizarni.
da moiyvanes mijnaZorelTa xatni w(mi)daTa mociqulTa p(e)tr(e)si da
p(a)vl(e)si da nawilni w(mi)disa barTlome mociqulisani, da moixunes sigelni
gurgen e(risTavT)-e(risTav)isa, gurgen mefeTa-mefisai, papaisa Cemisa b(a)g(ra)t
kurapalatisai da mamisa Cemisa g(iorg)i mefisai, r(om)liTa igi tyeni da
zRvarni mijnaZorisaTuis daemtkicnes da krulobiTa mowmobani kaTalikozTa
da mRvdelT-moZRuarTani.
da moiRes opizarTa dawerili guaram mamflisai, r(om)liTa mas tyesa da
zRvarsa mijnaZorelTa erCodes da amaT mijnaZoroisa sigelTa Sina guaram
mamflisa dawerili, r(ome)l opizarTaTuis dauweria, ara Гsenebul iyo arca
damtkicebulad da arca gardagdebulad.
da C(ue)n ese SfoTi maTi guimZimda, ravden igi w(mi)dani udabnoni
mSuidobisa da dawynarebisa da C(ue)n mefeTa locvisaTuis aRSenebulni arian.
da guls-midgina R(merTma)n da madlman maT w(mi)d(a)Ta man da Гelvyav
xarkebiT sauravsa maTsa: Sevkriben karsa darbazisa C(ue)nisasa mRdelT-
moZRuarni, e(risTavT)-e(risTav)ni, erisTavni da y(ove)lTa ГevTa zemoTa da
quemoTa aznaurni, mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani da davsxeniT w(inaS)e C(ue)nsa.
da wavikiTxeniT maTnica da maTnica dawerilni da r(ome)li sityuis gebai iyo
maT Soris, movismineT. da samarTlad ese gavigoneT, r(ome)l Гelni amaTni
mr(a)v(a)lni da mtkiceni iyunes da C(ue)ngan maTi gatexai ara jer-iyo, da
sulsa maT pirvelTa mefeTasa ara davamZimebdiT. da Tumca opizarni
unugeSiniscemod gagueSnes, igini Sewuxdebodes, da ese C(ue)n bralad
SevinaxeT.
da aw salocvelad mefobisa Cemisa da Svilisa Cemisa g(iorg)i
kurapalatisa da salocvelad sulsa maT pirvelTa mefeTasa esreT ganvage da
davamtkice saqme maTi: tyeni da zRvarni amaTni, viTa maT pirvelTa mefeTa
dawerilTa sigelTa Sigan uwerian, niSniT zRvarni; samxriT-samwyrisa wyali,
viTa SavSeTisa wyalsa CaerTvis, da tixaris klde da qed-qedi viTa wavals;
dasavliT – eJuanTa qedi; da CrdiloiT-didubisa xerTvisi da saqaTmis kari,
viTa qed-qedi wavals, didi qedi erTkari. ese zRvarni mtkiceni arian
mijnaZoroelTa zeda da qedsa ameriT arai uc saqme da sasarCloi opizarTa,
salesvelTa saTibisagan kide.
da amisda nacvlad, r(aiTa)mca opizarnica gulsavse vyven, salocvelad
sulisa Cemisa Tavsave Cemsa davaTmine: aviRe samamasaxlisoisa samsaxureblisa
C(ue)nisagan barevani sofeli da mivec opizarTa satrapezod. da gardavswyuide
maT Soris sazidi da sarCeveli, r(aiT)a ese ornive w(mi)dani udabnoni
mSuidobiT da uSfoTvelad iyunen da mefobasa Cemsa da Zesa Cemsa g(iorg)i
kuparalatsa guilocviden da maT pirvelTa mefeTa maSenebelTa da
SemwirvelTaca ulocviden, r(aiT)a R(merTma)n, meoxebiTa maT w(mi)daTa
mociqulTaiTa da maTda mimarT vedrebiTa maT w(mi)daTa mamaTaTa, dResa mas
gankiTxvisasa, ulxinos codvilsa sulsa Cemsa, miГsnas s{a}sjelTagan
saukuneTa.
aw, vinca hnaxoT brZanebai da sigeli ese C(ue)ni: SemdgomTa C(ue)nTa
momavalTa mefeTa, e(risTavT)-e(risTav)Ta, taoisa da klarjeTisa tanuterTa
da y(ove)lTa ГelisufalTa da saqmis moqmedTa, daumtkiceT da nuvin Гel-
hyofT Slasa da Secvalebasa amissa!
da ukueTu vinme, rasaca Jamsa, raica guari kaci, didi gina mcire, adges da
amas naqmarsa C(ue)nsa aqcevdes, ga-mca-urisxdebis mamai, Ze da suli w(mi)dai. da
esemca w(mi)dani mociqulni arian mosajulni sulisa misisani dResa mas
gankiTxvisasa. da Cemni bralni misgan iZien R(merTma)n!
da Tq(ue)n, w(mi)d(a)o meufeo qarTlisa k(aTalikozo), da w(mi)dano mRvdel-
moZRuarno, ujuaro[biTa daumtkiceT]247...
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178 w.)

Cvenamde moRweulia `sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi~

(daTariRebulia 1177-1178 wlebiT). sigelSi nabrZanebia, rom afxazTa,
qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefes giorgi III-s, romelsac agreTve
hqonda titulebi `SirvanSa~ da `SahanSa~, gaxelmwifebidan 21-e wels aujanyda
Zmiswuli. SeTqmuleba seriozuli iyo, magram igi CaaxSo: `cud qmna da daxsna~
man, romelic `mravalmowyalea da ar aviwydeba Tavisi qmnileba~, e. i. ufalma
RmerTma. uflisadmi madlobis niSnad mefem gadawyvita raRac didi sikeTe
mieniWebina saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, `samadlobeli raimca miemadleboda
RmrTeebasa missa~. mefem brZana `sadideblad RmrTeebisa misisad da keTilad
dacvisaTvis mefobisa Cuenisa da sulierad xsnisaTvis satanjulTaisa,
movigoneT eklesiaTa samefoisa CuenisaTa yovlisa begarisa usamarTloisa da
daWirebulisagan xsnai da ganTavisuflebai~248.
radganac mefes surda RmrTisadmi Sesawiravi gaeRo ara romelime erTi an
ori eklesiis sasargeblod, aramed sazogadod saqarTvelos mTeli
eklesiis samomavlo saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad, amitomac gadauwyvetia
moewvia saeklesio kreba, romelic daadgenda imJamad, Tu ra saWiroebas
iTxovda eklesia. marTlac, aRniSnul wels Semdgara saeklesio kreba,
romelsac gadauwyvetia eTxova mefisaTvis eklesiaTa usamarTlo
begarisagan gaTavisufleba. mefe krebis saxeliT ambobs: sasuliero pirebma
`gvibrZanes da mogvaxsenes daWirvebuloba eklesiaTaБ da ganryvnaБ
sasjulTa saqmeTaБ248, amitomac mefem krebis Txovna aRasrula da RmerTis
samadloblad krebis ganCineba aRasrula.
Cvens istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba TiTqosda gasaWiris Jams,
im dros, roca mefes aujanyda Zmiswuli, batoniSvili demna, saqarTvelos
saeklesio moRvaweebma moiwvies kreba. `es faqtobrivad sasuliero pirTa
seriozuli gamosvla iyo samefo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg... samRvdeloeba
Tavisi Zalauflebis gazrdas moiTxovda. saqarTvelos mefes sxva gamosavali
ar hqonda, iZulebuli gaxda daeTmo da krebis moTxovna Seuvalobis
(ZiriTadad unda vigulisxmoT sagadasaxado imuniteti) aRdgenis Taobaze
daekmayofilebina~249.
sigeli ar iZleva aseTi gancxadebis safuZvels. kreba Sedga ara ajanyebis
dros, aramed ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg. marTalia, SesaZlebelia romelime
kerZo sasuliero pirs monawileobac mieRo ajanyebaSi, magram zogadad
mTlian eklesias ar SeeZlo da arc inebebda mefis mterTa mxares dgomas,
pretenziebis gacxadebas mefis gasaWirSi yofnis Jams. mefe TviT eklesiis
mier iyo nakurTxi da, maSasadame, dalocvil-dadgenilic. mefes gamefebis Jams
mirons cxebdnen, igi mironcxebuli iyo eklesiis mier, anu Tavisi
mmarTvelobisas warmoadgenda RvTis madlis matarebels. mefes sulieri
mowiwebiT epyrobodnen ara mxolod misi politikuri zedamdgomlobis, aramed
misi cxebulobis, madlismatareblobis gamo. mefisadmi sulieri mowiweba
emsgavseboda kaTalikosis mimarT gamoxatul sulier krZalulobas.
rogorc iTqva, mefem gamarjvebis Semdeg ineba samadloblad RvTisadmi
wyalobis gaReba eklesiis sasargeblod. amis gamo moiwvia saeklesio kreba,
sigelSi ar aris pirdapiri miTiTeba amisa, magram sigelidan Cans, rom kreba
mefis mier aris mowveuli. kreba unda Semdgariyo samefo karze da es unda
yofiliyo darbazi gafarToebuli saxiT, `didi wesiT~, romelzedac
mowveulma saeklesio pirebma ganixiles saeklesio sakiTxi, amitomac SeiZleba
vuwodoT saeklesio kreba. samefo kari am droisaTvis TbilisSi iyo, amitomac
unda vifiqroT, rom kreba TbilisSi Catarda. mas SeiZleba pirobiTad
vuwodoT `Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba~, radganac TbilisSi Semdgomac iqna
mowveuli sxva krebebi, xolo iqamde TbilisSi Catarebul krebaTa Sesaxeb
cnobebi ara gvaqvs.
sigelSi nabrZanebia: `Sekrbes yovelni samefoisa Cuenisani monazonni da
ebiskoposni imerni da amerni, kaTalikozni, moZRvarni, da yovelni
meudabnoeni...~250.
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom sruliad saqarTvelos episkoposTa `imerTa
da amerTa~ Sekreba did iSviaTobas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos eklesiis da,
saerTod, saqarTvelos istoriaSi. msgavsi Sekreba xdeboda erTiani
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobisas didmniSvnelovani saxelmwifo, anda
saeklesio movlenis dros. magaliTad, mironis kurTxevisas, mefis
kurTxevisas. msgavsi saeklesio krebis dros yoveli eparqiis
(samRvdelTmoZRvros) episkoposs mikuTvnebuli hqonda Tavisi adgili
`jdomisa da dgomis~’ wesis Sesabamisad.
eklesiaSi wirva-locvis, liturgia-RvTismsaxurebis, SekrebaTa da
oficialuri purobis drosac ki episkoposebsa da samRvdelo pirebs
erTmaneTis mimarT nebismier adgilas dgomisa da jdomis ufleba ara aqvT.
amJamad pirveli mRvdelmTavris, anu kaTalikos-patriarqis, marjvena pirvel
adgilas unda dadges mis Semdeg eklesiaSi pirveli upiratesi piri, es
upiratesoba ganisazRvreba wodebiTa (mitropoliti, mTavarepiskoposi da a.S.)
da qirotoniiT (episkoposTa Soris is dadgeba pirvel adgilas, romelsac
ufro adre aqvs es wodeba miniWebuli). Zvel dros upiratesoba saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi ganisazRvreboda ara piradi wodebriobis upiratesobiT, aramed
kaTedris pativis upiratesobiT. magaliTad, SesaZloa manglelsa da walkel
episkoposebs Tanabari wodeba hqonodaT, magram mangleli upirates adgilas
unda damdgariyo misi kaTedrisadmi ZvelTaganve miniWebuli upiratesobis
ZaliT. es asaxuli iyo Sesabamis dokumentebSi, romlis mixedviTac
isazRvreboda mRvdelmTavarTa Tu moweseTa adgili Sekrebebis dros.
msgavsadve isazRvreboda adgili dgomisa da jdomisa samefo karze
moxeleTa Soris. `darbazobis dros mxolod gansazRvruls didebul
moxeleTa jgufs SeeZlo mefis winaSe mjdariyo, sxvebi unda mdgariyvnen. amas
garda amaT Sorisac, visac jdomis ufleba hqonda, zogs sasTaulis ufleba
hqonda, zogni usasTaulod unda msxdariyvnen, amis Sesaxeb garkveuli, mtkice
debuleba arsebobda, romelsac erqva `wesi jdomisa da dgomisa~251.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom jdomis uflebis mqone xelisufalni, Tavis
mxriv, ramdenime jgufad iyofodnen: `vazirebi oqroWedil selebze isxdnen,
danarCeni didi xelisufalni Cveulebriv sajdomebze, magram ufrosi maTgani
`sasTauliT~, e.i. baliSze, umcrosni, albaT, usasTaulod msxdaran.
TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom umaRlesi samRvdeloebis warmomadgenelni
Tamaris droindel darbazobaSiac monawileobas iRebdnen~252.
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ cnobiT, nebismieri saxelmwifoebrivi
sakiTxis garkvevisa da gadaWris dros darbazobas eswrebodnen `umaRlesi
samRvdeloeba, kaTalikozisa da moZRvarT-moZRvris meTaurobiT da
mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvarni~253.
saqarTvelos mefisa da qarTuli eklesiis ierarqiis
urTierTdamokidebuleba sasuliero TvalsazrisiT kargad Cans XIII saukuniT
daTariRebul dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `wesi da gangeba mefeT
kurTxevisa~.
romelime Sesabamisi pirovnebis mefed kurTxeva xdeboda wirvisas. mefis
kurTxevis wina dRiT, mwuxrisas, Seimoseboda mTavarepiskoposi (e. i. mwuxris
locvas mTavarepiskoposi aRasrulebda). mTavarepiskoposi Zvel saqarTveloSi
erqva mxolod im mRvdelmTavars, romelic ijda samTavros kaTedraze
mcxeTaSi. mwuxrisas Semosili mTavarepiskoposi Sesabamisi galobiTa da wesiT
gaemarTeboda mefis sasaxlisaken. sasaxleSi mTavarepiskoposi miiRebda mefis
gvirgvins, skiptras, porfirsa da bisons (es ori ukanaskneli iyo mefis
Sesamoseli). yovelive amas feSxumze dawyobilT miitandnen eklesiaSi da
daasvenebdnen trapezze. samefo kandidati, didebulebi da sxvebi Rames
sasaxleSi locviT gaaTenebdnen. meore dRes, diliT, Sesabamisi wesiT
sasaxleSi eklesiidan mividoda jvrismtvirTveli, romelic wesisamebr
miesalmeboda samefo kandidats. es iyo niSani, romlis Semdegac es
ukanaskneli unda wasuliyo eklesiaSi, samefo kandidats win miuZRoda zari,
droSa, Subi, Semdeg mihyvebodnen mTavardiakoni, jvrismtvirTveli da
mandaturTuxucesi, ukan edgnen ezoTuxucesi, CuxCeraxi, meabjreTuxucesi, mas
eWira mefis fari, laxti da qarqaSi, ukan modioda laSqari. mefis marjvniv
idga amirspasalari, mas samefo xmali orive xelze hqonda dasvenebuli. mis
siaxloves idgnen amilaxori da meabjreTuxucesi. mefis marcxniv idgnen
Wyondideli episkoposi da aTabagi.
eklesiis karebTan mefes miegebebodnen kaTalikosebi (qarTlisa da
afxazeTisa) da episkoposebi. afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosTa Soris
upiratesi iyo es ukanaskneli, radganac igi qarTlis kaTalikosobasTan erTad
agreTve iyo sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqic, amitomac igi miesalmeboda
samefo kandidats Sesabamisi sityvebiT. kandidati mdablad Tayvans scemda
kaTalikoss, amis Semdeg kandidatis marjvena xels daiWerda qarTlis
kaTalikosi, marcxena xels ki afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Seiyvandnen eklesiaSi
da daayenebdnen Sesabamis adgilze, romelsac `samefo adgili~ erqva
(sveticxovelSi es adgili iyo samxreTis kedelTan, sakaTalikoso saydris
siaxloves. bolo wlebamde aq idga marmarilossvetebiani samefo Cardaxi,
romelic moSales restavratorebma XX s. 70-80-ian wlebSi). Tu raime mizezis
gamo wirvas ver eswreboda afxazeTis kaTalikosi, misi adgili unda daeWira
iSxnel an Wyondidel episkoposs, anda mTavarepiskoposs. kandidatis
eklesiaSi Sesvlis Semdeg iwyeboda wirva. jer, cxadia, kveTa iwyeboda:
`iwyon aRmokveTa sefesa~254. kveTa sruldeboda patara trapezze, romelsac
samkveTlo ewodeba, kveTis Semdeg Sesawiri nakveTi sefiskveri feSxumiTa da
Rvino barZimiT unda gadaesvenebinaT did trapezze, romelzec, rogorc
aRiniSna, dasvenebuli iyo samefo Sesamoseli bisoni, amitomac kveTis Semdeg
Sesabamis dros bisons aiRebdnen, gamoitandnen sakurTxevlidan da miutandnen
samefo kandidats taZarSi, sadac igi ijda Tavis adgilas. mas orive muxlze
dausvenebdnen bisons. igi adgeboda da bisoniT xelSi mividoda
`sakaTalikoso taxtTan~ (es taxti, anu saydari sveticxovelSi amJamadac
dgas). e.i. samefo kandidati mividoda kaTalikosTan da etyoda _ `makurTxe,
meufeo~, kaTalikosi dalocavda mas, gamoarTmevda bisons da Tavis xeliT
Caacmevda. Semdeg kandidats miiyvandnen isev Tavis adgils.
wirvisas saxarebis wakiTxvis momdevno kvereqsis Semdeg sakurTxevlidan
gamovidodnen afxazeTis kaTalikosi (anda iSxneli) da mTavarepiskoposi.
mohkidebdnen mefes xels, rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, da daayenebdnen Sua
eklesiaSi, aq mefes samjer unda eca Tayvani sakurTxevlisaTvis, Semdeg
Seiyvandnen aRsavlis kariT sakurTxevelSi, daayenebdnen trapezis win. aq mefe
muxls moiyrida, anu daiCoqebda qarTlis kaTalikosis, e.i. saqarTvelos
patriarqis win, romelic aseve am droisaTvis Sesuli iyo sakurTxevelSi.
trapezis win daCoqil mefes yvela episkoposi Tavze daafarebda Tavis
omfors, jvars dawerda kaTalikosi da iwyebda umTavres locvas, romlis
warmoTqmis Semdegac samefo kandidati ukve nakurTxi mefe iyo. kaTalikosi
ambobda locvas: `saRmrTo madli, romeli yovladve uZlurebaTa CuenTa
hkurnebs da naklulebasa Cuensa aRavsebs ganaCinebs RmrTis moSiSsa [aq
iTqmoda kandidatis saxeli] ersa da samefosa amas zeda mefed-mefed da
gareSeartyams saRmrTosa Zalsa missa, vilocoT yovelTa, raTa daimkvidros
mis Tana madlman yovlad wmidisa sulisaman~255, xalxi pasuxobda
`kirieleison~ 3 gzis, kaTalikosic aRniSnul locvas samjer waikiTxavda.
amis Semdeg kaTalikosi aiRebda samefo gvirgvins da daadgamda Tavze mefes
Sesabamisi locviT, Semdeg aiRebda porfirs da Caacmevda (Semoaxuravda)
mefes, Semdeg aiRebda skiptras da miscemda mefes marjvena xelSi, amis Semdeg
mefes daayenebdnen trapezis marjvniv. gundi ityoda axali mefis
mravalJamiers. ziarebisas jer mRvdelmTavrebi eziarebodnen, Semdeg
mRvdlebze win mefes aziarebdnen, wirva ase mTavrdeboda. sakurTxevlidan
gamosvlis Semdeg mefes xmals Seartyamda amirspasalari. eklesiidan
sasaxlemde mefes miacilebdnen mRvdelmTavrebi, marjvena xeli mefisa eWira
qarTlis kaTalikoss, marcxena ki afxazeTis kaTalikoss (an Wyondidels, an
iSxnels), aseve Sehyvebodnen samefo palataSi, miiyvandnen samefo taxtTan da
dasvamdnen taxtze. taxtze ayvanis Semdeg axal mefes pirvelad Tayvans scemda
dedofali, Semdeg kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli, aTabagi, mandaturT-uxucesi,
amirspasalari, meWurWleTuxucesi, msaxurTuxucesi, `Sem-dgomad xelosanTa da
uxeloTa, darbaiserTa sruliadTa~ marTeb-da Tayvaniscema256. ase, samefo
samosliT Semosili mefe 3 dRis manZilze unda mjdariyo taxtze (e.i.
gvirgviniT da porfiriT).
aqedan Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli wesis Tanaxmad, romelic mtkiced iyo
daculi saqarTveloSi, vidre luarsab II-is Semdgom rostom-xanamde,
eklesiis kurTxevis miuReblad saqarTveloSi mefe taxtze ver avidoda da
`mefis~ wodebas ver miiRebda. samefos didebulTa Soris upirvelesad
iTvlebodnen afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da, albaT,
moZRvarT-moZRvaric, rogorc es zemomoyvanili sabuTidan da `xelmwifis
karis garigebidan~ Cans. aseTi viTarebis gamo ar migvaCnia sworad gancxadeba
imisa, TiTqosda mefe giorgi III-s gasaWiris dros aujanyda eklesia. eklesia
yovelTvis mefis erTguli, mefesTan erTad TanammarTveli iyo saqarTvelos
saxelmwifosi. amiT madlierma mefem TbilisSi mowveuli ganxiluli krebis
daxmarebiT udidesi sikeTe mianiWa saqarTvelos eklesias, kerZod ki,
gaaTavisufla usamarTlo begarisagan.

1177. sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi

[teqsti]

q. saxeliTa R(mr)TisaiTa, gi(orgi)sagan, bagratuanianisa-nebiTa

R(mr)TisaiTa afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa [mefisa,
Sar]vanSai [da SahanSai da yovli]sa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa
[flobiT]mpyro[be]lisa. welsa mefobisa Cuenisa ka-sa. odes birebiTa da
gan[Zra]xviTa eSmakeulTa, SeiTqunes vieTnime mefo[b]isa Cuenisa didebulni
da aznaurni orgulobisa CuenisaT[uis] da Zmiswuli Cueni gaguiyenes da
mravali Wiri da [ga]nsacdeli aRguidgines, gina mravalmowyalebaman [da]
aradaviwyebulman qmnulebisa misisaman cudqmna amaTi ganZraxvai da
SeTqmulebai maTi da dahГsna [yo]velni Roneni maTni da ganabnivna
yovelnive, zogni sp[arse]Ts Sina sikudiliT da gar[dax]uewiTa da
r(ome)lnime Cue[nsa] samefosa Sina ferГTa queSe CuenTa dascna; Cuengan amisa
k[ual] msgavsi samadlobeli raimca miemadleboda R(mr)Teebasa missa. gana,
sadidebelad R(mr)Teebisa misisad da keTilad dac[vi]saTuis mefobisa
Cuenisa da sulierad ГsnisaTuis satan[j]velTaisa, movigoneT eklesiaTa
samefoisa Cue[nisaTa] yovlisa begrisa usamarTloisa da daWirebulisagan
Гsnai da ganTavisuflebai. da amisve mizezisaTuis Sekrbes yovelni
samefoisa Cuenisa monazonni da ebiskoposni: imerni da amerni, k(aTaliko)zi,
moZRuari da yovelni meudabnoeni da maTca guibrZanes da moguaГsenes
daWirebulobai eklesiaTai da ganryunai sasjuloTa saqmeTai. amisTuis
ganvaCineniT kacni yovelgan da ganvageT gulsmodgined Sekazmvai da
ganTavisuflebai w(mi)daTa R(mr)Tisa eklesiaTai da glaxakTai, r(ome)li
TuiT dawer[ili][...]
I-II kefebis marcxena kideze gaswvriv teqstis xeliT miwerilia:
[q.Cuenisa sulisagan R(mr)Tisai saqme] esre gaguiwesebia, viTa aqa sweria da
viTa monastrisa wessa hmarTebs, egre daguiWiravs da yoveli usamarTloi
begari agiuГ[snia]257.

11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1185 w.)

taxtze asvlis Semdeg, Tamar mefem maleve moiwvia saeklesio kreba.

mematianis, basili ezosmoZRvaris sityviT, Tamari didad iRvwoda
`sjulisaTvis~ da `saRmrTo suliT~ emsgavsa bizantiis pirvel qristian
imperators konstantines, romelmac I msoflio kreba moiwvia. Tamarmac `meore
konstantinem~ `ineba, raTa iqmnas Seyra da gamorCeva didTa maT msoflio
krebaTa~258. rogorc konstantinem `saRmrTo saqmeTa~ dawyeba ineba saeklesio
krebis mowveviT, aseve Tamaric `misebrve hgondebda dawyebasa saRmrTosa
saqmeTasa~258, e. i. Tavisi saxelmwifo moRvaweoba Tamarma saeklesio krebis
mowveviT daiwyo: `iwyo aRlesvad orpirisa maxvilisa mosarevelad TeslTa
borotTa~. amisaTvis ierusalimidan sagangebod moiwvia yofili kaTalikosi
nikolozi, sxva wmida mamebi.
`pirvelad aRmouwoda wmidiT qalaqiT ierusalemiT nikoloz
gulaberiZesa, romelsa simdablisa ZaliTa ejmna qarTlisa
kaTalikozobisagan, ese ra moiyvana, Semokribna yovelni samefosa Tvisisa
mRvdelT-moZRvarni, monazonni da meudabnoeni, kacni mecnierni sjulisa
saRmrTosanni da moswrafe iyo, raTa marTl-madideblobasa zeda SemoTesilni
Teslni borotni aRmofxurnes samefosagan Tvisisa~259.
marTlac Sekrebilan `orisave samTavrosa episkoposni~259. Tamaris
saxelmwifo Sedgeboda ara `ori samTavrosagan~, aramed `Svidi samefosagan~.
am `Svid samefos~ xSirad moixsenieben Tamaris meistorieni, gansakuTrebiT ki
`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ avtori. `ori samTavrosagan~ im dros
Sedgeboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, anu qarTuli eklesia. esenia afxazeTisa
da qarTlis sakaTalikozoebi, `samTavroebi~ sasuliero gagebiT. krebaze
misulan rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi,
mematiane wers kidec: `yovelni samefosa Tvisisa mRvdel-moZRvarni~. saeklesio
krebis sxdomis darbazisaTvis Tamars SeurCevia `erTi sadguri~. `Sekriba
yovelni erTsa sadgursa da dasxna saydrebiTa, xolo TviT dajda Soris
maTsa martod da ara mefobiT~259.
sxva iyo krebaTa dros `mefobiT dajdoma~ da sxva `martod dajdoma~. mefe
`mefobiT~ jdeboda oficialuri da saxelmwifoebrivi Sexvedrebis Tu
SekrebaTa dros. magaliTad, mefis kurTxevis dros mefis marjvniv unda
mdgariyo qarTlis kaTalikosi, anu saqarTvelos patriarqi, xolo marcxniv
afxazeTis kaTalikosi, sakaTalikosoTa episkoposebi TavianTi kaTalikosis
mxares dgebodnen. amgvari wesis naSTs unda warmoadgendes jdomis wesi
Cvenamde moRweul dokumentSi _ `gangeba darbazobisa~. am dokumentSi mefis
marcxniv jdeboda Wyondideli, magram Cven viciT sxva dokumentidan,
romelsac hqvia `wesi da gangeba mefeT kurTxevisa~, rom afxazeTis
kaTalikosis darbazobaze aryofnis SemTxvevaSi misi Secvla SeeZlo
Wyondidels. rogorc sabuTidan Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi mironis kurTxevis
Semdeg iwvevdnen darbazobas. am sabuTs `kurTxeva mironisa~ Semounaxavs
kurTxevis Semdeg gamarTuli darbazobis wesi. es dokumenti SeiZleba
saqarTvelos samefos erTianobis Seryevis drosaa Sedgenili, radganac masSi
ar Canan dasavleT saqarTvelos Zalze mniSvnelovani eparqiis episkoposebi.
gangeba darbazobisa, romlis drosac mefe `mefobiT jdeboda~, aseTi yofila:
`raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efiskoposni am wesiTa
dasxden: 1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjueniT mefisa
taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiT da baliSiTa; 2. Semovides Wyondideli da
dajdes marcxeniT mefisa, natiTa da baliSiTa; 3. Semovides didisa somxeTisa
mitrapoliti da dajdes kaTalikozsa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa...~260.
 episkoposTa ganlagebas Cven qvemoT gadmogcemT sqemis saxiT, sadac
frCxilebSi moTavsebul episkoposTa rigi warmoadgens uZvelesi `wesis~
aRdgenis cdas, romelic gadmocemulia Cvens naSromSi `qarTuli eklesiis
Sinagani diptiqi~261 xolo ufrCxilebod warmodgenil episkoposTa rigi
mocemulia `kurTxeva mironisa, gangeba darbazobisas~ mixedviT:
episkoposTa Soris mxolod qarTlis kaTalikosi jdeboda `taxtsa zeda
mokidebiT~. darbazobis dros mxolod erTi taxti idga _ mefisa. mefis taxti,
SesaZloa, iyo ara mxolod savarZeli, aramed raRac SemaRlebuli adgili,
romlis SuaSi jdeboda mefe, xolo am taxtis erT kideSi, marjvena mxares,
`taxtsa zeda mokidebiT~ jdeboda qarTlis kaTalikosi. simbolurad es iyo
gamoxatuleba imisa, rom kaTalikosi mefis taxtis moziare iyo qveynisa da
eris sulieri mmarTvelobis saqmeSi (marcxena mxares, rogorc aRiniSna,
albaT, afxazeTis kaTalikosi).
Tamar mefe gansaxilvel saeklesio krebaze taxtze ar damjdara, aramed
`martod~. taxtze rom damjdariyo, wesis Tanaxmad, mis marjvniv unda
damjdariyo imdroindeli qarTlis kaTalikosi miqaeli. miqaels ki saeklesio
wesis darRveviT mitacebuli hqonia Wyondideloba. esec ar ukmarnia,
mwignobarTuxucesoba da mawyverelobac miutacia. mawyvereli episkoposi unda
damjdariyo qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT, igi erT-erT umTavres, sapatio,
samefo karze did gavlenis mqone kaTedras warmoadgenda. xolo, rac
Seexeboda Wyondidels, igi mefis marcxniv unda damjdariyo. `samefo wesiT~
Tamaris dajdomis SemTxvevaSi, `gangeba darbazobis~ wesi srulad verc
Sesruldeboda, mefis marjvena, marcxena da sxva mTavari adgilebi erT kacs
hqonda mitacebuli. es yvela damswre episkoposisaTvis TvalsaCino iyo.
SesaZloa, mefem amitomac brZana krebis gaxsnisas: `hoi wmidano mamano, Tqven
RmerTisa mier ganCinebul xarT moZRvrad Cuenda da mmarTvelad wmidisa
eklesiisa... gamoiZieT yoveli keTilad da daamtkiceT marTali, xolo
ganxadeT gularZnilni, iwyeT Cem zeda... nu Tval asxamT mTavarTa
simdidrisaTvis, nuca glaxakTa udeb hyofT simcirisaTvis...~1.
iv. javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, krebis mowvevis umTavresi mizani yofila
qarTlis imdroindeli kaTalikosis gadayeneba. marTlac, mematiane wers, rom:
`winamZRvarTa krebisaTa... ara inebes Soris maTsa yofad maSindeli igi
qarTlisa kaTalikosi, rameTu winaukmo rame iwyo wesTagan eklesiisaTa da
Wyondidel-mawyvereloba da mwignobarT-uxucesoba moeveraga uflisagan,
aramed vera ganayenes, daRacaTu friad iRuawes...~262.
ras niSnavda eklesiisa da saxelmwifosaTvis is, rom qarTlis
kaTalikosma miiTvisa Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba? am kiTxvas
pasuxobs iv. javaxiSvili: `miqael kaTalikozis zraxvisa da gegmis
politikuri mniSvneloba cxadia, misi da mis momxreTa mizani saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac iyo. viTarca saqarTvelos eklesiis
kaTalikoz-patriarqi, igi qarTuli eklesiis mesaWe iyo. vazirTa
upirvelesobisa da mwignobarTuxucesobis miRebiT mas saero, saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. xolo, radgan qarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis ZaliT mwignobarT uxucesi mefis `mamad~ iyo miCneuli da mis
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels amieridan
TviT mefezec ki meti Zala da xelisufleba eqneboda. mefes saeklesio
saqmeebSi uSualod Carevis ufleba ar hqonda da xeli ar miuwvdeboda,
miqaeli ki orisave, saero-saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli
da gamaerTianebeli iyo. radganac miqaeli kaTalikozi iyo. es garemoeba
saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas
moaswavebda. es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebul cezaropapizms udrida da
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda... eklesiis mesveurT
politikuri upiratesobis xelSi Cagdebac ucdiaT da mouxerxebiaT kidec~263.
maSasadame, `sasuliero mwyemsTavris xelSi saero da saeklesio
xelisuflebis mTeli sadaveebi iyrida Tavs~264.
ivane javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom `Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi
da vazirTa upirvelesi, faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos mefis moadgile da
saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac
`xelmwifis karis garigeba~ mefis `mamasac~ ki uwodebs~265.
msoflio eklesiisaTvis ar iyo ucxo eklesiis ierarqTa mier saxelmwifos
marTva, eklesiis mier saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis sadaveebis aReba.
mociqulTa 34-e kanoniT, Tavisi Temis uzenaesi mmarTvelobis ufleba
hqonda episkoposs jer kidev I-III saukuneebSi, qristianobis saxelmwifo
sarwmunoebad aRiarebamde. devnis pirobebSi mcirericxovani qristianuli
Temebi mxolod sakuTari episkoposis uzenaes, maT Soris, iuridiuli saxis
mmarTvelobas cnobdnen. marTalia, qristianebi emorCilebodnen imdroindel
saero xelisuflebas, magram es iZulebis Sedegi iyo. misi aRsruleba xdeboda
sakuTari episkoposis miTiTebis an nebarTvis Semdeg. cnobilia, rom V-VIII
saukuneebSi, imis Semdeg, rac dasavleT romis imperiaSi barbarosuli tomebis
Semosevebis Sedegad daeca ara mxolod saimperatoro, aramed adgilobrivi
administraciuli mmarTveloba, wesrigis centrebad da adgilebad iqcnen
saepiskoposoebi. episkoposTa miTiTebebsa da gankargulebebs emorCileboda
qaosur mdgomareobaSi myofi sazogadoeba, amitomac eklesiis xelSi aRmoCnda
ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi, saero mmarTvelobac, Tavisi
sasamarTloebiTa da sxva funqciebiT. V-VIII ss-Si dasavleT romis imperiaSi
episkoposTa saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gazrdam, cxadia, gazarda am
episkoposTa meTauris romis papis Zalmosileba.
es procesi, rogorc aRiniSna, ar iyo ucxo msoflio eklesiisaTvis
pirvel aTaswleulSi, maSin, roca msoflio eklesia jer kidev erTiani iyo da
dasavleT evropis eklesiac marTlmadideblurad iTvleboda. bizantiis
imperiaSi sxvagvari mdgomareoba iyo. aq imperatoris Zalaufleba ar
SezRudula, saxelmwifo moxeleebi srulad asrulebdnen TavianT funqciebs,
amgvar viTarebaSi eklesiac saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi
sasuliero dawesebuleba iyo, romlis funqcia saxelmwifo interesebis
dacviT gamoixateboda.
rogori mdgomareoba iyo am mxriv saqarTveloSi, ras efuZneboda
Wyondideli episkoposis da sxva ramdenime episkoposis (maT Soris
mwignobarTuxucesis) saxelmwifoebrivi mmarTvelobis sadaveebTan misvla ara
mxolod miqael kaTalikosis dros, aramed manamdec da mis Semdegac?
es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi saero-
saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis dasustebiT. Cans, CvenSi eklesia moqceula
iseve, rogorc moiqca eklesia dasavleT evropasa da somxeTSic msgavsi
viTarebis, e.i. saero xelisuflebis dasustebis dros. `eklesia TandaTanobiT
gadaiqca saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organod. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevi
gaxda mas Semdeg, rodesac moxda romis imperiis dayofa or saxelmwifod:
dasavleT romis imperiad da aRmosavleT bizantiis imperiad (IV-V ss). da ai,
dasavleTSi, pirvel xanebSi imperiis xelisuflebis ararsebobis da barbarosi
germaneli tomebis batonobis periodSi, eklesiis mmarTvelni _ episkoposebi
da mitropolitebi _ rCebodnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis erTaderT
warmomadgenlebad qveyanaSi. romis saepiskoposo kaTedris mesveurni, romis
papebi, TandaTanobiT TavianT xelSi aerTianebdnen saeklesio da saero
saxelmwifo xelisuflebas da gadaiqcnen imperiis xelisuflebisagan
damoukidebel mmarTvelebad. 752 wels papma zaqariam frankTa saxelmwifos
mefed akurTxa saxlTuxucesi pipini, romelmac romis imperias samflobelod
uboZa yvela is miwa, romlebic CamoerTva langobardebs. am aqtiT safuZveli
Caeyara papebis saero xelisuflebas (755 w.)... saimperatoro taxtis boZeba
romis papebis xelSi moeqca~266.
romis imperiis daSlis Semdgom saukuneebSi yofili imperiis dasavleTSi
ramdenime saxelmwifo Camoyalibda, romelTa saxelwodebebi da sazRvrebi
xSirad icvleboda, magram dasavleTSi arsebobda mxolod erTi saeklesio
xelisufleba _ romis papisa. aRmosavleTSi ki arsebobda erTi saxelmwifo –
bizantia, romelSic arsebobdnen erTmaneTisagan administraciulad
damoukidebeli eklesiebi _ sapatriarqoebi (konstantinopolisa, aleqsandiisa,
antioqiisa, ierusalimisa da sxv.).
msgavsadve, saqarTveloSi VI-X saukuneebSi Camoyalibda ramdenime
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli, romelTac moicavda sulierad erTiani qarTuli
eklesia Tavisi ori _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis _ sakaTalikosoTi.
rogorc mravalgzis aRvniSneT, VI saukuneSi qarTlSi moispo an Zalze
Sesustda saxelmwifo Zalaufleba. mematianeTa cnobiT, VII-VIII saukuneebSi
arabebi devnidnen vaxtang gorgasalis, e.w. `xosroian~ mefeTa STamomavlebs,
xolo bagrationebis xelisufleba jer kidev ar iyo ganmtkicebuli. mterma
mniSvnelovnad gaanadgura provinciaTa saero sammarTvelo aparati. am rTul
dros, rogorc Cans, CvenSic, iseve rogorc sxvagan, romelic ganxiluli iyo
zemoT, saeklesio-sasuliero mmarTveloba (kaTalikosi da episkoposebi)
gadaiqcnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis centrebad. es kargad Cans serapion
zarzmelis cxovrebidan, roca samcxeSi didi mTavrebi erTmaneTs waekidnen,
mawyverelma episkoposma SeZlo maTi damorCileba da saero xelisuflebis
xelSi aReba, man am qveynis mTeli `gangeba~ Tavis xelSi aiRo da Tavis
`sabrZaneblad~ aqcia. `mawyverelma meSfoTeTa adgil-mamulic TavisTvis
daitova~267.
rogorc Cans, qarTuli eklesia marTavda kaxeTs, `qorepiskoposis~
institutis saSualebiT, roca iq arc samefo da arc mTeli qveynis momcveli
xelisufleba ar arsebobda. rogorc cnobilia, wanarTa qorepiskoposma,
sasuliero pirma, Tavis xelSi aiRo saero xelisuflebac. `saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia
ucxo ar aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis~268. kaxeTSi
sasuliero piris _ qorepiskoposis xelT iyo saero mmarTvelobac IX
saukuneSic. Semdeg mis xelT, rogorc fiqroben, mxolod saero xelisufleba
darCenila.
qarTul eklesias Zala da gavlena hqonda TbilisSic arabTa
mmarTvelobis dros. arabTa mier Sepyrobilma wmida konstanti-kaxma werilebi
miswera Tbilisis monastrebis berebsa da winamZRvrebs: `miwera wignebi
yovelTa mimarT meudabnoeTa qalaqisiTa da mamasaxlisiTa monasterisaTa~269.
Cans, arabTa Tbiliseli amira grZnobda Zalas qarTuli eklesiisa da
gadawyvita tao-klarjeTSi anCis saepiskoposo saydarze Tavisi
warmomadgenlis, episkopos cqiris, daniSvna .270
grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan kargad Cans, rom eklesia Tavis
uflebamosilebas saero xelisuflebaze maRla ayenebda, hqonda kidec
avtoriteti da gavlena saero cxovrebaze, miT umetes, VII-VIII saukuneebSi,
roca araTu centraluri saero xelisufleba, kuTxeebSi feodaluri
samTavroebic ki ar arsebobda.
msgavsad kaxeTisa da samcxisa, VII-VIII saukuneebSi eklesia erT-erTi
mmarTveli Zala unda yofiliyo dasavleT saqarTveloSic, xosroian mefeTa
taxtis dacemis periodSi. marTalia, Wyondidis saepiskoposo daarsda meaTe
saukuneSi, magram am cnobili saepiskoposos winamorbedi fasisis saepiskoposo
mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze avtoritetuli unda
yofiliyo meaTe saukunemde da VII-VIII saukuneebSic, maSin, roca dasavleT
saqarTvelos erT nawilSi saeklesio iurisdiqcias axorcielebda
konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. amas unda miuTiTebdes is, rom misi memkvidre
Wyondideli episkoposi atarebda bizantiur titulebs `svingelozi~ da
`protoupertimosi~ (aRsaniSnavia, rom bizantiis imperatori basili
porfirogeneti Tavis mier gacemul 980 wlis xrisobulaSi Tornike erisTavs
`svingelozis~ tituliT moixseniebs271). Wyondideli episkoposi jer kidev
manam, sanam mas `Wyondidelis~ saydari miecemoda (e.i. fasisis an sxva
romelime berZnuli eparqiis episkoposi dasavleT saqarTveloSi) mTel
mxareSi udidesi saero da saeklesio avtoritetis piri unda yofiliyo.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi VII-VIII ss-Si umefobisa da qaosis dros mis xelSi
did saerTo Zalauflebas unda moeyara Tavi, Cans, igi exmareboda qarTul
saero xelisuflebas afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis saqmeSi, am samefos
daarsebis Semdeg ki, rac giorgi II-m (922-957) kaTedra martvilSi (WyondidSi)
gadaitana, mas kvlav SeunarCuna ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero
Zalauflebac afxazTa samefoSi. albaT am Tavisi didi saero da saeklesio
avtoritetis gamo daviT aRmaSenebelma Wyondideloba SeuTavsa
mwignobarTuxucesobas da is daniSna Tavis vazirad. Wyondideli _ `vazirTa
upirvelesi~, e.i. saero mmarTveli iyo. xelmwifis karis garigebis Tanaxmad,
mwignobarT-uxuces-Wyondideli _ `viTa mama ars mefisa, agre yvela sauravi
uimisod ar iqnebis~, JamTaRmwerelis sityviT, `samefosa~ da `samefo saxlis~
gangebac mis xelT iyo, igi ganagebda saxelmwifoSi marTlmsajulebasac da
`saajo kars~ edga saTaveSi. mis gansagebelTa Soris samxedro saqmes
mniSvnelovani adgili ekava. aseve unda yofiliyo jer kidev afxazTa samefos
daarsebamdec VII-VIII ss-Si, am samefos daarsebisa da erTiani saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis Semdegac. Cans, amitomac iyo, rom laSqrobebi da
laSqris organizaciis sakiTxebi uimisod ar wydeboda. saeWvoa, rom es
ukanaskneli funqcia daviT aRmaSenebels mieniWebina episkoposisaTvis, Tuki am
saepiskoposos msgavsi qmedebis saukunovani tradicia ar gaaCnda.
qarTuli eklesia saero da sasuliero xelisuflebas garkveulwilad
flobda ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi `qorepiskoposis~
institutis meSveobiT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSic, kerZod ki,
svaneTSi.
`wyaroebze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
dasustebisa da politikuri daqucmacebulobis Semdeg svaneTSi eklesiis
gavlena erTxans isev Zlieri yofila. amitom centraluri xelisuflebis
mxardaWeris gareSe darCenili adgilobrivi privilegirebuli wodebis
warmomadgenlebi eklesias etmasnebian, masTan gaerTiandnen (`SeyrilobaTa~
msgavsad), raTa qristianuli ideologiis ZaliT ecadaT xelisuflebis
Sesustebis kompensacia da Zalaufleba SeenarCu-nebinaT...~272.
ase yofila XIV-XV saukuneebSi, magram qorepiskoposis institutis qveS
saero-sasuliero xelisufleba moqceuli unda yofiliyo gacilebiT adrec,
jer kidev saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde. qorepikoposobis instituti svaneTSi
imave dros unda Camoyalibebuliyo, rodesac Camoyalibda igi kaxeTSi da
sxvagan. `rogorc T. papuaSvili da zogierTi sxva mkvlevari varaudobs,
qorepiskoposis instituti saqarTveloSi Tavdapirvelad ueWvelad
saberZneTidan Semovida, Tumca amis werilobiTi dadastureba yvelaze adre
VII-VIII ss. abasTumnis epigrafikul warweraSi mogvepoveba. am Zeglze
dayrdnobiT T. papuaSvili daaskvnis, rom qorepiskopozi samxreT
saqarTveloSi Tavdapirvelad sasuliero da saero xelisuflebiT iyo
aRWurvili~273.
svaneTi warmoadgenda cagereli da caiSeli episkoposebis samwysos, maT
svaneTSi hyavdaT TavianTi qorepiskoposebi, romelTa xelSi, rogorc aRiniSna,
saero xelisufleba moeqca garkveuli saxiT.
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeTa msgavsad svaneTSi arsebobda saydrisSvilTa
instituti. saydrisSvilebi, Cans, ewodebodaT romelime gavlenian
eklesiasTan gaerTianebuli privilegirebuli pirebis korporacias, romelTa
mimarT mefeebs garkveuli valdebuleba ekisrebaT2074.
`e. xoStariam yuradReba gaamaxvila imaze, rom `largvisis
saydrisSvilebi~, `gergetis saydrisSvilebi~, `ruisis saydrisSvilebi~,
agreTve svaneTis sinamdvileSi fiqsirebuli saydrisSvilebi (`mTavarmowamis
saydrisSvili~, `setisa mTavarmowamis saydrisSvilebi~) met-naklebad
privilegirebul da gabatonebul aznaurTa jgufs an mis calkeul
warmomadgenlebs gulisxmoben~275.
qarTuli eklesiis udides gavlenas saero cxovrebaze Tavisi asaxva
upovia qarTuli samarTlis ZeglebSic, `meore mefe episkoposia~, _ brZanebs
bagrat kurapalatis samarTali276.
rogorc aRiniSna, somxuri eklesia, ise, rogorc dasavleT evropis
eklesia, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis funqciebsac kisrulobda istoriis
garkveul etapebze, rac gamowveuli iyo samefo xelisuflebis sisustiT
Sesabamis dros, amas kargad xsnis arseni safareli somxuri eklesiis
istoriis gadmocemisas. saero-sasamarTlo funqciebsac somxeTSi arcTu
iSviaTad varTapetebi asrulebdnen, isini iyvnen rjulmdeblebi, maswavleblebi
da mosamarTleebi, rogorc es Cans mxiTar goSis samarTlis versiidan.
saqarTveloSic miiCneoda, rom `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme _ orisave swori
aris~ (vaxtangis samarTlis wignis 25-e muxli).
rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, bagratis samarTlis 102-e muxlSi naTqvamia,
rom `meore mefe episkopozi ariso~. saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis
Tanasworobis es principi, asaxulia vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignis 25-e
muxlSi: `mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme ... orisave swori aris, amitom rome
erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulis~277.
vaxtang VI-is mier gamocemuli berZnuli samarTlis 128-e muxlis mixedviT,
sasuliero pirebs ekrZalebodaT `eriskacTa saqmeSi gareva~, ar unda
aRezardaT maTi Svilebi, ar unda yofiliyvnen `gamgeni TavadTa saxlTani~, ar
unda yofiliyvnen soflis `moxeleni~, ar unda gareuliyvnen sxva msgavs
saqmeebSi. aseTi wesi ar eTanadeba saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve miRebul wess.
CvenSi sasuliero pirebi araTu ereodnen saero saqmeebSi, aramed mas zogjer
marTavdnen kidec, rogorc es zemoT Cans. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom
`samarTali berZnuli~ qarTulad gvian aris Targmnili, im dros, roca
qarTuli eklesiis Zala Sesustebuli iyo. bizantiasa da saqarTveloSi
eklesiaTa bunebrivi mdgomareoba gansxvavebuli iyo. ivane javaxiSvilis
azriT, `qarTuli eklesia Tavis weswyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis
saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da
rusTa eklesiebs278.
aq igulisxmeba ara sarwmunoebrivi msgavseba dasavleT evropis
eklesiasTan, aramed samarTlebrivi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom jer kidev
vaxtang gorgaslamde episkoposi glonoqori daniSnuli iyo qarTlisa da
hereTis (albaneTis) erisTavad _ saero mmarTvelad, e.i. samRvdeloebis xelSi
saero xelisuflebac Tavmoyrili iyo sparsTa nebiT, IV-V ss-Si.
mTavarepiskopos miqaelis xelSi didi Zalaufleba unda yofiliyo
Tavmoyrili, amitom gabeda man vaxtang gorgasalis Seuracxyofa. VII-VIII
saukuneTa umefobisas, rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiis xelSi didi saero
Zalaufleba gadavida. es unda yofiliyo, rogorc aRiniSna, Wyondideli
episkoposis avtoritetis uzomod gazrdis safuZveli. daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros umaRles samRvdeloTa xelSi moeqca mTavrobis marTva. sasuliero
pirTa (4 monazonis da misi aparatis) mier imarTeboda saxelmwifo, magram
imarTeboda ara romelime saeklesio dawesebulebidan, aramed `xelmwifis
karidan~. xelmwife uzenaesi mmarTveli, oTxi monazoni ki mTavrobis
upirvelesi wevrebi da meTaurebi iyvnen. maT Soris, kaTalikosebsa da
moZRvarT-moZRvarTan erTad mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondidelic iyo. am `oTx
monazons~ Soris Zalaufleba ganawilebuli iyo, magram rodesac Tamaris
dros miqael kaTalikosis xelSi gaerTianda Wyondideloba da mwignobarT-
uxucesoba, aRmoCnda, rom mas saxelmwifoSi udidesi Zalaufleba epyra xelT
da mefis avtoritetsac ki CrdilSi aqcevda.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saeklesio wreebSi miCneuli yofila, rom miqael
kaTalikosis mtacebloba saeklesio kanonebis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
SesaZloa, daviT aRmaSenebelis dros, rodesac Camoyalibda saqveyno saqmeebis
sasuliero pirTa mier mmarTvelobis wesi, dadgenili iyo, rom sxvadasxva
saxelo sxvadasxva pirs unda emarTa. erTi piris xelSi saxeloTa gaerTianeba
saeklesio wesis darRvevad miuCneviaT _ miqaelmao, wers mematiane, _ `winaukmo
rame iwyo wesisagan eklesiisaTa da Wyondidel-mawyvereloba da mwignobarT-
uxucesoba moeveraga uflisagan~279. sagangebod mowveulma saeklesio krebam
ganixila es sakiTxi, magram miqaeli `vera ganayenes, daRacaTu friad iRuawes,
... xolo sxvani vinme episkoposni Seicvalnes da maT wil saRmrToni kacni
dasxnes da sxvani saeklesioni wesni ganmarTnes udebTa mier daxsnilni~280.
 gamarjvebulma miqaelma, romelic misi sakiTxis ganxilvamde krebaze arc
ki dauSves, axla krebis warmarTva ineba da sul sxva mimarTuleba misca mas.
Tavidan miqaelis sakiTxi SedarebiT viwro, mxolod sasuliero pirTa wreSi
ganuxilavT, amitomac krebas mxolod isini eswrebodnen. sakiTxis ganxilvis
periodSi krebas TandaTanobiT Sematebian sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli
wevrebi, male maT umaRlesi saero pirebic Sematebian: `aRivseboda ra kreba,
Semovides yovelni spasalarni da erisTavni samefosani da moaxsenes mamaTa,
raTa zogadad iRuawon Semoyvanebad siZisa TamarisaTvis, romelica yvesca~281.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxva xelnaweris mixedviT _ `maSin Sekrbes yovelni
amis samefosa didebulni, spasalarni da erisTavni winaSe patriarqisa da
episkoposTa da moaxsenes mamaTa, raTa zogad iRuawon yovelTa Semoyvanebad
siZisa TamarisaTvis~282.
Tamaris meore istorikosis mixedviT, saeklesio krebas uRvawia Tamaris
saqmros moyvanisaTvis. pirvel rigSi, siZe-mefe unda yofiliyo
marTlmadidebeli, albaT, imJamindeli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT siZe
CrdiloeTis qveynidan unda yofiliyo. Cans, saqarTvelos Tavisi
siZlierisaTvis imJamad esaWiroeboda Crdilo mxareTa Tavisi gavlenis qveS
moqceva an gaerTguleba. orive siZe, Tamaris orive qmari CrdiloeTidan iyo –
isini marTlmadideblebi iyvnen. bizantiuri wesiT mefisaTvis sadedoflos
SerCevis ufleba hqonda didebulTa krebas. bizantiis ukanaskneli
imperatorisaTvis veneciaSi gamzadebuli sacole didebulebma daiwunes da
mefes urCies amoerCia sadedofle trapizonis imperiidan an saqarTvelodan _
marTlmadidebeli. Cans, saukuneebiT adre aseve moqceulan saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebaze Sesuli didebulebic. - `ganzraxviTa yovelTaTa
waravlines kaci vinme rusTa samefod qristianobisa da marTl-
madideblobisaTvis maT naTesavisa~212.
vaxtangis Semdegdroindeli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, saeklesio
krebas mohyolia warmoCena politikuri sakiTxebisa, kerZod, ganuxilavT
didebulTa moTxovna yubasaris Sesaxeb, Semdeg ki yuTlu-arslanis dasis mier
wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi.
`xolo aRivseboda ra kreba da aRdges wmidani mamani, kualad mefe Tamar
moeqca sauravTa da gansagebelTa samefosa TvisisaTa, maSin iwyes ZueliTgan
Cuelebisamebr kacTa daudgromlobisa saqme da didebulTa vieTme
xelisufalTa yves fici esreT viTarmed `aRar vegebiT ZvelTa
xelisufalTa...~ .283
amirspasalari da mandaturTuxucesi yubasari filenjis senis gamo
paralizebuli iyo. didebulTa moTxovnis gamo Tamarmma is gadaayena kidec.
laSqris `nebiTa da TneviT~ `moiSala da daemxo~ msaxurTuxucesi
afridoni.
yuTlu-arslanma moiTxova xelmwifis kars CamorTmeoda da `karvisaTvis~
gadaecaT gangeba `micemisa da miRebisa, wyalobisa da Serisxvisani~284. es
`gangeba~ imJamad ori pirveli piris _ Tamarisa da miqaelis xelSi iyo.
rogorc Cans, yuTlu-arslanis moTxovna ufro Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis
saxelos damxobisaken iyo mimarTuli.
rogorc ivane javaxiSvils aqvs garkveuli, `eklesias saqarTveloSi Tavisi
droSa da sakuTari jari hyavda, Tavisi ymebi da saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis
wesebze mowyobili moxeloba moepoveboda, Tavisi ekonomiuri politika hqonda
da Tavisive samarTali, amitom qarTul eklesias bevris mxriT
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi etyoboda~285.
sigel-gujarTa SeswavliT mecnierma gamoikvlia, rom saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqs hqonia ufleba sakuTari jaris yolisa, sakuTari
sardlis meTaurobiT igi laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli saxelmwifo
erTeulis saxiT monawileobda. es kargad Cans 1362 wliT daTariRebuli
aleqsandre mefis sigelidan286. msgavsi uflebis Semcvelia 1772 wlis daviT
kaxTa mefis gujari rusTvelisadmi. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom daviT
aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris dros omebsa da brZolebSi kaTalikoss Tavis jaris
calke sardali ar hyolia, magram, rogorc cnobilia, qvemo qarTlis
TurqTagan daWerili cixeebi daviT aRmaSeneblis dros Wyondidelma
episkoposma aiRo.
rogorc iTqva, amirspasalar yubasaris avadmyofobis gamo, Cans, miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi ara mxolod Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesoba, aramed
laSqris, spis gansagebelic yofila moqceuli. etyoba amitomac didebulTa
moTxovniT yubasars CamoerTva amirspasalaroba da mis nacvlad sxva iqna
daniSnuli. amiT miqaelis Zalaufleba Semcirda.
`yovelgvari cilisa da xangrZlivi gamoZiebis miuxedavad, saeklesio
krebis monawileebma kaTalikosis moqmedebaSi veraferi iseTi saeklesio
xasiaTis danaSauleba ver aRmoaCines, rom misi gadayenebisaTvis kanonieri
safuZveli yofiliyo. amitom saeklesio krebam miqaelis gadayenebis dasturi
Tamarsa da mTavrobas ar misca~287. miqaels darCa mwignobarTuxucesoba-
Wyondidelobac sikvdilamde. kaTalikos-patriarqi miqaeli krebidan ramdenime
wlis Semdeg gardaicvala.

12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris karze

(kamaTi monofizitebTan)

XII s-is saqarTvelos sazRvrebs SigniT moeqca, e.w. `somexTa~ da `anisis~

samefoebi. `somexTa samefos~ uwodebdnen yofil taSir-Zoraketis samefos,
romlis mosaxleobis umetes nawils qarTvelebi Seadgendnen, radganac es
samefo moicavda qvemo qarTls: teritorias Tbilisidan taSirisa da abocis
CaTvliT. rogorc iTqva, am miwa-wylis ZiriTad mosaxleobas Seadgenda
qarTveloba, arabTa batonobis dros arabTa xelSewyobiT gaZlierebulma
somexma feodalebma SeZles xelSi CaegdoT saqarTvelos es mxare meaTe
saukuneSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom cota ufro adre somexma feodalebma (aznaurebma)
SeZles albaneTis zogierTi kuTxis xelSi Cagdeba. somexi mmarTvelebis
batonobis gamo qarTlis am nawils `somexTa samefo~ ewoda. samefoSi
mcxovrebi mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba, iqamde samwyso qarTuli eklesiisa,
TandaTanobiT somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi eqceoda gamonofizitebis
gziT.
taSir-Zoraketis samefo Turq-seljukebisagan gaaTavisufla daviT
aRmaSenebelma Wyondideli episkoposis monawileobiT, 1088-1122 wlebSi.
qarTulma eklesiam, cxadia, daiwyo zrunva mkvidri qarTvelebis
dedaeklesiaSi dasabruneblad, maTi kvlav gaqalkedonitebisaTvis (somex
mefeTa mmarTvelobis dros qvemo qarTlis mTlian mkvidr qarTul
mosaxleobas ar uaruyvia marTlmadidebluri-qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba da
dedaeklesia). anisis somexTa samefoSic mravali eTnikuri warmoSobiT
qarTveli cxovrobda, im droisaTvis ukve gamonofizitebuli, romelTac
saqarTvelos gaZlierebis da anisis TurqTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg
gauCndaT survili dedaeklesiis wiaRSi dabrunebisa. yovelive es (dava
samwysosaTvis) amZafrebda urTierTobas qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris,
aRZravda rjulis mcodneebs umaRlesi msajulis _ saqarTvelis mefis karze
emtkicebinaT TavianTi sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba.
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis Tanaxmad, mefis karze aseTi paeqroba-
kamaTi marTlac gamarTula. daviT aRmaSenebels `somexTa mefe~ da SahanSa
(anisis mefe) ewodeboda, magram mas qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebriv kamaTisas
qarTuli sarwmunoeba daucavs, Tumca ki daviT aRmaSenebeli, rogorc
cnobilia, somexTa mfarvelic iyo. `q. anisis mahmadianTa batonobisagan
gaTavisufleba daviT aRmaSenebels didis ambiT udResaswaulia. maTe
urhaelis sityviT, rodesac saqarTvelos mefem mefeTa sajdomi qalaqi anisi,
romelic samocis wlis ganmavlobaSi monobaSi iyo da anisis saxelovani didi
da wmida kaTolike eklesia, romelic mizgiTad iyo qceuli, gaaTavisufla,
maSin somexTa episkoposni da xucesni da moweseni Sekriba da akurTxa wmida
kaTolike didi zeimiTa~288. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT, es momxdara 1123 wels. k.
kekeliZis azriT, am dros unda momxdariyo qarTvel da somex sasuliero
pirTa paeqroba289.
mematiane wers: `Semokrba odesme winaSe mefisa naTesavni gularZnilni,
yovlad borotTa somexTa episkoposebi da monasterTa maTTa winamZRvrebi
mravali friad... da moaxsenes raTamca yo brZanebiTa misiTa kreba da yvesmca
sityvis-geba da gamoZieba sjulisa: ukeTu iZlivnen somexni iqmnen TanaerTxma
sjulisa da Tvisi sjuli SeaCvenon, xolo ukeTu sZlon somexTa, esoden
miemadlos, raTa arRara gviwoddeTo mwvaleblad da arca SegvaCvenebdeT~290.
marTlac, mefes ubrZanebia krebis mowveva albaT, TbilisSi. `mouwoda
mefemanca ioanes, kaTalikossa qarTlisasa da mis queSeTa episkoposTa da
meudabnoeTa da arsenis iyalToelsa, Targmansa da mecniersa berZenTa da
qarTvelTa enaTasa da ganmanaTlebelsa yovelTa eklesiaTaTa da sxva
mecnierTa da brZen kacTa~291.
marTlac, kreba warmomadgenlobiTi yofila. didxansac gagrZelebula
paeqroba _ ciskridan `cxra Jamamde~, e.i. daaxloebiT dilis 6-7 saaTidan
saRamos 6-7 saaTamde, magram ver dauboloebiaT, `veras uZles daboloebad~.
mizezi amisa yofila orive mxaris `orkerZove Zlevis moyvareba oden da cud
sityvaTa paeqroba, rameTu Sevidian SeuvalTa saqmeTa da Zniad
gamosavalTa~ .290
saboloo sityva mefem warmoTqva, igi mimarTuli iyo somexTa mimarT: `iwyo
maTda sityuaTa Tqmad, romelsa RmerTi moscemda ueWvelad pirsa missa,
esodenTa igavTa da saxeTa winadaudgeboda, axsnaTa sakvirvelTa mier
winadaudgromelTa da ucilobelTa, romliTa daanTqna, viTarca megviptelni
da dauyo piri maTi da upasuxo yvna da yovlad usityvel, viTarca odesme
didman basili aTinas Sina. ese mwvalebelni da esoden zargaxdil yvna da
yovlad uRono, romelTa aRiares cxadad Zleuleba Tvisi amisaTa oden
metyvelTa viTarmed: `Cven, mefeo, mowafe gvegone amaT moZRvarTa TqvenTa,
garna viTar vxedavT, Sen same xar moZRvari-moZRvarTa, romlisa brWalsa ver
mimwuTar arian ege moZRvar sagonebelni Tqvenni~292. am sityvebiT somexma
RvTismetyvelebma daamcires qarTveli rjulismoZRvrebi, romelTac ara
`moZRvrebi~, aramed `moZRvarsagonebelni~, viTom moZRvrebi uwodes. aseTi
Sefaseba calmxrivi rom iyo, iqidanac Cans, rom krebaSi monawileobda TviT
arsen iyalToeli, romelsac iqamde Targmnili hqonda dogmatikur-polemikuri
Txzulebani (`dogmatikoni~). masSi Sesul 31 polemikuri xasiaTis
TxzulebaTagan 6 iakobitTa, monofizitTa, xolo sami somxuri eklesiis
`somexTa~ winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli293. SemdgomSi igi somxur enazec
uTargmniaT iqamde somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moqceuli, somxurenovani,
anda somxuri ganaTlebis mqone qarTvelebisaTvis. es rom asea, iqidanac Cans,
rom somxurad uTargmniaT `evstaTi nikielis Sroma somexTa SeCveneba~, ara
mgonia eTnikuri warmoSobiT somxebis, Tundac qalkedonitebisaTvis eTargmnaT
`somexT SeCveneba~. uTargmniaT aseve `Tavni somexTa wvalebisani ocdaaTni~294
da sxv.
rogorc mematiane aRniSnavs, daviT aRmaSenebels uSualo monawileoba
miuRia qarTul-somxur paeqrobaSi da, cxadia, erovnuli eklesiis poziciebi
daucavs, saqarTvelos mefis karze sxva drosac gaimarTa kamaTi
sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebze. es momxdara Tamar mefis dros.
mematiane wers: `movides Zmani orni mefis winaSe msaxurebad, Zeni sargis
amirspasalarisani, romelni mas Jamsa didad gandidebulni iyvnes mefisa mier:
zaqaria amirspasalari da ivane msaxurT-uxucesi. yovelni mkvidrni mefis
winaSe iyvnes: kaTalikosi ioane, sulmoberuli, kaci angelozTa mosagre, da
mcireni episkoposni da sxvanica saqarTvelos warCinebulni Sekrebul
iyvnes~295. mefis sasaxleSi arsebul eklesiaSi qarTvel kaTalikoss
Jamiswirva (liturRia) aRusrulebia, wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg yvelani iq
myofni misulan sefiskveris SesaWmelad, maT Soris amirspasalari zaqaria.
misTvis mRvdlebs ar miuciaT sefiskveri, `rameTu iyo sarwmunoebiT
somexi~295. es uTakilnia zaqarias `da sircxviliTa ikadra aRtacebad
sefiskverisa SeWmad~295. amas Zalze gaujavrebia qarTlis kaTalikosi, igi
`cecxlebr aRtyinebuli~ amxilebda zaqarias. Seuracxyofili zaqaria mefis
sasaxleSi vaxSmobisas sajarod `sityuiTa hgmobda sarwmunoebasa Cvensa~295.
kaTalikosi ki, romelic iq iyo, `miugebda da auxsnida, winaaRmdgomad ver
SemZlebeli zaqaria ityoda: `me melaSqre var, ver keTilad mecnieri var
sityvis-gebad Senda, aramed mouwodo moZRvarTa sarwmunoebisa Cvenisasa, raTa
Cem wil sircxvileul gyon~, marTlac, `zaqaria waravlina kacni kaTalikosisa
mimarT maTisa Tanada episkoposTa, yovelTa vardapetTa da mecnierTa~295,
Camosula `kaTalikosi vanisa da yoveli vardapetni~.
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi, samefo karze `daidga samsjavro da dajda
dedofali, dedoflisa mosavi, daviT mefe da warCinebulni saqarTvelosani
erT-kerZo, mxargrZeli zaqaria da ivane erT-kerZo, mouwodes kaTalikossa
ioanes~296, daiwyo paeqroba. unda vifiqroT, rom es paeqroba sarwmunoebriv
momentTan erTad Seicavda politikurs da gamotaxuleba iyo samefo karze,
saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi, arsebuli winaaRmdegobisa `oTx monazonTa~ da
mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikos-
Wyondidelisa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris (mandaturTuxucesoba, `karis
garigebis~ Tanaxmad, mxargrZelTa `SanSeTa saxlis~ xelSi iyo,
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo).
paeqrobisas `viTar uwyiT, somexTa sityvamisveobisa, Zlieri RaRadi
aRuteves, cilobisa swori Zleva iqmneboda~296. qarTvelma kaTalikosma
somxebs mimarTa grZeli sityviT, romelsac gadmogvcems `istoriani da azmani
SaravandedTanis~ avtori. sityvis bolos uTxra somxebs: _ `Tu sarwmunoeba
Tqveni umjobes _ sadme ars Tqven mier Seicvalebis puri xorcad uflisad,
Tu Cveni umjobes ars Cven mier mRvdelmoqmedebuli Seicvalebis xorcad
uflisad~297. Semdeg mokamaTe mxareebs gadauwyvetiaT `saqmiT gamoeCinaT~, YTu
romelTa mier Sewiruli wmida msxverpli gadaiqceoda liturgiisas wmida
xorcad uflisa. Semdeg es ucnauri xerxiT SeumowmebiaT, kerZod, orive
mxares sami dRiT ZaRlebi daumSeviaT, Semdeg ki maT win daudgamT wmida
ZRveni. qarTvelTa Senawirs mSieri ZaRli ar gahkarebia, somexTa Senawiri ki
ZaRls SeuWamia. gamarjvebiT gaxarebuli qarTveli kaTalikosi Sesula
laSqarSi, romelTa meTauri – amirspasalari _ damarcxda am ucnauri
paeqrobisas. `esreT mxiaruliTa piriTa movles yoveli banaki. somexTa
viTarca myvari utbo, egreT dges uxmod, qveyanad mxedveli, viTarca odesme
mRvdelni astartesni~.
ivane mxargrZels amis Semdeg gadauwyvetia monaTvla, igi monaTlula
ioane kaTalikozis dros. masTan erTad sxva somxebic monaTlulan. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom mxargrZelebs TavianTi Tavi eTnikuri warmoSobiT miaCndaT
ara somxebad, aramed sparselebad, artaqserqses STamomavlebad. wyaroze
dayrdnobiT (vardani) mecnierebi maT qurTebad miiCneven, yovel SemTxvevaSi
isini iyvnen ara somxebi, aramed `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~, rogorc mematiane
uwodebs. isini `somxebad~ miiCneodnen somxuri eklesiis wevrobis gamo.
aseTive warmoSobis `somxebi~, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~ (eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTvelebi) mravlad cxovrobdnen taosa da samxreT
saqarTveloSi, qvemo qarTlsa da hereTSi. magaliTad, grigol bakurianis Zis
anderZis Tanaxmad, mis naTesavTa anda msaxurTa Soris yofilan `sarwmunoebiT
somexni~, `vinaica menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, rameTu somexni
iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~298. swored aseTi `sarwmunoebiT somexi~, eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTuli mosaxleoba tovebda somxuri eklesiis wiaRs da
ubrundeboda dedaqarTul eklesias.
unda iTqvas, rom zemoaRniSnul ucnaur kamaTSi Tamar mefe ar Careula.
mas agreTve ar unebebia, rom am Sekrebas `saeklesio kreba~ wodeboda, ufro
sworad, mas ar ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva. `mciredni iyvnes mun
episkoposni, rameTu ara kreba eyo mefesa~299.

13. anisis Sekreba (1218 w.)

erTi saeklesio Sekreba mowveul iqna qalaq anisSi, saqarTvelos mefis

brZanebiT. somxeTSi daviT aRmaSeneblamdec arsebobda qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli, es mrevli iseTi mravalricxovani da Zlieri iyo, rom maT TavianTi
saepiskoposoebic hqondaT. es ukanasknelni, cxadia, Sediodnen qarTuli
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. Cvens Zvel sabuTebSi Semonaxulia somxeTis
zogierTi qarTveli episkoposis saxeli samwysos Sesabamisad. esenia:
`mitropoliti somxeTisa~, `aneli~, `kareli~, `valaSkerteli~, `dadaSneli~,
amaT garda, arsebobda CvenTvis ucnobi saepikoposoebic.
rogor moxvda qarTuli mosaxleoba somxeTSi? somxeTi saerTaSoriso
savaWro gzebze mdebareobda. monRolebis Semosevamde es savaWro gzebi
bizantiasa da evropas aerTebda aRmosavlur bazarTan saqarTvelosa da
somxeTze gavliT. mxolod monRolebis dros, CrdiloeTis `oqros urdosagan~
dacvis mizniT, samxreTis urdos es gzebi jer Cauketavs, Semdgom ki ufro
samxreTiT gadauwevia. somxeTi monRolebamde zemoaRniSnul da sxva mizezTa
gamo ekonomikurad Zlier, ayvavebul qveyanas warmoadgenda. mis savaWro da
administraciul centrebSi qarTvelebic cxovrobdnen. Crdilo somxeTis
periferiebSi ki qarTvelebi mkvidr mosaxleobas warmoadgendnen. saqme is iyo,
rom IX-X saukuneebSi gaZlierda da aRdga somxeTis erTiani samefo, romelmac
SeZlo im droisaTvis daSlili saqarTvelos mravali mxaris Tavis
SemadgenlobaSi Seyvana, cxadia, qarTuli mosaxleobiT. magaliTad, yarsis, anu
karis, dadaSnisa da valaSkertis qarTuli saepiskoposoebi qarTuli
mosaxleobiT dasaxlebul miwebze mdebareobdnen. es qarTuli mosaxleoba VI-
X saukuneebSi jer sparsTa, Semdgom bizantielTa da arabTa mier somxuri
eklesiis uzomod gaZlierebis gamo gadaiqca mrevlad somxuri eklesiisa. es
procesi qarTul eklesias uyuradRebod ar dautovebia, Sesaferisi momentis
dadgomisTanave daaarsa am mxareSi qarTuli saepiskoposoebi, riTac mkvidri
qarTuli mosaxleobis nawili gadaarCina gasomxebis aSkara safrTxes.
amitomac unda iTqvas, rom samxreT saqarTveloSi ara somxuri mosaxleoba
`qarTveldeboda~ qalkedonitobis miRebiT da qarTuli eklesiis mrevlad
gadaqceviT, aramed ZvelqarTuli mosaxleoba, iqamde nawilobriv armenizebuli
somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqcevis gamo, politikuri klimatis
SecvlisTanave daubrunda mSobliur qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs.
anisSic mravalricxovani qarTveli mosaxleoba cxovrobda Tavisi
qarTuli eklesiebiTa da saepiskoposoTi. mraval axal eklesiasac aSenebdnen
XIII saukunis dasawyisSi. am axali eklesiebis sakurTxeblad da aniseli
morwmuneebis saqmeTa Sesaswavlad mcxeTidan somxeTis yofil dedaqalaqSi
Casula saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi etifane. mas 1218 wels ganuxilavs
anisis samRvdeloTa da mrevls Soris wamoWrili sadavo sakiTxi. radganac es
sakiTxi saeklesio iyo da uSualod exeboda sasuliero pirebs, unda
vifiqroT, rom Sedga sagangebo kreba samRvdeloebisa, romelSic patriarqTan
erTad misi Tanmxlebi da adgilobrivi, agreTve sxva sasuliero pirebi,
monawileobdnen, amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom 1218 wels anisSi Catarda
saeklesio Sekreba, romlis ganaCeni Tavis xelmoweriT daamtkica saqarTvelos
patriarqma da Tavis saxeliT sajarod gamoaqveyna igi, amoakveTina erT-erTi
qarTuli eklesiis kedelze.
1910 wlis zafxulSi anisis gaTxrebis dros niko mars upovia, qvebze
amoWrili qarTuli asomTavruli didi warwera. `mkvidrno amis qalaqisano
qarTvelno!~ _ mimarTavs patriarqi anisis qarTul samwysos, n. marisa da sxva
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, es `qarTvelebi~ Turme sinamdvileSi qarTvelebi
ar yofilan, aramed somxebi, oRond marTlmadideblebi. rogorc sxvaganac
mravalgzis aRiniSna, aseTi midgoma araTu arasworia, aramed araeTikuricaa,
radganac Seuracxyofs imJamindeli aniseli qarTveli qristianebis sulebsa
da xsovnas. es `qarTvelebi~ iyvnen ara `qalkedoniti somxebi~, anda
`qalkedoniani somxebi~, aramed namdvili qarTvelebi, rogorc eTnikurad, ise
kulturuli TvalsazrisiT. isini qarTvelebi rom ar yofiliyvnen eTnikurad
da mxolod konfesiuri kuTvnilebis TvalsazrisiT yofiliyvnen qarTuli
eklesiis wevrebi, maT Sesaxeb aRniSnavdnen kidec, rom isini arian
`sarwmunoebiT qarTvelebi~, Tumca ki aseTi termini xelovnuria da arc
gvxvdeba Zvel ZeglebSi, maSin, roca termini `sarwmunoebiT somexi~
mravalgzis gvxvdeba.
1218 wlamde odnav adre, rogorc ivane javaxiSvilma gamoikvlia, anisis
qarTvel xucesebs gaudidebiaT is misacemeli, rac maT ekuTvnodaT saeklesio
wesebis Sesrulebis Semdeg. isini gvirgvinis kurTxevisa da micvalebulis
wesis agebisaTvis 100 dramas Txoulobdnen. gaudidebiaT sxva misacemelic.
amas gaumwvavebia urTierToba samwysosa da samRvdeloTa Soris. 1218 wels,
roca etifane kaTalikosi anisSi CabrZanebula, qarTuli eklesiebis
sakurTxevlad `safiqrebelia, rom piradad TviT kaTalikoss anisSi Casvlis
miznad imdenad axali eklesiebis kurTxeva ar hqonia, ramdenadac am atexili
uTanxmoebis garCeva da mogvareba~300.
etifane kaTalikoss, rogorc aRiniSna, gamoukvlevia sakiTxi da ganCinebac
miuRia: `ityvis xmai saRmrToi: usasyidlod migiRebies, usasyidloT
miscemdiT~, mimarTavs igi anel xucesebs. `ara getyviT ukvdavi RmerTi: ra
momeciT me im madlis safasurad, rac Cemgan miiReT? Tu Cemgan usasyidloT
miiReT, arc Tqven unda gayidoT locva eris mimarT~.
`aw, sasono Cemno anelno xucesno, nu iqnebiT dasabrkolebel sityuaT da
nuca gardaxdebiT mociqulT mcenebasa, cudisa da warmavalisaTvis~301 _
daariga patrirqma erTi mxare _ samRvdeloeba, magram iqve mimarTa meore
mxares – mrevls: `mkuidrno amis qalaqisano qarTvelno, romelica ... igi
pirvelad didad pativ cemdiT, mRvdelTagan gixms locvai da wirvai, nu
gewyinebis maTTvis Zalisaebri misacemeli. ufrosad mxiarulebiT miscemdiT,
Tvinier daWirvebisa, `rameTu mxiarulebiT misacemeli uyvars ufalsa~ da
Tqven giyvarden viTarca mamani sulierni da maT uyvardiT viTarca Svilni
sulierni. locvasa nurc Tqven daakldebiT da nuca Tqven, yovelsa zeda
ufrosad saRmrToi igi siyvaruli erTmaneTisai moigeT, da amiT mieciT
sasurvo saRmrToTa mcnebaTa~301.
etifane kaTalikoss da masTan erTad saeklesio krebasac daudgeniaT
misacemelis odenobis samjer Semcireba302. es 33 tfilur dramaze cota meti
yofila. gardacvlilis ojaxidan xucess SeeZlo kidev waeRo erTi Solti
Zroxis tyavi. es misacemeli mTel saqarTveloSi wesad yofila dadgenili303.
etifane netar kaTalikoss anisel qarTvelTa saqme keTilad mougvarebia
da, cxadia, axal qarTul eklesiaTa kurTxeviT saRmrTo madls gadascemda
qarTul savaneebs somxeTSi.
[dawerili etifane kaTalikozisa anel xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb]
[1218 w.]
[sruli teqsti]

ityuis Гmai saRmrToБ: `usasyidlod migiRies, usasyidlod miscemdiT~. ese

igi ars, getyus RmerTi ukvdavi: Cem-da raБ-me gicemies madlisa misTuis,
romeli Cemgan miiReT? Tquenca hyiddiT didsa madlsa Cemgan usyidulsa ukeTu
me usasyidlod momicemies, arca Tquengan jer-ars syidaБ locvaTa erisa
mimarT.
aw, sasono Cemo anelno xucesno, nu iqnebiT dasabrkolebel sityuaT da
nuca gardaГdebiT mociqulT mcnebasa, cudisa da warmavalisaTu[i]s.
yovlad uwys[o] ars aRebaБ Tquenganca gu[i]rgu[i]nTa kurTxevisaTu[i]s
asisa dramisa... [a]rsT Zali edvas, puri aWamos.
egreTve mkudrisaTu[i]s, romeli Wirs... ufro SesWirdebis misisa sulisaБ.
egdenive asissa tfilurisa mieces da... puri aWamos da sxuaБ waRebaБ
Zalisaebrad. yovelive misacemeli mR[delTa ubrkol]ebeli iyvn Tquenda
mosacemelad.
mku[i]drno amis qalaqisano qarTvelno, r...ca... [igi] pirvelad didad pativ-
cemdiT, mRdelTagan giГms locvaБ da wirvaБ. nu gewyinebis maTTu[i]s
Za[li]saebri misacemeli. ufrosad mxiarulebiT miscemdiT, Tunier daWirebisa,
rameTu `mxia[r]ulebiT misacemeli uy[u]ars ufalsa~.
da Tquen giyuarden viTarca mamani sulierni da maT uyuardiT v[iTarca]
Svilni sulierni.
locvasa nuca Tquen daakldebiT da nuca Tquen. yovelsa zeda ufrosad
saRmrToБ [igi] siyuaruli erTmeneTisaБ moigeT da amiT mieciT sasurvo
saRmrToTa mcnebaTaБ.
ese me, etifanes kaTolikozsa CemiTa ГeliTa damiweria, odes anis[s]
eklesiani vakurTxen.
tfiluri asi drama igi iyos: dangi erTi g mieces da zroxis tyavi, romel
erTob wagiRia aqamdis, aw sawiravadve miscemdiT Tu[i]To Solts.
da Cuen saeklesioTa wesTagan rad SevicvalebiT? vinca ese Cemi ga[ge]buli
Secvalos, ar... brZanebaБ RmrTisagan da misTa wmidaTagan qoronikonsa Вlh304.

14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba

(XIII s. 40-iani wlebi)
 (ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb)

XIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Semdgara saeklesio kreba, romelsac

ganuxilavs SiomRvimis sakiTxi, amitomac SeiZleba pirobiTad am krebas
`SiomRvimisa~ vuwodoT. mTavarepiskoposi saba moixseniebs am krebas da
amtkicebs krebis ganCinebas, igi wers: `viTa wmidasa krebasa da wmidasa
mamamTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikossa ganuCenia
bWobiTa da didiTa mamamTavarTa da moZRuarTa CuenTa xeliT-werilni...
daumtkicebian, meca glaxaki: qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi saba xelis weriT
vamtkiceb~305.
krebis gadawyvetileba ganCinebis saxiT Camouyalibebia arsen kaTalikozs,
romelsac kanonis Zala miecemoda sxvadasxva saero da sasuliero pirTa
`damtkicebis~ Semdeg.
SiomRvimes saqarTvelos monasterTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili eWira
imiT, rom misi sameurneo sistema damoukidebuli iyo qarTlis
sakaTalikososagan. amiT gamoixateboda misi gansakuTrebuloba, sulierad ki,
cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis nawils warmoadgenda da mis yovel `sulier saqmes~
ganagebda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos mRvdelmTavari, romelsac agreTve
mwignobarTuxucesi vaziris wodeba hqonda xelmwifis karze.
arseni kaTalikosi krebis xsenebul ganCinebaSi wers: `viTa didsa da
mefeTa Soris sanatrelsa daviTs eneba... mwignobarTuxucesi vaziri monazoni
jdes da mamai memRime sulierTa saqmeTa maTTda ganagebdes... ar uc saqme
mRuimesa Tana arca qarTlisa kaTalikozTa, Tvinier locvisa da
kurTxevisagan, arca episkoposTa, arca vis sxvasa episkopozTa, arca mTavarTa
visme~306.
yovel monastersa Tu sofels evaleboda raime gamosaRebis gaReba
sakaTalikosos sasargeblod. aseTi valdebulebisagan SiomRvimis monasteri
gaTavisuflebuli iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZis Tanaxmad, valdebuleba am
monasters mxolod mefeTa mimarT hqonda, kerZod, es yofila Semdegi
movaleoba: `odes muxrans viyvneT, wmidisa Siois xatsa SegvamTxvivnen, sami
sefiskveri, erTi filas sazedaSe da farCiTa kapari gvievlogion,
mTavarmamaman memRvimeman moiRos juari misi, mas gvaamboron~207.
e.i. rodesac mefe mividoda muxranis sasaxleSi, SiomRvimis berebi
valdebulni iyvnen miebrZanebinaT mefesTan wmida Sios xati, romelsac igi
emTxveoda, aseve unda mierTmiaT sami sefiskveri da filiT (Cans, fialiT)
sazedaSe Rvino, kaparTan erTad, Semdeg monastris winamZRvars
mTavarmRvimels, mefisaTvis saamborod unda miewodebina jvari. sul es iyo
monastris movaleoba. am movaleobis garda, mas aravis mimarT araviTari
valdebuleba ar gaaCnda, arc kaTalikosTa, arc episkoposTa da sxva mTavarTa
mimarT. monastris am ekonomiur-materialuri valdebulebis ucvleloba
daadastura gansaxilvelma saeklesio krebam, magram amasTanave aRiniSna
monastris sxva movaleobac _ es iyo sulieri movaleoba. es iyo `locva
mefeTaTvis~ da kaTalikos-patriarqis saxelis moxsenieba liturgiis dros da,
cxadia, mefeTaTvis wirva-locvebis Catareba: _ `locvai wmidaTa mefeTai zeda-
ac da Jamniswirobani, viTa ZuelTagan... ukueTu Cven maTni moRvaweni viyvneT,
saxelsa Cuensa moixsenebdnen pirvelad~308, _ wers arsen kaTalikosi krebis
ganCinebaSi. Tavis anderZSi daviT aRmaSenebeli SiomRvimisadmi werda:
`mefeTaTvis locva aRasrulon viTa TviT werilni wmidani umoZRvreben~307.
marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebeli Tavis anderZSi wers: `arca qarTlisa
kaTalikozisa saqme ars mRvimesa zeda, arca vis sxvisa episkoposisa, arca
zveri, arca mefeTa, arca muxranisa mgeTa~307, magram iqve sazRvravs, rom
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos episkoposi, im dros bediel-alaverdeli da
mwignobarTuxucesi svimoni, unda yofiliyo SiomRvimis monastris saqmeTa
meurve, e.i. zedamxedveli. svimonis Semdeg ki es saqmeni momdevno
mwignobarTuxucesebs evalebodaT: `aw svimon bediel-alaverdelsa iyos
Sevedrebul raca saqme da sauravi maTi iyos, igi iyvofidis, romelsa Cuen ver
miviwineT da Semdgomad missa Tu missa adgilsa amiTve wesiT sxvai
mwignobarT-uxucesi iyos, igi iurvides~307.
maSasadame, eklesiis administracia marTavda SiomRvimes, oRondac
mwignobarTuxucesis xeliT. SiomRvimes samefo ojaxis gansakuTrebuli
pativiscema imiT daumsaxurebia, rom es monasteri misi erTguli yofila
tradiciulad, kerZod ki, daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvis didi samsaxuri gauwevia
Sinaur mterTan omis dros.
rogorc iTqva, SiomRvimis monastris marTva mwignobarTuxuces episkopossa
da lavris mamasaxliss evalebodaT. es mamasaxlisi monastris berebis mier
wmida Sios saflavze wilisyriT unda yofiliyo gamorCeuli.
`daviT aRmaSenebeli SiomRvimis monastrisadmi 1123 w. boZebul anderZSi
wers: Tu mamasaxlisi da winamZRvari, `miicvalos, viTa TviT wesi ars mis
winamZRvrisa Sios saflavsa zeda wilgdebai, amiT sxuai ganaCinon, Cuensa
darbazsa moiyvanon da Cven argani movaxsenoT da SevvedroT monasteri~309.
aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi winamZRvris gamorCeva scodniaT Sua wirvis
dros sakurTxevelSi, trapezze, gamosarCev kandidatTa Soris wilgdebiT,
SiomRvimeSi ki sakurTxevlis magier Sio mRvimelis saflavi yofila
wilgdebis adgilad miCneuli. `cxadia, wilgdebis mosawyobad winaswar erTad
Seyril ZmaTa `ganzraxva~ da kandidatebis dasaxelebis dros mTeli krebulis
`erTneboba~ iqneboda saWiro. aseTi nebiT dayenebuli mamasaxlisi kanonierad
`gamorCeuli~ winamZRvari iyo da sikvdilamde `ucvalebelad~, e.i.
Seucvlelad unda yofiliyo. misi gadayeneba da Secvla mxolod im
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda, Tu is mwvalebeli, e.i. eretikosi
gamodgeboda, anda `monastris orguloba, anu mefeTa Ralati da rjulis
Secodeba~ aRmoaCndeboda~310, _ wers ivane javaxiSvili SiomRvimis monastris
tipikonis patara nawyvetze dayrdnobiT, romelic T. Jordaniam gamoaqveyna
`SiomRvimis sabuTebSi~.
saqarTvelos patriarqi, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi movale iyo yofiliyo
`aRmsrulebeli~ SiomRvimis monastris mimarT arsebuli dadgenilebebisa,
amitomac werda saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb
arseni kaTalikozi: `me, glaxaki arseni qarTlisa kaTalikozi maTi...
aRmsrulebeli var~311.
saeklesio krebam XIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi kidev erTxel daamtkica
daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi SiomRvimis monastris mimarT.

[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb]

[XIII s. 40-iani w.]
...[ese viTa] zemoT daguiweria, me glaxaksa arsen qarTlisa kaTalikozsa
wame[biTa]... [qar]Tli[sa] ebiskopozTaTa wmidisa udabnoБsa mRВmisaTВs... da
ubrZanebia Cuen yovelTa Semdgomad maTsa... Ruwai da zrunvai mamaTa
memRuimeTa maTTa, ...[dawer]ili da dawyevai... me, glaxaki arseni qarTlisa
kaTalikozi maT[i]... aRmasrulebeli var... yovliTa zemoT daguiweria ara...
viTa didsa da mefeTa Soris sanatrelsa daviTs eneba... kma ars wmidisa
amis udabnoisaTuis, da maTni RmrTiv-gВirgВnosani mefeni da mouravad, viTa
igi masve Sina sweria gaCeniTave ni... [mwignoba]rTuxucesi vaziri monazoni
jdes, da mamaБ memRuime sulierTa saqmeTa maTTa [ganagebdes]...
ar uc saqme mRuimesa Tana arca qarTlisa kaTalikozTa, Tuinier locvisa
da kurxevisagan, [arca] ebiskopozTa, arca vis sxuasa ebiskopozsa, arca
mTavarsa visme.
da ars... mwer locvaБ wmidaTa mefeTai zeda-ac; da Jamisawirobani, viTa
ZueliTgan... ukueTu Cuen maTni moRuaweni viyuneT, saxelsa Cuenisa
moiГsenebden pirvelad... [moiГ]senebden.
da vinc es dawerili da gagebuli wmidasa udabnosa mRuimisasa
Seucvalos... [uw]indeli wmidisa mamamTavrisa iovanesi qarTlisa kaTalikozisa,
anu oqropiri qarTlisa kaTalikozisa, anu gabriel... [da rao]denni sxuani
SemdgomiTi-Semdgomad sxenan, ГeliT-werilni sanatrelTa... wmidisa
mamamTavrisa meliqizedekisi vin Seicvalos, amas yovelsa Sen... maT
sanatreliTa ГeliTa damtkicebuli, gina didisa daviTis anderZ[i da]…
siglebi maTi... Secvalebul yos, hqrisxavs RmerTi... krulia qristes RmrTisa
mier... amen.
me, arsen qarTlisa kaTalikozman CemiTa ГeliTa davwere yoveli ese
simtkice. da saxeni mtkice myofelni [akurTx]nes RmerTman da wmidaman deda-
qalaqman.
sxva xeliT mxedrulad:
[ese], viTa wmidasa krebasa da wmidasa mamaTamTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa
kaTalikozsa ganuCenia bWobiTa da didTa mamaTmTavarTa da moZRuarTa CuenTa ГeliT-
werilni... daumtkicebian, meca glaxaki: qarTlis mTavar episkopozi saba Гelis-weriT
davamtkiceb...312

15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263 w.)

1925 wels g. gozaliSvils aRmouCenia odesRac saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

(sakaTalikosos) arqivSi daculi piri saeklesio krebis dadgenilebisa,
romelic ivane javaxiSvilis varaudiT, SeiZleba XIII saukunisac iyos313.
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos arqivi Zvelad Cvens saeklesio dedaqalaq
mcxeTaSi unda yofiliyo, patriarqis karze. aRniSnuli sabuTi warmoadgens
1263 wlis axlo drois saeklesio krebis moxseneba-dadgenilebas saqarTvelos
mefis laSas Ze daviTisadmi. am sabuTSi naxsenebia mcxeTa, viTarca guli da
centri qarTuli eklesiisa: `pirveli aris Tavi sjulisa da eklesiaTai
mcxeTa~314. amitomac unda vivaraudoT, rom 1263 wlis kreba mcxeTaSi Catarda
da mas `mcxeTis saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, kanonier saeklesio krebebs saqarTveloSi
(rogorc bizantiaSi) mefe iwvevda. da igi mis karze, ufro metad, TbilisSi an
sxva Sesabamisi drois mefis sadgom-samyofelSi tardeboda. aRniSnuli kreba
mefes ar mouwvevia, Cans, igi TviT saeklesio xelmZRvanelobas mouwvevia
eklesiis gasaWiris gamo `Jamsa Znelbedobasa da saWiroebasa~315. amitomac,
rogorc aRiniSna, vfiqrobT, kreba saeklesio dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi Catarda.
krebas umsjelia da dadgenileba gamoutania sam sakiTxze, pirveli da
umTavresi iyo saeklesio mamulebis sakiTxi, meore Seexeboda eklesiis mier
`dakrulvili~ piris sakiTxs, mesame ki _ sasuliero pirTa Rirsebis
Sesabamisi pativiscemiT mopyrobis sakiTxs.
monRolTa usastikesi batonobis dros winaT Rirsebisa da pativiscemis
sagani axla mtris veragobis da siuxeSis wyalobiT Rirsebaayrili da
dacemuli iyo. dapyrobil qveyanaSi sarwmunoebas da sasuliero pirebs ukve
RirsebiT aRarc mTavroba da aRarc dabeCavebuli, usasod da ulukmapurod
darCenili xalxi epyroboda. amas damatebia mefe ulu daviTis `sibereSi~
dawyebuli qmedeba, mas saeklesio mamulebis sxva pirebze gadacema dauwyia,
rasac, cxadia, `saepiskoposoTa~, monasterTa da eklesiaTa `rRveva~ _ e.i. maTi
ekonomikuri safuZvlis gamocla mohyolia.
eklesias araTu saqarTvelos samefo xelisufleba, monRolebic ki
sifrTxiliT epyrobodnen, saerTod, RvTismsaxurebs monRolebi SeRavaTs
uwevdnen. `ukve 1254 wlis sayovelTao aRwerisas, rogorc wyaroebi erTxmad
miuTiTeben, monRolebs eklesia da misi msaxurni sagadasaxado davTarSic ar
SeutaniaT, qarTveli JamTaaRmwereli wers: `xolo xucesTa da monazonTa da
saeklesioTa ganwesebaTa ara Seagdo sazRavi, arca yalani, egreTve SixTa da
davriSTa da yovlisa sjulisa kacni saRmrTod gaCenilni ganaTavisuflna316.
`...mcxeTis sakaTalikoso eklesia 1254 wlidanve iyo gaTavisuflebuli
samonRolo valdebu-lebisagan~317.
eklesiis wevrTa samonRolo valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba ar niSnavs
imas, rom eklesia dalxinebuli iyo. eklesias iseve uWirda, rogorc mis
samwysos da igi eris beds iziarebda, rogorc amas aRniSnuli krebis
dadgenileba uCvenebs: eklesiis wevrebi sweren mefes: `gevedrebiT da vrekT
karsa mowyalebisa Tqvenisasa, moiwyineT Wrtvinva Cveni da siglaxake da
uqonebeli... oblad dasxmulni eklesiani RmrTisani SeiwyaleniT,
ganSiSvlebulni samarTliT SemoseniT, ixseniT dawunebulni...~318 eklesia
monRolTa batonobis dros Tavis Tavs uwodebda: uqonebels, glaxaks, oblad
dasxmuls (datovebuls), ganSiSvlebuls, dawunebulsa da mwuxarebisagan
mkvnesares (`mWrtinavs~). misi gasaWirSi yofna kidev ufro gaumZafrebia mefis
qmedebas, rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, igi odesRac eklesiisaTvis (e.i. RmrTisadmi)
Sewirul miwebs arTmevda eklesias da aZlevda sxva, saero, kerZo pirebs.
amitomac swerdnen mefes wmida mamebi: `aRuTqvi da aRusrule ufalsa yoveli
aRnaTqvami Seni~ da `umjobes ars ara aRTqmai, vidre aRTqmai da ara
aRsrulebai~319.
qonebas, romelic odesRac saRmrTod daiwera, `saRmrTodve xams
qonebai~320. agreTve Seaxsenebdnen, rom eklesiis qoneba igive samefo qoneba
iyo `saydarTa qonebai ufro Tqveni qonebaia~. Tuki vinme gabedavda da
mefisaTvis odesRac saCuqrad mirTmeul (saWurWle-salaroSi mdebare) nivTs
aiRebda da an mefes kvlav saCuqrad miarTmevda, anda Tavis saWiroebisaTvis
gamoiyenebda, cxadia, ar ascdeboda sasjeli. aseve imsaxurebda dasjas is
mrCeveli (veziri Tu sxva vinme), romelic mefes urCevda saeklesio miwebis
gasxvisebas, Seaxsenebdnen mefes krebis mamebi. mefes ki sigelebiT ukve
gacemuli hqonda saeklesio miwebis didi odenoba, kreba swers kidec mefes:
SegiZliaT faqtebiT darwmundeT, Tu am sigelebs gasinjavTo, `moaRebineT
sigelebi da niSnebi yvelai yvelas, visTvisca giboZebia~. am sigelebis gacemiT
mefem daarRvia `RvTisadmi aRnaTqvami~.
krebam icis, rom monRolTa batonobis gamo qveynis Seryeuli ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad mefes urCevdnen gamoeyenebina saeklesio
qoneba, magram saqarTvelos amaze ufro meti Znelbedobis xanac hqonia, Zveli
mefeebi ki eklesiebs pativs scemdnen. TviTon qveynis mpyrobeli araqarTveli
mmarTvelebic ki ar kadrulobdnen eklesiis qonebis xelis xlebaso. `viciT,
rome mravalni kadreben Jamsa Znelbedobasa da saWiroebasa, magra amis
uZnelbedesnic yofilan maSin Jamni, odes didi kaTolike eklesiai Senebula,
hasre, rome jafar amirad jdomila Tfiliss da qalaqi sparsTa hqonebia da
TuiT raimca mizezi aravin kadra saydarTa qveynis qonebisa da darRvevis
mnebebelman~321.
amJamad miCneulia, rom `saerTo gaWirvebis Jams eklesias SedarebiT
ukeTesi materialuri mdgomareoba hqonda... saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
nikolozi (1247/1248 _ 1282) urdoSi gamgzavrebula, romelsac yaenisagan
eklesiis dacvis iarliyi (sigeli) miuRia. `dacva~ gulisxmobda arsebuli
saeklesio Seuvalobisa da privilegiebis damtkicebas yaenis mier. yaenis es
sigeli exeboda `mcxeTas~ (sapatriarqos), `saydrebs~ (saepiskoposoebs) da
`monastrebs~ TavianTi yma-mamuliTurT~322.
miuxedavad amisa, 1263 wlis saeklesio krebis dadgenilebis teqstidan ar
Cans, rom `am saerTo gaWirvebis Jams eklesias SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba
hqonda~, piriqiT, eklesia maSin yovelmxriv, maT Soris, materialuradac Tavis
samwysos bedSia _ ukiduresad gaWirvebulia. unda vifiqroT, rom im
materialur SeRavaTebs, romelsac monRolTa xelisufleba eklesias aZlevda,
es ukanaskneli iyenebda xalxis saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad. eklesia, Cans,
gascemda mravals, magram misgan kidev ufro mets iTxovdnen, risi gacemis
saSualebac mas ukve obieqturad aRar hqonda, es ki eklesiis msaxurTa mimarT
kritikulad ganawyobda mosaxleobis erT nawils (rasac qvemoT ganvixilavT).
eklesiis aseTi krizisis dros mas saxelmwifo xelisuflebisagan mxardaWera
esaWiroeboda, amis nacvlad, mefem saeklesio mamulebis gacema daiwyo, riTac
kidev ufro Searyia eklesiis ekonomikuri safuZvlebi.
`samocdameaTxuTmetni Svilni xarT TquenTa guarTani da romeli mefe
TqvenTa odenTa WirTa, RuawlTa da gansacdelTagan ara xsnila, viTa
RmerTsa, Tquensa mxsnelsa, Tquen uxsnixarT... da am samocdaaTxuTmetTa
TquenTa gardasulTa mefobasa Siga... romelsa didebulsa, anu aznaursa, anu
darbazis ersa, anu glexsa aqvs sigeli Tquenda guarisagan boZebuli... rome
saydarTa sofeli vis zeda gacemul-iyos da eweros, Tvinier amisa, rome Tquen
gagicemian da gagiboZebian sigeliTa~323. - mimarTa krebam mefes.
zogierTi specialistis azriT, winadadebaSi `75-e Svilni xarT TquenTa
guarTani~ igulisxmeba bagrationTa sagvareulo, aRiniSneba, rom laSas Ze
mefe daviTi ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo 75-e mefe bagrationTa dinastiisa,
magram krebis mier igulisxmeboda ara bagrationTa sagvareulo, aramed,
rogorc wmida ninos cxovrebaze darTuli arsen beris (monazonis)
saqarTvelos mokle istoriidan324 Cans, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi miiCneoda,
rom bagrationebi `Svilni iyvnen arian-qarTvelTa mefeTa~, rom dinastiuri
aTvla iwyeba azon-farnavaz mefeebidan da ara, vTqvaT, aSot anda bagrat
bagrationidan. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gamoTvliT, laSas Ze e.w. ulu daviTi
iyo 65-e mefe farnavazidan. kreba ki Tvlida, rom igi iyo 75-e mefe, wyarod
miuTiTebda `qarTlis cxovrebas~. Cans, XIII s-is Cvenamde armoRweul `qarTlis
cxovrebaSi~ aseTi aTvla arsebobda.
krebis meore sakiTxi, rogorc aRiniSna, Seexo eklesiis mier Serisxuli
piris sakiTxs. igi, cxadia, agrZelebda pirvel sakiTxs da exeboda gacemul
saeklesio mamulebs. `saeklesio kreba mefe ulu-daviTs agonebda agreTve, rom
mis da saqarTvelos vazirebisagan darRvevulia qarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis is ZiriTadi debuleba (`wesi saxlisa da palatisa TquenisaБ~),
romlis mixedviTac `vinca vin~ eklesiisagan `dakrulvila~, saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mierac mizezis ganuxilvelad `Serisxula: mamuli dasWirvia da
laSqarTa Sigan ar SeSvebula~325. imJamad ki eklesiis mier dakrulvili piri
samefo karis (`vazirTa~) daxmarebiT aiZulebda eklesiis msaxurebs moexsnaT
`dakrulva~.
`ese uwesoi wesi nuRarodes iqnebis, nuc dagvemarTebis, visac
davkrulvideT, Tquenc SerisxvideT~, wers kreba mefes.
mesame sakiTxic _ sasuliero pirTa Rirsebis Seuracxyofis sakiTxic _
kvlav pirvelTan iyo dakavSirebuli. `arRaravisagan gvaqvs pativi, arc
sjulsa da arc ebiskoposTa, arc monazonTa, arc xucesTa, arc mRvdelTa,
arc mihronsa, arc qorepiskoposTa, yvelai yvelasa upatiod, Seuracxad,
ginebiT da basrobiT vhyavT~326.
`romeli mefe iqnebis upatiomyofeli, Seuracxad mxsenebeli ebiskoposTa
da monazonTaБ?... da Tu Tqven upatiod gyavT, vinmca ara Seuracx-gvyvna, vinmca
ara gvagina, vinmca ara upatiod da havad dagvxadna?~ _ Sestiroda kreba mefes.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, rogorc garkveuli aqvs ivane javaxiSvils _
`saqarTvelos eklesia mefeTagan Sewiruli miwebis Seuvalobaze uars ambobda
da sagadasaxado tvirTis zidvasac kisrulobda, oRondac Sewiruli miwebi
gaucemeli SeenarCunebina da gacemuli ukan daebrunebina~327.
`ezomis kadnierebisa da wyena-kadrebisaTvis~, rogorc kreba daemuqra
mefes, amis `mqmnelni varT: arca mihronsa gavxsniT, saqarTvelos eklesiaTa
davbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT wirvisa da naTlvisa da samkudroTa
ziarebisagan~328.
kreba ar apirebda daSlas, sanam mefe Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas miiRebda.
`saeklesio krebis monawileT surdaT mefeca da sxvebic daerwmunebinaT, rom
angareba da piradi sargeblobis interesi ki ar alaparakebdaT, aramed
saRmrTo sjulis darRveuli kanonebis aRdgenis wadili~329.
rogorc aRiniSna, Cvenamde moRweulia ara 1263 wlis krebis mefisTvis
gadacemuli dadgenilebis dedani, aramed Savi, samuSao piri dadgenilebis
proeqtisa, amitomac ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, krebam marTla miiRo Tu ara
gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos eklesiaTa `dabeWdvisa~, mironis gaucemlobisa
da sxv., ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, kreba `muqaris ganxorcielebas ar
Sesdgomia~330, da ukiduresi nabiji ar gadaudgams.
 krebis dadgenilebaSi ramdenjerme gvxvdeba sityva `vazirni~, `vaziri~. maT
braldebaT mefisaTvis eklesiis sawinaaRmdego rCevebis micema saeklesio
mamulTa gacemis dros. ivane javaxiSvili da sxvani fiqroben, rom aq
igulisxmeba uwinaresad imJamindeli mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondideli basili.
Cveni azriT, `vaziris~ qveS igulisxmeba ara basili, aramed amirspasalari,
radganac krebis dadgenilebaSi `mamulis gacemazea~ ZiriTadad saubari,
`dakrulvil~ pirs mefem mamuli unda dauWiros: `vinca vin dakrulvila...
mamuli dasWirvia da laSqarTa Sigan ara SeSvebula~331. es Zveli kanoni axla
`vazirTa~ nebiT moSlila, magram `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad,
swored es ufleba mamulis gacemisa da laSqris ufrosobisa ekuTvnis
amirspasalars. `karis garigeba~ wers: `amirspasalari sabatio veziri aris da
Tavadi laSqarTa da uamisod qveyana ar gaicemis, arca vin samamulod
Seiwyalebis~332. _ `karis garigebis~ es cnoba mniSvnelovani momentia da xsnis
Tu vis, romel vezirs an vezirTa jgufs gulisxmobda saeklesio kreba Tavis
kritikis adresatad, roca werda: `aw Tu vis davhkrulavT gamoaWenebs Tqvensa
darbazsa da TqvenTa vazirTa mohmarTebs~, da isinic eklesiis mier
`dakrulvils~ arc `mamuls uWeren~ da `laSqarSic uSvebden~. am ukanasknelTa
aRsrulebis ufleba mxolod, rogorc iTqva, amirspasalars ekuTvnoda.
amirspasalaris zemdgomobis qveS myof vezirTa jgufSi unda igulisxmebodes
mandaturTuxucesi, radgan `xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ es ori saxelo
erTad ixsenieba. amirspasalaris pativi `mandaturTuxucesis swori aris da
esec iqnebis, rome orive erTsa hqondes da ufro SanSeTa saxlisa aris eseve
orive xeli erTsa aqvs Tu orTa...~332. amirspasalaroba da
mandaturTuxucesoba SanSe mxargrZelis saxleulis xelSi iyo Tavmoyrili.
amirspasalaris vezirTa jgufSi unda Sediodes `amilaxori~. `amilaxori
veziri aris amirspasalarisa da amis xelsaa meabjreTuxucesoba~333.
maSasadame, rogorc SeiZleba gavigoT, amilaxori veziri, mrCevelia ara
mefisa, aramed amirspasalarisa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini erT jgufs qmnian
meabjreTuxucesTan da laSqris sxva meTaurebTan erTad. `mamulis daWera da
laSqarSi ar SeSveba~ swored maTi saqmea. isini arian mefis `vezirebi~ am
saqmeSi, Cans, maTkenaa krebis risxva mimarTuli da ara Wyondidelisaken.
Wyondideli iyo eklesiis erT-erTi meTauri da amitomac SeuZleblad
migvaCnia, rom mas waremarTa eklesiis winaaRmdeg iseTi RonisZieba, romelic
krebam ganixila da romlis aRsakveTad kreba mzad iyo saqarTvelos
eklesiebSi RvTismsaxureba Seewyvita.
saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurTa Zlier cud damokidebulebaze
amirspasalarisa da mxargrZelis mimarT wers Tamaris mematianec. rogorc
wina TavebSi aRiniSna, Wyondidelis aRmatebuli saxelo da xelisufleba
daemcro Tamar mefis dros, mizezi amisa iyo miqael kaTalikosis mtacebloba
Tamaris mefobis dasawyisSi, roca man Tavis xelSi aiRo Wyondideloba da
amiT, rogorc ivane javaxiSvils garkveuli aqvs, mefeze ufro meti
xelisuflebis mpyrobelad iqca. miqaelis gardacvalebisTanave Tamarma
mTavrobaSi Seiyvana amirspasalari, aqcia igi vezirad, amiT, SeiZleba vTqvaT,
daamcro Wyondidelis funqcia mTavrobaSi. Wyondidelisa da amirspasalaris
funqciebi gaTanabrda, xelisufleba gaiyo. `erisTavni da xelis mqonebelni
didisa Tamar mefisa... brZana damtkicebad Wyondidlad, mwignobarT-uxucesad
da vezirad... antone glonisTavisZe... ganaCina amirspasalarad sargis
mxargrZeli, kaci gvariani da aRzrdili laSqrobasa Sina...~334.
saqarTvelos mTavroba, Cans, Sedgeboda 7 ZiriTadi wevrisagan _ eseni
iyvnen `oTxi monazoni~ da `sami veziri~. oTx monazonTa jgufSi Sediodnen
qarTlis kaTalikosi, afxazeTis kaTalikosi, moZRvarTmoZRvari da
Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi. sami veziris jgufSi Sediodnen aTabagi,
amirspasalari da mandaturTuxucesi. `darbazs aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarT-
moZRvarsa, kaTalikozTa, Wyondidelsa da samTa vazirTa: aTabagsa, amir
spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~335, anda `amirejibs marTebso oTxTa
monazonTa da samTa vezirTa wvevao~336. amaTgan darbazobis dros umetesi
pativiscemiT mefe xvdeboda pirvel rigSi moZRvarTmoZRvars, Semdeg
kaTalikosebs da Wyondidels. miuxedavad mTavrobaSi ganxorcielebuli
cvlilebebisa, Wyondideli sami veziris da, saerTod, savaziros ufrosi Cans,
`vezirobis~ dros pirvel rigSi Wyondidels moiwveven, Semdeg sxva vezirebs _
sami aRniSnuli veziris garda, savaziroSi sxva vezirebic Sedian _ `Tu
veziroba iyos maT moaxsenon Wyondidelsa da aTabagsa. amirspasalarsa
(mandaturT-uxucessa), meWurWleTuxucessa, msaxurTuxucessa da
337
amilaxorsa~ . `didi ars meWurWleTuxucesi, aTabagobis dawyebamdi meoTxe
veziri iyo...~338. pirvelxarisxovan vezirad iTvleboda zemoT CamoTvlili sami
veziri, maT garda iyvnen `didi~ vezirebi, am sami veziris qvemoT mdgomni
(magaliTad, `didi ars meWurWleTuxucesi~), amaT garda, kidev iyvnen sxva
SedarebiT wvrili vezirebi da `mouravebi~. termini `vezirni da mouravni~,
`karis garigebaSi~ orjer ixsenieba270. wvril vezirTa jgufSi unda
Sediodnen, magaliTad, molareTuxucesi, monadireTuxucesi, fareSTuxucesi,
mesawoleTuxucesi, amirejibi, mestumre, meRvineTuxucesi, ganmgeTauxucesi da
sxva `uxucesebi~. vazirTagan, rogorc iTqva, mxolod sami iyo gamorCeuli da
mTavrobis wevrebad iTvlebodnen, oTx monazonTan erTad, Tumca ki, vTqvaT,
`meWurWleTuxucesi Zveli veziri aris da sabatio~340, aseve msaxurTuxucesi.
mTavrobis am wevrTagan, magaliTad, `laSqrobai da laSqrobis veziroba
amir-spasalaris xelT aris~338, xolo sasamarTlo xelisufleba
Wyondidelisa: `Wyondideli orSabaT dRes saajo karsa Sigan dajdebis~341.
oTx monazonTagan Wyondidels da mis, viTarca mwignobarTuxucesis,
xelqveiTs `sawolis mwignobars~ ekuTvnis `saeklesiaoni dasni~, garda
gelaTisa (gelaTi Cans moZRvarTmoZRvars ekuTvnis): `gelaTisagan kide
saydarni da sxvani monasterni da eklesiani, xucesni da monazonni da rac
saeklesio dasni arian yvela Wyondidelis da sawolis mwignobaris saxelosa~
arian342. aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT Tamaris istorikosis sityvebi: `monasterni
da saebiskoposoni yovelni eklesianni wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa
saeklesiosa gangebasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarc kanonsa ucdomelsa
da yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobissa keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisa~.
rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, `laSqarSi ar SeSvebis~ da `mamulis
daWeris~ Tu gacemis ufleba ganekuTvneboda amirspasalars da mis mimdgom
sxva vezirebs da ara Wyondidels. amitomac 1263 wlis kreba `vezirTa~ qveS
maT unda gulisxmobdes. safiqrebelia, rom 1263 wlis kreba mimarTuli iyo
ara `saqarTvelos mTavrobis~ qmedebaTa winaaRmdeg, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili
fiqrobda, aramed asaxavda saqarTvelos mTavrobis SigniT arsebul
winaaRmdegobas `oTx monazonsa~ da vazirTa, anu ufro sworad, Wyondidelsa
da amirspasalars Soris. ivane javaxiSvili werda: `...saqarTvelos maSindeli
mTavroba saeklesiod Sewiruli miwebis gacemis aucileblobas
343
amarTlebda~ . unda vifiqroT, rom ara `saqarTvelos mTavroba~, aramed
`vazirni~, kerZod, amirspasalari da maTi mimdevarni, romelTa xelSi iyo
`mamulTa gacemis~ saqme, amarTlebdnen Sewiruli miwebis gacemis
aucileblobas.
JamTaaRmwereli wers Wyondidel basilis Sesaxeb, rom samefos
aRmosavleTis sazRvrebis dacvis gamo mefis mouclelobis Jams `gandidna
Wyondideli basili da ujarmeli, da iwyo sauravTaca qmnad Tvinier mefisa
kiTxvisa da mefis imeriT yofasa Sina diad awyina sefeTa qveyanaTa, rameTu
viTar TvisTa xedvida~344, basili `...moakvdina mefeman uwesobisaTvis, rameTu
Tana eyo basili esuqnis da ara rida sawolsa patronisa mefisasa da Coxanica
aRixada da mTavroba miitaca, amis uwesoebisaTvis moikla basili~345. basilis
mtrebs xma daugdiaT, rom igi mefis sawolis Semaginebeli iyo. `amisaTvis
Sesmenil iqmna basili winaSe mefisa, romelman mswrafl moiyvana da brZana
Zelsa damokideba. damohkides Zelsa Sua-qalaqsa, rameTu iyo mefe mswrafl-
morwmune da litonica~346.
monRolTa batonobis dros Seryeula qveynis marTvis kolegialuri wesi,
roca mefesTan erTad saxelmwifo marTvis sadaveebTan idga `oTxi monazoni
da sami veziri~. mefe erTpirovnuli mmarTveli gamxdara. Zveli wesebis areva
da misdami upativcemuloba Cans basili-Wyondidel-ujarmelis moqmedebaSic,
roca man `Coxani aRixadna~, e.i. uari Tqva berobaze (monaznobaze), maSasadame,
igi `oTx monazonTa~ jgufSi veRar darCeboda. amis nacvlad, man SeZlo
`mTavrobis mitaceba~ da am `mTavrobiT~ marTavda, `awyenda sefe qveyanaTa~. e.i.
samefo domenebis faqtobrivi mmarTveli gamxdara. eWviani da malemrwmeni
mefec daurwmunebiaT, TiTqosda igi dedofalTan cxovrobda. magram mis mier
saeklesio mamulis gacemis Sesaxeb mematiane arafers aRniSnavs. amitomac
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom basili Wyondideli ar iyo gareuli saeklesio
mamulebis gacemis sakiTxSi. SeiZleba esec vifiqroT, rom mas cili daswames
imaTve, romelTac Tavis droze saxeli gautexes laSa-giorgis, roca man
moindoma laSqris xelmZRvanelobisa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sadaveebis
xelSi mtkiced daWera. laSa-giorgi, mama ulu daviTisa, damarcxda
mxargrZelTa Zlier ojaxTan dapirispirebisas, aseve unda vifiqroT, rom
basili Wyondideli damarcxda amirspasalarsa da sxva mis mimdgom vezirebTan
samTavrobo omisas.
yovelive zemoaRwerili kidev erTxel amtkicebs, Tu ra saSiSroebas
uqadda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, eklesiisa da Cveni xalxis zneobas
monRolTa batonoba. am dros yovelgvari zneobriv-ekonomikuri safuZvlebi
Seryeula. amis anarekls warmoadgens, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili fiqrobda,
1263 wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis dadgenileba.
[1263]. moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa mefisadmi

[...] gevedrebi da vrekT karsa mowyalebisa Tquenisasa, moiwyineT Wrtin]va

Cueni da siglaxake da uqonebl[oba] [qurivad da o]blad dasxmulni eklesiani
R(mr)Tisani SeiwyaleniT, ganSiSul[ebulni simarT]liT SemoseniT, iГseniT
dawunebulni, usajeT samarTali marT[a]li, raiTa marTalTa Tana daewesn[eT,
gamoiyvaneT upatio]ebisagan mwarisa, viTarca ityuis [wi]naiswarmetyuelisa
piriTa uf(a)li sabaoT R(mer)Ti w(mi)dai israilisai: `romelman gam[oiy]v(a)nos
patiosani upatioebisagan viT(a)rca piri Cemi iyosa~. romelTa pirveli aris
T(a)vi sjulisa da eklesiaTai mcx[eTai]. da ukueTu Tavsa, jereTca nedlsa,
esreT iyos Гel-ferx-TiT-mwuerv(a)leb(a)man, raimcaRa inayofes? ku(ala)d
ityuis: `aRuTqu da a[R]usrule uf(a)lsa y(ov)eli aRnaTquemi~-o, da `umjobes
ars ara aRTqumai, vidre aRTqumai da ara aRsrulebai~-o.
srul-yavT w(mi)dao da q(ris)te-mosilo mefeo b(rZane)buli ese, Tq(ue)ni
sityuani saqmiT srul-yveni: moaRebineT siglebi da niSnebi yuelai yuelas,
visTuisca giboZebia.
[a][r][a]Tu C(u)enTuis rasame da C(u)enisa SeZenisaTuis viwyinebiT, magra
saR(mr)Tod werilisa saR(mr)Todve Гams qonebai da miyenebai, da TuiT
saydarTa qonebai d(i)d(a)d ufro Tqu(e)ni qonebaia.
aw, Tu erTxel saWurWlesa Tqu(e)nsa Sina SemoRebuli, da erTgzis
Tqu(e)nTuis SemoZRunebuli, TualTa da margalitTa da WurWelTa oqroisa da
vercxlisaTa T(a)nai raime mcire, anu gina didi saWurWlesa Sina Tqu(e)nsa
mdebare gamoiRos vinme, anu Tqu(e)nve Semogwiros, anu waragos sadme -
niWnimc[a] mianiWeniT? anu pativni da qebani aRuvareniT? aramca ufrosi
risxveul da patiJneul hyaviT?
R(mr)TisaTuis SewirulTa adgilTa gacemisa vaziri, - mawyvereli,
maqneveli da mnebebeli gacemisai, viTamca ara R(mr)Tisagan risxveul iqmna?
vinca ikadrebs da gaqnevs, - viTa keTilisa mamoqmedebelsa, keTili niWi
mieniWebis R(mr)Tisa mier; egreTve borotisa mizezi - borotsa moisTulebs.
viciT, rome mrav(a)lni kadreben Jamisa Znelbedobasa da saWiroobasa; magra
amisa uZnelbedesnica yofilan maSin Jamni, odes didi kaTolike eklesiai
Senebula, hasre, rome jafar amir(a)d jdomila Tfili(s)s da qalaqi sparsTa
hqonebi[a]. da TuiT raimca mizezi aravin kadra saydarTa, queyanisa qonebisa da
darRuevisa mnebebelman? `yo(ve)li drkud mav(a)li mizezobad mza(a)~-o; magra
nu miscemT gzasa metyuelTa eseviTarisa metyuelebisaTa!
samocdameaTxuTmeteni Svilni xarT Tqu(e)nTa guarTani da, romeli mefe
TqvenodenTa WirTa, RuawlTa da gansacdelTagan ara xsnila viTa RmerTsa
Tqu(e)nsa mГsnelsa, Tqu(e)n uГsnixarT, da arca romelsa mefesa Tq(u)engan
ufro R(mr)Tisa gzisa daWirvai hmarTebia. da am samoc da(a)TxuTmetTa
Tq(u)enTa gardasulTa mefobasa Siga ufroisi da umravlesi Jami amisgan
uZnelesi da uborotesi yofila, viTa `qarTlisa cxovrebai~ gamoaCens.
romelsa didebulsa, anu aznaursa, anu darbazis ersa, anu glexsa aqu{s}
sigeli Tqu(e)nTa guarTagan boZeb[u]li, - da Tu vis aqus aravin dahmalavs, -
rad aravin gamoaCina, rome saydarTa sofeli vis zeda gamocemul-iyos da
eweros, Tuinier amissa, rome Tqu(e)n gagicemian da gagiboZebian sigliTa?
eseca iuwyos w(midama)n mefobaman Tqu(e)nman aw Sekrebulisa amis
krebisagan, wesi saxlisa da palatisa Tqu(e)nisai ese yofila: vinca vin
dakrulvila, raiTaca mizeziTa da saqmiTa, Tqu(e)n mierca Serisxula, mamuli
dasWirvia da laSqarTa Sigan ar SeSuebula.
aw, Tu vis davhkrulavT, gamoaWenebs Tqu(e)nsa darbazsa da Tqu(e)nTa
vazirTa mohmarTebs, b(rZane)basa da kacsa uboZebT - juari daswereo,
gawyromisa da h[a]vad gaГdisa nacvlad.
ese uwesoi wesi nuRarodes iqnebis, nuca daguemarTebis~ visca
davhkrulvideT, Tqu(e)nca SehrisxevdiT da ГrmliTa Tana-udegiT sjulTa da
wesTa samRdeloTa saR(mr)ToTa werilTa moZRurebisaebr!
Tu Tquensa mefobasa Siga ar SehkazmavT saydarTa da monasterTa da ar
uboZebT ГelTa maTTa saqonebelTa, vinmcaRa dauurva, anu vinmcaRa {ara}
hkadra Tqu(e)nTa sigleb-niSnebTa gatexai?
codvai egre brali da codvai ar aris, viTa codvisai saxed da igavad
dadebai m(o)mav(a)lTa da yofadTa JamTa da kacTaTuis mosaTxrobel-
mosaГsenebl(a)d.
araRaravisgan guaqus pativi, arca sjulsa da arca ebiskoposTa. arca
monazonTa, arca xucesTa, arca mRdelTa, arca mihronsa, arca qorebiskovsTa!
yuelai yuelasa upatiod, Seuracxad, ginebiT da basrobiT vhyavT!.
rad dahГsniT wessa saqebelsa, rad upatiod hyofT patiosnobasa da
sakrZalvobasa amis saxisa da saqmisasa? romeli mefe iqebis upatio myofeli,
Seuracxad maГsenebeli ebiskopozTa da monazonTai? Tquen siyrmiTgan
R(mr)Tiv-swavlulni xarT da saR(mr)Toni werilni zepiriT uwyniT: romelTa
saqmeTa moqmedi mefe iqebis, anu romelTai - iyuedrebis!
ranica pativni Tqu(e)nTa guarTagan zedsxmian ebiskoposTa da monazonTa,
masve Tqu(e)ngan viRirsebodeT. da Tu Tqu(e)n upatiod g(u)yav(i)T, vinmca ara
Seuracx-guyvna, vinmca ara guaginna, vinmca ara upatiod da havad daguГadna?
TuiT pir(a)d da zedaiT daRma amas gueubnebian mqonebelni da mnebebelni
saydarTa da monasterTa saqonebelTa qonebisani: `patroni ar daguadebinebs,
da arca waguiRebs, - romelsa sigliTa uboZebia, da Tqu(e)n ar dagidebT da
arca guemarTlebiT dadebinebasa, qrTamsa mogcemTo~. ama saqmesa Tqu(e)nve
swamleT da da[s]deviT emblastroi sakurnebeli!
nuca vin yalnobisa mizezsa SemoiRebs: raica saydarTa saqonebelTa yalani
hmarTebs, misnica mzRvelni varT da aras uku-vadgebiT. da Tqu(e)nsa Tqu(e)nni
Tqu(e)nTagan ganaRamca gmsaxurebdiT, Zalisaebr da SeZlebisa C(u)enisa!
ese amis krebisa, aw Sekrebulisa Zali yovelTa Soris sacnaur-yavn
w(midi)sa da TuiTmpyrobelisa mefeT-mefobisa Tqu(e)nisa w(inaS)e, romel, Tu
R(mer)Ti gurisxavs da miudrekeli da w(mi)dai gonebai Tqu(e)ni codvaTa
C(u)enTa simravlisagan midrkebis, da ese raica guikadrebia da moguixsenebia
ar dagueurvebis CuenTa wesTa raica guikadrebia da moguiГsenebia ar
daguervebis, C(u)eniTa wesiTa raica daguipirebia misni mqnelni varT: arcaRa
mihronsa gavГsniT, saqarTveloisa eklesiaTa davhbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT
wirvisa da naTvlisa da samkudroTa ziarebisagan.
Tuinier amisisa qmnis, sxuisa Ronisa yo(v)lisagan uRono varT!
da nuTu amisiTa qniTa, sxua sjulTa da sxua sacoTagan mefobasa Tquensa
sawyin(o)i raime Semouvides, da sjulica C(u)eni daknindes?
ezomis kadnierebisa da wyena-kadrebisaTuis, viTa saSinelisa R(mr)Tisa
saSinelebaTagan vZrwiT da viSiSviT!
garna saR(mr)Toni sjulni mefeTaca zeda mTavrobad b(rZane)bulan da,
sada R(mer)Ti daguWirdebis, mun yovelsave Seuracx-vhyofT! da `maunebeli
kacTai q(ris)tesmca mona ar viyo~-vo, - w(mi)dai mociquli pavle b(rZane)bs.
aw aqa Seyrilni da gauyrelni da momlodeni amisisa daurvebisani,
y(ov)elnive aqa varT da ulocavT w(mid)asa mefeT-mefobasa Tqu(e)nsa347.

16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453 w.)

Zvel saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba arasodes momxdara da

yoveli qarTvelis siamayis sagani iyo is, rom qarTulma eklesiam SeZlo
mociqulebisagan miRebuli marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis umwikvlo dacva.
saqarTvelos kaTalikosi kirion I Tu mnaTobi eklesiisa giorgi mTawmideli
ucxoelebTan kamaTisas xazgasmiT miuTiTebdnen amis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnul mosazrebas ewinaaRmdegeba zogierTi mkvlevari, romelTa azriT,
qarTul eklesiaSi wina saukuneebSic iyo ganxeTqileba, amis magaliTad
mohyavT XV saukunis Semdeg mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi TavCenili
saeklesio separatizmi, aseTi Tvalsazrisi miuRebelia. radgan saqme ar exeba
sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebas, arc erT modave mxares eWvi ar Seutania meoris
marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaSi. sadavo saqme Seexeboda mxolod saeklesio-
administraciuli mowyobis sakiTxs. kerZod, qalkedonis msoflio saeklesio
krebam daadastura Zveli saeklesio wesi, romlis mixedviTac saeklesio
iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciuls. am
kuTxiT Tu SevxedavT mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
saeklesio procesebs gansaxilvel dros, saeklesio ganxeTqilebad SeiZleba
aRarc miviCnioT, magram sxva sakiTxia eklesiis Tavdadebuli brZola
saqarTvelosa da misi eklesiis erTianobisaTvis.
XV saukunis Semdeg daiSala erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. es iyo
politikuri aqti, magram qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ise, rogorc sazogadoebis
gonieri nawilisaTvis, miuRebeli. qarTulma eklesiam aseTi samwuxaro
movlenis Semdeg Tavis Tavze aiRo funqcia politikuri daSlilobis dros
yofiliyo qarTveli eris sulieri gamaerTianebeli, rom qarTvelobas,
mcxovrebT ukve sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi, hqonoda erTi
sarwmunoeba da erTiani eklesia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, daSlilobasa da
imavdroul mahmadianur agresias SeeZlo uaryofiTad emoqmeda erovnul
TviTSemecnebaze da erovnuli gadagvareba, qarTvelTa sxva erebSi asimilacia
gamoewvia. swored amitom iyo miuRebeli qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebisaTvis
mesxeTis saeklesio separatizmi. maSasadame, rogorc aRvniSneT, aq saqme
exeboda ara sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebas, aramed saeklesio-administraciuls,
rac TavisTavad didi mniSvnelobis saqmea.
mesxeTis mTavrebi ibrZodnen mefisagan TavianTi kuTxis
damoukideblobisaTvis da warmatebasac miaRwies. amis Semdeg gadawyvites
mesxeTi saeklesio administraciuli saxiTac gamoeyoT dedaeklesiisagan.
yvaryvare aTabagma am mizniT gadawyvita aemaRlebina mawyvereli episkoposis
pativi da gadaeqcia igi sayovelTao mTavarepiskoposad mTel mesxeTSi, e.i. mas
unda damorCilebodnen mesxeTis episkoposebi. mTavrebs mesxeTis episkoposebis
CamoSoreba surdaT mcxeTis patriarqisagan, misi magivroba axla mawyverel
episkoposs unda gaewia. aseT qmedebaTa dros rogorc yvaryvare, ise mesxeTis
episkoposebi adasturebenen srul erTgulebas marTlmadidebluri
eklesiisadmi. TavisTavad am kuTxis eklesiac sulierad erTiani qarTuli
eklesiis nawilad, Tavisi suliT qarTul eklesiadve rCeboda, magram
damoukidebeli administraciuli saxiT surda Camoyalibeba politikosTa
nebiT. es ar iyo eklesiis SigniT mimdinare procesis gamoxatuleba, aramed
politikosTagan Tavsmoxveuli neba. maSasadame, Tu es survili
ganxorcieldeboda, erTiani qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi warmoiSveboda
ramdenime saeklesio administraciuli erTeuli iseve, rogorc berZnulsa da
somxur eklesiebSi. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, erTian berZnul eklesiaSi
arsebobda ramdenime sapatriarqo (konstantinopolis, aleqsandriisa,
antioqiisa da sxva), ramdenime samTavarepiskoposo, aseve iyo somxur
eklesiaSic (arsebobda ramdenime sapatriarqo da sakaTalikoso), saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg, maSasadame, unda warmoSobiliyo mesxeTisa da
dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio erTeulebi, Tavisi arsiT kvlav qarTul-
marTlmadidebluri da sulieri TvalsazrisiT nawilni erTiani qarTuli
eklesiisa, mxolod ekonomikur-administraciulad damoukidebelni. am mxriv,
rogorc aRiniSna, maTi qmedeba ar ganixileboda sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebad,
aramed politikur aqtad. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso arsebobda erTian qarTul
sapatriarqoSi jer kidev saqarTvelos daSlamde. daSlis Semdeg misma
kaTalikosma meti saeklesio-administraciuli TavisTavadoba moipova rac,
rogorc Cans, sadavo sakiTxs ar warmoadgenda mcxeTisaTvis. mesxeTSi
arsebuli separatizmi ki misTvis miuRebeli iyo, radgan mahmadianuri agresiis
gamo safrTxes uqmnida mosaxleobis sulier simtkices.
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqebi mTeli saukunis manZilze iRvwodnen
eklesiis gamTlianebisaTvis. TviTon kaTalikos-patriarqi daviTi, rogorc
Cans, Casula safaraSi, iq Seukrebia separatistebis mxardamWeri sasuliero
pirebi da `ujvrobiTa~ da `SeundoblobiT~ dausjia. kerZod, Cans, safaraSi
Casula daviT III gobelaZe (1435-1439, 1443-1459). mcxeTis sigeli gadmogvcems:
`...ese wigni da piri gkadreT Tquen qristes RmrTisa mier qarTlisa
kaTalikozsa daviTs me abelisZeman anCel arqimandritman qerobin mis Jamsa
Sedegad, odes mawyvereli da samcxis ebiskoposni Tquengan ujvaro da
Seundobelni iyvnes safarisa Tavzeda da Tqven didiTa xuaiSniTa makurTxeT.
aw dReisiTgan waRma Cemad dRed sikudilamde viyo Tqveni da Tquenisa
saydrisa erTguli da mefeTa mlocveli da yovelTa wirvaTa da locvaTa
Sina Tquen mogixseniebdeT. vinc Tqvengan ujvaro da Seundobelni iyvnen
Cvengan ujvaro da Seundobelni iyos. Tqvengan SeundobelTa ebiskoposTa
gverdiT Jami ara vwiroT sadamdis Tqvengan axsnilobisa da Sendobis niSani
ar mogvivides...~348. es sigeli, T. Jordanias Tanaxmad, dawerilia 1453 wels.
imave dros 1453-1459 wlebSi dawerilad miiCneva meore sigeli, romelSic
kvlav naxsenebia `safaris Tavi~, sadac Casulma saqarTvelos kaTalikosma
`ujvrobiTa~ da `SeundoblobiT~ dasaja urCi mawyvereli da zogierTi
samcxeli episkoposi349.
samcxeSi Casuli kaTalikosi, gawyromia agreTve safarisa da varZiis
berebs, romelTac gabedes da antioqiel-ierusalimeli mRvdelmTavrebi miiRes
TavianT monastrebSi. es ucxoelebi, rogorc cnobilia, iRvwodnen qarTuli
eklesiis daSlisa da TavianTi sapatriarqoebis sazRvrebis gafarToebisaTvis.
safareli da varZieli berebi sweren patriarqs: `ese wigni gkadreT Tqven
kaTalikozsa daviTs meufesa patronsa. dagideviT aRTqma... [Cven safarisa] da
varZiis ZmaTa mas Jamsa, odes mcbieri berZeni movida, cru winaswarmetyveli da
mcireTa raime sityviTa migvizidna. aw Tqven gagviwyeriT da kide umarTle
iyveniT, ....viTariTa wesiTa yofil varT, miTve wesiTa viyvneT arc misi wigni
vnaxoT, arc misi mcneba gavigonoT da arasTana misi aravirwmunoT. arc
umcxeToT Cveni mRvdeli da diakoni ikurTxebodes, arc javaxeTs da
walisyurs visaqmoT samwysobisa pirzeda da viyvneT Tqvenisa brZanebisa
morCilni...~350.
aqedan Cans, rom berZeni saeklesio pirebi, im dros, roca
konstantinopols osmalebi ipyrobdnen, dros ar kargavdnen da fiqrobdnen
TavianTi eklesiis samwyso gaezardaT qarTveli eris xarjze. isini midiodnen
saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi, aqezebdnen qarTvel samRvdeloebas, raTa urCoba
gamoeCinaT, CamoSorebodnen dedaeklesias da SeerTebodnen berZnuls. cxadia,
am dros maT mtkice marTlmadideblebad da samarTlianobis uzenaes
aRmsruleblebad mohqondaT TavianTi Tavi, Tavisi bunebiT ucxoTa mimndobi
da mSobliuris mimarT urCi qarTveli samRvdeloeba yurs ugdebda maT da
cdilobda dedaeklesiisagan administraciul gantorebas. ase misulan berZeni
mitropolitebi safarasa da varZiis monasterSi, am ambis SetyobisTanave,
rogorc sabuTebidan Cans, safaraSi Casula saqarTvelos patriarqi, kanonqveS
Seuyria urCebi, uRirsi episkoposebi ujvrobiTa da SeundoblobiT dausjia
da qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba gamousworebia. es momxdara 1453 wels.
cxadia, am wels safaraSi Sedga saeklesio Sekreba, romelmac miiRo es
gadawyvetileba.

17. samTavisis saeklesio Sekreba (1459)

sakaTedro anu saepiskoposo eklesiebs, romelTac `saydari~ (episkoposis
sayudari, e.i. dasayudebeli, sajdomi kaTedra) ewodebodaT, viTarca saeparqio
centrebs, rogorc wesi, gaaCndaT Semosavali TavianTi samwysodan, Cvenamde
moRweulia `samTavisis RmerTebis saydris samwysos dramisa da Sesavlis
wigni~351. Semosavlis aRmnusxvel am wigns aseve `gujaric~ ewodeba, igi
`ZveliTgan ganaCeni~ yofila. `ZveliTgan~ damtkicebuli es wigni, rogorc
Cans, xelaxla daumtkicebia 1459 w. krebas. wigni warmoadgens kanonebis
krebuls da exeba samwysos gadasaxads sxvadasxva sarwmunoebriv da
sayofacxovrebo momentebTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi
kanonmdebels warmoadgenda umaRlesi saero da sasuliero xelisufalTa
erToblivi kreba, romelsac gamohqonda kanonebi anda amtkicebda Zvels. 1459
wels patron erisTav Salvas winaSe misula samTavneli episkoposi grigoli,
mas mouxsenebia, mis samwysoSi warmoqmnili mravali uweso saqmis Sesaxeb.
Salvas brZanebiT: `SeviyareniT Cuen cxrazmisxevisa samisave xevis krebulni
da mamasaxlisni da ese piri movaxseneT samTavnelisa da juarsa da
omoforasa~352.
ese igi Sekrebila sasuliero da saero xelisufalni. iv. surgulaZe wers
_ `is garemoeba, rom `krebulis~ sapirispirod mamasaxlisebia moxseniebuli
gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq eklesiisa da eriskacebis warmomadgenlebis
SexvedrasTan gvaqvs saqme. YTu `krebuli~ saerosac da saeklesio pirebis
saerTo krebas niSnavda, maSin mamasaxlisi calke aRar iqneboda gamoyofili.
am SemTxvevaSi `krebuli~ cxrazmisxevis soflebis samRvdeloebas unda
gulisxmobdes~353.
es samarTlis wigni sazRvravs samTavneli episkoposis uflebebsa da
Semosavals. pirveli muxlis mixedviT, Tu romelime xucesi (mRvdeli)
ukanonod dawers jvars axlo naTesavebs, naTlia-naTluls, monataceb qals
anu im pirebs, romelTa urTierTqorwineba akrZalulia _ samTavnel
episkoposs ufleba aqvs orive mxares gadasaxadi daados, viTarca damnaSaves
da es gadasaxadi unda gadaxdil iqnas aucileblad, Tundac rom qsnis
erisTavma anda samTavisis mTelma samwysom (patronma da qveyanam)
uSuamdgomlon. am ZeglSi orjer gvxvdeba sityva `svindikinozi~
(svintikinozi), rac naTlias, naTlia-naTluls niSnavs. `svina~ - naTliaa, es
sityva aTonelTa nawerebSic gvxvdeba. am sityvisagan (svindikinozi) unda iyos
nawarmoebi - `svindisi~, `usvindiso~ _ unaTlio. Cans, niSnavs iseT adamians,
romelsac naTlia ara hyavs. naTliis movaleoba, Cans, aris ufro zneobis anu
sindisierebis elementebis Canergva naTlulSi.
meore muxlis mixedviT aznauriSvilebs marTebT episkoposs wirvisa Tu
wesis agebisaTvis miarTvan Sesabamisi gadasaxadi, esaa cxeni, iaraRi,
wasaxuravi (gardacvlilis wesis agebisa) da niSani. Sesabamisi gadasaxadi
ekuTvniT `msaxurs~ an `dabals~. samwyso sam SeZlebis fenad iyofa _
aznaurad, msaxurad da dablad.
mesame muxliT gansazRvrulia samwysoSi moRvawe xucesis gardacvalebisas
ra saxis gadasaxadi unda gadaexada ojaxs episkoposisaTvis, kerZod, xucesis
ojaxis gadasaxadi iseTivea, rogorc msaxurisa, Tu am SeZlebis araa xucesis
ojaxi, maSin `dabalis~ gadasaxadi mainc _ e.i. erTi xari unda gadaixados.
meoTxe muxliT kacis mkvlelis ojaxma episkoposs xuTi xari unda
gadauxados, moklulis ojaxma _ erTi. mexuTe muxliT colis ojaxidan
gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi qmarma episkoposs xuTi Zroxa unda gadauxados da ase
Semdeg, sul aris 27 muxli. eseni Seexebian kudian-mkiTxavTa, kudianis
damdaRavTa, msiZav-memruSeTa, uziarebelTa, xucesis mizeziT uziareblad
kacis sikvdilis Tu mounaTlavis sikvdilis, naTesavTa da naTelmironTa Sua
SecodebulTa (dacemulTa), qaliSvilis momtacebelTa, qmriani qalis
momtacebelTa, codvil kacTa jvaris damwerel mRvdelTa da sxva msgavsTa
gadasaxdels episkoposis mimarT. rogorc iTqva, sul 27 muxlia. safiqrebelia,
rom es `samwysos sakanono wigni~, romelic iyo `ZvelTagan damtkicebuli~, win
edo zemoaRniSnul krebas 1459 wels. krebam es wigni xelmeored daamtkica da
zed daurTo Tavisi axali brZaneba (sul sami vrceli winadadeba): `da aw
Cueni brZaneba ase unda gaTavdes~354. kerZod, pirvelis mixedviT kacis
mkvlelma, aznaurma Tu glexma `sisxlis mesamedi~ anu sajarimo gadasaxadis
mesamedi `RmrTaebas unda miarTvas~, e.i. sakaTedro taZris anu saepiskoposo
centrs unda gadauxados. es exeba samwysosadmi miweril qsnis soflebsac. es
`sisxlis mesamedi~ kaTedras eZleva `mokluli micvalebulis mosaxsenieblad~.
episkoposi, rogorc wesi, samwysos moivlida xolme, es gulisxmobda
soflebSi didi amaliT Sesvlas, romelTac sofeli unda gamaspinZleboda
erTi an ramdenime dRis manZilze, rac sofels xSirad uWirda. amis gamo
krebis win samTavnel episkoposs abrkolebdnen aseTi Semovlis dros. krebam
daadgina _ `samTavnels samwysoSi Sesvla veravin dauSalos~. es dadgenileba
anu krebis sigeli SemdgomSi mefe Sahnavazma ganaaxla355.

18. svaneTis `saeklesio krebebi~ (XIII-XVIII ss.)

Cvenamde moRweulia saeklesio samarTlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani

Zegli, romelsac `matiane suaneTisa krebisaБ~ ewodeba. maT pirobiTad
zogierTi specialisti hyofs `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa pirvel matianed~356
da `meore matianed~357. `saeklesio krebebi~ am Zeglebs mxolod pirobiTad
ewodeba, faqtobrivad, masSi warmodgenilia im pirTa sia, romelTac eklesiis
mimarT garkveuli movaleoba gaaCndaT, anda Rvawlmosilni iyvnen eklesiis
winaSe. am pirebis erToblioba (romelTagan umravlesoba gardacvlili iyo
da sxvadasxva dros erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad moRvaweobdnen), romelTa
dasaxeleba-moxsenieba anu `sicocxlis wignSi~ Cawera udides saqmed miiCneoda,
warmoadgenda kidec `saeklesio krebas~. ase rom, rogorc aRiniSna, aq
saeklesio kreba pirdapiri gagebiT ar igulisxmeba. rogorc Cans, esaa
eklesiis wevrTa mier momzadebuli e.w. `cxovrebis wigni~ anu `sicocxlis
wigni~ savaraudoa, rom pirveli qristianebi adreul saukuneebSi (anda
romelime qristianuli mimdinareoba) pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT igebda
saxarebiseul Txrobas uflis mier sicocxlis wignSi moxseniebulTa
gadarCenisa da meored mosvlis Semdgom saukuno sicocxlis damkvidrebis
Sesaxeb. Cans, pirvel qristianuli eklesiis wevrebi TviTon adgendnen
`sicocxlis wignis~ sias, romelSic SehyavdaT im pirTa saxelebi, romelTac
Rvawli miuZRodaT krebulis winaSe. ioane maxarobeli `gamocxadebaSi~ ambobs:
`vixile taxtze mjdomaris marjvenaSi naweri wigni... galobdnen axal
sagalobels da ambobdnen: `Sen xar Rirsi aiRo wigni da axsna misi beWdebi...
roca mexuTe beWedi aixsna, samsxverplos qveS davinaxe sulebi daxocilTa
RvTis sityvisaTvis... mieca TiToeul maTgans TeTri samosi... idgnen taxtis win
da kravis win spetaki samosiT Semosilni da palmebiT xelSi... aRar
moSivdebaT, aRarc moswyurdebaT, aRarc mze daswvavT da araviTari papanaqeba,
vinaidan kravi romelic taxtis SuaSia, aZovebs maT da sicocxlis wylis
wyaroze miiyvans da moswmends maT RmerTi TvalTagan yovelgvar cremls~
(gamocxadeba, 5:1,9; 6:9; 7:9,15-17).
am rwmeniT, rogorc Cans, pirveli qristianebis raRac nakadi an
mimdinareoba TviTve adgenda krebulis im wevrebis sias, romelnic RvTisa da
eklesiis winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis wignSi Caweris Rirsad miiCneoda. swored
aseTi saxis wigni, anu sia unda iyos `matiane suaneTisa krebisaБ~. misi
`pirveli matianes~ mTavari teqsti XIII-XIV saukuneebs exeba da Seicavs
svaneTis mRvdelmsaxurTa Semadgenlobasa da svaneTis eklesiaTa zogad
aRweras358 xolo `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa meore matiane~ svaneTis
cxovrebis saerTo daqveiTebis mZime XVII-XVIII saukuneTa xanas359.
rogorc TviTon `matiane svanTa krebisaБs~ teqstidan Cans, arsebula wina
saukuneTa siebic, romelnic dro-Jamis msvlelobis gamo gacrecila Tu
gamqrala, amitomac SeudgeniaT axlebi. saerTod, rogorc Cans, saqarTveloSi
qristianoba pirvel saukuneebSi, mociqulTa droidan gavrcelda, xolo IV
saukunidan is Seicvala qristianuli eklesiis im epoqisaTvis misaRebi formiT
da sayovelTao xasiaTi miiRo. pirvel saukuneTa qristianobas specialistebi
`iudaur qristianobas~ uwodeben, xolo Semdgoms _ `elinur qristianobas~.
rogorc Cans, IV saukunidan CvenSi gavrcelebulma elinurma mZlavrma
qristianobam ver igua Zveli e.w. iudauri qristianoba da am Zvelma
qristianulma mimdinareobam mTebs Seafara Tavi. es rTuli sakiTxia da amis
Sesaxeb albaT sxva gamokvlevaa saWiro, yovel SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos
mTebSi mcxovrebi qarTveli mosaxleoba Rrma qristiani iyo da
qristianobisaTvis mzad iyo Tavis dasadebad, Tumca zogierTi iseTi wes-
Cveulebac hqondaT, romelTac axsnas ver uZebnian da warmarTobis
elementebad miiCneven. erTi aseTia magaliTad aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi
e.w. `sisxliT ganwmenda~, rogorc cnobilia, zvarakis sisxls asxurebdnen
sxvadasxva Senobasa Tu nivTebze maT `gansawmendad~. es Cveva saTaves unda
iRebdes ara warmarTobidan anda iudevelobidan, aramed Cans
pirvelqristianTa an misi erT-erTi mimdinareobis Cvevidan, romelic `ioanes
gamocxadebis~ erT muxlze unda iyos dafuZnebuli _ `me vuTxari mas: `ufalo
Cemo Sen ici~. da man miTxra: `eseni arian didi gasaWiridan mosulebi,
gairecxes TavianTi samosi da gaaspetakes isini kravis sisxliT~ (gamocxadeba,
7:14).
kravis anu kuratis (zvarakis) sisxliT amJamadac xdeba `ganwmenda~
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, es momenti imis gamo wamovwieT, rom rogorc
Cans, ara mxolod XIX saukunis rusuli eklesiis wevrebisaTvis iyo ucnauri
saqarTvelos mTis mosaxleobis qristianuli wes-Cveulebebi, aramed
aRniSnuli `elinuri qristianobis~ dafuZnebis Semdegve e.i. ukve IV-V
saukuneebidan, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc svaneTis magaliTi aCvenebs iq
mcxovreb mosaxleobas udidesi qristianuli rwmena hqonda.
rogorc amJamad Cveni yuriT gvesmis sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia cru
mosazreba, TiTqosda saqarTvelos mTis mosaxleoba sarwmunoebrivad ara
qristianebi, aramed ufro warmarTebi iyvnen da maTSi Semonaxuli adaT-Cvevebi,
dReobebi Tu dResaswaulebi qristianobis mcire elementebis mqone
warmarTul ritualebs warmoadgenen. es mosazreba saqarTveloSi TiTqmis
orasi wlis manZilze inergeboda XIX s. rusuli saegzarqosos daarsebis
Semdegve da sabolood ganmtkicda XX s-Si aTeisturi xelisuflebis dros. am
mosazrebis sisworeSi amJamad ara mxolod baris, aramed TviT mTis
mosaxleobac ki dajerebulia. sinamdvileSi ki analizi da Zeglebi, romelTac
miekuTvneba `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa matiane~ sul sxva suraTs gviCvenebs.
`am metad mniSvnelovani sabuTidan irkveva, rom svaneTis eklesiaTa
mRvdelmsaxurebi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT Wreli da mravalricxovani yofila...
svaneTis eklesiaTa saqmianobas qorepiskoposni, mamasaxlisni da moZRvarni
warmarTavdnen... umravlesoba adgilobrivi yofila... X-XV saukuneebSi svaneTis
saerisTaoSi ramdenime `saqorepiskoposo~ yofila, maT Soris, mestiaSi (setis
monasteri), laSxeTSi, svaneTis `mTiuleTSi~ (zed qalaqs), aseve savaraudoa
svaneTis sxva adgilebSi. `svaneTis mTiuleTSi~ (XV-XVI saukuneTa mijna)
saepiskoposos arsebobaze `jafariZeTa sigelSi~ naTqvamia: zed qalaqsa kargi
sabatio gumbaTiani saydari juarcmisa saepiskoposo misiT omoforiTa
Semkobili, rac efiskopozsa da imisTanaTa saydars ekadrebis~360... svaneTSi
saerTo mniSvnelobis da ekonomikurad Zlier eklesias mamasaxlisTan erTad
meWurWle, molareTuxucesi, medroSe, jvris mtvirTveli da sxva moxelec
hyolia... etyoba svaneTis eklesiebi umetesad caiSelsa da cagerelis
meurveobasa da samwysoSi Sediodnen... svaneTis pirvel matianeze da
kvirikobisas eq. TayaiSvilma SeamCnia, rom svaneTis qorepiskoposebi xucesni
(da ara berebi) da saqarTvelos uZvelesi episkoposebiviT `colosanni~
yofilan... eq. TayaiSvilma gamoarkvia, svaneTSi drogamoSvebiT (sxvadasxva
saukuneSi) yvela sofelSi tardeboda saeklesio krebebi, romelSic mTeli
saero da sasuliero sazogadoebis SeZlebuli da Segnebuli masa iRebda
monawileobas, swiravdnen fulebs Tu xvadags, inaniebdnen codvebs,
acxadebdnen survils saeklesio matianeSi Sesuliyvnen `raTa meoreT mosvlis
dros mTavarangelozebs qristes winaSe TavianTi gvarebi waekiTxaT, svanebis
Rrma rwmeniT, vai imaT visac codva Seunaniebeli darCeboda, maTTvis
jojoxeTi gardauvali iyo~361. amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom saeklesio krebaTa
matianeSi ZiriTadad CamoTvlilia svaneTis mravalricxovani gvarebi. g.
gasviani mTlianad eTanxmeba am sakiTxebze eqvTime TayaiSvilis cnobebs,
romelic Tavmoyrilia k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis eqvTime
TayaiSviulis fondiSi. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom svaneTSi daculi
Cveulebis Tanaxmad, weliwadis romelime dRes, svaneTis soflebis eklesiebSi
ikribeboda mrevli, romlis drosac sasaxelod miiCneoda eklesiisaTvis
raimes Sewirva, maTi siebi Cans dgeboda kidec, rasac unda asaxavdes `svaneTis
krebebis~ siebi.
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, solomon I-is, Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is karze

XVII s-Si wmida mowamis luarsab II-is, ufro zustad rostom xanis Semdeg
sparseTma SeZlo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis erovnul-nacionaluri
saxis gamocvla imiT, rom qarTlis samefo taxtze mxolod mahmadian `mefe~ _
xanebs svamda. msgavsi viTareba iyo kaxeTSic. saqarTvelos kuTxeebi TandaTan
gamahmadiandnen (gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleTi kaxeTi, anu saingilo, qvemo
qarTlis mniSvnelovani nawili, aboci, taSiri, da mimdebare miwebi vidre
sevanis tbamde, mTeli mesxeTi, qvemo guria, anu qobuleTis mxare, afxazeTi,
sadac warmarT-mahmadiani Cerqezuli tomebi _ afsar-abazebi Camosaxldnen,
Sida qarTlSi TandaTan Camosaxldnen Crdilo kavkasiidan gaosebuli
dvalebi, qarTl-kaxeTis mahmadiani `mefe~-xanebis dros gagrZelda qveynis
politikuri daqucmaceba, urTierTbrZola mcire politikur-administraciul
erTeulTa Soris. mTel saqarTveloSi daiwyo qarTveli mSvidobiani
mosaxleobis tyveebad da monebad gayidva, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdebisa
da bavSvebisa.
aseT dros qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad qveynis spars-osmalTagan
dapyrobisa, aqtiurad ibrZoda qarTul-erovnuli saxelmwifos aRdgenisaTvis.
Cveni eklesiis meTaurebma icodnen, rom qristian-mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis
aRdgena ixsnida saqarTvelos yvela ubedurebisagan. imis Semdeg, rac qarTuli
eklesiis wmida kaTalikosi evdemozi mahmadiani rostom xanis winaaRmdeg
uSiSrad mebrZoli sikvdiliT dasajes (1643 w.), CvenSi TandaTan gaRrmavda
farTo gegma saqarTvelos `gamoxsnisa~ da `aRdgomisaTvis~. `gamoxsna~
gulisxmobda mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis aRdgenas, xolo `aRdgoma~ _
saqarTvelos dapyrobil-gamahmadianebuli kuTxeebis ukan, dedasamSobloSi
dabrunebas.
1. aseT dros eklesia midioda garkveul daTmobebze, raTa Tundac
dapyrobili qveynis saTaveSi mosuliyo patrioti moRvawe. 1705 wels
mowveulma saeklesio krebam qarTlis kaTalikosad airCia Zma vaxtang VI-isa
domenti IV. saqarTvelos mdgomareobis ramdenadme Semsubuqebis unari hqonda
vaxtang VI-s, romelsac taxtze asvla SeeZlo gamahmadianebis pirobiT, magram
vaxtangma ar isurva, ar uaryo sarwmunoeba. am dros vaxtangi sparseTSi
imyofeboda. `qarTlSi darCenilma vaxtangis mowinaaRmdegebma gadawyvites
esargeblaT am momentiT da qarTlis mefed daesvaT vaxtangis umcrosi
naxevarZma, znedacemuli da erismoZule kaci, gamahmadianebuli iese~362. maT
cili daswames vaxtang VI-s, TiTqos mas yurani daewvas. qarTlSi ajanyebis
dawyebis SiSiT SeZrulma sparseTis Sahis karma gadawyvita saerTod aRar
aeyvanaT bagrationebi (Tundac gamahmadianebulebi) samefo karze da qarTlis
taxtze asasvlelad gamogzavna iraneli moxele xolefa mirza-qafi.
2. `aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo domentim moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic,
Cans, gaimarTa 1712 wlis miwuruls. vaxuSti bagrationis cnobiT, am saeklesio
krebam erTxmad (`kaTalikosman, episkoposTa da samRvdeloebaman~) neba misces
vaxtangs qveynis interesebisaTvis mahmadianoba mieRo. saeklesio krebis aseTi
uprecedento gadawyvetilebiT domentim mkveTrad Secvala politikuri
mdgomareoba vaxtangis sasargeblod... imave krebam miiRo meore, aranakleb
mniSvnelovani da patriotuli gadawyvetileba, xolefa mirza-qafis gakicxvis
Sesaxeb~363.
krebis mxardaWeram ganamtkica vaxtangis poziciebi taxtis
pretendentobisa, amasTanave, xolefa mirza-qafi iZulebuli gaxda Seewyvita
Tavisi saqmianoba qarTlSi da ukan dabrunebuliyo363.
Sedga Tu ara namdvilad saeklesio kreba 1712 wels? vaxuStis cnobidan
Cans, rom kaTalikosma da episkoposebma neba darTes vaxtangs gamahmadianebisa,
nebarTvis micema maT krebis mowvevis gareSec SeeZloT. Tumca ki SesaZloa
krebac Catarda. vaxuSti ase gadmogvcems am ambavs: `eha ucxo, rameTu
qristesTvis iZulebulisa vaxtangisaTvis neba-mowmoba sces kaTalikozman,
episkoposTa da samRvdeloTagan. xolo amisa myofelTa gankicxes xolofa da
warvida ispahansve~364.
3. l. menabdis mixedviT, 1716-1717 wels mowveulma saeklesio krebam sulxan-
saba gakicxa. ratom? sulxan-sabas evropidan dabrunebis Semdeg gavida samiode
Tve, iese taxtidan gadaayenes. `domentim amis Semdeg SeZlo mcxeTaSi
saeklesio krebaze gaekicxaT sulxan-saba orbeliani, romelsac mizezad
daudes `wminda papis gineba~365. is faqtic, rom sulxan-sabas pirdapir ar
dausaxeles gakicxvis mizezi da `papis gineba~ daabrales, mowmobs, rom
orbeliansa da samRvdeloebas Soris uTanxmoebas politikuri mizezi
hqonda~366.
 1616-17 wlis saeklesio kreba, vfiqrobT, mowmobs or raimes. a. sulxan-sabas
e.w. `gakaTolikeba~ mxolod politikuri momenti iyo, saqarTveloSi
CamosvlisTanave man dagmo es orientacia, iwyo `papis gineba~ da male vaxtang
VI-s ruseTSi gahyva, rogorc marTlmadidebeli da daikrZala kidec ruseTis
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi; b. aRniSnuli wlis krebam sparseTs aCvena
garkveuli politikuri Jesti, radganac sparseTsa da safrangeTs Soris
urTierTkavSiri Rrmavdeboda, TurqeTis SiSiT sparseTi im periodSi
yovelmxriv uwyobda xels kaTolikobas da cdilobda kidec am sarwmunoebis
ganmtkicebas367. amitom, Cans, krebam `arafranguli orientaciis~ cnobili
sasuliero piri dasaja, aseTad iqca sulxan-saba evropidan dabrunebis
Semdeg, es iyo loialuri Jesti sparsuli xelisuflebisadmi.
vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gadasvlis Semdeg qarTli osmalebma daipyres,
qveyanas kidev ufro uaresi dReebi daudga, `qarTvelobas~ safuZveli
gamoecala. amitomac udidesi dResaswauli iyo 1744 wels Teimuraz II-is
qarTlis samefo taxtze mironcxebul, e.i. qristian mefed dasma;.
1744 wels Semdgarma saeklesio krebam anton I kaTalikosad gamoacxada.
Teimurazma da qarTlis gavlenianma Tavadebma erTxmad inebes anton I-is
sapatriarqo taxtze ayvana. amis safuZvels, albaT, warmoadgenda iqamde ori
wliT adre 1742 wlis saeklesio kreba, romelmac kaTalikosad airCia antoni.
1742 wlis ianvarSi sikvdilis pirze misulma kaTalikosma domenti IV-m
sakaTalikoso taxtze Tavis memkvidred daasaxela antoni. batoniSvilma
Tamarma, qarTlis samefo taxtis memkvidrem (meuRlem Teimuraz II-isa), moiwvia
saeklesio kreba 1742 wels, romelmac, rogorc vTqviT, kaTalikosad airCia
antoni, magram man uaryo es, ar ineba taxtze asvla da kaTalikosis maRali
wodeba misces urbnel episkoposs nikoloz xerxeuliZes. kaTalikos nikolozs
uaryofiTad axasiaTebs vaxuSti batoniSvili, igi raRac ubralo mizezis gamo
xanjliT gangmira erTma uRirsma kacma. amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna, vakanturi
adgili kaTalikosisa mefisa da mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT daiWira antonma
1744 wels. amave wlis oqtomberSi antonma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelmac
gadawyvita Teimuraz II-is koronacia qarTuli wesiT, e.i. mefis adgili
saqarTvelos taxtze daiWira qristianma mefem;
5. 1748 wlis bolos Sedga sagangebo saeklesio kreba, romelsac miznad
hqonia dasaxuli iseTive mniSvnelobisa yofiliyo axali saqarTvelos
cxovrebaSi samefo taxtze mironcxebuli mefis asvlis Semdeg, rogoric iyo
ruis-urbnisis kreba da misi gadawyvetilebebi. 1749 wlis kreba warmoadgenda
aRniSnuli krebis faqtobriv gagrZelebas. kaTalikosma antonma krebas
warudgina skolebis gaxsnis sakiTxic, krebis dadgenilebis safuZvelze
gaxsnila stamba;
6. aseve erT krebad unda warmovidginoT 1755-56 da 1764 wlebSi Catarebuli
krebebi. kerZod, 1755 wlis 12 an 16 dekembers Semdgari kreba, romelsac
ganuxilavs anton kaTalikosis mier `qarTuli sarwmunoebis~ (e.i.
marTlmadideblobis) uaryofisa da kaTolikobis miRebis sakiTxi, Semdgomi
mowvevis kreba Semdgara 16 dekembers, amis Semdeg imave sakiTxze kreba
Semdgara 1756 wlis 4 aprils. faqtobrivad, am erTi krebis samive mowvevis
sxdomebze ganixiles erTi da igive sakiTxi, ris Semdegac antoni gamoacxades
sakaTalikoso taxtidan damxobilad da aiZules daetovebina saqarTvelo. am
krebas politikuri miznisTvis iyenebda mefe Teimuraz II, romelsac hqonda
mizezebi legitimuri TvalsazrisiT saSiS metoqed mieCnia anton II. es sakiTxi
ganxilulia qvemoT. Teimuraz II-is gardacvalebisTanave, erekle II-m
ruseTidan daabruna antoni da sakaTalikoso taxtze dasva. 1764 wlis
oqtomberSi mas miuCnevia saWirod saeklesio krebis mowveva, yvelasaTvis
cxadi iyo, rom antoni ara sarwmunoebrivi, aramed politikuri mizezebis gamo
iyo ganSorebuli sakaTalikoso taxts. politikuri mizezis gaqrobisTanave
antons umtkivneulod daubrunes dedaeklesiis mesaWis adgili. mxolod
antonis mecnieruli warmatebiT Sewuxebuli samRvdeloebis erTi nawili
zaqaria gabaSvilis meTaurobiT Sexvda kaTalikoss mtrulad. 1764 w. krebis
ZaliT maT mefem male miuCina sakadrisi adgili;
7. xonis saeklesio kreba (1761 w. 23 aprili). mefe solomon I-ma ramdenime
saeklesio kaTedra aRadgina, igi werda: `aRviZvri gonebiTa, raTa JamTa
viTarebisagan ganryvnilni eklesiani ganvaaxlo~368.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa miseuli ganmarteba eklesiisa _ `eklesia ara
marto Senebani da Semkobani taZarTani arian, aramed savsebai igi maT Sina
SekrebulTa RmrTis msaxurTa erTa simravlesa ewodebis, romliTa ididebis
Ze RmrTisa da mxsneli Cveni ieso~368.
mefe solomonma ineba xonis wmida giorgis taZris ganaxleba da
`ganTavisufleba~, `da davayeneT mTavarepiskoposad erisTvis Ze mrovel
yofili ioseb~. rogorc wesi, eklesias hqonda mefeTa mier damtkicebuli
`samrevlo Semosavlis gujari~, `niSnis gujari~ da `saxuceso gujari~ _
yvela es saSemosavlo wigni xonis eklesiisa `dakarguli iyo~, e.i. eklesias
Tavisi mkvidri Semosavlis wyaro morRveuli hqonda da igi gasarkvevi
xelaxla iyo, amitomac `amazeda SamovkribeT: Tavad ufali Cveni netari
kaTalikozi besarion, ufliswuli Zma Cveni yovlad samRvdelo genaTis
mitropoliti ioseb, Wyondidis mitropoliti grigol, quTaTel mitropoliti
maqsime, Semoqmedeli mitropoliti nikoloz, mitropoliti daniel, bediel
mitropoliti maqsime, ierusalimis patriarqis veqili svimeon arqimandriti,
winamZRvari monazoni dayudebuli germane da sxvani erTobiT lixT-imerTa
krebulni~369. krebam `moikiTxa~ `eklesiis niSani, samrevlo, gamosavali da
saxuco~ da brZana: `niSnis~ Sesaxeb (niSani iyo is sargo eklesiisa, romelic
unda gadascemoda mas didebulis an aznauris ojaxidan, am ojaxis romelime
wevris gardacvalebis Semdeg, es iyo tansacmeli, satransporto saSualeba,
anda sxva raime piradi qoneba micvalebulisa, romelic eklesias unda
gadascemoda), rom `rogoraTac sxva samrevloSid iyos Tavadis da sapatio
kacis Svilis, aznauris Svilis niSani, egreT gangviwesebia~. krebam `saxucos~
Sesaxeb miiRo Sesabamisi dadgenileba. soflebis saydarSi unda ewira
mTavarepiskoposs, Tu ver moiclida mis magier dekanozs, anda
jvrismtvirTvels unda ewira, `sawiravi~ Tanxa an xarji unda gaeRo TiTo
komls erTi Sauri, anda erTi Sauris produqti (puri an Romi) `glexi mesame
weliwads _ Sauri mTavarepiskoposs da Sauri jvarsa da jvrismtvirTvels~.
krebam miiRo xonis taZrisa da eparqiis ekonomikuri cxovrebis
ganaxlebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebani, kreba moixseniebs Svid msoflio krebas
da oTx patriarqs, `Cvens kaTalikoz besarions~370;
8. nekresis saeklesio kreba (1762 w.). 1587 w. Sah-abasma kaxeTis mefes
aleqsandre levanis Zes waarTva samefos gaRma mxare _ kaki da eniseli, da
isini sasulTnod aqcia (pirveli sulTani iyo gaTaTrebuli mouravi
vaxvaxiSvili). es mxare im JamisaTvis nekreseli episkoposis samwysoSi Sevida.
`nekreseli giSelTan erTad darajad edga qristianobas gaRma-gamoRma
kaxeTSi, ingiloSi, WarSi (fifineTSi), belaqanSi, xunZaxSi, nuxpatSi da
sxvagan. 1746 w. lekebma nekresis eparqia daaqcies (ufro adre 1706 wels
amoagdes qarTuli sofeli vardiani). am mizezis gamo qarTl-kaxeTis mefe did
yuradRebas aqcevda nekresis eparqias. kaTalikos ioseb jandieris dros iq
nekresel episkopos dosiTeos ficxelaurs skolac gauxsnia. erekle meore am
skolisaTvis zrunavda. 1762 w. iosebma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelzedac
nekresis saqmeebis mowesrigebis sakiTxi wamoWra da saxelmZRvanelo
instruqciac Seadgina, rom nekresel episkoposs meti fasi hqonoda mTiulTa
TvalSi, daaxloebiT 1765 wels nekresis saeparqio kaTedra samitropolito
gaxda371.
1781 wels nekresis kaTedraze manglisidan gadaiyvanes ambrosi, magram mas
nekresi dangreuli daxvedria da SildaSi dabinavebula. 1795 w. Tbilisis
aoxrebis gamo igi ieremiasaebr hgodebda da mouwodebda xalxs sinanulisa da
gamosworebisaken: _ `SeviZuloT warmarToba, SeviyvaroT da davicvaT
qarTveloba~372;
9. erekle meoris mowveviT, jer kidev antonis dabrunebamde, 1762 wlis 20
dekembers Sedga saeklesio kreba. krebam gamosca `dadgenileba saeklesio
krebisa saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, romelic Seicavs 11 muxls. pirveli
muxliT kreba afrTxilebs episkoposebs `uaRsarebod aravin daagdos~, meore
muxli sauflo dResaswaulTa da kviris wirvaze mTeli samwysos daswrebis
valdebulebas Seexeboda. mesame muxli iTxovs episkoposebs mefisa da
patriarqisaTvis moexsenebinaT samwysoSi myofi eklesiurad urCi pirovnebebis
Sesaxeb, mis dasjas mTavroba iRebda Tavis Tavze. sxva muxlebi mouwodebdnen
episkoposebs, raTa maT yuradReba mieqciaT mRvdelTa Sesamoslis
wesierebisaTvis, exeba saeklesio inventaris sisufTaves, wmida trapezis
gadasafareblebs da barZim-feSxumis Rirsebas. moxuc, uZlur mRvdels, mis
Semdgom beds Seexeba merve muxli, mecxrec agreTve moiTxovs mcodne mRvdlis
msaxurebas. meaTe da meTerTmete muxlebi Seexebian episkoposebs, mouwodebs
maT mRviZarebasa da samwysoSi codnis gavrcelebas. krebis dadgenilebas xels
awers mefe erekle da kaTalikosi iosebi. am krebis dadgenilebis analizi
iZleva uflebas iTqvas, rom es ufro sasuliero-saero mTavrobis `uwyebaa~
episkoposebisadmi, vidre kreba373;
10. aseTive saxisaa sxva `uwyebebi~ gamocemuli erekle II-isa da anton
kaTalikosis xelmoweriT 1768 wels, saTauriT `episkoposTa mimarT, maTi
umaRlesoba da ukeTilmsaxuresoba mefe irakli da maTi uwmidesoba da
unetaresoba patriarxi mefis Ze antoni esreT ganvsazRvrebT, vamcnebT,
movaxsenebT da ubrZanebT yovelTa saqarTveloisa mRvdelmTavarTa da
mwyemsTa WeSmaritTa esreT~374. es uwyeba Seicavs 35-muxlian miTiTebebs
episkoposebisadmi, raTa maT akurTxon da samwysoSi iyolion Rirseuli
mRvdlebi da sasuliero pirebi, rom maT SeZlon Svidive saidumlos
sisruliT aRsruleba, eklesiebSi hqondeT yvela saWiro saeklesio wigni,
xalxs aTqmevinon aRsareba da aswavlon umTavresi locvebi. eklesiebi iqonion
sufTad, trapezi Semosili, mRvdlis Sesamoseli mTeli da sufTa, raTa
eklesiebSi iyvnen umTavresi xatebi, eklesiis moxatuloba saWiroebis mixedviT
ganaaxlon, sasuliero pirebma sakvebi miiRon zomierad, ar daTvrnen, soflis
mkiTxavebi da jadoqrebi Tu ar moinanieben, daisajon, xeebsa da raime niSnebs
xalxma Tayvani ar sces, uqme dRe daicvan, vinc ar iuqmebs, 40 joxi daartyan
(glexebs), an mefes gadascen (`maRali vinme~), eklesiis mamulis gacema
aikrZalos, eklesiis xatebi mxatvrebis mier daixatos, saeklesio wignebi ki
stamburi SeiZinon, saqarTvelos eklesiebi mamaTa mier mocemuli kanonebiT
moewyvnen: `viTarca ars yovelsa samarTlmadideblosa qveyanasa Sina
saberZneTisa da ruseTisa, egreT jer ars CuenTaca eklesiaTa Sina~375.
arsebobs mosazreba, TiTqosda zaqaria gabaSvilis moTxovniT 1768 wlis
krebam dawva antonis `apoloRia~ da `miwyale~, TiTqosda antons Seefica
krebisaTvis, rom am Txzulebebs dawvavda376, rac saeWvoa. 1765 wlis 16
noembris saeklesio krebam erekles winadadebiT gaauqma mefis disa da
giorgi amilaxoris qorwineba, rac iqca sababad cnobili SeTqmulebisa paata
vaxtang VI-is Zis meTaurobiT, romelic CaxSobil iqna377;
11. T. Jordanias cnobiT, daaxloebiT 1779 wels Sedga saeklesio kreba rva
mTavarepiskoposis da mTavrobis monawileobiT. `daadgines, rom Tavidan
CamoecilebinaT samSoblos moRalate Tavadebi da samudamod gaeuqmebinaT
qsnisa da aragvis saerisTavoebi~378.

20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756 w.w.) kreba

Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is karze Semdgar saeklesio krebaTa Soris

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania 1755-1756 wels Semdgari kreba, romelmac
ganixila anton I-is e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ sakiTxi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mraval gamoCenil mecnier-istorikoss aeWvebda antonis
e.w. `gakaTolikeba~ da mas miiCnevda legitimur niadagze warmoSobil
ciliswamebad. am mecnierTa Soris upirvelesad unda davasaxeloT gamoCenili
istorikosi vaxuSti batoniSvili. man saqarTvelos istoriis kvlevas
miudgomeli da obieqturi TvalsazrisiT miuZRvna mTeli Tavisi sicocxle.
bolo informacia misi uzarmazari monografiisa eZRvneba swored anton
kaTalikoss, romelSic naTqvamia: `SeuTqves kaxT antons frangoba mterobiT~,
esaa, rogorc aRvniSneT, misi istoriis bolo winadadeba qronologiur
nawilSi (damatebis saxiT erTvis ZiriTad Sromas), amis Semdeg vaxuStis
aRaraferi dauweria da male gardaicvala kidec (1758 wlis 4 Tebervali).
qristiani da morwmune kaci, udidesi pasuxismgeblobis mqone istorikosi
sikvdilis win sicrues ar Cawerda Tavis naSromSi. miT umetes, rom vaxuStim
sagangebod gamoikvlia antonis e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ saqme, risTvisac piradad
Sexvda moskovSi Casul antons 1757 wels. vaxuStis cnoba mniSvnelovania imiT,
rom igi Tanamedrove iyo movlenisa.
aRsaniSnavia, movlenasTan axlomdgom udides istorikosebs mari broses,
d. CubiniSvilsa da a. cagarels hqondaT vaxuStis msgavsi mosazreba, `rom
antoni laTinur unias ar Seucdenia da saqarTvelodan misi gaZeveba aixsneba
mxolod eWvebiT, romelic samRvdeloebaSi gaCnda antonis da italieli
misionerebis daaxloebis gamo (a. cagarelisa da d. CubiniSvilis azriT), anu
ubralod raRac mizeziT mefesa da antons Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebis
gamo (m. broses azriT). antonis `gaZevebis namdvili mizezi srulad ar aris
gamorkveuli, rac SeiZleba iTqvas amis Sesaxeb isaa, rom kaTolikosma dakarga
mefeebis ndoba raRac mizezis gamo, rac istorikosebs jer ver
gaurkveviaT~379.
ai, rogor warimarTa antonis e.w. gakaTolikebis saqme: yvelasaTvis, maT
Soris, antonisaTvis moulodnelad, 1755 wlis miwuruls, kaTalikosi
daapatimres, dilegSi Casves, gakriWes, `sisxli adines~, rogorc Cans, cemiT an
upatio mopyrobiT. dilegSi, anu sakanSi yofnisas antonTan agzavnidnen
misadmi mtrulad ganwyobil sasuliero pirebs dakiTxvis mizniT, romelTa
pasuxebze dafuZnebiTac mefem da saeklesio krebam gadawyvita kaTalikosis
umkacresi dasja ise, rom braldebuli arc naxes da arc mousmines. rogorc
aRiniSna, antoni `gakriWes da sapyrobiles misces. gakriWes yvela misi
Tanaziaric~380.
dapatimrebis win antoni seriozulad iyo avad. `mzametyvelebis~ werisas
`TavauRebelma muSaobam antoni daasneula. Tavad kaTalikosis gadmocemiT,
naTesavebi, mefis Svilebi urCevdnen mas xeli aeRo mZime Sromaze, eqimebic
ukrZalavdnen, vinaidan zurgis marjvena mxares, RviZlis siaxloves tkivilebi
daewyo~381.
dapatimrebulma antonma gadawyvita mefisaTvis TxovniT miemarTa:
`mefisadmi wardgenil TxovnaSi Cans, rom antoni sapyrobileSia. misi
urTierToba mefesTan zaqaria gabaSvilis, kaTalikosis Seurigebeli mtris,
meSveobiT xorcieldeba. antoni382.
aseT mdgomareobaSi myofma antonma, romelmac ar icoda ra xdeboda mis
gare samyaroSi da eloda sikvdils, mefes mimarTa TxovniT, miecaT qveynis
datovebis neba, Tu amis nebasac ar momcemT, swerda igi mefes _ `maSin sjobia
momklaT~383.
platon ioselianis Canaweridan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom jer daapatimres
antoni da mxolod Semdgom Seudgnen im sababis moZiebas, rac safuZvlad
daedeboda antonis gamtyunebas. Tavdapirvelad, zaqaria gabaSvilze ufro
adre, dapatimrebul antonTan SeugzavniaT ori arqimandriti. maT mier
antonisadmi micemuli kiTxvebidan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom antons jer kidev
ar debdnen bralad `gakaTolikebas~, aramed cdilobdnen misTvis urwmunoeba
daebralebinaT: `wargzavnil arqimandritebs kaTolikosisaTvis ukiTxavT,
swams Tu ara mas RmerTi. kaTalikoss pasuxi ar gaucia, rac arqimandritebs
krebisaTvis mouxsenebiaT. es orjer da samjer ganmeorebula, mesamed, icoda
ra, rom eklesiis kanonebiT samgzis dakiTxvis Semdeg braldebuls
asamarTleben, Tuki igi Tavs ver imarTlebs, kaTalikoss fsalmunis
sityvebiT upasuxnia: `Tqva ugunurma gulsa Sina Tvissa: ara ars RmerTi~,
saerTod, Tavidan kaTolikosi mtkiced idga da ar surda moenaniebina~384.
krebam 1755 wlis 16 dekembers gankveTa antoni, aukrZala RvTismsaxureba.
Sedga Tu ara namdvilad krebebi? dilegSi damwyvdeulma antonma Semdeg
gadawyvita `monanieba~, ris sanacvlodac mefes mosTxova sagangebo sabuTi
ruseTSi warsadgenad. am sabuTis dedani antonma TviTonve dawera da mefes
gaugzavna xelmosawerad. mefem am sabuTs xeli ar moawera, magram sanacvlod
gadasca saeklesio krebebis ganCinebebidan amonaweri. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
sinamdvileSi Sedga Sekrebani, sadac Tavis droze dokumentebi ar Seqmnila,
magram radganac antoni iTxovda dokumentebs sagangebod misTvis gadasacemad,
ukana ricxviT Seadgines krebebis aqtebi da gadasces antons. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, CvenTvis xelmisawvdom ambrosi nekreselis krebulSi 1755-56
wlebis saeklesio krebaTa aqtebs xelmowerebi ar aqvs385.
1755 wlis 16 dekembers mowveul saeklesio krebas gamoucia ori aqti,
pirvelSi naTqvamia: `q. Cven cxebulman saqarTvelosaman Teimuraz da Zeman
Cvenman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtkiceT da
ucvaleblad davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoveT antoni kaTalikozi romaelTa
sarwmunoebaTa aRmsareblad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracxmqmnelad. amas
zeda SevikribeniT sabrZanebelTa Sina CvenTa qarTlisa da kaxeTisa
mitropolitni da episkoposni, arqimandritni da winamZRvarni, agre orTave
samefoTa mTavarni da darbazis erni. mouvlineT mociqulni, vkiTxeT da
vamxileT misi boroti cTomileba. xolo man saanjmnoda aRiara Cvenisa
sarwmunoebisagan midreka da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica. ese
aw Sekrebulman wmidaman krebaman ugulebel hyo da antoni kaTalikozi
samociqulosa saydarisa da kaTolike eklesiisagan jerovnad aRmovfxvariT
da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT...~386. iqve fics deben mefeni _ Teimurazi da
erekle, ar Secvalon es gadawyvetileba.
rogorc iTqva, imave 1755 wlis 16 dekembers Semdgarma krebam gamosca e.w.
`sinanulad gankanoneba~, romelSic meordeba aRniSnuli teqsti. Semdgom
naTqvamia, rom dasjidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg antoni `kualad cnobad
movida, sinanulad iwyo da agreTve qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba, fici
da aRTqma daudva~387. krebam aseTi sakanono daado antons: `radgan aTvrameti
Tve hqonda wvalebasa Sina sxvasa sinanulisa gareT, aTvrametive Tve
wirvisagan daayenes. mereRa Semdgomac aTvrametis Tvis Seiwynares da wirva
misces...~387. iqve, kreba iTxovs monaniebis Semdegac antoni aRar aiyvanon
sakaTalikoso taxtze. ufleba misces darCeniliyo saqarTveloSive, anda
wasuliyo romelime marTlmadideblur qveyanaSi. krebis am gadawyvetilebis
safuZveli iyo antonis mier micemuli Txovna `xelwerili~, masSi naTqvamia
igive, rac krebam gaimeora. TxovnaSi antoni `aRiarebda~, rom igi Secda da
cxadad aRiara `laTinTa sarwmunoeba~, risTvisac samarTlianad daisaja,
`xolo ukanasknel cnobad ra moved da vcan WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, viwye
tirilad, godebad da sinanulad da amasTan uarvyav borotad madidebloba
laTinTa~387. igi umorCilesad iTxovs Tvrameti Tvis Semdeg miscen wirvis
aRsrulebis neba, radganac amdeni xani TiTqosda igi `kaTolike~ iyo. Tu
wirvis nebas miscemdnenamiT antoni mRvdlobis madls daibrunebda.
`xelwerilSi~ amitomac debda pirobas, SeCvenebuli viyo Tu `Semdgomad
mRvdlobisa SurisgebisaTvis mefe, anu episkoposi, anu mRvdeli vswyevlo
saqarTvelosa Sina~388.
rogorc iTqva, mefem da krebam antonis Txovna daakmayofiles mxurvale
Txovnis Semdgom. antonma icoda, rom ruseTSi mas araTu mRvdelmTavrad
miiRebdnen, aramed, SesaZloa arc ki SeeSvaT, Tu xelT ar eqneboda mefeTa
mier gacemuli damadasturebeli werilebi. amitom gulmxurvaled iTxova
daebrunebinaT misTvis mRvdelmTavris wodeba da miecaT Sesabamisi cnoba. am
cnobis misaRebad antoni mzad iyo yovelgvari saxis `monaniebis~ sabuTi mieca
mefeTa da krebisaTvis. igi werda gulisamaCuyebel Txovna-werilebs mefe
Teimurazs. marTlac, 1756 wlis 4 aprils gamoica `ganCineba~. igi gamocemulia
mefeTa mier da, faqtobrivad, warmoadgens antonisadmi gacemul cnoba-werils.
igi rom mefeTa mieraa gacemuli da ara krebis mier, iqidanac Cans, rom masSi
mefeebi pirveli piriT laparakoben, antons sweren: `garna saydarsave aRsvla
Seni cxovrebasa Sina Sensa arRara iqmneboda, orTave mefeTa krebasa ficiT
esreT dagvemtkica~389. antonisadmi micemul am cnoba-»ganCinebaSi~ naTqvamia:
`friad wadier iqmen yovliTurT keTilmsaxursa da yovliTurT
marTlmadidebelsa imperiasa ruseTisasa warsvlad, romelica umetes
gulsavse gvyofda marTlmadideblobasa Sensa. amas zeda yovelTave erTobiT
mefeTa da krebaman SevamokleT kanonni, romelnica gangvewesnes, raTa Rirs
iqmne usisxlosa msxverplsa Sewirvad... da esreT pativiTa
mRvdelmTavrobisaTa warggzavnes da Rirs ars Sewynareba Seni mRvdelmTavrad
marTlmadideblad da sadaca mixvide dauyovneblad xelyofad saRmrTosa
liturgiisa yovlisa samRvdelmTavroisa moqmedebisa, viTarc
mRvdelmTavari~ .389
antoni aRadgines mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi 18 Tvis nacvlad, 3 Tvis Semdeg,
misces liturgiis aRsrulebis neba. am cnobiTa da mRvdelmTavris wodebiT
aRWurvili antoni wardga ruseTis wmida sinodis winaSe, sadac mtkiced
ganacxada, rom mefe Teimurazma `cili dawama da gaamtyuna udanaSaulod~390.
antoni acxadebda, rom igi arasodes yofila `gakaTolikebuli~ da rom mas
codva marTlmadideblobis winaSe ar miuZRoda. maS, riT iyo ciliswameba
gamowveuli? Teimuraz mefes surda Cemi damxoba sakaTalikoso taxtidan,
radganac eSinoda Cemi, viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdegisao. `Tumca me viyav
beri, ambobs is, magram ara iseTi, romelic mudam cxovrobs monasterSi~391.
maSasadame, antons SeeZlo qarTlis samefo taxtze asvla, Tuki igi amas
Seecdeboda. magram hqonda Tu ara bers amis ufleba? rogorc antonis zemoT
moyvanili sityvidan Cans, antons amis ufleba hqonda, saqarTvelos istoriaSi
aris magaliTebi, roca kaTalikosebic saero Tanamdebobebs iWerdnen, anda
mTavrobis aqtiuri wevrebi da saero-saqveyno cxovrebis warmmarTvelebi
iyvnen, esaa cnobili faqtebi (mag.: Wyondidelis mier saqarTvelos mTavrobis
marTva da sxv.). magram aris aseve ufro cxoveli magaliTebi. magaliTad,
gurielTa samTavro saxlis Svili svimoni berad iyo aRkvecili daaxloebiT
1657-1660 wlebSi, miuxedavad amisa, mas imereTis mefe aleqsandrem uboZa guriis
mTavris tituli, berma simonma gaixada beris Coxa da avida guriis mTavris
taxtze, gaxda mTavari guriisa. eklesiis mxridan am yofil bers daades
sakanono _ beris Coxis gaxdis sanacvlod, mTavarma eklesias Seswira erTi
sofeli, romlis Sesabamisi sabuTic moRweulia Cvenamde392.
arsebobs meore magaliTic, roca erTma kaTalikosma Tavis xelSi aiRo
saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxis mTavroba: afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)
kaTalikosi malaqia amave dros iyo guriis mTavaric. misi tituli iyo
`guriel-kaTalikosi patroni malaqia~, cxovrobda XVII s-is dasawyisSi393.
saqarTvelos istoriidanac aris magaliTebi, roca berad Semdgarma
pirovnebam gaixada sabero Coxa da avida samefo taxtze. magaliTad, daviT
aRmaSeneblis Ze demetre I aiZula Svilma daviT V-m mietovebina samefo taxti,
igi berad aRikveca, Svilis sikvdilis Semdgom ki gaixada beris Coxa da kvlav
dajda mefis taxtze, aseve kaxeTis mefem aleqsandrem miatova mefoba, aRikveca
berad, Semdeg ki gaixada beris Coxa da avida samefo taxtze.
 msgavsi movlenebi cnobili iyo saqarTveloSi da ar qmnida iseTi saxis
uxerxulobas, rogoric SeiZleboda msgavsi movlenisas warmoSobiliyo
ruseTSi, radganac ruseTisagan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos eklesias hqonda
farTo saxelmwifo-mmarTvelobiTi uflebebi. TviTon anton kaTalikosis wina
kaTalikosi domenti IV-c, rogorc misi Tanamedroveni fiqroben, cdilobda
beris Coxis gaxdas da qarTlis samefo taxtis daWeras orjer sxvadasxva
wels, qarTlSi rogorc sparsTa, ise osmalTa mbrZaneblobis dros.
magaliTad, sparsTa mbrZaneblobis dros, vaxuStis cnobiT, qarTlis
droebiTma gamgebelma svimonma daapatimra kaTalikosi domenti da wauyena
saxelmwifo taxtis mitacebis braldeba. `dapatimrebuli domenti ganaCenis
aRsasruleblad gadasces vaxtangis ufros Svils baqars, romelic im dros
sisxlis samarTlis saadministracio uwyebas ganagebda~1. vaxuStis cnobiT,
`domenti namdvilad imitom midioda Suris cixeSi, rom iq Tavi mefed
gamoecxadebina~394. qarTlSi osmalTa Semosevis Semdeg stambolSi Casuli
domentis Sesaxeb arsebobda mosazreba, `TiTqos domenti kaTalikosi
konstanti-nopolSi gaemgzavra im mizniT, raTa qarTlis mefoba Caegdo
xelSi~395.
maSasadame, antonis winamorbedi domenti kaTalikozis Sesaxeb samefo
saxlsa da imdroindel sazogadoebaSi arsebobda myari Tvalsazrisi, rom igi
cdilobda sabero Coxis gaxdas da qarTlis samefo taxtis daWeras. es azri
didad awuxebda samefo saxlis wevrebs da isini iRebdnen Sesabamis zomebs
amis aRsakveTad (sxvaa is, namdvilad surda Tu ara domentis samefo taxtze
asvla). aseTi viTarebis dros, roca kaTalikoss SeeZlo samefo taxtze asvla,
Teimurazis SeSfoTeba bunebrivia. qarTlis Tavadebi da maTi momxre
mosaxleoba uaryofda Teimurazis legitimur uflebas qarTlis taxtze.
antons ki am dros taxtze asvlis kanonieri ufleba hqonda (sxva sakiTxia is,
rom antonma piradad uari ganacxada am taxtze).
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, ruseTis sinodis winaSe gamosvlisas
antoni ar tyuoda. Tuki isurvebda, antons SeeZlo monastridan gamosvla da
qarTlis taxtis daWera, swored amis gamo damwama cili SeSfoTebulma
Teimurazma da saqarTvelodan gamomaZevao, ambobda antoni sinodis winaSe.
antonma msgavsadve mimarTa imperatricas396. kerZod, antoni werda, rom
qarTlSi didi areulobaa, `...Tumca amis gamo RvTiT boZebuli samwyso ar
unda mimetovebina, magram roca Tavadebs codvebis monaniebas movuwodebdi da
vurCevdi, ukeTurebaze xeli aeRoT, es ver aitanes da moiwadines Cemi damxoba,
rasac mizezis gareSe ver miaRwevdnen, amitomac damadanaSaules da
gamomicxades, sadac gnebavs wadio. vinc axla saqarTveloSi mefoben, taxtis
memkvidreni ar arian. saqarTvelo ekuTvnis papaCems da Cemi gvaris
samemkvidroa. marTalia, beri viyavi, magram sul monasterSi ar micxovria.
yvela Tavadi da pativdebuli adamianebi, vinc biZaCemis (vaxtang VI) da
mamaCemis (ieses) aRzrdilebi iyvnen, ganawyenebis Jams me mommarTavdnen da mec
yovelTvis vamSvidebdi, ris uflebasac Tanamdeboba maZlevda. amas mefe ver
itanda da erTxelac gadawyvita Cemi damxoba. moigona mizezi, cili damwama,
damadanaSaula, davkarge xarisxi da wamovedi...~397. yoveli sityva simarTlis
Semcvelia. antonma daasaxela saqarTvelos is moxeleebi, romelnic uwesobas
sCadiodnen da aviwroebdnen mosaxleobas, amitomac amxelda maT kaTalikosi:
`me gamoveqomage Cagrulebs, risTvisac Tavadebma da TviT mefemac SemiZules,
kaTolikoba damwames da gamaZeves, es rom marTali yofiliyo, romSi wavidodi
da ara ruseTSio~397.
WeSmariti marTlmadidebluri rwmenis aRiarebis safuZvelze ruseTis
sinodma antoni gaamarTla, xolo imperatricam mianiWa ruseTis erT-erTi
centraluri samRvdelmTavro kaTedra. maSasadame, antonis e.w. `gakaTolikeba~
ciliswamebad miiCnies da irwmunes antonisa, rom igi udanaSaulod iyo
gamoZevebuli saqarTvelodan. `imperatricam 1757 wlis 8 agvistos sinods
ubrZana antonisaTvis CaebarebinaT eparqia moskovis maxloblad. wm. sinodma
1757 wlis 1 dekembris gankargulebiT antons SesTavaza vladimirisa da
iaropolis saepiskoposo kaTedra~398. iqamde ki antoni wmida sinodis StatSi
iyo Caricxuli.
antoni rom ar cruobda da namdvilad ciliswamebad miaCnda misTvis
`gakaTolikebis~ dabraleba, Cans antonis piradi werilebidan masTan erTad
dasjili pirebisadmi. am ukanasknelebma, cxadia, kargad icodnen, Tu risTvis
iyvnen dasjilni da amitomac antonis mier maTdami gagzavnil werilebSi
mxolod simarTle unda Tqmuliyo. werilebi gamiznuli iyo ara
gamosaqveyneblad, aramed, albaT, konspiraciulad gadaecemoda adresats,
romelsac SeeZlo maTi ganadgureba, anda dawva. Cven mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
antonis werilebi protopresviter aleqsi mesxiSvilisadmi, romelic Tavis
droze antonis Tanamzraxvelobis gamo sastikad iyo dasjili. 1758 wels
dasjidan arcTu ise didi xnis gavlis Semdeg antoni saqarTveloSi darCenil
aleqsis swerda, rom maT orTaves, cili daswames da usamarTlod dasajes.
cxadia, antonis Tanamzraxvelebma da TanamoRvaweebma kargad icodnen, cili
daswames Tu ara maT da sasjeli kanonieri iyo Tu ukanono. cili rom ar
daewamebinaT maTTvis, antoni megobars amis Sesaxeb arafers miswerda. kerZod,
antoni swers aleqsis: `adamianebma, romlebic Tavisi saxeliT movidnen,
dagvglijes da dagvfantes Cven _ uflis saxeliT mosulni da im dRes
sisxlma Senma viTarca marTali abelisa da zaqarias sisxlma RmerTs
SehRaRada~330. antoni, romelic Tavis Tavs uwodebs `uflis saxeliT mosuls~,
sicrues ar miswerda ambis TviTmxilvel da monawile sasuliero pirs. am
pirs iseve marTlad miiCnevs, rogorc bibliur abels. rogorc abelis
sisxlma SehRaRada RmerTs, aseve SehRaRada marTali aleqsi mesxiSvilis
sisxlma, romelic ucemiaT dapatimrebis Jams. igi iseve udanaSaulo yofila,
rogorc winaswarmetyveli zaqaria, romelic aseve udanaSaulod dasajes. sxva
werilSi antoni erTgulebisaTvis dasjil aleqsis ase amxnevebda weriliT:
`Sen aRdgebi da amxel mas, vinc borotad cili gwama winaSe uzenaesi
msajulisa, romelsac Sexvdebi caTa Sina, raTa masTan moipovo saukuno
sasufeveli~399.
ufro naTlad gamoTqma SeuZlebelia, rom antons cildawamebul
pirovnebad miaCnia Tavisi Tavi, maSasadame, igi miiCnevda, rommarTali iyo
marTlmadideblobis winaSe, mas kaTolikoba arasodes miuRia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom, rogorc Cans, erekle mefes ar sjeroda antonis
`gakaTolikeba~, sindisi qenjnida misi udanaSaulod dasjis gamo da amitomac
saqarTvelodan gadasaxlebul antons gzaSive miadevna aseTi Sinaarsis
werili 1756 wlis 26 noembers: `me uSenod ver viqnebi, Torem bolos
gamoCndeba, me uSenod ara meameba ra~400. marTlac, Teimuraz mefis
gardacvalebisTanave ereklem ukan, saqarTveloSi, miiwvia antoni da dasva
sakaTalikoso taxtze. rogorc aRiniSna, antonma ruseTis sinodisa da
imperatoris winaSe Tavis udanaSaulod ciliswameba-dasjaSi daadanaSaula
Teimuraz II da qarTlis Tavadebi, werilebSi adanaSaulebda zogierT
samRvdelo pirsac. amitomac ganvixiloT es sakiTxebi cal-calke da agreTve
antonis damokidebuleba laTin patrebTan.

a) antonis urTierTdamokidebuleba Teimuraz II-sa

da TavadebTan

antonis mama iyo qarTlis kanonieri mefe iese levanis Ze. sparsuli
kanonebis Tanaxmad, qarTlis mefobis legitimuri ufleba gadadioda ufrosi
Zmidan momdevnoze. levan muxranel-bagrationis Semdeg sparselebma qarTlis
mefeebad daadgines erTmaneTis Semdeg misi vaJebi, maT Soris vaxtang VI da
iese. amitomac vaxtang VI-isa da ieses STamomavlebi (baqar mefe, aleqsandre,
abdula-arCili) ibrZodnen kidec qarTlis samefo taxtis xelSi Casagdebad.
qarTlis mefeebs im dros sparseTis Sahi niSnavda. qarTlisaTvis erTmaneTs
edavebodnen osmaleTi da sparseTi. osmalTa Semotevisas (1723 w.) dakavebuli
proosmaluri orientaciisaTvis iese mefes sparselebma osmalTa gandevnis
Semdeg aRar misces qarTlis taxti, xolo vaxtang VI-is prorusuli
orientaciiT sastikad gaRizianebulma sparseTma saerTod CamoarTva muxranel
bagrationebs qarTlis taxti, romelic Semdgom gadaeca kaxel bagrationebs,
rasac ar urigdebodnen rogorc vaxtang VI-is STamomavlebi, aseve qarTlis
zogierTi Tavadi.
anton kaTalikosis genealogia aseTia:
rogorc iTqva, sparseTis Sahma qarTlis mefeTa taxti CamoarTva qarTlis
bagrationebs da gadasca kaxel bagration Teimuraz II-s. anton I-is deda, dai
Teimurazisa, qarTlis taxtis erTaderT kanonier memkvidred miiCnevda Tavis
Svils, momaval kaTalikoss. `antonis RvTismoSiSi deda, romelic cdilobda
SvilisaTvis epoqis Sesaferisi, yovelmxrivi ganaTleba mieca, sakaTalikoso
wodebisaTvis ki ar amzadebda mas, aramed samefo taxtis dasabruneblad
(saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa Seswavlas da, saerTod, saRvTo werilis
codnas mefeTa yvelaze Rirseul samkaulad miiCnevdnen im dros)~401.
Tavisi miznis misaRwevad 1734 Tu 1735 wels dedam saswrafod gamoiyvana
monastridan iq saswavleblad Sesuli Teimurazi (ase erqva anton I-s berad
aRkvecamde) da ToTxmeti wlis ymawvili daaqorwina am droisaTvis qarTlis
faqtobrivad, mpyrobeli Tavadis givi amilaxvris qalTan. SesaZloa, es iyo,
niSnoba, radganac mTavarepiskopos timoTes cnobiT, Teimurazma uari Tqva
qorwinebaze, radganac surda monazvnoba da `sZulda amqveyniuri wuTieri
cxovreba~. rogorc cnobilia, male ise warimarTa qarTlisa da antonis
ojaxis saqme, rom antonma faqtobrivad uari Tqva taxtze. 18 wlisa 1739 wlis
2 Tebervals berad aRikveca gelaTis monasterSi, 3 Tebervals diakvnad
akurTxes, 1740 wlis 27 seqtembers akurTxes quTaTel mitropolitad.
antonis es qmedeba dedisaTvis iyo umZimesi dartyma, deda swerda antons:
`rad dahkarge samefo da imedi mefobisa~. dedis azriT, `moatyues ymawvili,
episkoposad dasves~402. `mxolod Sen unda gezruna Cvens dakargul taxtze~, _
swers elene sxva werilSi antons, _ `mxolod Sen xar erTaderTi memkvidre
sawyalobeli, RvTis piridan gadavardnili mamisa~403. gamahmadianebul
qarTlis mefe ieses antonis (Teimurazis) garda sxva Svilic hyavda, naxevarZma
antonisa arCili (igive abdul-begi), magram igi elenes ar miaCnda kanonier
memkvidred, radganac ukanono Svili iyo (misi deda iyo coli erTi Tavadisa.
iesem mas waarTva da Tavad SeirTo).
qarTlis taxtisTvis daucxromlad ibrZodnen vaxtang VI-is STamomavlebi,
da agreTve, Teimuraz II, abdul-begi da axalgazrda Teimurazi (momavali
antoni). Teimuraz II-s seriozul metoqed miuCnevia axalgazrda Teimurazi,
gansakuTrebiT daufrTxia mis damoyvrebas givi amilaxvarTan, amitomac
fiqrobs T. Jordania, rom 14 wlis ufliswuls sacole Sahma waarTva
Teimuraz II-is intrigebiT404.
Teimuraz II (1700-1762), Rrmad morwmune qristiani, saxelovani poeti da
qarTuli kulturis Tavdadebuli moamage, iranis Sahma qarTlis mefed
daamtkica 1744 wels. Teimurazma axalmokluli kaTalikosis adgili uboZa
antons. sxvaTa Soris, qarTlSi didi gavlenis mqone abdul-begsa da
Teimurazs Soris urTierTSeTanxmebiT momxdara antonis ayvana sakaTalikoso
taxtze 1744 wels. jer kidev 1742 wlis krebam antons sakaTalikoso taxti
SesTavaza. 1744 wels antonma kaTalikosad kurTxevamde miiRo nadir-Sahis
dasturi. `Sahis sigelSi, sxvaTa Soris, naTqvami iyo: misTvis cnobili gaxda
saeklesio krebis mier Teimuraz II-is disSvili maRalyovladusamRvdeles
antonis qristianuli religiis dogmatebSi ganswavlulisa da
mRvdelmTavarTa Soris upiratesis arCeva, ris gamoc yvela kmayofilia da
Sahs yvela SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs. amitomac Sahi mas, winare kaTalikosTa
msgavsad 1000 Tumans (e.i. 10.000 man) uniSnavs da usurvebs, Cveuli wesiTa da
rigiT gauZRves Tavis samwysos. Semdgomma Sahebmac daadastures es
gankarguleba, magaliTad, ismailma 1747 wels, ibrahimma _ 1748 wels
kaTalikoss gamougzavnes samosi da anafora. samagierod ki orive ubrZanebda,
ar Careuliyo saeklesio mamulebis saqmeSi~405.
1747 wels Teimuraz II iZulebuli gaxda irans gamgzavre-buliyo, rac iyo
Tavganwirva eris gadasarCenad. qarTlSi ufro metad gaRvivda dinastiuri
omi, mas saTaveSi edga anton I-is Zma abdul-beg ieses Ze. amis gamo Teimurazma
irCia kompromisi da iranSi gamgzavrebis win qarTlis gamgebloba ereklesa
da abdul-begs Caabara. abdul-begi qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred
miiCnevda Tavs, Tumca ufleba Teimurazsac hqonda, radganac misi meuRle
Tamari vaxtang VI-is asuli iyo. abdul-begi ereklesagan moiTxovda xeli aeRo
qarTlze. antoni cdilobda abdul-begis Serigebas mefesTan. iqamde ki
dedofal Tamaris gardacvalebis Semdeg Teimurazi abdul-begis naTesavze
ana-xanumze daqorwinda, xolo abdul-begs SerTo erekle I-is qaliSvili
begumi. es iyo Teimurazis iranSi gamgzavrebamde, magram damoyvrebam
dinastiuri omi ar daacxro. am omSi antonma, Tanaxmad zogierTi cnobisa,
mxari dauWira abdul-begs. abdul-begi damarcxda. Teimuraz II-s aseve
mosvenebas ar aZlevda fiqri ruseTSi gadaxvewili qarTlis taxtisaTvis
mebrZol vaxtang VI-is STamomavlobaze, antonis biZaSvilebze. vaxtang VI-is
SviliSvili, baqaris vaJi, aleqsandre batoniSvili dauaxlovda da
daumegobrda imperator petre III-s, misi daxmarebiT apirebda qarTlis taxtze
asvlas. am imperatoris gardacvalebis Semdeg SeZlo daaxloeba imperatrica
elisabedTanac da samefo karze fexi moikida. igi ruseTSi gadaxvewil
qarTvelTa Soris xlarTavda intrigebis bades Teimurazisa da erekles
winaaRmdeg.
1751 wlis 15 Tebervals Teimuraz-erekles laSqari WarSi sastikad
damarcxda, 1752 wels aseve damarcxdnen qarTvelebi ganjis omSi. saqarTvelos
mtrebi aiSalnen. mefeebi sagangebod emzadebodnen mozRvavebuli mtris
Sesakaveblad da Setevaze gadasasvlelad. Teimurazma da ereklem ruseTis
saxelmwifos mimarTes da jariT daxmareba sTxoves. aTanase Tbileli
episkoposisa da simon mayaSvilis elCoba ruseTSi (1752-1754) unayofo gamodga,
ruseTma uari ganacxada.
ruseTis maRal wreebSi myofi aleqsandre batoniSvili cdilobda
Teimurazis elCebi gadaebirebina, ruseTis samefo karsa da did moxeleebze
gavlenis ZaliT igi axerxebda CaeSala qarTvel mefeTa elCobis miznebi406.
`misi iniciativiT CaiSala 1754 wels Teimurazis elCebis molaparakeba
ruseTis xelmwi-fesTan. uSedegod damTavrda sxva iseTi elCobebic, romlebic
Tavidan warmatebisaken ixreboda. batoniSvilis gavlena saqarTvelos
politikur saqmeebze ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom mas mxars uWerda ruseTis
samefo karis didi partia, romelsac ar surda qarTvel mefeTa gaZliereba...
SemdgomSi swored am partiis daxmarebiT SeiWra aleqsandre saqarTveloSi,
erekles winaaRmdeg brZolaSi miimxro kaxeTis Tavadebi, imereTis mefe,
axalcixisa da daRestnis xanebi, agreTve sparselebi da mTielebi~337. 1754
wlis elCobis CaSlam (aleqsandres xelSewyobiT) gaamZvinvara Teimuraz II da
kidev ufro ganawyo anton I-is winaaRmdeg. mas mZulvareba gamoumJRavnebia
antonis, viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdegis, mimarT. erekles vaJi giorgi
antons uyurebda viTarca Teimuraz II-is mier SeZulebul pirovnebas. igi
`kaTalikossa antons pirvelsa ara wyalobda siyrmidanve, viTarca kacsa
papisagan misisa Teimurazisa SeZulebulsa~407.
zemoaRniSnul politikur-dinastiur mizezebs unda Seemzadebina niadagi
anton kaTalikosis sastiki dasjisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT 1754 wlis Semdeg, rac
muxranel bagrationTa intrigebis gamo ruseTisagan daxmareba ver miiRo
saqarTvelos samefo karma. amgvar viTarebaSi antoni mZevlis rolSi aRmoCnda.
muxraneli bagrationebis gulis mogeba da Sekaveba ver SeZlo Teimurazma
verc maTi samefo saxlis Svilis anton I-is sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvaniT,
xolo 1754 wlis Semdeg, rac muxranelma bagrationebma ukiduresi mtroba
gamoamJRavnes Teimurazis mimarT ruseTis samefo karze, antonis, viTarca
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT mZevlis dasjas unda gaemwarebina qarTleli
bagrationebi. 1755 wlis miwuruls antoni daapatimres, Semdeg ki ruseTSi
gadaasaxles.
ruseTSi antonma, rogorc cnobilia, Tavis devnaSi agreTve daadanaSaula
qarTlis Tavadebi. ismis kiTxva, ratom unda gamwvavebuliyo misi urTierToba
TavadebTan, xom ar icavda maTgan antoni saeklesio qonebas? marTlac,
rogorc sabuTebi uCvenebs, qarTl-kaxeTSi mahmadian mefe-xanTa mmarTvelobis
dros Tavadebs miutacniaT saeklesio mamulebi da Sahis imediT surdaT am
mamulebis SenarCuneba. amis dasturia 1744 wels antonisadmi gagzavnili
nadir-Sahis, 1747 wlis Sah-ismailisa da 1748 wlis Sah-ibrahimis sigelebi,
romlebSic isini ubrZaneben antons ar Careuliyo saeklesio mamulebis
saqmeebSi408. `is sasuliero pirebi, vinc TavadTa mamulebSi moRvaweobdnen,
xSirad ver icavdnen eklesiisa da saxelmwifos interesebs~409. `aucileblad
unda aRiniSnos, rom antonma moawesriga saeklesio mamulebis marTva...
SemorCenilia ramdenime dokumenti, romlebSic antoni cdilobs Tavidan
aicilos qarTlis Zlieri Tavadebis (amilaxvrebisa da erisTavebis) Careva
saeklesio mamulebis saqmeebSi. am TavadebTan kamaTi imiTY dasrulda, rom
kaTalikosma maT CamoarTva werilobiTi valdebuleba, rom isini amieridan
aRar Seexebian saeklesio mamulebs~410. marTalia, es moxda antonis
dabrunebis Semdeg, magram vinc icnobs antonis mizanmimarTul moqmedebas,
ganWvrets, rom aseve iyo adrec da es warmoadgenda namdvil mizezs
konfliqtisa antonsa da Tavadebs Soris. al. xaxanaSvili wers: mefeTa
brZolam TavadebTan, politikurma daqucmacebulobam wvril damoukidebel
samTavroebad, gamoiwvia saeklesio Zalauflebis erTianobis daSla411, rasac
antoni ver Seurigdeboda.

b) antonis urTierToba somxebsa da laTinebTan

XVII s-is da XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi e.w. `somxebi~ da `laTinebi~

saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovan Zalas warmoadgendnen. spars-osmalTa mier
gatarebuli sagangebo politikis Sedegad daiTrguna `qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba~
(ase ewodeboda marTlmadideblobas saqarTveloSi, rogorc amas XVIII s.
saeklesio sabuTebi uCveneben), sanacvlod ki dampyroblebma gaaZlieres
somxur-monofizituri da kaTolikuri eklesiebi. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
erTi nawili, eTnikuri warmomavlobiT qarTveli, iRebda grigorianul da
kaTolikur sarwmunoebas. amis gamo icvleboda maTi erovnuli cnobiereba,
qarTvelebi `somxdebodnen~ da `frangdebodnen~. `qarTvelTa sarwmunoebis~
devnis naTeli magaliTia XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmTavrebis ruseTSi iZulebiTi gadasaxleba saqarTveloSi darCenis
SeuZleblobis gamo.
kaTalikoss domenti IV-s ukanonod CamoarTves taxti da 1725 wels
osmaleTis kunZul tenedosze gadaasaxles. gapartaxda bevri eparqia
mahmadianTa, gansakuTrebiT lekebis, SemosevaTa gamo, daitaces saeklesio
qoneba. saqarTvelo datoves da ruseTSi vaxtang VI-s gahyvnen Semdegi
episkoposebi: qristefore samTavneli, pavle Tbileli, nikoloz mroveli,
arsen mangleli, nikoloz urbneli da episkoposi iona, male saqarTvelo
iZulebiT miatoves da ruseTSi gadasaxldnen mTavarepiskopos ioseb samebeli,
romanoz samTavneli da ioane mangleli. Seirya eklesiaSi wesrigi da
disciplina412.
bevri gaCanagebuli eparqia gauqmda. swored amis gamo, faqtobrivad
umrevlod da ueparqiod darCenili episkoposebi gadasaxldnen ruseTSi, sadac
maT megobrulad xvdebodnen413.
zemoaRniSnuli 9 episkoposis ruseTSi gadasaxlebis magaliTiT kargad
Cans, Tu ra saSineli gasaWiri adga qarTul eklesias XVIII s-is I naxevarSi.
swored aseTi gasaWiris dros mdidari `somxuri eklesia, romelic XVIII s-Si
mxiTaristebis SromebiT gamdidrda, sqolastikuri literaturiT
SeiaraRebuli, kaTalikos lazaris meTaurobiT aRdga qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg da daiwyo CvenSi sxvadasxva eretikuli mosazrebebisa da
monofizitobis gavrceleba~413.
 aRmoCnda, rom sasuliero ganaTlebis doniT somxuri eklesia qarTul
eklesiaze ufro maRla idga. italiaSi Camoyalibebulma somex kaTolikeTa
(mxiTaristTa) sazogadoebam somxuri eklesia gaamdidra axali Targmnili da
originaluri literaturiT. maTi daxmarebiT somxebi saqarTveloSi
avrcelebdnen somxur da kaTolikur eress. T. Jordanias da Cveni sxva
mkvlevarebis azriT, qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi uZlurni aRmoCndnen
mxiTaristebis sqolastikisa da samecniero moZRvrebis winaSe . daiwyo 414
qarTvelTa gasomxeba grigorianuli rwmenis da somxuri enis gavrcelebiT415.
`mxiTaristebis mier Targmnili evropel avtorTa sqolastikuri Txzulebebi
warmoadgenda religiuri kamaTis axal, CvenSic da somxeTSic ucnob
saxelmZRvanelos. somxebma am sqolastikuri iaraRis meSveobiT (igi
umTavresad aristoteles logikas emyareboda) SesamCnevad gaaswres
qarTvelebs, romlebic pirvelad waawydnen aseT sqolastikur kamaTs,
romelic adamianur logikas ar eqvemdebareboda. somxebma da kaTolike
propagandistebma es iaraRi erTdroulad mimarTes qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg~416. qvemo qarTli da saingilo avsebula monofizitebis
gaSmagebuli mqadageblebiT. `isini cdilobdnen qveynis politikur gasaWirze
religiuri daSlac daerToT. mTavarepiskopos timoTes gadmocemiT, es cbieri
da moxerxebuli mqadageblebi mglebiviT Semosevian saqarTvelos, raTa
qristes samwyso daetacebinaT~417.
iseT did warmatebas miaRwia somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis donem
saqarTveloSi da ise didi raodenobis qarTveloba iRebda monofizitobas,
rom yofili qarTvel-marTlmadidebeli mrevli Tavisi saeklesio
SenobebiTurT monofiziti mRvdlis samwysod da samkvidrod xdeboda. somexTa
kaTalikosma lazare Waukelma gadawyvita TviT saqarTvelos kaTalikosis
karze eqadagna monofizitoba da qarTvelTa kaTalikosi somxuri eklesiis
simarTleSi daerwmunebina. `eretikosebi TviTon anton kaTalikossac ki
ekamaTebodnen, zemo qarTlis erTma somexma mRvdelma mas xangrZlivi kamaTi
gaumarTa. am moZraobis sulisCamdgmeli iyo somexTa kaTalikosi lazare
(Waukeli) _ antonis Tanamedrove, sqolastikur moZRvrebaze aRzrdili,
Tavgamodebuli monofiziti. igi dauaxlovda antons da, rogorc Cans,
cdilobda mis gadabirebas~417.
`monofizitobis propagandistTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi antonma mimarTa
sityvas _ mecnierul sityvas. magram sqolastikur mqadageblebTa
sityvisgebaSi imave sqolastikis ena unda gamoeyenebina. amisaTvis winawar
unda gascnoboda am movlenebis wyaroebs laTinur da somxur enebze~418. ai,
ratom dauaxlovda antoni saqarTveloSi myof kaTolike mecnierebs. maTgan
surda Seeswavla laTinuri ena da moepovebina laTinur enaze arsebuli is
mecnieruli masala, rac gamoadgeboda marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis
dasacavad monofizit da kaTolike sqolastikosTagan. marTlac,
mizanmimarTulma antonma iRvawa Tavdauzogavad da Seqmna monofizitTa da
laTinTa ganmaqiqebeli uzarmazari Txzuleba `mzametyveleba~. iseTi
TavganwirviT iRvwoda am Sromis Sesaqmnelad, rom igi dasneulda, eqimebisa da
naTesavebisaTvis es SemaSfoTebeli yofila.
`1752 wlis dasawyisSi, Seupovari Sromis Sedegad antonma daasrula Tavisi
farTo Txzuleba `mzametyveleba~, romelic warmoadgens seriozul,
safuZvlian mecnierul uaryofas monofizitur moZRvrebaTa sistemisa,
gansakuTrebiT somex monofizitTa moZRvrebis. Txzuleba adasturebs avtoris
nakiTxobas, gamWriax, cincxal gonebasa da farTo erudicias. eklesiis
moZRvars SeeZlo am SromaSi epova mza sityva, anu mza pasuxi monofizitebTan
sityvisgebaSi~419.
am Txzulebis gamoqveynebam saqarTvelos mdidari somxoba ganawyo
antonis winaaRmdeg, antonis winaaRmdeg TviT is qarTveli marTlmadidebeli
samRvdeloebac ganewyo, romelTac SeSurdaT antonis mecnieruli siRrme,
Tavdadeba da Sromismoyvareoba, am bolo moments antonic aRniSnavs Tavis
SromebSi. ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli antoni `Tvenis~ winasityvaobaSi
gadmogvcems: `mzametyvelebisa~ da sxva SromaTa gamoqveynebisas zogierTi
qarTveli samRvdelo piris reaqcias: `ese sazRvardeba ars kacTa vieTme
samRvdeloTa Tav-xedTa da yovlad umecarTa Cvens Soris, rameTu visaca
mecnierebis mimarT (midrekilebas) gamoaCenen _ qarsa borbalsa aRadgenen mas
zeda da saWesa cxovrebisasa ganutexen da miscemen RelvaTa warmtacebad
ufskrulTadmi~420.
`mzametyvelebis~ gamoqveynebis Semdeg antonis winaaRmdeg monofizitebis
mqadageblebTan erTad aRdga zogierTi qarTveli samRvdeloc, romelTac
`gakaTolikeba~ daswames kaTalikoss. sinamdvileSi ki antoni laTin patrebTan
daaxlova somex propagandistTa winaaRmdeg gamocxadebulma brZolam421.
rogorc T. Jordania aRniSnavs, amas naTlad miuTiTebs qronologiac, antons
brali dasdes `gakaTolikebaSi~ da eWvis safuZvlad aqcies misi daaxloeba
patrebTan _ misionerebTan _ 1753 wlisaTvis. sinamdvileSi ki antons 1752 wels
dausrulebia Tavis `mzametyveleba~, xolo 1753 wels gamosca Tavis pirveli
gramatika _ `am ukanasknel or Txzulebazed marto TviTon ar umuSavnia
antons. mas Svelodnen somexTa moZRvari filipe yaiTmazaSvili da
kaTolikebis misionerebi. isini uTargmnidnen somxuri da laTinuri
enebidan~422.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ara mxolod antoni iyenebda kaTolike misionerebs
antikaTolikuri, marTlmadideblobis ganmamtkicebeli Txzulebebis
SedgenisaTvis, aramed misi win myofi kaTalikosebic, magaliTad kaTalikosma
besarionma (1724-1739) Seadgina Tavisi antikaTolikuri Txzuleba `grdemli~
kaTolike misioneris, kapucineli beris franCesko bolonielis daxmarebiT.
`aRsaniSnavia, rom es Txzuleba kaTolicizms ganaqiqebs~423. es iyo
mecnieruli urTierToba. am urTierTobis Semdeg arc franCesko bolonieli
gamxdara marTlmadidebeli da arc kaTalikosi besarioni gamxdara kaTolike,
piriqiT, maTi urTierToba swored marTlmadideblobis sasargeblod yofila
gamoyenebuli.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, patriarqis saydarze asvlisTanave antoni
Cveulebrivi enTuziazmiT Seudga brZolas somxuri propagandis winaaRmdeg424.
am maRali miznis misaRwevad kaTalikoss upirveles yovlisa TviTon unda
Seeswavla sqolastikuri mwerloba. `amitom patriarqobis pirvelive wlebSi
antoni gaecno kaTolike berebs da maTi moZRvrebis Seswavlas Seudga, radgan
laTinuri ena sustad icoda Tavdapirvelad man somxur wyaroebs mimarTa~424.
T. Jordania wers: `antonis daaxloeba kaTolike misionerebTan, rogorc
davinaxeT, saswavlo da samecniero miznebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. samecniero
mizani imaSi mdgomareobda, rogorc p. ioseliani varaudobs, antoni apirebda
qarTul enaze daewera kaTolikobis ganmaqiqebeli wigni, radgan mas ar
akmayofilebda am Temaze qarTulad arsebuli Txzulebani besarion
kaTalikosisa da evkrati nikeelisa~425.
antons marTlac samecniero mizniT da marTlmadideblobis
gansamtkiceblad rom esaWiroeboda daaxloeba kaTolike misionerebTan da
laTinuri enis Seswavla, es Cans iqidan, rom `gakaTolikebis~ mizeziT
saqarTvelodan gaZevebuli antoni ruseTSi agrZelebda laTinuri enidan
wignebis Targmnas. ruseTSi igi, aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis TqmiT, `iTvisebda
laTinur enas, romlis Seswavlas jer kidev saqarTveloSi Seudga~426.
saqarTveloSi, swored gaZevebis win gamoqveynebul naSromSi `mzametyveleba~
akritikebda antoni laTinebs imiT, rom wignSi amxelda maT, vinc wmida
usisxlo msxverplis Sewirvisas ar azavebda Rvinos wyliT427. mas ar
dascalda laTinuri enis kargad Seswavla, amitom al. xaxanaSvilis cnobiT,
`metafizikuri darigebani~ antonma ara uSualod laTinuridan, aramed
rusulidan Targmna, radganac `antonma kargad ar icoda laTinuri ena~428.
saqarTveloSic laTinuri enis ucodinarobis gamo `gramatikis~ Sedgenisas
iZulebuli gaxda daxmarebisaTvis miemarTa laTini mecnierebisaTvis429.
qarTuli eklesiis gasaWirma, saRvTismetyvelo wignebis naklebobam aiZula
antoni emuSava laTin da somex mecnierebTan erTad, naklovaneba qarTuli
sasuliero literaturisa, antonis azriT, ukuRmarTi droebiT iyo
gamowveuli. `Tumca Cven, qarTvelebs, ambobs is, ZvelTaganve gvqonda yovelive
gadmoRebuli `Tvinier daklebisa~, magram vinaidgan `mravalni garyvnes da
uxmar-iqmnnes pirad-piradiTa vnebaTa jer iyo gasworebad da ganmrTvad
wmidisa eklesiisa aRmosavalisa~430. ruseTSi moRvaweobisa da rusuli
literaturis gacnobis Semdeg antonma ara `dasavleTis eklesiis~, aramed
`aRmosavleTis eklesiis~, kerZod, slavuri wignebis mixedviT gaaswora
mravali sasuliero wigni, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavda431.

g) antonis urTierToba urC samRvdeloebasTan

T. Jordania wers, rom antonis upirvelesi saqme misi mmarTvelobis pirvel

wlebSi iyo eklesiaSi administraciuli wesrigis damyareba da im ukeTurobis
aRmofxvra, rac winare epoqaSi gaCeniliyo. saqarTvelos erTianobis daSlam
samefo-samTavroebad xeli Seuwyo saeklesio gankerZoebis niSnebis gaCenas.
ukve XV saukunis bolos alaverdel episkoposs gamoumJRavnebia garkveuli
ganwyobileba, mas mcxeTisagan damoukideblad surda kaxeTis saepiskoposoebis
marTva. Tavisi gavlena gauvrcelebia kidec maTze, kaxeli mefeebi viwro
politikuri mosazrebiT xels uwyobdnen saeklesio separatizms. ukve XVIII
saukunidan alaverdeli episkoposebi kaxeTis eklesiaTa TiTqmis
damoukidebeli mmarTvelebi iyvnen432.
eklesiaSi Seqmnili es mankieri viTareba mouTmeneli iyo antonisaTvis,
antoni ar cnobda alaverdeli episkoposis ukanonod mitacebul uflebebs.
ganawyenebuli alaverdelebic protests acxadebdnen da TavianTi
mdgomareobis dasamowmeblad iSveliebdnen zogierT sabuTs. sabolood,
alaverdeli episkoposi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Tavisi mdgomareobiT
TiTqmis meore ierarqi, mtrad moekida antons, cdilobda antonis
sakaTalikoso taxtidan Camogdebas. marTlac, antonis ruseTSi gandevnis
Semdeg alaverdelebma aRidgines TavianTi uflebebi, ruseTidan antonis
dabrunebis Semdeg ki alaverdel episkopos zenons CamoarTves kaTedra da
garejis udabnoSi gadaasaxles. aqedan Cans, rom antons mtrebi hyavda umaRles
saeklesio ierarqiaSic, gansakuTrebiT kaxeTis episkoposTa Soris, radganac
isini ukve alaverdeli episkoposis maTze gamgeblobas kanonierad miiCnevdnen.
gansakuTrebiT mravali mowinaaRmdege gaiCina antonma ara mxolod
episkoposebSi, aramed samRvdeloTa Sorisac mTel qarTl-kaxeTSi. saqme is
iyo, rom antoni Seecada Seryeuli saeklesio wesrigis aRdgenas, miaRebina
saeklesio krebebs sagangebo dadgenilebebi samRvdeloTa mier saeklesio
wesrigis dasacavad. iqamde TviTneba samRvdeloni axla ukve SeizRudnen,
Semdeg wlebSi antonma jarimebic ki daawesa, romelTa gadaxda im mRvdlebs
ekisrebodaT, romelnic saeklesio kanonebs daarRvevdnen. imdenad didi
jarimebi ikribeboda samRvdeloebidan, rom saeklesio Semosavlis erT-erT
wyarodac ki iqca. amas mohyolia SezRudul samRvdeloTa mxridan udidesi
protesti, antons aseTi mRvdlebi `sisxlis msmels~ uwodebdnen, romelsac
TiTqosda samRvdeloebis TandaTanobiT mospoba surda. es mdgomareoba kargad
Cans antonis moZule zaqaria gabaSvilis poemaSi `katis omi~. aq antoni
katadaa gamoyvanili. samRvdeloeba ki Tagvad. kata (antoni) TiTqosda eubneba
Tagvebs (mRvdlebs) _ me movedio `Tqvenda msrvelad, sisxlisa msmelad,
STagyare xvrelad da gmusrne nelad~433.
zogierTma samRvdelom `soroSi Cayrad~ miiCnia is, rom antonma `aRwera
saeklesio qoneba da saimedod daicva borot gamtacebelTagan, daadgina
saeklesio samarTali, Camoayaliba axali dawesebuleba _ `dikasteria~434,
marTalia, am RonisZiebaTagan umetesi nawili Catarda antonis ruseTidan
dabrunebis Semdeg, magram kaTalikosis saydarze asvlisTanave,
mowinaaRmdegeni grZnobdnen antonis udides mizandasaxulobasa da swrafvas
eklesiaSi wesrigis damyarebisa, amitomac aTqmevinebda zaqaria gabaSvili
antons: `lomi var Zvelad, abjarTmcvelad, cecxlSi damwvelad, garna
mbnevelad~. saeklesio disciplinis aRdgena, centraluri saeklesio
xelisuflebis ganmtkiceba zRudavda samRvdeloebas, gansakuTrebiT
SeizRudnen is sasuliero pirebi, romlebic TavadTa mamulebSi moRvaweobdnen
da Tavadebis centridanuli miswrafebebis gamo ver icavdnen eklesiisa da
saxelmwifos interesebs. `aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom antonma
moawesriga saeklesio mamulebis marTva. miwebi patriarqis xelSi moaqcia da
eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs da ber-monazvnebs mkacrad SeuzRuda saeklesio Tu
samonastro qonebiT TviTneburi, ukontrolod sargeblobis ufleba, am
gadawyvetilebis gamo ukmayofileba gamoTqva dekanozma zaqaria gabaSvilma
Tavis satirul TxzulebaSi (`katis omi~), romelic gamoqveynda antonis
saqarTvelodan gaZevebis Semdeg~435. zaqaria gabaSvilis `poemis~ ganxilvis
Semdeg askvnian, rom ‘samRvdeloeba antons emduroda, radgan `man SezRuda
eparqiaTa meTaurebisa da monasterTa winamZRvrebis ufleba saeklesio
qonebaze~436. al. xaxanaSvili wers: `man Tavi mouyara mefeebis yvela sigels
naboZebi mamulebis Sesaxeb da mefes miarTva dasamtkiceblad. saeklesio
avladidebis gamorkvevis Semdeg man miiRo zomebi am qonebis borotad
xelmyofelTagan dasacavad _ daadgina saeklesio sasamarTlo rusuli wesis
mixedviT: dikasteria~437. z. gabaSvilis zemonaxsenebi `poemidan~ Cans, rom
Tavdapirvelad samRvdeloeba, anu rogorc igi uwodebs, `Tagvebi~ `bednierad
da laRad cxovrobdnen TavianT soroebSi, mZimed SeiaraRebuli kata amayad
SeiWreba Tagvebis samefoSi da daiwyebs umowyalo Jletas. pirveli
gamarjvebiT gaTamamebuli kata gadawyvets sruliad amowyvitos Tagvebis
saxsenebeli da maT qonebas daepatronos. rogorc vnaxeT, kaTalikosi
cdilobda SeezRuda saeklesio pirTa TviTneboba, rasac isini iCendnen
saeklesio qonebis moxmarebaSi, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili Tagvebi
saSvelad virTxebs, ciyvebs da kvernebs mouxmoben da sisxlismRvrel
brZolaSi gamarjvebas aRweven~438.
Cans, samRvdeloebas (poemis mixedviT `Tagvebs~) pirvelad wamouwyia omi
antonis winaaRmdeg (maT ricxvSi T. Jordania gulisxmobs ber-monazvnebsac,
`romlebic uangariSod iyenebdnen saeklesio simdidres~1, dasaxmareblad
mouwveviaT TavianTi jiSis sxva ufro didi warmomadgenlebi (`ciyvebi,
kvernebi~), albaT, igulisxmeba antonis mowinaaRmdege arqimandritebi,
episkoposebi da mitropolitebi. erTiani ZaliT dausaxiCrebiaT kata, ucemiaT,
tyved SeupyriaT, sadac lanZRaven da dascinian, isev zogierTi Tagvis, `e.w.
`plaSiani Tagvis~ daxmarebiT gakreWili kata Tagvebs gaeqceva ruseTSi.
`plaSiani Tagvi~ ganaTlebul samRvdeloebas unda niSnavdes.
rogorc cnobilia, samRvdeloebis krebam antoni kaTolikuri
aRmsareblobis miRebaSi daadanaSaula. magram erTi werilidan Cans, rom
ganawyenebuli samRvdeloeba mzad iyo sxva mravali episkoposi da mefe
ereklec ki kaTolikeebad moexseniebina antonisadmi TanagrZnobis gamo.
cxadia, arc episkoposebi da arc mefe kaTolikeni ar iyvnen. antonis taxtidan
Camogdebis Semdeg Cans, taxtze asasvlelad emzadeboda alaverdeli, anda
kaxeTSi misi gavlenis sferoSi Semavali romelime mRvdelmTavari. magram
sakaTalikoso taxtze avida mroveli episkoposi ioseb jandieri. aman
gaanawyena alaverdeli da misi momxreebi, romelTac maSinve ukve axali
kaTalikosis dasustebis mizniT cilismwamebloba wamouwyiaT. ioseb
jandiersac maSinve `frangebad~, e.i. kaTolikeebad gamoucxadebia ramdenime
episkoposi, maT Soris gulisxmobdnen alaverdels, ninowmindels, bodbels
(iqamde isini antonis dasamxobad iRvwodnen, damxobis Semdeg ki axali
kaTalikosisaTvis mxari aRar dauWeriaT). axal kaTalikos iosebs ubrZanebia
maT Sesaxeb: `arca vwirav episkoposTa da arca vendobi frangTao~, saqme
imdenad gamwvavebula, rom mefec Careula. mefes iosebis braldeba
usamarTlod miuCnevia. saubris Semdeg mefe kaTalikoss ganawyenebuli
daSorebia439.
aqedan Cans, rom `kaTolikes~ im droisaTvis avadsaxsenebel `wodebas~
aniWebdnen politikur mowinaaRmdegeebs (yovlad dausabuTeblad). am
mosazrebas adasturebs isic, rom TviT ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis `StatSi~
Caricxul, vladimiris arqiepiskopos antons saqarTveloSi zemomoyvanil
wreebSi kvlav `kaTolikes~ uwodeben da ruseTis samRvdelmTavro kaTedraze
daweril mis Txzulebebs wvaven, viTarca `kaTolikurs~, aseTebad miuCneviaT
misi `apoloRia~ (da `miwyale~). ruseTSi kaTolikuri aRmsareblobis mimarT
Seuwynarebeli garemo sufevda, amitomac sruliad ueWvelia, ruseTis
samRvdelmTavro kaTedraze kaTolikobisadmi midrekil pirs aravin aiyvanda.
saqme is iyo, rom ruseTSi SedarebiT obieqturobiT iZiebdnen saeklesio
saqmeebs, imdroindel saqarTveloSi ki mikerZoebiT. zaqaria gabaSvili
saqarTvelos mefis winaSe brals debda antons, rom man vladimiris
kaTedraze yofnisas SeTxza `miwyales~ Targmaneba~ (e.i. ganmarteba), romelic
TiTqosda `Tavidan bolomdi wvalebis RvarZliT aris savse~440. vinc ruseTis
saeklesio cxovrebas icnobs, ver daijerebs, rom ruseTis eklesiis
mRvdelmTavarma kaTolikuri `wvalebiT savse~ Txzuleba Seqmna. saqarTvelos
`sasuliero cenzuram masSi dainaxa marTlmadi-deblobis winaaRmdegi
adgilebi da amis mizeziT aRukrZala misi ganvrceleba xalxSi~441. es
momxdara Teimuraz II-is dros 1760 wlamde, amitomac werda ruseTis eklesiis
arqiepiskoposad yofnis dros gulnatkeni antoni saqarTvelos samRvdeloTa
Sesaxeb: `aRracxil var meca ZmaTa CemTa Tana aqaur samRvdeloTa yovelsa
Sina saqmesa da ara aRracxil var mandiTgan mosrulTa aqa, CvenTa
episkoposTa Tana~442.

1755-1756 wlis krebaTa Sedegebi

1755-1756 wlebSi mowveuli saeklesio krebebi miznad isaxavda
mwvaleblobaSi dadanaSaulebuli anton I-isaTvis sakaTalikoso taxtis
CamorTmevas. ruseTidan dabrunebuli antoni kvlav avida sakaTalikoso
taxtze, miuxedavad krebebis aRkveTa-wyevisa. maSasadame, krebebma Tavis mizans
ver miaRwies. am krebebis gadawyvetilebebma ki Secvales saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis Semdgomi bedi. imdeni uyiJines antons
marTlmadideblobis uaryofis Sesaxeb, rom man gadawyvita savsebiT
daaxloeboda ruseTis marTlmadideblur eklesias. ai, ras wers Tedo
Jordania antonis Sesaxeb: `man moamzada niadagi qarTuli da rusuli
eklesiebis SeerTebisaTvis da 1783 wlis traqtatiT ganaxorciela Tavisi
mizani _ qarTuli eklesia daumorCila ruseTis eklesias~443. 1783 wels anton
I dainiSna ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis wevrad. avtokefaliuri eklesiis
meTauri ar SeiZleba iyos sxva eklesiis sinodis wevri da es aqti iyo
SezRudva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisa. XIX s-Si ruseTis mier qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis Cum da upasuxo gauqmebas amgvarma qmedebebma Seuwyo
xeli. es iyo ara imdenad anton I-is brali, ramdenadac cilismwameblebisa,
romelTac TavianTi ugunuri qmedebiT sinamdvileSi danaSauli Caidines
qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, radganac antons, romelic Rirseulad uZRveboda
marTlmadidebel qarTul eklesias, figuralurad rom vTqvaT, imdeni uyiJines
`memarcxeneoba~ _ kaTolikoba, rom gadaixara marjvniv da ruseTis sinodi
miuSva qarTuli eklesiis marTvis saWesTan.

1755-1756 wlebis krebaTa aqtebi

ambrosi nekreselis krebulSi (H-1334, furc. 201 r-v) daculia sami
dokumenti: 1. saeklesio krebis gadawyvetileba antonis damxobis Sesaxeb; 2.
Teimuraz meorisa da erekle meoris, wardgineba antonis kaTalikosobidan
gadayenebis Sesaxeb da 3. TviT antonis `monanieba~. pirveli ori 1755 wlis 16
dekembriTaa daTariRebuli, mesame ki cota mogvianebiT Seiqmna. samive es
dokumenti, rogorc winaswari monacemebi, aisaxa Semdgom 1756 wlis 4 parilis
saeklesio krebis `ganCinebaSi~.
1. `qristes aqeT CRne (1755)
 dekenbers iv (16)
q. Cven cxebulman mefeman saqarTvelosaman Teimuraz da Zeman Cvenman
mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtkiceT da ucvalebelad
davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoeT antoni kaTalikozi romaelTa sarwmunoebaTa
aRmsarebelad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracx mqmnelad, amas zeda
SevikribeniT sabrZanebelTa Sina CvenTa qarTlisa da kaxeTisa mitropolitni
da episkoposni. arqimandritni da winamZRvarni, agre orTave samefoTa mTavarni
da darbazis erni. miuvlineT mociqulni, vkiTxeT da vamxileT misi boroti
cTomileba. xolo man saanjmnoda aRiara Cvenisa sarwmunoebisagan midreka da
laTinTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica. ese aw Sekrebulman wmidaman
krebaman ugulebel hyo da antoni kaTalikozi samociqulosa saydarsa da
kaTolike eklesiisagan jerovnad aRvfxvarT da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT.
aw ese piri davamtkiceT, ukeTu sameoxoTa sityvaTa romelmanme Cven mefem
Teimuraz, anu Zeman Cvenman mefem iraklim da yovelTa saqarTveloTagan anu
mTavarman qenebiTa anu romliTame mizeziTa ese aRTqmuli SevcvaloT da
kualad misi kaTalikozad dadgineba movindomoT, risxvasamca SevcvlviT
wmidasa da erT arsisa samebisasa da yovelTa mgmobarTa Tana daiwesebis
cxovreba Cveni da wmidaTa didTa msoflioTa krebaTagan Гvebulad
SeCvenebiTamc aRviГocebiT~.
2. `qristes aqeT CRNE (1755)
dekenbers iv (16)
cxad iqmna saqarTvelosa Sina antoni kaTalikozisa qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebaTagan gandgoma da laTinTa sarwmunoebisad midreka. amas zeda
didad aRZrnes mefeni da srulni saqarTvelosa samRvdelo da saeroni erni.
amasve Jamsa mefeman saqarTvelosaman, RmrTiv cxebulman Teimuraz da Zeman
misman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim, Sekribnes orTave samefoTa mitropolitni,
episkoposni, arqimandritni da winamZRvarni. agreTve mTavarni da darbazis
erni. mociqulni miuvlines kaTalikozsa da SeWmariti sarwmunoeba hkiTxes.
xolo man mtkiced aRiara qarTvelTa sarwmuneobisagan gasvla da laTinTa
mimarT midreka. masve Jamsa warmoadginna Tavisni aRzrdilni xuTni vinme
samRvdeloni da maT ufrosad Гma amaRlebiT aRiares aRmosavleTTa
eklesiisagan ganyeneba da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa Sewynareba. ra mefeTa ese
daimtkices, romel SescTes, ese antoni masve Jamsa kaTalikozobisagan
ganayenes da wirvisaganmca gankveTes. agreTve TanaaRmsarebelni misni miiyvanes
winaSe mefeTa da krebisa. dasajes, Tmani da wverni aRkveces. Semdgomad dReTa
raodenTame kualad cnobad movida, sinanulad iwyo da agreTve qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebis aRsareba, fici da aRTqma daudva. maSin srulad warmoTqva,
romel aTvrameti Tve, daeyo maTsa wvalebasa Sina aRsarebiTa da ziarebiTa,
radgan moiqca da egreTve sinanulad movida, moZRvari uCvenes da sinanulad
ganakanones: radgan aTvrameti Tve hqonda wvalebasa Sina sxvasa sinanulisa
gareT, aTvrametive Tve wirvisagan daayenes. mermeRa Semdgomac aTvrametisa
Tvis Seiwynares da wirva misces da ese aRTqma, fici da SeCveneba wigniT
daamtkices, romel ars romelTame mizeziTa da sinanuliT amisi
kaTalikozoba aRar iqnas. garna esreT Seiwynares, romel Tu undes aqave
dadges, Tu ara romelsame marTlmadidebelTa samTavrosa Sina movides.
Semdgomad ama ricxulTa aRsarebisa wirvisagan nuRaravin daayeneben,
Seiwynaron da Jami awirvinon: radgan kaTalikozobisa micema wignTa da
SeCvenebiT daamtkices, oris sasjeliT aRar dasajes, amisTvis wirva misca
krebaman~.
3. `q. ese mtkices Seuryeveli da Seucvalebeli wigni didis ficiTa da
aRTqmis dadebiT mogarTvi me yovlad uRirsman antoni Tqven RmrTiv
cxebulsa qarTvelTa mefesa Teimurazs da kaxTa mefes iraklis da orTave
samefoTa wmidaTa mitropolitTa da didebulTa mTavarTa. ama pirsa zeda,
[ama]codvaTa CemTa simravleTa ugunurebiT Secdomil viqmen da laTinTa
borotad madidebloba piriTa CemiTa y[ovlad] cxadad aRviare. amis ZaliT
Tqvenis mwyemsobisa da kaTalikozobisagan samarTlad gardamayeneT,
WeSmaritis brW... xolo ukanasknel cnobad ra movel da vcan WeSmariti
sarwmunoeba, viwye tirilad, godebad da sinanulad da amasTan u[ar] vyav
borotad madidebelTa laTinTa da aRviare WeSmariti marTlmadidebloba
aRmosavleTisa. amas zeda... iqmneniT Cem zeda da raodenni Tveni da Jamni
dameyvnes laTinTa mwvalebelTa Tana, egoden Jamni ganmiweseT cTomaTa CemTa
Senanebad. da aTvrametisa Tvisa ricxvisa Semdgomad Rvdelmoqmedebis
Гelyofa mibrZaneT ZmebriTa TanalmobiTa.
awiTgan meca ama Гelwerilsa davsdeb winaSe keTilmsaxurTa mefeTa da
winaSe wmidisa krebisa: SemcaCvenebel viyo da Sekrul mamisa da Zisa da
yovlad wmidisa sulisagan da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTagan, Tumca
kidev me laTinTa sarwmunoebisa mimarT miveqce, anu farulad gulsa Sina
vipyra da zakviT saxesa viCemebde, anu papa hromisa yovlisa soflisa mwyemsad
da ufrosad mwamdes, anu suli wmida mamisa da Zisagan aRviRo da ara mxolod
mamisagan gamomavali, gina sulTa codvilTa cecxliTa [ganwmeda] mrwamdes,
anu Semdgomad mRvdlobisa SurisgebisaTvis mefe anu episkoposi, anu mRvdeli
vswyeo saqarTvelo Sina, krulmca viyo aTormetTa mociqulTa madlisagan da
nawili Cemi damcadebul ars orgulTa Tana.

1756 wlis 4 aprilis saeklesio krebam daadgina:

`ganCineba
kaTalikozs antonis zeda - damxobad, gandevnad da wirvisagan dayenebad
da kualad Sendoba da miteveba da ruseTs gagzavna misi.
welsa ganxorcielebidan sityvisa RvTisa 1755 w. Tvesa dekenbersa 16. Cven
mefeman qarTvelTaman Teimuraz da Zeman Cuenman mefeman kaxTaman ereklem da
orTave amis samefosa episkoposTa mogivlineniT arximandriti orni Sen –
antonis kaTalikozsa Cvensa, gamokiTxvad, Tu romlisa sarwmunoebisa xar.
amisaTvis, romel gvesmoda da WeSmaritca iyo laTinTa sarwmunoebisa mimarT
midreka Seni da iRvwidica Sewonebad maTda idumal erisa. maSin
movlinebulTa Cuen mier arximandritTa arRara daufare da saanjnod aRiare
wvaleba laTinTa da sauwyebod Cvenda gamoucxade; da viTarca ese vscaniT,
myis dagamxeviT saydrisagan Senisa da SenTana erTxmani samRvdeloni
davsajeniT da eriskacni uziarebel hyveniT.
xolo Semdgomad raodenTame dReTa moege gonebasa cnobad WeSmaritebisa
sarwmunoebisa da iwye godeba da tirili da Sevrdoma da Txovad Sendobisa
da uar hyav boroti cTomileba Seni da ganhГme sidrkue da sarwmunoeba
laTinTa, romelica Segewynara da aRTqmiTa da ficiTa da SeCvenebiTa
dagvakeren arRara midrekad gmobaTa mimarT laTinTa.
 amas zeda viTar Svenoda pirvelsa maxlobelsa da Cven mier siyvarulsa
Sensa, friad sayvareli Cvenda iqmnen, garna saydarsave aRsvla Seni
cxovrebisa Sina Sensa arRara iqmneboda, orTave mefeTa krebisa ficiT esreT
dagvemtkica.
xolo gangiweseT kanonad dacadeba, Sewirvisagan usisxloБsa msxverplsa
TveTa aTvrametTa da memreRa Sewirvad saRmrTo liturRiisa. eseodeni Tveni
dageyvnes gandrekilebasa Sina laTinTa mimarTsa da kualad Semdgomad
TTveTa samTa gancxadna friadi sinanuli Seni da yovliTurT ucxo yofa
wvalebisagan papis mosavTa laTinTasa da sruliad aRmosavleTis ekklesiis
sarwmunoeba ipoveboda SenTana, Tvinier yovlisa iWvisa.
da friad wadier iqmen yovliTurT keTilmsaxursa da yovliTurT
marTlmadidebelsa imperiasa ruseTisasa warsvlad, romelica umetes
gulsavse gВyofda marTlmadideblobasa Sensa. amas zeda yovelTave erTobiT
mefeTa da krebaman SevamokleT kanonni, romelnicaa gangvewesnes, raTa Rirs
iqmne usisxlosa msxverplsa Sewirvad. yovlad wmidasa sauflosa dResa
aRvsebisasa, romelsa dResa aRsdga ufali Cveni ieso qriste, da esreT
pativiTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTa wargzavnes da Rirs ars Sewynareba Seni
mRvdelmTavrad marTlmadideblad da sadaca mixvide dauyovnebelad
xelyofad saRmrTosa liturRiisa yovlisa samRvdelmTavroБsa moqmedebisa,
viTarca mRvdelTmTavari. aqave aRgisrulebies saRmrTo Jamis wirva,
samTavrosa Cvenisa da mSvidobiT warxvel.
xolo samRvdeloni kacni, romelnica SenTana erTxma iyvnes laTinTa
cTomasa zeda, maTca ganmarTnes midrekilebani Tvisni da SenTanve aRiares
marTlmadidebloba da maTca SeundeviT mRvdelobad da msaxurebad saRmrTosa
saidumlosa dResa sauflosa aRdgomisasa.~
aRniSnul krebas zogierTi Zveli avtori `goris krebas~ uwodebs444.
21. Tbilisis IV kreba (2-8 oqtomberi 1764) (zaqaria gabaSvilis gankveTa)

erekle mefes miaCnda, rom antoni saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso taxtidan

politikuri motiviT Camoagdo mamamisma, amitomac mudamJams eloda
xelsayrel moments antonis ruseTidan ukan dasabruneblad, amasTanave,
rogorc didebuli saeklesio istorikosi polievktos karbelaSvili wers:
`amis gamo erekle mefes mamasTan didi usiamovneba hqonda da niadag
ayvedrida antonis gaZevebasa~445. TviTon Teimurazsac, istorikosis sityviT,
ugrZvnia Tavisi Secdoma antonis gaZevebis gamo da 1760 wels ruseTSi misi
gamgzavrebis erT-erTi mizezi antonis saqmis mogvarebac yofila, magram
rogorc cnobilia, Teimuraz II ruseTSi gardaicvala. didad sayuradReboa
is garemoeba, rom mamis sikvdilis ambis gagebisTanave erekle mefem da
samefo saxlis gavlenianma wrem `maSinve kaci afrines antonTan da
daibares~1. es imas niSnavs, rom ereklem kategoriulad mosTxova antons
ukanve dabrunebuliyo saqarTveloSi da kvlav asuliyo sakaTalikoso
taxtze. cxadia, erekle mefesTan erTad wminda eklesiis ierarqiam kargad
icoda, rom antoni dasjili iyo Teimuraz mefis mier politikuri mizezebis
gamo. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, erekles cxadia gauWirdeboda
`mwvaleblobaSi~ dadanaSaulebuli piris sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvana.
WeSmariteba da simarTle yvelam icoda, yvela ierarqma da samRvdelom,
erTi kacis garda _ es iyo zaqaria gabaSvili, romelic didad
ewinaaRmdegeboda am saqmes. Tuki mRvdlis xarisxSi myofma, Raribma da
sakmaod dabali warmoSobis kacma aseTi didi winaaRmdegobis gaweva SeZlo
mefisa da patriarqis mimarT, cxadia, mRvdelmTavrebs gacilebiT didi
winaaRmdegobis gaweva da saqmis CaSlac SeeZloT, magram yvela dadumda,
radganac, rogorc vTqviT, yvelam icoda simarTle _ antoni ciliswamebis
gamo daisaja. amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiam xelsayreli momentis
dadgomisTanave gadawyvita moewvia kreba, romelic dasjida wina krebaze
gamarjvebul cilismwamebel mRvdel zaqaria gabaSvils. misi dasjiT
sabolood gauqmda wina 1755-56 wlis krebaTa mier antonis mimarT miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebi, 1764 wlis krebam wina krebaTa mimarTeba Zaladakargulad
cno. aRiara Secdoma daSvebuli antonis mimarT da ufro meti, sastikad
dasaja isini, romelTac SecdomaSi Seiyvanes wina 1755 wlis kreba. rogorc
aRiniSna, 2-18 oqtombers 1764 wlisa Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis kreba,
romelsac daeswrnen: mefe erekle, anton kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi
kirile, besarion episkoposi, tfileli qristefore, mroveli germane, saba
ninowmindeli, mangleli nikolozi, ioseb rusTaveli (im dromde
kaTalikosi). kreba gacilebiT ufro warmomadgenlobiTi iyo, vidre 1755
wlis kreba, romelsac albaT ufro Sekreba unda vuwodoT, vidre kreba.
krebam ganixila anton kaTalikosis mimarT ciliswamebis sakiTxi,
gamoikvlia cilismwameblis vinaoba, moismina misi braldeba, romlis
ganxilvis Semdegac saeklesio sasjeli daado cilismwamebels. krebisaTvis
naTeli iyo, rom antons kaTolikobaSi brals debda mRvdeli zaqaria
gabaSvili da masTan daaxloebuli piri, misi Svili diakoni iosebi _
oriveni `gankanondnen~, CamoerTvaT sasuliero wodeba.
krebas zurgs umagrebda isic, rom ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma
ufro adre ciliswamebad miiCnia antonis kaTolikur sarwmuneobaze
midreka, aRiara misi sruli marTlmadidebloba da daniSna vladimiris
eparqiis mmarTvel arqiepiskoposad. roca Teimurazis gardacvalebis Semdeg
antoni daeTxova uwmindes sinods ruseTisas da wamovida saqarTveloSi
sinodma samgzavrod misca 1500 maneTi. antoni saqarTveloSi mosula 1764
wlis damdegs. saqarTvelos wminda eklesias antoni umtkivneulod auyvania
sakaTalikoso taxtze. am taxtis droebiT mpyrobeli iosebi ki xarWaSneli
episkoposis kaTedraze gadaiyvana. krebam antonis `miwyale~
marTlmadideblur Txzulebad gamoacxada.
p. karbelaSvils Tavis wignSi mohyavs 1764 wlis krebis ganCineba: `anton
I 1764 wlis damdegs saqarTveloSi movida. am dros erekle mefe kaxeTSi
iyo, maSinve Camovidnen TbilisSi. moaxdines kreba 1764 w. 2-18 oqtombers,
krebazed daeswrnen: mefe erekle, anton kaTalikozi, mTavarepiskoposi
kirile, besarion episkopozi, tfileli qristefore, mroveli germane, saba
ninowmindeli, mangleli nikoloz, ioseb rusTaveli (am dromde
kaTalikozi), antonis mosvlis Semdeg iosebs misces xarWaSneloba, da vinc
antons daswama cili da `miwyales Targmani~ uarhyves, yvelani ganhkanones.
zaqaria mRvdeli gabaSvili ganhkveTes mRvdelobidan: `weliwad naxevars
aRsareba aravin aTqmevinoso~446.

1764 wlis krebis ganCineba ganCineba zaqariaze

[sruli teqsti]
 ganCineba da msjavri samociquloБ zemosa saqarTveloisa mamad mTavrisa
antonis mier da episkoposTa, samefosa qalaqsa tfiliss. palatsa
sakaTalikozosa SekrebulTagan zaqariasTvis xucisa da vieTTame mimdgomTa
misTa, cxadad damrTgunvelTa sjulTa saRvToTa da mamaTa kanonisaTa.
macxovari Cveni da ufali metyveli gvaswavebs kualad `ukeTu
krebulisa ara isminos iyven igi Senda viTarca mezvere da warmarTi~.
gamoCnda ukve Cvensa eparxiasa Sina kaci gamryvneli qristes savenaxisa
zaqaria ukve xucesi `amaRlebuli mecnierebasa zeda RvTisasa~ _ goneba igi
asuristanel RmerT ocnebuli Tavisagan Tvisa, romeli nebsiT huriaebriTa
`SuriTa tyveqmnuli. siZulviliTa moyvasTaTa, sruliad damviwyebeli
sjulTa siyvarulisaTa, romeli moeca mowafeTa qristesTa da
mTavrobiTaca romeli weril ars `mTavrisaTvis erisa Senissa ara ityode
Zvirsa~. aRdga ciliswamebad keTil msaxursa zeda mefesa Cvensa da
mamadmTavarsa zeda Cvensa, da yovlad samRvdeloTa mRudelT mTavarTa da
yovelsa zeda savsebasa eklesiisasa, da mTavarTa zeda da, udidesi vTqva,
eklesiasa zeda saqarTveloБsa, viTarca mwvalebelTa zeda, da sjulsa,
cxadad damTrgunveli nebsiT, ara moxune, iqmna. `ara cilis wamo moyvassa
Sensa wamebiTa cruБTaTa~ da daiviwya kualad Tqmuli igi eklesiastesa
Sina (ciliswamebulTaTvis) `vixile yoveli cili wameba qmnili mzesa qveSe,
da aha cremli cilisa cilis wamebisani da ara ars nugeSinis mcemeli
maTi~. vinaca simaRleman misman mefeman Cvenman da wmidaman krebulman
Seundo da mraval gzis miuSva igi aRdgomad da hyo dagebaБ misTana ese
viTari, viTarmed romelTaca marTlmadideblobiTa zeda werilTa wvalebad
aRmoCenda ukeTuri igi (zemoxsenebuli zaqaria), werili ese keTil
msaxurman mefeman da wmindaman krebulman aRiRo Soris da daiduma misTvis
sityvis gebaБ ara Tu amisaTvis, viTarmed wvalebisa raБme wadiereba iyomca
werilTa maT Sina, romelnica yovliTurT aRmosavlisa eklesiisa
Seudgebodes doRmatTaca Sina da saqmeTa, aramed siyvarulisaTvis, raTa
wina aRmdgomni igi CvenTana aso iyvnen windisa eklesiisa, _ yovelive
simaRleman misman mefeman Cvenman da krebulman yves enkeniebri sixaruli
eklesiisa ganxeTqilebisa SeerTebisaTvis da mouwodeT CvenTana
mRvdelmoqmedebad ukeTursa zaqarias saRmrToTa zeda liturgiisa,
romelsaca, da eziara zaqaria xeliTa mamaT mTvarisaTa saRmrTosa
saidumlosa patiosnisa sisxliTa misiTa: `mucladeRo salmoba igi mware~
ese igi ganxeTqaБ kvlavad ekklesiisa qristesisa, Sekrebulisa WeSmaritad
ganmaorebelman man saqmeTa iudasTaman, mowafeman mzakvaman da mociqulman
warwymedilman, zakviT ziarebiTare uxrwnelisa saidumlosaTa, viTar igi
monaman misman iuda Wur eSmakisa-hyo Tavi Tvisi, rameTu Sevida misa eSmaki
da, gansrulman krebulisagan samociquloБsa wmidisa ekklesiisa, mwvalebel
uwoda mamad mTavarsa antons da ara moixsenebda eSmakeuli igi viTarmed
`mRudelTmTavarTa TvisTaTvis borotis mzraxvelTa marTl msajul ars
RmerTi.~ viTar igi odesme aronisa zeda aRdgomilTa mimarT saja `ganpeba
qveynisa da cocxliv danTqmaБ jojoxeTsa Sina da cecxlis aRrtexileba~.
a) vinaca mamad mTavari Cveni antoni mravalgzis qadagebasa Sina ambionsa
zeda winaSe mefisa da winaSe Cvensa, da winaSe yovlisa erisa aRiarebdis
aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisasa aRsarebasa, da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa
aRmsarebelTa saSiniliTare SeaCvenebdis sityvebiTa; b) garna eSmakeulman
man da ar Semwynarebelman mRudelT mTavrobisa misiman, raБveca muclad
eRo, Sva _ usjuloeba igi siZulvilisa moyvasTa da ZmaTa TvisTa _
ganipara samefoБT saqarTvelosaTa sxvad samefod ese gvariTare siveragiTa,
viTarmed ityoda urcxvinod reca mefisagan gantevebisa Tvisssa. g) warvida
sxvad samefod amisaTvis, raTa eklesia saqarTveloБsa keTil msaxuriT
mefiTurT mwvaleblad, ese igi Semwynarebelad laTinT sarwmunoebisa, da
arawmidisa papisa, romelTaca gamoaCinos da saRrmToTa patriarqTagan
saberZneTisaTa SeCveneba moatyvas ekklesiasa zeda saqarTveloБsasa, ver
gulis xmis myofelman, viTarmed muneburni mefeca da mRvdelmTavarni
Tvinier WeSmaritisa cnobisa ara ewamebian; d) odes, SevkribT ra palatad
sakaTalikozod da miuvlineT mas mociqulni orni xucesni,_ porfiri xuces
monazoni da giorgi proTopopi tfilisis sakaTalikozoБsa ekklesiisa –
SevsTvaleniT sityvani ese gvarni, raTa moviyvaneTca sinanulad, magra Wuri
igi eSmakisa uqvemoes eSmakTa daadginebda Tavsa Tvissa da, mwvaleblad
mwodebeli Cveni _ wina aRmdgomTa mogvigebda; e) meremeRa moviyvaneT krebad
pyrobilni da zvaobiT da daumdableblad mogvigebda. vinaca moiRo omfori,
Semmosvelman petraxeliTurT da samklaviT mamamTavarman Cvenman antoni,
moidrikna muxlni da ityoda maRliTare xmiTa: `sulo yovlad wmidao da
cxovels myofelo TviTebao, mxoloБsagan mamisa gamosrulo, mxoloo
romelica sions cecxlisa enebisa saxed gardamoxed mociqulTa zeda!
ukeTu me winaarmdgomsa rasame aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisa, anu Targmanebasa
Sina meergasisa fsalmunebisasa, ese igi miwyalesa anu apoloRiasa Sina
Cemsa laTinTa sarwmunoebisa raБme _ anu gonebiT, anu mogonebiT, anu
hazriT, anu sityviT warmoCeniliT damedvasca, anu dameweros, _ myav me
wyeul, krul SeCvenebul suliT da xorciT da saflaviT ama sofelsa da
meremesa mas; da ukeTu cilis wamebiT mabralebdes me zaqaria xucesi _ hyav
ese wyeul, krul, SeCvenebul suliT da xorciT da saflaviT ama sofelsa
da meremesaca mas~. xolo Cven yovelTa mun mdgomTa mitropolitTa da
episkopozTa, ZrwoliT msmenelTa, vrquT erTobiT `amin~. 3) garna
eSmakeulman man warmosTxia kvlavd simyraleБ Tvisi metyvelelman _
`SemiCvenebies TargmanebacaБ~ miwyalesi, da yovelni Semwynarebelni misni~.
amisaTvis Cven SekrebulT yovlad samRvdeloTa mTavarTa vsajeT
usjuloT gamoyvanebad da SeCvenebad yovlad ukeTuri xucesi igi _ zaqaria
daRaTuara mwvalebeli, aramed viTarca garadamavali mamaTa kanonisa zemo
werilTa maT ricxvT ganyofil bralTa misTaTvis. pirvelisaTvis bralisa,
ese igi ar SewynarebisaTvis umsjavrod Tvisisa mRvdelmTavrisa vyofT
gankveTasa missa mRvdelobisagan l’v kanonTamebr wmidaTaTa mociqulTa miT,
ro kanoniTa miT wmidaTa mociqulTaTa ocdameTeqvsmetiTa ara Tu xolod
ar Semwynarebelni mRvdelTmTavarTani ganikveTebian mRvdelobisagan, aramed
iginica, romelni ara mwrTvel arian mRudel mTavrisa mimarT
daumorCilebelisa erisa damorCilebad; kvalad amisTvisve bralisa
ganvkveTT mas mRvdelobisagan nu kanoniTa wmidaTave mociqulTaTa, miT
romel udidesi gineba ara raБme ars, viTar mwvalebelad wodebaБ;
meorisaTvis bralisa misisa gankveTT mas mRvdelobisagan kanoniTa
wmidaTa mociqulTaTa ie kanoniTa, da krebisa antioqisaTa g da ia,
romlisaTvis ganvaqiqebTaca da sruliad ganvxdiT da pativsa miuRebT da
laodikiisa ma-mg da xalkidonisa ig da konstantinopolisa g krebisa iz da
meored nikis i kanoniTa; da mesamisaTvis muxlisa da meeqvsisa SevaCvenebT,
da uqvemoes eSmakisa davadginebT, viTarca mwvalebelsa saxlisa RvTisa, ese
igi saqarTveloБsa wmidisa eklesiisa da mas Sina qmnilisa wmidisa krebisa
advilad Seuracxismyofelobisasa, kanoniTa v da v wmidisa krebisa
RangrisaTa;
mwvalebelad wodebisaTvis keTilmsaxurisa mefisa Cvenisa, miuRebT
Sesaxebsa pativsa mRvdelobisasa, viTarca ars Cveuloba wmindisa da didisa
eklesiisa ruseTis maginebelTa zeda mefisaTa; amasaTana miuRebT
saxelsaca, romeli ewodeboda mRvdelobasa Sina, miT romel ara
naTlisRebasa Sina wodebuliyo saxeli igi mis zeda, aramed mRvdelobasa
Sina da romliTa saxeliTa iwodeboda eris kacobasa Sina, vbrZanebT raTa
igive saxeli edebodes amieridgan.
meoTxisaTvis bralisa vyofT, viTarca mezveresa da warmarTsa
sityvisaebr uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesa (maT. 18,17) da vswrTviT mas
Zrielad, viTarca urCsa da winaaRdgomsa krebisasa; xolo yovelTa bralTa
misTa zemo werilTa _ umorCilebaTa da aRmaSfoTebelTa da ganxeTqaTa
eklesiisaTa, mis ZliT sxva da sxvad erad yofaTaTvis CvenTa da, udidesi
vTqvaT, dedasa Tvissa wmidasa saqarTveloБsa eklesiasa zeda
aRdgomisaTvis da mwvaleblad wodebisaTvis misisa da mravalTa maT
ukeTurebaTa misTa Tvis yovlad ukeTursa mas da usjulosa zaqaria xuces
yofilsa gankveTil vyofT wmidasagan mRvdelobisa: SevaCvenebT, vswyevT,
SevkravT Cvenda mocemulTa mRvdelmTavrobiTaTa xelmwifebiTa, miT ukve
romeli igi rqva xelmwifeman sikvdilisa da cxovrebisaman saRmrToTa da
samRvdeloTa mowafeTa TvisTa `romeli SekraT qveyanasa zeda, iyvnen
Sekrul caTa Sina~, da kvalad `romeli SeipyraT Sepyrobil iyvnen~, da
yovelTa meoxTa da SuamdgomelTa misTasa vyoT SeCveneba, da misTa
misrulTa yovelTa SevaCvenebT miT, romel weril ars esreT viTarmed
`romeli Seexos Tvissa gaSavdes~, da yovelTa SemweTa misTa SevaCvenebT.
ganvkveTeT diaknobisagan da SevaCvenebT Svilsaca missa iosebs, viTa
mamisa Tvisisa Semwesa, da Tana mwvalebelad mwodebelsa wmidisa
saqarTveloБsa eklesiisa; SevaCvenebT Wursaca mas eSmakisasa mowafesa missa
isaks viTarca yovelsave Sina ziarsa moZRvrisa Tvisisa.
xolo ukeTu movidnen sinanulad, da didiTare sinanuliTa uku Tqvnen
yovelive warTqmulni Tvisni, da Seurden wmindasa mamaTmTavarsa Cvensa da
wmidasa krebasa sruliTa guliTa – SeviwynarebT da mouwodebT sinanulad,
da ara sruliad warwymedil vyofT, viTarca monanulTa; garna Svilsa missa
iosebs mosrulsa sinanulad da orTaganve umolxinesad SeviwynarebT. welsa
1764 Tvesa okdombersa 18~378.
magram zaqaria mainc gakerpda da saqarTvelodgan ruseTSi wasvla arCia
1767 wels. amitom mefe ereklem Semdegi gramota miswera yizlaris cixis
Tavs (комендантъ) general-maiors potapovs: `xucesi vinme saxeliT zaqaria.
naTesaviT gabaSvili Cvenisa samefoБsagan borot gamsjeli da ukeTuressa
gzasa zeda dadgomili, misman uwmindesobaman mamaTmTavarman Cvenman da
episkoposTa samefoБsa CvenisaTa SekrebiT SeaCvenes da yovlisagan madlisa
ganaSiSvles weliwadsa CRБd, welsa, Tvesa okdombersa iА. qalaqsa
tfilisisasa. da odes igi SeiCvena, mieriTgan uukeTuresTa saqmeTa moqmedi
 weliwadsa amas CRБz ganvagdeT samefoT CveniT da gvesmis romel yizlar
qalaqad misrul ars, romlisa WeSmariti uwyeba mogarTviT Tqvensa
zeaRmavlobasa, nu SeiwynarebT amas viTarca qristianesa amad, romel
yovlisagan qristianeTa madlisa SiSvel ars.~
erekle

Tavis mxriv anton kaTalikozma miswera `suliersa pravleniesa yizlar

qalaqisasa antoni kaTalikozi yovlisa zemoБsa saqarTveloБsa uflisa
mier locva kurTxeviT movikiTxav! mizezi ese ars Cven mier Tqvenda momarT
awindelisa epistolisa, romel uwyeba gvnebavs Tqvenda momarT, viTarmed
xucesi vinme iyo saxeliT zaqaria, naTesaviT gabaSvili, eparxiisa
Cvenisagani, romelica Rirsad da samarTlad ganikveTa mRvdelobisagan da
SeiCvena da anafema iqmna Cvengan da episkoposTa CvenTa didTa siboroteTa
misTaTvis weliwadsa, 1764, okdobersa iГ, xolo brali ukeTurisa mis ese
iyo, rameTu Sescoda – umaRlessa mefobasa keTilmsaxurisa da mwyemsTmTa-
vrobasa Cvensa, romlisaTvis uwyeba ese imasTvis mogviweries Tqvenda: ukeTu
mand zakviT da veragobiT samRvdelo moqmedeba raБme moindomos – nu
miuSvebT samRvdelosa mimarT moqmedebisa. madli uflisa Cvenisa ieso
qristesi amin. daiwera samefosa qalaqsa tfiliss. wels 1767 TTvesa
oktombersa 20 dResa `antoni kaTalikozi yovlisa zemoБsa saqarTveloБsa.~
1764 wlis saqarTvelos saeklesio krebam Tavisi samarTliT safuZveli daudo
qarTuli eklesiis winsvla-ayvavebis saqmes XVIII s-is II naxevarSi.

daskvna

1995 wlis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

debulebis II Tavis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, wmida sinodis erT-erT movaleobas
Seadgens `saeklesio kanonebis krebulebis gamocema~. am muxlis
aRsasrulebel samuSaos warmoadgens qvemdebare Sroma. radganac yvela Cvens
mier ganxilul sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebis analizs Tan erTvis
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zegli. amitomac Cveni naSromi amasTanave
warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuls.
erTad Tavmoyrili saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis gamocema da maTi
analizi pirvelad xdeba Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi. am mxriv naSromi
garkveul siaxles warmoadgens. saeklesio kanonebis moZiebas sapatriarqo,
saeparqio arqivebsa da sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, aseve aqamde gamocemul
Sesabamis saistorio wyaroebis korpusebSi dasWirda mravali weli.
sakanonmdeblo krebebi ganxilulia am naSromis pirvel wignSi (Tb, 2003),
xolo winamdebare wignSi ganxilulia mimdinare krebebi.
naSromSi safuZvlianadaa ganxiluli saqarTvelos mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi:
1. `episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IV-
V ss.). sxvadasxva qarTuli wyaros cnobiT episkoposTa Sekrebebi IV
saukunidanve ucxo ar iyo qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, kerZod, episkoposebi
Seikribnen mefe mirianis anderZis mosmenisas, aseve vaxtang gorgaslis
ucxoeTidan samSobloSi dabrunebisas. episkoposebi eswrebodnen saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdomas, romelmac Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqroba daadgina,
episkoposebi Seikribnen jer kidev vaxtang gorgasalis mier ganxorcielebul
saeklesio reformamde, kerZod, isini miqael mTavarepiskoposis gverdiT
imyofebodnen qvemo qarTlSi erT-erTi sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxis ganxilvisas.
Tu ramdenad sandoa wyaroTa cnobebi CvenSi saeklesio reformamde
saepiskoposoTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, gaanalizebulia naSromSi da miRebulia
daskvna, rom Tuki qarTuli eklesia, viTarca saeklesio organizacia
namdvilad arsebobda mefe mirianis Semdeg vaxtangis saeklesio reformamde,
imJamindeli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad mas uTuod unda hyoloda ramdenime
episkoposi, romelTa krebasac unda gamoeCina maT Soris pirveli da emarTa
eklesia. rac wyaroTa cnobebiTac dasturdeba. maSasadame, wyaroTa cnobebi
qarTul eklesiaSi mravali saepiskoposos arsebobis Sesaxeb – sandoa da
eTanadeba msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebul wesebs.
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 w.). marTalia somxeTis saeklesio centr
dvinSi mowveuli kreba ar SeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebad,
magram radganac masSi monawileobda qarTlis kaTalikosi sxva 23 qarTvel
episkoposTan erTad da am Sekrebas didi gavlena unda hqonoda saeklesio
cxovrebaze, amitomac SevitaneT Cvens naSromSi. rogorc analizi gviCvenebs, am
saeklesio krebis mowveveviT dainteresebuli iyo rogorc bizantiis, ise
iranis xelisufleba. naSromSi garkveulia, rom ara dvinis 506 wlis krebis,
aramed 522 wlis saeklesio krebis Semdeg monofizitur platformas
upiratesoba mieniWa somxuri eklesiis mier, sabolood ki mas somxurma
eklesiam mxari dauWira 551-554 wlis krebebis Semdeg, qarTulma eklesiam ki
piriqiT, somxuri eklesiis am bolo krebaTa Semdgom mxari ar dauWira da
gaemijna somxuri eklesiis monofizitur platformas, asureli mamebis
Rvawlis Sedegad qarTlSi sabolood gaimarjva difizitobam, rac
sayovelTaod gaxda cnobili 570-ian wlebSi, xolo kirion kaTalikosis
Rvawlis wyalobiT am movlenam praqtikuli gamoxatuleba miiRo. samwuxarod
sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT, romelic monofizitur somxur eklesias
mtkiced uWerda mxars, kirioni gaZevebul iqna sakaTalikoso taxtidan. igi,
Cans, gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic imJamad qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda (zRvispira romauli (bizantiuri) zogierTi cixe-
simagris gamoklebiT). amis dasasabuTeblad moyvanilia prokofi kesarielisa
da vaxuSti batoniSvilis Sesabamisi monacemebi. naSromSi ganxilulia Tu
rogor SeZlo ucxo imperiebis mxardaWeriT VI s-is Semdeg somxurma eklesiam
Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia eTnikuri qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli (iqamde IV-V
saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi myofi kuTxeebi) qvemo qarTli
(VII s-mde), tao (VIII s-mde), hereTi (X s-mde wmida dedofali dinaramde).
aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba qarTul
istoriografiaSi amJamad aRiarebisagan. kerZod, miiCneva, rom qvemoqarTlsa
(gugarqsa), taosa Tu hereTSi VII-VIII ss-Si TiTqosda mimdinareobda `somexTa
gaqarTveleba~ maTSi qalkedonuri sarwmuneobis danergviT.
magaliTad, 2002 w. bolos gamoqveynebul vardan arevelcis `msoflio
istoriis~ komentatoris TvalsazrisiT, `kirioni miznad isaxavda moexdina
gugareTis Sereuli mosaxleobis asimilacia da RvTismsaxurebidan amoeRo
somxuri ena~448. Cveni kvlevis Tanaxmad ki gugarqSi anu qvemo qarTlSi
cxovrobda eTnikurad qarTuli mosaxleoba, IV-V saukuneebSi samwyso
qarTlis kaTalikosisa, romelsac VI s-Si Seqmnili politikuri viTarebis
gamo sparselTa mxardaWeriT eklesiebSi daenergaT somxurenovani
RvTismsaxureba. maSasadame, es xalxi iyo eklesiurad `somxurenovani~ da ara
eTnikurad somexi. ai am samwysosaTvis ineba kirion kaTalikosma aRdgena
qarTulenovani RvTismsaxurebisa da es procesi ar iyo `somexTa asimilacia~.
dvinis krebis ganxilvis dros CamoTvlili da aRdgenilia krebaSi monawile
qarTvel episkoposTa saxelebi da maTi kaTedrebi.
3. mcxeTis krebebi. VII s. dasawyisSi mcxeTis jvris taZris galavanSi
aSenebul `darbazebSi~, sakaTalikoso sveticxovlis taZarsa da saepiskoposo
samTavros taZarSi Sesabamisad, yovel paraskevs, xuTSabaTsa da samSabaTs
imarTeboda episkoposTa Sekrebebi, ganxilulia am krebaTa mizezebi da
Sedegebi.
4. antioqiis saeklesio kreba qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa aRiarebis
Sesaxeb (VIII s.). VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa da sxva
avtorTa cnobiT, Sedga saeklesio kreba. antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes,
mitropolitTa da episkoposTa monawileobiT. krebas miuRia dadgenileba,
raTa qarTuli eklesiis meTauri TviT qarTuli eklesiis episkoposebs
gamoerCiaT da ekurTxebinaT: `episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa~. saeklesio samarTlamcodneTa ganmartebiT, eklesia maSinaa
avtokefaluri, roca mis meTaurs irCevs da adgens TviT mocemuli eklesiis
episkopati da ara romelime ucxo eklesiis meTauri. am mizezis gamo mravali
mkvlevari miiCnevda da zogierTi amJamadac miiCnevs, rom swored aRniSnulma
krebam VIII s-Si mianiWa antioqiis sapatriarqosagan avtokefalia qarTul
eklesias. es mosazreba arasworia, radganac, rogorc amJamad ukve
damtkicebulia v. goilaZis mier, antioqiis aRniSnulma krebam avtokefalia
mianiWa ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, romelic im droisaTvis ukve TavisTavadi
iyo, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. berZnul-bizantiuri
saeklesio istoriografia dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~ uwodebda.
naSromSi amis Sesaxeb mravali wyaroa moxmobili. IV-V ss-Si, ruis-urbnisis
krebis Tanaxmad, dasavleT saqarTvelo mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda,
mxolod VII-s 20-30-iani wlebidan herakle keisris mier saqarTvelos zRvispira
teritoriebis aneqsiis Semdeg es miwa-wyali oficialurad Sevida
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, dainerga aq qarTulis nacvlad wirva-
locvis dros berZnulenovani msaxureba VIII s-dan. am, anu `qvemo iberiis~
teritoriaze TandaTan Camoyalibda saeklesio erTeuli iberiis (qvemo
iberiis) anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, romelmac imJamindeli saeklesio
wesebis dacviT antioqiis ganxilul krebaze moipova avtokefalia,
igulisxmeba rom is gaTavisufla berZnuli sapatriarqosagan da daubrunda
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs, viTarca misi erT-erTi sakaTalikoso, mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos gverdiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis uflebebi kvlav
aRsdga SavizRvispireTSi, gadaiWra am axali sakaTalikososaTvis mironis
miwodebis sakiTxi, rac ganxilulia naSromSi.
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi). anCis kaTedraze aRniSnul
wlebSi Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen qarTlis
sakaTalikosos mier gagzavnili ierarqebi, `yovelni mRvdelni da mrevlni
anCisani~, saqmis mosmenis Semdeg gamotanili iqna ganaCeni, romlis ZaliTac
episkopos cqirs kaTedra CamoarTves, magram, rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos
eklesiis centralurma xelisuflebam saWirod miiCnia angariSis gaweva
Tbilisis amirasaTvis saeklesio saerTo saqmis sasargeblod, rasac
eTanxmeboda kurapalatic, amitom anCis saepiskoposo kaTedraze cqiris kvlav
dabruneba unda momxdariRo 853 wlamde.
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi). `xelmwifed~ wodebulma
mamfalma guaram didma `brZana Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoTa mamaTa da
yovelni Semokrbes javaxeTs~. am Sekrebis mizezi yofila Sedegi: kaTalikos
ilarion I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg samcxis mTavar mirians Tavisi sapatrono
qveynis xalxis TanadgomiT sakaTalikoso taxtze auyvania arseni, safarelad
wodebuli. arsens mxars uWerda `varskvlavi udabnoTa~ wmida mama grigol
xanZTeli da mcire jgufi episkoposebisa, xolo xelmwife guaram mamfali da
episkoposebis ufro didi odenoba mxars uWerdnen sakaTalikoso taxtze
efrem mawyverelis asvlas. es episkoposebi giorgi merCulis cnobiT nawyenni
iyvnen, radganac samcxis mTavarma daarRia maTi wmidaTawmida saeklesio
ufleba saqarTvelos kaTalikosis arCevisa. rogorc wesi avtokefalur
eklesiebSi eklesiaTa meTaurebs irCevs episkoposTa kreba. es wesi ki am
SemTxvevaSi darRveuli iyo. grigol xanZTelma daarwmuna javaxeTSi
Sekrebili episkoposebi da xelmwife guaram mamfali, rom `...RmerTsa ebrZana
kaTalikosoba arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis~. marTlac, krebam mravali
saswauli ixila. sabolood, krebam daamtkica kaTalikosoba arsen mirianis
Zisa. amiT kidev erTxel daamtkica, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs
ZvelTaganve saqarTveloSive irCevdnen saeklesio wesebis dacviT da amiT is
avtokefaluri, TavisTavadi eklesia iyo.
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1046 w.). kamaTi monofizitebsa da
diofizitebs Soris msoflio eklesiaSi dasrulda VI-VII saukuneebSi
monofizitebis damarcxebiT, magram imperiis aRmosavleTiT is kidev ramdenime
saukune gagrZelda. mizezi amisa iyo is, rom imperiis periferiebSi egviptesa,
siriasa da somxeTSi monofiziturma mimarTulebam gaimarjva. egviptisa da
siriis arabTagan dapyrobis Semdeg somxuri eklesia monofizitobis msoflio
centrad gadaiqca. bizantiasTan metoqeobis gamo arabulma xelisuflebam
gansakuTrebiT gaaZliera somxuri eklesia viTarca antibizantiuri
aRmsareblobis mcvelisa kavkasiaSi. IX-X saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis aRorZinebisa da gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Semdeg, mravali kamaTi imarTeboda monofizitebTan (qarTveli
xelmwifis karze). saqme is iyo, rom am provinciebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi
iqamde VI-VII ss-Si somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen, isini saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebad gadaiqcnen, maT garda qveynis samxreT provinciebSi qarTveli
monofizitebic cxovrobdnen, rac gamoZaxili iyo wina saukuneebSi somxuri
eklesiis agresiul saxelmwifoTa mxridan gaZlierebisa. es qarTvelebi axal
viTarebaSi ubrundebodnen qarTul eklesias, rac davis mizezi iyo. erTi
aseTi kreba Sedga javaxeTSi, sofel RrtilasTan mefe bagrat IV-is dros, 1046
wels, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari am krebas bagrat III-Tan (975-1014) akavSirebs.
krebas diofizitTa mxridan eswrebodnen wurwyabeli episkoposi gvarad
miqelaZe, yveleli episkoposi sanano, tbeli grigol abuseriZe, anCeli
episkoposi, mecnieri beri efTvime grZeli, monofizitTa mxridan `didi
moZRvari somxeTisai~ sosTeni, igi `friad mecnier~ yofila. mas mxars
farulad uWerda monofiziti qarTveli mwignobarTuxucesi efTvime. kamaTi
dasrulda qarTveli beris efTvime grZelis saxelovani gamarjvebiT, rasac
didi mniSvneloba hqonda samxreT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis,
is `iqmna Zegl marTlisa sarwmunoebisa~.
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057). pirobiTad ase vuwodeT
antioqiaSi XI s-Si Semdgar saeklesio krebas, romelmac daadastura qarTuli
eklesiis uflebani, gansxvavebiT antioqiaSive VIII s-Si gamarTuli imave
xasiaTis krebisagan. XI s. 20-ian wlebSi mkveTrad daiZaba urTierToba
saqarTvelosa da bizantiis saxelmwifoebs Soris. bizantia gaaRiziana
gaerTianebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sagrZnobma gaZlierebam. omis wamowyebis
sababad bizantiam gamoiyena bagrat III-is Zis giorgi I-is `SeWra bizantiis
sazRvrebSi~. TviT imperatori basili II da konstantine VII piradad
mxedarTmTavrobdnen mebrZol berZenTa jars. omi xangrZlivad gagrZelda.
qarTvelTa jari ramdenjerme damarcxda. mterTan brZolisas qarTulma
eklesiam daiWira mkveTri pozicia da saTaveSi Caudga saerTo-saxalxo oms
bizantielTa winaaRmdeg, episkoposebis saba mtbevarisa da ezra anCelis
meTaurobiT. amis sapasuxod mTel bizantiis imperiaSi, maT Soris aTonsa, Sav
mTasa da sxvagan daiwyo qarTveli berebis sastiki devna. eWv qveS dadga
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis ufleba. or marTlmadidebel xalxs Soris
zavisa da mSvidobis Camosagdebad iRwodnen qarTuli eklesiis iseTi ori
gavleniani piri, rogorebic iyvnen wmida giorgi mTawmideli da sqemonazoni
mariami, deda mefe bagrat meoTxisa. erT-erTi aseTi kreba aRniSnuli
moRvaweebis monawileobiT antioqiis patriarqTan da mis ierarqiasTan Sedga
1056 wels. am SexvedriT dedoflis kmayofilebis, maSasadame qarTuli
eklesiis problemebis gadaWris Sesaxeb mematianec miuTiTebs. antioqiaSi
viTareba Seicvala 1057 wlidan, rac sapatriarqo taxtze petre III-is
gardacvalebis Semdeg avida Teodosi III. amave wels kvlav Sedga kreba
antioqiaSi, romelzec berZnebma axali braldeba wamoayenes rom saqarTveloSi
yovelgvari saeklesio wesis gangeba xdeba TviT saqarTveloSive, rom
qarTveli episkoposebi ar arian sxva romelime episkoposis xelqevS, rac
arasasurvelia, qarTvelTa eklesiis arsebuli avtokefalia
arasamarTlebrivia, radganac arc erT mociquls saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia -
aseTi iyo bizantiel ierarqTa Sexeduleba aRniSnul krebaze. imJamindeli
SexedulebiT avtokefaliis ufleba hqonda im qveynis eklesias, sadac
mociqulma iqadaga. maSasadame, qarTvelTaTvis saWiro iyo moZieba im wyarosi,
romelic daamtkicebda, rom saqarTveloSi romelime mociqulma iqadaga. aseTi
samuSao Seasrula giorgi mTawmidelma, man krebas warmouudgina aseTi wyaro,
es iyo `mimosvla andria mociqulisa~. masze dayrdnobiT wmidanma krebas
ganucxada: `Cven qarTvelebi varT andria pirvelwodebulis moqceulni, mis
garda Tormet mociqulTagan erT-erTi simon kananeli Cvens qveyanaSi
afxazeTSi kerZod nikofsiaSia dakrZaluli~. wmida giorgi mTawmidelis
pasuxidan da misi wyarodan kargad Canda, rom am mociqulebma saqarTveloSi
namdvilad iqadages. imJamindeli SexedulebiT es wyaro avtokefaliis
iuridiul sabuTs warmoadgenda da ukve sakmarisi iuridiuli safuZveli iyo
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis uflebis damtkicebisTvis.
kreba darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis kanonierebaSi.
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1058). ase vuwodeT pirobiTad krebas,
romelic bagrat IV-is karze Sedga opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris
samamule davis gamo. paragrafSi garkveulia, rom saxelmwifos uzenaesi
organos `darbazis karis~ upirvelesi `darbaiselni~ iyvnen eklesiis pirveli
ierarqebi kaTalikosebi qarTlisa da afxazeTisa, aseve moZRvarTmoZRvari da
Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi. maTTan TanamSromlobiTa da `darbazis
TanadgomiT~ mefe `ganuCenda~ anu gamoscemda kanonebs. imis gamo, rom
darbazis muSaobas warmarTavda aRniSnuli saeklesio ierarqia, darbazi
gamoscemda ara mxolod saero, aramed saeklesio datvirTvis dadgenilebebsac
- `saeklesio gansagebelsa darbazis kariT miiRebdin~. amis gamo saeklesio
sakiTxic opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris ganixila darbazis karma,
saero da sasuliero pirTa, aseve eqspert-iuristTa monawileobiT, am
ukanasknelT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ erqvaT. krebam gaamarTla
mijnaZoris monasteri, Sesabamisi sabuTebis ganxilvis Semdeg. paragrafSi
garkveulia, rom `zemo mamulebi~ anu `zemo qveyana~ sazogadod ewodeboda
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, xolo `qveda mamulebi, qvemo qveyana, qvemo iveria~ -
dasavleT saqarTvelos.
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178). demna batoniSvilis ajanyebis
CaxSobis Semdeg gamarjvebulma mefe giorgi III-m uflisadmi madlierebis
gamosaxatavad gadawyvita saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis raime didi sikeTis
miniWeba. imis gasarkvevad Tu ra esaWiroeboda imJamad sazogadod
saqarTvelos eklesias, Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daadgina, rom
umjobesi iyo eklesiis gaTavisufleba usamarTlo begarisagan, amasTanave
usamarTlo begarisagan unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen `glaxakebi~, e.i. dabali
fenis gaWirvebuli mosaxleoba da amave dros saxelmwifos Sesabamisad
`gulismodgined Seekazma~ e.i. unda Seemko eklesiebi. mefes krebis am
dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad gamoucia Sesabamisi sigeli. paragrafSi
uaryofilia aqamde gavrcelebuli mosazreba, TiTqosda demnas ajanyebiT
isargebles saeklesio pirebma, moiwvies saeklesio kreba da gasaWirSi myofi
mefe aiZules `usamarTlo begarisagan~ eklesiebi gaeTavisuflebina.
gamokvleulia mefisa da eklesiis urTierTdamokidebuleba, aRwerilia mefed
kurTxevis saeklesio wesi.
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185). taxtze asvlis Semdeg Tamar mefem
moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelsac afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosoTa
episkoposebi, monazvnebi da meudabnoeni eswrebodnen TeologebTan (`kacni
mecnierni sjulisa saRmrTosanni~) erTad. krebaze dasaswrebad sagangebod
CamoabrZanes ierusalimidan yofili kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe. iv.
javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad, krebam ganixila imJamindeli qarTlis
kaTalikosis miqaelis gadayenebis sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom kaTalikoss
gadauxvevia `wesTagan eklesiisiTa~ da kaTalikosobasTan erTad Tavis xelSi
auRia mwignobarTuxucesis saxeloc. mwignobarTuxucesobasTan erTad miiTvisa
Wyondideloba da mawyvereloba. erTi SexedviT es saeklesio Tanamdebobebia,
magram im droisaTvis radganac mwignobarTuxucesi amave dros `vazirTa
upirvelesi~ iyo da `mefis mamad~ iwodeboda, anu mefes mis daukiTxavad
arafris gakeTebis ufleba ar hqonda, amitom sasuliero mwyemsmTavris xelSi
ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero xelisuflebis mTelma sadaveebma
moiyara Tavi. miqaeli saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis namdvil saWeT-mpyroblad
iqca. paragrafSi ganxilulia Tu rogor aiRes msoflio eklesiis zogierT
nawilSi pirvel aTaswleulSi (kerZod dasavleT evropasa da somxeTSi)
saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis sadaveebi eklesiis ierarqebma Tavis xelSi.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom e.w. umefobis xanaSi - VI-VII saukuneebSi,
dapyrobaTa Sedegad Seqmnil sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi warmoCenili qaosis
gamo kanonierebisa da wesrigis kerebad gadaiqcnen qarTuli saepiskoposebi,
moipoves avtoriteti samarTalsa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi, ris
Sedegadac saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi saero sammarTvelo uflebac
moipoves (kaxeTis saqorepiskoposoSi, qorepiskoposTa xanis pirvel periodSi,
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, svaneTSi, qorepiskoposTa institutis
meSveobiT, samcxeSi (giorgi Suartyelis mTavarepiskoposis xanaSi), Cans aseve
moxda dasavleT saqarTveloSic rogorc Wyondidis kaTedris Seqmnamde, ise
mis Semdegac), risi samarTlebrivi asaxva unda yofiliyo daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis mier mTavrobis marTva. xelmwifis karze
oTx monazons (or kaTalikossa, mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelsa da moZRvarT-
moZRvars) Soris Zalaufleba ganawilebuli iyo. roca Tamaris dros miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi gaerTianda Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba,
aRmoCnda, rom misi udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi Zalaufleba mefis avtoritets
CrdilSi aqcevda. es gansaxilvel krebas miuCnevia saeklesio wesis darRvevad
da ucdia kidec miqaelis gadayeneba an misTvis Zalauflebis CamorTmeva,
magram krebam es ver SeZlo. wyaros cnobiT, amave krebam ganixila
TamarisaTvis saqmros SerCevis sakiTxic.
12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris karze (kamaTi
monofizitebTan). bizantiasTan saukunovani brZolis gamo arabebi ebrZodnen
qalkedonitobas anu bizantiur sarwmunoebas da mxars uWerdnen
monofizitobas. VII-X saukuneebSi arabTa mpyrobelobis dros Tbilisis
saamirosa da qvemo qarTlSi, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi
(aRniSnulis gamo) gaZlierda somxuri eklesia, romelmac SeZlo mkvidr
qarTvelTa somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqceva. saqarTvelos erTiani
saxelmwifos warmoqmnis, gansakuTrebiT ki mas Semdeg, rac daviT
aRmaSenebelma Tavis saxelmwifos SemouerTa eTnikurad qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebuli taSir-Zorakertis e.w. `somexTa samefo~ da samxreT kavkasiaSi
mdebare mxareebi saqarTvelos xelmwifis karze drodadro imarTeboda
saeklesi Sekreba-disputebi somex da qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris. erTi
aseTi Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis karze, romelSic monawileobdnen arsen
iyalToeli da TviT mefe daviT aRmaSebnebeli. msgavsi kreba gaimarTa Tamar
mefis karzec. aq erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen sarwmunoebrivi niSniT or dasad
gayofili saxelmwifos umaRlesi moxeleebi. paeqroba sarwmunoebriv
momentebTan erTad Seicavda politikurs da gamoxatuleba iyo Tamaris samefo
karze saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobisa `oTx monazonTa~ da
mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikos-
Wyondidelsa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris. am dros e.w. `Zalovani
institutebi~ monofizitTa xelSi aRmoCnda - kerZod, mandaturTuxucesoba
`karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad mxargrZelTa (`SanSeTa saxlis~) xelSi iyo, aseve
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo, Tu amirspasalarobas ar
CavTvliT, es paeqrobac zaqaria mxargrZelsa da qarTlis kaTalikoss ioanes
Soris winaaRmdegobam gamoiwvia.
13. anisis Sekreba (1218). somxeTis Zvel dedaqalaq anisSi saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda mravali eklesia, qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli ise mravlad cxovrobda somxeTis mraval kuTxesa da qalaqSi, rom aq
qarTuli saepiskoposoebic arsebobdnen. erTi axali qarTuli eklesiis
sakurTxevlad q. anisSi CabrZanda saqarTvelos patriarqi etifane, romelmac
gaarkvia sasuliero pirebsa da qarTvel mrevls Soris sadavo sakiTxi anel
xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb. man krebis vrceli dadgenileba anisis
eklesiis kedelze amokveTa. Cvens mecnierebSi miRebulia mosazreba, rom
somxeTSi mcxovrebi mrevli qarTuli eklesiisa TiTqosda eTnikuri somxebi
iyvnen da maT `qarTvelebs~ uwodebdnen sarwmunoebrivi niSniT,
qalkedonitobis gamo. paragrafSi dasabuTebulia aseTi mosazrebis
aramarTebuloba, ganmartebulia Tu ratom cxovrobdnen somxeTis Crdilo
olqebsa da did qalaqebSi eTnikuri qarTvelebi, mrevli saqarTvelos
eklesiisa.
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi). XIII s. 40-ian wlebSi
Sedga kreba, romelmac gamosca ganCineba SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb.
paragrafSi ganxilulia, rom SiomRvimis monasteri mxolod sameurneo mxriv
iyo damoukidebeli qarTlis sakaTalikososagan, sulierad ki mas marTavda
saqarTvelos eklesiis ierarqi mwignobarTuxucesi (aRniSnul wlebSi bediel-
alaverdeli episkoposi svimoni) monastris mamasaxlisTan erTad (aseTi kvleva
saWiroa, radganac arcTu didi xnis win XX s-90-ian wlebSi sakiTxSi
Cauxedavobis gamo imJamad SiomRvimis monastris berTa erTma jgufma
sapatriarqosagan monastris sruli damoukidebloba moiTxova, aRniSnuli
krebis mier gamocemul sabuTze `dayrdnobiT~).
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263). monRolTa batonobis dros daviT laSas
Zis (ulu daviTis) mefobisas mcxeTaSi Semdara saeklesio kreba, romelsac
dadgenileba gamoutania sam sakiTxze, pirveli iyo saeklesio mamulebis
sakiTxi, meore Seexeboda eklesiis mier `dakrulvili~ piris, mesame ki
sasuliero pirTa pativiscemiT mopyrobis sakiTxs.
mtris batonobisas mefes unebebia saeklesio mamulebis gasxviseba. aseTi
qmedeba krebis mier mkacrad iqna dagmobili. qarTuli samarTlis wesis
Sesabamisad eklesiis mier Serisxul `dakrulvil~ pirs saxelmwifos mier
qoneba unda CamorTmeoda da aseve `laSqarSi ar unda SeeSvaT~, e.i. samxedro
wodebidanac unda gaericxaT. es wesi monRolTa batonobisas darRveula.
damrRvevelni yofilan `vazirni~, `vaziri~. Cvens mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom es `vaziri~ unda yofiliyo basili mwignobarTuxucesi –
ujarmel-Wyondideli. naSromSi ganxilulia urTierTdamokidebuleba
saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli `oTx monazonTa~ jgufsa da mxargrZelTa
jgufs Soris (mxargrZelTa jgufSi Sedioda vezirebi: amirspasalari,
mandaturTuxucesi, amilaxori da meabjreTuxucesi). am ukanasknelT
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad ekuTvnodaT `laSqarSi ar SeSvebis~ da
`mamulis gacemis~ ufleba, amitomac krebis ganCineba exeba ara basili
Wyondidels, aramed mxargrZel vezirebs, romelTanac dapirispirebuli iyo
`oTx-monazonTa~ jgufi.
16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453). paragrafSi ganxilulia sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis ucxo iyo sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba.
saqarTvelos erTiani daxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelosa da
mesxeTSi warmoSobili miswrafeba eklesiuri gankerZoebisa, unda CaiTvalos
ara sarwmunoebriv, aramed saeklesio-administraciuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxad.
mesxeTSi warmoSobili saeklesio separatizmi mahmadianuri agresiis gamo
safrTxes uqmnida mesxeTis qristianebis sulier simtkices. saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqebi mTeli saukune iRwodnen eklesiis gamTlianebisaTvis.
erTi aseTi iyo daviT III – qarTlis kaTalikosi, is 1453 wels Casula mesxeTSi
da krebis ZaliT dausjia uRirsi episkoposebi, romelnic ucxoel
mRvdelmTavarTa waqezebiT cdilobdnen dedaeklesiisagan administraciul
ganSorebas.
17. samTavisis saeklesio kreba. 1459 wels samTavisis saepiskoposo centrSi
Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daamtkica samTavisis saepiskoposos
`dramisa da Sesavlis wigni~. wigni warmoadgens kanonebis krebuls da exeba
samwysos gadasaxads sxvadasxva sarwmunoebriv da sayofacxovrebo momentTan
dakavSirebiT. am krebas ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed saero xelisufalnic
eswrebodnen, romelTac miiRes samarTlis `wignis~ muxlebi (muxlebi
ganxilulia naSromSi). aqedan Cans, rom Tu romelime saerisTavoSi tardeboda
saeklesio kreba, masSi Sesabamisi saero xelisufalnic monawileobdnen, Tu
samTavroSi – Sesabamis samTavro xelisufleba, Tu saxelmwifos centrSi –
saxelmwifo xelisufalni.
18. svaneTis `saeklesio krebebi~ (XIII-XVIII s.s.) Cvenamde moRweulia Zegli,
romelsac `matiane svaneTisa krebisaБ~ ewodeba. faqtobrivad masSi
warmodgenilia am pirTa sia, romelTagan umravlesi gardacvlili iyo da
sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobda. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos mTianeTSi
qristianuli eklesia Zlier Zalas warmoadgenda, svaneTis saeklesio
saqmianobas adgilobrivi qorepiskoposni, mamasaxlisni da moZRvarni
warmarTavdnen. eklesias aq hyavda Tavisi meWurWle, molareTuxucesi, medroSe,
jvris mtvirTveli da sxva moxeleni. svaneTis qorepiskoposni colosanni
iyvnen (viTarc Zveli drois episkoposebi). isini isxdnen mestiaSi, laSxeTSi,
svaneTis `mTiuleTSi~ (zeda qalaqs). eqvemdebarebodnen caiSel da cagerel
episkoposebs.
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, solomon I-is, Teimuraz II-isa da
erekle II-is karze (XVIII s). paragrafSi ganxilulia XVIII s-Si Semdgari
mimdinare, SedarebiT naklebi mniSvnelobis mqone krebebi, mowveulni 1705, 1712,
1616-1617, 1742, 1744, 1748, 1755-56, 1762, 1764, 1765, 1768 da 1779 wlebSi.
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba. zogierTi istorikosi am krebas
`gorisas~ uwodebs. 1755-1756 wlebSi Sedga saeklesio krebebi, romelTac
ganixiles anton I kaTalikosis e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ saqme da is Camoagdes
sapatriarqo taxtidan. krebebma gamosca saTanado aqtebi, romelnic Tan
erTvis paragrafs. ruseTSi wmida sinodis winaSe warmdgarma antonma
daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, risTvisac miiRo rusuli
saepiskoposo kaTedra, Semdeg ki ruseTis wmida sinodis wevris wodeba.
ruseTSi antoni amtkicebda, rom mas cili daswama mefe Teimuraz II-m, romelic
vaxtang VI-is da ieses mefis STamomavalTa mier miiCneoda qarTlis ukanono
mefed, qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred maT aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze da
anton kaTalikosi miaCndaT. amiT xsnidnen isini im faqts, rom qarTlis
taxtis kanonieri memkvidreobis gamo SeSfoTebulma Teimuraz II-m anton I
moiSora viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdege da is saqarTvelodan gaaZeva. ase
xedavdnen am movlenas vaxuSti batoniSvili, mari brose, d.CubinaSvili,
a.cagareli da sxva mecnierebi. es krebebi krebis monawile ierarqTa sityviT,
gaimarTa `sabrZanabelsa Sina CvenTa~ (1755 wlis 16 dekembris ganCinebis I aqti).
saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero ierarqTa sabrZanebeli iyo mefis karze (e.i.
TbilisSi) da Zvel saeklesio dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi.
21. 1764 wlis krebis ganCineba. krebas eswrebodnen mefe erekle,
mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli qristefore,
mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi, rusTveli iosebi.
krebam kvlav ganixila anton kaTalikosis sakiTxi. yovelgvari sabuTebisa da
faqtebis moZiebis Semdeg cxadi Seiqmna, rom wina 1755-1756 wlis kreba
SecdomaSi Seiyvanes dainteresebulma pirebma da anton kaTalikosis mimarT
gamotanili braldeba misi gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb ciliswameba iyo. krebam
gamoikvlia, rom wina krebebi SecdomaSi Seiyvana mRvdelma zaqaria gabaSvilma
da misma Svilma iosebma. krebam sastikad dasaja cilismwameblebi, mTlianad
gaamarTla anton kaTalikosi, miT umetes, rom ruseTis wmida sinodmac
ganixila es sakiTxi, romelmac antoni mTlianad gaamarTla da vladimiris
arqiepiskoposis pativic uboZa. axla, mefe ereklesa da samefo ojaxis
moTxovniT, saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli antoni mTlianad gamarTlebuli iqna
krebis dadgenilebiT.

ZiriTadi daskvna:
saeklesio (rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise mimdinare) krebaTa analizi,
romelic saeklesio samarTlis aqtebis ganxilvas eyrdnoba. gviCvenebs, rom
CamoyalibebisTanave saqarTvelos eklesia iyo ucxo eklesiebisagan
TavisTavadi saeklesio erTeuli. IV-sdanve saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda saero
da sasuliero Zalauflebis mTlianoba. amis gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT
`moqcevaБ qarTlisaБs~ cnoba, rom mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori
`erisTavadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~449 (arseni
safarelis cnobiT aseTive uflebebi moipova amave sparsTa mpyrobelobis
xanaSi somxurma eklesiamac). arabobis dros qveynis periferiebSi Seqmnili
samarTlebrivi qaosis dros, roca arabul xelisuflebas saqarTvelos
zogierT regionze xeli nawilobriv miuwvdeboda, xolo adgilobrivi
xelisufleba sabolood ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiam
SeZlo saero-samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis Tavis xelSi moqceva, am drois kanoniT
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (bagrat
kurapalatis samarTlis 102 muxli), am viTarebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli
kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo xelisuflebis Tavdapirveli sasuliero-saero
xasiaTi, samcxis mTavarepiskopos giorgi Suartylelis mier aseve saero-
sasuliero xelisuflebis Tavis xelSi aReba, svaneTisa da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTis qorepiskoposebis (episkoposTa warmomadgenlebis) mier
aseve saero-sasuliero xelisuflebis gaTaviseba, SesaZloa aseve
sasulierosTan erTad didi saero Zalaufleba hqondaT afxazTa samefoSi
Wyondidel episkosebs, romelTac jer kidev saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde
bizantieli imperatorebi sapatio titulebs (`svingelozi~ protoupertimosi)
urigebdnen. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg eklesiis aRniSulma
mdgomareobam asaxva saero mmarTvelobazec hpova. ueWveli magaliTia
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis mosvla qveynis mmarTvelobis sadaveebTan, rac
gamowvlilviTaa naSromSi ganxiluli. saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobis gamomxatvelia Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebaTa mowvevis saxe,
rogorc wesi (naSromSi amis uamravi magaliTia moyvanili) saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros ukve warmoadgenda
saeklesio krebas da gamohqonda kidec saeklesio kanonebi. radganac
Cveulebisamebr saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma xelmwifis karze imarTeboda,
amitomac `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,
viTarc kanonisa ucTomelsa, yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa, keTil
wesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~450.
mematianes es sityvebi Cveni kvleviT dasturdeba. mravali krebis
ganxilvis Semdeg mivediT imave daskvnamde, rom saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis mTlianoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi am uCveulo faqtisa.

ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ ГРУЗИИ

(ТЕКУШИЕ СОБОРЫ)

Основные выводы
Рассмотрения церковных правовых актов показал, что с момента основания грузинская
церковь представляла собой самобытную церковную единицу. С IV века в Грузии было создано
единство гражданской и церковной власти. Подтверждением этому служит информация из
“Мокцевай Картлисай” (moqcevaБ qarTlisaБ) о том, что Архиепископ Глонокор Мцхетский
был «И ериставом в Картли и в Албаний451. По сведениям Арсена Сапарели, такие же права во
время персидского завоевания получила и армянская церковь. VII-IX вв в период
законодательного хаоса, царившего на перифериях, когда арабскому правлению были
недоступны некоторые регионы Грузии, а местная власть еще не была окончательно
сформирована, грузинская церковь сумела взять в свои руки церковно-гражданскую
юрисдикцию. По законам этого времени “Вторым царем является епсикоп, утверждающий
христианскую веру” (102 статья Права Баграта Курапалата). Именно этим и должен объясняться
первоночальный церковно-гражданский характер власти Хорепископосов Кахетии, а также
получение гражданско-церковной власти Архиепископом Самцхе Георгием Шуартклели IX-X
вв-ах. Такиеже гражданско-церковную власть имели хорепископы Сванетии и в горных
регионах Восточной Грузии. Возможно, что большой гражданской властью, помимо духовной,
обладали в Абхазском царстве Чкондидские епископы, которые еще до объединения Грузии
получали от Византийских императоров почетные титулы. После объединения Грузии
вышеуказанное отразилось и на государственное правление. Достоверным примером является
то, что с XII в епископ Мцигнобартухуцеси-Чкондидели пришел к управлению страной, что
подробно рассмотрено в труде. Единство церковной и государственной власти подтверждается
и формой созыва церковных соборов в тогдашней Грузии. Как правило, заседание
государственной дарбази при рассмотрении церковных вопросов трансформировался в
церковный соборь и утверждало постоновление Церковного характера (в труде приведены
многие прмеры этого)452.
Данные летописцев о целостности гражданско-церковной власти в Грузии подтверждаются и
нашим исследованием.

Metropolitan Anania Japaridze

CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
Basic Conclusion
An analysis of Church Synods (Both Legislative and current ones) based upon reviewing the
Church Laws illustrates that the Georgian Church from the very beginning of its formation was a
singled-out church unit, independent from other churches. Since the IV century a process of integration
of the church and the state (civil) power has started. This fact is well-illustrated in “Moktsevai
Kartlisai”, that says that the head bishop Glonikor is Mtskheta was considered to be Eristavi of Kartli
and Hereti region (the highest State person). According to Arsen Sapareli, in the times of governance of
Persian, the same right were granted to the Church of Armenia Within the period of legal chaos of
governance of Arabs, who controlled only partially some regions of Georgia and Georgian State Power
has not been yet formed completely, the Georgian Church enabled to subordinate under its jurisdiction
both the civil and the church powers. According to ecclesiastical laws of that time, the bishop was
considered a “Second King and a creator of the Christian legal norms” (see Article 102 of the Legal
Code of Bagrat Kurapalati). Perhaps, this factor caused an integrated civil-and-church nature of powers
of Kakheti cor-episkopian unit, subordination of civil-and-church powers by Head Bishop of Samtskhe
Giorgi Shuartklerli and by cor-bishops (representatives of the Bishop) of Svaneti and mountainous
regions of the Eastern Georgia under their jurisdiction. We think that the same rights were granted to
the bishops of Chkondidi in Abkhaseti, to whom the Byzantian Emperor has granted various titles of
honor (“Svingeloz”, Protoupertimoc”) until Georgia’s unification. Since the times Georgia has become
an unifed state, the above mentioned situation of the Church reflected also on the state (civil)
governance. One of the clear examples is fact that Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli has become a
leader of the State Power. This fact is analyzed in details in the given Work. A fact of integration of the
church and civil powers is a type of conversation of church synods in Ancient Georgia. As a rule (there
are Large number of examples in the Work in this regards) the State “Darbazi” (council) when
considering the church-related matters was transformed into the Church Synod and adopted the church
canons. Sittings of the “Darbazi” were held in Kingg’s Palace and all the laws adopted were considered
as “… the highest legislative norms” (according to “Kartlis Tskhovreb”).
There words of an annalist are confirmed by our surveys, as well. As a result of a an analysis of
number of church synods we came to conclusion that a main reason of this unusual fact was an until of
civil and church powers.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

msoflio saeklesio krebebi

qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT

Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi pirvelad qveyndeba erTiani monografiis

saxiT gamokvleva qarTveli episkoposebis monawileobis Sesaxeb wmida
msoflio saeklesio krebebSi.
qarTveli episkoposebi monawileobdnen wmida krebaTa samarTlis
SemuSavebaSi da msoflio saeklesio kanonebs acnobdnen Tavis mrevls, rac
safuZvels warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis
siwmidisa.

redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
 istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe

© anania jafariZe, 2003

1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msoflio saeklesio krebaze (325 w.)

nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda ori episkoposi qarTvelTa istoriuli

miwa-wylidan. eseni iyvnen biWvinTeli episkoposi stratofile da
trapezunteli episkoposi domne (domnusi). marTalia, ucnobia, iyvnen Tu ara
isini eTnikuri qarTvelebi, magram evsevi kesarieli, piradi xelismomweri
pirveli msoflio krebis dadgenilebisa da wodebuli `saeklesio istoriis
mamad~, Tavis TxzulebaSi amtkicebda, rom Savi zRvis sanapiro, sadac
biWvinTisa da trapezuntis saepiskoposoebi iyvnen ganlagebulni, qarTvelebiT
anu iberebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. evsevi Tavis `qronikebSi~ werda qarTvelTa
Savi zRvis aRniSnul sanapiroze cxovrebis Sesaxeb: `nabuqodonosorma,
romelic herakleze ufro Zlieri iyo, mas Semdeg, rac saomari jari Sekriba,
miaRwia libielTa qveyanaSi da iberTa qveyanaSi, ajoba maT, gaacamtvera da
daimorCila. erTi wili maTgani gadaasaxla man pontos zRvis marjvena
mxareze da iq daasaxla~5
pontos `zRvis marjvena mxare~ iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviT dasaxlebuli
iyo qarTveli tomebiT. `am teritoriaze batonobda qarTuli ena da misi
dialeqtebi - svanuri, megruli da lazuri~.
s. yauxCiSvili wers: `uaRresi mniSvnelobisaa nikeis krebaze biWvintis
ekiskoposis monawileoba istoriuli TvalsazrisiT. faqti biWvintis
episkoposis monawileobisa pirvel msoflio krebaze uTuod mowmobs im
garemoebas, rom 325 wlisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romlis erT-erTi
ekonomiuri da kulturuli centri iyo biWvinta, imdenad Zlieri yofila
qristianuli organizacia, rom mas saepiskoposo kaTedrac moepoveboda da
misi warmomadgeneli msoflio krebazec iqna miwveuli... cxadia, rom nikeis
saeklesio krebaze miwveuli iyvnen mniSvnelovani saeklesio centrebis
moZRvarni. ase rom, rodesac Cven nikeis mamaTa siaSi vkiTxulobT, rom pirvel
saeklesio krebas daeswrnen trapezuntis episkoposi domnusi da biWvinTis
episkoposi stratofileo, es imas niSnavs, rom trapezunti da biWvinTa
aerTianebdnen msxvil saqristiano organizaciebs. axla sakiTxavia, visi iyo es
organizacia, magaliTad, biWvinTis qristianebisa? iyo es mxolod da mxolod
berZenTa organizacia Tu saerTod biWvinTis mcxovrebTa organizacia? Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT istoriul perspeqtivas, moklebuli iqneba sakiTxis ase
dayeneba, TiTqos biWvinTaSi mcxovrebi berZnebi iseTi maRali kedliT iyvnen
gamijnuli am raionis danarCeni mosaxleobisagan (e.i. mosaxleobis
umravlesobisagan), rom berZnul koloniaSi Seiqmna mZlavri qristianuli
organizacia da es axali ideologia ucnobi darCa biWvinTis araberZnuli (e.i.
adgilobrivi) mosaxleobisaTvis. meoTxe saukuneSi biWvinTis adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba ziarebuli rom ar yofiliyo qristianul moZRvrebas, gana
SesaZlebeli iqneboda naxevari saukunis an cota metis Semdeg iq agebuliyo
adgilobrivi mcxovrebis moTaveobiT taZari, Semkuli mozaikuri warweriT,
romelSic qtitorad ixsenieba qarTveli warCinebuli, vinme `oreli~? amgvarad
ar aris saeWvod misaCnevi is uryevi debuleba, rom trapezuntisa da biWvinTis
episkoposebi, romelnic 325 wels pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebas
daeswrnen nikeaSi, mxolod berZnul mosaxleobas ki ar warmoadgendnen,
aramed mTel mosaxleobas, rogorc berZnuls, ise adgilobriv mkvidr
mosaxleobas~6.
romis wmida imperatorma konstantine I didma (306-337), sanam 325 wlidan
romis imperiis erTpirovnuli mbrZanebeli gaxdeboda, 313 wels Tavis
mokavSire avgustus liciniusTan erTad q. mediolanumSi (milanSi) gamosca
ediqti qristianobis uflebamosil religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. Sewyda
qristianTa saSineli devna. konstantinem safuZveli daudo imperiis axali
dedaqalaqis mSeneblobas, romelic daarsda kidec 330 wels da
konstantinopoli ewoda. am axali sataxto qalaqis daarsebamde, 325 wels,
konstantine didma qalaq nikeaSi moiwvia I msoflio saeklesio kreba.
msoflio kreba warmoadgens wmida eklesiis umaRles xelisuflebas
dedamiwaze, ganxorcielebuls suliwmidis xelmZRvanelobiT. pirvel msoflio
krebaze ganxilul iqna im droisaTvis yvelaze mwvave saeklesio sakiTxi.
aleqsandrieli mRvdeli ariozi uaryofda qristes RvTaebriobas, amtkicebda,
ieso qriste mxolod umaRlesi qmnilebaao. am cruswavlebam moicva imperiis
mravali regioni. wmida krebam daadgina, rom `ieso qriste Ze RvTisaa,
Tanaarsi mamisa~, igi aris ara qmnileba, aramed `mamisaganaa Sobili uwinares
yovelTa saukuneTa~ - `Sobili da ara qmnili~.
nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda 318 episkoposi. im dros diakonma
aTanase didma da wmida nikoloz saswaulTmoqmedma didad amxiles ariozi,
romelic krebam mwvaleblad gamoacxada da eklesiisagan gankveTa.
krebaze SemuSavda sarwmunoebis simbolo (kredo) mokle redaqciiT. neba
darTes mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs colis yolisa da sxv.
krebas mTeli maSindeli saqristiano msoflios warmomadgenlebi
daeswrnen, maT Soris, rogorc iTqva, `qarTveli episkoposebi~ stratofile
biWvinTeli da domnus trapezunteli. krebis monawileTa siebi 6 enazea
moRweuli, romelTaganac Cans, rom romis imperiaSi moqceul saqarTvelos
aRniSnul kuTxeTa (biWvinTisa da trapezuntis) episkoposebi Sediodnen
polimenos pontos eparqiaSi.
I msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposTagan sokrate, sozomeni da sxva
istorikosebi CamoTvlian Semdeg mniSvnelovan pirebs: osia kordubels
(espaneTidan), aleqsandre aleqsandriel episkoposs, evstaTi antioqiel
episkoposs, leonti kesaria kappadokiel episkoposs, makari ierusalimel
episkoposs, nikoloz mironlukiel episkoposs; spiridon trimiTuntel
episkoposs, iakob nizibiel episkoposs, pafnuti zemo Tebaidel episkoposs,
pavle neokesariel episkoposs, ioane sparsels; Teona kizikel episkoposs;
aleqsandre solunel episkoposs; nunexi laodikiel episkoposs, protogen
sardikiel episkoposs, cecilian karTagenel episkoposs, pisti
markianopolel episkoposs, ipati gangrel episkoposs; garpokration
kinopolel episkoposs; presviterTagan: biton da bikenti romael
presviterebs, aramarTlmadidebeli episkoposebi: evstevi nikomidieli,
Teogniste nikeeli, maris qalkedoneli, Teona marmarikeli; sekundi
ptolemaideli, menofante efeseli; patrofil skviTopoleli; narkis
neronieli7.
qalaqi gangra mcire aziaSi mdebareobda, aqedan iyo ipati gangreli
episkoposi da ara saqarTvelodan, rogorc miiCnevs zogierTi qarTveli
istorikosi.

2. qarTveli episkoposi II msoflio krebaze (381 w.)

meore msoflio krebis kanonebs qarTvelma episkoposma pantofilem

moawera xeli. Cvenamde moRweulia II msoflio anu rogorc mas xSirad
uwodeben `konstantinopolis pirveli~ krebis xelismomwer 150 episkoposTa
sia, maT Sorisaa `ponto amisiis olqidan pantofile iberieli~8. zogierT
xelnawerSi pantofiles nacvlad weria `ponsife iberieli~ an `pasifil
iberieli~. am krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi qalaqebis saxelwodebebis
mixedviT moixsenebian, magaliTad, pantofiles momdevno xelismomweri
episkoposi - `martiri markianopoleli~, amitom, erTi SexedviT pantofile
iberieli TiTqosda ponto-amisiis olqSi mdebare im qalaqidanaa, romelsac
`iberia~ erqva, magram `iberieli~, am SemTxvevaSi eTnikuri kuTvnilebis
Sesaxeb unda miuTiTebdes. Sesadareblad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pirveli
msoflio krebis kanonebs xeli moawera episkoposma aseve eTnikuri
kuTvnilebis mixedviT, es iyo – ioane sparsi (sparseli). rogorc Cans,
berZnul-romauli kulturuli msoflios gareT mcxovreb xalxTa
episkoposebs zogjer eTnikuri saxelebiT moixseniebdnen. iberebi anu
qarTvelebi aRniSnul dros cxovrobdnen mTel aRmosavleT
SavizRvispireTSi. iberebi, cxadia, cxovrobdnen ponto amisiis olqSic.
iberielTa (maT Soris igulisxmeboda yvela qarTveli tomi, svanebi da
lazebic) zRvispireTis vrcel arealze cxovrebas imiT xsnidnen eklesiis
Zveli mamebi, rom maT miiCnevdnen nabuqodonosoris dros samxreTis
iberiidan (Cans, mcire aziis samxreT-dasavleT nawilidan lidiidan
(libiidan) da Zveli iberiidan) CrdiloeTSi gadasaxlebulad (Cans es iyo
`moqcevai qarTlisais~ qveyana `arian-qarTli~), amitom iyo
xmelTaSuazRvispireTidan Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiromde uvrcelesi
regionebi dasaxlebuli qarTvelTa jgufebiT. maTgan iyo pantofile
iberieli Tu saqarTvelodan (politikuri iberiidan), CvenTvis ucnobia. amis
Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqondaT XX s-is qarTvel mTvdelmTavrebs.
saqarTvelos eklesias XX saukunis 20-70-ian wlebSi marTavdnen
istorikosi mRvdelmTavrebi. maT mier mowodebuli cnobiT meore msoflio
saeklesio krebaze monawileobas iRebda saqarTvelos eklesiis
warmomadgeneli. saqarTvelos eklesiis oficialuri organo msoflio
krebaTa ganxilvisas wers: `me-2 msoflio saeklesio krebaze monawileobas
iRebda saqarTvelos (iberiis) eklesiis warmomadgeneli episkoposi
pantofile9. 381 wels konsntantinopolSi mowveuli msoflio kreba
mniSvnelovani iyo mcire adgilobrivi eklesiebisaTvis imiT, rom igi Tavisi
me-2 kanoniT icavda maT TavisTavadobas: TiToeul saeklesio samTavros (e.i.
saeklesio erTeulis momcvel politikur-administraciuli teritorias)
ganagebs amave samTavros saeklesio kreba nikeaSi gansazRruli kanonis
Tanaxmad, xolo `warmarTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~10.
II msoflio krebis II kanoni balsamons miaCnda misi drois eklesiebis
avtokefalobis kanonikur safuZvlad11.
aRniSnuli muxli, balsamonis azriT, uflebas aZlevs saxelmwifos
sazRvrebis SigniT arsebul eklesias iyos TviTmwyemsi, anu imarTebodes
adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis mier.
II msoflio krebis me-2 muxlis mixedviT, meoTxe saukuneSi imperiis
gareT mcxovreb xalxTa eklesiebi, imarTeboda `mamaTa mier dawesebuli
Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~. cxadia, 381 wlis msoflio krebisaTvis am mxriv,
yvelaze avtoritetuli unda yofiliyo mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxli,
romelSic naTqvamia: `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris
pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon mis
gareSe~12. erTi aseTi iyo qristiani qarTveli xalxi, miT umetes, rom mas
hqonda Tavisi saxelmwifo, romlis eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli
ZvelTaganve aris I da II krebaTa mier damtkicebuli pirvelqristianuli
Temebis (SemdegSi saeklesio erTeulebis) TavisTavadoba.

3. qarTveli episkoposi me-3 msoflio

krebaze (431 w.)

431 wels efesoSi Catarda me-3 msoflio saeklesio kreba, rogorc

miiCneven am krebis momzadebaSi monawileoba miuRia egreT wodebuli
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposs ieremias13. am krebis masalebSi
moxseniebuli qarTveli episkoposi ieremia, rogorc mas uwodeben, `iberieli
ieremia~ yofila nestorianelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZoli da V saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi gaafTrebiT ibrZoda nestorianelTa doqtrinis winaaRmdeg)14.
wmida grigol feraZis cnobiT, konstantinopolSi yofila `didaqes~, anu `12
mociqulTa moZRvrebis~ kanonikuri mwerlobis erT-erTi adrindeli Zeglis
_ Targmani, gadaRebuli 1923 wels, vinme feiqriSvilis mier. feraZis azriT,
igi gadaTargmnilia berZnulidan qarTul enaze V saukuneSi, ieremia
iberielis mier. es ieremia Tavis Tavs ase uwodebs: `ieremia urhaeli
qarTveli marTlmadidebeli, yaribobis gamo Tavisianebsa da samSoblos
daSorebuli~15. k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, rom didaqes aseTi Targmani ar
arsebobda da ieremia urhaeli ar yofila da arc umoRvawia urhaSi16.
k.kekeliZis azriT `didaqe~ axal droSia Targmnili, SesaZloa mas Semdegac,
rac filoTeos brieniosma aRmoaCina misi teqsti17. nestorianebs, romelnic
daamarcxa III msoflio krebam, didad ebrZoda qarTuli eklesia. am
brZolaSi gamoirCeodnen qarTveli mamebi, imdenad moSureni nestoris
wvalebis aRmosafxvrelad, rom zogierT maTgans, Cans, ver SeugrZvnia
 sidiade qalkedonis krebisa da es didi kreba qalkedonisa nestorisadmi
daTmobad miuCneviaT. am moSurne qarTvelTa saxelebi da Sromebi Semdgom
ganadgurda. III kreba CvenTvis imiTacaa aRsaniSnavi, rom man me-8 muxliT
daicva patara kviprosis avtokefalia.
Tu qarTlis samefo V s-is pirvel naxevarSi orad iyo gayofili,
dasaSvebia yofiliyo qarTlis _ `sparsuli~ da `berZnuli~ nawilebis
eklesiebi. SeiZleba isini gaaerTiana vaxtang gorgasalma da `sparsul
qarTlSi~ dainiSna cnobili axali 12 episkoposi. savaraudod sparsul
qarTlSi Sedioda teritoria armazidan _ qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeT-hereTis
CaTvliT, xolo berZnulSi _ mcxeTa (samTavro) da dasavleT saqarTvelo.
SesaZloa, swored am `sparsuli iberiidan~ iyo warmoSobiT ieremia,
romelic me-3 msoflio krebis muSaobaSi monawileobda, da im droisaTvis
igi q.urhaSi iyo gadasuli samoRvaweod.

4. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi IV msoflio krebaze (451 w.)

qalkedonSi Semdgari 451 wlis IV msoflio krebas, udidesi mniSvnelobis

mqones msoflio eklesiisaTvis, qarTul wyaroTa mtkicebiT imTaviTve dauWira
mxari saqarTvelos eklesiam, gansakuTrebiT ki VI s. Suidan, rac imperator
zenonis `henotikonma~ Tavisi Tavi amowura. zogierTi cnobiT qalkedonis
krebis muSaobaSi `monawileoba miuRia sebastopolis (nikofsiis)
episkoposs~18.
nikofsia, Cvens winaprebs qarTvelTa qveynis ganuyofel nawilad miaCniaT,
rogorc es ganacxada wmida giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis sapatriarqo karze
gamarTul mRvdelmTavarTa Sekrebaze - `erTi wmida Tormet mociqulTagani,
simons vityvi kananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa damarxul ars - afxazeTs, romelsa
nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT~19.
nikofsiaSi mociqul simon kananelis saflavis Sesaxeb berZnuli
saeklesio wyaroebic miuTiTebdnen - `ars jiqeTs nikofsiaSi saflavi,
romelsa aqvs warwera simon kananelisa~20.
romeli xalxis qveyanaSi iyo dakrZaluli wmida mociquli simoni?
rogorc aRiniSna, mas giorgi mTawmideli `qveyanasa Cvensa - afxazeTs~
uwodebda.
antioqiis patriarqi giorgi mTawmidels uwodebda `naTesaviT qarTvels~.
`daRacaTu naTesaviT qarTveli xar, xolo swavlulebiTa da mecnierebiT
Cvenive swori xar~21.
maSasadame, giorgi mTawmideli afxazeTs `Cven qveyanas~ anu `qarTvelTa
qveyanas~ uwodebda. am qveyanas, sadac iqadages mociqulebma, qarTuli da
berZnuli saeklesio wyaroebi zogjer `qvemo iberias~, xolo Zveli rusuli
wyaroebi `dasavleT iverias~ uwodebdnen - $Gj crfpfyb. ktnjgbcwf- fgjcnjk
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biWvinTis arqeologiuri kvleviT dadginda, rom am qalaqSi qristianobas
uZlieresi safuZvlebi gaaCnda, amitomac miiRo kidec 325 wels I msoflio
krebis muSaobaSi misma episkoposma monawileoba, amitom imave regionidan IV
msoflio krebis Semzadeba-muSaobaSi episkoposis monawileoba daujereblad
ar migvaCnia. nikita paflagonieli (gard. 873 w.) pirdapir wers, rom wmida
mociqulma andream `iqadaga iverTa Soris~23. amasve acxadebda dabejiTebiT
wmida giorgi mTawmideli ori saukunis Semdeg antioqiis patriarqis winaSe.
IV msoflio krebis saqmianobisas episkoposTa jgufma mimarTviT mimarTa
imperators, am siaSi naxsenebia `pavle, presviteri, imerieli episkoposis
uraniosis moadgile~24, komentaris Tanaxmad sxva xelnawerSi am `imerielis~
nacvlad Cawerilia `iverieli~25 (imeria – qalaqs erqva anatoliaSi).
qalkedonis krebis xelismomwer episkoposTa Soris dasaxelebulia
`atarve trapezunteli~26. unda vifiqroT, rom am krebis suliskveTeba
Tavidanve iyo cnobili CvenSi.
maSasadame, qalkedonis krebas ori episkoposi eswreboda istoriuli
saqarTvelodan.

5. erTi cnoba V msoflio krebis (553 w.) muSaobaSi saqarTvelos episkoposis

monawileobis Sesaxeb

monawileobda Tu ara saqarTvelodan romelime episkoposi V msoflio

krebis muSaobaSi, dazustebuli ar aris, istorikosi b. diasamiZe miiCnevs, rom
Savi zRvispira qalaq petras episkoposi ioane monawileobda 553 wlis me-5
msoflio (konstantinopolis II) saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. misi TqmiT,
saqarTvelos kidev sami episkoposi awers xels am krebis dadgenilebas, maTgan
fazisisa da sebastopolisis warmomadgenlebic episkoposis xarisxSi arian
moxseniebuli27. Cveni azriT, es cnoba dasazustebelia, radganac piradad
gadavaTvaliereT V msoflio krebis xelismomwerTa sia, magram, samwuxarod,
aseTi xelismomwerebi masSi ver aRmovaCine, Tumca, SesaZloa, vcdebode. Cemi
TvalsazrisiT, mdinare klisuras aqeT mdebare dasavleT saqarTvelos
berZnuli saepiskoposoebi Tavisi namdvili saxiT daarsdnen mxolod herakle
keisris laSqrobis Semdeg, rac am imperatorma dasavleT saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi uSualod miuerTa bizantiis imperias, ramac ufleba misca
konstantinopols Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganexorcielebina masze. am mosazrebas
b. diasamiZe ar iziarebs28.
Cven gvaqvs bizantiis imperator iustinianes XXXI novela, romelSic
CamoTvlilia es da sxva qalaqebi. ai, ras wers maT Sesaxeb imperatori 535
wels Tavis moxeles - `pitiunti da sebastopolisi xom ufro cixe-
simagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidre qalaqebSi~29. rac Seexeba petras, igi
iustinianes dros qceula qalaqad, - igi wers, rom petras `CvengniT xvda
wilad qalaqi gamxdariyo~30. s. yauxCiSvili varaudobs, rom petra, SesaZloa
iqamde ukve iyo dasaxlebuli punqti da garkveuli savaWro centri, romelic
iustinianes dros cixe-simagred gadaiqca31. iustiniane aRniSnul novelaSi
CamoTvlis sxva zRvispira simagreebs (da ara qalaqebs), maT Soris,
arqeopolissa da rodopoliss, qalaqTa Soris saerTod ar asaxelebs faziss.
qalaqebis raodenoba, TviT iustinianes sitviT, bizantiis aRmosavleT Savi
zRvispira adgilebSi Zalze mcire iyo. aseve iyo TviT helenopontoSic ki,
romelic Seudareblad ufro iyo ganviTarebuli savaWro-ekonomikuri
TvalsazrisiT, vidre lazeTi da WaneTi. iustiniane wers orad gayofili
pontos qalaqebis Sesaxeb - `TiToeuli am qveynis qalaqebi rom daiTvalo,
Zlivs erTi eparqiisaTvis aRmoCndeba sakmarisi, marTlac helenopontoSi sul
rva qalaqia... xolo polemonis pontoSi Sedis xuTi sxva qalaqi (neokesaria,
komana, trapezunti, kerasunti da polemonioni. pitiunti da sebastopolisi
xom ufro cixe-simagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidre qalaqebSi), ase, rom TiToeuli
pontos Semadgenloba aseTia, maT Semdeg mdebareobs Cveni lazike, sadac aris
qalaqi petra, romelsac CvengniT xvda wilad qalaqi gamxdariyo da darqmeoda
da romelsac mieniWa Cveni uzenaesobis saxelic da ewoda iustiniane, Semdeg
arqeopolisi da rodopolisi, udidesi da Zveli simagreebi. aqve Sedis
agreTve Cvens mier sparselebisagan ukan CamorTmeuli simagreebi skandisi,
sarapanisi, muxurisi, lisisi da sxva ramec, rac ki lazeTSi SeviZineT, Semdeg
modis WanTa qveyana, mxolod axla, Cveni mefobis dros romaelTa mier
dapyrobili, masac aqvs ukve qalaqad qceuli adgilebi, momavalSic eqneba
sxvebi. am qveynis Semdeg damkvidrebuli arian sxva tomebic, svanebi, skvimnebi.
afsilebi, abazgebi da sxva, RvTis SewevniT, Cveni megobari tomebi, magram am
qveynebze laparakma Sors wagviyvana, daubrundeT isev pontoebs da maTi
gaerTianebis sakiTxs. amgvarad, orive am pontos, romelic xsenebul camet
qalaqs Seicaven, kvlav erT eparqiad vaerTianebT da vaniWebT maT Zvelis
erTianobas da axal saxelwodebas: helenoponto ewodos mas mTlianad~32.
maSasadame, helenopontoSi rva qalaqia, polemonis pontoSi ki xuTi, orive
ponto iustinianem erT samoqalaqo administraciul erTeulad e.w. eparqiad
gaaerTiana helenopontos saxelwodebiT. am pontoSi, kerZod ki polemonis
pontoSi Sedian cixe-simagreebi pitiunti da sebastopolisi. ponto –
bizantiis anu `romis~ imperiis ganuyofeli nawilia. sxvaa lazeTi da WaneTi.
lazeTic, Cans, ramdenime nawilad iyofa, maTgan erT-erTs iustiniane `Cvens
lazikes~ uwodebs (maSasadame, igi bizantielTa mieraa dapyrobili), masSi
Sedis axali qalaqi petra, agreTve `udidesi da Zveli simagrebi~ arqeopolisi
da rodopolisi. romaelTa (bizantielTa) mier axali dapyrobilia
(iustinianes dros) WanTa qveyana. am qveynis gareT cxovrobdnen tomebi
svanebisa, skvimnebisa, afsilebsa da abazgebisa.
mkvidri mosaxleoba ZiriTadad soflebSi cxovrobs. am soflebSi
mcxovrebi qristianebis mRvdelmTavars VI s. avtori prokofi kesarieli -
kaTolikoss uwodebs: - `qristianTa mRvdelmTavarsac kaTolikoss uwodeben
elinTa eniTa, radgan is erTi ganagebs yvela iqaur soflebs~33. prokofi
kesarieli am kaTalikoss axsenebs swored qalaq petras aRweris dros. ara
qalaqis mosaxleobis mRvdelmTavaria `kaTolikosi~, aramed `iqauri
soflebisa~. ratom? albaT imitom, rom zRvispira qalaqebi berZen romael
kolonistebs ekuTvnodaT, da ara adgilobriv mkvidr mosaxleobas. magaliTad
visi qalaqia fazisi? V s. anonimis sityviT, igi berZnebis, kerZod ki mileteli
kolonistebisaa - `fasisis marcxniT mdebareobs miletelTa elinuri qalaqi,
romelsac fazisi ewodeba~34. ara yvela qalaqia elinebis, aramed isini,
romelSic TviTonve kolonistobdnen, magaliTad, imave avtoris cnobiT
mdinare fazisze mdebare qalaqi aia – mkvidri mosaxleobisaa, aqedan iyo
medea. iustinianes mier zRvispireTSi daarsebuli petra da sxva qalaqebi,
cxadia, romaeli jariskacebisa da movaWreebisaTvis aSenda da ara mkvidri
mosaxleobisaTvis, amitom saeklesio iurisdiqciac Sesabamisia – am qalaqebSi
mcxovrebi kolonistebis mRvdelmTavari VI s-Si, gansaxilvel droisaTvis
sxvaa, xolo mRvdelmTvari `soflebis~ anu mkvidri mosaxleobisa -
`kaTolikosia~, aq cxadia, mcxeTeli kaTalikosi igulisxmeba, radganac
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rogorc dabejiTebiTaa cnobili, kaTalikosi ar
ijda, aseTi iyo mxolod mcxeTaSi da dvinSi. am ukanasknelsac ierarqiulad
rom daqvemdebareobda adgilobrivi qristianoba, mainc imas niSnavs, rom
zRvispira qalaqebis ucxoeli jariskacebi da kolonisti mcxovrebni sxva –
berZnul (droebiT) iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. magram, sabednierod gvaqvs
somxurive wyaro, romelic dabejiTebiT amtkicebs, rom egrisis qristianebi VI
s. bolosa da VII s. dasawyisSi qarTlis kaTalikos kirions eqvemdebarebodnen,
`Zveli wesis Sesabamisad~ _ viTarca egrisis arqiepiskoposs. aqamde,
sayovelTaod iyo (da aris cnobili), rom zRvispira qalaqebi berZenTa
samosaxloebs (koloniebs, dasaxlebebs) warmoadgendnen, eseni iyvnen
sevastopolisi – dioskuria, naxsenebi ptolemeosis mier, biWvinTa, fazisi da
sxv. kolxeTis berZnul qalaqebs – uwodebs mas s. yauxCiSvili35. yvela Zveli
avtoris dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT am qalaqebis gareT mcxovrebi mosaxleoba –
barbarosulia, ase uwodebdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos ara berZnul-romaul
tomebs, Tumca aRniSnul epoqaSi isini qristianebi iyvnen da TavianTi `lazTa
episkoposebi~ da `kaTalikosi~ hyavdaT36.
b. diasamiZem SesaniSnavad gamoikvlia dasavleT saqarTvelos
saepiskoposoTa Camoyalibebis istoria, Tumca, mosazreba, rom petras
saepiskoposo VI s. Sua xanebSi funqcionirebda da misi episkoposi ioane
monawileobda 553 wlis me-5 msoflio (konstantinopolis II) saeklesio krebis
muSaobaSi saeWvoa37. radganac me-5 msoflio krebis muSaobis dros cixe-qalaqi
petra miwasTan iyo gasworebuli im aTwliani daundobeli brZolis gamo,
romelic swored am qalaqisaTvis mimdinareobda romaelTa (bizantielTa) da
iranelTa jarebs Soris. masSi aTasobiT saukeTeso meomari monawileobda
TviT iranis saxelovani Sahis xosro I-isa da gamoCenili bizantieli
strategebis moTaveobiT. lazikis didi 20-wliani omis dros 542 wels petras
miadga iranelTa Sahi da didi brZolis Semdeg qalaqi aiRo da masSi Tavisi
jari Caayena. es jari aq idga. 551 wels 6000 bizantielma meomarma qalaqi
gaWirvebiT aiRo, akropolisSi gamagrebulma 500 sparselma meomarma tyveobas
cocxlad dawva amjobina. bizantielebma qalaqi aiRes, Semdeg ki misi
zRudeebi miwasTan gaaswores, rom mters is momavalSi kvlav ar
daemkvidrebina. lazikaSi omi kidev gagrZelda 562 wlis zavis dadebamde. ase
rom, 553 wels qalaqi petra miwasTan iyo gasworebuli da amitomac mas,
albaT, arc episkoposi hyavda! rogorc iTqva, gvaeWvebs petras episkopisis
monawileoba 553 wlis mexuTe krebis muSaobaSi, arc is aris gamoricxuli,
rom Tuki namdvilad hyavda petras episkoposi VI saukuneSi, igi omianobis
gamo ltolvilis statusiT imyofeboda konstantino-polSi. mcxeTeli
kaTalikosi imJamad miRebuli Cveulebis Tanaxmad eTnosis (eris)
pirvelmRvdelmTavrad iTvleboda (viTarca moiTxovos mociqulTa 34-e kanoni),
am eris qveS ki Cven unda vigulisxmoT qarTvelebi, romelTac somxebi
vracebs, xolo berZnebi da romaelebi lazebs da iberebs uwodebdnen. s.
yauxCiSvili wers: `rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, berZen-romaelma mwerlebma
kargad icodnen, rom iberia ewodeboda ara mxolod qarTls (aRmosavleT
saqarTvelo), aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvsipira olqsac. magaliTad –
pliniusi (VI, 11): `am adgilebSi, mTebs iqiT aris iberia, sanapiroze
cxovrobdnen henioxebi, amprevetebi, lazebi~, istorikosi epifane (VIII s.):
`mociquli andria qadagebda skviTTa, sogdianTa da gorsinTa Soris did
sevastopolSi, sadac aris afsari, isosis navsayudari da mdinare fazisi. iq
cxovroben iberebi, susebi, fustebi da alanebi.~ igive epifane kvlav wers -
`sxva mociqulebi iyvnen qalaqebSi, qadagebdnen, saswaulmoqmedebdnen da iyvnen
iberiaSi da fazisSi, ramdenime dRis Semdeg mividnen svaneTSi~. s.yauxCiSvilis
mtkicebiT ucxoeli mkvlevarebi `iberiasa~ da `iberebSi~ gulisxmobdnen
dasavleT saqarTvelos olqsa da mcxovreblebs (zRvispiras) amitomac
s.yauxCiSvils dadgenilad miaCnia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo dasaxlebuli
iyo ara mxolod megrul-Wanuri tomebiT, aramed iberielebiTac38. Cveni
fiqriT, Secdomaa sxvadasxva eTnosebad warmovadginoT `iberebi~ da `megrel-
Wanebi~. es erTi xalxi iyo, erTi enis mqone, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs TiTqmis
Tanadrouli VII saukunis wyaro `moqcevai qarTlisai~, romlis mixedviTac
arian-qarTlidan gadmosaxlebuli mosaxleoba dasaxlda ara mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mdinare
egriswylamde, xolo XII s. dasawyisis moRvawe arsen beri werda _ `Cven,
Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da enai maTi vuwyiT~, somxuri
wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiTac samxreTis qveynidan gadmosaxlebis
Semdeg nabuqodonosorma qarTvelebi daasaxla Savi zRvis aRmosavleT
sanapiroze. qarTvelTa Tavdapirvel sacxovrad kavkasiaSi rogorc movses
xorenaci, ise uxtanesi miiCnevs dasavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod ki
SavizRvispireTs39. b.diasamiZis mniSvnelovani dakvirvebiT, aRniSnul epoqaSi
- `adgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena am dros arc ise didi xnis wina aris
gamoyofili saerTo qarTuli fuZe enidan~40.
T. gamyreliZem da m. maWavarianma daadgines, rom `qarTul-zanuri
divergencia moxda Cveni welTaRricxvis mijnaze41. aRniSnul epoqaSi -
`adgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena am dros arc ise didi xnis win aris
gamoyofili saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enidan~40.
`akad. a. Ciqobava da Semdeg misi mimdevrebi (q. lomTaTiZe, m. qurdiani,
t. futkaraZe) am sakiTxis Seswavlis amosaval meTodad kanonzomier da
regularul bgeraTSesatyvisobis arsebobis dadgenas miiCneven. am meTodiT
sakiTxis SeswavliT gakeTebulia daskvna, rom Zveli welTaRricxvis II
saukunidan iwyeba saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enidan SiSina `a enis~ gamoyofa,
romlisaganc momdevno aTaswleulSi CamoinakvTa zanuri (SiSina o) da svanuri
(SiSina a) enebi... axali welTaRricxvis IX saukunidan zanurs, svanursa da
qarTuls Soris ukve Camoyalibebulia), CvenTvis cnobili bgeriT-
Sesatyvisobani, magram yvela qarTuli samefos saxelmwifo da saeklesio ena
mainc saliteraturo qarTulia~42 _ wers b. diasamiZe.
axali kvlevebiT miCneulia, rom kolxuri kultura iyo saerTo qarTuli
kultura da mis Semqmnel xalxs `gaaCnda saerTo qarTuli ena da rom
farnavazi da quji erT enaze laparakobdnen da amanac gaadvila maSin
saqarTvelos am ori nawilis gaerTianeba. zanuris saerTo qarTveluri enidan
gamoyofas axali welTaRricxvidan varaudoben... amitom IV saukunis
kolxisaTvis sulac ar iqneboda gaugebari aRmosavluri qarTuli ena, amitom
sarwmuno Cans mTavarepiskopos a.jafariZis azri – wers b. diasamiZe – rom,
marTalia, arsebobda axlad warmoqmnili qarTuli fuZe enis daSlis Sedegad
miRebuli tomobrivi enebi qarTebisa da megrelebisa, magram es enebi
erTmaneTis mimarT dialeqtebs warmoadgendnen da imdenad axlos idgnen
erTmaneTTan, rom SeiZleboda erTian enaze laparaki~43. amis Sesaxeb
miuTiTebda jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili, rodesac man gamoikvlia, rom
qristianobis miRebamde saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris samegrelosa
da svaneTSi warmarTuli kultmsaxurebis enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, da
warmarTuli sakulto terminologia (qarTulenovani) Zalze daxvewili iyo,
rom qristianobis SemoRebis Semdeg saerTo saRvTismetyvelo saeklesio enis
Seqmna – CamonakveTis saqmeSi megrelebsa da svanebs aqtiuri monawileoba
hqonda miRebuli. ivane javaxiSvilis am kvlevis mamtkicebel faqtad miviCnevT
Cven ioane lazis (igive miTridate pontoelis) yofnas aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi swored saeklesio liturgikuli enis Camoyalibebis dros
iberiis samefo karze (sadac mimdinareobda kidec es muSaoba), ufliswulis,
momavali petre iberis, aRmzrdelad da naTliad ioane lazi. s. yauxCiSvilis
mixedviT, fasisis ritorikuli skolis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli iqna miwveuli
da amitom ioane lazis mier dafuZnebul lazTa monasterSi, romelic
ierusalimis gareT udabnoSi mdebareobda aRmoCnda kidec dRemde erT-erTi
uZvelesi saeklesio asomTavruli warwerebi44. rogorc cnobilia, imperatorma
iustinianem VI s-Si ganaaxla `iberTa monasteri ierusalimSi, lazTa
monasteri ierusalimis udabnoSi~45. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom IV-VI
saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidri mosaxleoba Sedioda Tavisi
eTnikuri mRvdelmTavris iurisdiqciaSi, romelsac yvelani prokofi-
kesarielis TqmiT `kaTolikoss~ uwodebdnen. igi, cxadia, mcxeTeli
kaTalikosia, aseve prokofi kesarielis mierve moxseniebuli lazTa
episkoposebi46 – saeklesio TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul dros qarTulenovanebi
iyvnen da mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen (amitomac iyo VI s.
bolos kirioni, `egrisis arqiepiskoposi~) VI s-Si iustinianes mier axlad
daarsebul q. petrasa da sxva cixe-simagreSi mcxovrebi berZnuli garnizoni
saeklesio iurisdiqciis mxriv vfiqrob konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
eqvemdebareboda, xolo am berZnul-romauli qalaqebisa cixe-simagreebis gareT
mdebare soflebisa da qalaqebis samwyso Sedioda `lazTa episkoposebisa~ da
maTi zemdgomi `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, vidre VII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde
herakle keisaris laSqrobamde. amis mamtkicebel magaliTad Cven migvaCnia
martvilis (Wyondidis) saepiskoposo taZari (kaTedra) agebuli VII s. aRniSnul
wlebamde, qarTuli arqiteqturis gamoyenebiT da masSi arsebuli qarTuli
Tanadrouli warwerebiT, cxadia – igi Sedioda qarTuli (mcxeTis) eklesiis
(kaTalikosis) iurisdiqcis qveS, magram mas Semdeg, rac bizantiam miitaca
qarTuli saxelmwifos miwa-wyali vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapanis xazamde (VII s.
20-30-ian wlebidan) dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoria (zRvidan am xazamde)
mTeli Tavisi mosaxleobiT oficialurad Sevida konstantinopolis
iurisdiqciaSi. Sedegad fasisis samitro-politosa da misi saepiskoposebis
samwysos ukve warmoadgenda mTeli mkvidri mosaxleoba, maSasadame, es
saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen mkvidri qarTuli samwysos sasuliero centrebad,
Tumca konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS nacvlad mcxeTeli kaTalikosisa.
 iustinianes dros, VI s-is I naxevarSi saqarTvelo (yofili qarTlis
samefo) erTmaneTs Soris gainawiles bizantielebma da sparselebma, Tumca
dava maT Soris ar Sewyvetila, sparseTi amtkicebda, rom iberebi maTi
xeldebuli xalxia, amitomac dasavleT saqarTveloSi mas aqvs uflebebi
flobdes adre iberiaSi Semaval SavizRvispireTis teritoriebs. petrasaTvis
omi sparselebsa da bizantielebs Soris miuTiTebs, rom petras mimdebare
miwebi sparselebisaTvis iberiul teritoriad ganixileboda, amitomac mas
iuridiuli ufleba hqonda am miwa-wyalze viTarca iberiaze – mis xeldebul
qveyanaze. iqamde (VI s-mde) gacilebiT adre straboni (I s.) amtkicebda, rom
`svanebs-zogierTebi iberebs uwodeben~. e.i. svanebic iberieli xalxis erT-erT
tomad miiCneoda I saukunisaTvis. arianes cnobiT, petrasTan (yofil
afsarosTan) iyo iberiis sazRvari. lazebis miwa-wyals (igulisxmeba petradan
– md. klisuramde) – sparselebi swored iberiulad miiCnevdnen, amitomac
aZlevdnen kidevac Tavis Tavs nebas, edavaT am miwa-wylis sparseTis
saxelmwifoSi Sesayvanad (rogorc iTqva, viTarca iberiis erTi nawilisa),
sirielebic lazebs – urZebs (aqedan gurZebs) uwodebdnen, iseve rogorc
saerTod aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas). laz→urZ→gurZ-
gur fuZe unda Candes somxur termin `xorZeneSi~ (xorZ→xurZ→urZ→gurZ).
xorZene iyo istoriuli lazeTis provincia. aRsaniSnavia, rom xorenacisa da
sxva somexi istorikosebis cnobiT qarTuli anbanis restavracia (Seqmna-
SemuSavebis) dros qarTlis mefe bakuris karze Sekrebilan qarTuli
provinciebidan, maT Soris xorZenedan da taronidan Casuli sasuliero
pirebi47. lazeTidan Casuli miTridate lazi kidec iyo aRmzrdeli V s.
dasawyisSi patara petre iberisa qarTlis samefo karze, sadac im droisaTvis
qarTebisa da lazebis (gurZebis) mecadineobiT SemuSavda qarTuli
liturgikuli ena. (Seadare - `andria qadagebda skviTTa, sogdianTa da
gorsinTa Soris~ - gorsin→gursin→gurZin, `guria~, `eguri~, `argueTi~).
unda davaskvnaT, rom VI s-dan VII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde - dasavleT
saqarTvelos berZnul-romaul cixe-qalaqTa garnizoni da mosaxleoba
Sesabamis ucxour iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, xolo `soflur adgilTa~ anu
faqtobrivad mTeli qveynis mrevli prokofis mier dasaxelebul
`kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciis qveS.

6. VI msoflio saeklesio krebis (680 w.) mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba

680 wels konstantinopolSi Sedga msoflio saeklesio kreba. igi moiwvia

imperatorma konstantine poRonatma (668-685), raTa emxilebina monoTelitebis
crumoZRvreba. monoTelitebi, marTalia, cnobdnen qristeSi or - RvTaebriv da
kacobriv bunebas, magram aRiarebdnen masSi mxolod RvTaebriv nebisyofas.
imperatori herakle, romlis drosac suli Caedga am eress, fiqrobda, rom
am axali moZRvrebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda monofizitebisa da
diofizitebis Serigeba. am or uzarmazar sarwunoebriv banaks Soris mtroba
imperias ganxeTqilebiT emuqreboda. monoTelitobis eress Tavidanve ebrZodnen
sofron ierusalimeli da konstantinopoleli beri maqsime aRmsarebeli (mas
ena da xelic ki mokveTes amis gamo, sabolood ki lazikaSi gadmoasaxles).
 meeqvse msoflio krebam 170 episkoposis monawileobiT dagmo
monoTelitobis eresi. ganisazRvra qristeSi ori buneba - RvTaebrivi da
kacobrivi. am or bunebas ori nebisyofa aqvs, magram ise, rom kacuri nebisyofa
ar ewinaaRmdegeba da emorCileba RvTaebrivs.
VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoutania, magram zogierTi qarTuli
xelnaweris Tanaxmad, miuRia dadgenilebani, maT Soris, qarTuli eklesiis
sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebis Sesaxebac. ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebi. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi wers: `... iqmna kreba meeqvse, wmidaTa
mamaTa konstantinopolis Sina, meaTsametesa welsa poRonati konstantines
mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisa winamZRvar iyvnes Teodore
da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni, adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon romis papisani
da giorgi konstantino-poleli, Teofane antioqieli. amis krebisa mier
brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa,
raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani,
sapatriaqoni da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, da
akurTxevdes da mwysides da ganagebdes samarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa,
mitrapolitTa da episkoposTa samwysosa Tvissa qarTlisa, gamoRma-gaRma
kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT wamovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruliad oseTsa da yovelsa zemo qarTlsa, samcxe-
saaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani. mas hmonebdnen da mis
xel queSe iyvnen da sjulsa missa erCden da misgan imwyesebodnen. da
migvicemia xelmwifeba Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa... xolo pirveliTgan antioqiisa
krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli iyo. da am krebis mier dagvimtkicebia patriaqad,
rameTu nu iqnebin mitropolitni, nuca episkoposi kaTalikosisa Seundobrad.
xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros kaTalikosisa winaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman,
gina mitropolitman, anu episkoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia
ZaliTa, kaTalikosisa ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe, gina
mTavarni, anu mTavarespikoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni, ganikueTen. xolo
odesa enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~48.
rogorc iTqva, VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoucia, magram krebis
mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier damtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis
16 seqtembers gadaeca saimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad49.
safiqrebelia, rom swored es saboloo teqsti unda dadeboda safuZvlad
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil CanarTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. v. goilaZis azriT, am
Tvalsazrisis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva `martvilur xelnawerebSi~ arsebuli
msgavsi cnoba. es cnoba aseTia: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa
Sina konstantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa krebasa
konstantine poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa, giorgi
konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasa da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa
mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da
Tavisuflad da uflad yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa
Sina antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu arRaravisagan xel
qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavari ars~50.
`martvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantino-poluri
taqtikoni~, SesaZloa, iyos is dokumenti, romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers
gadaeca Sesanaxad samefo karis samdivnos.
 marTalia, aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,
romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba da gamosca wina
msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesula mravali kanoni da
dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi ar moxvda aseve VI krebis
dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb51.
v. goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnuli cnoba
sandoa, radganac masSi sworadaa asaxuli krebis mimdinareobis istoriuli
viTareba, kerZod, krebaze damswreTa Soris moxseniebulia ara antioqieli
patriarqi makariosi, romelic krebam monoTelit-mwvaleblad aRiara da
gaaZeva, aramed mis adgilze arCeuli axali patriarqi antioqiisa Teofane,
romelic bolomde iyo krebaze.
maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianad
miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VI msoflio
krebaze, 681 wels. iqamde patriarqis wodebas atarebda amierkavkasiis orive
mezobeli eklesiis meTaurebi - somxeTisa da albaneTisa. rogorc es kargad
Cans movses kalankatuacis Txzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi
Rirseba msoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pativi
gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas sagangebod
aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa
saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca
wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTalikosi
qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~52. aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis
samwyso. masSi eTnikuri qarTuli teritoriebis garda, Sevida albaneTis
yofil sapatriarqoSi Semavali qarTuli eTnosiT dasaxlebuli teritoriebi:
Saqi da Sirvani, maT garda, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midgmiT - warmovliT mTisa
adgilni~ - esenia dRevandeli daRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi vidre `suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvis
mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda. aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia,
swored VII s-is dasasruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m.
kalankatuacis Tanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri
qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli mxareebi, rogorc aRiniSna, daubrunda
dedaeklesias. yovel SemTxvevaSi, am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisi
iurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda, romelic man mogvianebiT ganaxorciela kidec.
aRsaniSnavia meore garemoebac, rom Savi zRvispira qarTuli mxareebi am
droisaTvis, e.i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, araa qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
marTlac, am dros es miwa-wyali dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawili
vidre e.w. `skanda-Sorapnis~ xazamde konstantinopolis sapatriarqos miaCnda
Tavisi iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad, radganac aq iyvnen berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-cixisZirisa da sxv. IX-X
saukuneebSi qarTveli qristianebiT dasaxlebuli es teritoria daubrunda
qarTul dedaeklesias.
VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis ufleba mironis
kurTxevisa: `odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa
eklesiasa~53.
7. 691 wlis e.w. `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
dasavleT saqarTvelodan

konstantinopolis V (553 w.) da VI (681 w.) msoflio krebebs saeklesio

kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT. es xarvezebi 102 kanoniT Seavso konstantinopolis
691 wlis e.w. trulis krebam. am kanonis xelismomwerTa Sorisaa dasavleT
saqarTvelos ori ierarqi – foTis, anu `fasoБs~ episkoposi Teodore da
cixisZiris, anu `petronis~ episkoposi ioane. trulis krebis aqti asea Sesuli
cnobil did qarTul sjuliskanonSi: `kanonni konstantinopolis gumbadsa
Sina sameufoБsa palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes ze
keTilad msaxurisa da qristes moyuarisa mefisa Cuenisa~54. am 102 kanons xels
awers 226 episkoposi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan. rigis mixedviT xels
aweren romis papi, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis
patriarqebi (episkoposebi), rigSi 35-e aris xelismowera foTis episkoposisa
aseTi saxiT: `Teodore uRirsman episkoposman fasoБsaman sofelsa Sina
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da warvweren~, xolo 220-e aris xelis mowera
cixisZireli episkoposisa aseTi saxiT: `ioane uRirsman episkoposman qalaqisa
petronisaman queyanisagan megrelTaБsa ganvsazRvre da warvwere~55.
rogorc vxedavT, trulis, anu `gumbadis~ msoflio krebas, romelmac
Seavso V da VI msoflio krebis kanonSemoqmedebiTi mxare, ar eswrebodnen im
droisaTvis cnobili da amierkavkasiis masStabiT udidesi saqarTvelos
(mcxeTis), somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, xolo foTisa
da cixisZiris episkoposebi krebas xels awerdnen ara rogorc saqarTvelos
eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, aramed rogorc konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
lazikis eparqiis warmomadgenlebi. ratom ar monawileobdnen saqarTvelos,
somxeTisa da sxva cnobil eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi e.w. trulis saeklesio
krebaze? amis pasuxs iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii iurievski: `1. msoflio
ekumenuri (da ara `kaTolike~ - sayovelTao) kreba imperatorisa da
saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitropoliti ki ar iwvevs, aramed
imperatori (Tundac mounaTlavi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, konstantine didi,
romelmac saTave daudo msoflio krebebs); 2. krebas eswrebian ara TavianT
samitropolitoebSi arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatoris xelisuflebis
Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da gamoZaxebulni, ris gamoc 3. yvela
adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposebis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo (me-3
msoflio krebaze ar iyo karTagenis 500-ze meti episkoposidan arc erTi)~56.
arqiepiskopos loliis ganmartebaze dayrdnobiTYSegviZlia ganvacxadoT,
rom trulis saeklesio kreba iyo kreba bizantiis imperiisa, rom-berZnuli
saxelmwifosi. amitom mas eswrebodnen mxolod am saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli eparqiebis episkoposebi imperatoris gamoZaxebis
Sesabamisad.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo im droisaTvis bizantiisagan damoukideblad
arsebobda, amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiis episkoposebis gamoZaxeba ar
SeeZlo bizantiis imperators da arc amis saWiroeba daunaxavs. xolo, rac
Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos foTisa da cixisZiris episkoposebs, maTi
gamoZaxeba SeeZlo imperators, radganac VII s-is miwurulisaTvis, rodesac
kreba Catarda, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria vidre e.w.
`skanda-Sorapanis~ xazamde daWerili iyo bizantielTa mier da Sedioda
imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. es miwa-wyali VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Camoacala bizantiis imperatorma heraklem, ris
Semdegac aq Tavis iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom.
konstantinopolis qmedeba iyo kanonikuri, radganac qalkedonis krebis
gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, nebismieri saxelmwifos SigniT am saxelmwifos
eklesias ufleba aqvs Tavisi iurisdiqciis gavrcelebisa. maSasadame,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTuli mosaxleoba VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi
Seiyvanes konstanti-nopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiaqciaSi. iqamde dasavleT
saqarTvelos qristianebi IV-V saukuneebSi Sediodnen qarTuli, anu mcxeTis
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. aseve iyo VII saukunis calkeul monakveTebSi. VI
saukuneSi somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, kaTalikosi kirion I imavdroulad
megrelTa arqiepiskoposad iTvleboda. aseve vaxuStis cnobis Tanaxmad,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi mcxeTis samwysod iTvlebodnen (kerZod,
mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs eqvemdebareboda dasavleT saqarTvelos dablobebi,
e.w. `vake~, xolo niqozis episkoposs - raWis mTianeTi). kirioni, z. aleqsiZis
varaudiT, roca igi sparselebma gadaayenes kaTalikosobidan somxur
eklesiasTan cnobili paeqrobis Semdeg, gadasula dasavleT saqarTvelos
Tavissave eparqiaSi da foTis mitropolitis kaTedra auRia Tavis xelSi. am
kaTedraze myofi daxvedria igi herakle keisars sparseTTan laSqrobis win. am
kaTedraze yofnis dros berZnuli wyaroebiT `fasisis episkoposs kiross~
heraklesaTvis miuwodebia idea monoTelitobis Sesaxeb.
herakle keisris laSqrobaTa Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSi teritoria
e.w. `skand-Sorapanis~ xazamde (e.i. iberiasTan sazRvramde) bizantielebs
dauWeriaT, amitomac `bizantiuri saeklesio ekTesiebiT (nusxebi),
konstantinopolis patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebul lazikis eparqiis fasidis
mitropolits eqvemdebarebodnen oTxi qalaqis - rodopolisis, saisinTa,
petras da ziganevis episkoposebi da avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposebi: 1.
abasgiisa - sebastopolis arqiepiskoposi. 2. jiqeTisa - qersonis, 3. bosforis
da 4. nikopolis mTvarepiskoposebi~57.
maSasadame, `trulis~ krebas dasavleT saqarTvelos xuTi saepiskoposodan
eswrebodnen ori, foTis, anu `fasidis~ mitropolitis xarisxSi myofi
episkoposi da petras, anu `petronis~ episkoposi. foTis, anu fasidis
samitropolito zemoCamoTvlili saepiskoposoebiT Sedioda `lazikis
eparqiaSi~, anu eklesiurad lazikas miekuTvneboda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorc mTawmindelebi,
ise sxvebi, sityva `lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo sityvad da `lazikis~ fard
qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnen sityvas: `sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad,
andrias `mimosvlis~ Targmanis dros maT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc
`sofeli megrelTa~, da asea kidec Sesuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi
(andrias `mimosvlis~ aRwerisas). aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Sesatyvisi `sofeli
megrelTa~ Sesulia zemoaRniSnul episkoposTa xelis moweraSic. maSasadame
dedanSi ewera `Teodore, episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~. qarTvelma
mTargmnelma ase gadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposi fasoisa, sofelsa Sina
megrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane, episkoposi qalaq petronisa,
lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelma gadmoiRo `ioane, episkoposi qalaqisa
petronisa, qveyanasa Sina megrelTaБsa~.
 am droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira `berZnuli~
saepiskoposoebi sinamdvileSi ukve warmoadgendnen adgilobrivi qarTuli
mosaxleobis saepiskoposoebs, `berZnuli~ isini iyvnen imdenad, ramdenadac maT
samwysoSi Semaval eklesiebSi wirva-locva berZnuli iyo da ierarqiulad ara
mcxeTas, aramed konstantinopols eqvemdebarebodnen. magram bizantiis imperiis
arabTa mier SesustebisTanave, gansakuTrebiT ki mas Semdeg, rac
konstantinopolSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi gamwvavda xatmebrZoluri eresi,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma uaryves konstantinopolis
iurisdiqcia da TandaTan daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. dasavleT
saqarTvelos eklesiebSi aRsdga qarTulenovani wirva-locva, VIII-IX
saukuneebSi es procesi TiTqmis dasrulda.
trulis, anu `gumbadis~ saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
sinamdvileSi warmoadgendnen qarTuli samwysos, e. i. eparqiis mcxovrebTa
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs.
cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordanias Tanaxmad, zemoaRniSnul (trulis)
krebis (mas mexuTe msoflio krebad Tvlis T. Jordania) kanonebs xeli moawera
oTxma qarTvelma episkoposma: `mexuTe krebis kanonebi xelmowerilia qarTvel
episkoposTagan: 1. `Teodore uRirsman episkopozman fasoБsaman, sofelsa
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da wavweren~, 2. georgi episkopozman kamaxisa
(kalmaxisa?) didisa somxeTisa soflebisagan... 3. foti episkoposman qalaqisa
sevastopolelTaisagan... 4. iovane uRirsman episkopozman, qalaqisa
petronisagan, queyanisagan megrelTaisa ganvsazRvre da wavwere (petroni aris
awindeli cixis Ziri)58.
sevastopolisi marTlac erqva cxums, magram es saxeli sxva mraval
zRvispira qalaqsac erqva. e.w. `didi somxeTis~ erTi nawili aRniSnul dros
bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda da am geografiuli saxelis miuxedavad, iq
mravali qarTuli sofeli arsebobda. `kamax~ - kamaxel episkoposs amitom
miiCnevda Tedo Jordania qarTvelad.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, trulis krebamde aTi-TerTmeti wliT adre, 681
wels, konstantinopolSi Semdgarma VI msoflio krebam ganixila qarTuli
eklesiis sakiTxi (Tanaxmad zogierTi istoriuli cnobisa). manve gansazRvra
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
SesaZloa VI msoflio kreba marTlac Seexo qarTuli eklesiis problemebs,
radganac am krebam ganixila monoTelitobis sakiTxi, xolo monoTelitobis
erT-erTi eresiarqi iyo fasiseli mitropoliti kirosi, romelic herakle
keisarma foTidan gadaiyvana ufro mZlavr kaTedraze da aamaRla
aleqsandriis patriarqis taxtze. zaza aleqsiZis varaudiT, kirosi iyo igive
kirioni, gaZevebuli VII s-is dasawyisSi mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxtidan
monofizitebis mier. epistoleTa wignSi marTlac TiTqosda Cans kidec
kirionis monoTelituri Sexedulebani. mag. curtaveli qarTveli aznaurebi
weren somexTa patriarqs - `Cven es sarwmunoebac gvaqvs da Tqvenic~ e.i.
monofizitobasa da diofizitobas ar ganvasxvavebT, vaerTianebTo. kirosis
sakiTxs SeiZleba wamoewia qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxic.
maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebas
namdvilad eswrebodnen qarTveli episkoposebi Savi zRvispira qalaqebisa,
magram, radganac es regioni imJamad Sedioda bizantiis imperiis
SemadgenlobaSi, aRniSnuli episkoposebi kanonikurad konstantinopolis
eklesiis iurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.

8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msoflio krebaze (787 w.)

trapezunti - SavizRvispireTis erT-erTi cnobili qalaqi, marTalia

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT ar moqceula, magram, radganac
igi istoriulad lazikaSi anu qarTveli xalxiT dasaxlebul miwa-wyalze
mdebareobda, amitomac VII msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposi qristefore
trapezunteli Cven SeiZleba miviCnioT qarTveli marTlmadidebeli mrevlis
ierarqad, miT umetes, rom mas `faziseli episkoposis~ tituli hqonia.
787 wels nikeaSi Semdgari meSvide msoflio saeklesio krebis sxdomebi
erT weliwads grZeldeboda. 367 episkoposma ganixila xatTa Tayvaniscemis
sakiTxi da 22 kanoniT aRadgina igi. marTlmadidebelTa ukanaskneli da
yvelaze xangrZlivi devna xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo Sewyda. qarTvelma
marTlmadideblebma, romelnic xatmebrZolobas mxars arasodes uWerdnen,
Tavisi neba gamoxates episkoposis xelismoweriT, romelsac hqonda tituli
`qristefore, episkoposi fasisisa anu trapizonisa~59.
m. berZniSvili gamoTqvams Tavis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom hqonda
episkopos qristefores ori kaTedris ierarqis saxeli – fasisisa da
trapezonisa. m. berZniSvilis varaudiT SesaZlebelia afxazebis mier fazisis
dapyrobis Semdeg episkoposi gadavida trapizonSi da tradiciis mixedviT,
sakuTar Tavs faziselic uwoda60.
marTalia leon II-is dros (753-798) Camoyalibda `afxazTa samefo~, magram
es ar niSnavs, rom am dros dasavleT saqarTvelos `dapyroba~ moxda afxazTa
mier, am sityvis Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT. `qarTlis cxovrebiseul~ axsnas am
samefos legitimuri Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb ratomrac yuradReba ar eqceva.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad afxazTa mefeebi iyvnen qarTlis mefeTa
legitimuri memkvidreebi. leon II-m am memkvidreobiT miiRo `mefis~ wodeba.
rogorc `moqcevai qarTlisaБs~, ise `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva
mematianeebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT Camoyali-bebisTanave, mefe farnavazis
droidan, qarTlis samefo moicavda dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinare
egriswyalmde. aseTive viTareba iyo mefe mirianis drosac, mefe vaxtang
gorgaslis dros qarTlis samefos sazRvari gadaiwia ufro CrdiloeTiT da
daido mdinare klisuraze. klisuras iqiT mdebare miwa-wyali, romelsac
afxazeTi erqva, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi, am mdinareze
gadadioda sazRvari saqarTvelosa da `saberZneTs~ Soris. mematianes cnobiT
viTareba Seicvala herakle keisris dros, Tbilisis alyisas gancdili
marcxisa da sxva mizezTa gamo man dasaja qarTlis samefo da erismTavari
stefanozi, romelmac `ara ineba gandgoma sparsTagan~, amasTanave is
`morwmuneTa emtereboda da urwmunoTa moyvrobda~61. stefanoz `bagratoani~
guram I kurapalatis STamomavali heraklem taxtidan Camoagdo, mis
sagvareulos CamoarTva mefobis ufleba da taxtze aiyvana Zvel xosroian
mefeTa STamomavali adarnase bakuris Ze, magram am adarnases herakle keisarma
qarTlis samefo srul sazRvrebSi aRar daubruna, qarTlis saxelmwifos
imperatorma CamoaWra SavizRvispireTi, cxadia, igulisxmeba klisuramde,
mematiane wers - `maSin kualad wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da
bolo klarjeTisa, zRvis piri~62. Cveni istorikosebis TvalsazrisiT herakle
keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoarTva mxolod spersa da klarjeTis bolosTan
mdebare zRvis momijnave teritoria, magram Cveni azriT mematiane aq spersa da
klarjeTis bolos asaxelebs viTarca ukidures samxreT wertils, radganac
qarTlis samefos meore sasazRvro mijna Savi zRvis pirze – klisura mas
mravaljer hqonoda dasaxelebuli [termin `zRvis piris~ qveS rom mTeli Savi
zRvis pireTi igulisxmeba da ara misi erTi monakveTi, es Cans `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ sxva adgilidan: murvan yrum `daibanaka pitiotas, zRvis pirs,
qalaqsa, romelsa hqvian cxumi... da Caiara uRmerToman murvan yru zRvis piri
da gamoixuna cixeni da qalaqni zRvis pirisani...~63, ase, rom, rodesac
mematiane wers, rom herakle keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra `sazRvari
qarTlisa... zRvis piri~, gulisxmobs, rogorc vTqviT zRvispira miwa-wyals
erT sazRvar klisuridan meore sazRvar speramde]. herakle keisari ise
gamZvinvarebuli yofila, rom amiT ar dakmayofilebula, qveynidan udidesi
siwmidenic gautania - `maSin herakle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da
uruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni...
Sewuxna adarnase, qarTlisa mTavari, da evedreboda keisarsa, raTa ara
warixunes niWni igi RrmrTisa mierni, ara ismina keisarman vedreba misi da
warixuna... mokuda adarnase da dadga Ze misi stefanoz~64.
maSasadame, mematianes sityviT, herakle keisarma 620-30-ian wlebSi qarTlis
samefos Camoacala zRvispira teritoria klisuridan – speramde. ai, aq
ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom Tavisi saeklesio iurisdiqcia.
iqamde ki am zRvispira miwa-wyalze iurisdiqcias axorcielebda qarTlis
kaTalikosi da somxuri wyaros cnobiT, kaTalikosi qarTlisa kirioni,
egrisis arqiepiskoposadac iTvleboda. ramden xans darCa bizantiis
SemadgenlobaSi qarTlis samefos yofili zRvispireTi? mematiane gvamcnobs
amis Sesaxeb: es gagrZelebula daaxloebiT VII s. bolomde da VIII s.
dasawyisamde. leon I-is dromde. mematianes sityviT, mas Semdeg rac afxazeTSi
ltolvilma qarTlis mefeebma RvTis SewevniT daamarcxes murvan yrus
laSqari, bizantiis imJamindelma imperatorma kvlav scno mdinare klisura
sazRvrad saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris, romelsac qvemoTac vexebiT.
arabTa Semosevebis dros qarTlis mefeTa taxtze mjdomma stefanozma ineba
Tavisi saxelmwifos dasavleT nawilSi – egrisSi gadasvla Tavis Ze mihrTan
erTad, male maT egrisSive SeuerTda meore Ze arCili. garkveuli xnis Semdeg
maT kvals gahyva murvan yru. qarTvelma mefeeba gadalaxes sasazRvro mdinare
klisura da Tavi Seafares bizantias, kerZod afxazeTs - `Sevlo yruman
klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa da
Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa cxumi~65. am droisaTvis stefanozi ukve
`damarxul iyo egrsa Sina~65. misi Zvlebi male gadaasvenes dasavleT
saqarTvelos centrSi, quTaisiSi - `saydarsa quTaissa, raTa ipovos igi
sawamebelad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~66 - ambobs arabTa omSi sasikvdilod
daWrili mefe miri; e.i. stefanozis quTaisSi dakrZalva kidev erT niSnad
miiCneva imisa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis samefo ojaxis samkvidroa.
is eZleva kidec mefe arCils sauxucesod (samefo domenad) mirisagan - `xolo
sauxucesod, romel mqonda momicemia Senda da gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi,
suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da guria~67.
 saerTod, mematianes sityviT, kavkasiaSi arabTa Semosevebis dawyebisTanave
bizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi, xolo saganZuri-qoneba,
romlis waRebac ver SeZles, moniSnul adgilebSi damales - `maSin yovelni
naTesavni berZenTani warCinebulni hflvides queyanaTa Sina ganZTa!~68. aseve
moiqcnen qarTvelebic, amitomac samefo ojaxma Tavisi ganZis erTi nawili
ujarmaSi, meore nawili goris tonTios cixeSi, xolo darCenili nawili -
egrisSi, quTaissa da cixe-gojSi Seinaxes - `Sen da mamaman Cvenman dasdeviT
igi quTaissa da cixe-gojs~69. aq Seinaxes mefeebma stefanozma da mirma mirian
mefisa da vaxtang gorgasalis samefo gvrigvinebi da ganZi. amave dros,
dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi da
mouwodes adgilobriv xelisuflebs gamagrebuliyvnen am cixe-simagreebSi
garkveuli drois manZilze arabTa dauZlurebamde - `daadgeriT simagreTa
Sina TquenTa, vidremdes warxdes weliwadni samasni... gansrulebasa
mesamasisasa wlisasa moeces Zali mefobasa Cuensa da SevmusrneT agarianni~70.
qarTvelma mefeebma daiWires TavianTi qveynis es umTavresi simagreebi, cixe-
goji, quTaisi da sxva, unda vigulisxmoT, rom es moxda VII s. bolos, xolo
rogorc iTqva, VIII s. pirvel naxevarSi, bizantiis imperatorma werilobiT
ubrZana Tavis moxele-erisTavs afxazeTSi leon I-s daecva klisura, viTarca
sazRvari saqarTvelos da bizantias Soris egrisSi. aq, egrisis udides
mijnaze, bizantielebi xSirad arRvevdnen sazRvars, am faqts aRiarebs
imperatori - `yovladve sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cvengan qmnil ars vneba~71 da
ubrZanebs Tavis moxeles leon I-s,: radganac afxazeTSi ltolvilma qarTlis
mefeebma mirma da arCilma arabebTan omSi Cven, bizantielebs dagviWires mxari,
amitomac `amieriTgan nuRarmca xelgewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa
maTTa egrisaTa~72. amiT, mematianes sityviT, bizantiam mtkiced cno klisura
viTarca qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvari egrisSi. Savi-zRvispireTi
klisuridan speramde kvlav qarTlis samefos nawilad ganixileboda.
Sesabamisi unda yofiliyo saeklesio iurisduqciac - mTeli es miwa-wyali
qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcias unda dabruneboda, oRondac saeklesio
kanonebis dacviT unda warmarTuliyo mTeli es procedura - amiT unda
yofiliyo gamowveuli am drois iberiidan antioqiaSi saeklesio delegaciis
Casvla, romelmac miaRwia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiur gaTavisuflebas
bizantiis eklesiebisagan VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi, antioqiis patriarq
Teofilaqtes dros, romlis Sesaxebac cnobas gvawvdian efrem mcire, nikon
SavTeli da sxvebi, rac ganxiluli gvaqvs gamokvlevaSi - `antioqiis
saeklesio kreba VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi~. am droidan faziselma berZenma
ierarqma albaT datova kidec Tavisi fasisis kaTedra da SesaZloa
trapezuntSic gadavida.
imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor miiRes afxazeTis erisTavebma qarTlis mefeTagan
qveynis legitimuri mmarTvelobis kanonikuri ufleba, rogorc aRvniSneT,
mematiane gadmogvcems Semdegs - qarTlis samefo centrebSi arabebis
gabatonebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom mir mefes, romelic sasikvdilod daiWra
arabebTan brZolisas, ar hyavda taxtis memkvidre vaJiSvili, amitomac man
saufliswulo uflebebi Tavisi qaliSivilebis gziT gadasca Tavis siZeebs.
mefis siZeebma miiRes samemkvidreo qveynebi (`xevebi~) aRmosavleT da samxreT
saqarTveloSi. dasavleT saqarTvelo, viTarca samefo ojaxis sakuTrebebSi
myofi mamuli, mir mefem gadasca arCils. magram male arCilma datova
dasavleT saqarTvelo da gadavida kaxeTSi (arabebma maleve awames kidec).
iqamde arabTagan Seviwrovebulma bizantielebma, romlebic iZulebulni iyvnen
kavkasia daetovebinaT, TviTon moxeles leon I-s afxazeTi gadasces
samemkvidreo uflebiT: `Senda mibrZanebies erisTaoba afxazeTisa da SvilTa
SenTa da momavalTa SenTa miukunisamde~73 - wers imperatori leon I-s. leoni -
damoukidebel mmarTvelad iqca qveynisa, romelic ganvrcobili iyos
sazRvrebSi - `klisuriTgan vidre mdinaremde didad xazareTad, sada
daswudebis wueri kavkasiisa~74. - es qveyana md. klisuridan md. yubanamde iyo
afxazeTi. mier mefis anderZis aRsrulebis dros arCil mefis mier
siZeebisaTvis legitimiuri uflebebis gadacemisas, masTan mivida afxazeTis
damoukidebeli mmarTveli leon I, iTxova mir mefis qaliSvilis xeli da
ganacxada, rom amis sanacvlod qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvanda
Tavis samemkvidreo qveyanas _ afxazeTs _ man ganucxada mir mefes - `momca me
keisarman qveyana ese mkvidrobiT... SemrTe meca monaTa SenTa Tana, romelni ese
dRes Rirs yven Svilad da Zmad Senda. ara minda nawili Sengan, aramed Cemica
ese Senadve iyos~75.
maSasadame, imisaTvis raTa gamxdariyo erT-erTi siZe mir mefisa, siZeebs
qveynis mmarTvelobis legitimuri kanonieri uflebebi gadaecaT. siZeebi mefis
`Svilebad da Zmebad~ iqcnen, leon I-ma Tavisi `samkvidrebeli~ qveyana
afxazeTi gadasca qarTlis mefes (`Cemic ese Senadve iyos~), axla ukve
qarTlis samefos sazRvari mdinare klisuridan kidev ufro CdriloeTiT
gadaiwia `did xazareTis~ mdinaremde. sanacvlod leon I-ma arCil mefisagan
miiRo nebarTva SeerTo asuli mefe mirisa - `maSin misca leons colad
Zmiswuli misi guaranduxt da gvirgvini igi, romeli berZenTa mefesa warmoeca
mirisaTvis da yves aRTqma da fici saSineli, viTarmed ara iyos mteroba
Soris maTsa, aramed erCdes leon arCils, yovelTa dReTa misTa~76. leon I-ma
miiRo mir mefis samefo gvirgvini, SeirTo mefis asuli da arCil mefisagan
Cans gadaeca miris `sauxuceso~ teritoria, `egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi
da guria~, mas Semdeg rac arCili gadavida kaxeTSi.
sabolood unda davaskvnaT, rom qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad afxazTa
mefeebis iyvnen legitimuri memkvidreebi qarTlis mefeebisa, kerZod leon I,
romelmac SeirTo qarTlis mefe miris taxtis memkvidre qaliSvili
guranduxti: 1. iqca qarTlis mefis `Svilad da Zmad~; 2. legitimuri
memkvidreoba ganumtkicda imiT, rom miiRo mir mefis samefo gvrigvini; 3.
arCil mefisagan miiRo mir mefis `sauxucesoi~ miwa-wyali `egrisi, svaneTi,
Takveri, argveTi da guria~, nawili qarTlis samefosi. amiT dasavleT
saqarTvelo kanonikuri legitimuri samefo uflebiT miiRo leon I-ma da
misgan leon II-m (cxadia am dros ar momxdara `afxazTa mier dasavleT
saqarTvelos dapyroba~). amitomac afxazTa samefoSi, viTarca qarTul
saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi saxelmwifo enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda,
qarTuli ena aseve aq iyo saeklesio ena. herakle keisaris Semdgom bizantiis
mier aneqsirebul Savi zRvispireTis eklesiebSi wirva-locvis ena berZnuli
iyo (sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia) amitomac aq qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
aRdgenis anu afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis Semdgom, TandaTanobiT, TiTqmis
X s. Sua wlebamde mTeli afxazeTis samefoSi berZnuli saeklesio
iurisdiqcia qarTuliT Seicvala, Sesabamisad berZnulenovani
RvTismsaxurebac qarTulenovnebiT.
 Cveni zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, VIII-X saukuneebSi moxda
dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis `qarTizacia~ da amitomac aq sabolood
gaimarjva qarTulma enam. aseTi mosazreba miuRebelia: am dros arabTa mier
dasustebuli iyo aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, sadac arabebma mkvidrad moikides
fexi da 400 weli marTavdnen Tbilisis saamirosa da garkveulwilad Sida
qarTls, xolo qvemo qarTlSi somxuri taSir-ZorakeTis samefo Camoyalibda
dampyroblis xelSewyobiT. am dros SeuZlebeli iyo danawevrebuli,
saxelmwifoebrioba moSlil aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavisi kultura da ena
gaevrcelebina sxvagan. sinamdvileSi dasavleTi saqarTvelo Tavdapirveladve
warmoagdenda qarTuli kulturis, qarTuli eklesiisa da qarTulenovani
wirva locvis erT-erT umTavres keras. amitomac aq xelsayreli momentis
dadgomis Tanave aRsdga qarTulenovneba, qarTuli wirva-locva VIII-X
saukuneebSi. qarTuli ena – mosaxleobis deda ena, kulturisa da
urTierTobis ena iyo, amitomac TiTqosda ucxo `afxazTa samefoSi~ es ena
saxelmwifo da saeklesio enad gadaiqca. iqamdec qristianobis gavrcelebis
dros I-III saukuneebSi fuZe qarTuli enis daSlis Sedegad miRebuli
dialeqtebi aq Zalze axlo idgnen erTmaneTTan, amitomac fuZe qarTuli ena,
romelic warmarTobis droidan sakulto ena iyo, aq saeklesio enas IV
saukunidanve warmoadgenda. platon ioselianis kvlevis Tanaxmad dasavleT
saqarTveloSi qarTlis mefe aderkis mefobis dros iqadages mociqulebma
andria pirvelwodebulma da simon kananelma da mataTam, maT Semdeg aq II-III ss
qristianobis gavrcelebisaTvis uzrunia bosforSi gadmosaxlebul wmida
klimenti romaels, mis Semdeg pontos episkopos palmoss, romelsac Savi
zRvispeTSi 70 eklesia augia. palmosis vaJi, aseve episkoposi markioni
kolxidelad ixseneba laTinur wyaroebSi, Tumca ki es markioni mwvalebeli
yofila, risTvisac mamisagan SeCveneba miuRia. monaniebis mizniT kolxideli
episkoposo markioni misula romis pap anikitesTan, raTa mas moexsna mamis
wyevla77. agaTangelozis cnobiT wm. grigolma lazTa qveyanaSi wmida ninos
qadagebamde gagzavna episkoposad sofroni - `lazTa qveyanaSi gaagzavna
sofroni, romelic mRvdlad iyo kapadokiaSi~ (agaTangelosis arabuli
variantis Tanaxmad wmida grigols qarTvelTa (grgn) qveyanaSi gaugzavnia
qarTveli (grgny) episkoposi irenarxe (‘byrbzhm). n. maris wakiTxviT ibirbzxua.
arabul variantSi mefeebis CamoTvlis dros sityva lazi gadmocemulia ase -
Irws*. Cans, aq istoriuli Zveli lazika, trapezuntis qveyana ar igulisxmeba,
romelsac Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis cnobiT `sofeli megrelTa~ ewodeboda,
aramed, rogorc Cans, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, radganac arabul variantSi es
sityva (lazi) ukve aRar gvxvdeba da mis adgilas Cawerilia sityva `afxazi~
(‘bhz). es miuTiTebs, rom arabuli varianti VIII s. Semdeg afxazTa samefos
Camoyalibebis Semdegaa warmoqmnili).
rogorc wyaroebi miuTiTebs, dasavleT saqarTveloSi wmida ninos dros
qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad iqca, wyaroTa cnobiT, egrisi mirian
mefis samefos nawils warmoadgenda. prokofi kesarielis cnobiT, trapezuntis
axlos saqarTvelos mimarTulebiT mcxovrebi qristianebi eklesiurad `lazTa
episkoposebis~ iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen `iqauri mcxovrebni arc romaelTa da arc
lazTa mefis qveSevrdomebi ar arian, garda imisa, rom, radgan isini
qristianebi arian lazTa episkoposebi uweseben maT mRvdelmsaxurebs~78. Tavis
mxriv, romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen `lazTa episkoposebi?
iqneb romaeli cixesimagreebis petras an fasisis episkoposebisa? VI s-Si am
berZnul (bizantiur) cixe-qalaqebSi episkoposebi rom yofiliyvnen amis
Sesaxeb uTuod mogvawvdida cnobas prokofi kesarieli, romelmac sagangebo
naSromi miuZRvna petrasTan omebis aRweras. prokofi kesarielis monacemebidan
Cans, rom lazebis mRvdelmTavari `kaTalikosia~ - `qristianTa mRvdel-
mTavarsac kaTalikoss uwodeben, elinTa eniT, radgan es erTi ganagebs yvela
iqaur soflebs~79. ai vis iurisdiqciaSi arian `lazebis episkoposebi~, maTi
pirvelierarqi kaTalikosia, rogorc Cvens mier aris gamokvleuli, es iyo
mcxeTeli kaTalikosi.
maSasadame, sabolood unda davaskvnaT: dasavleT saqarTvelos
qristianebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qristianebTan erTad qmnidnen erT
eklesias. am eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari emTxveoda `qarTlis samefos~
saxelmwifoebriv sazRvars, jer mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi da Semdeg
kaTalikosi qarTlis samefos yvela qristianis pirvelierarqi iyo (amitomacaa
prokofis cnobiT dasavlel qarTvel `qristianTa mRvdelmTavari
kaTalikosi~), dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxeTeli kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi
Sediodnen `lazTa episkoposebi~, radganac mcxeTeli kaTalikosis
iurisdiqciaSi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ramdenime aTeuli episkoposi
imyofeboda, unda vifiqroT, rom lazTa episkoposebis ricxvi mcire ar unda
yofiliyo), amitom VI s bolosaTvis (da VII s. dasawyisSi) kirioni iwodeboda
`egrisis arqiepiskoposad~. cxadia, rogor dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi aseTi viTarebis dros saeklesio ena qarTuli iyo. viTareba
icvleba VII s. 20-30-iani wlebidan herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, magram imis
Semdeg rac dasavleT saqarTveloSi aRsdga qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba,
afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis Semdeg, TandaTanobiT saqarTvelos Savi
zRvispireTis saepiskoposebi daubrundnen deda qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs. ase,
rom VII msoflio krebaSi monawile episkoposi qristefore marTlac SesaZloa
fasisidan trapizuntSi iyo gadasuli da berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi
imyofeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom prokofis mier naxsenebma lazTa
episkoposebma daudes safuZveli Semdegdroindel Wyondidisa Tu quTaisis
saepiskoposoebs, xolo fasiseli episkoposi trapezuntSi gadavida da
Sesabamisi titulic miiRo. Y

9. qarTveli episkoposebi ferara-florenciis krebaze (1438)

meTerTmete saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyali-bebisTanave,

saqarTvelos patriarqs msoflio diptixSi eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi
patriarqis Semdeg.
marTalia, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebul diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs eWira
meeqvse adgili, magram scnobdnen Tu ara amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi,
aRiarebdnen Tu ara isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? Cven
dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi, ise aRmosavleTis oTxi
patriarqi scnobdnen iberiis eklesias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis
sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis
diptixi. am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili romis,
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis saydrebis
Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am
krebaze sagangebo yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom cnobili rusi
kanonistebis cnobiT, florenciis krebam 1438 wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi
daadgina: `konstantinopolis patriarqi iqneba meore romis papis Semdeg,
aleqsandrieli mesame. Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe –
80
ierusalimeli...~ .
marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor unda
ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis,
aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram, saerTod, eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa)
adgilebis ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili
dadgenilebiTac Cans.
qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am warmomadgenlobiT
krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da
florenciaSi gagrZelebul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs
Sexvdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqtebsac
aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, `Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda
iberiis mitropoliti~81.
`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxares mexuTe adgilze
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis
Semdeg. `pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli.… patriarqis
Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis msoflio
warmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli
iberiis mitropoliti~82.
krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: centridan Tanabar
manZilze idga ori taxti – romis imperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa.
sasuliero pirebi ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares
isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadidebelTa
warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi
saxisa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga – 1. konstantinopolis
patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomas ar eswreboda); 2. aleqsandriis
patriarqis warmomadgeneli – arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis
warmomadgeneli – arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli –
arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia – `mefis~) warmomadgeneli
– mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli
episkoposebi.
`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ... sasuliero pirebis
ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis
savarZeli (patriarqi SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ...
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen – herakliis arqiepiskoposi,
romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili
ekava; antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesos arqiepiskoposi;
ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis
mefis warmomadgeneli – iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen
trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis ... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi ... berebi,
TavianTi wesis mixedviT~83.
florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgeneli sasuliero
pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve
`wesis~ mixedviT isxdnen.
 ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis
meeqvse adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo qarTuli eklesiis mexuTe
adgili marTlmadi-debelTa rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis
papis, aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosavleTis
patriarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze
mniSvnelovan krebaze, romelic viTomda eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda
miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTis qristianebi erTmaneTs ar
daupirispirdebodnen iberiis eklesiis adgilis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis
adgili diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitom man am `msoflio~ krebaze
yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daiWira.
XV saukunis I naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-florenciis krebaze,
aseTia: 1. romis papi; 2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi; 3.
aleqsandriis; 4. antioqiis; 5. ierusalimis; 6. iberiis; 7. trapezuntis; 8. rizes;
9. nikeis; 10. lakedemoniis; 11. nikomediis; 12. trivoniis; 13. amasiis; 14.
mitilenis; 15. tolozinis; 16. stavropolis; 17. tunisis; 18. garinis; 19.
melentinis; 20. aqilis; 21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi84.
marTalia, am krebaze aRniSnuli rigiT isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi, magram
maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad miiCeoda mxolod xuTi eklesia:
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitom
am avtokefalur eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT
gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis monawileTa pirvel
rigSi; xolo iberiis mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris
mandati hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda85.
aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. rogorc cnobilia,
sazogadod iqamde da SemsgomSic marTlmadidebluri diptixidan amoiRes
romis papis moxsenieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul me-6 adgilze. kerZod, marTalia,
marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi
adgili warmoSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram male
vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva
sapatriarqoTa gadawyvetilebiT.
ferara-florenciis krebis Semdeg `konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi
sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlel patriarqebTan erTad scno rusuli
eklesiis damoukidebeli arseboba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri
rusuli mitropolia Tavisi RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, ese
igi mexuTe adgilobriv marTlmadideblur eklesiaTa diptixSi~86.
aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg
eWira, amis Semdeg ki man VI adgili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).
1589 wels, ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg, misma patriarqma
diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra
moskovis sapatriarqos mdgomareoba, mas mieca ufro maRali adgili, vidre
maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefaluri da TviTmmarTveli eklesiebisa
– arxidiisas, kviprosisas, iveriisas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis
patriarqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mxolod
ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom krebis mamebma
Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmida mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~87.
 ioane bagrations Tavis TxzulebaSi `kalmasoba~ daculi aqvs cnobebi
ferara-florenciis krebaze damswre qarTvel episkoposTa Sesaxeb. misi
cnobiT, saqarTvelodan krebaze damswre axtalel episkopos danielsa da
Tavad nikoloz CerqeziSvils xeli ar mouweriaT krebis dadgenilebaze,
`xolo imereTis episkoposman iakob Semoqmedelman moawera xeli~88. saerTod,
ioane batoniSvilis azriT, saberZneTidan da ruseTidan Casul samRvdeloebas
xeli mouweria krebis aqtebisaTvis: `moaweres xeli berZenTa da rusTa, garna
antioxiisa patriarxman ara moawera xeli, arca qarTvelma episkoposman
axtalisaman danielman...~83. Tumca ki krebis damTavrebis Semdeg ukan
dabrunebul berZnebs (imperatorsa da patriarqs da sxvebs) uaruyviaT am
krebis dadgenilebani. axtalis saepiskoposo kaTedra erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi iyo qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi, mdebareobda qvemo qarTlSi
(amJamad somxeTis sazRvrebSia), xolo `imerTa episkoposi iakobi~, albaT,
Semoqmedeli episkoposi afxazeTis (`qvemo iveriis~) sakaTalikosodan iyo
gagzavnili ferar-florenciis krebaze. iberiis mefes Tavis saxelmwifoSi
Semavali orive saeklesio erTeulis warmomadgenlebi miuvlenia krebaze.
ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba cxadia, ar iyo `msoflio saeklesio
kreba~, magram am krebas gaaCnda saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba, imiT, rom mas
eswrebodnen TviT msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, bizantiis
saimperatoro karis upirvelesi pirebi, yvela marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos
warmomadgeneli mRvdelmTavrebi, msoflios sxva marTlmadidebeli, maT
Soris, rusuli eklesiis delegatebi. saqarTvelos eklesia am krebaze
daayenes sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi. marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa rigSi
(diptixSi) misi warmomadgeneli daayenes mexuTe adgilze, mxolod am mxriv
aris es, anu ferara-florenciis kreba CvenTvis saintereso da araviTar
SemTxvevaSi mas `msoflio kreba~ ar ewodeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva wyaroTa miTiTebiT, krebaze wargzavnili iyvnen
episkoposebi saqarTvelos sxva kaTedrebidan89. kerZod, vaxuStis cnobiT, am
krebaze damswre qarTveli episkoposis saxeli sofroni yofila, xolo TviT
kreba saqarTvelos mefe aleqsandre didis dros Catarebula90

daskvna

naSromSi Seswavlilia msoflio saeklesio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis

krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT. Seicavs 9 paragrafs. pirvelSi
ganxilulia 325 wels nikeaSi Semdgari I msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelSic
ori qarTveli episkoposi monawileobda – biWvinTeli stratofile da
trapizunteli domnusi. meore msoflio saeklesio krebis (381 w.) kanonebs
episkoposma pantofile iberielma moawera xeli, mesame msoflio saelesio
krebis (431 w.) suliskveTebis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobda qarTveli e.w.
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposi ieremia. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio
krebas eswrebodnen sebastopolis episkoposi da trapezunteli episkoposi
atarve. calke paragrafi eZRvneba cnobis ganxilvas V msoflio (553 w.) krebis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen Tu ara petras episkoposi ioane da agreTve
faziseli da sebastopoleli episkoposebi. paragrafi gamowvlilviT
aanalizebs wyaroTa cnobebs, sadac gamokvleulia, rom dasavleT
saqarTvelos `lazTa episkoposebi~ Sediodnen prokofi kesarielis mier
moxseniebul im `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, romelsac saerTod aqauri
qristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen. es kaTalikosi ki mcxeTeli pirvelierarqia.
maSasadame, aRniSnul dros dasavleTi saqarTvelos e.w. `sofluri~ adgilebi
qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen, mxolod zRvispira ramdenime
berZnul-romauli cixe-simagre (qalaqi) ar Sedioda mis iurisdiqciaSi.
mxolod 620-30-iani wlebidan, mas Semdeg, rac sparseTSi molaSqre herakle
keisarma qarTlis samefos Camoacila zRvispira teritoriebi (klarjeTis
bolodan vidre mdinare klisuramde), konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
sabolood ganaxorciela Tavisi iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos am
zRvispira miwa-wyalze. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT VI msoflio saklesio
krebam (681 w.) aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali, maT Soris sapatriarqo
eklesiad wodebis ufleba, rom `iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa
Tana~, rom `wmida eklesia saqarTveloisa, romelic aris wmida mcxeTa, iyos
swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani~. aseve
ganusazRvravs qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. am sakiTxis rkvevas
eZRvneba calke paragrafi. miCneulia, rom, radganac, imJamad somxeTsa da
albaneTis kaTalikosebsac gaaCndaT patriarqis wodeba, aseTi wodeba
qarTuli eklesiis meTaursac unda hqonoda. `did sjuliskanonSi~ Semaval e.w.
`gumbadis~ anu trulis saeklesio krebas (691 w.) xels aweren foTis (fasisis)
episkoposi Teodore da petronis (cixisZiris) episkoposi ioane. am sakiTxs
Seiswavlis calke paragrafi. calke paragrafiT SeviswavleT qarTveli
episkoposebis monawileoba VII msoflio wmida saeklesio krebaze (787), mis
dadgenilebas xeli moawera fazisel-trapizuntelma episkoposma qristeforem.
calke paragrafi ixilavs qarTveli episkoposebis monawileobas ferara-
florenciis krebaze (1438 w.). am krebas, romelic iyo ara `msoflio kreba~,
aramed kreba, romelSic monawileobdnen konstantinopolis, antioqiis,
ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi da sxva marTlmadidebeli adgilobrivi
eklesiebi, maT Soris ruseTisa. am krebis gadawyvetilebebs qarTuli eklesiis
ificialurma delegaciam krebazeve ar moawera xeli. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT
am krebaSi monawileobdnen qarTlis sakaTalikosodan axtaleli episkoposi
danieli, xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikosodan Semoqmedeli episkoposi iakobi.
gamokvlevidan naTlad Cans, rom I msoflio krebidanve saqarTvelos
eklesias umWidroesi kavSiri hqonda msoflio eklesiasTan da Tavisi
warmomadgeneli episkoposebis saSualebiT monawileobda msoflio saeklesio
samarTlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi.

ВСЕЛЕНСКИЕ ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ С УЧАСТИЕМ

ГРУЗИНСКИХ ЕПИСКОПОВ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

В работе рассмотрены Вселенские и имеющие международное значение церковные Соборы

с участием грузинских епископов. Включает в себя 9 параграфов. В первом из них рассмотрено
I Вселенский Собор, состоявшееся в 325 году в Никее, в котором участвовали два грузинских
епископа Стратофил Пицундский и Домнус Трапезунтский. Каноны Второго Вселенского
Собора (381 г.) были подписаны Пантофилием Иберийским. В формировании духа Третьего
Вселенского Собора (431 г.) участвовал епископ т.н. “персидской части” Картли Иеремия. На IV
Вселенском Соборе присутствовали епископы Себастопольский и Атарве Трапезунтский.
Отдельный параграф посвящен рассмотрению вопрсоа об участии в V Вселенском Соборе
(553 г.) епископа Иоанна Петронского. В параграфе подробно проанализированы источники,
исходя из которых следует, что “Лазские епископы” Западной Грузии входили в юрисдикцию
указанного Прокофием Кесарийским “каталикоса”, которому подчинялись древние христиане
Западной Грузии вообще. т.н. “сельские” местности Западной Грузии, кроме нескольких греко-
римских крепостей (городов) побережья, в этот период попадали под юрисдикцию католикоса
Картли.
И лишь с 620-630 г.г. Император Византии Геракл во время похода в Персию отнял из
Картлийского царства причерноморские территории (от Кларджети до реки Клисура) и
патриархия, Константинополя, окончательно распространила свою юрисдикцию на эти земли
Западной Грузии. Согласно грузинским историческим источникам, VI Собор (681 г.) признало
многие права грузинской церкви, а именно “каталикос Картли уравнивается с патриархами”,
“святая церковь Грузии, Мцхета, признана уравненной со святыми апостольскими церквами”.
Также были определены пределы юрисдикции грузинской церкви. Этот вопрос рассмотрен в
отдельном параграфе. Признано, что т.к. в те времена каталикосы Армении и Албании имели
звание патриархов, и руководитель грузинской церкви должен был иметь такоиже титул. т.н.
«Трулскии» Собор (691 г.) подписано епископом Теодором Потийским (Фазиским) и епископом
Иоанном Петронским (Цихисдзирским). Этот вопрос рассмотрен в отдельном параграфе. В VII
(787) в Соборе участвовал фасиский (трапезунский) Христофор. Еще один параграф посвящен
участию грузинских епископов в собрании Ферары-Флоренции (1438 г.). На этом собрании,
которое было не всемирным, но при участии патриархий Константинополя, Антиохии,
Иерусалима и других правосланых поместные церквей были приняты решения, которые
грузинская официальная делегация не подписала. Согласно грузинским источникам, в этом
собрании участвовали от Картли епископ Даниэль Ахтальский, и от Каталикосата Абхазии
епископ Яков Шемокмедский.
Исследование подтверждает, что с I-го же Вселенского Собора грузинская церковь имела
теснейшие связи со всемирной церковью и посредством своих представителей участвовала в
создании и разработке Вселенского Церковного права.

Metropolitan Anania Japaridze

GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS

Basic Conclusion

The work considers the Ecumenical Councils and the other ones having an international
importance, in which Bishops from Georgia were participated. The work consists of 9 chapters.
The first chapter describes the I Ecumenical Council held in Nikea in 325 a.d., in which two
Georgian bishops – Stratophyl from Pitsunda and Domnus from Trapezund were participated. The
canons of II Ecumenical Council (381 a.d.) were signed by the Iberian bishop Pantophiler. In formation
of a sprint of III Ecumenical Council (431 a.d.) the bishop Ieremia of a so called “Persian part” of
Kartli took part. Bishop of Sebastopol and Bishop of Atarve were the participants of IV Ecumenical
Council.
A separate chapter of the Work is devoted to consideration of an issue related to participation of
the bishop Ioane from petra in the V Ecumenical Council and the bishops from Phazisi and Sebastopol.
The Chapter provides a detal analysis of historical chronicles and sources, from which it becomes clear
that the “lazi Bishops” from Western Georgia were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Catholikos
from Mtskheta, mentioned by Prokophi from Kessaria. In tat times the so called “settlements” of
Western Georgia, excluding some forts (towns) of Rome-Greece origin located at the seashore of the
Black Sea were also under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of Kartli. Beginning from 620-30 a.d. as a
result of military campaign of Byzantian Emperor Heraclus to Persia, when the emperor has
subordinated to his jurisdiction a part of the territory of Kartli (from Klarjeti to the river of Kelasuri),
the Patriarchy of Konstantinopolis has finally covered under its jurisdiction these lands of Wstern
Georgia.
According to Georgian sources, VI Economical (681 a.d.) confirmed many rights of Georgian
Church, including the right to name itself as the Church of the patriarch and the right of Catholicos of
Kartli to be “equal with Patriarch” and “acknowledge the holly spirit of Georgian Church of Mtskheta
equally with the catholic Churches”. VI Ecumenical Council has also determined the boundaries of
jurisdiction of Georgian Church. A separated chapter is devoted to the study of this matter. It has been
proved that while the Catholicoses of Armenia and Albania had a title of Patriarch, the same title,
obviously, was granted to Georgian Patriarch, as well. The Georgian Nomokanon says the “Church
Canons” of so called Trule Council (691 a.d.) were signed by the bishop Teodor from Poti (Phazisi)
and Bishop Ioane from Tsikhisdziari.
This matter is provided in a separate of the Work.
A separate chapter is devoted also to VII Ecumenical Council (787 a.d.) the resolution of which
was signed by bishop Christopore of Phazisi and Trapezund.
A separate chapter describes a participation of Georgian Bishops in Ferrera-Phlorenzia Council
(1481 a.d.). The latter was not called a Ecumenical Council. It was a one in which the bishops from
Konstantinopolis, Antiokia, Jerusalem and other orthodox churches, including the Russian Church,
were taking part. Resolution of this Council was not signed by Georgian delegation at all. According to
Georgian Chronicles, the Council was attended by the Bishop Daniel from Akhtala, who represented
Kartli and the Bishop Iaacob from Shemokmedi, Abkhazeti.
The researches and studies performed within the frames of the present Work illustrates clearly that
beginning from I Ecumenical Council the Georgian Church had established close contacts with the
international ecclesiastical society through its representatives, participating in elaboration and
formation of the international Church Canons.

Sinaarsi

saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi

Sesavali 5
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizacia
da saeklesio istoriografia 7
saeklesio samarTlis werilobiTi wyaroebi 32
1. episkoposTa Sekrebani wmida mefeTa mirianisa
da vaxtang gorgaslis dros (IV-V ss) 34
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506) 40
3. mcxeTis krebebi (VII s.) 52
4. antioqiis I saeklesio kreba (VIII s. 50-iani wlebi) 54
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi) 75
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi) 86
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (1046) 98
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057) 106
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (1058) 130
[sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar da mijnaZorel
 mamebisadmi, teqsti]
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178 w.) 138
[sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi,
teqsti]
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185 w.) 145
12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa
da Tamaris karze 159
13. anisis Sekreba (1218) 164
[dawerili etifane kaTalikozisa anel
xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi) 169
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis
Seuvalobis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263) 173
[moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa
mefisadmi, teqsti]
16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453) 186
17. samTavros saeklesio Sekreba (1459) 190
18. svaneTis saeklesio krebebi (XIII-XVIII) 192
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, Teimurazisa
da erekles karze 196
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba 203
21. Tbilisis IV saeklesio kreba (1764) 231
[krebis ganCineba, teqsti]
daskvna 239
ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ ГРУЗИИ (ТЕКУШИЕ СОБОРЫ)
ОСНОВНЫЕ ВЫВОДЫ 254
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA 255

msoflio saeklesio krebebi

qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
Sesavali 256
1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msoflio krebaze 257
2. qarTuli eklesiis warmomadgeneli II msoflio
krebaze 260
3. qarTveli episkoposi III msoflio krebis
muSaobaSi 262
4. saqarTvelos episkoposebi IV msoflio krebaze 263
5. cnoba V krebis muSaobaSi saqarTvelos
episkoposis monawileobis Sesaxeb 265
6. VI msoflio krebis mier saqarTvelos
eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba 273
7. 691 wlis `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi
dasavleT
saqarTvelodan 277
8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msoflio krebaze 281
9 ferara-florenciis kreba 290
daskvna 295
ВСЕЛЕНСКИЕ ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ С УЧАСТИЕМ
ГРУЗИНСКИХ ЕПИСКОПОВ - ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ 297
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS 299

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis II tomis dasasruli