Manual of English For Marine Engineers

О.Л. Нікуліна, Г.Б. Кравець, Л.О.
Коломійченко,
Т.І. Бугаенко, В.В. Коблік, Г.О. Гринчук
Manual of English for Marine Engineers

(Mechanical Systems)
ЗБІРНИК ВПРАВ
E.L. Nikoulina, H.B. Kravets, L.O. Kolomiichenko,

T.I. Bugaenko, V.V. Koblik, H.O. Hrynchuk
Workbook “Manual of English for Marine Engineers”

Одеса 2019
0
Міністерство освіти і науки України
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ «ОДЕСЬКА МОРСЬКА АКАДЕМІЯ»
Кафедра англійської мови №3
MANUAL OF ENGLISH FOR MARINE ENGINEERS

ЗБІРНИК ВПРАВ
Затверджено кафедрою англійської

мови №3 як збірник вправ з
навчальної дисципліни «Англійська
мова за професійним спрямуванням»
спеціальності 271 «Річковий та
морський транспорт» від 19 березня
2019., протокол №12
Одеса – 2019
1
УДК 629.5.064 (075.8)(038)
Укладачі О.Л. Нікуліна, Г.Б. Кравець, Л.О. Коломійченко,

Т.І. Бугаєнко, В.В. Коблік, Г.В. Гринчук
MANUAL OF ENGLISH FOR MARINE ENGINEERS (MECHANICAL

SYSTEMS)
[Текст]: збірник вправ /Укл. О.Л. Нікуліна, Г.Б. Кравець, Л.О. Коломійченко,
Т.І. Бугаєнко, В.В. Коблік, Г.В. Гринчук – Одеса: НУ «ОМА», 2019 – 86 с.
УДК 629.5.064 (075.8)(038)
2
Contents:
1. Preface
2. III.I. A Plant Components p.5
3. III.I.B. Steam Systems p.7
4. III.I.C. Condensate and Feed Systems p.10
5. III.I.D. Fuel Oil System p.12
6. III.I.E. Main Lubricating Oil System p.14
7. III.I.F. Water Tube Boiler p.16
8. III.I.G. Main and Auxiliary Turbines p.18
9. III.I.H. Turbine Construction p.21
10.IV.I.A. Structural Parts of a Diesel Engine p.24
11.IV.I.B. Moving Parts p.28
12.IV.I.C. Engine Air Systems p.32
13.IV.I.E. Engine Cooling System p.35
14.IV.I.F. Fuel Systems p.38
15.IV.I.H. Ordering Bunkers p.42
16.IV.I.I. Lubricating Oil Systems p.46
17.IV.I.J. Lubricating Oils and Additives p.49
18.V.I.A. Ship’s Piping Systems p.52
19.V.I.B. Marine Pumps p.55
20.V.I.C. Refrigerating Plant p.58
21.V.I.D. Steering Gears p.62
22.V.I.E. Deck Machinery p.66
23.VI.I.A. Buying Ship Supplies p.70
24.VI.I.B. Buying Ship Supplies p.72
25.VI.I.C. Buying Ship Supplies p.74
26.VII.A.B. Repairs p.77
27.IX.I.A. Paris Memorandum of Understanding p.82
28.IX.I.B. Port State Control p.85
3
Передмова
Даний збірник вправ (WB) націлений на формування та оволодіння
мовними та мовленневими навичками та складається з завдань та вправ, що
будуються на текстах посібника О.С.Богомолова «Английский язык для
судовых инженеров» (SB ). Обидва – даний збірник (WB ) та текстовий
посібник (SB ) – орієнтовані на курсантів 3-5-го курсів СМФ та ФА. У даному
збірнику розроблено завдання та вправи на базі нижче приведеної тематики
(збережено оригінальну нумерацію за (SB):
29.III.I.A. Plant Components
30.III.I.B. Steam Systems
31.III.I.C. Condensate and Feed Systems
Всього 28 тем.
Різні професіонально орієнтовані теми відрізняються об’ємом та
наповненням щодо представленого матеріалу, тому вони включають різного
плану завдання та вправи, основні з яких є такими: зіставлення двомовних
словарних включень, граматичні вправи, переклад, пояснення термінів,
формування питань і т.д.
Автори сподіваються, що публікація буде доречною та задовільнить
попит курсантів та студентів морських вузів в опануванні професійною
термінологією та отриманні практичних мовних та мовленнєвих навичок, що
знадобляться при вирішуванні комунікативних професійних ситуацій в
мультинаціональних екіпажах.
Preface
The following publication (WB) is aimed at developing and training “use of
language skills” and comprises a set of language and speech tasks and exercises
based on the book by O.S.Bogomolov “Manual of English for marine mechanical
engineers”(SB). Both the textbook and the given workbook are oriented toward 3 rd
and 4th year students of engineering and automation faculties. The given Workbook
presents the tasks and exercises based on the following topics from the SB: (the
original numeration is observed):
III.I.A. Plant Components
III.I.B. Steam Systems
III.I.C. Condensate and Feed Systems
Altogether 28 topics.
Different professional topics are more or less bulky as for the volume of the
materials presented, so they contain different sets of tasks and exercises, main of
which are: vocabulary matching; grammar ; translation; terms explanation; asking
questions; etc.
The book will hopefully meet the urgent demand of maritime cadets and
students to master professional terminology and to acquire speaking practical skills,
conversing, communicating professional topics in multinational crews.
4
III.1.A Plant Components
1. Match the words that go together and translate them.
1. propulsion a. equipment
2. reduction b. space
3. engine c. tank
4. recent d. machinery
5. machinery e. engines
6. main f. gears
7. feed g. rooms
8. engineering h. design
2. Make these sentences passive.
1.The propulsion machinery on a steam-driven ship includes the boilers, the
propulsion turbines, the condensers, the reduction gears and the pumps.
2. They locate turbo-generators auxiliary condensers in the propulsion machinery
spaces.
3. They arrange the propulsion machinery spaces in several ways.
4. Each machinery space contains both boilers and the main engines.
3. Put the words in the right order.

1. ship, units, What, propulsion, steam-driven, are, of, the, a, machinery?
2. function, components, is, the, the, auxiliary, What, machinery, of?
3. call, for, arrangement, boilers, What, turbines, do, operating, the, or, we?
4. rooms, some, and, ships, fire, engine, rooms, have.
4. Translate into English.

1. Пропульсивна установка на пароплавах включає в себе котли, головні
турбіни, опріснювачі, редукторні передачі, насоси, вентилятори,
деаераційні танки живильної води і інші компоненти допоміжних
механізмів, які обслуговують основні рухові установки.
2. Турбогенератори і допоміжні опріснювачі зазвичай розташовані в
пропульсивній установці.
5. Try to explain the function of:
 Pump
 Boiler
 Blower
 Condenser
 Reduction gear
5
6. Put as many questions to the sentences as you can.
1. Turbo-generators and auxiliary condensers are usually located in the
propulsion machinery spaces.
2. The propulsion machinery spaces may be arranged in several ways.
3. Many large ships of recent design have spaces, which are called machinery
spaces.
6
III. 1.B. Steam Systems

1. superheated a. sealing
2. steam b. valve
3. gland c. leakage
4. soot d. steam
5. depending e. operation
6. throttle f. blowers
7. air g. turbine
8. distilling h. upon
9. astern i. chest
10. ahead j. plants

1. Main steam system includes the piping, which carries superheated steam from
the boilers to the propulsion turbines, the turbo-generators, and the soot blowers.
2. Auxiliary steam system supplies saturated steam at the pressures and
temperatures required for the operation of many systems and units of machinery.
3. The Auxiliary Exhaust system receives exhaust steam from pumps, namely feed
pumps.
4. They use auxiliary exhaust steam in various units.

1. used, gland, system, is, for, What, sealing, the?
2. does, low, from, turbine, Where, go, pressure, steam?
3. through, steam, single-furnace, having, superheater, goes, on, the, ships, all,
boilers.
4. strainer, superheater, through, valve, the, stop, the, passes, through, steam, a,
steam, and.

1. На багатьох судах система головного пару включає в себе тільки
систему трубопроводів, яка переносить перегрітий пар з котлів в головні
турбіни, турбогенератори і обдувальні вентилятори.
2. Для здійснення ходу «вперед» перегрітий пар проходить через
головний паровий фільтр, стопорний клапан і дросельний клапан перед
потраплянням в турбіну високого тиску.
7
3. Повітряні компресори, гудки і сирени, змійовики парового
опалення, повітряні ежектори, котельні вентилятори і насоси притаманні
системам і механізмам, які використовують допоміжний пар на
більшості пароплавів.
4. Допоміжна випускна система отримує випускний пар з насосів, а
саме поживних насосів, і інших допоміжних механізмів, які не
випускають пар прямо в дистилятор.
5. Ущільнюючий пар подається в сальникові ущільнення валу
головних турбін і турбогенераторних турбін, щоб захистити сальникове
ущільнення валу від двох видів витікань: витік повітря в корпус турбіни
і витік пару з корпусу турбіни.
5. Ask as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

1. On some modern ships, the main steam system is more complex because
more units use superheated steam.
2. Gland sealing steam is supplied to the shaft packing glands of propulsion
turbines to seal the shaft glands against two kinds of leakage: air leakage into
the turbine casings, and steam leakage out of the turbine casing
3. From the high-pressure turbine the steam passes through a cross-over
pipe to the low pressure turbine, then it exhausts to the condenser.
6. Fill in the preposition

(through/ on/ in/ to / at/ about/ of/ from/ for/ upon)
1. ______ astern operation, the superheated steam passes _______ the steam
strainer and _______ a stop valve, then it goes _____ the steam chest ____
the astern turbine, which is located _____ one end ____ the pressure turbine.
2. Auxiliary Steam Systems supply saturated steam ____ the pressures and
temperatures required ____ the operation ___ many systems and units ___
machinery.
3. ____ ships having single-furnace boilers, all steam goes _____ the superheater
and the steam which is required ____ auxiliary steam systems, is then
desuperheated.
4. The pressure ___ the auxiliary system is maintained ___ 15 psig.
5. Pressures ___ the gland seal system are low, ranging ____ ____ ¾ psig ___ 2
psig, depending ____ the conditions ___ operation.
8
9
III.1.C. Condensate and Feed Systems
1. high a. systems
2. inches of b. pump
3. remove c. condition
4. auxiliary d. exchanger
5. standby e. velocity
6. condensate f. mercury
7. feed g. air
8. heat h. condensers
1. Match the words that go together and translate them into Russian.

1. The condensate and feed systems include all the piping.
2. The condensate system includes the main and auxiliary condensers,
pumps and piping.
3. The water collects at the bottom of the condenser.
4. The condensate pump pumps the condensate from the condenser.
5. They use two condensate pumps for each condenser.

1. condensate, the, condensers, piping, and, the, system, main, and, auxiliary,
includes, pumps.
2. heat, condenser, is, a, exchanger, Why, the, called?
3. systems, do, begin, and, the, Where, feed, condensate?
4. kept, under, condition, one, is, conditions, other, standby, is, pump, in, use, in,
the, normal.
5. feed, at, boiler, condensate, the, the, economizer, end, of, and, systems, the.
4. TranslateintoEnglish.
1.Конденсатна система і система живлення включає в себе всі системи
трубопроводів, які переносять воду з опріснювача до котлів і з танка
живильної води д окотлів.
2. Як правило, два конденсатних насоса використовуються для кожного
опріснювача; при звичайних умовах один насос працює, а інші
знаходяться в резерві.
3Пар входить у верхню частину опріснювача і вода (тепер звана
конденсатом) збирається на дні опріснювача, під трубами..
4. Функція повітряного ежектора полягає у видаленні повітря та інших
неконденсованих газів з опріснювача.
10
5. Потік через повітряний ежектор підтримується струменем
високошвидкісного пара, що проходить через сопло.

1. The boiler feed system includes the main feed pump, and the piping required to
carry water from deaerating feed tank to the boiler.
2. The main condenser is a heat exchanger in which exhaust steam is condensed
as it comes in contact with tubes through which cool seawater is flowing.
3. Together, the condensate and feed systems begin at the condenser and end at
the economizer of the boiler.
4. The condensate pump pumps the condensate from the condenser to the
deaerating feed tank.
11
III.1.D. Fuel Oil Systems
1. Match the words that go together and translate them into Russian.
1. forward a. connections
2. suction b. piping
3. burner c. oil
4. deliver d. tanks
5. fuel oil e. side
6. transfer f. tanks
7. cross g. mains
8. service h. manifolds

1. Boiler fuel oil systems on board ship include oil tanks, fuel oil piping, fuel oil
pumps and other equipment.
2. They use the filling and transfer system for receiving fuel oil.
3. Booster and transfer pumps can transfer oil from one tank to another.
3. Fill in the preposition.

(to/ for/ between/ of/ by/ from)
1. The filling and transfer system is used ___ changing the list of the ship by
transferring fuel oil _____ forward tanks and after tanks.
2. The fuel oil service system consists ___ a service main, manifold, fuel oil
service pumps and other equipment.
3. Manifolds are arranged so that the booster and transfer pumps can transfer oil
___ one tank ___ another.
4. They can deliver oil ___ the suction side ___ the fuel service pump.
4. TranslateintoEnglish.
1. Система прийому і перекачування палива використовується для прийому
палива і наповнення танків для зберігання палива, витратних танків.
2. Крен судна можна змінити шляхом перекачування палива між танками
лівого і правого борту.
3.Посадку судна можна змінити шляхом перекачування палива між носовим і
кормовим танками.
4. Система паливних трубопроводів включає в себе систему прийому та
перекачування палива, і систему подачі палива до форсунок котлів.
5. Підкачуючий і перекачуючий насоси можуть перекачувати паливо з
одного танка в інший і в разі необхідності можуть доставити паливо на
сторону всмоктування паливного насоса.
12
5. Open the brackets.
1. They (to replace) O-rings now.
2. He just (to make) an inspection of the vessel to insure that the lines are rigged.
3. The steward’s department (to be) responsible for warning the passengers about
emergency drills.
4. They always (to comply with) the established watchkeeping arrangements.
5. That oiler (to repair) damaged fuel oil line yesterday.
6. Use the Present Perfect Passive in these sentences.

1. Furnace walls are lined with refractory fire bricks.
2. Mechanical oil burners are employed for efficient atomization.
3. Rotary cup atomizers are designed with automatic ignition system.
13
III.1.E. Main Lubricating Oil Systems

1. normal a. pumps
2. reduction b. driven
3. propulsion c. speed
4. motor d. to
5. purifying e. shaft
6. quill f. to
7. displacement g. system
8. attached h. gear

1. Main lubricating oil systems on steam driven ships provide lubrication for the
turbine bearing and reduction gears.
2. The system usually includes a filling and transfer system, a purifying system
and separate service system.
3. The oilers must check the engine speed, pressures and temperatures at regular
intervals.
4. The electrician should know the basic methods of troubleshooting.

1. is, lubricating, systems, What, pump, in, type, oil, of, main?
2. turbine, which, is, lubrication, called, for, How, the, provides, the, bearings,
system?
3. Service, three, on, pumps, system, most, includes, each, oil, displacement,
lube.

1. На більшості суден кожна система змащення включає в себе три
поршневих насоса.
2. Валопріводний насос, прикріплений до гребного валу і приводимий ним у
рух, використовується в якості постійного масляного насоса, коли вал
обертається досить швидко, щоб насос міг подавати необхідний тиск
масла.
3. Турбопріводной насос використовується, коли судно йде повним ходом, а
потім служить в якості резервного при нормальній швидкості руху.
4. Електронасос служить в якості резервного для двох інших насосів.
14
5. Translate into your language.
To provide, to serve as, to be attached to, purifying system, quill shaft, standby,
required oil pressure, main lubricating oil systems.

1. The motor-driven lube oil service pump serves as standby for the other two
pumps.
2. The turbine-driven lube oil service pump is used while the ship is getting under
way.
15
III.1.F. Water Tube Boilers

1. internal a. drum
2. check b. cock
3. mud c. glasses
4. bottom d. tubes
5. gage e. piping
6. solid f. blow
7. salinometer g. valves
8. generating h. impurities

1. the, place, delivery, separation, steam, collection, drum, steam, for, and,
steam, a, water, of, and, provides, of, for.
2. the, heat, is, the, released, of, the, fuel, in, combustion.
3. within, feed, drum, is, steam, pump, the, to, water, the, distribute.
4. has, the, tubes, water, to, distribution, the, water, of, generating, drum, of,
function.

1. Паровий барабан котла забезпечує місце для поділу пару і води, збір пару
для постачання; він також надає танк для постачання води і розподілу води
в трубах.
2. Водяний барабан котла надає місце для осадження накипу або інших
твердих домішок з води для подальшого їх видалення за допомогою
нижньої продувки.
3. Різноманітні пристрої і установки для контролю роботи і забезпечення
безпеки котла і персоналу від можливих пошкоджень або травм через
неправильну експлуатацію включають в себе запобіжні клапани, оглядове
скло, зливний патрубок, ущільнення для зупинки подачі води, безповоротні
клапани, парові стопорні клапани, солемерний кран , манометри і
обдувальні вентилятори.
4. Put the sentence into the Plural.

1. The main boiler provides steam for the cargo pumps.
2. The boiler has automatic combustion and water feed.
3. A remote indicator checks the level in the water tanks.
4. A hydraulic system uses turbine oil as its working fluid.
16
5. Find the sentences used in Passive Voice in the text.
6. Fill in the missing words
(dry/ pipe/ circulate/ injury/ distribution/ maloperation/ is formed/
reservoir/ to safeguard)
1. Steam drum has the functions of providing a ________ for the water supply
and ____________ to the tubes.
2. Water drum has the function of generating tubes around which the hot gases
________________.
3. Internal piping, such as _____________ is to collect the steam which
___________________.
4. Miscellaneous appliances and fitting to control personnel from possible
damage or ____________ from __________________.
17
III.1.G. Main and Auxiliary Turbines

1. shaft a. bearing
2. excitation b. effect
3. spring c. element
4. impulse d. alley
5. axial e. jet
6. basic f. current
7. astern g. motor
8. propulsion h. turbine
9. pushing i. thrust
10. high velocity j. distinction

1. We use diaphragms between successive pressure stages in impulse turbines.
2. We may use solid forget rotors for both impulse and impulse-reaction turbines.
3. The steam causes the turbine rotor to move.
4. The spring bearing and the stern tube bearing support and hold in alignment
the propulsion shaft.

1. auxiliary, ship, and, turbines, many, machinery, Steam, used, the, driving, for,
propulsion, for, units, of, are.
2. reduction, in, speed, drive, The, electric, done, the, necessary, electrically, is.
3. bearing, in, main, space, thrust, a, machinery, The, father, shaft, aft, located, is.
4. called, an, motor, When, a, electric, propulsion, is, motor?

1. Парові турбіни використовуються для приведення в дію багатьох
допоміжних механізмів, пов'язаних з пропульсивною установкою, таких
як: маслені насоси, конденсаційні насоси, живильні насоси, циркуляційні
насоси, паливні насоси, котельний вентилятор і електричні генератори.
2. Існує два основних типи парових турбін суднових пропульсивних
установок: з турбозубчатим приводом і турбоелектричним приводом.
3. В електричному приводі необхідне зниження швидкості здійснюється
електрично - турбіна приводить в дію генератор при високих оборотах, а
генератор подає електроенергію на гребний електродвигун, який працює
в діапазоні низьких оборотів.
18
4. Основна відмінність між турбінами є спосіб, яким пар призводить ротор
турбіни в дію.
5. Пропульсивна установка включає в себе турбіну, головний генератор,
гребний електродвигун, генератор постійного струму для подачі струму
збудження на генератор і гребний мотор, і пульт управління гребною
установкою.
6. На відміну від установок з турбозубчатий приводом, у яких 2 турбіни
переднього і заднього ходу для гребного валу, установки з
турбоелектричним приводом мають одну турбіну на кожен встановлений
вал.
5. Ask general questions to the sentences.

1. The rotor carried moving blades.
2. The steam passed through the throttle valve.
3. The engine consisted of different parts.
4. The impulse of the moving blades causes rotation.
6. Fill in the missing preposition or conjunction

(between/ at/ through/ by/ and/ on/ for/ after)
1. Marine turbines operate _____ speed ranging ____ 3,000 ____ 10,000 r.p.m.
2. Main turbines drive the propellers _______ electrical transmission.
3. Some slight misalignment is permitted _____ installation.
4. This turbine is mounted _____ a solid foundation.
5. ____ propulsion turbines different couplings are used.
6. Large turbines drive the propeller ____ reduction gears.
7. Solid couplings are used ____ small units.
8. This type is known ____ the articulate gear.
7. Fill in the proper verb in the correct form

(include/ contain/ drive/ be/ have/ locate/ call)
1. These ____________ four main types of marine engine.
2. If a vessel ___________ by a steam turbine we ____________ her steam-
driven ship.
3. The propulsion machinery ___________ the boilers, the propulsion turbines,
the condensers etc.
4. Turbo-generators and auxiliary condensers ___________ in the propulsion
machinery space.
5. Some ships ________________ fire rooms and engine rooms.
6. Each machinery space ______________ both the boilers and the engines.
19
8. Name these objects.
A device used to:
1. drive many of the auxiliary machinery units;
2. transform high turbine r.p.m. to a much lower propeller shaft r.p.m.;
3. reduce the necessary speed;
4. supply excitation current to the generator and propulsion motor;
5. supply power to drive an electric propulsion motor.
20
III.1.H. Turbine Construction

1. worm a. couplings
2. overspeed b. connection
3. flexible c. valve
4. selfoiling d. steam
5. exhaust e. outlet
6. shaft f. trip
7. drain g. gear
8. incoming h. sight
9. oil flow i. type
10. relief j. glands

1. Oil lubricates the bearings on very small turbines.
2. The rings clip into the oil reservoir and carry oil around to the upper part of the
bearing shell.
3. The bottom section of the gear casing forms the oil reservoir.
4. Bearings support and keep in position turbine rotors.

1. in, together, are, flanges, bolted, the, casing, the.
2. lined, of, sleeve, shell, babbit, is, the, with, bearing, the
3. turbines, type, of, very, the, often, on, selfoiling, the small, bearing, are
4. packing, labyrinth, type, carbon, and, are, two, of, packing, used
5. wheel, turbine, of, consist, shaft, and, assemblies, rotor
6. radial, of, axial, What, the, bearings, and, functions, are, the?

1. Турбіна складається з ротора, корпуса, сопел, підшипників, валових
сальникових ущільнень, мастильних механізмів, пристроїв для контролю
швидкості турбіни, гнучких муфт і в деяких випадках редукторною
передачі.
2. У кожному корпусі є паровпускна коробка для збору пара що надходить і
випускний патрубок.
3. Інші отвори в корпусі включають спускні труби і отвір для манометра і
розвантажувальних клапанів.
4. Ротори турбіни складаються з лопастного колеса і валопровода.
21
5. Підшипники, які служать для підтримки правильного радіального зазору
між ротором і корпусом, називаються радіальними підшипниками.
6. Вкладку втулкового підшипника облицьовано бабітом (відносно м'який
метал, що складається з олова, міді, сурми і невеликої кількості
свинцю).Вкладиш підшипника утримується нерухомо всередині корпусу
за допомогою дюбеля.
7. Валові сальникові ущільнення використовуються в місцях, де вал
проходить через корпус; використовується два види ущільнення -
лабірінтовий і вугільне ущільнення.
8. Танк наповнюється через маслозаливний отвір у верхній частині корпусу
і спустошується через зливний отвір в основі корпусу.

(between/ within/ to/ on/ by)
1. The bearing sell is held stationary ______ the bearing housing ____ a dowel.
2. Many turbine-driven auxiliary units a joined ______ the turbine ______ means
of a flexible coupling.
3. It compensates very slight misalignment _____ the driving and the driven
shaft.
4. The speed-regulating governor is used ______ constant speed machines.

(overspeed trip/ reservoir/ speed-limiting governor/ rotary motion/ pressure
lubricating system/ safety device)
1. In the ____________ the bottom section of the gear casing forms the oil
_____________.
2. Reduction gears are used to transmit __________ from the driving turbine
shaft to the shaft of the driven auxiliary.
3. The ___________ shuts off the steam supply to the turbine.
4. The __________ for variable-speed units is called ________________.

1. On impulse turbines, an equalizing hole is drilled through the rotor to prevent
development of a pressure difference between the two sides.
2. These bearings have one or two rings, which hang on the turbine shaft and
revolve with it.
3. Each casing has a steam chest to receive the incoming steam, and an exhaust
connection.
8. Explain the functions of the next objects.

22
 a relief valve;
 a flexible coupling;
 a steam chest;
 a speed regulating governor
23
IV.1.A Structural parts of a diesel Engine

1. cylinder a. bolt
2. oil b. clamp
3. end c. opening
4. nut-operated d. block
5. access e. valve
6. foreign f. pan
7. combustion g. bearing
8. rocker h. plate
9. stud i. material
10. main j. chamber
11. blow down k. arm
2. Fill in the prepositions

(by/ with/ for/ from/ between/ of/ to/ on/ at/ out/ in)
1. The cylinder assembly consists____ the head, the liner, the studs and the gasket.
2. The reservoir may be called a sump or an oil pan, depending ____ its design, and it
is usually attached ___ the engine.
3. Access doors ____ the openings are secured ____ handwheel and are fitted ___
gaskets to keep dirt ___ of the engine’s interior.
4. In large engines ____ early design, the support ____ the main bearings was
provided ___ a bedplate.
5. The space ____ the combustion end ____ a cylinder is formed and sealed ___ a
cylinder head.
6. A number ____ engine parts, which are essential to engine operation, may be
found _____ or attached _____ the cylinder head.
7. The fuel injection valve is almost always _____ the cylinder head.
8. Cylinder heads may also be fitted….. air starting valves, indicator and blow down
valves, and safety valves.
9. ____ most cases, the seal ____ the cylinder head and the block depends ____ the
studs and gaskets.
10.In some engines, the oil reservoir may be located ____ some point relatively
remote ____ the engine.

24
(crankcase/ cylinder head/ combustion chambers/ moving parts/ sump/ cylinder
block/ end plates/ oil pan/ foreign material/ stud bolts/ structural parts/ cylinder
assembly/ gaskets/ engine/ access openings)
1. The main parts of an internal combustion ________ may be divided into _______
and __________.
2. The engine frame part, which supports the engine’s cylinder liners and cylinder
heads is called the _______.
3. The engine frame part, which serves as a housing for the crankshaft is called the
_________.
4. A reservoir for collecting and holding the engine’s lubricating oil may be called a
_______ or an _______.
5. _______ add rigidity to the block and provide a surface to which may be bolted
housings for gears, blowers, pumps and generators.
6. ________ permit access to the cylinder liners, main and connecting rod bearings,
injector control shafts.
7. The __________ provides a gas and liquid-tight space; it consists of the head, the
liner, the studs and the gasket.
8. The studs or _________ secure the cylinder head to the cylinder block.
9. The liners or bores must be sealed tightly to form the……
10. Access doors are fitted with ________ to keep dirt and other _______ out of the
engine’s interior.
11. The space at the combustion end of a cylinder is formed and sealed by a
________ which is a separate unit from the block.

1. You may divide the principal components of an internal combustion engine into
two principal groups – parts and systems.
2. Cylinder block supports the engine’s cylinder liners and cylinder heads.
3. In large engines of early design, a bedplate provided the support for the main
bearings.
4. End plates add rigidity to the block.
5. You must seal the liners tightly to form the combustion chamber.
6. A sump has collected the engine’s lubricating oil.
7. Access openings permit access to the cylinder liners, main and connecting rod
bearings, injector control shafts.
8. The ratings secured access doors with nut-operated clamps.
9. Gaskets keep dirt and foreign material out of the engine’s interior.
25
10. You may find a number of engine parts, which are essential to the engine
operation, in the cylinder head.
11. The studs secure the cylinder head to a cylinder block.
12. They fitted the cylinder heads of the diesel engine with safety valves.
5. Which one is different?

sump oil pan base crankcase
liner valve bore port
crankshaft shaft alley camshaft propeller shaft
equipped with linked with provided with fitted with
secured attached obtained fastened
housing casing shell bearing
6. Explain the meaning or the function of the following:

 Gasket
 Dry sump engine
 Cylinder block
 Cylinder liner
 End plates
 Access openings
 Crankcase
7. Translate into English

Двигун внутрішнього згоряння; рама / станина; картер; опорна плита; піддон /
маслозбірник; торцева плита; втулка циліндра; колінчастий вал;
прикріплювати; дистанційний (віддалений); жорсткість; поверхню; прокладка;
шпилька; напрямні клапана; сідло клапана; шатун; індикаторний кран;
форсунка; маховик; затискач;
піддон служить для збору і утримання мастила;
картер служить в якості корпусу для колінчастого вала;
маслозбірник може бути розташований на деякій відстані від двигуна;
втулки повинні бути загерметизовані (щільно закриті), щоб утворити камеру
згоряння;
станина сучасного дизеля може включати в себе блок циліндрів, опорну плиту,
маслосборнік і торцеві плити;
26
кришки циліндра дизельного двигуна забезпечені впускними клапанами,
індикаторним краном, продувальним вентилем і запобіжними клапанами.
8. Put special questions to the following sentences.

1. Access doors are fitted with gaskets to keep dirt out of the engine’s interior.
2. End plates add rigidity to the block and provide a surface to which may be bolted
housings for such parts as gears, blowers, pumps and generators.
3. Large diesel engines generally have one cylinder head for each cylinder.
4. A gasket between the head and the block is compressed to form a seal when the
head is properly tightened down.
5. Cylinder heads of a diesel engine may be fitted with air starting valves, indicator
and blow down valves.
6. In dry sump engines, the oil reservoir may be located at some point relatively
remote from the engine.
7. Since lubrication is essential for proper engine operation, a reservoir for collecting
and holding the engine’s lubricating oil is usually attached to the engine.
8. The liners or bores must be sealed tightly to form the combustion engine.
27
IV.1.B. Moving parts of a diesel engine
1. trunk-type a. bearing
2. rotating b. gear
3. two-stroke c. projections
4. escape of d. rod
5. flywheel e. contact
6. piston f. order
7. eccentric g. piston assembly
8. connecting h. motion
9. firing i. cycle
10. sleeve j. dowel
11. timing k. pin
12. sliding l. gas
2. Fill in the proper verb in the right form.

(to transfer/ to arrange/ to drive/ to stabilize/ to include/ to provide/ to aid/ to
connect/ to determine/ to withstand/ to affect/, to distribute)
1. The piston and rod assemblies ______ a piston, piston rings, piston pin,
connecting rod and related bearings.
2. The piston must ________the extreme heat and pressure of combustion.
3. The piston ______ in the sealing of the cylinder.
4. Piston rings______ lubricating oil on the cylinder wall and _______ heat
from the piston to the cylinder wall.
5. Connecting rod _____ the piston and the crankshaft or the crankshaft and
the crosshead.
6. The cams are ______ on the shaft to _______ the proper firing order of the
cylinders.
7. The shape of the cam ________ the point and speed of opening and closing.
8. All cylinders will be _____ if there is change in timing.
9. The rotating motion is required to _______ such items as reduction gears,
propeller shafts, generators, pumps, etc.
10. Flywheel _______ shaft rotation.
3. Odd one out.

28
clearing scavenging removing cleaning
shell sleeve needle bushing
cams projections camshafts campeaks
affect effect accomplish perform
timing firing sliding igniting
extinguish quench muffle put out
4. Can you explain the functions of the next objects:

 timing gear
 flywheel
 cam
 crosshead
5. Fill in the missing words.
(cams/ trunk-type/ shells/ distribution/ connecting rod/ ports/ piston
pin/ chain and sprocket/ firing order/ hubs)
1. A piston serves as a valve in opening and closing the ______ of a two-
stroke cycle engine.
2. ________ of the lubricating oil on the cylinder wall is one of the piston
rings’ functions.
3. In ______ piston assemblies, the connection between the piston and the
connecting rod is the _______.
4. The camshaft is a shaft with eccentric projections, called ______which
control the operation of valves, and provide the proper _______of the
cylinders.
5. The most common means to drive the camshaft are gears or ________.
6. _________ is the connecting link between the piston and the crankshaft or
the crankshaft and the crosshead.
7. Main bearings of the plain type consist of two _________.
8. The bearings in the _________of most pistons are of the sleeve bushing
type.

1. They made this piston in such a way that it could withstand the extreme
heat and pressure.
2. The sealing of the cylinder prevents the escape of gas.
29
3. Piston rings seal the cylinder; distribute lube oil; transfer heat from the
piston to the cylinder wall.
4. Piston pin usually connects the piston and connecting rod in trunk-type
piston assemblies.
5. Cams provide the proper firing order of the cylinders.
6. The shape of the cam determines the amount of the valve lift.
7. The change in timing will affect all the cylinders.
8. The crankshaft drives the camshaft by the gears or chain and sprocket.
9. The crankshaft changes the movement of the piston into the rotating
motion.
10.The flywheel stabilizes shaft rotation.

(from/ between/ in/ of/ from/ into/ through/ on/ by)
1. The piston must be made ______ such material that it can withstand the
extreme heat and temperature ______ combustion.
2. The piston aids _____ the sealing of the cylinder to prevent the escape ______
gas.
3. Piston rings transfer heat _____ the piston ____ cylinder wall.
4. The piston pin is the connection ____ the piston and connecting rod.
5. Cams control the operation _____ valves ____ various intermediate parts.
6. All cylinders will be affected if there is a change ____ timing.
7. The cams are arranged ____ shaft to provide the proper firing order of the
cylinders.
8. The camshaft is driven ____ the crankshaft ____ means ____ gears or chain
and sprocket.
9. The movement of the piston and the connecting rod is changed ____ the
rotating motion.
10.Some bearings remain stationary ____ performing their function.
11.Main bearings which support the crankshaft are ____ the sliding contact.
12.The integral, sleeve and needle type roller bearings are used ____ connection
____ the piston pins.
8. Put as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

1. All cylinders will be affected if there is change in timing.
2. The piston was designed and made of such materials that it could withstand the
extreme heat and pressure of combustion.
30
3. In trunk-type piston assemblies, the connection between the piston and
connecting rod is usually the piston pin.
4. Main bearings of sliding contact support the crankshaft and consist of two
shells.
5. The crankshaft changes the movement of the piston and the connecting rod into
the rotating motion required to drive such items as reduction gears, propeller
shafts, generators, pumps.
9. Translate into English:

1. Поршень виконує зворотно-поступальний рух.
2. Поршень повинен витримувати максимальний (крайнє) тепло і тиск
згоряння.
3. Поршень виступає (служить) в якості клапана при відкритті і закритті
отворів в двотактному двигуні.
4. Кільця поршня ущільнюють циліндр.
5. Поршневі кільця розподіляють і контролюють мастило на стінці
циліндра.
6. Поршневі кільця передають тепло від поршня на стінку циліндра.
7. Поршневий палець з'єднує поршень і шатун в двигунах тронкового типу.
8. Шатун з'єднує поршень і колінвал або колінвал і крейцкопф.
9. Кулачки - це ексцентричні виступи, розташовані на розподільному валу.
31
IV.1.C. Engine Air Systems
1. turbine a. gases
2. power b. cycle
3. waste c. exhaust noise
4. quench d. driven supercharger
5. intake and exhaust e. output
6. 4-stroke f. sparks
7. muffle g. systems
(into/ after/ of/ in/ to/ with/ by/ from/ for)
1. Parts and accessories supplying the cylinders ____ air for combustion are
called intake system.
2. Parts and accessories removing the waste gases ____ combustion are called
exhaust system.
3. A blower increases the flow of air ____ the cylinders.
4. An air box is attached ____ the cylinders of an engine.
5. An increase ____ air flow into the cylinders of an engine can be used to
increase power output.
6. The power of an engine is developed ____ burning of fuel.
7. Supercharging a 4-stroke cycle diesel engine requires the addition ____ a
blower ____ the intake system.
8. Exhaust system also removes solid material ____ exhaust gases.

(combustion/ exhaust system/ intake system/ supercharging/ turbine-
driven supercharger/ blower/ scavenging)
1. The _______ compresses the air and forces it into an air box.
2. ________ means clearing the cylinder of gases of combustion.
3. Each pound of fuel requires a certain amount of air for ________.
4. ________ conveys gases away from the cylinders.
5. _______ supplies the cylinders of an engine with air for combustion.
6. Supplying more air to the combustion spaces is called _________.
7. Exhaust system furnishes energy to a _________.
4. Can you explain the functions of the next objects:
32
 Blower
 Air box
 Supercharger

1. Intake system supplies the cylinders with air for combustion.
2. Exhaust system conveys gases away from the cylinders.
3. We use an increase in air flow into the cylinders to increase power output.
4. Burning of fuel develops the power of an engine.
5. They use the same blower for supercharging and scavenging.
6. An increase of power requires more fuel.
7. They installed a blower to increase the flow of air into the cylinders.
8. The blower compressed the air and forced it into an air box.
9. They attached the air box to the cylinders of an engine.
10. Exhaust system may muffle exhaust noise; it can quench sparks; it may
remove solid material from exhaust gases; it may also furnish energy to a
turbine-driven supercharger.
6. Put the words in the right order to make questions.

1. Engine, what, the, in, a, cycle, do, additional, pistons, two-stroke, function,
perform?
2. Means, camshaft, what, by, be, driven, may, the?
3. Bearing, rod, connecting, how, oil, main, does, lube, the, and, reach?
4. Directly, the, the, of, do, valves, camshaft, a, cams, control?
5. The, what, three, rings, functions, piston, are, the, of?

1. Подача більшої кількості повітря в камери згоряння називається
наддув.
2. Повітродувка стискає повітря і проштовхує його в повітряний ящик або
колектор, який оточує або прикріплений до циліндрів.
3. Очищення циліндра від газів горіння називається продувкою.
4. Оскільки потужність двигуна забезпечується горінням палива,
збільшення потужності вимагає більше палива.
5. Одна і та ж повітродувка використовується для продувки і наддуву.
6. Вихлопна система забезпечує енергію для турбонагнітача.
7. Рамові підшипники складаються з двох половинок або вкладишів.
8. Маховик - це засіб, який стабілізує обертання валу.
33
8. Put special questions to the following sentences.
1. Exhaust system conveys exhaust gases away from the cylinders after
combustion.
2. Intake system supplies the cylinders with air for combustion.
3. Solid material is removed from exhaust gases by exhaust system.
4. Supercharging a 4-stroke cycle diesel engine requires the addition of a blower
to the intake system.
34
IV.1.E. Engine Cooling Systems
1. equal a. installations
2. harmful b. operating temperatures
3. safe c. manifold
4. useful d. solution
5. antifreeze e. tank
6. marine f. results
7. water g. work
8. expansion h. asmount
(through/ in/ during/ within/ at/ by/ of/ from/ to/
into)
1. A great amount of heat is generated ____ an engine ____ operation. Combustion
produces the greater portion _____ this heat; however, compression _____ gases
______ the cylinders adds _____ the total amount _____ heat developed ____ an
engine.
2. Of the total heat supplied ____ the cylinder of an engine ____ the burning fuel,
only one-third is transformed ____ useful work.
3. The greater portion ____ the heat, which may produce harmful results, is
transferred from the engine ____ the medium of water.
4. Lubricating oil, air, and fuel are also utilized to aid ____ the cooling of the engine.
5. All methods ____ heat transfer are utilized in keeping engine parts and fluids (air,
water, fuel, and lubricating oil) ____ safe operating temperatures.
6. The cooling system may be _____ the open or closed type.
7. In the open system, the engine is cooled directly ____ salt water.
8. In the closed system, fresh water is circulated _____ the engine.
9. Design and location of parts may differ considerably _____ one engine ____
another.

(medium/ marine installations/ friction/ engine passages/ amount/
antifreeze solution/ salt water/ useful work/ damage/ expansion tanks/
combustion)
1. Combustion produces the greater portion of the heat; however,compression of
gases within the cylinders and ___________ between moving parts add to the total
amount of heat developed within an engine.
35
2. Of the total heat supplied to the cylinder of an engine by the burning fuel, only
one-third is transformed into __________; an equal ________ is lost to the
exhaust gases, and approximately 30 to 35 percent of the heat of _________ must
be removed in order to prevent ________ to engine parts.
3. The greater portion of the heat, which may produce harmful results, is transferred
from the engine through the _______ of water.
4. In the open system, the engine is cooled directly by ________.
5. In the closed system, fresh water or an __________ is circulated through the
engine.
6. In ____________, the closed system is the type commonly used.
7. The cooling system of an engine may include such parts as pumps, coolers,
___________, water manifolds, valves, ___________, piping, strainers,
connections and instruments.
4. Make these sentences Passive.

1. The cooling system of an engine includes pumps, coolers, water manifolds,
valves, expansion tanks, piping.
2. The burning fuel supplies heat to the cylinder.
3. They utilize all methods of heat transfer in keeping engine parts and fluids at safe
operating temperatures.
4. In marine installations, they commonly use closed system.
5. Some portion of heat may produce harmful results.
6. Combustion produces the greater portion of the heat.
7. Salt water cools fresh water.
5. Try to explain the function of:

 Pump
 Cooler
 Expansion tank
 Strainer
 Antifreeze solution
 Water manifold
6. Put as many questions to the sentences as you can.

1. Approximately 30 to 35 percent of the heat of combustion must be removed in
order to prevent damage to engine parts.
36
2. A great amount of heat is generated within an engine during operation.
3. Combustion produces the greater portion of the heat.
7. Put the words in the right order to form a question.

1. the combustion portion does of produce heat this greater?
2. source an just heat of is one in the it engine?
3. many of percent is how heat lost?
4. are of heat what methods the transfer?
5. may types the system be what cooling?
6. engine how is the cooled?
7. system parts does the cooling what include?
1. Велика кількість тепла генерується в двигуні під час роботи.

2.Спалювання виробляє більшу частину цього тепла.
3.Із загальної теплоти, що подається в циліндр двигуна шляхом спалювання
палива, лише третина перетворюється на корисну роботу.
4.Всі методи теплообміну використовуються для збереження деталей двигуна
та рідини (повітря, вода, паливо та мастило) при безпечних робочих
температурах.
5.Система охолодження може бути відкритого і закритого типів.
6.У відкритій системі двигун охолоджується безпосередньо солоною водою.
7.У закритій системі свіжа вода (або розчин антифризу) циркулює через двигун.
8.У морських установках є найбільш часто використовується закрита система.
37
IV.1.F. Fuel Systems

1. fuel a. connection
2. high pressure b. tank
3. fuel fill and c. facility
4. day d. readings
5. connecting e. arrangement
6. bunkering f. tank
7. flange- bolt g. injection system
8. drip h. transfer system
9. valve i. soundings
10. storage j. transfer pump
11. overflow k. tray
12. fuel transfer l. flange
13. booster m. fuel pump
14. to take n. manifold
15. meter o. pump

(under/ through/ on/ of/ by/ to/ in/ beyond/ from/ at/ with/
for)
1. The equipment used ___ board a diesel-driven ship for handling and
controlling fuel oil belongs ___ several separate systems.
2. Fuel injection system injects fuel ___ the correct point in the cycle ___all
engine speeds and loads.
3. The engineer who has the main engine ___his charge is responsible ____the
efficient operation ____ the fuel injection system.
4. On either side ____ the main deck there is a ship’s fuelling station equipped
___ one or more fill pipes.
5. One end of the flexible hose passed over ___ a fuel lighter (for example) is
connected ___ the ship’s pipe.
6. A drip pan mast be placed ___ the flange-bolt connection to collect any leaks.
7. Fuel oil is transferred ___ the hose.
8. When fuel oil is coming aboard, a specially designated rating keeps a close
watch ___ the levels in all tanks.
9. A fuel tank must never be filled ___ the 95-percent level.
10. Storage tanks are located ___ the double bottom.
11. HFO discharged ___ service pump flows ____ a strainer and fuel oil heater.
38
12. A booster pump takes suction ___ the day tank and supplies it ___ the high-
pressure fuel pumps ___ a filter.
(day tank/ sediment/ settling tank/ steam heating coils/
soundings/ fuel injection system/ connecting flange/ fuel fill and
transfer system/ impurities/ overflow arrangement/ valve manifold/
the fuel treatment system/ bunkering facility/ fuel transfer pump/
drip tray)
1. _______ atomizes fuel in the combustion chamber of each cylinder.
2. _________ receives fuel oil aboard, stores it and pumps it into the day tank.
3. A fill pipe must be terminated with a _______ of international standard.
4. The fill pipe runs from the fueling station downward to the engine room where
it is connected to a ________.
5. One end of the flexible hose passed over from a ________ (fuel barge/ fuel
lighter) is connected to the ship’s pipe.
6. A container, called “_______” is placed under the flange bolt connection to
collect any leaks.
7. Special ________ prevent a fuel tank being filled beyond 95-percent level.
8. The tanks, which are designed for HFO, are provided with ________.
9. The amount of fuel consumed in a day is transferred from a storage tank to a
_________ by means of a ________.
10. Water and ________ contained in HFO settle out to the bottom of the settling
tank.
11. __________ starts where a fuel service pump takes suction from the settling
tanks.
12. Heated HFO is centrifuged in order to remove _______ and then it is pumped
into a __________.
13. Before receiving fuel oil aboard, the person in charge of bunkering operations
must take ___________ on all fuel tanks.
4. Explain the functions of the next objects:

 Fuel injection valve
 High pressure fuel pump
 Booster pump
 Overflow arrangement
 Drip pan
 Day tank
 Settling tank
39
 Storage tank
5. Make these sentences Passive.
1. Fuel injection system performs five functions.
2. Steаm coils provide heating of HFO.
3. The third engineer transfers the fuel oil from a storage tank to settling tank
daily.
4. A fuel service pump discharges HFO.
5. A booster pump supplies fuel oil to the high-pressure fuel pumps.
6. The engine requires some quantity of fuel.
7. Fuel injection system injects fuel at the correct point in the cycle at all speeds
and loads.
8. This system atomizes fuel in the combustion chamber of each cylinder.
9. You must place a drip tray under the flange-bolt connection to collect any
leaks.
10. A specially designated rating keeps a close watch on the levels in all tanks.
11. They can slow down or stop the delivery of fuel when necessary.
12. You must never fill the fuel tank beyond the 95-percent level.
13. They centrifuge heated HFO in order to remove impurities.
14. The person in charge of bunkering operations must take meter readings on all
fuel tanks.
6. Fill in the proper verb in the correct form (Active or Passive).

(to terminate/ to provide/ to meter/ to run/ to purify/ to
maintain(2)/ to flow/ to operate/ to inject/ to equip/ to connect/ to
settle out/ to take suction)
1. Fuel injection system ________ the quantity of the fuel required by the engine.
2. Fuel _________ by this system at the rate necessary to control combustion.
3. The engineer who has main engine in his charge ________ and _______ the
fuel injection system.
4. There is a ship’s fuelling station _________ with fill pipes.
5. A fill pipe must _________ with a connecting flange of international standard.
6. The fill pipe ______ from the fuelling station to the engine room where it
________ to a valve manifold.
7. Water and sediment _________ to the bottom of the settling tank.
8. Special overflow arrangements ________ to prevent a fuel tank being filled
beyond 95-percent level.
9. A booster pump ________ from the day tank.
10.HFO _________ through a strainer and fuel oil heater.
40
11.Heated HFO ________ in order to remove impurities.
12.The person in charge of bunkering operations __________ special records.
7. Put as many questions as you can.
1. Fuel injection system meters the quantity of the fuel.
2. Fuel injection system atomizes fuel in the combustion chamber of each
cylinder.
3. Drip pan must be placed under flange-bolt connection to collect any leaks.
4. Every day the 3rd engineer transfers the amount of fuel consumed in a day from
a storage tank to a settling tank by means of a fuel transfer pump.

1.Паливна система двигуна складається з трубопроводу загальної подачі
палива, трубопроводу високого тиску і зливу.
2. Якщо для системи використовується важке паливо, його потрібно
підігріти.
3.Трубопровід, що забезпечує впорскування палива в циліндр, знаходиться
під високим пульсуючим тиском.
4. Паливопідкачуючий насос приводиться в дію електромотором.
5. Пропускний клапан розраховано на певний протитиск.
6.Кожен циліндр має власний паливний насос, що забезпечує впорскування.
7. Надмірне паливо, що подається насосом, скидається в трубопровід
переливу.
8. Незворотний клапан ізолює насос від зливного трубопроводу палива.
41
IV.1. H. Ordering Bunkers and Taking Them on

1. welcome a. instruction
2. taking b. discrepancy
3. accompany c. fuel
4. slow d. himself
5. estimated time e. leakage
6. completely f. bunkers
7. ordered g. guests
8. assign h. of arrival
9. come i. down
10. port j. visitors
11. label k. alongside
12. introduce l. samples
13. give m. consumed
14. eliminate n. the responsibility
15. bunker o. call
16. abnormal p. receipt

(of/ at/ for/ by/ to/ with/ between/ against/ throughout/ in)
1. The information transmitted ______ the agent must include the estimated time
_____ ship’s arrival _____ the fuelling port.
2. The engineer _____ charge of bunkering operations should have the required
skills _____ talking _____ English with the deliverers (suppliers) ____ all
stages of fuel transfer.
3. Fuels supplied _____ the deliverers must be suitable ____ the ship's engines.
4. Therefore, the personnel-in-charge must take samples _____ the period of fuel
transfer. 5. Each sample is to be labelled ____ the date and any other necessary
data.
6. The engineer should understand the contents ____ the bunker receipts drown up
____ English.
7. He must be able to check them _____ the actual number of metric tons ____
fuel received on board.
8. The chief engineer shall compare the quantity delivered ____ the amount shown
on the invoice prior ____ signing this document.
9. The quantity of delivered fuel must be corrected ____ temperature ____
accordance ____ the approved correction tables.
42
10. A copy ____ all receipts for fuel must be retained ____ the chief engineer.
11. There may be a discrepancy____ the amount received and the amount of fuel
shown on the invoice.
12. The amount ____ fuel shown on the invoice must be ____ accordance ____ the
quantity ____ fuel received.
3. Fill in the proper words

(samples/ discrepancy/ ship’s agent/ receipts/ arrival/
transfer/ confirmation/ seal/ fleet manager’s office/ invoice/
deliverers/ metric tons)
1. As soon as possible after a fuelling port has been designated the _________
must be notified of that.
2. ETA means the estimated time of the ship’s ________ to the fuelling port.
Two days before the scheduled arrival, the ship sends to the agent a ________
radiogram.
3. The engineer in charge of bunkering operations should have the required skills
of talking in English with the ________ at all stages of fuel _________.
4. The ________ must be retained on board until the oil from which they were
taken is completely consumed.
5. The engineer should understand the contents of the bunker _______ drown up
in English. He must be able to check them against the actual number of
_________ of fuel received on board.
6. The chief engineer shall compare the quantity of fuel delivered with the amount
shown on the _________ prior to signing this document and putting the ship's
_________ on it.
7. In case of an abnormal ________ between the amount received and the amount
shown on the invoice, the chief engineer should correct it.
8. If he doesn’t manage to do so, he shall make a full report of the circumstances to
the ___________.
4.Make these sentences Passive.

1. The ship sends to the agent a confirmation radiogram.
2. The personnel in charge must take samples throughout the period of fuel
transfer.
3. He labels each sample with necessary data.
4. The engineer in charge gives instructions and signals to the attendants.
5. He must draw up the bunker receipts.
43
6. The chief engineer should obtain the fuel specification before taking bunkers.
7. The chief engineer has to correct the discrepancy.
8. He shall make a full report of the circumstances.
9. The chief engineer checked the specific gravity of the fuel received.
10.He is comparing the quantity delivered with the amount shown on the invoice.
11.The engineer has just signed and sealed the invoice.
12.They always retain the samples on board until the oil is consumed.
13.They didn’t notify the ship’s agent that the fuelling port had been designated.
14.They didn’t handle the cargo during that port call.
5. Put as many questions as you can.

1. Two days before the scheduled arrival, the ship sends to the agent aconfirmation
radiogram (giving the time of arrival and the exact number of metric tons of
ordered fuel).
2. The engineer in charge of bunkering operations should have the required skills
of talking in English with the deliverers (suppliers) at all stages of fuel transfer
3. The personnel-in-charge must take samples throughout the period of fuel
transfer.
4. The chief engineer shall check the specific gravity of the fuel received and
compare the quantity delivered with the amount shown on the invoice prior to
signing this document and sealing it.
6. Match the following words with their definitions.

1. circumstances a.
the act of a distribution
2. fuel b.
the fuelling of ships or vehicles
3. receipt c.
the use of goods and services by
consumers or producers
4. to deliver d. an individual portion by which the
quality of more of the same sort is to
be deduced or judged
5. consumption e. the act of receiving
6. sample f. the state of being inconsistent
7. discrepancy g. essential fact or detail
8. bunkering facility h. combustible material used as a source
of heat or energy
7. Complete the following sentences with the suitable words/phrases.
1. The information transmitted to the agent must include _____________.
44
2. A confirmation radiogram informs about the engineer
_______________________________.
3. The samples must be retained on board until ______________________.
4. The chief engineer shall check the specific gravity of the fuel received and
compare ________________________.
5. The engineer should understand the contents of the bunker receipt and be able
to check them against ________________________.
6. In case of abnormal discrepancy the chief engineer must _____________.
8.Translate into English

1. Як тільки призначений порт заправки, суднового агента повідомляють про
це.
2. Повідомлення містить наступні пункти: назва судна, очікуваний час
прибуття, кількість і сорт палива.
3. За кілька днів до прибуття судно відправляє агенту радіограму-
підтвердження про точну кількість метричних тонн замовленого палива.
4. Механік, відповідальний за роботу з взяття бункераного палива повинен
мати навички ведення бесіди англійською мовою з постачальником на всіх
етапах перекачування палива.
5. Відповідальний механік повинен знати процедуру взяття проб палива.
6. Паливо, подане постачальниками має підходити двигунам судна.
7. На кожній пробі повинна бути пріклеплена бирка з датою та іншими
необхідними даними.
8. Проби повинні знаходитися на борту до тих пір, поки паливо не буде
повністю використано.
9. Відповідальний механік повинен давати вказівки і сигнали щодо
швидкості подачі або тиску, запуску, уповільнення або зупинки подаючих
насосів.
10. Механік повинен розуміти зміст квитанцій по паливу, складених
англійською мовою.
IV.1.I. Lubricating Oil Systems

45
1. under a. system
2. continuously b. construction
3. oil-treatment c. yarn
4. shell-and-tube d. screen
5. wool e. drop
6. fine-mesh f. particles
7. dissolved g. pressure
8. abrasive h. circulated
9. pressure i. substances
2. Fill in the preposition:

(at/ through/ in/ to/ by/ on/ under/ with/ from)
1. Lubricant must be supplied _____ the sliding or rolling parts ____ proper
quantities, ____ the proper temperature.
2. The life and the reliability ____ the engine depends _____ good lubrication.
3. In the valve-gear centralized lubricating system lubricant is drained separately
____ order to prevent contamination of the crankcase oil ____ leaking fuel.
4. 2-cycle and 4-cycle diesel engines are supplied ____ lubricating oil ____ pressure
____ all bearings and moving parts.
5. Lubricating oil picks up heat transferred ___ the combustion space ___ the oil film
___ the cylinder walls.
6. Filters should provide the required flow rate ___ an acceptable pressure drop.
7. The oil is rotated in an electrically-driven cylinder ____ a very high velocity.
8. Pressure forces the oil ____ the oil passages and the bearings.
9. Centrifugal filtering removes abrasive particles ___ the oil.
3. Put the words in the right order to form questions.

1. systems what are lubricating the of the functions principal?
2. for what used is the oil crankcase?
3. a how work lubricator does?
4. are what system lubricating pressure of the parts the?
5. driven how pumps the lube be oil may?
4. Translate from Ukrainian into English and use in your own sentences.
1. надійність двигуна
2. попередити забруднення
3. вимірювати кількість крапель на хвилину
46
4. кожухо-трубна конструкція
5. дрібнопориста сеіка
6. запобіжнийклапан
5. Fill in the missing words:

(dissolved substances/ film/ clearances/ centrifuging/ impurities/ extensions/
swallowing/ contamination/ adhesion / shell-and-tube construction/ drops/
absorbent filters/ treating equipment/ fine-mesh screen/ centrifuge)
1. Any _________ which may enter the system must be removed.
2. Cylinder lubricators meter a specific number of ___________ per minute.
3. Lubricant is drained separately to prevent _____________ of the crankcase oil by
leaking fuel, injector cooling water or exhaust gas.
4. Pressure must be adequate to provide the required oil flow through bearing
____________.
5. The lube oil pumps are driven by ________ of the crankshaft or camshaft.
6. When a __________ or oil-treatment system is installed, additional pumps are
required to deliver oil to the _________.
7. Lubricating oil circulating in the engine picks up heat transferred from the
combustion space to the oil ___________ on the cylinder walls.
8. The heat is removed by contact with water-cooled surfaces in the oil cooler of
________________.
9. Mechanical straining is usually accomplished by a ___________.
10. __________ remove contaminants from the oil by sucking up or __________ as a
sponge.
11. Adsorbent filters hold in a very thin layer, by __________, the molecules of
___________ or liquids to the surface of the solid filtering material.
12. ___________ removes abrasive particles from the oil.
6. Try to explain the function of these items:

 tanks and sumps
 lubricating oil pumps
 oil-treatment system
 lubricators
 centrifuge
7. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the verb.
47
1. Most conventional marine diesel engines _______ (to use) three separate
lubricating systems.
2. A relief valve _______ (to set) maximum pressure system pressure.
3. Cotton waste, mineral wool, felt wool yarn, paper wood pulp ______ (to use) in
absorbent filters.
4. Chains or gears from the crankshaft _______ (to drive) the lube oil pump.
5. Mechanical straining ______ (to accomplish) by a fine-mesh screen.
6. No matter what system of filtering _______ (to employ), filters should provide the
required flow rate at an acceptable pressure drop.
7. Centrifugal filtering _________ (to remove) abrasive particles from the oil.
8. The heat __________ (to remove) by contact with water-cooled surfaces in the oil
cooler of shell-an tube construction.
9. Tanks and sumps __________ (to hold) the oil that _________ (to circulate).
10. Diesel engines ________ (to supply) with lubricating oil under pressure to all
bearings and moving parts.
48
IV. 1.J. Lubricating Oils and Additives

1. soluble a. sticking
2. mating b. properties
3. carry c. sludge
4. perfect d. brands
5. excellent e. additives
6. ring f. resistance
7. oil g. start-up
8. prevent h. away
9. reliable i. surfaces
10. pour-point j. oxidation
2. Fill in the prepositions.

(from/ by/ between/ to/ in/ at)
1. The lubricant in an engine forms a film ________ mating surfaces.
1. It also carries away the heat generate ________ friction.
2. The lubricant can clean and carry away any dirt or metal particles resulting
_______ wear.
3. The lubricant assists ________ sealing the piston-cylinder wall clearance.
4. The operating conditions affect engine susceptibility _______ deposits and
corrosion.
5. Synthetic lubes maintain viscosity better _______ high and low temperature.
6. Synthetic grease has resistance ________ water washout.
7. Detergents keep soluble oxidation products ________ becoming insoluble.
8. Mineral oil properties most often are improved ________ additives.
3. Put the words in the right order to form questions.

1. an what engine functions in perform does the lubricant.
2. lubricants what the are advantages the of synthetic.
3. additives what the is function general?
4. in oils what lube installations synthetic and it is units better use to?
5. for used what additives purposes pour-point are.
4. Explain the functions of these items:

 Lubricant
 Synthetic lubes
 Additives
49
 Inhibitors
 Detergents
5. Fill in the missing words.

(additives/ loss/ wear/ clean-up/ sticking/ drain/ thickness/ specification
requirements/ varnish/ fluidity)
1. The function of the lubricant is to form a film between mating surfaces, thus
reducing friction and ____________.
2. The design of a marine diesel engine and its operating conditions affect engine
susceptibility to deposits, ring __________, wear and corrosion.
3. Lubricant should meet the engine manufacturer _____________.
1. Synthetic lubes have better low temperature ________________.
4. Some vessels are specially designed for firefighting and oil spill __________
operations.
5. Advantages of the synthetics’ are improved reliability and less power _________
in the mechanical components.
6. Mineral oil properties most often are improved by __________.
7. Inhibitors are used to prevent sludge and __________ formation.
8. Film strength additives help to maintain adequate oil film __________.
9. One of the advantages of the synthetics are increased oil ________ intervals.
6. Translate from Russian into English and use in your own sentences.
1. сполучена поверхня
2. залипання
3. знос
4. сприйнятливість
5. зменшення витрат палива
6. присадки
7. температуразастигання
7. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the verb.
1. Lubricant ___________ (to act) as a cooling agent.
2. Synthetic lubricant__________ (to use) in air compressors and auxiliary engines.
3. Additives_________(to improve) mineral oil properties.
4. They recommend ___________ (to use) reliable brands of oils and additives.
5. Lubricant__________ (to define) as substance that lubricates.
6. A film_________ (to form) between mating surfaces by lubricant.
50
7. Synthetic lubricant ___________ (to provide) perfect start-up, even in cold
weather.
8. Maintenance and repair costs can___________ (to reduce) due to synthetic lubes
use.
9. The pour point of the oils can____________ (to lower) by pour-point additives.
10. Dispersants____________ (to keep) the insoluble oxidation products in
suspension. Thus, formation of sludge and deposits ____________ (to prevent).
11. Inhibitors _____________ (to prevent) corrosion in general and particularly of
alloy bearings.
12. Engine susceptibility to deposits ______________ (to affect) by engine’s
operating conditions.
8. Translate the following questions in English and answer them.

1. Для чого використовуються диспергуючі агенти?
2. Чому мастильний матеріал повинен відповідати вимогам специфікацій?
3. Як можна поліпшити властивості мінеральних масел?
4. Чому синтетичні мастильні матеріали використовуються в повітряних
компресорах і допоміжних двигунах?
5. Як миючі присадки запобігають утворенню відкладень на частинах
двигуна?
V.1.A Ship’s piping systems
51
1. sanitary a. by gravity
2. pressure b. drainage system
3. fresh water c. instruments
4. washing d. valve
5. grey water e. generator
6. oily water f. discharges
7. relief g. tank
8. bolt h. joint
9. to be drained i. appliances
10. measuring j. separator
11. expansion k. flanged

(of/ under/ with/ by/ via/ from/ to)
1. Sanitary discharges are equipped __________an automatic non-return valve to
prevent water _______ passing inboard.
2. Hot water is supplied ________ a storage type water heater, which usually
operates automatically ______ the control ______ a thermostatic valve.
3. The fresh water system must be independent ______ all other piping systems.
4. The grey water is free ____ harmful bacteria.
5. The fire-main system supplies seawater _____ pressure ______ all the fire
stations.
6. Piping sections _____ the proper size and material are connected _____
various standard fittings.

(oily water separator, stability, sanitary discharges, oil pollution, drains,
pressure tank, washing appliances, fresh water generators, by gravity)
1. The washing water system supplies fresh water to the _________ and other
consumers.
2. Fresh water is made from seawater by installations called __________.
3. No one should dump waste oil down these drains since it will go directly
overboard, causing _____________.
4. The bilge drainage system is designed to collect _______ from compartments that
cannot be drained overboard ________ and to pump this bilge water overboard.
5. To prevent oil mixed with the bilge water from being pumped overboard, the bilge
water must first go to an _______.
6. In the pressure system a ___________ is located in the machinery space.
52
7. The purpose of the water-ballast system is to maintain the proper trim _________
and immersion of the vessel.
8. __________ are equipped with an automatic non-return valve to prevent water
from passing inboard.

1. Distilling plants make fresh water from seawater.
2. The washing water system usually utilizes several tanks located in the double
bottom.
3. This system supplies fresh water to the washing appliances and other consumers.
4. Engineers must overhaul and adjust valves and repair pipelines.
5. It is common practice to take water from shore side whenever practical.
6. Foreign matter could obstruct pumps, throttle valves. Such matter could also
damage machinery parts.
7. The bilge drainage system pumps bilge water overboard.
8. The water ballast system loads and discharge the fore and after peak tanks.
9. They limit the supply of drinking water on board.
10. This compression maintains pressure on the system until the minimum point is
reached.
11. They drain the gray water directly overboard.
12. No one should dump waste oil down these drains. Since it will go directly
overboard, it may cause oil pollution.
5. Translate the words and phrases into English and use them in your own
sentences.
1. підтримувати системи у стані постійної готовності
2. тримати всі з’єднання, клапани та крани затягнутими
3. чистити фільтри через рекомендовані проміжки часу
4. частий огляд трубопроводів
5. усунути протікання за допомогою затягування з’єднувальних болтів та
ущільнювальних гайок
6. замінювати прокладки
7. усувати напругу на трубах
8. замінювати зношені частини
9. замінювати набивку клапанів

1. The bilge drainage system collects drains from compartments that cannot be
drained overboard by gravity and pumps this bilge water overboard.
2. The bilge water must first go to an oily water separator to prevent oil and bilge
water from being pumped overboard.
53
3. Oil pollution will be caused if waste oil is dumped directly overboard through the
interior deck drains.

1. Обслуговування та експлуатація всіх суднових трубопровідних систем є
обов’язком команди машинного відділення.
2. Більшість трубопровідних систем включає фітинги та пристрої.
3. Фільтри встановлюються на трубопроводах, щоб запобігти попаданню бруду,
шламу, мусору та накипу.
4. Майбутній судновий механік має знати та вміти працювати з різними
трубопровідними системами.
5. Постачання питної води на борту обмежене.
6. Прісна вода іноді виробляється з соленої води за допомогоюдистиляційних
установок.
7. Оскільки господарчі побутові води не містять шкідливих бактерій, вони
можуть зливатись прямо за борт.
54
V.1.B. Marine pumps

1. reciprocating a. strainers
2. power b. stage
3. discharge c. engine
4. air d. end
5. liquid e. side
6. single f. end
7. stuffing g. head
8. suction h. priming
9. valve i. box
10. wearing j. leakage
11. insufficient k. chest
12. clogged l. ring

(at/ into/ due to/ of/ to/ on/ through/ by/ within/ from/ in/ out/ for)
1. Pumps supply sea-water ____ the fire-main system; pump ______ and _____
ballast water; draw condensate _____ the condensers.
2. Most marine pumps are _____ reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal or jet type.
3. The reciprocating pump moves liquid or gas ____ means ____ a piston or
plunger.
4. Piston goes up and down _____ a cylinder.
5. An adjustable relief valve is fitted _____ the discharge chamber.
6. All rotary pumps work ____ means ____ rotating parts, which trap the liquid
_____ the suction side and discharge it _____ the discharge outlet.
7. Centrifugal pumps are used ____ pumping nonviscous liquids.
8. The operation ____ propulsion plant depends ____ the proper operation ____
pumps.
9. Classification ____ rotary pumps is made according ____ the type ____ rotating
elements.
10. Most reciprocating pump troubles are ____ fouled water cylinders.
11. If a centrifugal pump operates ____ insufficient capacity, this trouble may
be____ air leakage _____ the suction line.
12. The liquid is drawn in ____ the centre of the impeller and is discharged ____
the outer rim of the impeller.
55
(piping/ centrifugal pumps/ power end/ excessive pressure/ stuffing
boxes/ discharge head/ liquid end/ discharge chamber/ volute/ throwing
force/ remedy/ wearing/ vents/ valve chest/ suction head)
1. Every pump has a __________, which may be a steam turbine, a reciprocating
engine or an electric motor, and a _______ where the liquid enters and leaves the
pump.
2. The centrifugal pump utilizes the ________ of a rapidly revolving impeller.
3. _________ of piston rings can cause a pump to lose head.
4. An adjustable relief valve is fitted to the _________ to protect the pump and
__________ against _________.
5. Fire pumps are single stage, double suction, _______ type either turbine-driven or
motor-driven _________.
6. If a centrifugal pump operates at insufficient capacity, this trouble may be caused
by air leakage into the suction line or ________.
7. Loss of suction may be caused by presence of air in the system; the ________ for
this condition is to open the air cocks and _________ on the liquid end valve chest,
leave them open, until water flows out.
8. Presence of the foreign matter in the __________ is one of the causes of trouble
with bilge pumps.
9. The ___________ means the pressure of the liquid entering the pump.
10. The __________means the pressure of the liquid leaving the pump.

 Impeller
 Stuffing box
 Wearing ring
 Valve chest
 Discharge chamber
 Adjustable relief valve

1. Pumps feed water to the boilers; draw condensate from the condensers; supply sea
water to the fire-main system; empty the bilges; discharge fuel oil to the burners.
2. The reciprocating pump moves liquid by means of a piston.
3. Relief valve protects the pump and piping against excessive pressure.
4. Rotating parts trap the liquid at the suction side and force it through the discharge
outlet.
56
5. They use rotary pumps for pumping oil and other heavy, viscous liquids.
6. The centrifugal pump utilizes the throwing force of a rapidly revolving impeller.
7. Pump failure may cause failure of an entire power plant.
8. Marine engineers should maintain the pumps in good working order.
9. They designed this pump for a long and trouble free operating.
10. Engineers must examine and clean the internal parts of the liquid end about once
every 6 months.
11. Obstructions in the suction may cause loss of suction.
12. They have to stop the pump at once to find the cause of trouble and correct it.
6. Translate into English and use in your own sentences.

Подавати (живити); захоплювати; силова частина; проточна частина; висота
всмоктування; висота напору; сторона всмоктування; сторона нагнітання;
струминний насос; регульований розвантажувальний клапан; лопастний насос;
крилатка (робоче колесо); зовнішній обід; клапанна коробка; забруднений
гідравлічний циліндр; гідравлічний циліндр з задирками; вільні (незакріплені)
товкачі; вихідний тиск пульсує; насос не досягає потрібного напору; насос не
розвиває достатньо вихідний тиск; насоси спроектовані для подачі морської та
прісної води.
.

1. All rotary pumps work by means of rotating parts, which trap the liquid at the
suction side and force it through the discharge outlet.
2. About once every 6 months the internal parts of the liquid end should be examined
and cleaned.
3. Pumps circulate lube oil to bearings and gears of the propulsion plant components.
4. The vertical shaft unit consists of a pump and an electric motor.
5. The liquid flowed from the discharged chamber.
57
V.1.C. Refrigerating Plant

1. thermal control a. connection
2. control b. device
3. vapour c. switch
4. blown d. torch
5. inspection e. tubing
6. safety f. coil
7. halide g. indicator
8. lubricating h. bulb
9. charging i. gaskets
10. sight-flow j. seal
11. control k. compressor
12. cooling l. properties
13. single-acting m. round

(from/ through/ throughout/ of/ at/ around/ to/ by/ with/ between/ into/
near/ above)
1. Refrigeration is a process ____ cooling ____ removing heat.
2. Refrigerating plant cools spaces and maintain these spaces _____ low
temperature.
3. Control tubing connects the bulb ____ the area ____ the diaphragm in the
thermovalve.
4. The temperature _____ the evaporator outlet controls the operation _____ the
thermostatic expansion valve.
5. As the liquid refrigerant passes _____ the coil it absorbs heat flowing ____ the
coil _____ the surrounding air.
6. The vapour drawn ______ the compressor is ______ a very low pressure and
very low temperature.
7. The compressor maintains the required pressure difference _____ the high-
pressure side and the low-pressure side _____ the system.
8. Circulating water is obtained _____ the fire main, or it is supplied _____
means _____ a separate pump taking suction ____ the sea.
9. The refrigeration engineer must make inspections round ____ the plant
components ____ regular intervals.
10.The refrigeration engineer must charge refrigerant ____ a drum ____ the
system ___ the charging connection and dehydrator.
58
11.He also must check the temperatures and pressures ___ the system.
12.When the refrigerant passes ____ condenser it condenses, giving off its heat
___ the cooling seawater, which flows ___ the condenser tubing, while the
refrigerant passes ___ the tubes.

(refrigeration system / cooling coil / thermal control bulb / shell-and-tube type /
receiver / reciprocating compressors / refrigerant / evaporator / compressor / vapour
seal)
1. A _________ is fastened to the cooling coil near the outlet.
2. The __________ acts as a temporary storage tank for the liquid refrigerant,
which flows from the condenser.
3. The receiver serves as a _________ to prevent the entrance of vapour into the
liquid line to the expansion valve.
4. The Freon-22 system utilizes F-22 as a __________.
5. The thermovalve is designed to supply the right amount of refrigerant into the
__________.
6. The function of the __________ is to be installed in the space that must be
cooled and allow the refrigerant to pass through the coil of copper tubing.
7. The __________ in a refrigeration system is used to pump heat from the cold
side to the hot side of the system.
8. Motor-driven, single-acting, two-cylinder ________ are usually used in marine
refrigerating plants.
9. The English name for the marine system whose purpose is to cool spaces and
to maintain these spaces at low temperature is ___________.
10.Most condensers used for ship’s refrigerating plants are of the water-cooled or
____________.
4. What are the purposes of performing the following (what will happen if
the work is not performed?):
 defrosting the cooling coils;
 pumping down the whole system or its parts;
 purging the system of non-condensable gases.

1. The Freon-22 system utilizes F-22 as a refrigerant.
59
2. Control tubing connects the bulb with the area above the diaphragm in the
thermovalve.
3. The temperature near the evaporator outlet controls the operation of the
thermostatic expansion valve.
4. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat flowing to the coil from the surrounding air.
5. We obtain circulating water from the fire main.
6. The receiver (as a vapour seal) prevents the entrance of vapour into the liquid
line to the expansion valve.
7. The compressor maintains the required pressure difference between the high-
pressure side and the low-pressure side of the system.
8. Should the engineer renew lube oil when it has lost its lubricating properties?
9. Do you usually utilize the halide torch to test for refrigerant leaks?
10. Who usually checks conditions in cooled spaces?
6. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the verb (active or
passive)
(give off/ renew/ transmit/ check/ rise/ pump/ enter/ keep/ follow/
lose/ adjust/ charge)
1. When the temperature in the bulb __________, freon expands and _________ a
pressure to the diaphragm.
2. Lube oil___________ when its lubricating properties___________.
3. Lube oil level in the crankcase must____________.
4. Refrigerant __________ the cooling coil.

5. The refrigerant _____________ its heat to the cooling seawater.
6. If the automatic control valves and switches _________ in proper way the
operation of the plant will be entirely automatic.
7. Proper procedures and applicable precautions should __________ to prevent

damages.
8. The compressor ___________ the refrigerant circulating.
9. Heat ___________ from the cold side to the hot side of the system by the
compressor.
10. Refrigerant___________ from a drum to the system through the charging
connection and dehydrator.
60
1. The thermovalve supplies the right amount of refrigerant into the cooling coil.
2. When the temperature in the bulb rises, freon expands and transmits a pressure to
the diaphragm.
3. In the compressor, both the pressure and the temperature are raised.
4. The refrigeration engineer usually defrosts the cooling coils by means of the most
common methods.
1. Реф. механік має перевіряти температури та тиск в всій системі, записувати

результати в журнал установки та порівнювати їх з попередніми даними.
2. Більшість конденсаторів, які використовуються для суднових холодильних
установок, кожухо-трубного типу.
3. Зігнуті вали, деформовані клапани, прогорілі прокладки можуть бути
результатом не дотримання правильного порядку роботи.
4. Перевірочні обходи частин установки робляться, щоб переконатись, що
механізми у справному стані і працюють як слід.
5. Коли рідкий холодагент проходить через змійовик, він поглинає тепло з
навколишнього повітря.
6. Тепло перекачується компресором з холодної сторони системи на гарячу
сторону.
61
V.1.D. Steering Gears

1. power-driven a. angle
2. prime b. wheel
3. variable-delivery c. arrangement
4. sliding d. steering gear
5. follow-up e. gear
6. steering f. movers
7. differential g. ram
8. cam h. position
9. set i. control mechanism
10. no-discharge j. insert
11. rudder k. course
12. double-ended l. reversible pump

(of/ into/ with/ to/ via/ in/ out/ under/ by/ from)
1. Large commercial and naval vessels are equipped ____ a power-driven steering
gear.
2. The steering gear must be dependable ____ all conditions of service.
3. All piping from both pumps is connected ____ the 6-way valve.
4. Electro-hydraulic gear is the most efficient method ___ steering.
5. The ram is driven ____ one of the two prime movers.
6. The fluid is forced ___ one cylinder causing the ram to move toward and ___ the
opposite cylinder.
7. The ram moves axially into and ___ of the opposed cylinders.
8. Large steering gear is designed so that the rudder can be moved ____ hardover ___
hardover through an angle ___ approximately 70° in 30 seconds.
9. The transmitter serves to transmit instructions ___ the receiver.
10.A follow-up control mechanism maintains the movement ___ the rudder closely
___ step with the steering wheel.
11.This mechanism responds ___ the movement of the steering ram through the
follow-up shaft to return the pump to a neutral position.

(variable-delivery reversible pump/ helmsman/ reversing/ differential gear/
collision/ capacity/ wheelhouse/ tiller/ set course/ congested/ change over/
62
steering wheel/ double-ended ram/ telemotor system/ no-discharge position/ fluid
power/ shock/ shoe)
1. The steering gear must be of sufficient ________ and extremely responsive.
2. In _______ ports rapid changes in the direction of the ship must be made to avoid
_________.
3. Steering gear is directly connected to the _________.
4. Electro-hydraulic gear comprises a __________ operating between two opposed
hydraulic cylinders.
5. Each prime mover consists of a constant speed motor driving a _________.
6. The ram moves axially into and out of the opposed cylinders by means of________
oil under pressure.
7. By ___________ the pump the operation is reversed an the ram moves in the
opposite direction.
8. The sliding insert or ___________ is connected to the ram and operates in the slot
provided in the tiller.
9. Quick ___________ from one pumping unit to the other can be made by operation
of the 6-way valve.
10.This valve may be operated manually from the _____________.
11.The follow-up control mechanism consists of a _________ and cam arrangement,
which serves to control the cylinders.
12.The follow-up control mechanism responds to the movement of the steering ram
through the follow-up shaft to return the pump to a _______________ after the
_________ is stopped.
13.Relief valves act to prevent damage to any part of the gear, if excessive rudder
____________ occurs.
14.The steering gear is controlled from the wheelhouse by a hydraulic
_______________.
15.The transmitter serves to transmit the instructions of the ____________to the
steering engine via the receiver.
16.A contactor type unit is usually provided with the so called “Iron Mike”, by which
a _______________ can be automatically maintained.
4. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the verb:

(to serve/ to control/ to fit/ to maintain(2)/ to transmit/ to prevent/
to equip/ to place/ to avoid/ to actuate/ to connect/ to lead/ to move/
to consist)
63
1. Relief valves___________ in the hydraulic system, and __________ damage to
any part of the gear.
2. Collision must______________.
3. The ram_____________ in opposite direction.
4. The second pumping unit_____________ as a spare or stand-by unit.
5. All piping from both pumps is connected to the 6-way valve, and from this point
one line_________ to each main cylinder.
6. Cam arrangement_________________ the cylinders.
7. The follow-up control mechanism_____________ by the steering wheel.
8. The movement of the rudder____________ closely in step with the steering wheel
by a follow-up control mechanism.
9. A hydraulic telemotor system____________ of a transmitter unit and a receiver.
10. The transmitter_______________ the instructions of the helmsman to the steering
engine.
11. The receiver unit ____________ at the steering engine.
12. The transmitter and receiver_____________ together by copper tubing.
13. Many vessels ________________ with a contactor type unit of electrical design.
14. “Iron Mike”________________ a set course automatically.
5. Explain the functions of the next items:

 6-way valve
 Follow-up shaft
 Differential gear
 Telemotor system
 Contactor type unit
 Variable-delivery reversible pump
6. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Цей клапан може керуватися вручну з рульової рубки.
2. Сучасні судна обладнані рульовим пристроєм з механічним приводом.
3. Великі рульові пристрої сконструйовані так, щоб руль міг перекладатися з
борту на борт.
4. Оскільки вся система постійно заповнена, рідина у протилежному циліндрі
повертається в насос для подачі у перший циліндр.
5. Рульовий пристрій повинен працювати як слід при всіх режимах
експлуатації.
6. Електрогідравлічний пристрій включає в себе двосторонній плунжер, діючий
(працюючий) між двома протилежними гідравлічними циліндрами.
7. Рідина подається в один циліндр, змушуючи плунжер рухатися в
протилежний циліндр.
64
8. Слідкуючий пристрій реагує (відповідає) на рух рульового плунжера через
слідкуючий вал, щоб повернути насос у нейтральне положення після того, як
штурвал зупинився.

1. The steering gear is controlled from the wheelhouse by a hydraulic telemotor
system.
2. The ram moves axially into and out of the opposed cylinders by means of fluid
power.
3. Steering gear in large ships is located in the immediate area of the rudder.
4. This arrangement provides a progressive increase in leverage.
65
V.1.E. Deck Machinery

1. hatch a. panel
2. mooring b. gears
3. winding c. gear
4. train of d. cover
5. asbestos - lined e. line
6. master f. rope
7. warping g. foot pedal
8. towing h. drum
9. counterweight i. arrangement
10. magnetic j. head
11. herringbone k. band
12. braking l. switch
2. Fill in the proper preposition:

(through/ with/ in/ below/ for/ upon/ on/ to/ of/ under/ by)
1. Winches are used ___ handling cargo, mooring ropes and hatch covers.
2. One end of wire rope is fastened ___ the winding drum and wound ___ it.
3. The other end ___ wire rope is carried ___ blocks to a derrick or must.
4. The panel and resistors can be found either ___ deck or in a house ___ deck.
5. Winches must be ready ___ instant service.
6. A windlass consists ___ an engine, the wildcat, suitable controls for connecting the
wildcat ___ the engine, and brakes.
7. The drum is fitted ___ pawls to prevent unwinding ___ the strain of the hawser.
8. Watertight covers are made ___ steel plates.
9. An automatic hatch cover can be opened ___ one man ___ 2 minutes.
10.The wildcats are free to turn ___ the main shaft but may be connected ___ it ___
a locking mechanism.
3. Fill in the missing words:

(worm/ operating condition/ master switch/ train of gears/ idleness/ spur/
capstan/ repair/ clutch/ hatch covers/ asbestos-lined band/ warping heads/
resistors/ braking arrangements/ inspection/ wildcat/ holds/ wires/ hawsers)
1. The winding drum and winches are driven through a __________ by either an
electric motor, steam engine or electro-hydraulic transmission.
66
2. The winches are driven by prime mover through ____________, herringbone,
helical or ___________ gearing.
3. All winches must be equipped with mechanical brakes in addition to the electric,
mechanic or centrifugal ____________.
4. The mechanical brake consists of a _____________.
5. The electric control equipment consists of a watertight __________, magnetic
panel and __________.
6. The _____________ is used to grip the chain.
7. The ________________ is a vertical drum driven by a steam engine or electric
motor, and used for handling heavy anchor chains.
8. The capstan handles heavy ___________ – mooring lines, towing lines, etc.
9. _____________ are designed for closing up the top of the hatchways of the cargo
___________.
10.A hatch operated by ______________ and winches can be opened by two men in
about 15 minutes.
11.All well-designed winches are, as a rule, easily accessible for ___________,
lubrication and _______________.
12.Winches must be inspected during long periods of ______________ to insure that
they are in ________________ at all times.
13.To operate the windlass under power, a special gear must be connected to the
intermediate shaft by the engagement of a ________________.
14.In addition to the wildcats, windlasses are usually equipped with ___________.
4. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the verb (active or passive)
(to heave in/ to engage/ to key/ to equip/ to prevent/ to release/ to tighten/
to shut off/ to provide/ to locate/ to operate/ to grip/ to close up/ to
transmit)
1. The winding drum and winch heads__________ to the shaft.
2. The gearings __________ one or two speeds which are much slower than that of
their prime mover.
3. The mechanical brake__________ through a system of levers and links by a
counterweight foot pedal.
4. The panel and resistors__________ either below deck or in a house on deck.
5. A windlass__________ the anchors.
6. The wildcat__________ the chain.
7. Each wildcat___________ with a band brake of a screw type.
8. Turning the hand wheel in one direction__________ the band around the flange of
the wildcat.
67
9. The band __________by turning the hand wheel in the opposite direction.
10.Hatch covers __________ the top of the hatchways of the cargo holds.
11.The engine __________ the power of the capstan to the capstan shaft through a
worm wheel.
12.Pawls __________ unwinding under strain of the hawser when
power__________.
13.Brakes control the wildcat when it__________ with the engine.

 Winch
 Windlass
 Capstan
 Derrick
 Braking arrangement
 Wildcat
 Clutch
 Helical gearing
 Resistors
 Winch head

1.Hatch covers close up the top of the hatchways of the cargo holds.
2. A hatch cover can be operated by pulling it with an electric or hydraulic drive.
3. When only the warping heads are to be operated by power, the clutch must be in
disengaged position, and in this case the chain load must be held by the band
brakes.
4. A winch usually consists of a cable-winding drum, which is mounted on a
horizontal shaft. There is a head upon one or both ends of the shaft.

1. Палубні механізми дуже різноманітні, тому їх можна поділити за
їхніми функціями на групи, такі як: вантажно підйомні, швартовні, якірно
підйомні та інші.
2. Лебідка має бути оснащена механічним тормозом.
3. Механічний тормоз складається з фанерованої азбестом стрічки та
керується через систему важелів та ланок.
4. Лебідка звичайно складається з кабеле-намотуючого барабану,
змонтованого на горизонтальному валі.
68
5. Лебідки приводяться їхнім первинним двигуном через зірчату,
шевронну, косозубу або черв’ячну передачу.
6. На додаток до ланцюгового барабану, який порається якірними
ланцюгами, брашпиль зазвичай має швартовні барабани.
69
VI.1.A. BUYING/PURCHASING SHIP STORES AND SUPPLIES

1. forthcoming a. account
2. in b. time
3. sailing c. head
4. consumable d. with
5. spare e. to
6. department f. for
7. responsible g. manuals
8. timely h. to
9. manufacturer’s i. advance
10. furnish j. stores
11. add k. parts
12. be accountable l. submission
13 take into m. voyage

(blue prints/ maintenance materials/ voyage/ granted/ quantity/responsible/
request/ parts/ accountable)
1. It’s usual to draw up requisitions so that everything needed for the
forthcoming___________several months between calls at thehomeport.
2. The ___________of consumable stores, supplies, replacements and spare________
is usually regulated.
3.The chief engineer is____________for accuracy, preparation of engine
department documentation.
4. The chief engineer maintains engine department files which contain____________
manufacturer’s manuals and records.
5. Chief engineer’s assistants furnish him with the status of_________________
such as paints, greases, oils.
6. The chief engineer is _______________ to the shore side management.
7. Chief engineer's___________________ for a replacement of machinery
componentswill beif well substantiated.
3. Fill in the missing prepositions

(at/ up to/ to/ from/ by/ from )
1. Often a monetary limit for replacements, consumable stores, maintenance
materials and spare parts is fixed_____________a low level.
2. The chief engineer makes all decisions as to what shall be added_______or
deleted_____________ the engine department requisitions.
70
3. The quantity of supplies and spare parts is regulated________ the length of
time
the ship will be away__________the homeport.
4. It is customary to draw _________requisitions if the vessel is assigned____a
long voyage.
4.Give English equivalents and use them in sentences of your own
Бути призначеним, складати заявку, час відходу, заздалегідь, витратні запаси,

запасні частини, технічні креслення, своєчасна подача, інструкції виготівника,
фінансові обмеження, надавати інформацію, приймати до уваги.

1.Чим відрізняються змінні частини від запасних?
2.Старший механік має це враховувати, коли подає заявку.
3.Старший механік відповідає за підготовку, точність та своєчасну подачу
заявок для машинного відділення.
4.Щоб придбати необхідну кількість змінних частин, вона має бути добре
обгрунтована.
5.Кількість витратних запасів визначається тривалістю майбутнього рейсу.
6.Заявки на запасні частини мають бути складені заздалегідь до наступного
рейсу.
6 .Odd one out
Greases, oils, paints, lubricants

Blue-prints, sketches, samples, drawings
Stores, supplies, deliveries, provision
To add, to delete, to cancel, to eliminate
In advance, prier, in addition, before
To acquire, to sell, to obtain, to purchase
VI.1.B. BUYING/PURCHASING SHIP STORES AND SUPPLIES

1. meet a. available
2. give b. of call
71
3. take c. parts
4. trice d. specifications
5. keep e. list
6. spare f. chandler
7. ports g. thorough inventory
8. ship h. information
2. Fill in the missing prepositions

( through/ with/ on/ by(2)/ in,of(2))
1.At the time the new ships are delivered________ the builders to the owners they
have_____board a library of manuals
2. Changes__prices are made _____means of a separate sheet.
3.The ship chandlers can bid ____the basis of catalogue price.
4.Ships are often supplied_______the offices ____the agents
5.Ships deal directly_____some reputable ship chandlers
3. Make sentences passive

1. The new ships have manuals with complete information on every piece of
machinery when they (to deliver) .
2. Price minus a discount or plus a surcharge (can/to bid)by the ship chandlers
3.Deliveries(to effect) when the suppliers receive finalinstructions.
4.Changes in prices (to make) by means of a separate sheet -price list -
distributed periodically.
5.It’s necessary to take thorough inventory either of spare parts, consumable
supplies or ship equipment when a ship(to purchase)secondhand.
4. Give English equivalents and use them in sentences of your own
Суднова картотека, ретельний облік, забезпечувати запасами, порт

заходу,здійснювати постачання, доплата, надбавка, задовільни ти заявку
судна, різноманітні, вибирати постачальників
72
5. Put the words in the right order
1. Miscellaneous, goods, lots, ship chandlers, supplied, of, are, by
2. Goods, of, offer, range ship chandlers, ports, extensive, large, in, an
3. Made, means, price list, are, prices, by, changes, of, in
4. Customary, a, that, built, ship, a, spare supply, year’s, it, has, is newly, parts, of?
5. Basis ship chandlers, bid, what, on can, the, of, price, the?
6. Carefully, a, catalogue, prepared, often, issued, how, is?
6. Odd one out

Bid, sale, buy, sell
Discount,bargain price, surcharge, sale
Issue, effect, publish, print
Offer, promise, propose, suggest
Acquire, require, request, demand
1. Ось перелік запчастин, які ми маємо на борту, а тут перелік запчастин, які
нам необхідно замовити.
2. Ми хочемо, щоб ви нам доставили постачання до 11години. Ми обмежені у
часі.
3. Скільки у вас коштує банка краски?
4. Якщо ми візьмемо декілька комплектів, чи зможете ви нам зробити знижку?
5. На жаль у нас фіксовані ціни, і ми не робимо знижки на кількість меньше
ніж 100 штук.
6. Бункерувальник хоче, щоб у нас були закриті та запечатані шпигати.
73
VI.1.C. BUYING/PURCHASINGSHIP STORES AND SUPPLIES

1. spare a. expenses
2. make b. the specifications
3. operating c. condition
4. meet d. number
5. serial e. parts
6. defective f. replacement
7. delivery g. parts
8. genuine h. receipt
2.Underline the right word.

1.The changes in prices are given in catalogue / price list.
2.When you buy something on sale you buy it at a bargain / prevailing price.
3.How much do you sell / charge for a can of paint?
4.Buying costly product can increase the ship operating costs / expenses.
5.Thorough invention / inventory of spare parts must be taken.
6.When the suppliers receive final instructions the deliveries are affected / effected.
7.When ordering parts of machinery to manufacture on demand / request engineers
will have to furnish sketches or samples.
8.In some cases the chief engineer will have to decide whether to insist / persist on
the delivery of the parts manufactured by the original maker.
9. The chief engineer may be offered an upgraded item or a satisfactory supplement /
substitute.
10.These parts are precisely machined to the dimensions and clearances / tolerances
fixed by the designer.
3.Fill in the gaps choosing your answers from the list below
(be forwarded/ cheaply/ careful/ operating expense/, substitute/ assembled/ item/
manufactured/description/ handling, gear)
1. The engineers onboard should be____________ when buying costly
product which will represent a significant portion of ship.
2.The requisitions must contain a complete_________ of the materialrequired; they
must___________ in advance of the time stores are tobe delivered.
3.In some cases the chief engineer may be offered an upgraded_______or a
satisfactory______________ .
4.If the spare parts for machinery are ordered at the time when the
machinery is being_______ and___________, they can be
purchased most________________ .
74
5.____________ for loading the stores must be made ready and
sufficient men made available for______________ and stowing stores.
4. Give the proper preposition if necessary:

______ one reason (попричине)
the person_________ charge
___________ demand
offer________ sale
meet____ the specifications
___________ the manufacturer’s stock
insist__________
give attention________
be offered_________ an upgraded item
____________ advance
put___________ spare parts
increase______________ prices
__________board
____________ storeroom
__________a bargain price
____________ the same time
result____________ discount
go____________ of business
____________ poor conditions
5. Make the following sentences passive:

1)Special attention (must/to give) to items, specifications,
quantities, condition, quality.
2) Stores (should/to stow away) in storerooms.
3) The chief engineer (to offer) an upgraded item in some
cases.
4)Discounts (to give) in case of purchasing large quantity of
items.
3. Give English equivalents to the expressions and use them in sentences of

your own
Припиняти виробництво, застарілий дизайн, загальнопоширена ціна,

вигіднаціна, чек, ескіз, експлуатаційні витрати судна, збільшення вартості,
несправний стан, заміна, багато вартісний
75
6.Put the words in the right order
1.The, from, manufacturer’s, obtained, goods, distributors specifications, meet.

2.Through, agents, often, the, of, supplied, agents, are, ships, offices
3.It, engineering, why, good, is, practice, in, to, the, data, record, name-plate, file,
ship’s?
4.Secondhand, when, what, should, purchased, is, made, inventory, be, ship, a?
7.Odd one out

Fabricate manufacturemachine maker
Merchant ship chandler ship’s agent distributor
Carry out effect carry on perform
Advantage usefulness deal benefit
To charge, to bid, to sell, to offer for sale, to purchase
1.Кількість доставлених товарів повинна бути перевірена по квитанції про

доставку.
2. Особливу увагу треба приділяти не тільки кількості, але й стану та якості.
3. Якщо деталь замовляють виготовити на замовлення, треба надати креслення
або зразок.
4. Старшому механіку можуть запропонувати не оригінальну деталь, але
подібну їй або відновлену стару.
5. Якщо деталь пропонується на розпродажі за вигідну ціну, то не варто
пропускати таку можливість.
6. Щодо цін, треба уважно перевіряти прейскурант, щоб побачити, що ціни, які
пропонуються, не перебільшують ціни, які привалюють на ринку.
76
VII.1.A. REPAIRS

1. service a. periods
2. technical b. repairs
3. to perform c. requirements
4. ship repair d. informed
5. repair e. intervals
6. to keep f. company
7. international g. office
8. voyage h. proper
accomplishment
9. repair i. representatives
10. shipping j. repairs
11. repair k. number
12. to insure l. yard
13 specified m. division
14 fleet manager’s n. conventions
15 sufficient o. list
2. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.

(Into (*5)/ with (*2)/ at (*2)/ by(*2)/ in (*3)/ for/ on/ out)
1.A copy of repair list is forwarded______ the appropriate ship repair
yard,_________ order________perform repairs abroad.
2.To insure prompt accomplishment of repairs all preparations should be made by the
vessel prior___________ arrival in port.
3.The chief engineer fills__________the request for repairs form and____________
cooperation__________the chief officer prepares repair specifications.
4.Drydocking is originally carried____________ during repair periods.
5.Voyage repairs should be kept__________a minimum сonsistent______safety and
operating requirements stated_____________appropriate international conventions,
company instructions and regulations.
6.After repair list has been prepared sufficient number of copies is
supplied__________the vessel.
7. Repairs periods are scheduled____specifiedintervals____the accomplishment of
repairs,which are beyond____the capacity of the ship’s crew.
8.Repairs to machinery, hull and equipment are effected___________ the ship’s
crew.
77
9.When service representatives or repairs are required__________arrival in port to
enable the ship to proceed on her voyage with safety, the ship’s agent should be
notified__________ radio.
3. Circle the right word

1.In order to perform repairs aboard / abroad, a copy of repair list is awarded /
forwarded to the appropriate ship repair yard.
2.In the event a ship’s engineer considers any item of repair unsatisfactory /
satisfactory, the matter should be discussed by the chief engineer and a responsible /
responsive representative of the yard.
3. When ordering machinery parts to manufacture / manufacturer on demand,
engineers will have to furnish / furniture sketches or samples.
4.Voyage repairs must be kept at a minimum consistent /constituent with operating
and safety / safe requirements.
5.The chief engineer may be offered / suggested an upgraded item or a satisfactory
supplement / substitute.
4.Give English equivalents to the expressions and use them in sentences of your
own.
Вимоги безпеки, ремонт на переході, завершення ремонтних робіт, постановка
в сухий док, дефектна відомість, розглянути і узгодити, судноремонтна верф
5.Odd one out

To proceed, to go ahead, to resume voyage, to return
Manufacturer, fabricator, dealer, maker
Repair list, repair period, repair specification, repair items
Plan, schedule, sketch, time-tabl
1. Вся підготовка має бути зроблена судном до приходу в порт, щоб
забезпечити швидке виконання ремонту.
2. Ремонт виконується екіпажом судна, наскільки це практично можливо.
3. На період запланованого ремонту судно ставлять у сухий док.
4. Старший механік готує ремонтну відомість і подає її у офіс управління
флоту для затвердження.
5. Слід повідомити судновому агенту про необхідність ремонту, даючи
повну інформацію щодо необхідних робіт.
78
VII.1.B. REPAIRS

1. underwater a. the shipping company
2. shell b. repair
3. accurate c. yard
4. repair d. body
5. defective e. plating
6. representatives of f. measurement
7. items of g. condition
2.Fill in the missing words

( inspect/ condition/ made/ scheduled/ placed/ body/ representatives/ corrosion/
repair yard)
1. Whenever a vessel is_______indrydock a thorough inspection is to be
______________
2. The ______of the sea valve strainers, propeller rudder and bearing ________
are to be carefully observed.
3. At the end of the _______period all items should be discussed.
4. On entering the____________the chief engineer meet the
yard_______________ .
5. The deck officers and engineers _________________the vessel’s
underwater__________________.
3.Answer the questions

1 What is the purpose of ship’s underwater body thorough inspection?
2. What do we understand by consumable stores?
4. What matters are considered at the conference held aboard ship during the repair
period?
5. What is implied by the term “specifications”?
4.Give English equivalents and use them in sentences of your own

Час від часу
Відповідальний представник
Обговорювати хід ремонту
Повідомити судовому агенту
Зробити запис
Зробити точні заміри
Здійснювати доставку
Превалюючі на ринку ціни
79
1. repairs, ship’s, effected, ship, crew, circumstances, the, by, are, what under?
2. and, where, list, whom, repair, reviewed, by, is, the, approved, and?
3.whom, when, list, a, by, preparing, repair, assisted, engineer, the, is, chief?
4.specified, repair, vessel, intervals, period, at, are, each, for, scheduled.
5. vessel, preparations, to, all, made, prior, be, by, the, arrival, port, should, in.
1. Ми склали додаткову ремонтну відомість. Ось, будь ласка, погляньте.
2. Фальшборт ми пошкодили під час швартування. Ремонт нескладний, але
мають відбутися великі зварювальні роботи.
3. Точні заміри зазорів валу у дейдвудному пристрої мають бути зроблені
старшим механіком.
4. Підпишіть, будь ласка, акт про задовільне завершення ремонту ВРШ.
5. Час від часу на судні проводяться наради, на яких визначають хід ремонту та
розглядають інші питання.
6. Якщо у ході ремонту виникає необхідність інших ремонтних робіт,
складається додаткова ремонтна відомість.
7.Odd one out

Drawing, sketch, blue print, sample
Person-in charge, technician, representative, responsible person
Conference, contest, meeting, discussion
Request, demand, recruitment, requirement
Insist, inquire, insect, involve
To offer, to suggest, to reject, to propose
80
IX.INTERNATIONAL MARITIME CONVENTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS
IX.1.A. The Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control

1. maritime a. operating costs
2. detailed b. rates
3. make c. deficiencies
4. outstanding d. substances
5. carry out e. detailed inspection
6. international f. a round
7. reduce g. authorities
8. harmful h. convention
9. freight i. inspection
2.Fill in the missing prepositions

( out/ with/ for/ to/ in/ of/ down)
1.Each authority will maintain an effective system of Port State Control to ensure that
a foreign merchant ships visiting its ports comply_____the standards laid _____in the
relevant international convention.
2.The inspection will consist___a visit on boars a ship.
3.It even may result____detaining the vessel.
4. Also in case of a detention it could be possible that the vessel will be allowed to
proceed___another port of the MOU to carry _____repairs
5. In the present situation the surveyors will not look ____defective equipment but
they will also have to assess whether the crew is able to handle the shipboard
equipment.
3.Give the full names of the following conventions:

 SOLAS
 MARPOL
 STCW
81
1. Особливе занепокоєння визивають судна, які перевозять нафту, так як
звичайні танкерні операції можуть привести до скидання нафти у море.
2. Причиною забруднення моря може бути також викид л’яльних вод з будь-
яких суден (не тільки танкерів), так як вони завжди забруднені
нафтопродуктами.
3. Усі скарги, щодо умов на борту, мають бути ретельно розслідувані.
4. Конвенція МАРПОЛ не могла вступити у силу одразу з деяких технічних
причин, причому одної з них була відсутність пристрою для прийому
нафтовмісних вод.
5. У звичайних умовах судно не має приймати водний баласт у паливні танки.
6. Сучасне вантажне судно має бути оснащене засобами устаткування, що
запобігає забрудненню моря.
7. Паризький меморандум про Держпортнагляд – це міжнародна згода, ціль якої
викорінювання роботи суден нижче встановленого стандарту.
8. Кожні морські власті будуть приводити у виконання положення даного
меморандуму.
9. Якщо під час поверхньового огляду судна інспектор держпортнагляду
помічає порушення, тоді судно проходить більш ретельну перевірку.
10. Судно може бути затримано для повторної перевірки та для виявленя
неусунутих несправностей.
11. Інспектор несе велику відповідальність, бо незаконний арешт судна веде до
судових ісків та компенсації издержек.
12. Інспектор не тільки виявляє несправне обладнання, але також оцінює
здатність екіпажу виконувати свої обов’язки під час навчальної тривоги.

1. refuge, owners, to, ship, take, tend situation, the, in, of, exotic, kinds, into, present,
all, registers
2.ships, operating, shipowner, operating, reduce, costs, can, his, substandard, a, how?
3.Shipping, who, the, in, the, interested, parties, are, of, safety?
4.Further, will, surveyor, whether, to, determine, proceed, inspection, the, with, the?
5.Bear, taking, what, Control, when, the, should, State, should, Port, mind, inspector,
in, the, to, a, detain, ship, decision?
6.Union, which, European, are, societies, by, the, recognizes, classification?
7.Abbreviations, six, maritime, important, English, most, conventions, names, the,
and, for, are, the, what?
8.Drills, what, purpose, perform, making, by, crew, a, surveyor, ship’s, the, the, is,
of?
82
9.Commitments, parties, are, what, MOU, the?
6.Odd one out

Underwriters, charterers, owners, typewriters
Substitute, subdivide, substandard, submit
Shipping, navigation, shipment, trade
Provisions, amendments, annexes, cases
Verify, confirm, certify, rectify
To take into account, to take into consideration, to mind, to take up
Capability, ability, skills, probability
7.Choose the right word

1.These drills may include an assessment of the capability/possibility of multi-
national crews to communicate absolutely/adequately in emergency situations.
2.In most cases/causes deficiencies will be rectified during the normal stay of the
ship in the port of inspection/investigation, but sometimes detection/detention is
necessary.
3.New developments are taking place/part in several regions of the world with the
purpose to come to similar/simpler system as is optional/operational in Europe.
4.Surveyors carry heavy/hard responsibility as undue detention or decay/delay may
lead to/in legal action for compensation of loss/lost or damage on the part/party of
the shipowner.
5.The MOU is aimedto/at the establishment of a harmonic/harmonized system of
Port State Control.
83
IX.1.B. Port State Control in the Netherlands

1. to comply with a. instrument
2. clear b. interest
3. to rectify c. action
4. pollution d. a vessel
5. legal e. round
6. a legal binding f. prevention
7. provisions of g. the owner
8. genuine h. deficiencies
9. to detain i. memorandum
10. superficial j. the provisions
11. on behalf of k. grounds

1.deficiencies, cases, in, during, the, the, inspection, of, stay, port, will, in, be, most,
normal, of, rectified, ship.
2. convention, pollution, the, solve, did, 1954, the, attempt, to, how, problem, of?
3.first, was, the, when, pollution, of, recognized, oil, problem?
4.was, from, greater, pollution, ships, oil, cause, of, what, the?
5.ballast, contaminate, does, tanker, its, a, way, in, oil, with, what, water?
6.face, our, does, what, problem, generation, dangerous?
7.Convention, International, did, the, for, Pollution, Ships, from, Prevention, when,
force, into, of, enter?
8.1954, the, adopt, conference, convention, did, what?
9.was, made what, feel, many, no, adequate, people, 1954, the, longer, convention?
3.Odd one out
Welfare, prosperity, property, wellbeing
Reason, ground, cause, substantiation
Perform, establish, effect, execute
Document, instrument, implement, endorsement
Achieve, obtain, gain, detain
To meet, to comply, to disobey, to agree
To provide, to ensure, to supply, to deliver
4.Choose the right word
84
1. Pollution resulting from/of routine tanker operation is the greater cause/case of oil
pollution of/from ships.
2.The 1954 convention attempted to trickle/tackle the problem in two main
ways/days.
3.Pollution can also come from engine room bilges, since/thus bilge water is always
contaminated by oil.
4.It is generally regarded as the most important international treaty ever
accepted/adopted in the struggle against/for pollution of the sea.
5.Yet no agreement had been reached /approached before the outbreak of the Second
World War.
6.Oil pollution of the sea was first remembered/ recognized as a problem before the
First World War

1. Забруднення навколишнього середовища викликає стурбованість в усьому
світі.
2. Свідоцтво має силу не більше п’яти років, за умови його щорічного
підтвердження.
3. Освідотством встановлено, що конструкція, обладнання та системи судна
відповідають всім вимогам.
4. У додатках до Конвенції вказані всі основні види забруднення моря.
5. Коли знаходиться який-небудь недолік, слід сповістити капітану, а недолік
виправити.
6.Міжнародне свідоцтво про запобігання забрудненню нафтою видано згідно
положень Міжнародної конвенції.
85

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О.Л. Нікуліна, Г.Б. Кравець, Л.О.

Manual of English for Marine Engineers

E.L. Nikoulina, H.B. Kravets, L.O. Kolomiichenko,

Workbook “Manual of English for Marine Engineers”

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ «ОДЕСЬКА МОРСЬКА АКАДЕМІЯ»

Кафедра англійської мови №3

MANUAL OF ENGLISH FOR MARINE ENGINEERS

Затверджено кафедрою англійської

Укладачі О.Л. Нікуліна, Г.Б. Кравець, Л.О. Коломійченко,

MANUAL OF ENGLISH FOR MARINE ENGINEERS (MECHANICAL

УДК 629.5.064 (075.8)(038)

3. Put the words in the right order.

4. Translate into English.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Put the words in the right order.

4. Translate into English.

5. Ask as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

6. Fill in the preposition

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Put the words in the right order.

5. Ask as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Fill in the preposition.

6. Use the Present Perfect Passive in these sentences.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Put the words in the right order.

4. Translate into English.

6. Ask as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Put the words in the right order.

3. Translate into English.

4. Put the sentence into the Plural.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Put the words in the right order.

4. Translate into English.

5. Ask general questions to the sentences.

6. Fill in the missing preposition or conjunction

7. Fill in the proper verb in the correct form

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Make these sentences passive.

3. Put the words in the right order.

4. Translate into English.

5. Fill in the preposition

6. Fill in the missing words

7. Ask as many special questions to the sentences as you can.

8. Explain the functions of the next objects.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Fill in the prepositions

3. Fill in the missing words

4. Make these sentences passive.

5. Which one is different?

6. Explain the meaning or the function of the following:

7. Translate into English

8. Put special questions to the following sentences.

1. Match the words that go together and translate them.

2. Fill in the proper verb in the right form.

3. Odd one out.

4. Can you explain the functions of the next objects:

6. Make these sentences passive.

7. Fill in the prepositions