TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

 Greetings

Good Morning Class and Peace be with you Good Morning Ma’am and Peace be with you.
How are you today? We’re fine, ma’am.
Okay, that’s good to hear.

 Checking of Attendance

Alright but before we start, let me just check your

attendance first.. Say present if your name is called.

ABDULLAH
AMAZON
DELA CRUZ
MAITO
BEHIC
SANDE
TURNO
DELAS PENAS
PATIAN
CHOME
ENOC
CAMPOS
BERNOS
LOBERANEZ
BEDANA
SUMILE
PELLAZAR
ABSIN
SUNANO
TEJANO
DAGUIO
ESTRABELA
LAUIO
ARANAYDO
DONASCO
MORENO
MODAL
NINI
OBIDA
LIM

 Online Classroom Rules

Good day everyone, in our last meeting we

discussed about rings and it’s properties. So, in
connection for that, today we will able to talk
about different topic but still in connection to our
previous discussion. But before we start, just like
our daily drill, I will be reminding you of our
classroom rules to minimize any distractions later
on. Kindly listen okay?
Yes maam
(name of student) kindly read the classroom
rules.

 Mute your microphones; just turn it on if you

have something to say.
 Always turn on your cameras.
 No eating during the class to avoid any
distractions.
 Be attentive since I will be asking questions
from time to time.

Okay, so for our classroom rules, I am expecting

everyone to mute their microphones especially
whenever I am discussing. This will be able to
acknowledge the essence of proper application of
respect towards your educators. Also, please do
turn on your cameras. I want to see your faces
since it will be a way for me to check on you.
However, if there are any instances that you
cannot open your cameras, just let me know.
Third, I don’t want any of you eating while I am
having a discussion here okay? Lastly, be
attentive since I will be calling names and that will
be conducted unexpectedly. Are we clear?

Am I clear class?
Yes maam
 Review

By the way, before we proceed, let’s have some recap

regarding with our discussion last meeting.

Give me one example of the properties of ring? You

(student’s name) For any element a in a ring R, the equation a + x = 0R has a
unique solution.

Alright, that’s correct. Another one? You (student’s name)

If a + b = a + c in a ring R, then b = c.

Alright, I’m glad that you are still familiar with that since
those properties will be able to guide you for our today’s
discussion.

 Motivation

I will flash a photo on screen and give your insights about

the photo presented.

ACTIVITY: “PICTURE ANALYSIS”

(the student will answer)

GROUPINGS
 What can you say about the picture? What do you think
are the children doing?

SET OF MAKEUP BRUSH

How about from the second picture?

Okay everyone, what do you think is the images

meant to say? Do you think is it something
Yes ma’am, as what I can see on the screen,
related to our topic?
both pictures shows a “group or set”. Such as in
the first one, it shows children playing ‘group
yourself’ whereas on the second one, it is a set of
makeup brushes.
Alright, that’s good!, the first picture shows a group of
people who are grouping themselves. On the other hand,
the second picture shows a set of makeup brushes. How Yes miss since if we will able to pattern this to
about it’s relevance? Do you think it is somehow our previous discussion, I assume our topic today
related to our discussion? will be subrings.

Okay, so let’s check if your assumption is right

Hmm, so by the end of this discussion, I/we
am/are expecting everyone to acknowledge these
objectives. So please be attentive and listen very
carefully since I assure you that by the end of my
discussion we/I will be checking if who among
you here are unable to take down notes or listen
to what I am saying in here. Do you understand?
Yes ma’am.

 Presentation of Objectives

Okay class, please read.

By the end of our lesson, you will be able to :

 Define what is subring,

 Solve and prove that a property is considered a
(Students read)
subring and,
 Show appreciation to the discussion through
solving real life problems.

"So now, based on the images and presented objectives, I

am sure that most of you here have already guessed our
discussion for today, right?" (students guessing)

“Our discussion for today is all about Subrings”. So What

you have assumed for today’s topic was correct.
We will be talking about subrings and in
connection with the images that I have shown to
you earlier, they were related to our discussion.
But, before I start, what do you think is subrings?
How is it related to abstract algebra? How is it
related to rings and ideals? Any idea?
None? Okay…

 Lesson Proper

(Student’s name) can you please read the text on the

presentation? Yes ma'am
( student 1 is reading)
 Subring is a subset of a mathematical ring
which is itself a ring.
 Proof: Subring S of a ring R is a subset of R
which is a ring under the same operations as R.

Okay, so subrings is a subset of a mathematical

ring which is itself a ring. In other words, subrings
are still a ring but considered as a subset which is
definitely related to our topic last meeting.
A subring of R is a subset of a ring that is itself a ring when
binary operations of addition and multiplication on R are
restricted to the subset, and which shares the same
multiplicative identity as R. for those who define rings
without requiring the existence of a multiplicative identity,
a subring of R is just a subset of R that is a ring for the
operations of R (this does imply it contains the additive
identity of R.)

Let’s have some examples.

Example:

(a) The set {a + b√5 | a, b ∈ Z} is a subring of the ring R.

Moving forward, there is a criterion for a subring which is a

non-empty subset S of R is a subring if a, b ∈ S ⇒ a – b, ab
∈ S.

Do you understand?
Yes Ma’am

Okay, can someone answer this one and explain? How do

you prove subrings? “There will be a corresponding theorem in which supports
a particular subring to prove its existence.”
JESRYL

Okay so I know that most of you here are already

aware of theorems right since these properties
are required in every mathematical concepts in
abstract algebra. Along with this, in subrings
there are actually a lot of theorems to be
considered however, they corresponds to a
specific view.

Here are one of it’s example : Let r under the

operations addition multiplication be a ring. A non
empty subset S of R is called a subring of R if S
under the operations addition multiplication is a
ring.

Definition1: Let the set of positive real numbers of R (R,+,.)

be a ring. A non empty subset S of R is called a subring of R
if (S,+,.) is a ring.

Here’s a proof with this definition…

Proof: The proof is an elementary consequence of a similar

theorem about groups. Clearly necessity is clear. For
sufficiency, note that 0=a-a is in S, -a=0-a is in S and a+b=a-
(-b) is also in S. Other properties of a ring follow trivially.

So in the theorem…
Theorem 1.16: The intersection of two subrings of a ring R
is a subring of R.

Alright, so as we take a closer look on this, it is

truly important for us to acknowledge the
importance of every theorems since it determine
how and what should we consider to
acknowledge in seeking and proving subrings.

Example 1: By proving that S = { a + b√3 | a, b ∈ Z} is a

subring of R we need to apply the theorem 5.2 since it is
sufficient to check that S is nonempty and satisfies the
three closure properties.

Example 2: Okay another example; let’s assume that the

first S is a subring of R. We must prove that the four
properties above are satisfied. Therefore, acknowledging
the theorems 2.10 and 2.9 we will able to prove its
properties since it follows x = -a.
Alright, so what do you think is the main function
of theorems? It determines if a certain subring is truly a subring
of a particular property. Also, through this, we
can be able to prove them as well.
Correct! That’s why we need to acknowledge and
study theorems of everything properties as well
as their definition since it will be the basis of how
should we address every problem.

Alright, as what I have mentioned before we start,

I will be showing you a problem in which you
need to show or explain your answers. After 2
minutes, I will be calling names to provide and
discuss their solutions.

OKAY CLASS, I’LL GIVE YOU SOME TIME TO ANSwER THIS…

Let R = Z8 and let S ⊆ R be given by S = {¯0,¯2,¯4,¯6}. Prove

that S is a subring of Z8.

START Now
(students is answering)
Is to show that S is closed under forming inverses of its
nonzero elements.
(2 minutes is done)

Okay, so can we have (student’s name) to give

us his answer?
(AHMAR)
Solution :

Well if we analyze the problem, obviously s is not

equal since it is an empty set. Therefore, here’s
my solution since it shows how required
properties hold in which proves that s is a subring
of 28.

I won’t deny, I’m amazed. Good job. Okay so

now, I will be enumerating the four properties of
the subring R

Conversely , any subring of R has these four properties :

(i) S is nonempty,
(ii) S is closed under multiplication (that is, ab ∈ S for
all a, b ∈ S),
(iii) S is closed under addition (a + b ∈ S for all a, b ∈ S),
(iv) S is closed under forming negatives.

Okay, so in identifying subrings, we need to take

a look at these properties to make sure if the
values are on its appropriate placement or
Subring.

Any questions before we proceed to your activity?

None from you, but I do have. So, what do you None so far ma’am.
think is considered to be a difficult situation when
proving a subring?
The difficult situation when proving a subring Is to
show that S is closed under forming inverses of
 its nonzero elements.
Alright, anyone in the class who will answer my question, is
an ideal a subring?
(Student will answer)
Answer: An ideal must be closed under multiplication of
an element in the ideal by any element in the ring. Since
the ideal definition requires more multiplicative closure
than the subring definition, therefore, any ideal is a
subring)

Since all of you here in the class are already familiar with
subrings I have a question, the following subsets of Z with
ordinary addition and multiplication satisfy all but one of
the axioms for a ring. In each case, which axiom fails. Let’s
first identify to the set S of odd integers.
(student will answer)
Answer: The sum of two odd integers is a even integer.
Therefore, the set S is not closed under addition. So, axiom
1 is violated.)

Correct, how about to the set of nonnegative integers?

(student will answer)

Answer: If a is a positive integer, then there is no solution
of a + x = 0 that is also positive. So, Axiom 5 is violated.
OKAY VERY GOOD
Right! So now let us proceed to your activity. So
for today’s task, I will be dividing you to five
groups and you will be solving and proving the
subrings of the given problems.

 Application
 STUDENT READ
To test your ability. I will divide you into five groups.

ACTIVITY: JUSTIFY ME!

Instruction: The class will be divided into 5 groups. Each

group must complete answering the questions and must
able to justify/prove subrings. All you have to do is to
solve the question given and state their theorem/s or
proofs which will support your solution.

1st - 15 points
2nd -10 points
Last group - 5 points

You only have 20 minutes to do so, and once you are

done, the representative of each group must submit to
me their answers/work through email. Also, you will be
guided with this rubric.
Yes ma’am.
CAN SOMEONE READ THE RUBRIC?

Is that clear? Any questions?

okay, you may now start.

1. Suppose that {0} 6= T ⊆ R is a subring of R, an

integral domain. Show that T is also an integral
domain.
 
2. Which of the following subsets are subrings and
which are not. 

Z ⊆ Q : 

3Zmod 12 ⊆Zmod 12 : 

Z ⊕ Q ⊆ Q ⊕ Q : 

{0} ⊕ Z ⊆Zmod 2 ⊕ Z : 

C[x², y] ⊆ C[x, y] : 

3. Find an example of two rings R ⊆ S such that R and S

 both have the same addition and multiplication
operation, and both have multiplicative identities, but
that 1R 6= 1S.
 
4. Find an explicit counter-example of a subring T⊆ R
such that the multiplication on R/T is not well-
defined. 

5. Rings are not the right thing to form quotient groups

with. Something else is ideals.

Okay so let me know if you’re already finish

answering.

Okay, I guess everyone are already able to send

their answers so since this is quite a long task,
we will be checking your answers next meeting.
Are we clear?

Alright, that’s all for today. Good bye everyone

and thank your for participating. Have a great day
everyone.