]B VV>VD

gu_ k^ \uD

\DV|

gu_ (.V)
 nghUs; xd;W Ntiyiar; nra;tjw;  jiuapypUe;J nghUis cah;j;j
fhd jpwd;> mjd; Mw;wy; vd nra;ag;gLk; Ntiy mjd; epiy
tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mw;wy; MFk;. gS J}f;Fjy;.
 ntg;gk; xUtif Mw;wy; vd;gijf;  mizapy; Njf;fg;gLk; ePhpd; epiy
fz;Lgpbj;jth; N[k;]; [{y;. ahw;wy; kpf mjpfk;. mizapypUe;J
,jdhy; jhd; Mw;wypd; myif [{y; ntspNaWk; NghJ mJ Roy;
rf;fuq;fis ,aq;fr; nra;J
vd;fpNwhk;.
kpd;dhw;wy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
guo[ _k k^
,JNt ePh;kpd; cw;gj;jpapd; jj;Jt
 ve;jpu Mw;wy;> epiyahw;wy;> ,af;f
khFk;.
Mw;wy;> Ntjp Mw;wy;> kpd;dhw;wy;>
 epiyahw;wy; Nfhit Ep = mgh
ntg;g Mw;wy;> R+hpa Mw;wy;>
B gu_
fhw;whw;wy; Nghd;wit Mw;wypd; rpy
 nghUs; xd;W mjd; ,af;fj;jpdhy;
Kf;fpa tiffshFk;.
ngw;Ws;s Mw;wy; ,af;f Mw;wy;
] gu_ vdg;gLk;.
 nghUs; xd;iw efh;j;j my;yJ ,lg;  nghUspd; ,af;f Mw;wy; mjd;
ngah;r;rp nra;ag; gad;gLk; Mw;wy; Ntfj;ijg; nghUj;J mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
ve;jpu Mw;wy; vdg;gLk;. ve;jpu  Fwpg;gpl;l jpirNtfj;jpy; nry;Yk;
Mw;wiy ,Utifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;. nghUspd; ,af;f Mw;wyhdJ.
 epiy Mw;wy; nghUshdJ mj;jpirNtfj;ijg;
 ,af;f Mw;wy; ngWtjw;fhfr; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy
W gu_ apd; mstpw;Fr; rkkhFk;.
 nghUs; xd;W mjd; epiyiag; (.V)
nghUj;J my;yJ mjd; jphpigg;  Rj;jpaypd; ,af;f Mw;wy;> Mzp
nghUj;J ngw;Ws;s Mw;wy; epiy apidr; RthpDs; CLUtpr;
Mw;wy; vdg;gLk;. nrYj;Jjy;.


 ]B VV>VD

 Jg;ghf;fpapypUe;J ntspg;gLk; k gu_

Fz;bd; ,af;f Mw;wy; fhuzkhff;  Ntjptpidfs; kw;Wk; cuha;tpd;
Fz;lhdJ ,yf;Fg; nghUis %ykhf ntg;g Mw;wy; fpilf;fpwJ.
CLUtpr; nry;fpwJ. Ek = ½ mv2 B[^
k]BVu_  R+hpadplkpUe;J ntspg;gLk; ntg;g
 Ntjpahw;wy; vd;gJ Ntjptpidapd; Mw;wypdhy; jhd; kio fpilf;fpwJ.
NghJ ntspg;gLk; Mw;wy; MFk;.  mdy;kpd; epiyaq;fspy; epyf;fhpia
B[^ vhpg;gjhy; fpilf;Fk; ntg;g Mw;wy;
 jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;
tsh;r;rpf;Fk; nray;fSf;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ.
mtw;wpd; cztpYs;s Ntjpahw;wy;  kpd;rhu mLg;G> kpd;rhuj; Nja;g;G
gad;gLfpwJ. ngl;b Kjypatw;wpy; kpd;dhw;wy;
 kpd;fyd;fspy; cs;s Ntjp Mw;wyp ntg;g Mw;wyhf khw;wkilfpwJ.
ypUe;J kpd;dhw;wy; fpilf;fpwJ. B gu_
 vhpnghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ  R+hpadplk; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; Mw;wy;
mjpYs;s Ntjpahw;wy; ntg;g R+hpa Mw;wy; MFk;.
Mw;wyhfTk;> xsp Mw;wyhfTk;  fp.K. 212 ,y; Mh;f;fpkpb]; vd;w
khw;wkilfpwJ. fpNuf;f ehl;L mwpQh; R+hpa
(.V) Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp cUg;ngUf;fp
 kuk;> epyf;fhp> cz;Zk; czT> %yk; Nuhkhdpag; Nghh;f;fg;gy;fis
ngl;Nuhy;. vhpj;jhh;.
t[Vu_ B[^
 kpd; tpsf;fpy; kpd;dhw;wy; xspahw;w  ePh; R+Nlw;Wk; fUtp> R+hpa mLg;G
yhfTk; kpd;tprpwpapd; kpd;dhw;wy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; R+hpa Mw;wy;
,af;f Mw;wyhfTk; khw;wkilfpwJ. Neubahfg; gad;gLfpwJ.
fhw;whiyfspy; fhw;wpd; ,af;f  nraw;iff; Nfhs;fspYk>;
Mw;wy; %yk; kpd;dhw;wy; fzf;fPl;Lf; fUtpfspYk; R+hpa
ngwg;gLfpwJ. kpd;fyd;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd.
B[^  R+hpa Mw;wy; thfdq;fis ,af;fTk;
 njhopw;rhiyfspy; ,ae;jpuq;fis gad;gLfpwJ.
,af;fTk; njhiyj; njhlh;Gj; gu_ as[\ s]
JiwapYk; kpd;dhw;wy; gad;gLfpwJ.  Mw;wiy Mf;fNth> mopf;fNth
 ngU efuq;fspYk; kpd;rhuj; njhlh; KbahJ. xU tif Mw;wiy kw;nwhU
tz;bia ,af;f kpd;dhw;wy; gad; tif Mw;wyhf khw;w KbAk;.
gLfpwJ.


 ]B VV>VD

,jidNa Mw;wy; moptpd;ik tpjp b c

vd;fpNwhk;.  kpd; Mw;wy; cw;gj;jpf;fhf
 ve;j Xh; Mw;wy; khw;wj;jpYk; nkhj;j tbtikf;fg;gl;l mZf;fU ciyapy;
Mw;wypd; msT khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;. fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwapy; epiy
(.V) epWj;jg;gl;l mZf;fU gpsT njhlh;
 ePh; ,iwf;fg; gad;gLk; kpd;Nkhl;lhh; tpisT Mw;wiy ntsptpLfpwJ.
,aq;Fk; nghOJ Vw;gLk; Mw;wy;  ntspg;gLk; Mw;wy; ePuhtpia
khw;wk;. cUthf;fp kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp
 ,q;F kpd; Nkhl;lhiu ,af;fr; nra;fpwJ.
nrytplg;gLk; kpd;dhw;wyhdJ b 
,af;f Mw;wyhfTk; xyp Mw;w  n[h;kd;mwptpayhsh;fs;Ml;Nlh`ud;
yhfTk; ntg;g Mw;wyhfTk; khw;wk; kw;Wk; ];l;uh];Nkd; 1939 - ,y;
milfpwJ. ANudpak; mZf;fU epA+l;uhd;
 kpd;dhw;wy; (kpd;Nkhl;lhiu ,af;fj; nfhz;L jhf;fg;gLk; NghJ Mw;wy;
Njitg;gLfpwJ) → ,af;f Mw;wy; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
(ePiu NkNyw;w) + xyp Mw;wy;  kpff; fdkhd mZf;fU> NgusT
(kpd;Nkhl;lhh; ,aq;Fk; NghJ Mw;wy; ntspaPl;Lld; ,U Jz;L
ntspg;gLtJ) + ntg;g Mw;wy;

Mw;wy; khw;wk; (v.fh)

Ntjpahw;wy; ntg;g Mw;wyhf epyf;fhp
khw;wkilfpwJ. kpd;rhuk; fpilf;fpwJ
kpd;dhw;wy; xyp Mw;wyhf khWfpwJ. xyp ngUf;fp
epiy Mw;wy; ,af;f Mw;wyhf kpd;dhf;fpapd; rf;fuj;ij Royr;
khWfpwJ. nra;tjhy; kpd; Mw;wy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
Ntjpahw;wy; ntg;g Mw;wyhf khw;wg; kuk;> epyf;fhp> ngl;Nuhy;> Bry;> vhpthA
gLfpwJ. Kjypatw;iw vhpf;Fk; NghJ
xsp Mw;wy; Ntjp Mw;wyhf khw;w xspr;Nrh;f;ifapd; NghJ jhtuq;fs;
kilfpwJ. R+hpadplkpUe;J ngWk; Mw;wy;
kpd; Mw;wy; xyp Mw;wyhf khw;w kpd;rhu miog;G kzp> thfdq;fspy;
kilfpwJ. cs;s xyp vOg;gpfs;
Ntjpahw;wy; kpd;dhw;wyhf khwp lhh;r; tpsf;fpy; cs;s kpd;fyj; njhFg;gpy;
mjpypUe;J xsp Mw;wy; khw;wk;. Vw;gLk; Mw;wy; khw;wk;.


 ]B VV>VD

-fshf gpsf;fg;gLk; nray;Kiw  ,J NgusT ntg;g Mw;wiy

mZf;fUg; gpsT vdg;gLk;. ntsptpLfpwJ. (v.fh.) i`l;u[d;
 mZf;fUg; gpsT epA+l;uhd; Fz;L.
ntspaPl;NlhL ,ize;jjhFk;.  1H + 1H → 2He + 0n9 + 30n Mw;wy;
2 3 4 1 1

(.V)  fjph;tPr;rpd; myF uhz;l;[d; MFk;.

 U238 cld; mZf;fU gpsT
92
\AV gu_ J^
 92U + 9n → 56Ba + 36Kr + 39n + \ V^^
235 1 141 92 1

200MeV  gbk vhpnghUs;fs; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhj

b 
 ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l
Nyrhd mZf;fUf;fs; ,ize;J
fdkhd mZf;fUf;fs; cUthFk;
nray;Kiw mZf;fU ,izT
MFk;.
 mZf;fU ,izT nray;Kiw 107K
vd;w cah; ntg;gepiyapy; kl;Lk;
epfo;j;jg;glf; $baJ. Vnddpy;
cah; ntg;gepiyapy; kl;LNk
mZf;fUf;fs; mitfspd; gu];gu
vjph;g;G tpiria ntw;wp nfhs;s
,aYk;.
 vdNt mZf;fU ,izTf;F Kd;
Nyrhd mZf;fUf;fspd; ntg;gepiy
gy gpy;ypad; bfphp cah;e;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
[ z|
 mZf;fU ,izT tpid ntg;g
mZf;fU tpidfs; vdg;gLfpwJ.
 mZFz;L ntbj;j clNd bA+l;uhd;
kw;Wk; bhpl;lhdpd; nghUj;jkhd
Nrh;g;G xd;wpizf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 fl;Lghlw;w Kiwapy; Nyrhd
mZf;fUf;fspd; ,izit
rhjfkhd ntg;gepiyapy;
Jtf;FfpwJ.
Mw;wy; %yq;fs; MFk;.
 ,j;jifa %yq;fis mr;r%l;Lk;
Ntfj;jpy; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ej
; hy;>
ekJ Mw;wy; jPh;e;J NghFk;.
 ,ijj; jtph;g;gjw;F khw;W Mw;wy;
%yq;fs; Ma;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
_ gu_ D
 Mw;wy; epiyaq;fspy; xt;nthU
ehSk; kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp nra;a
ePiu ntg;gg;gLj;j ngUk; mstpyhd
gbk vhpnghUs;fs; cUthfpd;wd.
 kpd;dhw;wyhf khw;wg;gLfpd;w ntg;g
Mw;wiy cz;lhf;f vhpnghUs;
vhpf;fg; gLfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ,J
mdy; Mw;wy; $lk; vd;W miof;fg;
gLfpwJ.
\A VV gu_ J^
B gu_
 midj;Jr; nray;fSf;Fk; R+hpa
Mw;wNy mbg;gil ,e;jpahtpd;
midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; R+hpa Mw;wiyg;
ngWfpd;wd.
 ,jd; %yk; 500 bhpy;ypad; fpNyh
thl; mstpw;F R+hpa Mw;wiy
cw;gj;jp nra;a ,aYk;.
 ,j;jF msg;ghpa R+hpa Mw;wiy
,U topfspy; ehk; ngw ,aYk;.


 ]B VV>VD

 njh;ky; (ntg;g Mw;wy;) (.V)

 Nghl;lh Nthy;lhapf; Kiw (xsp  ePh; cah;j;Jk; gk;G
ahw;wy;) (xsp kpd; fyd;fs;)  kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp nra;aTk;
[\^ fhw;W Mw;wy; gad;gLfpwJ.
 ,aq;Fk; gFjpfs; ,y;yhjit  fhw;whw;wy; Rw;Wr;R+oy; el;GilaJ.
vdNt> Fiwe;j guhkhpg;G Njitg; NkYk; jpwd; kpFe;jg; GJgpf;ff;$ba
gLfpd;wd. Mw;wy; %yk;.
Vu gu_  kpd;dhw;wy; cw;gj;jpf;Fj; njhlh;
 fhw;wpd; ,af;f Mw;wy; Ntiy nryTfs; Njitg;glhjJ.
nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ. cl gu_
 kj;jpa kuGrhuh vhprf;jpj; Jiwapd;  vhpnghUs;fs; jhtuk; kw;Wk;
fzf;fPl;bd;gb> ,e;jpahtpy; 45600 tpyq;Ffspd; cw;gj;jp nghUs;
MW fhw;W Mw;wiy cw;gj;jp nra;a fshjyhy; ,j;jifa vhpnghUs;
,aYk;. %yq;fs; caphp Mw;wy; %yq;fs;
 Kjy; fhw;whiy 1986-y; vdg;gLfpwJ.
epWtg;gl;lJ.  khl;Lr;rhzk;> jhtug; nghUs;fs;>
 fhw;whiyfis epWTk; NghJ kl;LNk gaph;fspd; mWtilf;Fg; gpe;ija
mjpf nryT Vw;gLk;. gpd;dh; kpd; nghUs;fs;> tPl;L cgNahf fopTfs;
cw;gj;jpf;F MFk; nryT kpf ,it rpije;J caphp thAit
FiwT. jUfpd;wd.
 tpirahopf;Fj; Njitahd Ntfj;ij  khl;Lr; rhzj;jpypUe;J caphpthA
epiy epWj;jf; fhw;wpd; Ntfk; kzpf;F ngwg;gLfpwJ. Nfhgh; thA vdTk;
15 fp.kP I tpl kpf mjpfkhf ,Uf;f miof;fyhk;.
Ntz;Lk;.  Cufg; gFjpfspy; vhpnghUshfg;
 cyfpd; kpfg; nghpa fhw;whiy gad;gLfpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;by; fd;dpahFkhp  ,jd; gFjpg; nghUl;fshtd kPj;Njd;
khtl;lj;jpy; Muy;tha; nkhop 55% fhh;gd; il Mf;i]L 45%.
vd;Dkplj;jpy; cs;sJ.  ,jd; ntg;g Mw;wy;> kz;nzz;
nza;> vhp tpwF ,tw;iw tpl mjpfk;.
khepyk; fhw;W Miy
 caphp thA cw;gj;jpj; jpl;lk; 1982-
jkpo;ehL Kg;ge;jy;> 1983 ,y; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
ngUq;Fb
As k ]
kfhuh\;buh rjhuh  ek; ehl;by; Gtp ntg;g rf;jp
fh;ehlfh N[hfpkjp mghpkpjkhf cs;sJ.
F[uhj; yk;gh> kz;ltp


 ]B VV>VD

 340 ,lq;fs;> Gtp ntg;g rf;jp jil nra;aTk; Mw;wpd; kPJ kpf
ikaq;fshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. caukhd ,jdhy; mizfs;
 ,jid gad;gLj;jp kpd;dhw;wy; fl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Muha;r;rp  ePh; kl;lk; cah;fpwJ. NkYk; ,r;nray;
njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kiwapy; ghAk; ePhpd; ,af;f Mw;wy;
khepyk; ikaq;fs; epiy Mw;wyhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ.
,khr;ryg; kzpf;fuz; aom gu_
gpuNjrk;  Kjy; ju efuq;fspypUe;J 30
[k;K fh\;kPh; Gfh gs;sj;jhf;F kpy;ypad; ld; efuj; jplf; fopTfs;
(ylhf;) ntspahfpd;wd. ,J jtpu
njhopw;rhiyfs; %yKk; (rh;f;fiu
rl;B];fh; jl;lghzp
Miy> fhfpj Miy) fopTfs;
{>  gu_ ntspNaWfpd;wd. ,jpypUe;J
 ,e;jpahtpy; 8000-9000 MW Xj miy ngwg;gLk; nkhj;j Mw;wy; 2700
Mw;wy; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; msT jpwd; MW Mf ,Uf;Fk; vd fzf;fplg;
cs;sJ. gLfpwJ.
 F[uhj; - fhk;Ng tisFlh> fl;r; _ k gu_
tisFlh Nkw;F tq;fhsk; - (Ocean thermal Energy Conversion)
Re;jutdk;.  fly; my;yJ ngUq;flypd;
 gu_ Mo;gFjpapy; ePh; Fsph;r;rpaha;
 ,e;jpahtpy; 4000MW msT miy ,Uf;fpd;w nghOJ Nkw;gug;gpy; cs;s
Mw;wy; cw;gj;jp nra;a ,aYk;. ePh; R+hpadhy; ntg;gg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 Nfush khepyk; tpopQ;rk; flw;fiuapy; ntg;gepiyapy; cs;s ,t;NtWghL
miy Mw;wy; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ngUq;fly; ntg;g Mw;wy; khw;wf;
mikg;G epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ. fydpy; Mw;wiyg; ngwg; gad;gLj;jg;
 kw;Nwhh; mikg;G> me;jkhd; epf;Nfhgh; gLfpwJ.
jPTfspy; mike;Js;sJ.  2 fp.kP Moj;jpy; cs;s ePUf;Fk;
Vu_ D Nkw;gug;gpy; cs;s ePUf;Fk; ,il
 ePh; Mw;wy; $lq;fs; tpOfpd;w ePhpd; apyhd ntg;gepiy NtWghL 293 K
Mw;wiy kpd; Mw;wyhf khw;W (20˚C) my;yJ mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;>
fpd;wd. ,j;jifa jpl;lk; nray;gl KbAk;.
 ePh; kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp nra;t  Nkw;gug;gpy; ntg;gkhd ePh;
jw;fhfg; nghpa ePh;j; Njf;fq;fspy; mk;Nkhdpah Nghd;w MtpahFk;
ePiu Nrfhpg;gjhy; ePNuhl;lj;ijj; jputq;fis nfhjpf;f itf;f
cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.


 ]B VV>VD

 jputj;jpd; Mtp kpd;dpaw;wpapd;  Njrpa mdy; kpd; fofk; (NTPC) mdy;

tpirahopia ,af;f cgNahfpf;fg; kpd; rf;jpia cUthf;Fk; nghUl;L
gLfpwJ. 1975 Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
 khf;flypd; Moj;jpy; cs;s  jw;NghJ NTPC d; fPo; epyf;fhp rhh;e;j
Fsph;e;j ePh; NkNy nfhz;L R+g;gh; mdy; kpd; jpl;lq;fs; 15-k; thA
tug;gl;L Mtp kPz;Lk; jputkhf / ePh;k mbg;gil nfhz;l $l;L Row;rp
Fsph;tpf;fg;gLfpwJ. flypy; ,Ue;J jpl;lq;fs; 7 k; nray;gLfpd;wd.
fpilf;fpd;w Mw;wy; kpf mjpfkhf  mZ Mw;wy; epWtdk; 1954 Mk;
,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; jpwd;kpF th;j;jf Mz;L buhk;Ngapy; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
gad;ghl;by; fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. gpd;dh; 1967-y; ghgh mZ
 5000 MW mstpw;F ,e;jpahtpy;
Muha;r;rp ikak; vd ngah; khw;wk;
OTEC %yk; Mw;wy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.  Kjy; fdePh; mZ ciy eq;fy;
 ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; OTEC ciy
vDkplj;jpy; 1962 y; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
jkpo;ehL flw;fiuNahuj;jpy; epWT
kw;w fdePh; mZ ciyfs; ,Uf;Fk;
tjw;fhf jpl;lk; jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,lq;fshtd tNjhuh> J}j;Jf;Fb>
mjd; jpwd; 100 MW Mf ,Uf;Fk; Nfhlh> jhy;> `hrpuh> kq;f@h;.
vd fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Mw;wy; jpl;lk; 1982
gu_ \DV| Mk; Mz;L Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
 ,e;jpah kpf Ntfkhf tsh;e;J tUk;
 kuGrhuh Mw;wy; Jiw 1982 Mk;
ehlhFk;. vdNt Mw;wYf;fhd Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
NjitfSk; ehs;NjhWk; tsh;e;J
 ,e;jpa GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Mw;wy;
tUfpwJ.
Nkk;ghl;L Mizak; 1987-,y;
 ,e;jpahtpd; kpd; cw;gj;jp vd;gJ
Muk;gkhdJ.
1887 Mk; Mz;bw;F gpd;dh;jhd;  1992-Mk; Mz;L ,t;thizak; kuG
njhlq;fpaJ.
rhuh Mw;wy; Jiw vd ngah; khw;wk;
 1887 Mk; Mz;by; lhh;[pypq;fpy;
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
ePh; kpd;rf;jp epiyak; xd;W
]VVkm n>V| ]
Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
z
 gpd;dh; 1902 Mk; Mz;L rptrKj;jpuk;  11 tJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lj;jpy; kpd;
(fh;ehlf khepyk;) ePh;tPo;r;rpapy; ePh; cw;gj;jpf;fhd ,yf;F 78,700 MW
kpd;rf;jp epiyak; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. (Mega Watt) vd eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ.
 Njrpa ePh;kpd;epiyak; (NHPC)  vdpDk; jpl;l Kbtpy; 54,964 MW
(kpdpuj;dh epWtdk;) 1975 Mk; vd;w ,yf;Nf vl;lg;gl;lJ.
Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.



 ,e;j cw;gj;jp> 10 tJ Ie;jhtJ
jpl;lj;jpd; Nghjhd cw;gj;jpia tpl
,uz;liu klq;F mjpfk;.
 kj;jpa kpd;rhu Mizak; (CEA) 1948
Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
 kpd;rhur; rl;lk; 2003
 kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp> kw;Wk; gfph;T
Nghd;wtw;wpy; 100% me;epa KjyPlb
; w;F
(Automatic Approval) mDkjp toq;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
12 km n>V| ]]_
 9 jPtpu nkfh rf;jp jpl;lk; (Ultra Mega
Power Project) jpl;lq; fSf;F kj;jpa
muR xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.
mitahdtd.
 jPtpu nkfh rf;jp jpl;lk; (Ultra Mega
Power Projects)
1. rhrd; (kj;jpag; gpuNjrk;)
2. Ke;j;uh (F[uhj;)
3. fpU\;zhk;gl;bdk; (Me;jpug;
gpuNjrk;)
4. jpy;iyah ([hh;fz;l;)
5. rl;B];fh;
6. xb]h
7. jkpo;ehL
8. kfhuh\;buh
9. fh;ehlfh
t[V W] wD
(Power Grid Corporation)
 ml;ltiz “A” d; fPo; tUk; kj;jpa
nghJj;Jiw epWtdk; MFk;.
•••
]B VV>VD
 [Piy 16> 1986 k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;
gl;lJ.
 tq;fp rhuh epjpAjtp mspf;Fk;
epWtdkhFk;.
 etuj;dh me;j];J ngw;wJ.
 ,e;jpa kpd;rf;jp Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jk;
nghUl;L epjp rhh;e;j kw;Wk; epjp rhuh
cjtpia ,f;fofk; toq;FfpwJ.
k  wD
 ,e;jpa muR epWtdkhf mf;Nlhgh; 23>
1989 Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
 2008 Mk; Mz;L etuj;dh me;j];J
tq;fg;gl;lJ.
 gFjpfs; / khepyq;fSf;fpilNa
kpd;rhuj;ij> ghJfhg;ghfTk;>
Fiwthd nrytpYk;> ek;gfj;jd;ik
cilajhfTk; nfhz;L nry;y
gth; fphpl; fofk; Njitahd topj;
jlq;fisf; fl;likg;G nra;fpwJ.
V V] Vt[ sR][
]D
(Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana)
 fpuhkg; gFjpapy; cs;s FbapUg;G
fSf;F kpd; ,izg;G toq;Fk;
jpl;lkhFk;. ,J khh;r; 2005 ,d;
njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
 Cuf kpd;rhu fofk; (etuj;dh
epWtdk;) %yk; ,j;jpl;lk; nray;
gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.