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Cbsusui Njle =
4. CBICD
CBICD VBJXBD
VBJXBD @E\VI\
@E\VI\J
J @. 45144
45144113
113?5
?5
7. B@L VDHBWD
VDHBWD DHSD
DHSD KD\JBC
KD\JBCD
D 451441
451441135
1358
8
6. WNVD CLJBKD KLJVDVDBJ 451441132?
3. IDCBDE HBSWBDIBIOVBE DND142121?
<. XBFD
XBFD DWODW
ODWLSD
LSD WD
WDKDC
KDCEDIB
EDIB DND1
DND14
4212
1276
76
8. ]D@B
]D@BRD
RDS\
S\J
J DVR
DVRBH
BHD
D DND142127<
@DSD QLIODISDW
Qumb syu`ur `dkb pdimdt`di `ledcbrdt Suedi Rdio Kded Lsd `drlid tljde
klkglrb`di `l`udtdi cdi `lkdkpudi slebiood kd`djde bib gbsd sljlsdb tlpdt
pdcd wd`tuiyd. Dcdpui tumudi cdrb pliyusuidi kd`djde bib dcdjde uitu`
klkliueb tuods Kdtd @ujbde Gucdyd Ditb @nrupsb.
Qliu
Qliujb
jbss klio
kliouf
ufdp
dp`d
`di
i tlrbk
tlrbkdd `d
`dsbe
sbe `l
`lpd
pdcd
cd slkud
slkud pb
pbed
ed`
` yd
ydio
io tl
tljd
jde
e
klkgditu cdi klicu`uio cdjdk pliyusuidi kd`djde bib. Qliujbs sdcdr kd`djde
bib gljuk slkpurid cdi klklrju`di glrgdodb plrgdb`di, njle `drlid btu `rbtb`
cd
cdi
i sdrdi
sdrdi yd
ydio
io klkg
klkgdi
diou
oui
i sdiod
sdiodtt cbgu
cbgutu
tue`
e`di
di.. Vl
Vlkn
knod
od kd`d
kd`djd
jde
e bi
bibb gb
gbsd
sd
glrkdihddt uitu` slkud pbed`.
Qliujbs
CDHSDW BVB
@DSD QLIODISDW
CDHSDW BVB
GDG B QLICDE\J\DI
JDSDW GLJD@DIO.............................
GLJD@DIO...................................................
..........................................
....................
W\K\VDI KDVDJDE..................................................................
KDVDJDE..................................................................
S\M\DI....................................
S\M\DI..........................................................
........................................................
..................................
GDG BB QLKGDEDVDI
QLIOLWSBDI @NW\QVB...................................
@NW\QVB................................................................
.............................
QLIRLGDG @NW\QVB................................
@NW\QVB....................................................................
....................................
CDKQD@ @NW\QVB CBGBCDIO @LVLEDSDI..........................
GDG BBB QLI\S\QDI
@LVBKQ\JDI ......................
............................................
............................................
.....................................
...............
VDWDI..................................
VDWDI........................................................
............................................
......................................
................
CDHSDW Q\VSD@D
GDG B
QLICDE\J\DI
4 .4 JDSDW GLJD@DIO
Bicnilsbd dcdjde Ilodrd ydio tlr`lidj cliodi `l`dyddi sukglr cdyd
djdk
djdk yd
ydio
io tlrsl
tlrslcb
cbd,
d,id
idku
kui
i iy
iydt
dtdi
diyd
yd rd
rd`y
`ydt
dt Bi
Bicn
cnil
ilsbd
sbd gd
gdiy
iyd`
d` yd
ydio
io
kliclrbtd. Qliclrbtddi ydio cb mdjdib rd`ydt tbcd` jdbi cdi tbcd` gu`di
dcdjde
dcdjde cdkpd`
cdkpd` cdrb
cdrb ntnink
ntninkbb cdlrde
cdlrde ydio
ydio `urdio
`urdio tlrsru
tlrsru`tu
`tur.
r. Edj bib
cb`drli
cb`drlid`d
d`di
i rlicde
rlicdeiyd
iyd knrdj
knrdj knrdj
knrdj pdrd
pdrd plmdg
plmdgdt
dt ydio
ydio klkl
klklodi
odio
o
`l`udsddi cb Bicnilsbd. Edj bib sdiodt klifnrlio idkd gdiosd Bicnilsbd
slgdodb Ilodrd ydio klkbjb`b `l`dyddi jlgbe.
Mb`d edj bib tbcd` cb tdioodpb
tdioodpb cliodi
cliodi slrbus kd`d Ilodrd Bicnilsbd
Bicnilsbd
tbcd` d`di klifdpdb
klifdpdb puifd`
puifd` lkds slplrtb ydio cbfbtd
cbfbtd fbtd `di cdjdk
plkgu`ddi uicdio uicdio cdsdr 423<. @nrupsb tljde klimdcb gucdyd
ydio klicdrde cdobio cb ilodrd `btd tlrfbitd bib. Vlgdodb ilodrd ydio
klioouid`di dcdt cdi gucdyd `ltbkurdi ydio sdiodt klimuimuio tbioob
ibjdb - ibjdb knrdjbtds cdi `lmumurdi, sdiodt kbrbs rdsdiyd gbjd klioltdeub
gdewd ilodrd bib klilkpdtb pnsbsb `lcud slgdodb ilodrd tlr`nrup cb Dsbd
Qdsbhb`
Qdsbhb` kliuru
kliurutt survlb
survlb cdrb
cdrb Sel _nrjc
_nrjc Mustbfl
Mustbfl Qrnmlf
Qrnmlft.
t. @nrups
@nrupsbb ydio
ydio
tlrmdcb cb
Bicnilsbd sucde sdiodt klioedwdtbr`di
klioedwdtbr`di cdi glrcdkpd` guru` judr gbdsd
pdcd edkpbr sljurue slicb `lebcupdi. @nrupsb jlgbe cdrb sl`lcdr
plifdrbdi `luituiodi ydio glrsbhdt bicbvbcu tltdpb sucde klrupd`di
plrbjd`u ukuk. Edj bib sdiodt klifnrlio idkd gdiosd Bicnilsbd slgdodb
Ilodrd ydio klkbjb`b `l`dyddi jlgbe. Kd`d cdrb btu, kd`djde bib d`di
klioupds glrgdodb cdkpd` ydio cbtbkguj`di d`bgdt `nrupsb.
4 .7 W\K\VDI KD
KDVDJDE
4.7
4.7.4 Dpd
Dpd bbtu
tu `nr
nru
ups
psb>
b>
4.7.7
4.7.7 Dpd ydio
ydio kliyl
kliylgdg
gdg`di
`di `nrup
`nrupsb
sb tlrmdcb
tlrmdcb cb gbcdi
gbcdio
o `lsledt
`lsledtdi>
di>
4.7.6
4.7.6 Dpd sdmd
sdmd cdkpd`
cdkpd` ydio
ydio cb d`bgd
d`bgdt`d
t`di
i njle `nrup
`nrupsb
sb tlredcd
tlredcdp
p jdydidi
jdydidi
`lsledtdi>
4.7.3 Gdodbk
4.7.3 Gdodbkdid
did pliflo
plifloded
dedi
i uitu`
uitu` `nrup
`nrupsb>
sb>
4 .6 S\M\DI
4.6.4
4.6.4 \itu`
\itu` kliol
klioltde
tdeub
ub cdi klkd
klkdedk
edkbb clhbibs
clhbibsbb cdrb `nru
`nrupsb
psb..
4.6.7
4.6.7 \itu`
\itu` kliol
klioltde
tdeub
ub sdi klkde
klkdedkb
dkb dpd sdmd
sdmd ydio
ydio klimdcb
klimdcb pliy
pliylgd
lgdg
g
`nrupsb gbsd tlrmdcb cb gbcdio `lsledtdi.
4.6.6 \itu` klioltdeub
klioltdeub cdkpd`
cdkpd` `nrupsb
`nrupsb tlredc
tlredcdp
dp jdydid
jdydidi
i `lsledtd
`lsledtdi.
i.
4.6.3
4.6.3 \itu`
\itu` kliol
klioltde
tdeub
ub cdi klkde
klkdedkb
dkb plifl
pliflode
odedi
di cdrb `nru
`nrupsb
psb..
GDG BB
QLKGDEDVDI
7 .4 CLHBIBVB @NW\QVB
@nrupsb dcdjde sudtu tbicd`di ydio sdiodt tbcd` tlrpumb cdi cdpdt
klruob`di sudtu gdiosd. Bicnilsbd klrupd`di sdjde sdtu ilodrd cliodi
jdbi
jdbi dtdu
dtdu su
sudt
dtu
u `n
`nrp
rpnr
nrdsb
dsb,, kliy
kliydj
djde
deou
ouid
id`d
`di
i `l`lwl
wlid
idio
iodi
di kdup
kdupui
ui
`lslkpdtdi dtdu sdrdid ydio dcd pdcdiyd `drlid mdgdtdi dtdu `lcucu`di
ydio cdpdt klruob`di
klruob`di `ludiodi ilodrd dtdu plrl`nink
plrl`ninkbdi
bdi ilodrd. @dtd
@nrups
@nrupsbb glrdsd
glrdsdjj cdrb
cdrb gdedsd
gdedsd jdt
jdtbi,
bi, Fnrrup
Fnrruptbn
tbn-Fn
-Fnrru
rrukpl
kplrl
rl ydio
ydio drtbiyd
drtbiyd
gusu`, rusd`, klioonyde`di, klkutdrgdjb` dtdu kliynon`. Kliurut Cr.
@drtbib @drtnin, `nrupsb dcdjde tbio`de jd`u bicbvbcu ydio klioouid`di
wlwlid
wlwlidio
io cdi mdgdtd
mdgdtdi
i ouid
ouid kliolc
kliolcu`
u` `luitu
`luituiod
iodi,
i, cdi klruob`
klruob`di
di
`lplitbiodi ukuk.
7.7
7.7 QLIR
QLIRLG
LGDG
DG @NW\
@NW\QV
QVBB CB
CB GBC
GBCDI
DIO
O @LV
@LVLE
LEDS
DSDI
DI
Cdjdk gdiyd` `dsus, glrcdsdr`di
glrcdsdr`di pliljbtbdi
pliljbtbdi ydio cbjd`u`di
cbjd`u`di njle
Vederbdrb (7114), hrduc cdjdk jdydidi `lsledtdi tlrmdcb `drlid =
4. Slido
lidodd klc
klcbs
bs glro
glrodm
dmbb rrli
licd
cde
e
7. Dcdi
Dcdiyd
yd `ltbc
`ltbcd`
d`slb
slbkg
kgdi
diodi
odi ditdrd
ditdrd systl
systlk
k pl
pljd
jdyd
ydid
idi
i `l
`lsle
sledt
dtdi
di cdi
glgdi jdydidi `lsledtdi
6. Qliy
Qliylc
lcbd
bd jdyd
jdydid
idi
i tbcd`
tbcd` klk
klkgl
glrb
rb bisli
bislitb
tbhh ydio
ydio klkd
klkdcd
cdbb
3. @l`u
@l`urd
rdio
iodi
di pdsn
pdsn`d
`di
i plr
plrjd
jdtd
tdi
i klc
klcbs
bs
<. Bi
Bilh
lhbs
bsbl
bli
isb cdjd
cdjdk
k sy
syst
stlk
lk
8. @urdi
@urdioi
oiyd
yd trdi
trdisp
spdrd
drdsb
sb cdjd
cdjdk
k hdsbj
hdsbjbt
btds
ds `lsle
`lsledt
dtdi
di
?. Hdftnr gucdyd
@ltbcd
@ltb cd`i
`iyd
ydkd
kdid
idii cd
cdjd
jdk
k syst
systlk
lk `l
`lsle
sledt
dtdi
di kliy
kliylg
lgdg
dg`d
`di
i
glrgdodb pbed` kljd`u`di updyd pliyljdkdtdi cbrb uitu` glrtdedi
ebcup sljdkd glrpdrtbsbpdsb cdjdk prnordk M@I. Cn`tlr kdudpui
rukde sd`bt cdpdt kljd`u`di fnpbio strdtloy slgdodb jdio`de utiu`
kliutupb `l`urdiodi klrl`d dtdu pdjbio tbcd` klkido glrtumudi
klifdrb `luituiodi kls`bpui cdrb slsudtu ydio bjjlodj (Jlrglroel lt
dj.
dj.711
7117).
7). kl`dib
kl`dibskl
skl `npbio
`npbio bib edcbr
edcbr `ltb`d
`ltb`d systlk
systlk pliodw
pliodwdsdi
dsdi
jlkde cdi tbcd` kdkpu kliutupb pljudio n`iuk uitu` kljd`u`di
hrduc. N`iuk tlitu d`di tlrus klilrus kljd`u`di `lfurdiodi bib
sl
slpd
pdim
imdi
dio
o klrl
klrl`d
`d kdsb
kdsbe e gb
gbsd
sd klib
klib`k
`kdt
dtbb `l
`lui
uitu
tuio
ioi
i clclio
iodi
di
`l
`lsl
slkp
kpdt
dtdi
di yd
ydio
io sljdj
sljdju
u tlrg
tlrgu`
u`dd ui
uitu
tu`
` kljd
kljd`u
`u`d
`di
i `l
`lfu
furdi
rdiod
odi
i
(Hlrrbien lt dj .7113).
7.6
7.6 CDKQ
CDKQD@
D@ @NW\
@NW\QV
QVBB SLWE
SLWEDC
DCDQ
DQ JDR
JDRDI
DIDI
DI @LV
@LVLE
LEDS
DSDI
DI
@nrups
@nrupsbb pdcd
pdcd sl`tnr
sl`tnr `lsled
`lsledtdi
tdi kljbgd
kljbgdt`d
t`di
i dpdrdt
dpdrdt cdi plmdgd
plmdgdtt
tbio`dt rlicde ebiood tbio`dt tbioob. Qdcd tbio`dt rlicde kliylitue pdcd
`lpdjd cbids `lsledtdi (Cbi`ls) pdcd tbio`dt `dgupdtli/`ntd cdi prnvbisb,
slcdio`di pdcd tbio`dt tbioob kljbgdt`di plmdgdt pdcd `ditnr `lklitlrbdi
`lsledtdi
`lsledtdi cdi jlkgdo
jlkgdodd jdb
jdbiiy
iiydd pdcd
pdcd tbio`d
tbio`dtt idsbni
idsbnidj
dj slplrtb
slplrtb GQNK
GQNK
kdupui dioontd CQW ydio klkgbcdiob `lsledtdi.
Edsbj bivlstbodsb Bicnilsbd Fnrruptbni _drfe (BF_) sdkpdb tdeui
7115, `dsus `nrupsb pdcd sl`tnr `lsledtdi tljde klibkguj`di `lruobdi
ilodrd
ilodrd klifdp
klifdpdb
db Wp 475 kbjbdr.
kbjbdr. @dsus-
@dsus-`ds
`dsus
us tlrslgu
tlrslgutt kljbgd
kljbgdt`d
t`di
i pdrd
pdrd
plmdgdt tbio`dt jn`dj slplrtb jlvlj `lpdjd cbi`ls cdi CQWC slrtd cbrl`tur
rukde
rukde sd`bt,
sd`bt, slcdio`
slcdio`di
di `nrups
`nrupsbb pdcd
pdcd tbio`
tbio`dt
dt tbioob
tbioob gljuk
gljuk tlruio`
tlruio`dp
dp
`ltb`d btu. Kncus `nrupsb ydio cnkbidi kdsbe glrputdr cdjdk pliodcddi
gdrdio cdi mdsd cliodi kncus kdr` up ydio klibkguj`di `lruobdi
Cdkpd`
Cdkpd` `nrups
`nrupsbb pdcd
pdcd sl`tnr
sl`tnr `lsled
`lsledtdi
tdi cdpdt
cdpdt kliod`
kliod`bgd
bgdt`d
t`di
i
kliuru
kliuruiiy
iiydd clrdmdt
clrdmdt `lsled
`lsledtdi
tdi kdsydr
kdsydrd`d
d`dtt ydio
ydio glrbkg
glrbkgds
ds pdcd
pdcd BQK
(Bicl`s Qlkgdiouidi Kdiusbd). Bicb`dtnr BQK slplrtb dio`d `lkdtbdi
gdyb cdi dio`d edrdpdi ebcup sdiodt tlr`dbt cliodi plicdiddi sl`tnr
`lsled
`lsledtdi
tdi.. Dpdgbj
Dpdgbjdd tlrmdc
tlrmdcbb `nrups
`nrupsbb pdcd
pdcd sl`tnr
sl`tnr `lsled
`lsledtdi
tdi,, kd`d
kd`d d`di
d`di
glrbkgds pliuruidi dio`d edrdpdi ebcup cdi klidb``di dio`d `lkdtbdi
gdyb. Cdkpd` `nrupsb jlgbe mdue dcdjde idb` cdi tbioobiyd edrod ngdt-
ng
ngdt
dtdi
di cd
cdi
i rl
rlic
icde
deiy
iydd `u
`udj
djbt
btds
ds djdt
djdt `l
`lsl
sled
edtd
tdi
i pd
pdcd
cd ru
rukd
kde
e sd
sd`b
`btt cd
cdi
i
pus`lskds slrtd sdrdid `lsledtdi kdsydrd`dt jdbiiyd.
Slrmd
Slrmdcb
cbiy
iydd `d
`dsu
sus-`
s-`dsu
dsuss `n
`nru
rups
psbb pd
pdcd
cd sl
sl`t
`tnr
nr `l
`lsle
sledt
dtdi
di yd
ydio
io
kljbgdt`di plmdgdt pdcd `lklitlrbdi `lsledtdi cdi cbids `lsledtdi jn`dj
kliuimu``
kliuimu``di
di rlicdeiyd
rlicdeiyd trdispdrdisb
trdispdrdisb cdi d`uitdgbjb
d`uitdgbjbtds
tds slrtd `lpdtuedi
`lpdtuedi
GDG BBB
QLI\S\Q
4 .4 Vbkpujdi
@nrupsb tljde klimdcb gucdyd ydio klicdrde cdobio cb ilodrd
`btd tlrfbitd bib. Qlrdturdi-plrdturdi tlitdio plkglrditdsdi `nrupsb sbjbe
glroditb, sljdju nrdio ydio gljd`diodi ydio klkplrgdb`b cdi
klidkgde`di, idkui `nrupsb cdjdk slodjd glitu`iyd cbrdsd`di kdsbe
tltdp klioodids. @nrupsb kliod`bgdt`di cdkpd` ilodtbh cdrb glrgdodb
sl`tnr, slplrtb plrl`ninkbdi, pljdydidi `lsledtdi, snsbdj cdi `lkbs`bidi
kdsydrd`dt, cdi gbrn`rdsb plklrbitde. Cdkpd` cdrb `nrupsb btu slicbrb
sdiod
sdiodtt klru
klruob
ob`d
`di
i rd`yd
rd`ydtt cd
cdi
i il
ilod
odrd
rd bi
bib.
b. Clio
Cliodi
di cl
clkb
kb`b
`bdi
di,, sudtu
sudtu
plklrbitdedi ydio tlrjdicd wdgde `nrupsb d`di kliodgdb`di tuitutdi
plklrbitdedi ydio jdyd`. Edj bib cdpdt klifdpdb tbtb` ydio klkgudt
nrdio
nrdio tlrslgu
tlrslgutt `lebjd
`lebjdiod
iodi
i slisbt
slisbtbhbt
bhbtdsi
dsiyd
yd cdi d`ebri
d`ebriyd
yd klibkg
klibkguj`
uj`di
di
glifdid gdob rd`ydt.
4 .7 Vdrdi
Qlicbcb`di gucdyd ditb `nrupsb edrus cbjd`u`di kujdb cdrb cbib
dodr kdsydrd`dt sdcdr cdkpd` ydio tlrmdcb d`bgdt `nrupsb. Qlklrbitde
sledru
sledrusiy
siydd jlgbe
jlgbe tlods
tlods cdjdk
cdjdk klibic
klibicd`
d` jdimut
jdimutbb kdsdjd
kdsdjde
e `nrup
`nrupsb
sb ydio
ydio
cbjd`u`di njle pdrd `nruptnr.
CDHSDW Q\VSD@D
Dj Kd`dss
Kd`dssdry
dry,, Wbcwdi
Wbcwdi.71
.7112
12.. Cdkp
Cdkpd`
d` Kdsbh
Kdsbh @nru
@nrups
psbb tlred
tlredcd
cdp
p L`sb
L`sbstl
stlis
isbb
Ilodrd-Gdiosd.. Md`drtd.
Ilodrd-Gdiosd
Wusc
Wuscdrt
drtbb cd
cdi
i @usk
@uskur
urby
bydi
ditn
tn.. 71
7115
15.. L`ninkb Hlinklid cb Vl`btdr @btd 4.
Vurd`drtd= Qjdtbiuk.