variaciebi

variaciuli ewodeba iseT formas, romelic aigeba musikaluri

Temis araerTgzis Secvlili saxiT ganmeorebis principze.
variaciebi formacaa da Janric. ganasxvaveben variaciul formas da
variaciul meTods. variaciuli forma aigeba variaciul principze, xolo
variaciuli principi (variaciuloba) sxva musikalur formaSic gvxvdeba.
variaciuli forma da variaciuli meTodi yvelaze gavrcelebuli
movlenaa musikalur SemoqmedebaSi: isini uSualod pasuxobs xelovnebis
upirobo esTetikur kanons _ mravalferovneba erTianobaSi da erTianoba
mravalferovnebaSi. variaciuli forma gamoiyeneba yvela arsebuli
instrumentisTvis, aris jazis safuZveli.
variaciuli formisa da principis saTaveebi xalxur kupletur
sasimRero musikaSi moiZebneba.
gansxvavdeba variaciuli da variantis cnebebi. varianti
warmoadgens Temis saxesxvaobas, romelSic SeiZleba Tavisuflad
Seicvalos misi mxareebi saxeobriv-Janruli siaxlovis SenarCunebiT.
variantuloba Caisaxa vokalur musikaSi, rogorc misi bunebrivi Tviseba.
variaciul ciklSi xSirad iqmneba `meore planis forma~
(protopopovos termini) anu meoreuli forma, romelic umetesad
warmoadgens samnawilian, rondosebur, sonatur an siuitur formas.
variaciuli formis klasifikacia xdeba sxvadasxva kriteriumebiT:
varirebis xerxis mixedviT ganasxvaveben – ostinatur da
figuraciul variaciebs;
Temisgan daSorebis xarisxiT – mkacr da Tavisufal varaciebs;
variaciuli Temebis raodenobidan – erTTemian, orTemian (ormag),
samTemian (sammag) da mravalTemian variaciebs;
variaciebs originalur da nasesxeb Temaze.
xolopova amgvarad axdens variaciuli formis klasifikacias:
1. baso ostinaturi (an variaciebi gaCerebul banze,
`polifoniuri variaciebi~);
 2. figuraciuli (ornamentuli, `klasikuri~);
3. soprano ostinato (variaciebi gaCerebul melodiaze);
4. mkacri da Tavisufali;
5. variantuli forma.

baso-ostinaturi variaciebi
am tipis variaciebSi banis xmaSi mocemulia araerTgzis
gameorebuli Tema-melodia, romelsac uerTdeba zeda xmebis sxvadasxva
melodia-kontrapunqti, e. i. mTlianobaSi faqtura warmoadgens melodiaTa
kontrapunqts, ris gamoc aseT variaciebs xSirad `polifoniur~
variaciebs uwodeben. zogjer faqturis zeda xmebi imitaciurad
viTardeba, rac qmnis Sereul polifoniur wyobas. aseve faqtura SeiZleba
iyos akorduli.
banis Temis masStabi xSirad 2-5 taqtiania, Tumca gvxvdeba vrceli
Temebic.
barokos epoqaSi Tema ZiriTadad warmoadgenda daRmaval, diatonur
an qromatul moZraobas tetraqordis saxiT, tonikidan dominantamde da
mocemuli iyo sxvadasxva variantis saxiT. rogorc wesi, banis Tema
meordeboda zustad, zogjer varirebas ganicdida, an gadainacvlebda
zeda xmebSi, iSviaTad tardeboda araZiriTad tonalobaSi.
b.o.-s variaciebis saTave Soreul warsulSi moiZieba, Suasaukuneebis
motetisa da mesis JanrSi, tenoris partiaSi c.f.-is tradiciebis
gamoyenebis saxiT; aseve aRorZinebis epoqaSi gavrcelebuli iyo iseT
sacekvao JanrebSi, rogoricaa pasameco antiko, pasameco moderno (it.
passamezzo XVI-XVII ss-is sacekvao da instrumentuli musikis Janri),
romaneska, folia da instrumentuli aria. klasikur etaps b.o.-s forma
aRwevs barokos epoqaSi rogorc instrumentul (pasakalia, Cakona), ise
vokalur musikaSi (opera, kantata).
 pasakalia espanurad niSnavs quCaSi seirnobis, msvlelobis process.
Semdgom gavrcelda safrangeTsa da germaniaSi. warmoadgenda simebiani
sakravisTvis daweril piesas, sadac yoveli variacia Temas axal
tonalobaSi imeorebda.
Cakona espanuri cekva, romelic gavrcelda evropis sxva qveynebSi.
sainteresoa, rom safrangeTSi pasakaliasa da Cakonas terminebiT
aRiniSneboda rondos forma, romlis refrenic b.o.-s Temas eyrdnoboda.
pasakalia aigeba banis melodiur ostinatoze, xolo Cakona _
harmoniul ostinatoze, maT Soris bevria saerTo, ris gamoc zogi
mkvlevari mcirediT ganasxvavebs.
graundi warmoadgens ostinatos inglisur nairsaxeobas, romelic
gamoiyeneboda ramdenime mniSvnelobiT: ganmeorebadi ostinaturi bani,
baso-ostinaturi teqnika.
baso-ostinaturi variaciebi gavrcelebuli iyo vokalur
(monteverdis operebi, perselis `didona da eneasi~ _ didonas tirili,
triumfaluri cekva, baxis “Crucifixus” h-moll mesidan) da instrumentul
(pahelbelis Cakonebi d-moll da f-moll, buqstehudes Cakona c-moll, baxis
pasakalia c-moll, saklaviro koncertis d-moll II nawili, saviolino Cakona
d-moll, hendelis Cakona G-dur #9 siuitidan da pasakalia g-moll siuitidan)
musikaSi.