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12AB – GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 – WORD FORM

A/ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP DANH TỪ
Loại N Cách thành lập Example

Danh từ invent+ or → inventor, employ + ee → employee

chỉ
act + ress → actress
người
physic + ist → physicist

music + ian → musician

engine + eer → engineer

account (n) + ant → accountant, serve (v) + ant → servant

Danh từ kind + ness → kindness

trừu tượng
wide + th → width

important → importance, able→ ability

intelligent → intelligence, silent → silence

king + dom → kingdom, free + dom → freedom

friend + ship → friendship

consumer→ consumerism

loyal → loyalty, possible → possibility

Cách cooperate + ion → cooperation

thành
punish + ment → punishment
lập khác
build + ing → building

socialize + ism → socialism

perform + ance → performance

depend + ence → dependence

refuse + al → refusal

expose→ exposure

child + hood → childhood

adequate → adequacy

drain + age → drainage

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Pursue passion until success was no longer just a dream Sam - English Teacher Hotline: 0976882626
B/ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP ĐỘNG TỪ
Thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố vào danh từ, động từ hoặc tính từ khác
Cách thành lập Meaning Example

identity + fy → identify

social + ize → socialize

symbol + ize → symbolize

weak + en → weaken

origin + ate → originate

donate/ create/ concentrate

Thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố vào danh từ, động từ hoặc tính từ khác
Cách thành lập Meaning Example

en + large → enlarge

dis + agree → disagree

over + react → overeact

mis + understand → misunderstand

under + estimate → underestimate

re + play → replay

out + live → outlive

C/ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ

Thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố vào sau danh từ, động từ
Cách thành lập Meaning Example

harm + ful → harmful harm + less → harmless use

+ ful → useful use + less → useless

rain + y → rainy year + ly → yearly

history → historic culture → cultural

adventure → adventurous

self → selfish child → childlike

act + ive → active attract + ive → attractive

accept + able → acceptable

interest → interesting/interested
Thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố vào danh từ, tính từ khác
Cách thành lập Meaning Example

happy → unhappy
patient → impatient
legal → illegal
formal → informal
regular → irregular
honest → dishonest

national → international
night → overnight (qua đêm)
anxious → overanxious (quá lo âu)
weight → underweight (thiếu cân)
normal → subnormal (dưới mức bình thường)
natural → supernatural (siêu nhiên)

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� PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT �

Exercise 1: Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.
a) Leaving a job
I recently left my job in an (1) _________________ (ADVERTISEMENT) agency after a disagreement with my

boss. She accepted my (2) ______________ (RESIGN) but warned me that because of the (3) ________________

(ECONOMY) situation, I might have to get used to the idea of being (4) _____________________ (EMPLOY) for a while.

I thought that she was trying to make a point, but after I had made over fifty (5) ___________________________

(APPLY) to other companies, I realised that she was right. Although I am a (6) ______________________

(QUALIFICATIONS) designer, I didn't receive any offers of a job. After that I tried working from home, but it was not very

(7) _________________ (PROFIT). Then I became an (8) ______________ (EMPLOY) in a fast-food restaurant, even

though my (9) ______________ (EARN) were extremely low. I wish I had accepted early (10) ______________

(RETIRE) from my old job. That is what I disagreed with my boss about!

b) How a hobby can make you angry!

Recently I decided to take up (1) _________________ (PHOTOGRAPH) as a hobby. I like taking snaps, but I am

not very (2) _______________ (SKILL). My snaps are either a complete (3) ______________ (FAIL) for technical

reasons, or are just not very (4) _____________ (IMAGINE). First, I decided that to be (5) ___________________

(SUCCESS), I would have to buy new equipment. Just then I had an (6) ____________________ (EXPECT) piece of

good luck. A friend who works in a camera shop said she could sell me a (7) _______________________ (VALUE)

camera. A customer had

left it at the shop to be repaired, but there had been a (8) _______________ (UNDERSTAND), and it was actually for

sale. I thought this was a rather (9) ______________ (BELIEF) explanation and so I asked her some more questions.
She said she had had a (10) ______________ (AGREE) with the customer and he had thrown the camera at her

because she disliked his photos!

c) Supermarkets
Nowadays, a great (1) _____________ (VARY) of different food is available from large supermarkets. There are

rarely any (2) ____________ (SHORT) of fresh food, and there is far less (3) ____________ (LIKELY) of our having to

rely on (4) ________ (FREEZE) products. Does this mean that supermarkets have become the most (5) ___________

(SUCCESS) shops of all time? Certainly they seem to have made some kinds of food less (6) __________ (EXPENSE)

and most people enjoy shopping in them. There has been a (7) _____________ (REDUCE) in the number of (8)

_____________ (COMPLAIN) made against supermarkets in recent years. The assistants are no longer (9)

_____________ (POLITE), but smile and try to be helpful. Above all, supermarkets have shown a (10)

_____________(WILLING) to listen to their customers, and to adapt to customers' needs.

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d) A letter of apology
I am writing to apologize for the (1) _______________ (CANCEL) of your Happy Holiday Coach Tour to Aberdeen.
(2) _______________ (FORTUNE) our luxury coach was involved in a (3) _______________ (COLLIDE) in France a
week ago, and our driver has been (4) _______________ (EXPECT) obliged to remain there for the moment. The coach
was travelling on a road (5) _______________ (SUIT) for heavy traffic, and the accident was (6) _______________
(AVOID). Luckily none of the passengers suffered any (7) _______________ (INJURE), and we have complained to the
authorities that the road needs (8) _______________ (WIDE). Our new coach will be fitted with (9) _______________
(ADJUST) seat belts for the safety and comfort of passengers. We will of course return the (10) _______________
(PAY) you have made for your holiday as soon as possible.

e) Our Changing Way of Life

Change happens (1) __________________ (CONSTANT) as the last 50 years have proved. Some changes, such
as air travel, the Internet and mobile phones, provide ease and (2) _________________ (CONVENIENT). Others, like
access to education, have had a deeper impact.
Nothing has had a bigger influence on our lives than recent changes in education. Fifty years ago, education was
considered by some an (3) ___________________ (NECESSARY) luxury. Nowadays, however, education isn't just a
privilege for the (4) ____________________ (CHOOSE) few. Young men and women from all areas of life are becoming
(5) _______________ (PROFESSION) and improving their quality of life. This will be (6) _______________ (BENEFIT) to
future generations because a better-educated society is a fairer and more skilled one.
(7) ____________ (IRONY) , however, the change from rural to urban living that drove people to cities in search of
better opportunities has led to several modem-day problems. City dwellers have become less (8) __________ (HEALTH).
They no longer eat fresh farm food, and instead, prefer ready meals and fast food. Urban (9) ______________ (RESIDE)
no longer exercise by working the land. They use their cars instead of walking.
Even though we are so (10) _____________ (TECHNOLOGY) advanced, we are also (11) _____________
(FOOL). We destroy our forests, build more cars and roads, and eat rubbish. (12) ________________ (ENVIRONMENT)
will all tell you that the future looks bleak. More change is on the way and, unless we change the way we think, the next
fifty years will be very difficult.
f) An unusual park
Parks in large cities are (1) ____________________ (USUAL) thought of as refuges, as islands of green in the
middle of a concrete desert. But High Line Park in the (2) _______________________ (NEIGHBOUR) of Chelsea in New
York looks on first (3) _____________________ (SEE) like something that city parks were created to get away from. It's
an (4) ___________________ (ATTRACT) steel structure supporting an (5) ___________________ (ELEVATE) rail line
that once brought freight cars into the city's factories.
Now the structure has been turned into an (6) ______________________ (INNOVATE) and inviting public park.
Walking on the High Line is (7) _________________________ (LIKE) any other experience in New York. You can sit
surrounded by (8) ___________________ (CARE) tended plants taking (9) ________________ (ENJOY) from the views,
or you can walk the line as it crosses between old buildings and past (10) ________________ (STRIKE) new ones. I have
walked the High Line many times and the (11) ___________________ (REMARK) thing is that every time you walk you
experience new and (12) ___________________ (DIFFER) things.

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