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Cách Dùng Diễn tả một sự không hài long, không thỏa mãn Diễn tả điều ƣớc cho một sự việc ta
với một hoàn cảnh ở hiện tại, và ao ƣớc hoàn mong muốn nó xảy ran gay tại thời
cảnh đó xảy ra theo chiều hƣớng khác đi ở hiện điểm nói.
tại và tƣơng lai
Cấu trúc I wish + S + V-ed ( Qúa khứ đơn) I wish + S + was/were + V-ing ( quá
khứ tiếp diễn)
Hoặc I wish + could + V
Ví dụ - I wish I knew more about European history. - My son wishes he were studying
(=but I don‟t know much about European Marketing instead of Hospitality.
history.)
- I wish I could drive really fast. (= but I can‟t
drive fast.)
(Dùng “wish + could + V”để nói về việc ngƣời
nói ao ƣớc có khả năng làm gì nhƣng thực tế họ
không có khả năng thực hiện.
Chú ý Có thể sử dụng were đối với tất cả các ngôi trong
mệnh đề wish.
Để diễn tả ƣớc muốn hay sự hối tiếc, chúng ta cỏ thể dùng động từ “WISH” hoặc “IF ONLY”, hay
“WOULD RATHER” + mệnh đề (a clause).
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* Past subjunctive tense (Thì quá khứ giả định /bằng thái) có dạng giống thì Quá khứ đơn ( Simple past
tense), trừ động từ Be có một dạng duy nhất là WERE.
(Ƣớc gì bây giờ anh ấy có mặt ở buổi họp của chúng tôi.)
3 “WOULD / “D RATHER + (that) clause”: đƣợc dùng diễn tả điều gì ƣa thích hơn. Mệnh đề theo
sau “would rather” có cấu trúc giống nhƣ mệnh đề sau “wish”.
e. g.: I‟d rather (that) you took the course in English.
(Tôi thích bạn theo học khóa tiếng Anh hơn.) (in the present).
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 5: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. Old/ man/ wish/ his/ grandchild/ visit/ him/ more/ often.
____________________________________________________________
2. I/ wish/ you/ can/ spend/ more/ time/ on/ study.
____________________________________________________________
3. They/ wish/ their/ team/ be/champion.
____________________________________________________________
4. I/ wish/ I/ have/ more/ friend/ and/ I/ not/ be/ lonely.
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____________________________________________________________
5. Mary/ wish/ her/ parents/ not/ have/ go/ on/ business/ trips/ so/ often.
____________________________________________________________
6. Many/ people/ wish/ they/ be/ wealthy/ but/ I/ do/ not.
____________________________________________________________
7. I/ wish/ my/ mother/ be/ less/ busy/ so that/ she/ have/ more/ time/ for/ me.
____________________________________________________________
8. Jim/ wish/ his/ parents/ not/ expect/ too/ much/ from/ him.
____________________________________________________________
Bài 6: Dựa vào câu cho trƣớc, viết câu thể hiện điều ƣớc với “wish”
0. I don‟t have a computer now.
-> I wish I had a computer now.
1. Jim‟s friend lives very far from him.
-> Jim wishes ____________________________________________________
2. My friend cannot afford her favorite camera.
-> My friend wishes _______________________________________________
3. The teacher make us do a lot of homework.
-> We __________________________________________________________
4. I can‟t sing as beautifully as my sister.
-> I ___________________________________________________________
5. My father is depressed that his favorite football team loses the ticket to the final.
-> My father _____________________________________________________
6. I don‟t have my own house at the present.
-> I ____________________________________________________________
7. Mr. Brown is sad that there is no way he can get promotion this year.
-> Mr. Brown ____________________________________________________
8. Peter is annoyed because there is too much noise from his neighnor.
-> Peter _________________________________________________________
Bài 7: Đánh dấu [ V] trƣớc câu đúng, đánh dấu [ X] trƣớc câu sai và sửa lại cho đúng.
________ 1. Peter and Jane wishes they could see each other more often.
____________________________________________________________
________ 2. I wish Jim were able to deal with all the problems on his own.
____________________________________________________________
________ 3. Mrs. Brown wishes her husband were home more often and talks to her more.
__________________________________________________________________
________ 4. They wish their work was less stressful and they have more time to relax.
__________________________________________________________________
________ 5. James wishes he had more money so that he could buy what he wants.
__________________________________________________________________
________ 6. I wish I wasn‟t having to travel a long distance to work every day.
__________________________________________________________________
________ 7. They wish they will able to visit her foreign friend.
__________________________________________________________________
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________ 8. I only wish they provided a larger playground for the kids.
__________________________________________________________________
TEST 1
I. Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentence:
1. She likes to wear………..jean cloth.
A. fadding B. fadded C. fading D. faded
2. In the 18th century, Jean cloth was made……….from cotton.
A. complete B. completely C. completive D. completion
3. I don‟t like to wear…………………and…………Jeans.
A. painted/embroidering B painted/ embroidered
C. panting/ embroidered D. painting/ embroidering
4. They have just……………. A new style of Jeans in the USA.
A. introduce B. to introduce
C. introducing D. introduced
5. Some designers have………the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it.
A. modern B. modernized
C. modernize D. modernizing
6. She …………to the theatre by The Greens.
A. is often take B. is often took
C. is often taken D. is often taking
7. My car ………..yesterday.
A. has been repaired B. can be repaired
C. is repaired D. was repaired
8…………….your house………………….next year?
A. Will/ be built B. Was/ rebuilt
C. Is/ rebuilt D. Has/ been rebuilt
9. Can this car………………..?
A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. be repaired
10. Must this test…….on time?
A. be finishing B. finish C. be finished D. be finish
11. Water can‟t……………………here.
A. be found B. be finding C. be find D. be finded
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the world. (77) ……… of them, Paul MC Courtney, is now the (78) ……… musician in the world. Many
tourists (79) ……… Liverpool to see the homes (80) ……… the Beatles.
71. A. before B. after C. behind D. below
72. A. fame B. famous C. famously D. fameless
73. A. on B. in C. over D. above
74. A. in B. at C. from D. with
75. A. start B. started C. starting D. to start
76. A. called B. call C. calling D. to call
77. A. Some B. None C. All D. One
78. A. rich B. richer C. richest D. enrich
79. A. come B. go C. return D. visit
80. A. of B. for C. from D. by
VI. ViÕt l¹ic c©u b¾t ®Çu b»ng “ I wish”
81. I don’t know many English words.
I wish ..............................................................................................................................................................
82. My friend can not stay with me longer.
I wish ..............................................................................................................................................................
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62. He is used to drink coffee for breakfast but now he drinks milk.
63. The kitchen is not very big but there‟s a lot of cupboards.
64. Lukas can play the piano when he was two and now he practices it.
65. We were very poor when we were first in America, we can‟t buy anything.
66. They are going on a sightsee tour of New York.
67. If only the weather is hot today, we could go for a walk in the park.
68. Liverpool is an industry city in the North of England.
69. Money is used to buy and sell goods and storing wealth.
70. She wishes she could speak English as fluent as her brother.
61. 62.
63. 64.
65. 66.
67. 68.
69. 70.
V. §äc ®o¹n v¨n vµ chän ®¸p ¸n thÝch hîp ®iÒn vµo chç trèng.
Dear Jean,
I‟m sorry I (71) ………. to you lately, but I have been working hard. When I (72) ……….your last letter. I was
acting in a play at school, and when I finished that I went on a holiday with some friends. I intended (73)
……….. you a postcard, but I forgot to take your address with me. How are you getting (74) ………. at
college? You didn‟t (75) ………… much about this in your letter. I hope you still like it and don‟t work all the
time! I‟m starting work in London after I (76) ………..school in July, and I want to see you then. Do you still
want to come and stay (77) …………a few days? I know you are busy, but by the time your term (78)
…………., I‟ll have started my job. I‟ve done so (9) …………. things lately! I‟ve just learned to drive and my
parents sometimes lend me their car, so I often go out with friends. (80) ……….. I‟ll drive to Birmingham and
see you one day.
71. A. not write B. haven‟t written C. don‟t write D. didn‟t write
72. A. received B. have received C. receive D. to receive
73. A. sending B. send C. to send D. sent
74. A. up B. over C. on D. with
75. A. talk B. tell C. say D. chat
76. A. leave B. left C. leaved D. leaving
77. A. for B. at C. in D. out
78. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. finishes
79. A. much B. many C. a lot D. lots of
80. A. May be B. May being C. Maybe D. May I be
VI. ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau sao cho nghi· cña c©u kh«ng ®æi.
81. Knowing English is very useful.
It ......................................................................................................................................................................
82. It started to snow at 5 o‟clock.
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It has ...............................................................................................................................................................
83. Nam is taller than Hung.
What .............................................................................................................................................................?
85. What time does Nam have to leave?
It………………….........................................................................................................................................
87. This book is very boring and so is that one.
I haven‟t ……………....................................................................................................................................
90. Ann began to be interested in healthy eating 3 years ago.
An has been……………................................................................................................................................
VII. Cho d¹ng ®óng cña tõ trong ngoÆc.
95. They like Pho Bo…………., they enjoy Bun Bo. (add)
96. The ………….. anthem of Viet Nam is sung in the school - meeting. (nation)
97. There is an ………….. match between Vietnam and Lebanon on VTV3. (nation)
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Colombia is located in a Northwestern part of South America and is the fourth largest (101) ……. in South
America. It has (102) …….. lines on both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. It has a (103) …….. of round 36
million and is a very beautiful country with (104) ……… mountains a well as hot lowland plains. The capital
city is Bogota, which was (105) …….. by the Spaniards in 1538. Almost all Colombians speak Spanish, which
is the country‟s (106) ……. language. The religion of the (107) …… of the population is Roman Catholic.
Some of the most important (108) ……. are textiles and clothing. Other industries include mining and oil.
Agriculture is the most important section of the economy, and Colombia‟s main (109) …….. products are
coffee, flowers, sugar, bananas, rice, corn and cotton. Colombia (110) …….. more coffee than any other
country except Brazil.
123. A: You / go / school / late / when / you / be / small? ~ B: No. I / be / early / school.
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131. We still keep in touch ……… each other although we live away ………. each other.
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UNIT 2: CLOTHING
QUẦN ÁO/ VẢI V C/ TRANG PHỤC
VOCABULARY
- century /ˈsentʃəri/ (n): thế kỷ
- poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ hoặc /ˈpoʊət/ (n): nhà thơ
+ poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ (n): thơ ca
+ poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ hoặc /ˈpoʊəm/ (n) bài thơ
- traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/(a): truyền thống
- silk /sɪlk/ (n): lụa
- tunic /ˈtjuːnɪk/ (n): tà áo
- slit /slɪt/ (v): xẻ
- loose /luːs/ (a): lỏng, rộng
- pants /pænts/ (n) = trousers /ˈtraʊzəz/: quần (dài)
- design /dɪˈzaɪn/ (n, v): bản thiết kế, thiết kế
+ designer /dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ (n): nhà thiết kế
+ fashion designer /ˈfæʃn/: nhà thiết kế thời trang
- material /məˈtɪəriəl/ (n): vật liệu
- convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ (a): thuận tiện
+ convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ (n): sự thuận tiện
- lines of poetry: những câu thơ
- fashionable /ˈfæʃnəbl/(a): hợp thời trang
- inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ (v): gây cảm hứng
+ inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ (n): nguồn cảm hứng
- ethnic minority /ˈeθnɪk - /maɪˈnɒrəti /: dân tộc thiểu số
- symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ (n): ký hiệu, biểu tƣợng
+ symbolize/ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ (v): tƣợng trƣng
- cross /krɒs/(n): chữ thập
- stripe /straɪp/ (n): sọc
+ striped (a) có sọc
- modern /ˈmɒdn/ (a): hiện đại
+ modernize /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ (v) hiện đại hóa
- plaid /plæd/ (a) có ca-rô, kẻ ô vuông
- suit /suːt/ hoặc /sjuːt/ (a): trơn
- sleeve /sliːv/ (n): tay áo
+ sleeveless /ˈsliːvləs/ (a): không có tay
+ short-sleeved (a) : tay ngắn
- sweater /ˈswetə(r)/ (n): áo len
- baggy /ˈbæɡi/ (a): rộng thùng thình
- faded /feɪd/ (a): phai màu
- shorts /ʃɔːts/ (n): quần đùi
- casual clothes /ˈkæʒuəl - /kləʊðz/(n): quần áo thông thƣờng
- sailor /ˈseɪlə(r)/ (n): thủy thủ
- cloth /klɒθ/ (n): vải
- wear out: mòn, rách
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GRAMMAR
I-ÔN TẬP CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE VOICE)
Thì Cấu trúc câu chủ động Cấu trúc câu bị động
Hiện tại đơn S + V (s/es) S + am/is/are + VpII
People speak English here. English is spoken here.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing S + am/is/are + being + VpII
They are building a new house. A new house is being built
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + VpII S + have/has been + VpII
We have cleaned our car. Our car has been cleaned.
Quá khứ đơn S + Ved/V2 S + was/were + VpII
Someone cleaned the room yesterday. The room was cleaned yesterday.
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were being + VpII
They were making a cake when I A cake was being made when I
arrived. arrived.
Tƣơng lai đơn S + will + V-inf S + will be + VpII
The government will pass the new law The new law will be passed next
next month. month.
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5. This car (has been used/has used) by Mr. Smith for 5 years.
7. No one (has heard/has been heard) about the accident last night.
9. (Have the police caught/Have the poloce been caught) the thieves yet?
11. At this time next month, I (will be visiting/will be visited) London with my family.
13. You (will be receive/ will receive) a lot of compliments if you win the contest.
14. Jim didn‟t realize that his wallet (stole/was stolen) until he came home.
15. (Was you brought/Was you bringing) by your grandparents when you were small?
Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với thể bị động của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì thích hợp.
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5. At this time tomorrow, a birthday cake (make)________ for our best friend Jessy.
10. Yesterday, Jim was playing with his dog when the doorbell (ring)_____________.
14. If you submit your assignment late, you (punish)___________by your teacher.
15. I think more attempts (make) ____________in the future to protect people from natura catastrophes.
20. Every student (anticipate)______________to finish their essay before the deadline.
Bài 3: Chuyển những câu chủ động sau đây thành câu bị động.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
13. They will not allow your dog to enter the museum.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Bài 4: Chuyển những câu bị động dƣới đây thành câu chủ động.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How long has this fax machine been used by Mr. Green?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. The singer was not recognized by his fan when he was at the restaurant.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Many dead people were found by the recuers after the earthquake.
_____________________________________________________________________
1. Jim/one/preferred/Which/ - /tea/is/coffee/by/or?
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_____________________________________________________________________
2. been/Many/caused/problems/that/storm/fierce/have/by.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Many/tornado/were/buildings/by/the/destroyed/last/night.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. caused/Numerous/diseases/are/lack/by/of/water/fresh/the.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. At/extra/the/moment/atentions/,/paid/to/are/storm/upcoming/the.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. person/a/was/left/Not/behind/single/the/flood/in.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. are/All/victims/flood/the/helped/local/the/by authorities/being.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Shelters/be/to/provided/will/homeless/in/next/few/people/months/the.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. No/severely/was/one/tornado/yesterday/injured/in/the.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. a/scientists/now/A/is/speech/delivered/being/by/renowed.
_____________________________________________________________________
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Ví dụ (+) I had left when they came. (Khi họ đến thì tôi đã rời đi rồi).
(-) I hadn‟t left when they came. (Khi họ đến thì tôi đã không rời đi).
(?) Had you left when they came? (Khi họ đến, bạn đã rời đi rồi à?)
Had you not left when they came? (Khi họ đến, bạn đã không rời đi à?)
Hadn‟t you left when they came? (Khi họ đến, bạn đã không rời đi à?)
Cách dùng - Diễn tả một hành động đã đƣợc hoàn tất trƣớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: He had left the house before she came.
- Diễn tả một hành động đã đƣợc hoàn tất trƣớc một thời điểm xác định trong quá
khứ.
Ví dụ: We had had lunch by two o‟clock yesterday.
By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.
Dấu hiệu by + thời gian trong quá khứ
nhận biết before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as…….
EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1.My father waters this flower every morning.
2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4.We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7.Tom will visit his parents next month. 8.The manager
didn‟t phone the secretary this morning.
9.Did Mary this beautiful dress? 10.I won‟t hang these old pictures in
the living room. 11.The German didn‟t build this factory during the
Second World War.
12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16.Some people will interview the new president on TV.
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get + sb + to do + sth
Khi chuyển sang câu bị động có dạng:
have + sth + done + (by sb)
get + sth + done + (by sb)
EXERCISE 4: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3.They have her tell the story again.
4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5.Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
8.He had a mechanic repair his car.
9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
11.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
12.I must have the dentist check my teeth.
13.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.
EXERCISE 5: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Tam learns English everyday.
2. Mr.Pike bought a new car yesterday.
3. Tam is reading a book now.
4. They can't make tea with cold water.
5. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
6. Somebody has taken some of my book away.
7. They will hold the meeting before the may day.
8. They have to repair the engine of the car
9. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
10. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
11. They may use this room for the classroom.
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12. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
17. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
22. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
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25. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
II. Chuyển các câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/ Không sang câu bị động
III. Chuyển các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi "H/ WH" sau sang câu bị động
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IV. Chuyển các câu có 2 tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động
53. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
V. Chuyển các câu với động từ tƣờng thuật sau sang câu bị động
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57. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
61. People think that Jack London's life and writing's represent the American love of adventure.
VI. Chuyển các câu với động từ chỉ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động
70. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
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80. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car?
85. We have washed all the dirty glasses just a few minutes before he comes.
86. My family will buy a special present for our grandfather on the occasion of his birthday.
IX. Viết lại câu chủ động từ các câu bị động đã cho
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89. English has been taught at this school by him for 1 year.
95. I wonder whether the board of directors will choose Susan or Jane for the position.
99. Now, a test ________ (do) by him to prepare for his exam.
101. They were very worried that the work would not ________(finish).
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1. Cách dùng
Cách dùng Ví dụ
Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã bắt đầu trong quá - I have learned English for 15 years.
khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục ở tƣơng (Tôi đã học Tiếng Anh được 15 năm rồi. => hiện tại
lai tôi vẫn đang học)
Dùng để diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra - I have just taught English here.
Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ - I have seen this film. I like it so much.
nhƣng không biết rõ thời gian hoặc không đề cập
(Tôi đã xem bộ phim này. Tôi rất thích nó.)
đến thời gian
- She has visited Ha Long Bay.
Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra nhƣng kết quả - Lan has cleaned the floor. => It is clean now.
còn ở hiện tại (Lan đã lau sàn nhà.)
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He/ She/ It/ has He/ She/ It/ has not/ hasn‟t
Danh từ số ít Danh từ số ít
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- She has just bought a house. - My mother hasn‟t lived here since Christmas. (Mẹ
tôi đã không sống ở đây kể từ Giáng Sinh.)
(Cô ấy vừa mới mua một ngôi nhà.)
- I haven‟t been to Ha Noi.
- They have gone to Ho Chi Minh city.
(Tôi chưa tới Hà Nội.)
(Họ đã đi tới thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.)
- We haven‟t finished our homework.
- Mr Nam has taught English since last month.
(Ông Nam đã dạy tiếng Anh từ tháng trước.) (Chúng tôi chưa hoàn thành bài tập về nhà.)
Has he/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít Yes, he/ She/ It/ Danh từ số has.
ít
No, hasn't.
+ V (p.II)
Have I/ You/ We/ They/ Danh Yes, I/ You/ We/ They/ have.
từ số nhiều Danh từ số nhiều
No, haven't.
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Ví dụ:
- Have you done your homework? (Bạn đã làm bài tập về nhà chưa?)
- Has you taught here since last month? (Cô ấy đã dạy ở đây từ tháng trước phải không?)
Trong câu ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, thƣờng có các từ/ cụm từ sau:
- Never (chƣa bao giờ), ever (đã từng), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi), yet (chƣa), how long (bao lâu), before
(trƣớc đây), recently/ lately/ so far (gần đây), up to now/ up the present (cho tới bây giờ), …..
- this is the first time/ the second time: đây là lần đầu tiên/ lần thứ hai
- for + khoảng thời gian (for ages/ two years ,…), for a long time = for ages (trong một khoảng thời gian dài),
…
Động từ ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành đƣợc chia theo 1 trong 2 cách sau:
- Nếu là động từ có quy tắc thì thêm đuôi “ed”: áp dụng quy tắc thêm đuôi “ed” vào sau động từ ở Unit 8.
- Nếu là động từ bất quy tắc thì xem cột 3 bảng động từ bất quy tắc
Ví dụ:
- He has just bought a new house. (Anh ấy vừa mới mua một ngôi nhà mới.)
- I‟ve known her for ten years. (Tôi đã biết cô ấy 10 năm rồi.)
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- Nga has ever eaten this kind of food. (Nga đã từng ăn loại thức ăn này rồi.)
- She has waited for him for 30 minutes. (Cô ấy đã chờ anh ấy được 30 phút rồi.)
5. So sánh thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn
Cách dùng - Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã bắt đầu trong quá - Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã
khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục ở tƣơng lai hoàn toàn kết thúc trong quá khứ
- Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ - Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã
nhƣng không biết rõ thời gian hoặc không đề cập đến xảy ra tại một thời gian trong quá
thời gian khứ
Ví dụ - She has lived in Ho Chi Minh city for 8 years. - She lived in Ho Chi Minh city 8
(Cô ấy đã sống ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh được 8 năm years ago.
rồi.) (Cô ấy đã sống ở thành phố Hồ
Chí Minh cách đây 8 năm.)
=> Bây giờ cô ấy vẫn sống ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
=> Bây giờ cô ấy không sống ở
- Someone has stolen my computer.
thành phố Hồ Chí Minh nữa.
(Ai đó đã ăn trộm máy tính của tôi.)
- Someone stole my computer
yesterday.
EX7. Viết các câu sau ở thể khẳng định (+), thể phủ định (-), thể nghi vấn (?) ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
(-) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
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2. (+) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
3. (+) ________________________________________________________________.
(-) ________________________________________________________________.
4. (+) Jim has just played video games with his brother.
(-) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
5. (+) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
6. (+) ________________________________________________________________.
(-) ________________________________________________________________.
(-) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
8. (+) ________________________________________________________________.
(?) ________________________________________________________________?
EX8: Đặt những trạng từ trong ngoặc vào đúng vị trí của nó trong các câu sau đây:
2. Have you finished your report? You need to bring it to me before 9 a.m. (yet)
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EX9. Điền “for” hoặc “since” vào chỗ trống sao cho thích hợp.
6. Jim and Jane have known each other _________ quite a long time.
EX10. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Jim: Hi, Jane. How are you? What (1. you/ do) ______________recently?
Jane: Oh, hi Jim. It (2. be)______________quite a long time since we last talked. Well, I (3.
work)______________for a non-profit organization. We are carrying out a project to help homeless people in
our neighborhood.
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Jane: Of course! Basically my colleagues and I are doing charitable work, so we rarely receive any financial
support. We (5. provide)______________free food for the homeless people since last week. Moreover, the
organization (6. recently offer)______________ jobs for those people.
Jim: It is a meaningful job. I really admire you! How long (7. you/ work)______________there?
Jane: Since the start of our summer holoiday. How about you? What (8. you/ do)__________ this summer?
Jim: Not much. I spend my whole day reading and reading. So far, I (9. already finish)______________three
books. My mother (10. tell)______________me several times to go out and try something new but I (11. not
find)______________anything that suits me.
Jane: Uhm, let‟s see. How about joining our organization? We (12. look)______________for new volunteers
for weeks. The organization (13. also plan)______________to have some voluntary programs to help disabled
children. You can join and read books for the kids.I think it‟s quite suitable for you.
Jjm: That‟s a nice idea. I will definitely consider it. By the way, I (14. plan)__________to have a party with
friends. Would you like to come?
Jane: I‟d love to. When will you hold the party?
EX11. Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, hãy viết thành những câu hoàn chỉnh.
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
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________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________?
________________________________________________________________?
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
2. Tommy (worked/ has worked) for this company for 10 months but now he doesn‟t work here.
4. Mr Vu (have found/ founded) this non-profit organization to benefit the local community.
5. Jame‟s (not been/not) a member of the volunteer club since he left school.
6. Her husband (has given up/ gave up) smoking when they had their first child.
8. I lost my key on my way home last night. Up to now I (didn‟t find/ haven‟t found) it.
9. You (have lied/ have lain) in bed since the morning. Get up and find something else to do.
10. They (were/ have been) close friends for 3 months but now they hate each other.
11. (Have you ever tried/ Did you ever try) ice skating when you were a kid?
12. How long (have you taught/ did you teach) in this primary school?
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13. The last time we met (has been/ was) ten days ago.
14. You (have eaten/ haven‟t eaten) anything since yesterday. You must be very hungry now.
15. We (have been/ have never been) to this place before. This is the first time.
B. The last time I didn‟t water this tree was a week ago.
EX14. Chuyển các câu sau từ thì quá khứ đơn sang thì hiện tại hoàn thành sao cho nghĩa của câu không
thay đổi.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
2. The last time the team won the prize was a long time ago.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
8. The last time she involved in community service was 2 months ago.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
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=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
EX15. Chuyển các câu sau từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang thì quá khứ đơn sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay
đổi.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
3. Ms. Ann hasn‟t taken part in any voluntary programs for 4 years.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
6. The volunteers have provided free food and fresh water to homeless people since yesterday.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
7. The doctor has quitted his job in the local hospital and moved to the central hospital for 2 days.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
=> ____________________________________________________________________.
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=> ____________________________________________________________________.
EX16. Chia động từ trong ngoặc về thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành (thể khẳng định hoặc phủ
định) sao cho phù hợp.
1. Last month our class (go) ____________ on a field trip with our teacher. We (not have) ____________
another field trip since then.
2. I (use to/ live) ____________ with my grandmother until I (be) ____________ 18. Since then, I (meet)
____________ my grandmother again.
3. My mother (work) ____________ as a teacher in the local high school for 20 years before her retirement.
4. The last time we (have) ____________ dinner together was 2 weeks ago.
5. My uncle (meet) ____________ his family since he (go) ____________ on a business trip last month.
6. Your friend Sarah (just/ phone) ____________ you. She (say) ____________ sorry because she (can/ come)
____________ to your party.
7. So far, I (already/ read) ____________ 11 different books. My most favourite book is “Paper towns” by John
Green. I (finish) ____________ reading it last weekend.
8. Last night I (feel) ____________ well, so my father (take) ____________ me to hospital. I (be)
____________ out of hospital yet.
It was a sunny day (1) _______ I first involved in community service. I (2) _______ a group of more
than 20 students to do voluntary work in a school of (3) _______ children. Soon after we came there, the leader
divided us into several teams with different duties. My job was to play with the children there. To be honest, I
was a bit confused at first. There were many children and all of them had health problems. However, most of
them were (4) _______ and friendly. They seemed to enjoy the volunteer‟s visit and they played joyously with
us. We (5) _______ the kids with paper and pencils and instructed them to draw. We maintained a cozy
atmosphere until the volunteer group had to leave. It was such an amazing experience to me that I could (6)
_______ forget it. I have involved in many other charitable projects (7) _______ my first voluntary experience.
I think I will continue doing charity in the future (8) _______ I have time.
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EX18. Đọc đoạn văn dƣới đây và trả lời câu hỏi.
When Henry Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. Almost everyone knows that he is one of the
world‟s richest people and perhaps the most successul businessman ever. He is the co-founder of Microsoft and
successully made it into the world‟s biggest software company. Moreover, he is renowed as a generous and kind
man who started his own charity with his wife. They named it “Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation”, also
known as the “Gates Foundation”.
The main purpose of the foundation are to improve healthcare and reduce poverty globally. In America,
it also helps to open up educational opportunities and provide access to information technology. So far, the
Gates Foundation has received many awards. President Barack Obama honored Bill and Melinda Gates with the
Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 22, 2016. “Time” magazine voted Gates as one of the biggest
influences of the 20th century.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. When did President Barack Obama honor Bill and Melinda Gates with a medal?
________________________________________________________________
PRACTISE
UNIT 2: CLOTHING
1. We have been _____ since we were children. I hope our ______ will last forever. (friend)
5. What is the _____________ between living in the city and living in the countryside? (differ)
6. She always does things _______. Things seem go wrong when she touches them. (care)
8. ___________, we visit our relatives and friends on New Year‟s Day. (Tradition)
9. They have had a plan to replace the unfashionable vehicles. They hope all means of transportation will be
_______________ soon. (modern)
10. She has the ______________ to create new designs for the ao dai. (inspire)
Đáp án:
II. Rewrite sentences, using the provided word keep meaning as that of the root one
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Why .................................................................................................................................................
While I ...............................................................................................
It is a ..................................................................................................
Do you ........................................................................................................................................... ?
The ....................................................................................................................................................
It is Nam's ...................................................................................................................................
III. Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English.
10. Some designers have ______________the ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it. (modern)
7. Rob was dismissed after being told by his______________that he must leave in a month's time.
( employ)
8. He's quite an______ person. He plays lots of sport and goes running everyday (energy)
10. I think it's ver______of him to expect us to work over time every night this week (reason)
V: Rewrite sentences, using the provided word keep meaning as that of the root one
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A. Have you seen B. Had you seen C. Did you see D. Were you seen
44. She often wishes that she ______ a bicycle.
A. can ride B. can rode C. could ride D. could rode
45. “ You are late”, She said, “ I think the bus______ already.”
A. went B. was going C. goes D. has gone
IV. Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English.
46. Can you tell me when penicillin is discovered? – In 1928.
A B C D
47. When my brother went to work in the city library, he became interesting in books.
A B C D
48. There was so many traffic that it took me an hour to get to the office.
A B C D
49. Are you accustomed to live in a big city yet?
A B C D
50. My uncle wishes he didn‟t waste time when he was young.
A B C D
51. We had to use the stairs because the elevator was out order.
A B C D
52. He has worked for the same company since he leaves school.
A B C D
53. Do you know “Farad”, a unit in electricity is named after Faraday?
A B C D
54. The girl was last saw wearing a pink dress and brown shoes.
A B C D
55. For the time being he was writing a new novel which is a science fiction.
A B C D
V. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
We don‟t only choose clothes to make us look (56)______, we also use them to tell the world (57)______
our personality. The clothes we wear and our (58) ______ as a whole give other people useful information
about what we think (59)______ we feel. If we feel cheerful, we usually wear (60) ______ clothes and if we
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feel (61) ______ we sometimes put on dark clothes. But why do teenagers wear black so(62)______? Is it
because they feel miserable all (63)______? This is unlikely to be the case. It is probably just because it is
(64)______ to wear black, and young people they are real fans of (65)______.
56. A. attract B. attractive C. attractively D. attraction
57. A. of B. with C. by D. about
58. A. appear B. appearance C. appeared D. appearing
59. A. which B. what C. how D. when
60. A. colorful B. colors C. colorfully D. colorless
61. A. depress B. depressed C. depressing D. depression
62. A. frequent B. frequency C. frequently D. frequents
63. A. the time B. the day C. the week D. the month
64. A. fashion B. fashionable C. fashioner D. fashioned
65. A. fashion B. fashionable C. fashioner D. fashioned
VI. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one.
66. They believe that the old castle was built hundreds of years ago.
A. It was believed that the old castle was built hundreds of years ago.
B. The old castle is believed to be built hundreds of years ago.
C. The old castle is believed to have built hundreds of years ago.
D. The old castle is believed to have been built hundreds of years ago.
67. In France people think horse meat is delicious.
A. Horse meat are thought to be delicious in France.
B. Horse meat was thought to be delicious in France.
C. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France.
D. It is thought horse meat be delicious in France.
68. I‟ve got no idea what his name is.
A. What‟s his name? B. His name has no idea
C. I‟ve got his name already D. I don‟t know his name
69.There were only two actors on the stage when the play started.
A. Two actors were playing on the stage. B. The play began with two actors on the stage.
C. We saw two actors on the stage D. They played with two actors
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70. The picture he gave you was better than the one he gave me.
A. Your picture was better than mine.
B. The picture he gave you was god.
C. The picture he gave you was bad.
D. The picture he gave you was the one he gave me.
UNIT 2 TEST 2
I/ Choose the word which is pronounced differently from the other.
1. A. proud B. pound C. double D. house
2. A. roofs B. tickets C. tops D. waves
3. A. since B. ride C. drive D. divide
4. A. sun B. fun C. full D. run
5. A. value B. use C. music D. currency
II. Choose the word in each line that has different stress pattern.
6. A. constrained B. fashion C. novel D. poem
7. A. subject B. symbol C. unique D. sweater
8. A. traditional B. encouragement C. minority D. psychedelic
9. A. casual B. occasion C. logical D. rivalry
10. A. economic B. historical C. intelligent D. directory
III. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.
11. My uncle is ______. He composed music and plays the piano very well.
A. musician B. music player C. music writer D. music fan
12. The Ao dai is the______ dress of Vietnamese women.
A. casual B. traditional C. international D. social
13. Miss Nga designs clothes for ladies. She is a ______ .
A. fashion clothes B. clothing C. cloth maker D. fashion designer
14. Poets are usually inspired with beauty. They write______ to show their feeling.
A. novels B. poems C. text reading D. essays
15. Vietnamese women usually wear the Ao dai , especially on______ occasions.
A. casual B. national C. special D. additional
16. The Ao dai ______ of long silk tunic that is slit on the sides and worn over loose pants.
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IV. Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English.
46. This is the first time I tried to play badminton.
A B C D
47. None of the pictures are the same. They are all very different with each other.
A B C D
48. The last time we decorated the flat was 5 years ago. The flat wasn‟t decorated for five years.
A B C D
49. In the end, the result was quite different with what we expected.
A B C D
50. We won‟t know the value of health until we will lose it.
A B C D
51. Since civilization began, gold is regarded as a symbol of power and wealth.
A B C D
52. Nowadays women don‟t spend much time doing housework no longer.
A B C D
53. Destroyed completely during the war, this city has now rebuilt fast.
A B C D
54. The effects of cigarette has been proved to be extremely harmful.
A B C D
55. Collecting of coins and stamps were my father‟s hobby when he retired.
A B C D
V. Read the following passage and choose the best answers.
BLUE JEANS.
Levi Strauss, a young (56)______from Germany, arrived in San Francisco in 1850. California was in the
middle of the Gold Rush, thousands of men were coming to California to dig for gold. And Levi Strauss came
to sell canvas to these (57)______Canvas is heavy fabric. So Levi Strauss thought the miners could use the
canvas for tents.
One day Strauss heard a miner (58)______ that he couldn‟t find clothes (59)______for the work he was
doing. Strauss got an idea. He quickly took some of his canvas and made it (60)______pants. These are pants
were (61)______the miners needed. In one day Strauss sold all the pants he had made.
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Strauss wanted to improve his pants. He wanted to make them event better. He bought a fabric that was
softer than canvas but just as strong. This fabric came from Nimes, a city in France, and was called serge de
Nimes. The miners liked this fabric. They called it “denim” (from de Nimes) and bought even more pants from
Strauss.
However, denim had (62)______ Because of this the denim pants did not look interesting and they got
dirty easily. To solve these problems, Strauss made the denim blue.
Strauss continued to improve his jeans. Today, the company he started is known around the world. and
jeans are considered not just practical but very fashionable as well.
56. A. immigrate B. immigrant C. immigrated D. migrate
57. A. gold mines B. gold mining C. gold miners D. mining gold
58. A. complain B. tell C. ask D. talk
59. A. enough strong B. strong enough C. strength d. strength enough
60. A. from B. for C. into D. to
61. A. that B. what C. which D. x
62. A. colorful B. colorless C. no color D. color
63. The word “ to improve” means:
A. to make better B. to find more C. to take care D. to look after
64. The phrase “ around the world” means:
A. outside the world B. the world over C. near the world D. worldwide
65. People like jeans because they are:
A. practical B. fashionable C. colorful D. A and B
VI. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one.
66. The dancing hall is overcrowded.
A. There are too much people there. B. There are too many people there.
C. There are more people in the dancing hall. D. There are many people dancing there.
67. The dog doesn‟t look friendly at all.
A. It looks frightened B. It makes us frightening
C. It is frightening D. All of us are frightening
68. We missed the last bus, so we went home on foot.
A. As we missed the last bus, we walked home.
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PRACITSE
TEST 1
UNIT 3: A TRIP TO THE COUNTRYSIDE
I. Choose the word which is pronounced differently from the other.
1. A. teacher B. scholarship C. chair D. chess
2. A. few B. dew C. new D. sew
3. A. smart B. cart C. carry D. start
4. A. burn B. bury C. curly D. turn
5. A. about B. south C. count D. young
II. Choose the word in each line has different stress pattern.
6. A. bamboo B. blanket C. comment D. entrance
7. A. collection B. hamburger C. pagoda D. encourage
8. A. locate B. admire C. forest D. effect
9. A. invent B. remain C. exchange D. gather
10. A. grocery B. collection C. revision D. decision
III. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.
11. After two hours traveling by bus, we ______ Vung Tau.
A. came B. got C. reached D. went
12. While going on her summer vacation, Liz took a lot of______ to show the trip to her friends.
A. pictures B. things C. signs D. photos
13. They usually go for a walk in the park early in the morning to enjoy the ______ air there.
A. fresh B. salty C. windy D. strong
14. After an hour‟s walking, everyone felt tired and hungry, so they stopped and had a ______.
A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. snack
15. We hired a canoe and went______ in the river.
A. working B. playing C. boating D. climbing
16. They put up the tent and had a ______ on the river bank.
A. way B. picnic C. place D. space
17. Many people go to amusement parks on weekends to ______ after a hard working week.
A. see B. watch C. enjoy D. relax
18. He invited me______ his family on a trip to Nha Trang.
A. to join B. to come C. to get D. to take
19. Look at the big old tree at the ______to the village. It‟s a banyan tree.
A. exit B. going C. entrance D. way
20. We started to walk to the village. The______ to the village was tiring but very interesting.
A. voyage B. travel C. going D. journey
21. We also walked up the mountain to visit the ______ of a Vietnamese hero.
A. place B. shrine C. land D. site
22. They see each other ______ lunchtime and______ night only.
A. in/ in B. on/ on C. at/ at D. in/ at
23. I was ______tired that I fell asleep while watching TV.
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41. It‟s time you ______up smoking because you are in bath health.
A. give B. gave C. has given D. would give
42. ______hearing those air planes over your house every day.
A. Are you use to B. Are you used for C. Are you accustom to D. Are you accustomed to
43. American women nowadays ______being independent.
A. are used to B. aren‟t used to C. used to D. not use to
44. If only I ______for that job, I might be a typist now.
A. apply B. applied C. had applied D. have applied
45. They arrive ______Tan Son Nhat Airport ______3 o‟clock in the afternoon.
A. at / at B. in / in C. in / at D. at / in
IV. Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English.
46. The fruit was so rotten that it had to throw away.
A B C D
47. Mrs. Brown used to jogging during the summer months but now it often rains so she stops jogging.
A B C D
48. The film we saw last night was so bad that we wish we didn‟t go to see it.
A B C D
49. The doctors know that it would be difficult to save the life of the patient but they‟ll do their best.
A B C D
50. I‟ll go to the school to collect the children. They are used to be picked up after school every day.
A B C D
51. My father wishes that he doesn‟t have to retire at the age of sixty.
A B C D
52. I hate Mondays! If only I don‟t have to go to school on Mondays.
A B C D
53. I wish I can earn more money and work less time. But, of course I can‟t.
A B C D
54. I don‟t believe it. It‟s three in the morning and the party still doesn‟t finish.
A B C D
55. The world‟s first computer built at the university of Pennsylvania in 1946.
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A B C D
V. Read the following passage and choose the best answers.
A TRIP TO FRANCE
Paul had a very exciting summer holiday this year. His French pen-friend invited him to visit her family in
the south of France. Paul (56) ______ by plane from London to Paris. Marie, his French friend, (57) ______
him in Paris and together they took a train from Paris to Marseilles. Marseilles is the (58) ______ where Marie‟s
family lives. It is a very large port. A lot of people live in Marseilles and (59) ______ are many interesting
shops and cafes there. Paul started French at school two years ago and he spoke French all the time with Marie
and her family (60) ______ it was very difficult for him but soon it became(61) ______ easier. One day Marie
and her parents (62) ______ Paul for a picnic in the mountains. They climbed a big hill . From the top of the
hill, they had a wonderful (63) ______ In the (64) ______ they could see the sea. Paul was very sad when it was
time to go back to London and school. He is already looking (65) ______ to next summer when Marie is going
to spend her holidays with his family in England.
56. A. got B. moved c. went D. transferred
57. A. met B. saw C. took D. greeted
58. A. country B. town C. capital D. village
59. A. they B. those C. these D. there
60. A. At first B. At beginning C. At starting D. At first time
61. A. much B. so C. too D. extremely
62. A. brought B. took C. carried D. got
63. A. view B. sight C. scene D. scenery
64. A. space B. air c. distance D. way
65. A. through B. forward C. on D. out
VI. Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one.
66. They were all very sad after knowing the result.
A. Neither of them are happy. B. Some of them weren‟t happy.
C. None of them were happy. D. Some of them were happy.
67. They discussed contract terms at lunchtime.
A. They had lunch and then discussed contract terms.
B. They discussed contract terms after lunch.
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………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ
VOCABULARY
- learn by heart / /lɜːn - baɪ - /hɑːt/: học thuộc lòng
- as + adj / adv + as possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ : càng … càng tốt
Ex: You come as soon as possible.
- quite /kwaɪt/ (adv) = very, completely:rất
- examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ (v): tra hỏi, xem xét
+ examiner (n): giám khảo
+ examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ (n): kỳ thi
- go on : tiếp tục
- aspect /ˈæspekt/(n): khía cạnh
- in the end = finally, at last : cuối cùng
- exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ (adv): chính xác
- passage (n)/ˈpæsɪdʒ/ : đoạn văn
- attend /əˈtend/ (v): theo học, tham dự
+ attendance /əˈtendəns/ (n) sự tham dự
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VD: Mr Nam said to Hoa, “You take your book out and show it to me”
- Tình huống 1: Một ngƣời bạn của Hoa tƣờng thuật với ngƣời bạn khác: Mr Nam told Hoa that she took her
book out and showed it to him.
- Tình huống 2: Hoa tƣờng thuật với một ngƣời bạn khác: Mr Nam told me that I took my book out and showed
it to him
- Tình huống 3: Thầy Nam tƣờng thuật với ngƣời khác: I told Hoa that she took her book out and showed it to
me
3. Thay đổi thời gian, địa điểm, các từ chỉ định
a. Từ chỉ thời gian
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
- now then, at that time, at once, immediately
- an hour ago an hour before/an hour earlier
- today that day
- tonight that night
- yesterday the day before/the previous day
- tomorrow the next day/the following day
- Yesterday morning/ afternoon the previous morning/ afternoon
- Tomorrow morning the next/following morning
- the day before yesterday two days before
- the day after tomorrow (in) two days‟ time
- last year the year before/the previous year
- next month the month after/the following month
b. Từ chỉ nơi chốn, địa điểm:
HERE THERE: Khi chỉ một địa điểm xác định
Eg: “Do you put the pen here?” he said He asked me if I put the pen there
HERE cụm từ thích hợp tùy theo nghĩa:
Eg: She said to me, “You sit here” She told me to sit next to her.
“Come here, John,” he said He told John to come over him.
c. Các đại từ chỉ định:
THIS/ THESE + từ chỉ thời gian THAT/THOSE
Eg: “They‟re coming this evening,” he said. He said (that) they were coming that evening
THIS/THESE + danh từ THE
Eg: “Is this book yours?” said Mary Mary asked me if the book was mine
THIS/THESE: chỉ thị đại từ IT/ THEM
Eg: He said, “I like this” He said (that) he liked it
Ann said to Tom, “Please take these into my room” Ann asked Tom to take them into her room
4. Thay đổi thì của động từ
Các trƣờng hợp thay đổi thì:
Khi các động từ tƣờng thuật (say, tell, ask…) ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp phải lùi về quá khứ một
thì so với câu trực tiếp.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Simple Present: “I don‟t know this man” Simple Past: He said he didn‟t know that man
Present Continuous: “I‟m working for a Past Continuous: He said he was working for a foreign
foreign company” company
Present Perfect: “I‟ve read a good book” Past Perfect: He said he had read a good book
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Present Perfect Continuous: “I have been Past Perfect Continuous: He said he had been writing
writing my report”. his report
Simple Past: “I finished my assignment” Past Perfect: He said he had finished his assignment
Simple Future: “I will do it later” Future in the past: He said he would do it later.
Modal Verbs: Past forms of modals:
“I can work late today” He said he could work late that day
“I may see her tonight” He said he might see her that night
“I must/have to go now” He said he had to go then
b. Khi động từ tƣờng thuật (say, tell, ask…) ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp không đổi thì
trong các trƣờng hợp sau:
- Tường thuật một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, định luật khoa học hay vật lý:
Eg: My teacher said, “Russia is the biggest country in the world”
My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world
He said, “health is more precious than gold” He said (that) health is more precious than gold
- Được tường thuật ngay sau khi nói hay khi thuật lại sự kiện vẫn không đổi:
Eg: (In class): A: What did the teacher say?
B: He said (that) he wants us to do our homework
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp là các động từ như: USED TO, hay các động từ khiếm khuyết: COULD,
WOULD, SHOULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO, HAD TO, HAD BETTER
Eg: He said, “They might win the game” He said to me that they might win the game.
- Với MUST diễn tả lời khuyên:
Eg: “This book is very useful. You must read it”, Tom said to me.
Tom told me (that) the book was very useful and I must read it.
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp ở các thì: Past Continuous, Past perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, (nếu thì
Simple Past đi kèm một thời gian cụ thể có thể không thay đổi thì).
Eg: He said, “I was eating when he called me” He told me he was eating when she called him.
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn (wish): theo sau động từ WISH, WOULD RATHER, IF ONLY
Eg: He said, “I wish I were richer” He told me he wished he were richer
She said, “I wish I had a good memory” She said she wished she had a good memory
- Các câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 (câu điều kiện không thật)
Eg: He said, “If I had time, I would help you” He said to me if he had time, he would help me
- Cấu trúc “It’s (high) time…”
Eg: He said, “It‟s time we went” He said it was time they went.
He said, “It‟s time we changed our way of working” He said (that) it was time they changed their way of
working.
C/ Các loại câu gián tiếp
1. Tƣờng thuật câu trần thuật (statements)
- Dùng say hoặc tell để tƣờng thuật
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- Thƣờng bắt đầu bằng: He said that…. / she said to me that…/ they told me that….,
eg: She said, “I‟m happy to see you again”
She said that she was happy to see me again
She said to me that she was happy to see me again
She told me that she was happy to see me again
- Chú ý đổi thì, các đại từ, các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm…
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e. Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở (reminders) dùng cấu trúc: remind somebody to do something
“Don‟t forget to turn off the lights before leaving,” Sue told me Sue reminded me to turn off the lights before
leaving
f. Tường thuật lời động viên (encouragement) dùng cấu trúc: encourage / urge somebody to do something
“Go on, take part in the competition,” said my father My father encouraged me to take part in the competition
g. Tường thuật lời cấu khẩn dùng cấu trúc: beg/implore somebody to do something
“Do me a favor, please,” said the servant to his master The servant begged/implored his master to do him a
favor.
h. Tường thuật lời đề nghị, tự nguyện (offers) dùng cấu trúc: offer to do something
Lời đề nghị: - Shall I + V
- Would you like me + to V
- Let me + V
Eg: Mary said to Ann, “Shall I get you a glass of orange juice?” Mary offered to get Anna a glass of orange
juice.
“Shall I bring you some tea?” He asked He offered to bring me some tea
i. Tường thuật lời hứa (Promises) dùng cấu trúc: promise (not) to do something
Eg: “I‟ll give the book back to you tomorrow,” he said He promised to give the book back to me the next day.
j. Tường thuật lời đe dọa (threat) dùng cấu trúc: threaten to do something.
“I‟ll shot if you move,” said the robber The robber threatened to shoot if I moved
4. Câu tƣờng thuật với “gerund”
Các cấu trúc của câu tƣờng thuật với danh động từ:
S + V + V-ing: admit, deny, suggest…
S + V + preposition + V-ing: apologize for, complain about, confess to, insist on, object to, dream of, think of…
S + V + O + preposition + V-ing: accuse.. of, blame…for, congratulate…on, criticize…for,
warn…about/against, praise…for, thank…for, prevent…from…
Eg: “I‟ve always wanted to study abroad,” he said. He‟s dreaming of studying abroad.
“It‟s nice of you to give me some fruit. Thanks,” Ann said to Mary Ann thanked Mary for giving her some fruit
“I‟m sorry, I‟m late,” Tom said to the teacher. Tom apologized to the teacher for being late
“Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked He suggested meeting at the theater.
5. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp
What a lovely dress! She exclaimed that the dress was lovely.
She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely one.
She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.
6. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp
She said, “Can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
She asked me if I could play the piano and I said that I could not
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A. hasn‟t met–left B. hadn‟t met-had left C. hadn‟t met/ left D. didn‟tmeet – left
25. The woman asked __________get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could C. if the children can D. could the children
26. She said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking
27. He asked, “Why didn‟t she take the final exam?” - He asked why __________ the final exam.
A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn‟t taken D. she had taken
28. Peter said he__________ some good marks the semester before.
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got
29. They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
30. Mary asked me where I___________ from.
A. came B. coming C. to come D. come
31. She asked me _______ my holidays _______.
A. where I spent / the previous year B. where I had spent/ the previous year
C. where I spent / last year D. where did I spend / last year
32. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book.
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
33. Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done/ following B. will do/previous C. would do/ following D. was going/
previous
34. The guest told the host that _______.
A. I must go now B. he must go now C. he had to go now D. he had to go then
37. '' How long have you lived in Ha Noi''? said my friend.
A. My friend asked me how long have I lived in HaNoi.
B. My friend asked me how long had I lived in HaNoi.
C. My friend asked me how long I had lived in HaNoi.
D. My friend asked me how long I have lived in HaNoi.
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40. “Don‟t make noise because I am listening music now” he said to me.
A. He asked me not to make noise because I am listening music now.
B. He asked me not to make noise because I was listening music then.
C. He asked me not to make noise because he was listening music then.
D. He asked me to make noise because I was listening music then.
41. “I have just seen your mother this morning”. Laura said to Lewis.
A. Laura told Lewis I have just seen your mother this morning.
B. Laura told Lewis she had just seen his mother that morning.
C. Laura told Lewis she has just seen his mother that morning.
D. Laura told Lewis he had just seen her mother that morning.
42. “We are ready to come with our friends” they said.
A. They told us they are ready to come with their friends.
B. They told us they were ready to come with our friends.
C. They told us we were ready to come with our friends.
D. They told us they were ready to come with their friends.
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46. “You cheated in the exam. ” The teacher said to his students
A. The teacher insisted his students on cheating in the exam.
B. The teacher prevented his students from cheating in the exam.
C. The teacher advised his students to cheat in the exam.
D. The teacher accused his students of cheating in the exam.
47. " Don't forget to give the book back to Mary," he said to me.
A. He reminded me to give the book back to Mary.
B. He reminded me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
C. He advised me to give the book back to Mary.
D. He advised me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
48. "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
49. 'Remember to pick me up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon," she said.
A. She told me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
B. She reminded me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the following afternoon.
C. She reminded me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next afternoon.
D. She told me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next day afternoon.
50. " Let's have a picnic next Saturday," Julia said.
A. Julia said that let's have a picnic the next Saturday.
B. Julia suggested having a picnic the following Saturday.
C. Julia advised how about having a picnic the next Saturday.
D. Julia told that why they didn't have a picnic next Saturday.
51. "If I were you, I'd tell him the truth," she said to me.
A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd tell him the truth.
B. She will tell him the truth if she is me.
C. She suggested to tell him the truth if she were me.
D. She advised me to tell him the truth.
52. “ Why don't you have your room repainted?" said Viet to Nam.
A. Viet suggested that Nam should have his room repainted.
B. Viet suggested having Nam's room repainted.
C. Viet asked Nam why you didn't have your room repainted.
D. Viet wanted to know why Nam doesn't have his room repainted.
53. "If I were you. Bill, I'd buy the house, " Stephen said.
A. Stephen suggested Bill to buy the house.
B. Stephen advised Bill to buy the house.
C. Stephen promised Bill that he would buy the house.
D. Stephen forced Bill to buy the house.
54. “Don‟t forget to feed the chicken twice a day. ”
A. He said don‟t forget to feed the chicken twice a day.
B. He told not to forget to feed the chicken twice a day.
C. He reminded me to feed the chicken twice a day.
D. He suggested me to feed the chicken twice a day
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64. "How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
C. Choose the word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting.
65. He said me if I had done my homework.
A B C D
66. They wanted to know how much could you pay for it.
A B C D
67. You promised you will go on a picnic with us the next Sunday
A B C D
68. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them.
A B C D
69. Ron said that he wasn‟t sure, but the storm may stop already.
A B C D
70. I asked him how far was it to the station if I went there by taxi.
A B C D
71. The shopkeeper warned the boys don‟t lean their bicycles against his windows.
A B C D
72. They asked me that I could do the shopping for them.
A B C D
73. Her mother ordered her do not go out with him the night before.
A B C D
74. The traffic warden asked me why had I parked my car there.
A B C D
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Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (if clause). Muốn
nhấn mạnh mệnh đề nào ta dặt nó ở đầu câu.
Có 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản sau:
1.Future possible (tương lai có thể xãy ra) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại I
*.Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
*Chú í: - Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng can, may, must thay cho will, shall
- Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dung dạng mệnh lệnh.
*Ví dụ nè: If you learn hard, you will pass any examination
Lan can speak English fluently if she practices every day
Come to visit me if you have spare time.
2.Present unreal (hiện tại không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại II
* Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
3.Past unreal (quá khứ không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại III
* Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
Chú í: - có thể dùng might, could thay cho would tùy theo nghĩa của câu
VD: I vould have spoken to Nam if I had seen him yesterday.
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( trên thực tế, hôm qua tôi tôi không thấy Nam và đã không có nói chuyện)
If he had tried hard last time, he could have succeeded
( trên thực tế, lần qua anh ta không cố gắng và không thành công)
Khi dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 này, ta phải hiểu ý trái lại.
Xem kĩ nhé: unless = if…….. not
Unless you finish your homework, I will punish you.
(nếu bạn không hoàn thành bài tập của bạn, tôi sẽ phạt bạn đấy)
PRACTISE
BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Bài 1. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time.
2. Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you.
5. Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6. You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button.
9. If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10. I (to call) the office if I was/were you.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn
1.If it (to be) warmer, we (to go) swimming.
2. My parents (to buy) this house if the man (not/to sell) it to someone else.
3. If he (not/to fail) his driving test, his parents (to lend) him their car.
4. If my uncle (to tell) me the way to his office, I (not/to arrive) so late.
5. She (to be) at the airport if she (to read) the message carefully.
6. Lucy (not/to hurt) her foot if she (not/to drop) the old box on it.
7. If you (to use) a sharp knife, you (not/to cut) yourself.
8. If Victoria (to celebrate) her birthday at home, I (to bring) her some flowers.
9. We (to take) the train to Edinburgh if it (to run) on time.
10. If Max (not/to forget) his schoolbag, he (to give) you your USB flash drive.
Bài 3: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. If I see him, I _____ (give) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I‟d give it to you.
6. If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn‟t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.
9. If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
11. I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday.
12. If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do) …………… ?
13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you...........(save) the file.
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14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized/ would stop
B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/ stopped
D. had realized/ would have stopped
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop
B. had stopped
C. will stop
D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform
B. had discovered/ would have informed\
C. had discovered/ could inform
D. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave
B. go/ give
C. had gone/ would have given
D. went/ would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was/ answered
B. were/ would answer
C. were/ would have answered
D. had been/ would have answered
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were
B. had been
C. have been
D. would be
20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive/ could not sail
B. had not received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/ might not have sailed
D. would not receive/ might not sail
Bài 6: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. If she …………… the lottery last year, She ………… rich now.
A. have won/would be
B. had won/would be
C.won/would be
D. wins/will be
2. If I …………… the homework last night, I…………… bonus today.
A. had done/would get
B. had done/would have got
C. done/would get
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D. does/will get
3. If we had played this game yesterday, we…………… a lot of money now.
A. will have
B. may have
C. would have had
D. would have
4. If it ……………… last night, it would be cold today.
A. had rained
B. rained
C. have rained
D. was raining
5. If she …………… to me, she ……………… in trouble right now.
A. had listened/would be
B. had listened/would have be
C. had listened/would not be
D. A & B
6. If it had rained one hour ago, the streets ………… wet now.
A. would have be
B. will be
C. be
D. would be
7. If I ………………. to the beach yesterday, I would be tired today.
A. have gone
B. goes
C. had gone
D. A & B
8. If they had gone to school yesterday, they ……….. to the museum now
A. would go
B. will go
C. could go
D. A&C
9. If he had done exercise last night, he ……… soccer right now.
A. will play
B. can play
C. plays
D. could play.
10. If Nina had not gone out last week, she ……………… die now.
A. will
B. would
C. could
D. B&C
Bài 7: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. If you take my advice, you ........................ (be) happy.
2. What would you do if you ........................ (be) me?
3. If you ........................ (lend) me some books I will give them back in two weeks.
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TEST 1
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A. on
B. between
C. till
D. at
14. He was born______15th January.
A. in
B. of
C. at
D. on
15. We have lived in Hanoi______4 years.
A. in
B. since
C. for
D. at
16. She has come here______ yesterday.
A. in
B. since
C. for
D. on
17. This year the only award for the______student belong to him.
A. good
B. well
C. better
D. best
18. The restaurant has the ______ for serving some of the finest food.
A. repute
B. reputation
C. reputed
D. reputable
19. ______aspects of learning English do you find the most difficult?
A. What
B. Where
C. When
D. Why
20. We think that with our solidarity we can ______this difficulty.
A. overdo
B. overgo
C. overtake
D. overcome
Read the following passage and fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box. Do not use the same
word more than once.
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Every year many people in the world learn English. Some of them are young children. Others are
(1)____________. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others learn in (2)___________ classes. A few learn
English by themselves or just by hearing the (3)___________ on television or among their friends. Most people
must work (4)__________to learn English. Why do these people want to learn English? It isn't (5)__________
to answer that question. Young children learn English at school because it is one of their (6)___________.
Many adults learn English because it is (7)__________for their work. Teenagers often learn English for their
higher (8)____________ , because some of their books are in English at (9)____________ or university. Other
people learn English because they want to read (10)_____________ or magazines in English.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Định nghĩa Câu hỏi đuôi là một câu hỏi ngắn, đƣợc thêm vào cuối câu trần thuật, đứng
đằng sau dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ:
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Cách dùng Trong văn nói, ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi tùy thuộc vào cách diễn đạt.
- Nếu xuống giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi thì có nghĩa là không thật sự đặt câu hỏi,
chỉ muốn ngƣời nghe đồng ý với mình.
- Nếu lên giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi, thì đó là câu hỏi thực sự.
2. Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi tƣơng ứng với các mệnh đề trần thuật
Trƣờng hợp 1 Nếu câu trần thuật là câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể phủ định.
Hình thức phủ định thƣờng đƣợc rút gọn (not = n‟t)
Ví dụ:
- She is reading book, isn‟t she? (Cô ấy đang đọc sách, phải không?)
- Mr. Nam can speak English well, can‟t he? (Ông Nam có thể nói tiếng Anh
tốt, phải không?)
- They did the test yesterday, didn‟t they? (Họ đã làm bài kiểm tra vào hôm
qua phải không?)
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- Your sister can swim, can‟t she? (Chị gái của bạn biết bơi, phải không?)
Trƣờng hợp 2 Nếu câu trần thuật là câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định.
Ví dụ:
- Nga isn‟t a student, is she? (Nga không phải là học sinh, phải không?)
- I shouldn‟t smoke here, should I? (Tôi không nên hút thuốc ở đây, phải
không?)
- Her parents don‟t work in this company, do they? (Bố mẹ cô ấy không làm
việc ở công ty này, phải không?)
- They don‟t have to go to school, do they? (Họ không phải đi tới trƣờng
phải không?)
Chú ý Nếu trong câu trần thuật có trợ động từ hoặc động từ to be thì trợ động từ này đƣợc
lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
Nếu câu trần thuật không có trợ động từ, dùng trợ động từ tƣơng ứng với thì của
câu trần thuật nhƣ do/ dose/did, have/has…
Trƣờng hợp Câu hỏi đuôi của I am là aren‟t I- nhƣng nếu là I am nôt thì vẫn dùng am I?
đặc biệt Ví dụ: I am wrong, aren‟t I? (Tôi sai, phải không?)
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Câu trả lời đối Yes nếu đồng ý với câu trần thuật ở trên.
với dạng câu No nếu không đồng ý với ý kiến ở câu trần thuật.
hỏi đuôi
Ví dụ:
Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý câu trả lời Yes/No trong câu trả lời đối với câu hỏi phủ định.
Ví dụ:
You‟re not going out today, are you? (Hôm nay bạn không đi chơi phải không?)
No. (No, I am not going out) Không. (= Không, tôi không đi chơi)
Bƣớc 2: Xác định loại động từ có trong câu: động từ thƣờng, động từ khuyết thiếu hay động từ to be.
Bƣớc 3: Xác định mệnh đề chính là câu khẳng định hay phủ định.
Nếu mệnh đề chính là câu khẳng định câu hỏi đuôi là câu phủ định.
Nếu mệnh đề chính là câu phủ định câu hỏi đuôi là câu khẳng định.
Bƣớc 4: Thay đổi đại từ trong câu hỏi đuôi nếu cần.
Câu trần thuật phủ định, Câu trần thuật khẳng định,
câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định. câu hỏi đuôi phủ định.
You aren‟t a teacher, are you? You are a student, aren‟t you?
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They weren‟t late, were they? They were surprised, weren‟t they?
You don‟t speak French, do you? You speak English, don‟t you?
You haven‟t been here all week, have you? You have studied all week, haven‟t you?
You won‟t fail the exam, will you? You will pass the exam, won‟t you?
She can‟t drive a car, can she? She can speak two languages can‟t she?
Bài 6: Điền một chủ ngữ thích hợp vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu hỏi đuôi sau.
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Bài 8: Điền các câu hỏi đuôi cho sẵn vào chỗ trống sao cho hợp lý.
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5. I am right, ____________?
6. We often go fishing in the weekend, ____________?
7. They won‟t destroy this building, ____________?
8. Jim doesn‟t like collecting stamps, ____________?
9. Your grandmother is watering flowers, ____________?
10. She isn‟t your sister, ____________?
_________ 1. You can afford time to come to our party, can you?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Bài 11: Dựa vào những thông tin có trong bảng cho sẵn, sử dụng “more/less/fewer” để so sánh trƣờng
học của Jane và Peter.
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1. Building 5 4
4. Student club 6 9
Bài 12: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nghĩa không đổi so với câu thứ nhất, sử dụng
“more/less/fewer”.
0. There are more street lights on this road than that road.
There are fewer street lights on that road than this road.
1. There were fewer criminal cases in my country 3 years ago than now.
__________________________________________________________________
2. There are more wealthy people in big cities than in the countryside.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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4. The standards of living in the cities shows more improvement than in the rural areas.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Old factories produce more carbon dioxide emissions than modern factories.
__________________________________________________________________
6. There are less arable land in the city than in the countryside.
__________________________________________________________________
7. Are there more health centres in my city now than ten years ago?
__________________________________________________________________
8. People in developed countries spend more money on health care and education than in the
underdeveloped countries.
__________________________________________________________________
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Bài 14. Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, viết mệnh đề trần thuật và câu hỏi đuôi của nó.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Favela
“Favela” is the Portuguese word for “slum” in Brazil in one of the (1)__________ economically unequal
countries in the world. Favelas(2) __________ associated with extreme poverty. They earn much(3)
__________ money than other people. Residents of favelas are often discriminated (4) __________ they live
in these communities. They have (5) __________ chance of experiencing inequality and exploitation than the
upper classes. Moreover, the cocaine trade has affected Bazil and (6)v favelas. A favela can (7) __________
ruled by a drug lord. The Brazil government has made attempt to improve the living (8) __________ of slums‟
redidents in 20th century.
Bài 16: Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi dƣới đây.
Over the years, overpopulation has posed major threat to our fragile environment. Its effects are quite
severe. One of the most obvious consequences is that natural resources will soon be used up. As the human
population continues to explode, fininnte natural resources, such as fossil fuels, fresh and frontier forests
continue to plummer. If the number of people continues to rise uncontrollably, the available resources won‟t
not meet the demand of people.
Moreover, because of the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, human has caused some serious pollution.
The huge number of vehicles and factories have polluted the air, land and even water. Rise in amount of carbon
dioxide emissions contributes to global warming. That causes the polar ice caps to melt and change climate
patterns.
If there is a polutation explosion in one area, the whole ecosystem will be affected. With the population
expansion, such activities as agriculture and land development will make natural habitats shrink. For example,
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rainforests used to cover 14% of the entire earth‟s surface. Today, rainforest-covered land in the next four
decades.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
PRACTISE UNIT 5
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Bicycles ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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1. Cấu trúc tính từ đi cùng với động từ nguyên thể có „to‟ (Adjective + to – infinitive)
Cấu trúc 1
Cấu trúc tính từ + động từ nguyên thể có to có ý nghĩa “thật là thế nào để làm gì”
Cách dùng
hoặc “thật nhƣ thế nào để ai đó làm gì”, dùng để nhấn mạnh thông tin
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It is boring to go to the meeting. (Đi đến buổi họp thì thật là nhàm chán)
It was dangerous for Harry to drive fast. (Thật là nguy hiểm khi Harry lái xe nhanh)
It‟s interesting to talk to you. (Nói chuyện với bạn thật là thú vị)
It‟s difficult to learn Japanese. (Học tiếng Nhật thì rất khó)
Cấu trúc 2
Cấu trúc tính từ + động từ nguyên thể có to còn đƣợc dùng để diễn tả phản ứng, cảm
Cách dùng
xúc, sự tự tin hay sự lo lắng.
2. Cấu trúc tính từ đi cùng với mệnh đề danh từ (Adjective + that – clause)
Cấu trúc tính từ + mệnh đề danh từ đƣợc dùng để diễn tả cảm xúc, sự tin tƣởng hay
Cách dùng
sự lo lắng…..
Mệnh đề danh từ đƣợc cấu tạo bởi „that + mệnh đề‟
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Chỉ cảm xúc: Happy (vui), glad (vui), delighted (vui mừng), pleased (hài lòng),
Các tính từ relieved (nhẹ nhõm), sorry (tiếc), surprising (ngạc nhiên…)
thông dụng Chỉ sự tin tƣởng hay lo lắng: certain (chắc chắn), sure (chắc chắn), confident (tự tin),
convinced (tin chắc), afraid (sợ), annoyed (hơi giận), astonished (ngạc nhiên), aware
(nhận biết, nhận thấy), conscious (tỉnh, có ý thức, biết đƣợc)…
I am delighted that you passed your exam (Tôi rất vui vì anh đã vượt qua kì thi)
Ví dụ It was quite surprising that he passed the examination. (Thật đáng ngạc nhiên là anh
ấy đã thi đậu)
I am afraid that I can‟t accept this assignment. (Tôi e rằng tôi không thể nhận nhiệm
vụ này)
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Bài 6: Gạch chân lỗi sai trong câu và sửa lại cho đúng.
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____________________________________________________________________________
6. It‟s / week / Jim / next / will / hard / house / his / to / move / believe / that.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. dangerous / play / It‟s / for / to / children / knife / with.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. sure / he / my / stolen / I / that / am / has / bike.
____________________________________________________________________________
Bài 8: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
Bài 10: Dựa vào những từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh
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____________________________________________________________________________
7. Peter / disappointed / know / his / final scores.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. It / difficult / me / accept / the fact / that / I / not / get / that / job.
____________________________________________________________________________
It is not difficult (1)_________ to imagine how life used to be in the past. My grandfather
(2)_________ keen on telling me about people and things of his generation before he (3)_________
away. According to what he said, life in the Vietnamese traditional village was very peaceful,
(4)_________ it was exciting. People often lived very closely to others and they formed a neat society.
Although there weren‟t any convenient means of communication such as telephone or email, people
still kept in touch and interacted with each other. They were very happy (5)_________ their stories
with their family and neighbors. Sometimes, they even (6)_________ their neighbors as relatives and
always supported others. It was very common in those days (7)_________ villages to gather up in the
communal house to watch TV or listen to radio together because there was often only one or two TV in
a small village. My grandfather said that he preferred life in the past (8)_________ the modern life
since people were friendlier and more caring.
Bài 12: Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi.
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Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it
is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge
market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products
have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division
of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market
was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing “Melinar”, the raw material from which
high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started
selling their drinks in giant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these
large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since
the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic
become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less
noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to
object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly
and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI‟s commercial
department are developing different bottles with interesting shapes to try to make them visually more
attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here
is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
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I. From each number, pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from
the others.
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II. From each number, pick out one word which has the stress on the first syllable.
III. Choose the word or the phrase or sentence that best completes each unfinished sentence
below or that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined
word or phrase.
1. _________ air is one of the many problems we have to solve.
A. Pure
B. Polluted
C. Dust
D. Pleasant
2. I‟ll be in trouble if I _________my passport.
A. lose
B. will lose
C. lost
D. would lose
3. We can eat at home or, ________ you prefer, we can go to a restaurant.
A. when
B. whether
C. if
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D. which
4. If it is raining this evening, I_________.
A. will go out
B. don‟t go out
C. go out
D. won‟t go out
5. Minh‟s English is excellent. He speaks________.
A. perfectly English
B. English perfectly
C. perfect English
D. English perfect
6. I‟m disappointed _________ people have spoiled this area.
A that
B. when
C. if
D. how
7. He ________ to find a job but he had no luck.
A. hardly tried
B. hard tried
C. tried hardly
D. tried hard
8. We couldn‟t go on a picnic as planned __________ it was raining.
A. however
B. but
C. because
D. so
9. If he ________ hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A. works
B. will work
C. worked
D. would work
10. ________we were tired, we sat down beside the stream.
A. Because of
B. If
C. As
D. And
11. He _________to find a job, but he had no luck.
A. tried hard
B. hardly tried
C. tried hardly
D. try hardly
12. Solar energy doesn‟t cause __________.
A. pollution
B. polluted
C. pollute
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D. pollutant
13. Are you lookingh forward ___________ my letter?
A. to see
B. to seeing
C. saw
D. seeing
14. "___________” means a piece of land full of rubbish.
A. junkyard
B. treasure
C. hedge
D. stream
15. Dynamite _________ many years ago.
A. has invented
B. invented
C. was invented
D. were invented
16. Mary said to me "can you speak English?”
In reported speech the sentence will be:
She asked me _________
A. if I can speak English
B. if I could speak English.
C. If can I speak English
D. If I could speak English?
17. I live very far from school. I wish________
A. I lived far from school.
B. I lived close to school.
C. I live near the school now.
D. I don‟t live very far from school
18. If he __________ hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A. works
B. will work
C. worked
D. would worked
19. Because there _________ no buses, we had to take a taxi.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
20. We plan to ________ this Saturday.
A. go hiked
B. go hiking
C. go to hike
D. go hike
21. I‟ll have to buy a map _________ I don‟t know this area.
A. if
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B. because
C. when
D. because of
22. It is recommended that he __________ this course.
A. took
B. take
C. take
D. taking
23. He‟s running so fast. I __________ catch up with him.
A. cannot hardly
B. can hardly
C. not hardly
D. could hardly
24. It is important that he _________ take the final examination.
A. has to
B. have to
C. had to
D. having to
25. I will be __________if she manages to sell that motorbike at a high price.
A. surprised
B. surprise
C. surprising .
D. to surprise
26. Unless you understand. I __________ explain it again to you
A. am
B. was
C. will.
D. would
27. If you know where she lives, please let me__________
A. know
B. knew
C. known
D. to know'
28. If he ______ a student, he will get a discount.
A. were
B. was
C. were
D. will be
29. ______ you are interested in this film, don't go to see it at any cost.
A. Unless
B. If
C. Because
D. So
30. If you like that book. l will give it______you as my present.
A. to
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B. from
C. at
D. for
31. If you are busy, we ________ this by ourselves.
A. will do
B. did
C. would do
D. doing
32. How about ______ dinner with us on Sunday?
A. to have
B. have
C. have had
D. having
33. My brother is very fond of ______ to pop and rock music.
A. listen
B. to listen
C. listening
D. listens
34. Life today is very different ______ life 50 years ago.
A. to
B. from
C. with
D. at
35. My uncle is a ______. He often does research in his laboratory.
A. science
B. scientist
C. scientific
D. scientists
36. My father arrives in Singapore ______Monday evening.
A. in
B. at
C. from
D. on
37. John goes to his office every day except Sunday. ______ Sundays he stays at home.
A. On
B. At
C. In
D. From
38. I hope the weather will be nice ______ the weekend.
A. in
B. to
C. at
D. between
39. Would you like ______ to a party on Saturday?
A. come
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B. coming
C. to come
D. will come
40. Helen is always in the kitchen. She enjoys ______.
A. cook
B. to cook
C. cooks
D. cooking
41. People wanted to see the opening of the ceremony, _____they started leaving very early in the morning
A. because
B. so
C. but
D. and
42. Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing ______ work.
A. at
B. in
C. to
D. with
43. He ______ with friends in an apartment in HCMC since last week.
A. living
B. has lived
C. lived
D. live
44. My mother said she ______ busy then
A. was
B. is
C. is being
D. being
45. My village lies near the ______ of the mountain and by the river.
A. leg
B. foot
C. feet
D. legs
46. If you don‟t study hard , you ______ the exam.
A. failed
B. will fail
C. fail
D. have failed
47. It is Saturday , ______?
A. is it
B. it isn‟t
C. isn‟t it
D. wasn‟t it
48. She said that she ______ learning English with you.
A. like
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B. liked
C. liking
D. to like
49. They ______ their home village last Sunday.
A. visit
B. visited
C. was visiting
D. were visiting
50. He was born ______ March 25 , 1992.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. for
IV. Match a line in column A with a line in column B to make a meaningful
A B
1. If people use public transport, a. I can‟t sleep.
2. You‟ll learn English more easily b. will you give her flowers?
3. If they don‟t give him the job, c. if he does exercise regularly.
4. If I drink coffee at night, d. I don‟t know what he will do.
5. You will speak English well e. there will be less pollution
6. If you see her f. if someone enters the building.
7. The alarm goes off g. if you have more practice.
8. Henry may lose weight h. if you study a little every day.
V. Complete the sentences with because/ as/ since/ if/ when, or so.
1. We decided to go out to eat _______ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job _______ he is particularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book _______ you‟ve finished it?
4. No one was watching the television _______ I switched it off.
5. _______ she changed a lot, we didn‟t recognize her.
6. _______ you‟ve ready, we can start now.
7. I‟m going away for a few days, I‟ll phone you _______ I get back.
8. You should inform the police _______ your bicycle is stolen.
9. Mathew went to bed _______ it was too late to go out.
10. _______ you drive without driving license, you‟re breaking the law.
11. ________the weather was bad, they delayed their trip.
12. He will buy a new car _______ he saves up.
13. I can‟t drive fast _______ the street is very crowded.
Key: 1. because; 2. so; 3. if; 4. so; 5. As/ since; 6. if;
7. when; 8. when/ if; 9. because/ as; 10. when 11. because/ since/ as; 12. because/ since
VI. Fill in the blanks with proper words, then answer the following questions.
scientists/ pollution/ serious/ factories
exhaust/ reduce/ require/ percentage
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Everyone wants to reduce (1) _______. But the pollution problem is as complicated as it is (2) _______. It is
complicated because much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example, (3) _______ from
automobile caused large (4) _______ of air pollution. But the automobile provides transportation to millions of
people. (5) _______ discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories give employment
to a large number of people.
Thus, to end or greatly (6) _______ pollutions immediately, people would have to stop using many things that
benefit them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be gradually reduces in several
ways, (7) _______ and engineers can work to find ways t lessen the amount of pollution that such things as
automobiles and factories cause. Government can pass and enforce laws that (8) _______ businesses and
individuals to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.
EXERCISE 1
Make sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng những từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. I/ glad/ you/ feeling/ better.
2. We/ surprised/ that/ find/ had/ left/ already/ he.
3. I/ anxious./ he/ shouldn‟t/ find out.
4. It/ obvious/ they/ happy together.
5. It/ funny/ her mother/ should/ do/ a thing like that.
EXERCISE 2
Make sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng những từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. I/ certain/ you/ enjoyed/ the fish.
2. We/ worried/ there/ no life guards/ duty.
3. Juliette/ sure/ she/ could/ identify/ her/ attacker.
4. It/ essential/ they/ should/ told/ immediately.
5. The organizers/ sorry/ nothing/ should/ go wrong.
EXECISE 3
Make sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng những từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. We/ determined/ our experiment is wrong.
2. I/ confident/ my new plan will soon/ accepted.
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EXERCISE 4
Make these sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. His son/ annoyed/ his bike is out of order.
2. People/ afraid/ the next flight/ will/ cancelled.
3. I/ delighted/ I/ afford/ build/ new villa.
4. We/ proud/ everyone/ now/ watch good programmes/ every night.
5. They/ eager/ they/ afford/ buy/ new flat.
EXERCISE 5
Make the sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng từ cho
sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. It/ good/ computer is now/ used/ teach large classes.
2. It/ true/ some cities/ more/ one broadcast station.
3. It/ terrible/ drug/ being invaded everywhere.
4. It/ shocked/ me/ Peter/ not tell/ anybody/ where/ he/ be.
5. It conscious/ many poor people/ be homeless.
EXERCISE 6
Make sentences using the words given. Using that - clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng những từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. it/ interesting/ you should like them.
2. It/ important/ she comes straight/ me/ when she arrives.
3. It/ probable/ we‟ll be/ little later.
4. It/ really astonishing/ she refused to discuss the affair with him.
5. It/ true/ she/ be to France twice.
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EXERCISE 7
Make sentences using the words given. Using that- clause. Thành lập câu bằng cách sử dụng những từ
cho sẵn. Sử dụng that - clause.
1. It/ seems/ obvious/ we can‟t go/ like this.
2. It/ interesting/ you should do again.
3. It/ nice/ we met together/ the night club.
4. It/ worried/ she didn‟t send it to me.
5. It/ difficult/everyone doesn‟t understand his explanation.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
TIẾT KIỆM NĂNG LƢỢNG
VOCABULARY
- energy /ˈenədʒi/ (n): năng lƣợng
- bill /bɪl/ (n): hóa đơn
- enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/(a): quá nhiều, to lớn
- reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/(v): giảm
+ reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ (n): sự giảm lại
- plumber /ˈplʌmə(r)/ (n): thợ sửa ống nƣớc
- crack /kræk/ (n): đƣờng nứt
- pipe/paɪp/ (n): đƣờng ống (nƣớc)
- bath /bɑːθ/ (n): bồn tắm
- faucet /ˈfɔːsɪt/ (n) = tap: vòi nƣớc
- drip/drɪp/ (v): chảy thành giọt
- right away = immediately: (adv) ngay lập tức
- folk /fəʊk/ (n): ngƣời
- explanation /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/(n): lời giải thích
- bubble /ˈbʌbl/ (n): bong bóng
- valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ (a): quí giá
- keep on = go on = continue: tiếp tục
- minimize /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/ (v): giảm đến tối thiểu
- complain to s.o /kəmˈpleɪn/ (v): than phiền, phàn nàn
- complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ (a): phức tạp
+ complication /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): sự phức tạp
- resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ (n): cách giải quyết
- politeness /pəˈlaɪtnəs/(n): sự lịch sự
- label /ˈleɪbl/ (v): dán nhãn
- transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/(v): vận chuyển
- clear up: dọn sạch
- truck /trʌk/ (n): xe tải
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