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De Cuong On QTKD
De Cuong On QTKD
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Kinh tế quốc tế quốc gia)
8. A market is an arrangement by which buyers and sellers of a
Thị trường commodity interact to determine its price and quantity.
Là 1 sự sắp xếp mà người mua và người bán hầng hóa
tương tác để xác định giá và số lượng của nó.
9. A factor of production is an input into the productive process one of the classical
Nhân tố của sản xuất triad of land, labor and capital
là đầu vào của quá trình sản xuất 1 trong 3 yếu tố: đất, lao
động, vốn
10. Digital marketing is the promotion of products or brands via electronic
Tiếp thị kỹ thuật số media.
Là chiến dịch quảng bá sản phẩm hoặc quảng bá thương hiệu
qua phương tiện truyền thông
11. The role of operations is to design plan direct and improve all the activities
management improved in producing goods and services
Vai trò của quản lí là thiết kế kế hoạch trực tiếp và cải thiện tất cả các hoạt
hoạt động sản xuất động trong sản xuất hàng hóa và dịch vụ.
12. Shares - Equal parts into which the capital ownership of a
Cổ phiếu company is divided.
Là các phần bằng nhau mà quyền sở hữu vốn của công ty
được chia.
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Dự báo Mô tả những gì có khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai
17. Debt - Money owed by one person or organization to another
Nợ person or organization
Số tiền 1 người hoặc tổ chức nợ 1 người hoặc tổ chức khác
18. Investment is money which people or organizations put into a business
Đầu tư to make a profit.
Là số tiền mà mọi người hoặc tổ chức bỏ vào doanh nghiệp
để kiểm lợi nhuận
19. Profit margin is the difference between the price of a product or service
Tỷ suất lợi nhuận and the cost of producing it.
Là sự khác nhau giữa giá của sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ với
chi phí sản xuất nó.
20. Bankruptcy is when a person or organization is unable to pay their
Phá sản debts
là khi một người hoặc tổ chức không có khả năng thanh
toán nợ của họ
21. A dividend is a part of a company’s profits paid to the owners of shares
Cổ tức là một phần lợi nhuận của công ty trả cho người chủ sở hữu
cổ phần.
22. Pre-tax profits are The money a business makes before payment to the
Lợi nhuận trước thuế Government
là số tiền doanh nghiệp kiếm được trước khi nộp cho chính
phủ.
23. Annual turnover is the amount of money which a business obtains in a year
Doanh thu hàng năm from customers by selling goods or services
là số tiền mà doanh nghiệp thu được trong một năm từ
khách hàng do bán hàng hóa và dịch vụ
24. Capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by
Cấu trúc vốn using different sources of funds.
Là cách một công ty tài trợ cho các hoạt động và tăng
trưởng tổng thể của mình bằng cách sử dụng các nguồn vốn
khác nhau
25. Current asset is an item on an entity's balance sheet that is either cash, a
Tài sản lưu động cash equivalent, or which can be converted into cash within
one year.
Là một mục trên bảng cân đối kế toán của một thực thể
hoặc là tiền mặt, tương đương tiền, hoặc có thể chuyển đôi
tiền mặt trong vòng một năm
26. Human resource is the function within an organization that focuses on the
management (HRM) recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for
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Quản lí nguồn nhân the people who work in an organization.
lực( HRM) Là một chức năng trong một tổ chức tập trung vào việc
tuyển dụng, quản lí và đưa ra định hướng cho những người
làm việc một trong tổ chức
II. Choose ONE suitable word in the box to fill in the blank. (5 câu - Chapter 1 – Basic
knowledge of economics) – 5đ
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11. Manchester 'could be __0verstocked __ with new flats' .
12. ___ productive process ___ is an economic term that describes the inputs
that are used in the production of goods or services in order to make
an economic profit.
13. In terms of economics, the forces of supply and demand determine our
everyday lives as they set the prices of the goods and services we purchase
daily. These illustrations and examples will help you understand how the
prices of products are determined via market __ Equilibrium __ .
14. The term ____________ is another term for economic agent, an actor and
more specifically a decision maker in a model of some aspect of the
economy
15. A __ Quantity __ is an amount that you can measure or count.
16. In economics, the __ Market machanism __is a mechanism by which the
use of money exchanged by buyers and sellers with an open and understood
system of value and time trade-offs in a market tends to optimize
distribution of goods and services in at least some ways.
17. Many HR departments are responsible for organization development that
generates the …… culture …… of the organization.
18. HRM functions are also performed by line managers who are directly
responsible for the engagement, … contribution, and productivity of their
reporting staff members.
19. Organizations also perform HRM functions and tasks by outsourcing
various …… components … to outside suppliers and vendors.
20. HRM is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people
and the …… workplace …… culture and environment.
21. An employee who retired from HRM twenty years ago would not recognize
the competence and …… capability …… of the best HRM organizations
today.
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are if the price of car go up what happens to consumer (2) … demand ? If
income levels of people increase whole demand for meat change, so
microeconomics deals with the (3) individual. parts of the economy when
you hear microeconomics things small.
23. Operations management refers to the … administration … of business
practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an
organization.
24. Operations managers acquire, develop and deliver goods to clients based on
client wants and the … abilities.. of the company.
25. Operations management handles various … strategic issues …. including
determining the size of manufacturing plan and project
management methods, and implementing the structure of information
technology networks.
26. Operations management approaches the acquisition of materials and use of
labor in a timely, … cost-effective …. manner to deliver customer
expectations.
27. Operations management is responsible for finding vendors that supply the
appropriate goods at … reasonable prices …. and have the ability to
deliver the product when needed.
28. Operations management also typically follows up with customers to ensure
the products meet … quality.. and functionality needs.
29. Operations management takes the … feedback ….. received and distributes
the relevant information to each department to use in process improvement.
30. Operations managers are involved in … coordinating … and developing
new processes while reevaluating current structures.
III. True/False Reading passage (5 câu – True/False – Chapter 2/ Chapter 3/ Chapter 4)_
Reading Passage
Human resource management is an essential part of the businesses strategic
plans for success. An HR manager has a wide variety of responsibilities. A key
part of human resource management is to develop and maintain a workforce
that is both productive and happy. This may also mean training new staff and
even working with current staff to help them achieve career growth which in
turn helps the company meet its goals. An HR manager will also be involved
in planning for a company’s future and adding to the company’s competitive
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advantage. Reward systems are also the responsibility of a human resource
department including employee compensation, incentives and benefit packages,
and of course an HR manager has to be able to effectively address conflict that
may arise between co-workers. In addition to these tasks, the responsibilities of
human resources also include worker protection, health and safety of employee
and forcing employee rights developing the organizational (10) culture.
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Functions of Financial Management
Estimation of capital requirements: A finance manager has to make estimation
with regards to capital requirements of the company. This will depend upon expected
costs and profits and future programmes and policies of a concern.
Determination of capital composition: Once the estimation have been made, the
capital structure have to be decided. This involves short- term and long- term debt equity
analysis.
Choice of sources of funds: For additional funds to be procured, a company has
many choices like-Issue of shares and debentures. Loans to be taken from banks and
financial institutions. Public deposits to be drawn like in form of bonds.
Investment of funds: The finance manager has to decide to allocate funds into
profitable ventures so that there is safety on investment and regular returns is possible.
Disposal of surplus: The net profits decision have to be made by the finance
manager. This can be done in two ways: Dividend declaration - It includes identifying the
rate of dividends and other benefits like bonus. Retained profits - The volume has to be
decided which will depend upon expansion, innovational, diversification plans of the
company.
Management of cash: Finance manager has to make decisions with regards to
cash management. Cash is required for many purposes like payment of wages and
salaries, payment of electricity and water bills, payment to creditors, meeting current
liabilities, maintenance of enough stock, purchase of raw materials, etc.
Financial controls: The finance manager has not only to plan, procure and utilize
the funds but he also has to exercise control over finances. This can be done through
many techniques like ratio analysis, financial forecasting, cost and profit.
LABOR
In addition to being a means of exchange, money is also a mean of measuring the value
of men’s labor. Labor, in economic theory, is any work undertaken in return for a fix payment. A
mother may work very hard in carrying for her children, but she receives which people render to
each other. Although aware of the services which people provide for nothing, they are not
concerned with such service.
In economics, money is the standard by which the value of thing is judged. This standard
is not religious or subjective standard but an objective and scientific one.
Human’s labor produces both goods and services. The activity of farm worker and a
nurse are very different, but both are measurable in term of payment received. Labor in this sense
isn’t concerned with distinctions of social class, but simply with the payment of wages in return
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for work. When we talk about “The national labor force”, however, we are talking of all those
people who are available for work within the national, i.e. the working population.
It should be noted that any person engaged in private business is not paid a fixed sum for
his activities. He is self-employed and his activities are partly those of an employer and partly
those of an employee. If, however, he employs an assistant to whom he pays a fixed wage, his
new employee provides labor in return for payment. This employee receives his wage, while his
employer receives the surplus from the whole business. This surplus is the reward of private
enterprise and is known as “profit”.
CAPITAL
Labor is any work performed for an employer at a negotiated rate while profit is the
surplus which accumulates as a result of productive work. The employer obtains this surplus
after he pays the necessary expenses of his business and wages of his employees. He may be
required to share the surplus with others who have provided the capital with which he started his
business.
Most businesses need capital in order to start productive work, and the capital pays for
accommodation, machinery and other items which the business needs. There is always an
element of risk in providing capital and starting a business. The business may not be successful.
The employees of business do not bear this risk, but the employers and the providers of capital
do bear it. If the business is successful, the risk has been justified and the invested capital earns
part of the profits as a return on the investment.
The capital which people provide to help new businesses is an accumulation of previous
surpluses on previous business activities. In this way the past is used to finance the future.
Such capital is accumulated by a deliberate policy of saving surpluses. This policy may be
personal and individual, or it may be public and collective. As such, it is common to both the
capitalistic and communistic systems. In both systems, a certain part of the profits is” plough
back” into the system in order to create capital.
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In a market system, everything has a price – each good and each service. Even the
different kinds of human labor have prices, that is, wage rates. We receive income for
what we sell, and we use this income to buy what we want.
In addition, prices provide important signals to market participants. If consumers
want more of any good, for example, rice, a lot of new orders for it will be placed. As
buyers scramble around to buy more rice, the sellers will raise the price of rice to ration
out a limited supply and the higher price will encourage greater price production.
On the other hand, what will happen if a good such as cars becomes
overstocked at the going market price? Sellers will lower car prices in their rush to
unload unwanted models. At the lower price, more consumers will want cars, and the
producers will want to produce fewer cars, as a result, a balance (or equilibrium) between
buyers and sellers will be restored.
What is true of the markets for consumer goods is also true of markets for
factors of production. Remember that a factor of production is an input into the
productive process one of the classical triad of land, labor and capital. If computer
programmers, rather than typists are needed, job opportunities will be more favorable in
the computing field. The price of computer programmers (their hourly wages) will tend to
rise, and that typists will tend to fall. The shift in relative wages will cause a shift of
workers into the growing occupation.
V. Translate into Vietnamese (5 câu - Chapter 2/ Chapter 3/ Chapter 4)_Theo chuyên
ngành KT/TCNH/QTKD – 5đ
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electronic media. Tiếp thị kỹ thuật số là chiến dịch quảng bá sản
phẩm hoặc quảng bá thương hiệu sử dụng điện tử truyền
thông.
12. The role of The role of operations management is to design plan direct and
operations improve all the activities improved in producing goods and
management services. Vai trò của quản lý hoạt động sản xuất là thiết kế kế
hoạch trực tiếp và cải thiện tất cả các hoạt động trong sản xuất
hàng hóa và dịch vụ.
19. Investment Investment is money which people or organizations put into a
business to make a profit. Đầu tư là tiền mà mọi người hoặc tổ
chức đưa vào kinh doanh để tạo ra lợi nhuận.
20. Profit margin Profit margin is the difference between the price of a product or
service and the cost of producing it. Lãi ròng là chênh lệch giữa
giá của sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ với chi phí sản xuất sản phẩm
và dịch vụ đó.
The two main types of macroeconomic policies are fiscal and monetary
policies. The two policies are interrelated
Hai loại chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô chính là chính sách tài khóa
và tiền tệ. Hai chính sách liên quan đến nhau.
21. Bankruptcy is when a person or organization is unable to pay their debts
là khi một người hoặc tổ chức không có khả năng thanh toán
các khoản nợ của họ.
22 Human resource management (HRM) is the function within an
organization that focuses on the recruitment of, management of, and
providing direction for the people who work in an organization.
Quản lý nguồn nhân lực (HRM) là chức năng trong một tổ
chức tập trung vào việc tuyển dụng, quản lý và cung cấp hướng
cho những người làm việc trong một tổ chức.
23 Government deficits must be brought down with cuts in spending, or
through higher taxes. Thâm hụt của chính phủ phải được giảm xuống
thing qua việc cắt giảm chi tiêu, hoặc thông qua việc tăng các loại
thuế.
24 Government deficits must be brought down with cuts in spending, or
through higher taxes. If spending cuts are not made, government
eventually have to print money to finance their deficit, making inflation
unavoidable. Thâm hụt của chính phủ phải được đưa xuống với cắt
giảm chi tiêu, hoặc thông qua các loại thuế cao hơn. Nếu cắt giảm
chi tiêu không được thực hiện, chính phủ cuối cùng phải in tiền để
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tài trợ thâm hụt của họ, làm cho lạm phát không thể tránh khỏi.
25 The two main types of macroeconomic policies are fiscal and monetary
policies. The two policies are interrelated. Hai loại chính sách kinh tế
vĩ mô chính là chính sách tài khóa và tiền tệ. Hai chính sách liên
quan nhau.
26 Fiscal policy is carried out by the Ministry of Finance and can be
divided into two parts: government expenditures and taxation. These
two parts determine whether the government has deficit or surplus in
its budget. Chính sách tài khóa được thực hiện bởi Bộ Tài chính
và có thể được chia thành hai phần: chi tiêu chính phủ và thuế.
Hai phần này quyết định liệu chính phủ có thâm hụt hay thặng
dư ngân sách hay không.
27. Pre-tax profits areThe money a business makes before payment to the
Government. Lợi nhuận trước thuế là số tiền mà một doanh
nghiệp thực hiện trước khi thanh toán cho Chính phủ
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