9

Draft Foundation Plans

Learner’s Module in Technology
and Livelihood Education ICT-
Technical Drafting 9
Second Quarter • Module 1

ARIEL L. MAYOCYOC
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME: _________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ____________

TEACHER: _____________________ SCORE: ________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must
be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

i
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to help Grade 9 students improve their performance
Technology and Home Economics specifically in ICT-Technical Drafting.

Date of Development October 2020

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area TLE
Grade Level 9
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q2/W1
Learning Competency Code TLE_ICTTD9-12SL-IIIa-b-1
Learning Competency Draft foundation plans

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without them.

The developer would like to thank his colleagues in Pines City National High
School, particularly to the TLE teachers, for sharing their knowledge and expertise in
the development of this learning resource. The developer would like to thank also the
office of DepEd Division of Baguio City for giving the opportunity to teachers to
discover their skills as module writers.

Development Team
Developer Ariel L. Mayocyoc
Layout Artist Ariel L. Mayocyoc
Illustrator Ariel L. Mayocyoc

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Whitney A. Dawayen Principal III
Paul F. Colingan Head Teacher VI- TLE
Geraldine D. Sumipit School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Mary Jane N. Malihod EPS – EPP/TLE/TVL
Lourdes B. Lomas-e, Ed.D. PSDS – District 6

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER BENIGNO
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

Copyright Notice...............................................................................................................................................i
Preface.................................................................................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................................................iii
Table Of Contents.........................................................................................................................................iv
What I Need To Know..................................................................................................................................2
Specific Objectives:..................................................................................................................................2
What I Know.....................................................................................................................................................3
Pre-Test..........................................................................................................................................................3
What’s In.............................................................................................................................................................5
Activity 1: Match Me.................................................................................................................................5
What’s New.......................................................................................................................................................6
What Is It............................................................................................................................................................6
What’s More...................................................................................................................................................15
Activity 2: Grouping................................................................................................................................15
What I Have Learned.................................................................................................................................16
Activity 3. True Of False......................................................................................................................16
What I Can Do...............................................................................................................................................17
Drawing Activity.......................................................................................................................................17
Assessment....................................................................................................................................................21
Post-Test.....................................................................................................................................................21
Additional Activities.....................................................................................................................................23
Answer Key.....................................................................................................................................................24
References......................................................................................................................................................25

iv
Draft Foundation Plans
Learner’s Module in Technology
and Livelihood Education ICT-
Technical Drafting 9
Second Quarter • Module 1

ARIEL L. MAYOCYOC
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the basic of drafting foundation plans. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course.

The lessons in this module is designed in a way that student may recognize
the most appropriate design, proper locations in doing such foundation plans (wall
footing and columns) and to be familiar to the different materials needed in making a
concrete house or building foundations.

This module is divided into the following parts, namely:

- What I Need to Know - What’s More

- What I Know - What I Have Learned
- What’s In - What I can do
- What’s New - Assessment
- What is It - Additional Activities

Below are the specific objectives of this module.

Specific objectives:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define foundation;
2. explain what is laying out and staking;
3. differentiate excavation from backfilling;
4. determine the different types of foundation;
5. identify the foundation members and the kinds of footings;
6. draw foundation plans.

2
 What I Know

Let’s see how much you already know about drafting foundation plans. Please
answer the pre-test below.

Pre-test
Direction. Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write only the letter of
your chosen answer on the space provided before the number.

_____ 1. Its function is to provide a level and uniformly distributet support for the
house or building.
a. columns b. walls c. foundation d. roof

_____ 2. It is solely based on site investigation and the result of determining the soil
surface and soil condition.
a. foundation design c. foundation size
b. foundation depth d. foundation materials

_____ 3. It is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on

the ground.
a. laying out c. clearing operation
b. laying out and staking d. staking

_____ 4. These are wooden sticks or posts driven to the ground.

a. stake b. batter board c. level transit d. cord

_____ 5. This is a transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of
horizontal lines.
a. stake b. cord c. level transit d. plastic water hose

_____ 6. This is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools,
equipment or explosives before building foundations are created/place.
a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging

_____ 7. The filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out.
a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging

_____ 8. Includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent,
or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters.
a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation
b. backfilling d. cementing

3
_____ 9. This requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. It is applied for
large building projects.
a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation
b. backfilling d. cementing

_____ 10. It includes all foundation types where the load is distributed into the soil by
slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles.
a. spread foundation c. slab foundation
b. pier foundation d. T-foundation

_____ 11. It is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings
placed where extra support is needed.
a. spread foundation c. slab foundation
b. pier foundation d. T-foundation

_____ 12. This is the portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes
the weight of a building over large area.
a. piers b. columns c. foundation walls d. footing

_____ 13. Which carries the load of the building resting on the foundation?
a. walls b. columns c. footings and columns d. footing

_____ 14. It is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of
the wall.
a. continuous footing c. cantilever footing
b. isolated footing d. wall footing

_____ 15. A kind of footing that supports two column loads or sometimes three
column loads not in a row.
a. continuous footing c. raft or mat footing
b. isolated footing d. combined footing

4
 What’s In

Recall what you have learned from your first quarter lessons on drafting
architectural layout and details by accomplishing the activity below.

Activity 1: Match me
Direction. Match the kinds of architectural drawings in column A with their
descriptions in column B by connecting the dots using straight lines.

A B
It is an orthographic projection
drawing that shows the finished
1. site
development plan • • appearance of a given side of the
house and furnish vertical height
dimensions

•
•
It is a drawing that shows the
2. floor plan items located on the ceiling.

. It depicts the general layout and

configuration of the area, including
3. roof plan
• • building footprints, parking and
street layout, and conceptual
landscaping and lighting.

It illustrates the location of walls,

windows, doors, and stairs, as well
4. ceiling plan
• • as fixed installations such as
bathroom fixtures, kitchen
cabinetry, and appliances.
It show the dimensions of the
entire roof structure, including

5. elevation plan
• • shape, size, design and placement
of all materials, ventilation,
drainage, slopes, valleys and
more.

5
 What’s New

It is said that every structure needs a foundation. But what is the function of
the foundation? The function of a foundation is to provide a level and uniformly
distribute support for the structure. The foundation must be strong enough to support
and distribute the load of the structure.

The basic principles of constructing building foundation are the same,

regardless of the situation. The methods and materials used in constructing
foundation vary greatly in different parts of the country and are continually changing.

In addition, the structural members of the foundation vary according to the

design and size of the foundation. The knowledge brought about by the science of
soil mechanics confirms that rock beds are the most stable medium for foundations.
Practically, the soil where the building stands, serves as the foundation, although it is
weaker than any other construction material. To be able to carry satisfactorily the
load of the building, the steel and other materials used, as foundation is needed to
transmit these loads to the soil.

What is It

Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which is
sometimes called the substructure. Footing is an expansion at the lower end of a
wall, pier or column to distribute the load into the ground.

Design of Foundation

The design of a foundation is solely based on site investigation. It is the result

of determining the soil surface and the condition of the soil. The topography of the
surface has to be considered prior to construction, as this might affect the
construction investigation.

A site with a uniform condition is less likely to require extensive investigation

as a site for big projects. Drilling is the most suitable way of determining soil
condition. Sample of soil extracted from the site is examined as to its consistency
and relative density. The area bored or drilled is called test pits. There are varied
kinds of boring methods and equipment as there are varied methods of soil testing.

6
The National Building Code requires a sole bearing capacity of the soil at 2ft. per ton
or less than twice the maximum bearing capacity desired for use.

To transmit the building load to the soil is the purpose of a foundation, without
overloading or over stressing the soil. A structural foundation performs properly if the
soil also behaves properly. For the building to last, its foundation should be designed
for the worst times.

Laying-Out and Staking

The process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the

ground is known to be laying-out and staking. Prior to construction this process is
done which includes demolition (of structures within the area), clearing and
establishing building measurement on the ground. Before a foundation for a
construction begins, the perimeter of the house or building should be laid out on the
ground.

Laying-out and Staking. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado
C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting
Technology. Marikina City.

7
 The materials and tools used in laying out are the following:

1. Stake – are wooden sticks or post driven to the ground.

2. Batter Boards – are wood stick nailed horizontally to the stake.
3. Level transit - is for establishing reference point.
4. Plastic water hose - which is transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to
establish level of horizontal lines.
5. String or cord - for connecting established point.

Excavation and Backfilling

Excavation work in construction of residences is of two categories namely, the

shallow excavation and the deep excavation.

1. Shallow excavation - includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they
are independent, or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters.

Shallow Excavation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C.
Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting
Technology. Marikina City

8
 2. Deep excavation - is for large building projects as this requires almost total
extraction of the soil at the site. This requires sheeting and shoring of the ground
to project adjoining properties. The process is defined as providing temporary
support to the structure or ground during excavation.

Deep Excavation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C.
Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting
Technology. Marikina City

Backfilling on the one hand is the filling in of the excavated portion after the
foundation has been laid out.

Types of foundations

1. Spread Foundation - includes all those types where the load is distributed into
the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles.

2. Pier Foundation - is one where the load is distributed into the soil by slender
vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called piles. It is in this
foundation where concrete piers are carried down through the soil of
inadequate bearing power until a satisfactory foundation bed is reached.

9
3. Slab Foundation - is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground
with footings placed where extra support is needed.

4. T- Foundation - consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or

a concrete block wall forming an inverted T and foundation is popular in
structures with basement.

10
 5. Mat Foundation - assembles a mat in that the foundation is spread over the
entire area of the building floor.

Mat Foundation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C.
Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting
Technology. Marikina City

Foundation Members

The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and
size of the foundation

1. Footing – is a portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes

the weight of a building over large area. Concrete is commonly used for
footings because it can be poured to maintain a firm contact with the
supporting soil.
2. Foundation walls - the function of the foundation wall is to support the load
of the building above the ground line and to transmit the weight of the house
to the footing.
3. Piers and Columns - are vertical members usually made of concrete, brick,
steel or wood. They are used to support the floor systems and can be used as
sole support of the structure.

Footings and columns carry the load of the building resting on the foundation.

11
Kinds of Footings

1. Wall footing - is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire
length of the wall.

2. Isolated footing - is one which supports a single column, post, pier or other
concentrated load.

3. Combined footing - is one which supports two column loads or

sometimes three column loads not in a row.

12
4. Cantilever footing - is one which supports two column loads and consists of
two footings connected together by a beam often called a strap.

13
 5. Continuous footing - is one which supports a row of three or more columns.

6. Raft or mat footing - is one which extends under the entire building area
and supports all the wall and column loads from the building.

Raft or Mat Foundation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang,
Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material:
Drafting Technology. Marikina City

14
7. Trapezoidal footing

What’s More

Activity 2: Grouping
Direction. Group the words in columns B according to their correct groupings. Write
the words that you see in column B in their correct group in column A.

A B
Trapezoidal
Materials and tools Plastic water hose
used in laying out Spread foundation
Footing
Level transit
Categories of Piers and columns
excavation String
Batter board
Deep
T-foundation
Types of foundation Foundation walls
Cantilever
Slab foundation
Shallow
Kinds of footing Continuous
Stake
Wall footing
Isolated
Foundation Combined
members Mat foundation
Raft/mat footing

15
 What I Have Learned

Let’s see how much you have learned after studying all the topics presented
by accomplishing the activity below.

Activity 3. True of false

Direction. Read and understand each statement and determine whether the
statement is correct or not. If you think the statement is correct, write the word
TRUE. If you think the statement if not correct write the word FALSE.

__________1. Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of the ground
which is sometimes called the substructure.

__________2. Footing is part of the foundation.

__________3. The topography of the surface does not affect the type and design of
foundation.

__________4. For the building to last, its foundation should be designed for the
worst times.

__________5. After construction laying out and staking is done.

__________6. To establish level of horizontal lines, level transit is used.

__________7. If deep excavation is applied, sheeting and shoring of the ground to

project adjoining properties is required.

__________8. It is in pier foundation where concrete piers are carried down through
the soil of inadequate bearing power until a satisfactory foundation bed is reached.

__________9. The portion of the foundation which directly distributes the weight of a
building over large area is the footing.

__________10. Combined footing is one which supports a row of three or more

columns.

16
 What I Can Do

Drawing Activity
Direction. There are three drawings presented to you here, examine each of the
drawings given.

• Drawing A is a floor plan of an single storey house.

• Drawing B is the foundation plan of the same house represented by Drawing
A. Examine the location and position of the foundation walls and footings in
relation to Drawing A.
• Drawing C is a floor plan of another single storey house. Examine the
location of the columns.

Your task:
Draw a foundation plan of the single storey house represented by Drawing C.
Drawing B will be your example. Use the scale 1:100, which means that 1centimeter
in your drawing paper is equivalent to 1 meter in the actual. Good luck!

Follow this procedure:

1. Locate position of wall footings, columns and column footings on the Floor
Plan.

2. Indicate sizes of columns and footings to be used based on accepted

architectural and structural requirements (in this case we may simply
assume).

3. Indicate width and thickness of wall footings.

4. Draw outlines of footings and columns based on accepted architectural

drawing practices.

5. Finalize the drawing by adding dimensions and labels.

Tools and Materials

a. drawing table or any flat surface
b. sharp pencil (medium), eraser and
sharpener c. ruler and triangles
d. clean short bond paper (landscape)

17
 Drawing A

FLOOR PLAN

18
 Drawing B

Foundation Wall
Column Footings

19
Drawing C

20
 Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Score
Accuracy
Neatness
Lettering/Labeling
TOTAL SCORE

• Accuracy
30 pts - the output is accurately done
25 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output
20 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output
• Neatness
10 pts. - has no visible erasures and unnecessary marks 8
pts - has two to three erasures or unnecessary marks
6 pts - has four or more erasures or unnecessary marks
• Lettering/Labeling
10 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed. 8
pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing.
6 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing and
misspelled.
4 pts. - all pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are missing
and misspelled.

Assessment

Post-test
Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write only the letter of
your chosen answer on the space provided before the number.

_____ 1. It is solely based on site investigation and the result of determining the soil
surface and soil condition.
a. foundation design c. foundation size
b. foundation depth d. foundation materials

_____ 2. Its function is to provide a level and uniformly distributed support for the
house or building.
a. columns b. walls c. foundation d. roof

21
_____ 3. These are wooden sticks or posts driven to the ground.
a. stake b. batter board c. level transit d. cord

_____ 4. It is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on

the ground.
a. laying out c. clearing operation
b. laying out and staking d. staking

_____ 5. This is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools,
equipment or explosives before building foundations are created/place.
a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging

_____ 6. This is a transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of
horizontal lines.
a. stake b. cord c. level transit d. plastic water hose

_____ 7. Includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent,
or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters.
a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation
b. backfilling d. cementing

_____ 8. The filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out.
a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging

_____ 9. This is the portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes
the weight of a building over large area.
a. piers b. columns c. foundation walls d. footing

_____ 10. It is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings
placed where extra support is needed.
a. spread foundation c. slab foundation
b. pier foundation d. T-foundation

_____ 11. It includes all foundation types where the load is distributed into the soil by
slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles.
a. spread foundation c. slab foundation b. pier foundation
d. T-foundation

_____ 12. Which carries the load of the building resting on the foundation?
a. walls b. columns c. footings and columns d. footing

_____ 13. This requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. It is applied for
large building projects.
a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation
b. backfilling d. cementing

22
_____ 14. A kind of footing that supports two column loads or sometimes three
column loads not in a row.
a. continuous footing c. raft or mat footing
b. isolated footing d. combined footing

_____ 15. It is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of
the wall.
a. continuous footing c. cantilever footing
b. isolated footing d. wall footing

Additional Activities

A. Directions. Read and understand each item carefully. Identify what is asked/
described and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A footing which supports a wall.

2. The part of the building below the surface of the ground.
3. A footing which supports a single column.
4. A kind of foundation wherein concrete is poured directly to the ground with
footings placed where extra support is needed.
5. A wall that supports or carries a load.

B. Directions. Enumerate the following and write the answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Enumerate the five (5) classes of footings according to load.

2. What are the five (5) types of foundations?