CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Các bước chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động

Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động để chuyển thành chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động để chuyển động từ về thể bị động (be + VpII)
tương ứng. Động từ chia ở dạng số ít, hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ câu bị động.
Bước 3: Chuyển chủ ngữ trong câu bị động thành tân ngữ trong câu chủ động bằng cách thêm
giới từ “by” phía trước.
Bước 4: Xác định vị trí đứng của trạng ngữ có trong câu chủ động
Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: sau “by”
Trạng ngữ chỉ địa điểm: trước “by”
Bước 5: Nếu đầu câu chủ động có “No” (nobody, no one,…), làm như các bước trên rồi chuyển
câu sang dạng phủ định.
Ví dụ:
They sell bread on the street yesterday.
=>Câu bị động: Bread was sold on the street (by them) yesterday.
Eg:Nobody visited Anna for a long time.
=>Câu bị động: Anna wasn’t visited for a long time.

2.Cấu Trúc

Thì Câu chủ động Câu bị động

S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + VpII + (by + O)

Hiện tại đơn
She writes a letter. A letter is written by her.

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + VpII + (by + O)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn
She’s writing a letter. A letter is being written by her.

S + have/ has + VpII + O S + have/ has + been + VpII + (by + O)

Hiện tại hoàn thành
She has written a letter. A letter has been written by her.

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp S + have/ has + been + V-ing + S + have/ has + been + being + VpII + (by + O)
 O
diễn A letter has been being written by her.
She has been writing a letter.

S + V-ed + O S + was/were + VpII + (by + O)

Quá khứ đơn
She wrote a letter A letter was written by her.

S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + VpII + (by + O)

Quá khứ tiếp diễn
She was writing a letter. A letter was being written by her.

S + had + VpII + O S + had + been + VpII + (by O)

Quá khứ hoàn thành
She had written a letter. A letter had been written by her.

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + been + V-ing + O S + had + been + being + VpII + (by + O)
tiếp diễn She had been writing a letter. A letter had been being written by her.

S + will + V(inf) + O S + will + be + VpII + (by O)

Tương lai đơn
She will write a letter. A letter will be written by her.

S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + VpII + (by O)

Tương lai tiếp diễn
She will be writing a letter. A letter will be being written by her.

S + will + have + VpII + O S + will + have + been + VpII + (by O)

Tương lai hoàn thành
She will have written a letter. A letter will have been written by her.

S + will + have + been + V-ing +

Tương lai hoàn thành O S + will + have +been + being + VpII + (by O)
tiếp diễn She will have been writing a A letter will have been being written by her.
letter.

S + am/is/are going to + V(inf)

S + am/is/are + going to + be + VpII + (by + O)
Tương lai gần +O
A letter is going to be written by her.
She is going to write a letter.

Lưu ý : S + ĐTKT + VO +O => Câu bđ: S+ĐTKT + be+ PII

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu dưới đây thành câu bị động
1. Tom gets his brother to clean the room.
2. Nina had a friend type her assignment.
3. Eli will have a hairdresser cut her hair.
4. They had the police arrest the thief.
5. Are you going to have the mechanic repair your washing machine?
6. I must have the doctor check my back.
7. She will have John buy milk tomorrow.
8. I have him tell the story again.
9. The student copied the new grammar into her notebook.
10. Monkeys have attacked several tourists in Nha Trang.
11. He moved the chair into the bedroom.
12. Tommy gave Lily some cake and candies.
13. My parents are going to buy a new car next year.
Bài 2:
1.Tam learns English everyday.
2. Mr.Pike bought a new car yesterday.
3. Tam is reading a book now.
4. They can't make tea with cold water.
5. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
6. Somebody has taken some of my book away.
7. They will hold the meeting before the may day.
8. They have to repair the engine of the car
9. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
10. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
11. They may use this room for the classroom.
12. The teacher is going to tell the story.
13. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
14. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
15. You mustn't use this machine after 5.30pm.
16. They told the new students where to sit.
17. John used to visit Mr.Cole at weekends.
18. She ought to do all the housework.
19. My mother had written the letter before 1985.
20. I'm cleaning my room.
21. They should phone her before the meeting.
22. My mother was making a cake when I came home.
23. Someone has stolen his car.
24. Police were questioning Tom.
25. He opens the mails every morning.
26. They are building a new school in this town.
27. The fire has destroyed many houses.
28. We finished the job by 10 o' clock.
29. They close the museum on Monday.
30. The police stopped us on our way to school.
31. People speak English all over the world.
32. They will build a new school next year.
33. John will deliver the letter.
34. He must do it right now.
35. You should finish the report now.
Bài 3:
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.