Câu bị động

I. Câu bị động là gì ?

Câu bị động (Passive Voice) là câu được dùng để nhấn mạnh đối tượng chịu tác động
của hành động, chứ không phải chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó. Thì của câu bị động
phải tuân theo thì trong câu chủ động. 

Ví dụ:

 My bicycle was stolen.

 Soup has been cooked.
 The mistake was made.

II. Cấu trúc chung của câu bị động

Câu chủ động: S + V + O

Câu bị động: S + be + VpII + (by + O)

 Tân ngữ (O) trong câu chủ động sẽ được đảo lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu
bị động.
 Chủ ngữ (S) trong câu chủ động sẽ đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong câu bị
động và được sử dụng kèm giới từ “by”.
 Động từ V trong câu chủ động sẽ được chia ở dạng “be + V phân từ 2”
trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:

 They will sell their car next month.

(  S            V       O )
(Tháng sau họ sẽ bán xe)
Khi chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ là:

 Their car will be sold by them next month.

(         S     be + VpII     by O   )
(Xe của họ sẽ được bán vào tháng sau)    
III. Cách Chuyển Câu Chủ Động Sang Câu Bị Động
Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động để chuyển thành chủ ngữ trong câu
bị động.

Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động để chuyển động từ về thể bị động
(be + VpII) tương ứng. Động từ chia ở dạng số ít, hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào chủ
ngữ câu bị động.

Bước 3: Chuyển chủ ngữ trong câu bị động thành tân ngữ trong câu chủ động bằng
cách thêm giới từ “by” phía trước. 

Bước 4: Xác định vị trí đứng của trạng ngữ có trong câu chủ động

 Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: sau “by”

 Trạng ngữ chỉ địa điểm: trước “by”
Bước 5: Nếu đầu câu chủ động có “No” (nobody, no one,…), làm như các bước
trên rồi chuyển câu sang dạng phủ định.

Ex: They sell bread on the street yesterday.

-> Bread was sold on the street (by them) yesterday

Nobody visited Anna for a long time.

- > Anna wasn’t visited for a long time.

IV. Cách chuyển tương ứng với các thì trong tiếng Anh

Thì Câu chủ động Câu bị động

S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + VpII + (by + O)

Hiện tại đơn
She writes a letter. A letter is written by her.

S + is/am/are + being + VpII + (by

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
Hiện tại tiếp diễn + O)
She’s writing a letter.
A letter is being written by her.

S + have/ has + VpII + O
Hiện tại hoàn thành
She has written a letter.
S + have/ has + been + V-
Hiện tại hoàn thành ing + O
tiếp diễn She has been writing a
letter.
S + V-ed + O
Quá khứ đơn
She wrote a letter
S + was/were + V-ing + O
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
She was writing a letter.
S + had + VpII + O
Quá khứ hoàn thành
She had written a letter.
S + had + been + V-ing +
Quá khứ hoàn thành O (by + O)
tiếp diễn She had been writing a
letter.
S + will + V(inf) + O
Tương lai đơn
She will write a letter.
S + will + be +V-ing + O
Tương lai tiếp diễn
She will be writing a letter.
Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + VpII +
O (by O)
S + have/ has + been + VpII + (by
+ O)
A letter has been written by her.
S + have/ has + been + being +
VpII + (by  + O)
A letter has been being written by
her.
S + was/were + VpII + (by + O)
A letter was written by her.
S + was/were +being + VpII + (by
+ O)
A letter was being written by her.
S + had + been + VpII + (by O)
A letter had been written by her.
S + had + been + being + VpII +
A letter had been being written by
her.
S + will + be + VpII + (by O)
A letter will be written by her.
S + will + be + being + VpII + (by
O)
A letter will be being written by her.
S + will + have + been + VpII +
 She will have written a A letter will have been written by
letter. her.

S + will + have + been + S + will + have +been + being +

Tương lai hoàn thành V-ing + O VpII + (by O)
tiếp diễn She will have been writing A letter will have been being written
a letter. by her.

S + am/is/are going to + S + am/is/are + going to + be +

V(inf) + O VpII + (by + O)
Tương lai gần
She is going to write a A letter is going to be written by
letter. her.

S + modal verb + V(inf) S + modal verb + be + V3 (+ by

Động từ khuyêt thiếu
+O O)

V. Một số lưu ý khi chuyển câu chủ động thành bị động

Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu bị động không xác định ( everyone, somebody,
someone, anyone, people,…) thì có thể lược bỏ trong câu bị động.

Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là : I, you, we, they, he, she, thì có thể bỏ đi
trong câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động.

Ví dụ:

 Someone has took my umbrella

(Ai đó cầm cái ô của tôi rồi)

=>> My umbrella has been taken.

(Cái ô của tôi bị ai cầm rồi)
Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì
dùng “by” nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”

Ví dụ:

 Papers were cut by my sister.

 -> Papers were cut with scissors

 The bird was shot by the hunter

-> The bird was shot with a gun

VI. Bài tập

Bài 1
1. Tom gets his brother to clean the room.

……………………………………………………….

2. Nina had a friend type her assignment.

……………………………………………………….

3. Eli will have a hairdresser cut her hair.

……………………………………………………….

4. They had the police arrest the thief.

……………………………………………………….

5. Are you going to have the mechanic repair your washing machine?

……………………………………………………….

6. I must have the doctor check my back.

……………………………………………………….

7. She will have John buy milk tomorrow.

……………………………………………………….

8. I have him tell the story again.

……………………………………………………….
9. The student copied the new grammar into her notebook.

……………………………………………………….

10. Monkeys have attacked several tourists in Nha Trang.

……………………………………………………….

11. He moved the chair into the bedroom.

……………………………………………………….

12. Tommy gave Lily some cake and candies.

……………………………………………………….

13. My parents are going to buy a new car next year.

……………………………………………………….

Bài 2: Viết dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc.

1. The book ………. (write) by a famous writer.

2. Letters ……… (deliver) everyday.
3. My motorbike………… (repair) last week.
4. My laptop……… (use) by my father now.
5. The room………(clean) everyday.
6. Game……….(play) by John yesterday.
7. Flowers in our garden………..(water) by my mother every morning.
8. The Coronavirus problem……..(discuss) since last week.

Bài 3:
1. An old woman feeds the pigeons.
The pigeons ________________________
A. are fed
B. were fed by an old woman.
2. A burglar broke the window.
The window _____________________
A. was broken
B. is broken by a burglar.
3. Someone has made a mistake.
A mistake _______________________
A. was made
B. has been made .
4. Everyone is going to love her.
She _____________________________
A. is going to be loved
B. was going to be loved by everyone.
5. Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.
'Don Quixote' _______________________
A. was written by Cervantes.
B. has been written by Cervantes.
6. She is helping my sister.
My sister ________________
A. is helped
B. is being helped by her.
7. Pamela will drive the bus.
The bus ____________________
A. will been driven
B. will be driven by Pamela.
8. I was watering the plants.
The plants ___________________
A. were being watered
B. are being watered by me.

Bài 4:
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
……………………………………………………………………
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
……………………………………………………………………
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
……………………………………………………………………
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
……………………………………………………………………
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
……………………………………………………………………
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
……………………………………………………………………
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
……………………………………………………………………
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
……………………………………………………………………
9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
……………………………………………………………………
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
……………………………………………………………………
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
………………………………………………………………………………..
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
………………………………………………………………………………………
….
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
……………………………………………………………………
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
……………………………………………………………………
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
……………………………………………………………………
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
……………………………………………………………………
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
……………………………………………………………………
18. Are you going to repair those shoes?
……………………………………………………………………
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
……………………………………………………………………
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
……………………………………………………………………
21. When will you do the work?
……………………………………………………………………
22. How are you going to deal with this problem?
……………………………………………………………………
23. How do you spend this amount of money?
……………………………………………………………………
24. I wonder whether the board of directors will choose Susan or Jane for the
position.
……………………………………………………………………
25. How did the police find the lost man?
……………………………………………………………………
Chia dạng đúng ở thể bị động
26. A bottle was ________ (throw) outsides last night by him.
27. This fan has already ________ (fix) by my father.
28. Now, a test ________ (do) by him to prepare for his exam.
29. Finally, the key ________ (find).
30. They were very worried that the work would not ________(finish).

Bài 5: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

……………………………………………………………………
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
……………………………………………………………………
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
……………………………………………………………………
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
……………………………………………………………………
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
……………………………………………………………………
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
……………………………………………………………………
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
……………………………………………………………………
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
……………………………………………………………………
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
……………………………………………………………………
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
……………………………………………………………………
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
……………………………………………………………………
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
……………………………………………………………………
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
……………………………………………………………………
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
……………………………………………………………………
15. They all voted the party a great success.
……………………………………………………………………
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
……………………………………………………………………
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
……………………………………………………………………
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
……………………………………………………………………
19. They find the new project worthless.
……………………………………………………………………
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
……………………………………………………………………
Bài 6:

1. She opens the book.

2. She buys a lot of alcohol.

3. They set the table. 

4. I take a photo.

5. We wear blue skirts. 

6. He doesn’t buy the cooker.

7. They don’t help me. 

8. You do not write the essay.

9. Does that man rob the bank?

10. Does your dad pick you up?

Bài 7
1. The girls are singing a folk song.

2. Mr. Thompson and his son are playing table tennis at the moment.

3. My sister is baking a cake.

4. The waitress is serving three lunches now.

5. My dad is reading the newspaper at this time.

6. They are selling cookies for Christmas right now.

7. The dog is eating its snack.

8. I am weeping the floor.

9. Anna is throwing the ball into a basket.

10. Jimmy is choosing a present for his best friend's birthday.