NATURE OF READING

- Reading, similar to listening, speaking and writing,

is a communication skill.

- Reading, is a process because it has series of acts

proceeding from one step to the next.
 Steps Involve in Reading

Perception is the step involve in reading by which

the reader perceived the written symbols on the
text through the use of his external senses.

Comprehension is the step involve in reading by

which the reader understands the text.

Reaction is the step involve in reading wherein the

reader evaluates the text which is being read.
 Reading Theorists
Kenneth Goodman = Cognitivism
Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game.

Jean Piaget = Cognitivism

assimilation is the process by which the
readers incorporate new experience into an
already existing knowledge.

accomodation is the process by which the

readers changes one’s already existing
knowledge as a result of the experiences.
Rumelhart = cognitivism
schema is the “building block of cognition.”

Patricia Carrell = cognitivism

Two kinds of schema
formal schema = rhetorical patterns of writing
content schema = culture of the reader

Keith Stanovich = Social Constructivism

context clues can be used to compensate for
the meaning of words which we do not know.
Characteristics
Characteristics of
of the
the Reading
Reading Process
Process
 Reading
Readingisisaacomplex
complexprocess
process
 Reading
Readingisisaa two-way
two-wayprocess
process
 Reading
Readingisisaalargely
largelyvisual
visualprocess
process
 Reading
Readingisisananactive
activeprocess
process
 Reading
Readingmakes
makesuse useofofaalinguistic
linguisticsystem
system
which
which enables
enablesreaders
readersto tobe
bemore
moreeffective
effective
users
usersof
ofwritten
writtenlanguage
language
 Effective
Effectivereading
readingisispartly
partlydependent
dependenton onthe
the
reader’s
reader’sprior
priorknowledge
knowledgeor orbackground
background
experiences
experiences
 Types
Types of
of Reading
Reading Materials
Materials
Developmental
Developmental––scientifically
scientificallyprepared
preparedmaterials
materials
which
whichare
areaimed
aimedat
atdeveloping
developingreading
readingskills
skills

Remedial
Remedial––specifically
specificallyprepared
preparedto
tohelp
helplearners
learners
overcome
overcomereading
readingdifficulties
difficulties

Recreatory
Recreatory––provide
providefor
forthe
thedevelopment
developmentofof
appreciation
appreciationand
andenjoyment
enjoymentof ofreading
readingmaterial
material

Functional
Functional––provide
providefor
forthe
thedevelopment
developmentof of
comprehension
comprehensionand
andutilization
utilizationof
ofskills
skillsininareas
areasof
ofstudy
study
 Levels
Levelsof
ofReading
Reading
a.Independent
a.Independentreading level––the
readinglevel thechild
childcan
canfunction
functionadequately
adequately
without
withoutteacher
teacherhelp.
help. Comprehension
Comprehensionshould
shouldaverage
average90%
90%
and
andword
wordrecognition
recognition should
shouldaverage
average99%.
99%.
b.Instructional
b.Instructionalreading level––the
readinglevel thechild
childcan
canfunction
functionadequately
adequately
with
withteacher
teacherguidance
guidance andandyet
yetbe
bechallenged
challengedtotostimulate
stimulatehis
his
reading
readinggrowth.
growth. Comprehension
Comprehensionshould
shouldaverage
average79%79%
and
andword
wordrecognition
recognitionshould
shouldaverage
average95%.
95%.
c.Frustration
c.Frustrationreading level––the
readinglevel thechild
childcannot
cannotfunction
functionadequately.
adequately.
The
Thechild
childoften
oftenshows
showssights
sightsofoftension
tensionand
anddiscomfort.
discomfort.
Vocalization
Vocalizationisisoften
oftenpresent.
present. Comprehension
Comprehension average
average50%
50%
ororless
lessand
andword
wordrecognition
recognitionaverage
average90% 90%ororless.
less.