Nh÷ng kh¸i niÖm c¬ b¶n

1
T¹i sao ph¶i cã c¸c gãc ®Æt b¸nh xe?

 TÊt c¶ c¸c b¸nh xe ®Òu ph¶i cã sù æn ®Þnh l¸i

khi chuyÓn ®éng trªn ®­êng

2
§iÒu g× x¶y ra khi kh«ng cã c¸c gãc ®Æt
b¸nh xe?

 Khi kh«ng cã c¸c gãc ®Æt b¸nh xe mét sè

vÊn ®Ò sÏ x¶y ra nh­:
 Tr­ît b¸nh xe dÉn ®Õn mßn lèp
 Ph¸ háng c¸c chi tiÕt trong c¬ cÊu dÉn ®éng
b¸nh xe
 MÊt æn ®Þnh khi xe chuyÓn ®éng
 …

3
 C¸c kiÓu hÖ thèng treo

Short Arm - Long Arm

Suspension System

MacPherson Strut
Suspension System

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Bé gi¶m chÊn
Kh«ng cã vËt c¶n Cã vËt c¶n Phít ti Piston

DÇu thuû lùc

Piston / Valving

Fluid Under
Pressure

Base Valve

5
c¸c lo¹i b¹c cµng ®iÒu khiÓn

B¹c kim lo¹i B¹c cao su

Inner Pivot Points

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KiÓm tra c¸c khíp cÇu (rotuyn)

Víi lo¹i lß xo ®Æt trªn

cµng d­íi

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KiÓm tra c¸c khíp cÇu (rotuyn)

Víi lo¹i lß xo ®Æt trªn

cµng trªn

8
C¸c thanh lªn kÕt trong hÖ thèng l¸i

Parallellogram

Cross Steer

Haltenberger

Center Steer

Rack and Pinion

9
So s¸nh c¸c kiÓu dÉn ®éng l¸i

Rack & Pinion

Thanh răng & Bánh răng

Parallelogram(Hình bình
hành)
10
kiÓu c¬ cÊu l¸i b¸nh r¨ng – thanh r¨ng cã trî lùc

Pinion

Rack

11
 ChuÈn bÞ kiÓm tra gãc ®Æt b¸nh xe

Dry Park Check Raised Position

• Steering Linkage Parts • Load Carrying Ball Joints
• Sway Bar System • Wheel Bearings
• Ride Height
• Control Arm Bushings
• Wear Indicator Ball Joints
• Tire Size and Pressure

12
 §Þnh nghÜa gãc Camber

 Lean IN = Negative
 Độ nghiêng bên trong = Âm •Tire C/L
 Lean OUT = Positive •Vertical

 Độ nghiêng bên ngoài = Dương

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 §Þnh nghÜa gãc Camber

Negative Zero Positive

Inside Tire Wear Outside Tire Wear

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Camber Pull
 Pulls to the side having the most Camber

28” 27”

15
Lo¹i ®iÒu chØnh ®¬n ®iÓm tiªu biÓu

16
Lo¹i ®iÒu chØnh hai ®iÓm tiªu biÓu

17
Sö dông phÇn mÒm ®iÒu chØnh víi hÖ thèng treo
dïng tay ®ßn ch÷ a

18
®iÒu chØnh víi Lo¹i tay ®ßn kh«ng ®èi xøng

Caster Adjustment

Camber Adjustment

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§Þnh nghÜa gãc Caster

 Rearward Tilt = Positive

 Forward Tilt = Negative
•Steering Pivot Centerline

•Vertical

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 §Þnh nghÜa gãc Caster

Zero Caster
Positive Caster

Negative Caster
Excessive Positive = Hard Steering
Dương quá = Khó lái
Excessive Negative = Instability
Âm quá = Không ổn định
Adjust under normal load
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Điều chỉnh dưới tải trọng bình thường
Ph­¬ng ph¸p ®iÒu chØnh gãc Caster

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§iÒu chØnh gãc Caster/Camber ®ång thêi

+ Camber - Camber
+ Caster - Caster

+ Camber - Camber
- Caster + Caster
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 Shim Camber Caster
Size Change Change
1/8" 1/2 deg 1 deg
1/16" 1/4 deg 1/2 deg
TÝnh to¸n ®Öm ®iÒu chØnh 1/32"
1/64"
1/8 deg
1/16 deg
1/4 deg

CAMBER CASTER
Reading

Specifications

Amount of Change

Shims Required
Combined Shim Amounts

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 Shim Camber Caster
Size Change Change
1/8" 1/2 deg 1 deg
1/16" 1/4 deg 1/2 deg
TÝnh to¸n ®Öm ®iÒu chØnh 1/32"
1/64"
1/8 deg
1/16 deg
1/4 deg

CAMBER CASTER
Reading .5 3.5
Specifications 0 3.5
Amount of Change -.5 0
Shims Required 1/8” 0
Combined Shim Amounts

out 1/8” 0 out 1/8”

out 1/8” 0 out 1/8”
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 Shim Camber Caster
Size Change Change
1/8" 1/2 deg 1 deg
1/16" 1/4 deg 1/2 deg
TÝnh to¸n ®Öm ®iÒu chØnh 1/32"
1/64"
1/8 deg
1/16 deg
1/4 deg

CAMBER CASTER
Reading .5 3.5
Specifications .5 2.5
Amount of Change 0 -1
Shims Required 0 1/8”
Combined Shim Amounts

0 in 1/16” in 1/16”
0 out 1/16” out 1/16”
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 Shim Camber Caster
Size Change Change
1/8" 1/2 deg 1 deg
TÝnh to¸n ®Öm ®iÒu chØnh 1/16"
1/32"
1/4 deg
1/8 deg
1/2 deg
1/4 deg
1/64" 1/16 deg

CAMBER CASTER
Reading .5 3.5
Specifications 0 2.5
Amount of Change -.5 -1
Shims Required 1/8” 1/8”
Combined Shim Amounts

in 1/8” in 1/16” in 3/16”

in 1/8” out 1/16” in 1/16”
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 §é chôm toµn phÇn

 The difference in the Total Toe

distance measured
between the leading
edges and trailing edges
of the wheel and tire
assembly, at spindle
height. Total Toe

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Toe – In & Toe – Out

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§iÒu chØnh ®é chôm

1. Level and Lock Steering Wheel

2. Loosen Tie Rod Adjust Sleeves
3. Adjust One Side to Preferred

3. Adjust the Other Side to Preferred

4. Unlock Steering Wheel, Re-center
5. Readjust Toe if Necessary

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Thrust Angle
(Gãc lÖch gi÷a ®­êng th¼ng song song víi 2 b¸nh sau vµ ®­
êng th¼ng ®èi xøng cña xe)

trôc ®èi xøng

Thrustline

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Thrust Angle

The Thrust Angle dictates the vehicle's

roll direction. The driver steers, in the
direction of the Thrust Angle, to
compensate for the out of thrust
condition. This results in the steering
wheel being cocked, in the direction of
the Thrust Angle, when the vehicle is in
motion.

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Gãc nghiªng trong cña trôc l¸i
Included Angle
 The tilt inward of a line drawn between the
wheel's pivot points, as viewed from the SAI
front of the car, compared to true vertical

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C¸nh tay ®ßn cña lùc c¶n l¸i

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¶nh h­ëng cña bÒ réng vµnh b¸nh xe

35
Scrub Radius changes with rim width & offset
Steering Axis Inclination
(Gãc nghiªng trong cña trôc l¸i)

Included Angle

SAI

Spindle
Arc 36
ChÈn ®o¸n trôc l¸i

Included Angle
 Camber is OK
 SAI is OK SAI
 Incl’d Angle is OK Camber
 Spindle is OK

Vertical

37
ChÈn ®o¸n trôc l¸i
 Camber is Less Included Angle

 SAI is High
SAI
 Incl’d Angle is OK
Camber
 Adjust Camber
 Spindle is OK

Vertical

38
ChÈn ®o¸n trôc l¸i
 Camber is OK Included Angle

 SAI is High SAI

 Incl’d Angle is High
Camber
 Spindle is Damaged

Vertical

39
ChÈn ®o¸n trôc l¸i
 Camber is OK Included Angle

 SAI is Less SAI

 Incl’d Angle is Less
Camber
Spindle is Damaged

Vertical

40
Gi¸ ®ì ®éng c¬ 4WD

Upper Inner
Pivots

Lower Inner
Pivots 41
Gi¸ ®ì ®éng c¬ 4WD
 Camber is High  Camber is Low
 SAI is Low  SAI is High
 Incl’d Angle is OK  Incl’d Angle is OK

Cradle Shifted

42
Sö dông phÇn mÒm ®iÒu chØnh Gi¸ ®ì ®éng c¬
4WD

43
 Toe Out On Turns
(Gãc do·ng b¸nh xe khi quay vßng)

When a car steers into a turn,

the two steerable tires must
turn on two different size
circles. The entire car turns
about a common center. This
means that the two steerable
tires must turn on two different
size angles, with the tire on the
18o turn inside of the turn having the
greater angle
20o turn

All Wheels
Turn on a
Common
Center

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Toe Out On Turns
18o turn 20o turn

Check Specifications for Inside and Outside Turn Angle

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Setback
(Gãc chÐo gi÷a c¸c b¸nh xe trªn cïng mét cÇu)

Setback occurs
when one wheel
on an axle is set
slightly behind
the other wheel
on the axle.
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