Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.
-
.
. ) Just & Carpenter (1980
(McClure & Steffensen ) 1989
""""" " " . & McLean
) Chapman (1989 .
)) Cox et al (1991
. (1987 (Hadley .
. ) (1988) (Read et al -
) - ( : .
. (Baumann) 1986
. )Geva & Ryan
(1985 .
(Chapman) 1980
.
. (Chapman) 1979
.
.
.
.
-1
-2
-3
-4
:
) (Poersch & Schneider, 1991
.
. ) Wong (1993
. (Garber) 1979
.
: .
:
.
:
.
-1 :
) (1994
) Barrett (1979 ) (1989
) (1998
.
) (1990 .
) 1994 (1995 )(1995
. )(1995 ) (1989
(Barrett) 1979
) (1999
) (1988
) (1997
) (1994
. )
(1981
) (1998
. ) Brosh (1997
.
.
-2
) Baumann (1987
1000
:
.
.
(Irwin) 1986
500
.
.
.
(Meyers) 1991
.
lexical relations
.
(Campbell) 1991
: graphic devices .
(Israelite) 1988 (McNamara) 1996 )Horiba
Cohesion :
-1
reference :
(Murphy) 1979
(Harris & Hodges) 1983 :
:
: .
: .
: .
: .
-2
substitution :
) ( :
) ( .
) :(.
: .
: .
: .
-3
: ellipsis
"
"
-4
cohesion by conjunction :
" " .
" " .
" " .
" :
" .
-5
) ( lexical cohesion:
"
"" " .
.
.
.
) (1
.
)(1
144
141
73
71
115
102
137
155
193
151
-
6-12
5-13
3-5
0-5
4-9
4-9
5-10
5-11
6-12
4-12
-
1.75
2.39
0.79
1.20
1.57
1.32
1.65
1.70
1.91
2.40
-
9.53
9.40
3.48
3.62
6.39
6.38
6.85
7.30
8.77
6.56
-
10
10
.
.
::
:
.
.
.1
.2
) :( .
.3
.4
.5
( (:
-1
: :
-2
: :
-3
-4
: :
: :
-5
( ( : :
%02
.%100
.
.
)Flood (1989
.
.
.
-1
) (1999 :
. "
" .
-2
) (1994 .
-3
) (1989
-4
) (1998
. 69 19 . 161-105
-5
) (1998
. 1 4 . 203-190
-6
) (1981 : 2
. 115-100
-7
) (1990
7 7 . 301-247
-8
) (1995
1 1 . 59-43
-9
) (1991 :
2 11 . 982-965
: (1995)
-10
. 215-204 2 1
: (1995-1994)
-11
. 252-239 1 3
(1988)
-12
(1997)
-13
. 70-59 42 1
-1
-2
.relationships. ED255867
-3
.The application of a direct instruction model. Reading Research Quarterly; 21, 1, 70-90
-4
Beck, I. & Others (1984). Improving the comprehensibility of stories: The effect
.of
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
Duin, A. & Prenn, M. (1985). Identifying the features that make expository texts
-10
-11
.presentation and text features. Reading Research and Instruction; 29, 1, 1-11
-12
produced texts and beginning reading materials. ERIC Document Reproduction Service
No. ED188132
-13
-14
-15
-16
.Reading Association
-17
-18
-19
-20
McKeown, M. & others (1990). The relative contribution of prior knowledge and
-21
-22
fiction by good and poor readers. Journal of Reading Research; 12, 1, 13.28
McNamara, D. & others (1996). Are good texts always better? Interactions of
text
-23
236
-24
-25
Meyer, L. and Others (1986). Children's comprehension of, reaction to, and
-26
preferences for basal reader stories of varying comprehensibility. Technical Report No.
.378. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED278978
-27
-28
reader texts and complex trade book texts by emergent readers. ERIC Document
.Reproduction Service No. ED350565
-29
mechanisms is associated with the production of more coherent texts. Rassagna Italia di
.Linguistica Applica; 23, 3, 51-61
Read W. & others (1988). What's so hard about understanding language. ERIC
-30
-31
Evidence from eye movement patterns and recall performance. Journal of Research in
.Reading; 15, 1, 39-45
-32
-33
9991.
) (1 ) (2) (3 42 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6
) (7 ) (8 ) (9 ) (10 ) (11 .
) (12 ) (13 ) (14 ) (15 )
(16 ) (17 .
) (18 ) (19 )
(20 )( 21 ) (22 ) (23
) (24 ) (25 ) (26 ) (27
)(28 ) (29 ) (30 ) (31 ) (32
) (33 ) (34 )(35
) (36 ) (37
) (38 ) (39 ) (40 .
)(1
)(2
. = 1
)(3
. = 2
)(4
. =
. = 2
)(5
. = . 2
)(6
. =
)(7
. =
=
)(8
. =
)(9
. = )(
) . (10 2
) . (11 =
) . (12 =
) . (13 =
) . (14 =
) . (15 =
) . (16 = )(
) . (17 = )(
) . (18 = ) (
) . (19 =
) . (20 =
) . (21 = =
) . (22 = 42 30
) . (23 = 22
) . (24 = )( 26
) . (25 = 24
) . (26 =
) . (27 = 26
) . (28 = )( 26
) . (29 =
) . (30 22
). (31 = 30
) . (32 = ) (
). (33 = . = )(
) (34 =
.
) . (35 = )( 18 26
) . (36 =
)(37
) . (38 =
) . (39 =
) . (40 =
) (41 :
.
"" . "
)". (42 " :