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Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

NGHIN CU CC NHN T NH HNG N NG LC LM VIC CA

NHN VIN TRC TIP SN XUT TNG CNG TY LP MY VIT NAM
(LILAMA)
Bi Th Minh Thu1 v L Nguyn oan Khi2
1
2

Khoa chuyn ngnh, i hc Ni v H Ni, c s min Trung

Phng Qun l Khoa hc, Trng i hc Cn Th

Thng tin chung:

Ngy nhn: 06/10/2014
Ngy chp nhn: 31/12/2014

Title:
The study of the work
motivation of direct
production employees in
erection corporation
Vietnam (lilama)
T kha:
ng lc lm vic, nhn
vin trc tip sn xut, vn
ha doanh nghip
Keywords:
Work motivation, direct
production employees,
corporate culture

ABSTRACT
In business of Lilama there are many factors in attracting participation in
the management system, such as material, economic, cultural, information...
but people remains the leading factor. The economic crisis and competition
of sources direct production employees ongoing harsh in erection industry
lead to Lilama serious affected. Study of the work motivation of direct
production employees plays an important role in attracting and retaining
talents for Lilama. Research results were analyzed from observation, testing
the reliability of the scale and factor analysis. Then correlation analysis,
multiple linear regression under multivariate normal regression, the study
found seven factors that affect the work motivation of direct production
employees in Lilama: corporate culture, work, opportunity for training and
development, working conditions, wages and welfare regime, relationships
with colleagues, relationships with the leaders. In of which wages and
welfare regime with the corporate culture is the most powerful factor.
Results obtained from the study suggest vital implications in developing
suitable strategies and development plan to attract human resources Lilama.
TM TT
Trong hot ng kinh doanh Lilama c nhiu nhn t tham gia vo h
thng qun l nh vt cht, kinh t, vn ho, thng tinnhng con ngi
vn l yu t hng u. S khng khong kinh t v cnh tranh ngun lao
ng trc tip sn xut ang din ra khc nghit ngnh lp my dn n
Lilama cng b nh hng nghim trng. Nghin cu ng lc lm vic ca
nhn vin trc tip sn xut c tm quan trng trong thu ht v gi chn
ngi ti cho Lilama. Nghin cu tin hnh phn tch kt qu thu thp
c t quan st, kim nh tin cy ca thang o v phn tch nhn t.
Sau phn tch tng quan, hi quy tuyn tnh bi theo hi quy a bin
thng thng, nghin cu pht hin 07 nhn t nh hng n ng lc
lm vic ca nhn vin trc tip sn xut Lilama l: Vn ha doanh nghip,
cng vic, c hi o to v pht trin, iu kin lm vic, lng v ch
phc li, mi quan h vi ng nghip, mi quan h lnh o. Trong ,
lng v ch phc li vi vn ha doanh nghip l yu t tc ng mnh
nht. Kt qu c c t nghin cu l gi quan trng trong vic xy dng
chin lc v k hoch ph hp pht trin ngun nhn lc ca Lilama.

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th lao lao ng v mc tin lng ca ngi cng

nhn trong t chc nh: tnh n nh v mc t
ch ca cng vic, mc khc nhau v nhim v,
trch nhim, s phc tp ca cng vic, s hp dn
v thch th trong cng vic. [Nguyn Vn im,
Nguyn Ngc Qun (2007, trang 128)].
2.2 To ng lc lm vic

1 T VN
Xu hng y mnh pht trin ngnh lp my
trong nc v th gii nn Lilama ang b cnh
tranh ngun nhn lc rt cng thng. Trong khi
Lilama c hn 25.000 lao ng bao gm trc tip
sn xut v gin tip, t Bc vo Nam vi 20 Cty
thnh vin, 2 chi nhnh, 1 trng cao ng ngh, 4
ban QLDA nn vic qun l nhn s rt kh khn.
Theo nghin cu ca Farhaan v Arman vo nm
2009: Nhn vin c ng lc th h lm vic t
80-90% hiu sut, t l ngh vic thp, ngh php
thp. Theo nghin cu ca Kovach vo nm 1995
c ch r: Vn ln nht ca qun l l cm
nhn chnh xc cc yu t thc y ng lc lm
vic ca nhn vin. Vi cnh tranh gay gt v
ngun nhn lc trc tip sn xut ca cc ngnh
cng nghip lp my Vit Nam dn n hin tng
nhy vic lin tc lc lng ny, c bit l
nhng lao ng sn xut c tay ngh cao dn n
Lilama khng hong lao ng trm trng. Trong
khi ti Lilama, th lao ng sn xut trc tip l
lc lng quan trng nht chim n 70% ngun
nhn lc v cng cha c nghin cu no v vn
to ng lc lm vic cho nhm i tng ny
nn nghin cu ng lc lm vic ca i tng
lao ng trc tip sn xut l tin qun tr nhn
s ng nht trong Lilama.

L tt c nhng hot ng m doanh nghip c

th thc hin c i vi ngi lao ng, tc
ng n kh nng lm vic tinh thn thi lm
vic nhm em li hiu qu cao trong lao ng.
To ng lc gn lin vi li ch hay ni cch khc
l li ch to ra ng lc trong lao ng. Song trn
thc t ng lc c to ra mc no, bng
cch no iu ph thuc vo c ch c th s
dng n nh l mt nhn t cho s pht trin ca
x hi. Mun li ch to ra ng lc phi tc ng
vo n, kch thch n lm gia tng hot ng c
hiu qu ca lao ng trong cng vic, trong
chuyn mn hoc trong nhng chc nng c th.
[Nguyn Vn im, Nguyn Ngc Qun (2007,
trang 129)]
2.3 M hnh cc yu t nh hng n ng
lc lm vic
Nm 1946, Foreman Facts (Vin quan h lao
ng New York) nghin cu a ra m hnh cc
yu t to ng lc lm vic cho nhn vin trn cc
i tng nhn vin ngnh cng nghip gm cc
yu t. Sau m hnh ny c ph bin rng ri
v c nhiu nh nghin cu, nhiu t chc ng
dng nghin cu nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc
nhau nh: Nghin cu ca Kennett S.Kovach
(1987) b sung v a ra m hnh 10 yu t
ng vin nhn vin nh: (1) Cng vic th v (2)
c cng nhn y cng vic lm (3) S t
ch trong cng vic (4) Cng vic n nh (5)
Lng cao (6) S thng tin v pht trin ngh
nghip (7) iu kin lm vic tt (8) S gn b ca
cp trn vi nhn vin (9) X l k lut kho lo,
t nh (10) S gip ca cp trn gii quyt
nhng vn c nhn. Tip theo c nhiu nghin
cu ng dng ca cc nh nghin cu nh Bob
Nelsson, Balanchard Training & developement
(1991), Shilverhorne (1992), Charles v Mashal
(1992), Simons v Enz (1995), Wong, Siu, Tsang
(1999), Vit Nam c nghin cu ca Trn Kim
Dung (2005) cng tin hnh nghin cu v m
hnh ny. Vic nghin cu theo m hnh ca
Kovach c tin hnh nhiu nc, nhiu lnh
vc u kim nh c rng mi yu t u nh
hng n ng lc lm vic ca nhn vin. y
cng l nn tng trong vic xy dng m hnh

2 C S L THUYT V M HNH
NGHIN CU
2.1 ng lc lm vic
L s kht khao v t nguyn ca con ngi
nhm tng cng s n lc t c mc ch
hay mt kt qu c th (Ni cch khc ng lc
bao gm tt c nhng l do khin con ngi hnh
ng). ng lc cng chu nh hng ca nhiu
nhn t, cc nhn t ny lun thay i v kh nm
bt. Chng c chia thnh ba loi yu t c bn
l:
Loi 1. Nhng yu t thuc v con ngi tc l
nhng yu t xut hin trong chnh bn thn con
ngi thc y con ngi lm vic nh: li ch ca
con ngi, mc tiu c nhn, thi ca c nhn,
kh nng v nng lc ca c nhn, thm nin, kinh
nghim cng tc.
Loi 2. Cc nhn t thuc mi trng l nhng
nhn t bn ngoi c nh hng n ngi lao
ng nh: vn ho ca doanh nghip, cc chnh
sch v nhn s.
Loi 3. Cc yu t thuc v ni dung bn cht
cng vic l yu t chnh quyt nh nh hng n
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(2) Lng v ch phc li: Thu nhp v

phc li th hin nhu cu sinh l v an ton trong
thuyt nhu cu ca Maslow (1943), l yu t quan
trng nht i vi nhn vin trong cc nghin cu
ca Simons & Enz (1995) ti M, Canada v
nghin cu ca Charles & Marshall (1992) ti
Caribean. Theo nghin cu ca Artz (2008) phc
li c vai tr quan trng trong vic xc nh mc
tha mn cng vic.

nghin cu ca ti ny. u im ca m hnh

ny l phn loi c th hn cc kha cnh c th
nh hng n ng lc nhn vin, tch bch tng
yu t gip cho nh qun l kim sot c vn
cn lm, c kim chng trn nhiu quc gia,
c c s i chiu v so snh khi phn tch
Vit Nam v m hnh c quan tm n cc yu t
cm xc ca nhn vin, chnh l mc tiu
nghin cu ca tc gi v to ng lc cho nhn
vin ti Lilama. V xu hng lnh o theo tr tu
cm xc (EQ) l xu hng mi v thit thc, nh
qun l cn bit qun l cm xc ci thin mi
quan h vi nhn vin v hiu nhn vin mnh hn.
Khuyt im ca m hnh l cha nu r vai tr
nh hng ca yu t vn ha doanh nghip
(VHDN) n ng lc nhn vin, trong khi iu
ny rt quan trng, c bit trong tp on rng
nh Lilama tri di t Bc n Nam vi nhiu nn
vn ha khc nhau.

(3) o to v pht trin: Theo Trn Kim Dung

(2009) cho rng c hi o to tha mn nhu cu
pht trin cho nhn vin. c trang b nhng k
nng chuyn mn cn thit s kch thch nhn
vin thc hin cng vic tt hn, t nhiu thnh
tch hn, mun c trao nhng nhim v c tnh
thch thc cao hn c nhiu c hi thng tin hn.
Theo thuyt Maslow th yu t ny nm trong
nhu cu, nhu cu c tn trng v khng nh
mnh, theo thuyt 2 nhm yu t ca Herzberg th
cc yu t ny thuc nhm cc yu t v mi
trng c kh nng gy ra s khng tha mn,
trong khi nghin cu Wong, Siu, Tsang (1999) th
yu t ny quan trng nht i vi nhn vin khch
sn Hng Kng.

2.4 Thang o cc yu t to ng lc lm vic

2.4.1 Thang o ng lc theo cc yu t

T cc l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu ng
lc lm vic ca Kennett S.Kovach (1987), nhm
tc gi tin hnh nghin cu s b bng phng
php tho lun nhm vi ban qun tr v 50 nhn
vin cng ty Lilama7, Lilama 45-3, vi cc chuyn
gia v nhn s ngnh c kh lp my. Qua tho
lun xc nh m hnh nghin cu ng lc lm
vic ca nhn vin trc tip sn xut Lilama v
ni dung th tng ng vi m hnh 10 yu t
ng vin ca Kennett S.Kovach nhng c b sung
thm yu t vn ha doanh nghip v iu chnh
mt s tn gi cc bin cho ph hp vi tnh hnh
Lilama nh sau:

(4) Quan h vi ng nghip: nhn vin cn

c c s h tr gip ca ng nghip khi
cn thit, tm thy s thoi mi thn thin khi lm
vic vi ng nghip (Hill, 2008). ng thi, nhn
vin phi tm thy ng nghip ca mnh tn tm
vi cng vic t c kt qu tt nht
(Bellingham, 2004). Cui cng, ng nghip cn
phi l ngi ng tin cy (Chami & Fullenkamp
2002).
(5) Vn ha doanh nghip: Theo Stephen
Overell (2009) 5 i lng then cht ca ng vin
khuyn khch: Xy dng thng hiu bn trong,
truyn thng cc gi tr ca t chc, th hin lnh
o tt, to mi trng lm vic th v v thch
thc, qun tr kt qu thc hin cng vic v
thng xuyn hon thin. Nghin cu ca
Tavassoli (2008) ch ra rng: Thc hin truyn
thng v lm cho thng hiu sng ng thng qua
ngun nhn lc s to kt qu l nhn vin c nim
t ho cao hn, cm nhn tt hn v mc ch
chung v mc ng vin cao hn. (Trch li
trong Trn Kim Dung, Nguyn Ngc Lan Vy,
2011).

(1) S t ch trong cng vic: Theo thuyt c

s cng vic ca Hackman v Oldham (1976)
xy dng nhm xc nh cch thc cng vic sao
cho ngi lao ng c ng lc lm vic ngay t
bn trong h cng nh to c s tha mn trong
cng vic v to c hiu qu cng vic tt nht.
Ngi nhn vin phi nm r cng vic t u n
cui v cng vic phi c tm quan trng nht
nh. K n, cng vic phi cho php nhn vin
thc hin mt s quyn nht nh nhm to cho
nhn vin cm nhn c trch nhim v kt qu
cng vic ca mnh. Cui cng, cng vic phi
m bo c tnh phn hi t cp trn, ghi nhn
thnh tu ca nhn vin cng nh nhng gp ,
ph bnh nhm gip nhn vin lm vic tt hn
ln sau. N gip nhn vin bit c kt qu thc
s ca cng vic mnh lm.

(6) Phong cch lnh o: Theo nghin cu ca

Janet Cheng lian Chew (2004) v: nh hng ca
qun tr ti nguyn nhn s trong vic gi li cc

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nhn vin ch cht ca cc t chc c, mt

nghin cu kinh nghim, cho rng: ng lc nhn
vin ph thuc vo chnh hnh vi lnh o, quan h
lm vic, vn ha v cu trc cng ty, mi trng
lm vic. Kt qu t nghin cu ca Towers
Watson v lc lng Lao ng ton cu nm 2012
cng c quan im cho rng nh qun l trc tip
c nh hng mnh m n s gn kt ca nhn
vin vi cng vic ca h, gn b vi cng ty ca
h v sn sng ng gp cng sc vo thnh cng
ca cng ty h.

kim tra nhn t trch c)- Xy dng thang o

hon chnh.
Phn tch tng quan tuyn tnh- Phn tch
hi quy tuyn tnh bi a bin thng thng (Kim
tra m hnh v kim nh l thuyt).
Tho lun kt qu x l s liu, so snh cc
nghin cu trc y- a ra kt lun.
3.2 Phng php chn quan st
Theo cc nh nghin cu Hair v ctv nm 1998,
th chn kch thc quan st nghin cu ph
hp i vi phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA c
quan st ti thiu N>5*x (x : l tng s bin quan
st). Theo Tabachnick v Fideel (1996) tin
hnh phn tch hi quy ca mt cch tt nht th c
quan st ti thiu cn t c tnh theo cng thc
N> 50+8m (trong m l bin c lp). Cn theo
Bentlou v Chou (1987) th s lng quan st cho
mi tham s c lng l 5 quan st. Nh vy,
trong nghin cu ny ph hp vi cc nghin
cu ca cc tc gi trn v ph hp vi nghin cu
ca mnh th tc gi s dng s quan st ng vi 39
bin quan st v 8 thnh phn l : N> max (5x39 ;
50+ 8x8) = (195, 114)= 195 quan st. D on qu
trnh pht bng cu hi ra thu thp d liu th c
nhng bng cu hi khng hp l v d phng
tc gi s ly s lng quan st l 300 quan st, gi
cho cc i tng nhn vin trc tip sn xut theo
ly quan st phi xc sut thun tin vi s lng l:
60 quan st Lilama7, 60 quan st xng c kh
Lilama, 60 quan st Lilama 45-1, 60 quan st
Lilama 45-3, 60 quan st Lilama 10. Phng
php phi xc sut thun tin da trn s thun li
hay da trn tnh d tip cn ca i tng,
nhng ni m tc gi c nhiu kh nng gp c
i tng, nu ngi c phng vn khng ng
th tc gi chuyn sang i tng khc, v Lilama
c cc cng ty con tri di c nc v phn ln
nhn vin trc tip sn xut lm vic cng
trng. V th tit kim thi gian nhng vn
m bo s liu, tc gi chn phng php xc sut
phi thun tin. Thi gian nghin cu t thng 4 n
thng 6/2014.
3.3 Phng php phn tch s liu

(7) S n nh trong cng vic: Theo Frederick

Herzberg (1959) cc yu t nh hng n ng
lc lm vic gm 2 yu t: yu t duy tr v yu t
thc y trong yu t duy tr l iu kin lm
vic, chnh sch ca cng ty, s gim st, quan h
ng nghip, tin lng, a v v cng vic n
nh. V c bit trong khng hong kinh t hin
nay th s n nh cng vic, tin lng u n
cng l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng thu ht
nhn ti ca Lilama.
(8) iu kin lm vic tt: Mi trng an ton,
c y cng c lm vic, gi gic lm vic
hp l, ni lm vic vui v v c t chc tt
theo nghin cu ca Kennett S.Kovach (1987).
2.4.2 ng lc ni chung
Bin ph thuc l ng lc lm vic c o
lng trc tip qua cc bin quan st sau:
Nhn vin thy hng th vi cng vic hin ti.
Tm trng lm vic ca nhn vin lun t
mc tt, vui v lc quan.
Nhn vin sn sng hy sinh quyn li bn
thn t thnh tch tt trong cng vic.
Nhn vin nh gi cao cc chnh sch ng
vin khuyn khch ca cng ty.
3 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1 Quy trnh nghin cu
Theo Nguyn nh Th v Nguyn Th Mai
Trang (2007) th quy trnh nghin cu tin hnh
cc bc nh sau:
Mc tiu nghin cu C s l thuytThang o nhp- Tho lun nhm- iu chnh- Xy
dng thang o chnh- Thit k bng cu hi.

Phn tch kt qu thu thp c t quan st,

kim nh tin cy ca thang o bng h s
Cronbachs alpha v phn tch nhn t EFA
(Exploratory Factor Analysis). Phn tch tng
quan, hi quy tuyn tnh bi theo hi quy a bin
thng thng c s dng kim nh m hnh
nghin cu, kim nh gi thuyt v cui cng tho
lun kt qu x l s liu v phn tch nguyn

Kho st- nh gi s b thang o bng h

s Cronbachs alpha (Loi cc bin c tng quan
bin tng thp v kim tra h s Cronbach Alpha).
Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA (Loi
cc bin c h s tng quan vi nhn t thp v
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hiu cng ty. VH3.Nhn vin yu thch vn ha

cng ty. VH4.Cng ty c chin lc pht trin bn
vng. VH5.Nhn vin thy vn ha cng ty ph
hp VH6.Cng ty lun to ra sn phm c cht
lng cao.

nhn, so snh vi cc nghin cu trc y sau

a ra gii php chin lc.
3.4 M hnh nghin cu xut
Trn c s phn tch cc yu t nh hng v
xy dng thang o nh trn, tc gi ngh m
hnh nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n ng
lc ca nhn vin trc tip sn xut vi cc gi
thuyt cc bin quan st u c nh hng n
ng lc lm vic ca nhn vin.

Quan h ng nghip k hiu l DN gm 5

bin quan st nh: DN1. ng nghip ng tin
cy v trung thc.DN2. ng nghip phi hp
lm vic tt vi nhau. DN3. ng nghip thng
san s kinh nghim v gip trong cng vic,
cuc sng. DN4. ng nghip thoi mi, vui v
ha ng. DN5. ng nghip bit hp tc lm
vic nhm.
Lng v ch phc li k hiu l LP gm 7
bin quan st nh: LP1.Tin lng c tr xng
ng vi cng sc nhn vin b ra. LP2. Lng c
m bo c cuc sng ca ngi lao ng v gia
nh. LP3. Chnh sch khen thng c kp thi, r
rng v cng khai, minh bch. LP4.Ch phc li
c a dng, y v ng i tng lao ng
c hng. LP5.Ngi lao ng c hi lng vi
chnh sch phc li ca cng ty. LP6.Ch
phc li, lng, thng c tr ng thi hn v
tha ng cha?. LP7.Chnh sch lng, thng,
ch phc li thc s quan tm ti nhn vin
hay cha?
S t ch trong cng vic k hiu l TC gm 5
bin quan st nh: TC1. Chp nhn ri ro bi sng
to v ci tin. TC2. c quyn quyt nh mt
s cng vic ph hp vi nng lc ca nhn vin.
TC3. c tham gia vo vic lp k hoch sn
xut. TC4. Nhn vin c phn chia cng vic
hp l. TC5. Nhn vin c tham gia vo cc
quyt nh c nh hng n cng vic ca mnh.
Phong cch lnh o k hiu l LD gm 6 bin
quan st: LD1. Lnh o nh gi thnh tch nhn
vin cng bng v c ghi nhn. LD2. Lnh o c
gip v h tr nhn vin hon thnh tt cng
vic c giao. LD3. Lnh o c cung cp thng
tin phn hi gip nhn vin ci thin hiu sut cng
vic. LD4. Lnh o lun bo v quyn li cho
nhn vin. LD5. Lnh o tin tng kh nng ca
nhn vin. LD6. Lnh o kho lo t nh khi
ph bnh.

T m hnh nghin cu gm 8 yu t, tc gi
tho lun nhm xy dng bng cu hi chnh thc
ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ca Lilama vi 39
bin quan st v bn bin quan st o lng
mc ng lc chung. Tt c cc bin quan st
trong cc thnh phn u s dng thang o Likert 5
bc vi mc tng ng: mc 1 l hon ton
khng ng vi pht biu, mc 2 khng ng ,
mc 3 l bnh thng, mc 4 ng v mc 5 l
hon ton ng vi pht biu. Kt qu ca phn
ny l bng cu hi chnh thc s dng kho st.
iu kin lm vic k hiu l LV vi 4 bin
quan st nh sau : LV1.Cng ty c trang b y
cng c dng c, bo h lao ng ni lm vic.
LV2.iu kin lm vic an ton v sinh khng c
hi. LV3.iu kin lm vic v sng cng trng
c y tin nghi v sch s. LV4.iu kin lm
vic c m bo sc khe cho nhn vin.
S n nh trong cng vic k hiu l OD c 2
bin quan st l OD1. Nhn vin khng lo b mt
vic cng ty, OD2.Cng ty hot ng n nh v
hiu qu.
o to v pht trin k hiu l DT gm 4 bin
quan st DT1.Cng ty c chng trnh o to pht
trin thng xuyn ph hp. DT2.Cng ty lun to
iu kin cho nhn vin pht trin tay ngh v nng
cao k nng lm vic. DT3. Cng ty lun to c
hi cho nhn vin thng tin v pht trin. DT4.
Nhn vin bit iu kin cn pht trin.
Vn ha doanh nghip k hiu l VH gm 6
bin quan st nh: VH1.Nhn vin t ho v
thng hiu cng ty. VH2. Nhn vin nhn thy
ton b i tc khch hng nh gi cao thng

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Bin quan st: 4

iu kin lm vic

Bin quan st: 2

S n nh trong cng vic

Bin quan st: 4

o to v pht trin

Bin quan st: 6

Vn ha doanh nghip

Bin quan st: 5

Quan h ng nghip

Bin quan st: 7

Lng v ch
phc li

Bin quan st: 5

S t ch trong
cng vic

Bin quan st: 6

Phong cch lnh

o

ng lc
lm vic

Hnh 1: M hnh nghin cu xut

nhn vin trc tip sn xut thng nm trong
tui t 21 n di 40 tui a phn c trnh hc
vn t trung cp ngh v cao ng chim 66%, i
hc chim 28% v cn li 6% c trnh sau i
hc. T l ny ph hp vi thc t, v nhn vin
trc tip sn xut thng l cc cng nhn c tay
ngh trung cp v cao ng, cn qun l i, t
nhm l i hc v sau i hc. S ngi c thi
gian cng tc di 3 nm chim 52,4 %, t 3 n 5
nm chim 15,3% v trn 5 nm chim 32,3%.
65.6% l nhn vin trc tip sn xut, 14% l k
ton, 15,3% l qun l i, 5,1% l cp qun l cao
hn. a phn nhn vin c thi gian cng tc
cng ty hin ti di 3 nm, chim gn mt na
trong s lng quan st, iu ny cho thy vic gn
kt vi t chc khng cao c 8,6% nhn vin c
thu nhp di 3 triu/thng, 22,4% c thu nhp t
3 n di 6 triu ng/thng, thu nhp t 6 n 10
triu chim 53,3% v 15,7% c thu nhp t 10
triu ng/thng tr ln. Kt qu thng k cho
thy, mc thu nhp ca nhn vin nm trong
khong 6 10 triu chim t l cao, ph hp vi
thc t hin nay, vi tnh hnh lm pht tng mc
lng ny l mc lng hp l cho nhn vin
duy tr c cuc sng.

4 KT QU V THO LUN
4.1 Kt qu v quan st nghin cu
Quan st trong nghin cu c chn theo
phng php thun tin, kch thc quan st
n = 300. Sau khi phng vn trc tip hoc gin tip
(bng email, in thoi, facebook) nhn vin trc
tip sn xut ti cc cng ty thnh vin ca Lilama
thng qua bng cu hi, tin hnh tp hp bng cu
hi, xem xt v loi b nhng bng cu hi nhn
v khng t yu cu. T l phn hi thc t l
74,3% (223/300). Sau khi kim tra tnh hp l c
08 phiu khng t yu cu (chim 2,5%) b loi
b. S phiu phn hi hp l l 215 phiu
(71,67%) c a vo phn tch. Phn loi 215
ngi tham gia tr li theo thnh phn gii tnh,
tui tc, trnh hc vn, thi gian cng tc, v tr
cng vic v mc thu nhp trc khi c a vo
x l.
Kt qu cho thy: t l nam cao hn nhiu ln
so vi n y cng l c th ca ngnh cng
nghip, c th t l nam chim 85,2% v n chim
14,8%. tui t 21 - 30 chim t l cao nht
55,5%, tui t 31 - 40 chim 21,3%, tui t
41-50 chim 17,3%, t l thp nht l tui trn
50 chim 5,8%. Kt qu trn ph hp vi thc t v
71

Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

Bng 1: Bng s liu quan st

Gii tnh

Thi gian cng tc

(nm)

tui (tui)

Trnh
hc vn

Thu nhp (triu)

Nam N 21-30 31-40 41-50 Trn 50 Di 3 3-5 Trn 5 TC-C H SH

85,2 14,8 55,5
100%

21,3 17,3
100%

5,8

52,4 15,3
100%

32,3

66 28
100%

3-6 6-10

10
6 8,6 22,4 53,3 15,7
100%

Ngun: S liu kho st 2014

ca cc thang o u > 0,6. Do , tt c 8 thang

o vi 38 bin quan st ny u c s dng tip
tc trong bc phn tch nhn t (EFA) tip theo.
4.3 Kt qu phn tch khm ph (EFA)

4.2 Kt qu kim nh thang o

Thang o c nh gi thng qua cc phng
php: nh gi tin cy, phn tch nhn t khm
ph. Vic kim nh thang o thng qua vic s
dng h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha kim nh
mc tng quan gia cc bin quan st. Nu bin
quan st c mc tng quan so vi bin tng nh
hn 0,3 s b loi, ng thi m bo h s tin cy
ln hn 0,6.

Phn tch nhn t khm ph c s dng

kim nh gi tr cc khi nim ca thang o, theo
nh nghin cu Clack & Watson (1995) th nhng
bin quan st no c trng s ti nhn t nh hn
0,4 s b loi. Trong nghin cu ny, phng php
trch h s thnh phn chnh (Principal component)
c s dng vi php xoay nhn t l Varimax v
ch s i din cho lng bin thin c gii thch
bi nhn t ln hn 1 (Eigenvalue>1) (Ngc v
Trng, 2005). Gi tr tng phng sai ln hn hoc
bng 0,5 s c chp thun (Hair v ctv, 1998,
Holmes- Smith, 2001).

Bng 2: Bng kim nh thang o chi tit cho tt

c cc bin s trong m hnh
Stt Thang o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Vn ha doanh nghip
S n nh trong cng vic
C hi o to v pht trin
Mi quan h vi ng nghip
iu kin lm vic
Lng v ch phc li
S t ch trong cng vic
Phong cch lnh o
ng lc chung

H s
Cronbachs
Alpha
0,927
0,889
0,881
0,912
0,911
0,883
0,703
0,882
0,903

Thang o cc yu t to ng lc lm vic cho

nhn vin gm 8 thang o vi 38 bin quan st
c a vo phn tch nhn t EFA. Trong phn
tch khm ph, kt qu c 8 nhn t c rt ra vi
tng phng sai trch bng 72,49%, cc thnh phn
c h s chuyn ti t yu cu (>0,5) m bo
mc ngha trong phn tch nhn t. H s KMO=
0,881> 0,5; mc ngha Sig.= 0,000 cho thy phn
tch nhn t v gi thuyt v ma trn tng quan
tng th l m trn ng nht b bc b, tc l cc
bin c tng quan vi nhau v tha mn iu kin
trong phn tch nhn t. S dng php quay
Varimax, kch thc quan st n = 215, kt qu sau
khi loi cc h s truyn ti < gn bng 0,5 th
c 8 bin quan st b loi b (VH6,OD1,
DT1,LV2,TC1,DN5,OD2,LD6). Cn li 30 bin
quan st c a vo phn tch mt ln na,
m bo cc bin quan st thuc cc nhn t c h
s ti nhn t ln hn 0,5 v c phn b u trn
cc nhn t. Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy c
7 nhn t c rt ra vi tng phng sai trch
bng bng 69,98%.

Ngun: S liu kho st 2014

H s Cronbachs Alpha ca thang o Lng

v cc ch phc li thnh phn thang o gm 7
bin quan st k hiu t LP1 n LP7. H s tin
cy Cronbach's Alpha = 0,791 > 0,6 H s tng
quan gia bin tng u ln hn 0,3. Tuy nhin, ta
thy nu b i bin LP5. Ngi lao ng c hi
lng vi chnh sch phc li ca cng ty? th h s
Cronbach's Alpha = 0,883 >0,791, v vy tc gi
quyt nh loi b bin LP5.
Kt qu nh gi h s tin cy Cronbachs
Alpha ca cc bin quan st u c h s tng
quan gia bin tng (Corrected Item-Total
Correlation) trn 0,3 v h s Cronbachs Alpha

72

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Bng 3: Ma trn xoay nhn t trong kt qu phn tch nhn t

K hiu
LV1
LV3
LV4
LP1
LP2
LP3
LP4
LP6
LP7
VH1
VH2
VH3
VH4
VH5
DN4
LD1
LD2
LD4
LD3
DT2
N1
N2
N3
TC2
TC3
TC4
TC5
DT3
DT4
LD5
KMO
H s ti
Phng sai trch

1
,794
,766
,653

Nhn t
4

,803
,733
,711
,676
,665
,664
,823
,779
,778
,706
,700
,633
,873
,828
,811
,951
,939
,793
,698
,655
,788
,767
,665
,661
,951
,938
,652
0,881
>0,5
69,98

Ngun: S liu kho st 2014

Theo Bng 2, sau khi thc hin php xoay, cc

nhn t c s xo trn gia bin quan st ca cc

thnh phn nn phi t tn li cho nhn t mi

nh sau:

Bng 4: Cc nhn t sau php xoay nhn t

Nhn t
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7

Tn nhn t
iu kin lm vic
Lng v ch phc li
Vn ha doanh nghip
Mi quan h vi lnh o
Mi quan h vi ng nghip
S t ch trong cng vic
C hi o to v pht trin

Cc quan st
LV1,LV3,LV4
TL1,TL2,TL3,TL4,TL6,TL7
VH1,VH2,VH3,VH4,VH5,DN4
LD1,LD2.,LD4,LD6, DT2
DN1,DN3, DN3
TC2,TC3,TC4, TC5
DT3,DT4, LD5

Ngun: S liu kho st 2014

73

Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

t c tin cy th cn kim nh cc gi nh
cn thit v s chun on v s vi phm cc gi
nh . Tc gi tin hnh kim tra cc gi nh,
kt qu cho thy hin tng a cng tuyn gia cc
bin khng ng k (h s phng i phng sai
VIF tng ng cc bin c lp = 1 (v nh hn
10), cc phn d c phn phi chun v khng c
hin tng tng quan gia cc phn d khng c
s vi phm v cc gi nh. Vi gi thuyt ban u
cho m hnh l thuyt, phng trnh hi quy c
dng nh sau:

Thang o ng lc lm vic chung khi phn

tch EFA, 4 bin quan st t DLC1 n DLC4 ca
thang o ng lc lm vic chung (mc ng
lc chung khi lm vic) c nhm thnh mt nhn
t, khng c bin quan st no b loi. KMO bng
0,779, phng sai trch bng 68,28%, h s ti
nhn t ca 4 bin quan st u ln hn 0,5.
4.4 Kim nh s ph hp ca m hnh
nghin cu
Sau khi qua giai on phn tch nhn t (EFA),
c 7 nhn t c a vo kim nh m hnh. Gi
tr ca tng nhn t l gi tr trung bnh ca cc
bin quan st thnh phn thuc nhn t . Kt qu
ca phn tch hi quy bi theo hi quy a bin
thng thng s c s dng kim nh cc gi
thuyt t H1 n H7.

Y = B0 + B1* X1+ B2* X2+ B3* X3+

B4*X4+ B5*X5 + B6*X6+B7*X7 Trong :
Y l gi tr ng lc lm vic chung v B0
h s hi quy
X1, B1 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh
phn iu kin lm vic

Phn tch tng quan

Trc khi tin hnh phn tch hi quy, tc gi
s dng h s tng quan Pearson lng ha
mc cht ch ca mi lin h tuyn tnh gia
hai bin nh lng. Trong phn tch tng quan
Pearson, khng c s phn bit gia bin c lp
v bin ph thuc m tt c cc bin u c xem
xt nh nhau Xem xt ma trn tng quan gia cc
bin, nhn t ng lc lm vic v cc nhn t
khc u c s tng quan tuyn tnh > 0, v vy
tip tc phn tch hi quy.

X2, B2 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh

phn lng v ch phc li
X3, B3 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh
phn Vn ha doanh nghip
X4, B4 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh
phn phong cch lnh o
X5, B5 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh
phn mi quan h vi ng nghip
X6, B6 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh
phn s t ch trong cng vic

Phn tch hi quy

Phn tch hi quy bi theo hi quy a bin
thng thng c thc hin vi 7 bin c lp
bao gm: iu kin lm vic, lng v ch
phc li, vn ha doanh nghip, mi quan h vi
lnh o, mi quan h vi ng nghip, s t ch
trong cng vic, c hi o to v pht trin.
tin hnh phn tch hi quy bi a bin thng
thng cng nh a ra kt lun t hm hi quy
Bng 5: Kt qu hi quy
M hnh

R
0,856a

X7, B7 l gi tr v h s hi quy ca thnh

phn c hi o to v pht trin
Tip theo, tc gi tin hnh kim nh m
hnh l thuyt vi phng php a vo mt
lt (Enter), theo phng php ny 07 bin c lp
v 1 bin ph thuc s c a vo m hnh cng
mt lc.

R2
H s xc nh R2 iu chnh lch chun H s Durbin- Watson
0,730
0,736
0,536
1,821

Ngun s liu kho st ca tc gi (2014)

Predictors: (Constant), iu kin lm vic,

lng v ch phc li, VHDN, mi quan h vi

lnh o, mi quan h vi ng nghip, s t ch

trong cng vic, c hi o to v pht trin.

Bng 6: Phn tch phng sai ANOVA.b

M hnh
1

Hi quy
Phn d
Tng

Tng sai s
176,292
58,89
231,87

df
7
208
215

Phng sai trung bnh

25,185
0,283

Ngun s liu kho st ca tc gi (2014)

74

Thng k F
87,33

Mc ngha
,000a

Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

a. Predictors: (Constant), iu kin lm vic,

lng v ch phc li, VHDN, mi quan h vi
lnh o, mi quan h vi ng nghip, s t ch

trong cng vic, c hi o to v pht trin.

b. Dependent Variable: ng lc lm vic

Bng 7: Tm tt cc h s hi quy chnh ca m hnh

M hnh
Hng s
KLV
LVCPL
VHDN
MQHLD
MQHN
STCCV
CHTVPT

H s cha chun ha
B
lch chun
-1,658E-17
0,39
0,347
0,36
0,686
0,37
0,597
0,40
0,289
0,42
0,459
0,38
0,203
0,36
0,197
0,42

H s chun
Beta
0,348
0,685
0,601
0,301
0,459
0,203
0,201

Thng k T

8,289
16,213
15,716
6,125
12,148
5,563
5,231

Mc ngha

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,011
,018

Ngun s liu kho st ca tc gi (2014)

m hnh, c th l khi mc lng v ch

phc li tng ln 1 n v th mc ng lc
chung c tng ln trung bnh 0,686 n v trong
iu kin c nh cc nhn t cn li. Tng t,
khi mc cc nhn t vn ha doanh nghip, mi
quan h vi ng nghip, iu kin lm vic, phong
cch lnh o, s t ch trong cng vic, c hi
o to v pht trin tng 1 n v v cc yu t
khc khng i th s lm ng lc lm vic chung
tng trung bnh ln lt l 0,597, 0,459, 0,347,
0,289, 0,203, 0,197 n v.

a. Dependent Variable: ng lc lm vic

Vi kt qu c trnh by Bng 6, tt c cc
bin u c ngha thng k Sig = 0,000 < 0,05.
Quan st cc h s Beta, c th thy trong 7 thnh
phn ca m hnh nghin cu u tc ng n
ng lc lm vic ca nhn vin.
Phng trnh hi quy nh sau:
Y= 0,686*X2 + 0,597*X3 + 0,459*X5 +
0,347xX5 + 0,289, X4 + 0,203*X6 + 0,197*X7
ng lc lm vic chung = 0,686 * Lng v
ch phc li+ 0,597* Vn ha doanh nghip +
0,459* mi quan h vi ng nghip + 0,347*
iu kin lm vic + 0,289* phong cch lnh o
+ 0,203* s t ch trong cng vic + 0,197* c hi
o to v pht trin.

Sau khi dng hai cng c v ca phn mm

SPSS l biu Histogram v th P-P plot d
tm s vi phm gi nh phn phi chun ca phn
d tc gi nhn thy phn d c phn phi chun
vi gi tr trung bnh gn bng 0 v lch chun
ca n gn bng 1 (=0,976), c ngha l d liu
phn d c phn phi chun. Tip theo l kim
nh v tnh c lp ca phn d, tc gi dng i
lng thng k Drbin-Watson (d) kim nh.
Vi d liu thng k c c d =1,821 th tnh c
lp ca phn d c bo m.

Phng trnh hi quy cho thy ng lc lm

vic ca nhn vin trc tip sn xut Lilama c
quan h tuyn tnh t l thun vi lng v ch
phc li, vn ha doanh nghip, mi quan h vi
ng nghip, iu kin lm vic, phong cch lnh
o, s t ch trong cng vic, c hi o to v
pht trin. Trong lng v ch phc li l
nhn t c nh hng nhiu nht n ng lc lm
vic ca h. Sau n vn ha doanh nghip. Kt
qu hi quy tuyn tnh bi cho thy m hnh c h
s xc nh R2 (coefficient of determination) l
0,730 v R2 iu chnh (adjusted Rsquare) l
0,736. Nh vy, m hnh gii thch c 73,6% tc
ng ca cc yu t tc ng n ng lc ca
nhn vin. Thng qua phng trnh hi quy trn ta
cng thy c tm quan trng ca cc bin trong

4.5 Kt qu thng k mc ng lc chung

Theo Bng 7 kt qu thng k cho thy nhn

vin nh gi cc mc i vi lng v ch
phc li, vn ha doanh nghip, mi quan h vi
ng nghip, iu kin lm vic, phong cch lnh
o, s t ch trong cng vic, c hi o to v
pht trin v ng lc chung mc va ch
khng cao. Cao nht trong bng l lng v ch
phc li mc 4,03, thp nht l c hi o to
pht trin 3,11, mc ng lc chung l 3,29.

75

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Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

Bng 8: Kt qu thng k v mc ng lc chung

Yu t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Lng v ch phc li
Vn ha doanh nghip
Mi quan h vi ng nghip
iu kin lm vic
Phong cch lnh o
S t ch trong cng vic
C hi o to v pht trin
ng lc lm vic chung

Quan
st
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215

Thp
nht
1,17
1,12
1,05
1,04
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,35

Cao
nht
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Trung
bnh
4,03
3,98
3,47
3,28
3,25
3,15
3,11
3,29

lch
chun
0,0578
0,0525
0,0521
0,0621
0,0630
0,0667
0,0602
0,0601

Ngun s liu kho st ca tc gi (2014)

mi quan h vi lnh o, mi quan h vi ng

nghip, s t ch trong cng vic, c hi o to
v pht trin nh hng n ng lc lm vic ca
nhn vin trc tip sn xut ca Lilama. So snh
vi cc kt qu trc nh sau:

5 KT LUN
Kt qu nghin cu xc nh c by thnh
phn trong thang o ng lc: iu kin lm vic,
lng v ch phc li, vn ha doanh nghip,

Bng 9: Kt qu thang o ng lc da vo m hnh Kovach (1987) trong nc v th gii

Wanda Roos (2005)
Nghin cu cng ty
Mineapolis Gas 1945-1965
VHDN
vi 44.000 lao ng
S hi lng cng vic
1.An ton n nh
2.Tin b cng vic
Lnh o
3.iu kin cng vic
4. VHDN

Nguyn Ngc Lan Vy

(2010)
i ng
Lnh o
S ph hp cng vic
VHDN
ng nghip

Nghin cu ca tc gi
(2014)
Lng v ch
VHDN
Mi quan h ng nghip
iu kin lm vic
Mi quan h lnh o
S t ch cng vic
C hi o to v pht trin

Ngun do tc gi su tm 2014

ng lc lm vic ca nhn vin b nh hng bi

yu t ny. Mt c im na l khi nhn vin lm
vic ti cc doanh nghip C thng hiu, c vn
ha doanh nghip khi chuyn vic th u c
tuyn chn nhiu hn so vi nhn vin cc doanh
nghip t c thng hiu. V th cn to vn ha
doanh nghip cho Lilama.

Nhn vo Bng 8, s c mt nhm yu t Vn

ha doanh nghip trong thnh phn thang o ca
nghin cu trong nc v th gii gip cng c
thm tin cy cho kt qu nghin cu ca tc gi
khi a nhn t vn ha doanh nghip vo nghin
cu ng lc lm vic ca nhn vin trc tip sn
xut ca Lialama. Mc d trn nghin cu ca
Kovach (1987) khng nu r yu t ny.

T nghin cu ca mnh v vic so snh vi s

nghin cu ca cc nh nghin cu trong nc v
th gii, tc gi a ra cc bin php to ng
lc cho nhn vin trc tip sn xut ca Lilama
nh sau:

Thc t hin nay, ti Lilama cha c ti no

nghin cu v nh hng ca vn ha doanh
nghip vi ng lc lm vic cng nh cha xy
dng mt quy trnh vn ha doanh nghip thng
nht. Trong khi xy dng c vn ha doanh
nghip to tin cho Lilama qun l hn 25.000
lao ng vi cc mi trng tp qun khc nhau
u ha ng trong mi trng chung ca doanh
nghip. cc doanh nghip C thng hiu, c
vn ha doanh nghip th thng cc chnh sch
v lng thng, phc li, chnh sch i ng, b
tr cng vic to mi trng c thc hin tt
thc y c cc doanh nghip pht trin. Do ,

Gii php 1. Nhm nhn t to ng lc lm

vic cho nhn vin bng xy dng thng hiu v
vn ha cng ty bao gm: vn ha doanh nghip,
mi quan h ng nghip, mi quan h lnh o.
xy dng thng hiu v vn ha cng ty
cn: Xy dng thng hiu ni b, nhn din c
gi tr ct li, xy dng mi quan h tng h gia
vn ha v thng hiu, to s an tm cho cng
76

Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 35 (2014): 66-78

nhn, vic ny cn c mt nghin cu c th v

xy dng mt quy trnh vn ha cho Lilama theo
chun Chu (S c nghin cu c th ca tc gi
v lnh vc ny).

3. Bob Nelson, Blanchard Training &

Development (1991), Unpublished Doctoral
Dissertation, University of North Carolina, USA.
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(2008), Strategic Management an
Integrated Approach by, Houghton Mifflin
Company, USA.
5. Chew, Janet Cheng Lian (2004), The
influence of human resource, Murdoch
University, USA.
6. Clayton Alderfer (1972), Hc thuyt
E.R.G (Existance, Relatedness, Growth),
New York.
7. Dubrin (1995), Learship, Research findings,
practise,skill, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflan.
8. Edwin locke (1996, page 117-124), Applied
& Preventive Psychology, Cambridge
University Press. Printed in the USA
9. Farhaan Arman (2009), Employees
motivation at Areco India manufacturing
private Limited, The M.B.A Degree Course
of Bangalore University, June, 38.
10. Hackman, J. R & Oldham, G. R. (1974),
The Job Diagnosis Survey, AnInstrument for
the Diagnosis of Jobs and the Evaluation of
Job Redesign Project, Technical Report No.
4, Department of Administrative
Sciences,Yale University, USA.
11. Hackman, J.R. & Oldham, G. R. (1976,
page 16,250-279), Motivation through the
design of work, test of a theory.
Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance, New York.
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Gii php 2. Nhm nhn t to ng lc lm

vic cho nhn vin bng chnh sch i ng bao
gm: lng v ch phc li, c hi o to v
thng tin.
chnh sch i ng phc v hiu qu cho
vic thc y ton b nhn vin hng ti mc tiu
pht trin bn vng ca doanh nghip, chnh sch
i ng cn c xy dng theo cc nguyn tc
sau: C s thay i v li ch c hng phi c
tc ng ln khuyn khch CBNV lm tng
nng sut v hiu qu hn. V phi c cng khai
ton b cc thnh vin u hiu r c ch i
ng ca cng ty. Phi cng bng v hp l, n
gin d thc hin, c th cnh tranh vi doanh
nghip cng qui m, lnh vc hot ng. Lilama
c th p dng cc bin php nh: Lng theo kt
qu cng vic v kh nng, thng chc hoc trao
thm quyn hn, thng theo kt qu cng vic,
chng trnh biu dng thnh tch, trao bng
khen, bo him sc khe v bo him nhn th,
lm giu ni dung cng vic, chng trnh h tr
mua cc ti sn c gi tr ln nh nh, t, ci tin
mi trng lm vic, du lch hoc cc k ngh c
bit, thng c phiu.
Gii php 3. Nhm nhn t to ng lc lm
vic cho nhn vin bng cng vic bao gm: s t
ch cng vic v iu kin lm vic.
thc hin gii php ny th cng ty cn:
Lm cho nhn vin hiu c cng vic ca h
ng gp vo mc tiu v chin lc pht trin ca
cng ty nh th no? Nhn vin c tham gia vo
cc quyt nh nh hng n cng vic ca h,
khuyn khch nhn vin pht trin cng vic
theo hng chuyn nghip, giao quyn hn ph
hp tng ng vi trch nhim trong cng vic.
Phn cng cng vic hp l, ci thin iu kin n
lm vic ti cng trng, mc tiu cng vic ph
hp vi tng phng ban v i cng trng.
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