BT Va TN Chuong 3

[Type text]
1375 [Type text]

Bi 1. a) Hon thnh v cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau.
b) Trong trng hp phn ng xy ra trong dung dch nc hy vit chng di dng
phng trnh ion phn t.
c) Gii thch phn ng
1/ Cl2 (k) + NaOH(dd,,nng)
2/ Cl2 (k) + NaBr(dd) (thiu Clo)
3/ KClO3(dd) + Fe + H2SO4,(dd long)
4/ H2SeO4 (c,nng) + NaCl (r)
5/ NiS(r) + O2 (trong nc t > 120oC)
6/ H2S(k) + O2 (nhit thng)
7/ KMnO4 (dd) + H2O2 (dd)
8/ Co(OH)3 (r) + HCl (dd)
9/ FeCl3 (dd) + KI (dd)
Ch thch : (dd) dung dch nc
1)
3Cl2 + 6NaOH = 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
Phng trnh ion : 3Cl2 + 6OH- = 5Cl- + ClO3- + 3H2O
Gii thch : phn ng trn l phn ng oxi ha kh ni phn t . V phn ng thc hin nhit cao
nn sn phm phn ng l ClO3- ch khng phi ClO- bi v nhit cao ClO- b phn hy kh
nhanh thnh Cl- v ClO3- theo phng trnh sau :
3ClO- = 2Cl- + ClO32)
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2
Phng trnh ion phn t:
Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- + Br2
Gii thch : Cl2 l halogen hot ng hn Br2 nn oxy ha Br- ln n Br2 v c BrO3-. Do thiu Cl2,
BrO3- tc dng vi Br- to thnh Br2.
5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O 2 BrO3- + 10Cl- + 12H+
BrO3- + 5Br- + 6H+ 3Br2 + 3H2O
3)
KClO3 + 2Fe + 3H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + KCl + 3H2O
Phng trnh ion phn t: ClO3- + 2Fe + 6H+ 2Fe3+ + Cl- + 3H2O
Gii thch : ion clorat trong mi trng acid l cht oxy ha mnh ( ClO3 ,H
0
Cl
1,451V ) trong mi
trng axit nn st b oxy ha n Fe(3+). Trong trng hp thng thng, sn phm cui cng ca
clor l ion Cl(1-).
4)
H2SeO4 + 2NaCl = Na2SeO3 + Cl2 + H2O
Phng trnh ion phn t: 2H+ + SeO42- + 2Cl- = SeO32- + Cl2 + H2O
Gii thch : do hiu ng tun hon th cp, acid selenic l mt cht oxy ha rt mnh nn c th oxy
ha cloride thnh kh clor.
5)
Phn ng : NiS + 2O2 = NiSO4

Phng trnh ion phn t: NiS(r) + 2O2 = Ni2+ + SO42(phn ng xy ra trong thit b c p sut cao)
Gii thch : Phn ng xy ra gm cc giai on sau :
NiS + 3/2 O2 S + NiO
S nng chy 119,50C nn trong h nm dng lng, tan nhiu trong nc, ng thi d phn trong
nc nng:
S + H2O = H2S + H2SO3
Cc cht ny l c tnh kh c trng nn b oxy oxy ha d dng thnh acid sulfuric:
1
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1375 [Type text]
2H2S + 3O2 = 2H2SO3

2H2SO3 + O2 = 2H2SO4
H2SO4 + NiO = NiSO4 + H2O
(H2SO3 v H2S cng c th tc dng vi NiO to NiSO3 v NiS, tuy nhin kt qu cui cng vn
nh nu)
6)
2H2S + O2 = 2S + 2H2O
Gii thch : phn ng xy ra iu kin thng nn sn phm ca phn ng oxi ha kh trn l S .
Nu phn ng din ra nhit cao v trong iu kin d O2 th sn phm phn ng s l SO2 ch
khng phi l S
7)
2KMnO4 + 3H2O2 = 2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2KOH + 2H2O
Phng trnh ion phn t : 2MnO4- + 3H2O2 = 2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2OH- + 2H2O
Gii thch : phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra trong mi trng axit yu l H2O2 nn ion MnO4- b kh
thnh MnO2
8)
2Co(OH)3 + 6HCl = 2CoCl2 + Cl2 + 6H2O
Phng trnh ion phn t: 2Co(OH)3 + 6H+ = 2Co2+ + Cl2 + 6H2O
0
Gii thch : Co3+ l cht oxy ha rt mnh ( Co3 / Co2 1,81V ) nn khi ha tan cobalt(III) hydroxide
bng dung dch acid hydroclohydric, ion cobalt(3+) hon nguyn ngay ion cloride.
9)
2FeCl3 + 2KI = 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2KCl
2Fe3+ + 2I- = 2Fe2+ + I2
3+
Gii thch: Do th kh cp Fe /Fe2+ = 0,77V dng hn th kh cp I2/2I- = 0,536V nn phn ng xy
ra nh trn. iu kin phn ng ny l pH dung dch phi nh ion Fe3+ khng thy phn.
Bi 2. V sao thiosulphat c tnh kh? S oxy ha ca S trong thiosulphat l bao nhiu? Vit
phng trnh phn ng ca thiosulphat vi cc cht Cl2, Br2, I2, v hn hp dung dch KMnO4 +
H2SO4.
Cng thc cu to ca ion thiosulphat :
Hay chnh xc hn l c lin kt pi khng nh ch:
Nguyn t S trung tm c s oxi ha l +4 v nguyn t S bin c s ox ha l 0. Do nguyn t lu

hunh S(0) c tnh kh c trng v S(4+) cng c tnh kh c trng (do s oxy ha S(+6) bn) nn
thiosulfat c tnh kh c trng. Tnh kh ca thiosulfat do c hai s oxy ha ny gy ra. Tnh kh ca
thiosulfat tng trong mi trng kim.
C th thy r tnh kh ca thiosulfat qua s liu cc dy Latimer:
pH = 0
SO42- 0,17 SO32- 0,705 S2O32- 0,5 S -0,065 HS2
[Type text]
pH = 14
SO42-
1375 [Type text]
-0,93
SO32-
-0,58
S2O32-
-0,48
S2-
Sn phm phn ng oxy ha thiosulfat cn ph thuc vo mnh cht oxy ha. Vi cc cht oxy
ha mnh nh Clor, Brom, Permanganate (trong mi trng acid) th sn phm oxy ha thiosulfat ln
n sulfat, nu cht oxy ha khng mnh nh iod th ch ln mt mc oxy ha trung gian:
S2O32- + 4Cl2 + 5H2O = 2H2SO4 + 6HCl + 2ClS2O32- + 4Br2 + 5H2O = 2H2SO4 + 6HBr- + 2Cl5S2O32- + 8KMnO4 + 7H2SO4 = 8MnSO4 + 4K2SO4 + 5SO42- + 7H2O
2S2O32- + I2 = S4O62- + 2IBi 3. C th da vo c im no ca nguyn t gii thch quy tc chn l Mendeleev cho
cc nguyn t khng chuyn tip. Quy tc ny c ng cho nguyn t chuyn tip hay khng?
C th da vo nhng c im sau y:
1) Da vo s electron ha tr ch nm trn lp lng t ngoi cng v c s lng bng ng s th
t phn nhm.
2) S electron c thn ca nguyn t nm trng thi khng kch thch v cc trng thi kch
thch ca phn nhm l lun l s l v ca phn nhm chn lun l s chn.
3) Ch cn nng lng kch thch nh cng electron c thn trn lp lng t ngoi cng
tham gia to lin kt.
Qui tc chn l khng p dng cho cc nguyn t chuyn tip v khng tha mn c im 1 trong
phn trn.
Bi 4. Th kh chun 250C ca cc cp lin hp Xn+/ X(n-2)+ pH = 0 ca cc nguyn t phn
nhm VIIA, VIA , VA, IVA & IIIA c gi tr nh sau:
Chu k
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
Qu trnh kh
Phn nhm VIIA
ClO4- + 2H+ + 2e ClO3- + H2O
BrO4- + 2H+ + 2e BrO3- + H2O
H5IO6 + H+ + 2e IO3- + 3H2O
Hp cht ca At s oxy ha +7 khng tn ti
trong dung dch nc v c tnh oxy ha rt
mnh.
Phn nhm VIA
SO42- + 4H+ + 2e = H2SO3 + H2O
SeO42- + 4H+ + 2e = H2SeO3 + H2O
H6TeO6 + 2H+ + 2e = TeO2 (r) + 4H2O
Hp cht ca Po s oxy ha +6 khng tn ti
trong dung dch nc v c tnh oxy ha qu
mnh.
Phn nhm VA
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e = H3PO3 + H2O
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e = HAsO2 + 2H2O
Sb2O5 (r) + 6H+ + 2e = 2SbO+ + 3H2O
NaBiO3 (r) + 4H+ + 2e = BiO+ + Na+ + 2H2O
3
ooxh/kh(V)
+1,19
+1,763
+1,64
+0,17
+1,15
+ 1,02
-0,276
+0,56
+0,58
> +1,8
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3
4
5
6
3
4
5
1375 [Type text]

Phn nhm IVA
Hp cht ca Si s oxy ha +2 khng tn ti
trong dung dch nc v c tnh kh qu mnh.
GeO2 (r) + 2H+ + 2e = GeO (r) + H2O
SnO2 (r) + 2H+ + 2e = SnO (r) + H2O
PbO2 (r) + 4H+ + 2e = Pb2+ + 2H2O
Phn nhm IIIA
Hp cht ca Al s oxy ha +1 khng tn ti
Hp cht ca Ga s oxy ha +1 khng tn ti
In3+ + 2e = In+
Tl3+ + 2e = Tl+
-0,12
-0,088
+1,455
-0,444
+1,28
a) Anh ch hy s dng cu trc electron ca cc nguyn t gii thch quy lut tng
tnh oxy ha ca cc hp cht cha cc nguyn t khng chuyn tip mc oxy ha
dng cao nht cc chu k 4 v 6. (Quy lut tun hon th cp).
b) Trong mt chu k t tri qua phi tnh oxy ha ca cc hp cht cha nguyn t
khng chuyn tip mc oxy ha dng cao nht (+n) tng hay gim dn? Gii thch
tnh bin i c quy lut ny?
c) Trong mt chu k t tri qua phi tnh kh ca cc hp cht cha nguyn t khng
chuyn tip p mc oxy ha dng nh hn mc cao nht hai n v (+(n-2)) thay i
nh th no? c tnh quy lut khng?
a) Trong cng phn nhm chnh, khi i t trn xung do tnh kim loi tng dn bn mc oxy
ha dng cao phi tng dn. Tuy nhin, do hin tng tun hon th cp, th kh cc cp
Men+/Me(n-2)+ chu k 4 ln hn r rt so vi chu k 3, cng nh chu k 6 ln r rt so vi chu k
5. Nguyn nhn ca hin tng tun hon th cp l do nguyn t p chu k 4 ln u tin c
thm phn lp d (3d10 ) cha y electron, v nguyn t p chu k 6 ln u tin xut hin phn
lp f (4f10) cha y electron. Vic xut hin ny lm tng t ngt s proton ht nhn, dn
n lm tng bt thng lc ht ca ht nhn i vi i electron ns. Kt qu trng thi 4s2
(chu k 4) v 6s2 (chu k 6) c bn cao. Do mc oxy ha cao nht ca cc nguyn t p
thuc 2 chu k ny km bn r rt so vi cc nguyn t ca cc chu k ng trc chng.
b) Trong 1 chu k t tri qua phi tnh oxy ho ca nguyn t khng chuyn tip mc oxy ho
dng cao nht tng dn. T tri sang phi in tch ht nhn (Z) tng ln nhng s lp
electron khng thay i, do lc ht ht nhn i vi lp v electron tng, cc electron ns
chu nh hng nhiu hn cc electron np nn hiu nng Enp-ns tng, do kh nng nhn thm
electron t cu hnh bn cng tng, dn n tnh oxy ho tng. (xem bng)
Hiu nng lng Enp Ens trong cc nguyn t cc chu k 2, 3 v 4 (kJ/mol)
Chu k 2
Chu k 3
Chu k 4
Nguyn t
E2p E2s
Nguyn t
E3p E3s
Nguyn t
E4p E4s
Li
183
Na
203
K
-
Be
270
Mg
261
Ca
-
B
550
Al
511
Ga
-
C
782
Si
675
Ge
791
N
1100
P
830
As
811
O
1824
S
965
Se
975
F
2181
Cl
1187
Br
1139
Ne
2586
Ar
1303
Kr
1274
c) p dng ngha cp oxy ha kh lin hp v suy t cu b rt ra trong mt chu k t tri qua

phi tnh kh ca cc hp cht cha nguyn t khng chuyn tip p mc oxy ha dng nh
hn mc cao nht hai n v (+(n-2)) gim dn.
4
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1375 [Type text]
Bi 5. Cho bit mc xy ra trong dung dch nc ca cc phn ng di y. Vit cc phn
ng xy ra di dng phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion-phn t.
a) KMnO4 + KCl + H2SO4
b) KMnO4 + KCl ( trong mi trng kim m c) K2MnO4 +
c) K2CrO4 + Na2S + H2O
d) K2Cr2O7 + KCl + H2SO4
e) Br2 + Cl2 + H2O
Cho bit th kh chun 250C ca mt s cht:
Bn phn ng kh
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 3e = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
CrO42- + 4H2O + 3e = Cr(OH)3(r) + 5OHCl2 (k) + 2e = 2Cl5MnO42- + 8H+ + 5e = Mn2+ + 4H2O
MnO42- + e = MnO42S (r) +2e = S2Br2 + 2e = 2Br2BrO3- + 12H+ + 10e = Br2 + 6H2O
2ClO3- + 12H+ + 10e = Cl2 (k) + 6H2O
o(V)
+1,33
-0,13
+1,359
+ 1,51
+ 0,56
-0,48
+1,087
+1,52
+1,47
pH
0
14
0
14
0
0
a) Phng trnh phn t:

2KMnO4 + 10KCl +8H2SO4 = 2MnSO4 + 6K2SO4 + 5Cl2 +8H2O
Phng trnh ion - phn t:
2 MnO4 10Cl 16 H 2 Mn 2 5Cl2 8 H 2O
Ta c:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e = Mn2+ + 4H2O
o(V) =+ 1,51 (1)
Cl2 (k) + 2e = 2Clo (V) =+1,359 (2)
C: o = o(1) - o(2) = 1,51 -1,359 = 0,151 (V)
G0p,298 = -nF o = -10 x 96500 x 0,151 = -145.7 (kJ)
Vy v phng din nhit ng ha hc phn ng oxy ha kh trn xy ra hon ton.
b) Phng trnh phn t:
8KMnO4 + KCl + 8KOH = 8K2MnO4 + KClO4 + 4H2O
8 MnO4 Cl 8OH 8 MnO42 ClO4 4 H 2O
Ta c pH = 14:
2
MnO4- + e = MnO4
o(V) = + 0,56 (1)
ClO4- + 4H2O + 8e = Cl- + 8OHo (V) = + 0,56 (2)
C: o = o(1) - o(2) = 0.56 -0,56 = 0 (V)
G0p,298 = -nF o = -2 x 96500 x 0 = 0 (kJ)
pH = 14 Kcb,p = 1, vy khi pH ln hn 14 phn ng s chuyn dch sang phi.
Phn ng xy ra trong mi trng kim m c.
c) Phng trnh phn t:
2K2CrO4 + 3Na2S + 8H2O = 2Cr(OH)3+ 4KOH + 6NaOH + 3S
2CrO4 2 3S 2 8 H 2O 2Cr (OH )3 10OH 3S
pH = 14 ta c:
CrO42- + 4H2O + 3e = Cr(OH)3(r) + 5OHo(V) = -0,13 (1)
5
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1375 [Type text]
2S (r) + 2e = S
o(V) = -0,48 (2)
C: o = o(1) - o(2) = -0,13 +0,48 = 0,35 (V)
G0p,298 = -nF o = -6 x 96500 x 0,35 = -202,6 (kJ)
Vy v phng din nhit ng ha hc phn ng oxy ha kh trn xy ra hon ton.
d) Phng trnh phn t:
K2Cr2O7 + 6KCl +7H2SO4 = Cr2(SO4)3 +4K2SO4 + 3Cl2 +7H2O
Cr2O7 2 6Cl 14 H 2Cr 3 3Cl2 7 H 2O
pH = 0 ta c:
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
o(V) = +1,33 (1)
Cl2 (k) + 2e = 2Clo(V) = +1,359 (2)
C: o = o(1) - o(2) = 1,33 -1,359 = -0,029 (V)
G0p,298 = -nF o = -6 x 96500 x(- 0,029) = 16,791 (kJ)
Vy v phng din nhit ng ha hc phn ng oxy ha kh trn c th xy ra mt phn (phn
ng thun nghch) pH = 0.
V th kh ca cp Cr2O72-/Cr3+ ph thuc pH cn cp Cl2/Cl- khng ph thuc pH, vic tng nng
H+ lm phn ng chuyn dch mnh v bn phi.
Tnh pH op = 0
1,359 = 1,33 +
0,059
lg[ H ]14 (*)
6
Gii (*) thu c lg[H+] = 0,189 = lg100,189

[H+] = 100,189 = 1,54 iong/l
Nh vy, khi nng [H+] > 1,54 iong/l th op > 0, phn ng xy ra.
e) Phng trnh phn t:
Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O = 2HBrO3 + 10 HCl
Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O = 2BrO3- +12H+ + 10Cl pH = 0 ta c:
Cl2(k) + 2e = 2Clo (V) = +1,359 (1)
2BrO3- + 12H+ + 10e = Br2 + 6H2O
o(V) = + 1,52 (2)
C: o = o(1) - o(2) = 1,359 1,52 = -0,161 (V)
G0p,298 = -nF o = -10 x 96500 x (-0,161) = 155,36 (kJ)
Vy phn ng oxy ha kh trn khng xy ra pH = 0. Tuy nhin, v th kh ca cp BrO3-/Br2
gim nhanh khi tng pH cn th kh ca cp Cl2/Cl- khng thay i, nn phn ng c th xy
ra pH > 0.
Tm pH op = 0
1,359 = 1,52 +
0,059
lg[ H ]12 (1)
10
Gii (1) thu c: lg[H+] = -2,27 = lg10-2,27 ,

suy ra khi nng [H+] < 10-2,27 th op > 0, phn ng xy ra.
Bi 6. Th kh chun 250C ca cc hp cht ca mangan trong mi trng acid ( pH = 0) v
trong mi trng base (pH = 14) c gi tr nh sau :
1) [H+] = 1iong/lit
+1,51
MnO4-
+0,564
MnO42-
+2,26
MnO2
+0,95
Mn3+
+1,70
+1,23
+1,51
Mn2+
-1,19
Mn
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
2) [H+] = 1.10-14iong/lit
MnO4-
+0,564
MnO42-
+0,60
MnO2
-0,15
Mn(OH)3
+0,60
+0,1
Mn(OH)2
-1,56
Mn
_-0,025
T cc gi tr th cho hy nhn xt:

a) Hp cht no ca mangan khng bn, d b phn hy?
b) Tnh cht oxy ha-kh ca cc hp cht ca mangan thay i nh th no khi pH mi
trng thay i?
c) Hp cht no ca mangan khng bn trong kh quyn ca tri t?
d) Cc mc oxy ha bn ca mangan trong mi trng acid, mi trng base?
Cho bit th kh ca oxy trong cc mi trng c pH khc nhau:
+1,229V (pH = 0) ;
+ 0,815V (pH = 7) ; +0,401V (pH = 14).
Trong mi trng acid pH = 0, cc ion MnO42- v Mn3+ khng bn do phn ng d phn do th
kh rt chnh lch gia cc cp MnO42-/MnO2 >> MnO4-/MnO42- v Mn3+/Mn2+ >> MnO2/Mn3+.
Trong mi trng base pH = 14, cc ion MnO42- v Mn(OH)3 cng b d phn mt phn v th
kh ca cp MnO42-/ MnO2 > MnO4-/MnO42- v Mn(OH)3/Mn(OH)2 > MnO2/Mn(OH)3.
b) Tnh oxy ha gim nhanh khi pH chuyn t 0 n 14, ng thi tnh kh tng ln.
c) Mi trng tri t c pH nm trong khong acid yu n base yu. Khng kh c tnh oxy ha
cn trn mt t c tnh kh ca cc cht hu c to ra t s phn hy sinh vt.
T y rt ra, cc cht c tnh oxy ha mnh s b cht hu c kh, cc cht c tnh kh s b
oxy khng kh oxy ha.
Cn c vo th pH -0 ca cc hp cht mangan, rt ra trong kh quyn oxy 0 = 1,29V)
iu kin pH trung gian (5 9) MnO2 l hp cht bn nht, cn trong mi trng kh, pH = 5
-7 , ion Mn2+ bn nht. Nh vy, cc dng hp cht cn li l km bn: MnO4- , Mn(OH)2,
Mn(OH)3
a)
d) Trong mi trng acid (pH = 0): Ngoi cc ion MnO42- v Mn3+ khng bn (b d ly) nh
0
cp cu a, theo gi tr th kh MnO4- l cht oxy ha mnh ( MnO4 / Mn 2 1,51V ), MnO2 l
7
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
0
cht oxy ha trung bnh ( MnO2 / Mn 2 1,23V v Mn2+ rt bn vng. Nu khng c mt cht
kh th 3 dng nu trn ca mangan u bn, nu c mt cht kh th MnO4 v MnO2 b kh
n Mn2+.
Trong mi trng base, ngoi cc cht MnO42- v Mn(OH)3 t hy (b d ly) mt phn nh
nu trong cu a, cc cht v ion MnO4-, MnO2, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, Mn(OH)2 u c th tn ti. Xt
theo th kh khi c mt cht oxy ha Mn(OH)2 , Mn3O4, Mn2O3 c th chuyn thnh MnO2. Khi
c mt cht kh MnO4, MnO42- c th chuyn v MnO2.
Bi 7. Th kh chun 250C ca cp oxy ha-kh lin hp Cu+/Cu c cho di y:
Qu trnh kh
o(V)
Cu+ + 1e Cu
0,521
Cho bit tch s tan ca ng(I) cloride, ng(I) bromide v ng(I) iodide c cc gi tr
nh sau:
TCuCl = 1,2.10-6
TCuBr = 5,2.10-9
TCuI = 1,1.10-12
Hy tnh th kh chun 250C ca cc bn phn ng kh sau :
a) CuCl + 1e Cu + Clb) CuBr + 1e Cu + Brc) CuI + 1e Cu + IT cc kt qu tnh c, anh (ch) cho nhn xt:
+ C mi lin h g khng gia kh nng oxy ha ca Cu(I) trong cc hp cht halogenide
vi tnh tan ca cc hp cht ?
a)
b)
CuCl/Cu.Cl-
CuBr/Cu.Br-
Cu+/Cu
+ 0,059lg TCuCl = 0,521 + 0,059lg (1,2.10-6) = 0.172 (V)
Cu+/Cu
+ 0,059lg TCuBr = 0,521+ 0,059lg(5,2.10-9) = 0,032(V)
c) CuI/Cu.I- = Cu+/Cu + 0,059lg TCuI = 0,521 + 0,059lg(1,110-12) = - 0,185(V)

T kt qu trn ta thy rng hp cht ng(I) halogenide cng t tan th kh nng oxy ha ca Cu(I)
cng yu.
Bi 8. Cho bit:
Qu trnh kh
o(V)
Au3+ + 3e Au
1,50
Cho bit hng s khng bn ton phn ca cc phc AuX4- c cc gi tr nh sau :
[AuCl4-] = 2.10-21,3
[AuBr4-] = 1.10-31,5 [Au(SCN)4-] = 1.10-42
Tnh th kh chun 250C ca cc bn phn ng kh sau
a) AuCl4- + 3e Au + 4Clb) AuBr4- + 3e Au + 4Brc) Au(SCN)4- + 3e Au + 4SCNT cc kt qa thu c rt ra mi lin h gia kh nng oxy ha ca Au(III) vi bn
ca phc cht ca Au(III).
0
0
a) [ AuCl4 ] Au 3
Au
b)
Au
0,059
0,059
lg K kb,[ AuCl ] 1,5
lg(2.10 21, 3 ) 1,08V
4
3
3
[0AuBr ] 0Au 3
4
Au
Au
0
0
c) [ Au ( CN )4 ] Au3
Au
Au
0,059
0,059
lg K kb ,[ AuBr ] 1,5
lg(1.10 31,5 ) 0,881V
4
3
3
0,059
0,059
lg K kb,[ Au ( CN ) ] 1,5
lg(1.10 42 ) 0,674V
4
3
3
8
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Nhn xt: phc vng(III) cng bn th tnh oxy ha ca vng(III) cng yu
Bi 9. Hy gii thch ti sao ion Co3+ oxy ha nc gii phng oxy, trong khi nu c mt
amoniac vi nng m c th Co(II) d dng b oxy khng kh oxy ha ln Co(III)?
Cho bit : Th kh ca cc cp oxy ha-kh lin hp bng :
Qu trnh kh
o(V)
Co3+ + e = Co2+
+1,84
pH = 0
O2(k) + 4H+ + 4e = 2H2O
+1,23
pH = 0
O2(k) + 2H2O + 4e = 4OH
+0,401
pH = 14
V hng s khng bn ca cc phc cht :
Kkb [Co(NH3)6]2+ = 1.10-4,39 ; Kkb [Co(NH3)6]3+ = 1.10-35,21
Khi c mt ammoniac, c s to phc ammin vi c ion Co2+ v c ion Co3+, nn bn phn ng(1):
Co3+ + e Co2+ (1)
Chuyn thnh:
[Co(NH3)6]3+ + e = [Co(NH3)6]2+
T y :
0
[ Co ( NH 3 )6 ]3
[ Co ( NH 3 )6 ]
0
Co3
Co
0,059 lg
K kb,[Co ( NH ) ]3
3 6
K kb,[ Co( NH ) ]2
3 6
1.10 35, 21
1,84 0,059 lg
0,022V
1.10 4,39
So snh th kh ca Co(III)/Co(II) khi khng c v c mt ammoniac vi th kh ca oxy iu

kin pH = 0 v pH = 14, c th thy ion Co3+ c kh nng oxy ha nc ngay pH =0, ngc li oxy
khng kh trong mi trng c mt ammoniac d dng oxy ha Co(II) thnh Co(III).
Bi 10. Cho bit cc th kh chun 250C ca cc cp oxy ha kh lin hp sau :
Bn phn ng kh
o(V) pH
1,63
0
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e Cl2 + 2H2O
1,36
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl
0,535
I2 (r) + 2e 2I
+
1,19
0
IO3 + 6H + 6e I + 3H2O
a) Tnh th kh chun 250C ca cc cp oxy ha-kh lin hp HClO/Cl- v
b) Tnh xem phn ng di y c xy ra pH = 13 hay khng?
3ClO- + I- 3Cl- + IO3a) + Tnh th kh chun ca cp oxy ha kh lin hp HClO/Cl2HClO + 2H+ + 2e Cl2 + 2H2O (1)
= -n1F
Cl2 +
2e 2Cl(2)
Ly (1) + (2) c:
2(HClO + H+ + 2e Cl- + H2O ) (3)
= -n2F
2x(
= -n3F
n110 n2 20
= (2 x 1,63+2 x 1,36)/2x2 = 1,495V
3=
n3
+ Tnh th kh ca cp oxy ha kh lin hp IO3-/I2
IO3- + 6H+ + 6e I- + 3H2O (1)
= -n1F
I2 (r) + 2e 2ILy 2x(1) - (2) c:
(2)
= -n2F
9
1
2
IO3-/I2.
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
+
2IO3 + 12H +10e I2 (r) +6H2O (3)
= -n3F
2n1 n2
2 6 1,19 2 0,535
=
= 1,321V
10
n3
b) Phn ng :
3ClO- + I- 3Cl- + IO3Xy ra pH = 13 gm hai bn phn ng kh:
IO3- + 3H2O + 6e I- + 6OHClO- + H2O + 2e Cl- + 2OHTnh th kh cho hai bn phn ng ny:
Xut pht t bn phn ng pH = 0:
IO3- + 6H+ + 6e I- + 3H2O
= 1,19V
C th kh chun pH = 13:
1 0
0
1
0
2
0,059
0,059
lg[ H ]6 1,19
lg(10 13 ) 6 0,423V
6
6
Xut pht t bn phn ng pH = 0:

2HClO + 2H+ + 4e Cl2 + 2H2O
o =1,63V
C th kh chun pH = 13:
0,059
[ H ]4
0,059 (10 13 ) 4
2 0
lg 2
1,63
lg
1,078V
4
K a ,HCLO
4
(10 7,3 ) 2
0p = 2 1 = 1,078 0,423 = 0,655V
G0 p = -nF0p = -6 x 96500 x 0,655 = -379,245 (kJ)
Vy v phng din nhit ng ha hc phn ng:
3ClO- + I- 3Cl- + IO3c th xy ra hon ton pH = 13.
Bi 11: Trong s nhng ion sau y ion no l cc cht kh mnh, ion no l nhng cht oxy ha
mnh, ion no tnh oxy ha v tnh kh u yu.
a) Cr(H2O)62+ b) Cr(H2O)63+ c) CrO42d) Cr2O72e) MoO42f) WO42C cn phi tnh n mi trng khi nhn xt khng? V sao?
Cho bit:
Cr2O72- 0,55 CrO43- 1,72 Cr3+ -0,424 Cr2+ -0,9 Cr (acid)
CrO42- -0,11 Cr(OH)3 -1,33 Cr
(base)
CrO42_ -0,72 Cr(OH)4- -1,33 Cr (base)
H2MoO4 0,546 MoO2 -0,008 Mo3+ -0,2
Mo (acid)
MoO42- -0,78 MoO2 -0.98 Mo (base)
WO3 -0,029 W2O5 -0,031 WO2 -0,119 W (acid)
WO42- -1,259 WO2 -0,982 W (base)
Nguyn tc xem xt:
Khi nh gi cn xc nh sn phm bn (s oxy ha bn).
+ nh gi kh nng oxy ha ca cht trong mi trng acid,
+ nh gi kh nng kh ca cht trong mi trng base,
+ Cht l cht kh rt mnh nu c tnh kh kh mnh ngay trong trong mi trng acid
+ Cht l cht oxy ha rt mnh nu n th hin r tnh cht ny ngay trong mi trng base.
Nhn xt: Ion CrO43- l cht oxy ha rt mnh trong mi trng acid v cp oxy ha kh lin hp
CrO43-/Cr3+ c 0 = 1,72 rt ln. Tuy nhin ion ny khng tn ti trong dung dch nc iu kin ny,
n t phn hy hon ton theo phn ng:
2CrO43- + CrO43- + 10H+ = Cr2O72- + Cr3+ + 5H2O
0 = 1,72 0,55 = 1,17
10
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]

G p,298 = -225,81kJ/mol
Theo dy latimer ca Cr trong mi trng acid, dng bn nht l Cr3+, nn b sung thm nh sau:
Cr2O72- 0,55 CrO43- 1,72 Cr3+ -0,424 Cr2+ -0,9 Cr (acid)
0
1,33
Cht oxy ha mnh:

- Ion Cr2O72- , CrO42- trong mi trng acid
Gia ion CrO42- v ion Cr2O72- c cn bng thun nghch:
Cr2O72- + 2OH- 2CrO42- + H2O
Ion dicromat bn trong mi trng acid v ion cromat bn trong mi trng kim, v vy cng c th
nhn xt ion cromat c tnh oxy ha mnh trong mi trng acid.
Cht kh mnh:
Ion Cr2+ c tnh kh kh mnh ngay trong mi trng acid do th kh cp Cr3+/Cr2+ = -0,424V kh
m. Trong thc t, ion Cr2+ khng tn ti trong dung dch nc, n b oxy khng kh oxy ha nhanh
thnh Cr3+.
4Cr2+ + O2(k) + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3
( O2(k) + 2H2O + 4e 4OH = +0,401V)
Khi khng c mt oxy th Cr2+ kh ion H+ hay kh nc:
pH = 0
2H+ + 2e H2
= 0,000V
2+
+
Nn xy ra phn ng:
2Cr + 2H = 2Cr3+ + H2
pH = 7
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH = - 0,41V
2+
Nn xy ra phn ng:
2Cr + 2H2O = 2Cr(OH)2+ + H2
Trong mi trng base, cc cht Cr(OH)4- ( = -0,72V), MoO2 ( = -0,78V), WO2 ( = -1,259V)
c tnh kh kh mnh.
Cr kim loi l cht kh kh mnh trong mi trng acid ( = -0,9V), trong mi trng base ( =
-1,33V) tnh kh tng ln. (nhng thng b ph mt lp crom(III) hydroxide ngn cn kim loi phn
ng)
Cc trng hp cn li u l cht oxy ha yu trong mi trng acid v l cht kh yu trong mi
trng base.
Khi phn tch kh nng oxy ha kh ca cht nht thit phi ch n mi trng phn ng.
Bi 12: Da vo dy latimer ca st hy cho bit:
a) oxy ha cc hp cht ca st(II) ln st(III) phn ng trong mi trng no xy ra d
dng hn?
b) C th dng oxy khng kh oxy ha st(II) ln st(III) trong mi trng acid? Trong mi
trng kim?
c) oxy ha cc hp cht ca st(III) ln st(VI) nn tin hnh phn ng trong mi trng
acid hay mi trng kim?
Cho bit:
FeO42- > 1,9 Fe3+ 0,771 Fe2+ -0,44 Fe (acid)
FeO42- 0,55
Fe(OH)3 -0,56 Fe(OH)2 -0,877 Fe (base)
a) & b) Xt phn ng oxy ha Fe(II) bng oxy khng kh trong mi trng acid
4 Fe2+ + O2 + 4 H+ 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O (l)
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
o = 0,771V
O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O
o = 1,23V
Ta c : 0p = 1,23 0,77 = 0,46V
G0p,298 = -177,56kJ/mol
Nn phn ng (1) xy ra.
Xt phn ng oxy ha Fe(II) bng oxy khng kh trong mi trng kim:
Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H2O 2 Fe(OH)3 (2)
11
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Fe(OH)3 + 1 e Fe(OH)2 + OHo= -0,56V
O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4 OHo = 0,401V
Ta c : 0p = 0,401 (- 0,56) = 0,961V
G0p,298 = -307,95kJ/mol
Nn phn ng (2) xy ra
V phng din nhit ng ha hc phn ng oxy ha Fe(II) thnh Fe(III) bi oxy khng kh xy ra
c trong mi trng acid v mi trng base, trong phn ng trong mi trng base thun li hn.
(V phng din ng hc, phn ng trong mi trng base c tc cao hn hn trong mi trng
acid)
c) S liu trn gin latimer cho thy mun oxy ha Fe(III) ln Fe(VI) phi tin hnh trong mi
trng base. Ion FeO42- khng th tn ti trong mi trng acid v vi th kh cp FeO42-/Fe3+ = 1,9V,
ion ferat(VI) d dng oxy ha nc, gii phng oxy.
4FeO42- + 12H+ = 4 Fe3+ + 3O2 + 12H2O
Bi 13. Trong phng th nghim, iu ch thuc tm ngi ta lm nh sau: Cn tht nhanh 3 g
KOH (v KOH ht m) cho vo chn st ri trn vi 2,5 g KClO3 v un nng cho hn hp nng
chy hon ton, ri cho t t tng lng nh n ht 1,5 g MnO2. Dng a khuy u trong khi
thm MnO2. Sau khi ht MnO2, cho vo l nung 6000C khong 20 pht, cho n khi hn hp
phn ng xut hin mu xanh lc. Ly ra, ngui. Ha tan sn phm bng 50 ml nc ct.
Cho tt c hn hp thu c sau khi ha tan vo cc 150 ml ri em trung ha dung dch
ny bng cch thm t t vo cc 1 lng HCl 2N cho ti khi dung dch c mu tm hn. Lc thu
sn phm.
Vit phng trnh phn ng cho tng giai on v gii thch? Vai tr ca HCl? C th
thay th bng nhng cht g?
Gii thch ti sao khng bao gi thu c 100% sn phm nh mong mun?
Cc giai on :
* KOH, KClO3 un nng
hn hp nng chy KOH, KClO3
* Cho MnO2 vo, to hn hp KOH, KClO3, MnO2.

* Cho vo l nung 600oC , ta s c phng trnh phn ng sau :
KClO3 + 6KOH + 3MnO2 600oC
3K2MnO4 + KCl + 3H2O (1)
Sau 20, thy xut hin mu xanh lc, chnh l K2MnO4.
Gii thch: Trn Gin pH - (dng t gi tr dy Latimer ca Mangan) cho thy pH > 13, ion
clorat bt u oxy ha c mangan dioxide ln manganat theo phn ng (1). Phn ng (1) cng dch
chuyn sang phi khi mi trng c kim cng cao.
* Ha tan sp bng 50ml nc ct, trung ha t t bng HCl 2N, n khi dung dch c mu tm
hn. giai on ny xy ra hai phn ng:
Phn ng trung ha KOH bng HCl:
HCl + KOH = KCl + H2O (2)
vi vic pH gim, xy ra phn ng t oxy ha t kh ca ion manganat:
3K2MnO4 + 2H2O = 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 4KOH (3)
Gii thch: Gin pH - cho thy khi thn HCl lm gim pH < 15 th phn ng (3) bt u xy
ra. Phn ng (3) xy ra n cng ngay khi pH < 12.
HCl y ng vai tr cht trung ha kim KOH phn ng t oxy ha t kh ca ion
manganat xy ra n cng. Nh vy, c th s dng cc acid khc khng c tnh kh thay th cho HCl.
Phn ng (3) hon nguyn li mt lng MnO2, v vy hiu sut phn ng (tnh theo MnO2 hay
KClO3) u khng th t 100%.
(sinh vin c th lp lun trc tip t gin Latimer)
12
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Bi 14. Clorua ng (I) l nguyn liu dng iu ch thuc tr nm cho cy trng (ng(II)
oxycloride) v bt mu xanh ng Phtalocyanin dng nhiu trong sn v vt liu xy dng. Mt
quy trnh sn xut clorua ng (I) nh sau: Trn 1 phn (khi lng) CuSO4.5H2O, 2 phn
NaCl, 1 phn Cu kim loi v 10 phn nc. un hn hp trn trong bnh kn cho n khi dung
dch t mu xanh bin tr nn khng c mu (dung dch A). Tch dung dch A khi phn cn,
pha long dung dch A bng nc, CuCl kt tinh.
a) Vit cc phn ng chnh c trong quy trnh (phng trnh y v phng trnh
ion- phn t). Gii thch c s ca quy trnh sn xut trn.
b) NaCl ng vai tr g trong phn ng iu ch CuCl? C th s dng mui no khc
thay cho mui n? Cho v d.
c) Tnh nng ng (II) sulfat khi h phn ng t n cn bng.
Cho bit: Tch s tan ca CuCl T = 10-5,92.
Hng s khng bn ca phc triclorocuprat(I) [CuCl3]2- K = 10-5,63
Phc [CuCl3]2 khng c mu.
Phc tetraaqua ng(II) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ c mu xanh bin.
Cc gi tr th kh:
Qu trnh kh
o(V)
Cu2+ + 2e = Cu +0,337
Cu+ + e = Cu
+0,521
Cu2+ + e = Cu+
+0,153
Tr li:
a) *Khi un nng hn hp gm dung dch CuSO4, NaCl v ng kim loi, phn ng xy ra:
CuSO4 + 6NaCl + Cu = 2Na2[CuCl3] + Na2SO4 (1)
Cu2+ + 6Cl- + Cu = 2[CuCl3]2- (1)
Gii thch: Phn ng ny din ra c v c mt ion cloride nng ln to phc
tricloridocuprat(I) tan.
Khi khng c ion Cloride phn ng (2) di khng xy ra:
Cu2+ + Cu = 2Cu+ (2)
0 = 0(Cu2+/Cu+) - 0(Cu+/Cu) = 0,153 0,521 = -0,368V < 0
Tuy nhin khi c mt ion Cloride, tnh oxy ha ca ion Cu2+ tng r rt v ion Cl- to phc bn vi
ion Cu+.
Cu2+ + 3Cl- + e = CuCl3213
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]

1
0(Cu2+/CuCl32-) = 0,153 + 0,059lg K
= 0,485V
CuCl
2
3
2-
CuCl3 + e = Cu + 3Cl
0(CuCl32-/Cu) = 0,521 + 0,059lg K CuCl32 = 0,189V
Phn ng: Cu2+ + 6Cl- + Cu = 2[CuCl3]2C 0 = 0(Cu2+/CuCl32-) - 0(CuCl32-/Cu) = 0,485 0,189 = 0,292V >0
G0p,298 = -nF0 = -96500x0,292 = -28,178 kJ/mol
**Khi pha long dung dch thu c sau phn ng, nng ion cloride gim xung, cn bng chuyn
dch v pha phn ly phc gip cho kt ta CuCl xut hin:
Na2[CuCl3]
H O 2NaCl + CuCl(r)
[CuCl3]2- H O CuCl(r) + 2Clb) NaCl ng vai tr cung cp ion Cloride to phc tricloridocuprat(I). C th dng cc mui
cloride khc tha iu kin c tan ln trong nc v cation khng thy phn. (KCl, CaCl2)
c) Tnh nng Cu2+ trong cn bng:
Cu2+ + 6Cl- + Cu 2[CuCl3]2*Tnh nng ban u ca ng(II) sulfat v natri chloride
Lc ban u: 1 phn CuSO4.5H2O (M(CuSO4) =159,5), 2 phn NaCl (M = 58,5), 10 phn nc , 1
phn Cu kim loi.
Tnh nng ban u ca ng(II) sulfat v Natri cloride: quy cho 10g nc (ly t trng ca nc
=1g/ml):
Hn hp ban u gm 1g CuSO4.5H2O (trong c 0,36g nc v 6,64g CuSO4 = 4,008.10-3
mol) v 2g NaCl = 1,709.10-2 mol trong 10,36 ml nc
(10ml nc cho vo v 0,36ml nc trong ng(II) sulfat), rt ra:
Nng mol ban u ca CuSO4:
2
4,008.10 3 1000
0,387mol / l
10,36
CCuSO4
Nng mol ca NaCl:

C NaCl
3,419.10 2 1000
3,30mol / l
10,36
** Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng (1)

Cu2+ + 6Cl- + Cu = 2[CuCl3]2G0p,298 = -2,303RTlgKcb = -28178J/mol
lg K cb
28178
4,94 K cb 10 4 ,94
2,303 298 8,314
*** Tnh nng ng(II) sulfat lc cn bng:

t a l lng CuSO4 phn ng, b l lng CuSO4 cn li khi phn ng cn bng:
b = 0,387 a
Cu2+
Ban u:
0,387
Lc cn bng: b
+ 6Cl+
3,3
(3,3 -6a)
K cb
Cu (r)
( 2a ) 2
10 4,94
b (3,3 6a ) 6
2[CuCl3]20
2a
(3)
V Kcb rt ln, lng NaCl v ng kim loi ly d, chng ta gi thit rng c th coi nh ton b
ng(II) sulfat phn ng ht, vy a 0,387.
Thay gi tr a vo biu thc (3) c:
b
( 2 0,387) 2
7,86.14
10 6 mol / l
(3,3 6 0,387)6 .104, 94
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Gi tr b cho thy gi thit t ra l ng.

Bi 15. Ngi ta iu ch kh clo bng cch cho vo bnh cu 10 g MnO2 v 15ml HCl m c.
un hn hp trn bng n cn cho si khong 20 pht. Cht kh bay ra c thu vo 3 l: L 1
khng ng g cha kh clo; l 2 ng 1/2 l nc; l 3 cha khong 15ml NaOH long. Gii
thch v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Vai tr ca MnO2? C th thay th bng cht g
khc?
Trong l 2 v l 3 cha cht g? Nn dng dung dch trong l no lm cht ty mu qun o?
V sao?
Bnh cu: Bt MnO2 mu en tan vo dung dch HCl c nng, to thnh dung dch gn nh khng
mu v c kh Cl2 mu vng lc thot ra. y l phn ng oxy ho - kh. MnO2 l cht oxy ho, HCl
l cht kh.
Cht oxy ho: MnO2 + 2e + 4H+ = Mn2+ + 2H2O
Cht kh:
2Cl= Cl2 + 2e
MnO2 + 4HCl (m c, nng) = MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
L 1: Kh Clor
L 2: Nc clor l dung dch nc ha tan kh Cl2. Mt phn nh kh clor trong nc tham gia phn
ng t oxy ha t kh:
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO (Kcb = 3.10-4)
L cht khng phn cc, kh clor tan rt t trong nc. ( tan: 202 ml/100g nc 250C)
HClO km bn, di tc dng ca nh sng b phn hu thnh HCl v oxy nguyn t.
HClO HCl + [O]
L 3: Kh Cl2 tan vo dung dch NaOH long, to thnh dung dch nc Javen. Trong mi trng base
mnh ca NaOH, phn ng t oxy ha- t kh ca clor dch chuyn mnh sang phi:
Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O
V vy trong nc Javen c lng ln clor hot ng. Nc Javen l cht oxy ha mnh trong mi
trng base nh kh nng oxy ha cao ca ion hypoclorit v nh oxy nguyn t sinh ra t s phn hy
ca ion hypoclorit khi c mt kh CO2 v nh sng:
ClO- + CO2 + H2O [O] + Cl- + HCO3MnO2 ng vai tr cht oxy ha trong phn ng iu ch kh Clor, c th dng cc cht oxy ha mnh
khc thay MnO2 (v d KMnO4, PbO2 )
Nn dng l 3 cha nc Javen lm cht ty mu do c dung lng clor hot ng cao.
Bi 16. iu ch crom(III) oxide, ngi ta ly K2Cr2O7 v ng saccaro (theo t l tnh trc)
cho vo ci, trn v nghin mn hn hp. Xong cho hn hp trn vo chn st tm mt lng cn
xc nh, em t trn bp in (hoc n cn). Khi chy ht cn th cho ton b sn phm vo
l nung nhit khong 600oC khong 1 gi. Ly sn phm ngui, sau ha tan trong
nc, lc thu sn phm rn.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch? Vai tr ca cn v ng? C th thay th bng
cht g khc?
Thc cht y l phn ng oxy ha kh, dng cht kh a crom v Cr(III) dng Cr2O3, y l
phn ng d th nn ta c gng mc tip xc phn ng l tt nht.
V v y ngi ta dng ng tr n u v sau dng cn t chuyn ng thnh cacbon th mc
ng u hn hn khi tr n cacbon trc tip.
15
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Khi t nng ngoi khng kh th phn ng t chy ng thnh cacbon bng cn d dng xy ra
hn hn phn ng kh crom bng cn, v v y giai on ny t trong khng kh.
Sau khi nung trong l nung ch phi y kn np chn nung v trnh phn ng canbon chy
thnh CO2 khi c m t oxy, phn ng ny s cnh tranh vi phn ng kh crom, lm gim hi u sut to
sn phm. Cc phn ng:
K2Cr2O7 + C (t0) K2CO3 + Cr2O3 + CO (thiu oxy)
Cc phn ng ch yu xy ra:
Khi t trn bp in:
C2H5OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O + Q
C12H22O11 = 12C + 11H2O
Trong l in 6000C
K2Cr2O7 + C = K2CO3 + Cr2O3 + CO (thiu oxy)
Ngay trong giai on t trn bp in c mt phn dicromat b kh v crom(III) oxide.
Cn c th thay th bng xng, ng c th thay bng mui than
Cu 1: Trong dy Fe, Co, Ni: Hy cho bit dng X 2+ v dng X3+ no bn nht, km bn nht?
Gii thch.
- Trong dy Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+:
Ni2+ bn nht, km bn nht l Fe2+.
- Trong dy Fe3+, Co3+, Ni3+:
Fe3+ bn nht, km bn nht l Ni3+.
S liu minh ha:
Bng1. Th kh chun ca cp Oxh/Kh
pH = 0
pH = 14
Cu hnh ion ha tr
0
0
Ox + ne Kh (V)
Ox + ne Kh
(V) dn
Cr3+/Cr2+
Mn3+/Mn2+
Fe3+/ Fe2+
Co3+/Co2+
Ni3+/Ni2+
-0,41
+1,51
+0,77
+1,84
Khng c s liu.
Cr(OH)3/Cr(OH)2
Mn(OH)3/Mn(OH)2
Fe(OH)3/Fe(OH)2
Co(OH)3/Co(OH)2
NiO2/Ni(OH)2
-1,1
+0,1
-0,56
+0,17
+0,49
Cr3+: 3d3 ; Cr2+: 3d4

Mn3+: 3d4 ; Mn2+: 3d5
Fe3+: 3d5 : Fe2+ 3d6
Co3+: 3d6 ; Co2+ : 3d7
Ni3+: 3d7 ; Ni2+: 3d8
C s gii thch: S bin i bn s oxy ha ca phn nhm st (Fe, Co, Ni) ni ring v ca
tan b cc nguyn t 3d ni chung ph thuc vo 2 quy lut:
a) Trong chu k t tri qua phi s oxy ha dng cao km bn dn.
b) Cc ion bn trong trng thi cu hnh ha tr t bo ha hoc bn bo ha.
thy r nh hng ny, trong bng trn a ra cc th kh ca cc cp oxy ha(III)/kh(II) t
Cr n Ni. Cn c vo s liu th kh, c th nhn xt rng v xu hng chung t Cr(2+) n Ni(2+)
s oxy ha dng +2 bn dn, ngc li, s oxy ha dng +3 km bn dn. iu ny l do trong
chu k, s tng dn in tch dng ca ht nhn dn n phn lp 3d ngy cng bn dn v c s tng
dn nng lng gia 3d v 4s. Bng th ion ha I di y cho thy iu ny:
Bng 1. Th ion ha th 2 (I2) v th 3(I3)
Th ion ha (eV) Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
I2
16,5 15,64 16,183 17,06
I3
31,0 33,69 30,64
35,16
14,5
18,05
14,457
18,1
I = I3 I2
Ni
18,15
36,83
18,68
Tuy nhin, s liu bng 1 cho thy c s ln bt thng th kh ca cp Mn(III)/Mn(II), iu

ny c gii thch l do Mn(2+) c cu hnh bn bo ha: Phc hexaaquamangan(II) [Mn(H 2O)6]2+ c
cu hnh d3d2 bn vng, cn phc hexaaquamangan(III) [Mn(H 2O)6]3+ c cu hnh thiu 1 electron
i vi trng thi bn bo ha nn km bn: d3d1.
16
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Ngc li phc hexaaqua st(III) (d3d2) c xu hng bn hn phc hexaaqua st(II) (d4d2) v
phc sau d 1 e so vi cu hnh bn bo ha.
i vi trng hp Co v Ni th cc phc aqua ch b chi phi bi quy lut (a) nn trng thi oxy
ha +3 km bn dn dn n trng thi oxy ha +2 bn dn.
Cu 2: Bit rng tch s tan ca Cu(OH) 2 v Cu(OH) ln lt l 4.8x10-20 v 2x10-15 250C. Hy
tnh 0Cu2+/Cu+ khi c mt OH- (gi s OH- d nhng cha to phc vi ion ng). Bit
0Cu2+/Cu+ khi khng c mt ion l l +0.16.
Bi gii:
Trong mi trng acid:
0
Cu
0,16V
2
/ Cu
Cu2+ + e Cu+ (1)

Khi kim ha dung dch:
0
Cu(OH)2 + e CuOH + OH- Cu (OH )2 / CuOH ,OH
Ta c:
Xut pht t phng trnh Nernst cho bn phn ng (1)
Cu 2 / Cu 0 Cu 2 / Cu 0,059 lg
[Cu 2 ]
(*)
[Cu ]
Bin i biu thc (*) chuyn qua tnh th kh cho bn phn ng (2) bng cch cho vo nng
OH-:
Cu ( OH )
/ CuOH , OH
0Cu 2 / Cu 0,059 lg
[Cu 2 ][OH ]2
[Cu 2 ][OH ]2
1
0
0
,
059
lg
0,059 lg
(**)
Cu 2 / Cu
[Cu ][OH ]
[Cu ][OH ]
[OH ]
Thay cc gi tr tch s tan ca ng (II) hydroxyt v ng (I) hydroxyt vo biu thc(**), ta c biu
thc Nernst ca bn phn ng (2) :
TCu ( OH )2
1
1
0
0
Cu (OH ) / CuOH ,OH Cu
0,059 lg
Cu
0,059 lg
Nh
2
0,059 lg
/ Cu
( OH )2 / CuOH ,OH
2
TCuOH
[OH ]
[OH ]
vy th kh chun ca Cu(II)/Cu(I) khi c kt ta ng (II) hydroxyt v ng (I) hydroxyt c tnh
bng cng thc (***):
17
[Type text]
0
Cu
( OH )
/ CuOH ,OH
0
Cu
2
/ Cu
1375 [Type text]

TCu ( OH )2
0,059 lg
(* * *)
TCuOH
Thay cc s liu trong bi vo biu thc (***), tnh c :

4,8.10 20
0,16 0,059 lg
0,113V
2.10 15
Cu 3: Hy a ra mt v d chng minh rng tnh oxy ha ca dng oxy ha lin hp s gim
v tnh kh ca dng kh lin hp s tng khi tng base Lewis ca mi trng. (Ngoi v d
trong bi ging)
0
Cu ( OH )2 / CuOH ,OH
V d : Xt cp oxy ha kh lin hp Co3+/Co2+ :

Co3+ l cht oxy ha rt mnh trong nc. Vi th kh ca cp Co 3+/Co2+ = +1,84V,
Co3+ nhanh chng oxy ha nc theo phn ng :
4Co3+ + 2H2O = 4Co2+ + O2+ 4H+
Tri li Co2+ rt bn trong nc.
Khi cho ammoniac, mt base Lewis mnh, vo mt dung dch cha Co3+ v Co2+, xy
ra s to phc ammin bn, lm th kh ca cp [Co(NH 3)6]3-/[Co(NH3)6]4- ch cn +0,1V. Th
kh ca cp sau cho thy Co(III) tr nn bn vng, cn Co(II) rt d b oxy ha.
b,[Co ( NH )3 ] 1.1035,21 ; b,[Co ( NH )2 ] 1.104,39
3 6
3 6
Hng dn : Sinh vin c th s dng cc v d khc tng t, vi base Lewis l cc

phi t khc nhau (phi t c th ly trong dy ha quang ph - bi ging chng 5). Th kh
tra trong cc s tay ha hc, hay trong cc sch tham kho c trong cng mn hc.
Cu 4: Hy thit lp gin Frost ca P (pH = 0 v pH = 14) rt cc nhn xt c th. (nhn xt v

bn, tnh oxy ha kh c trng, qu trnh d ly, a hp, sn phm cui, tnh oxy ha kh
c trng)
pH = 0
H3PO4 -0.933 H4P2O6 0,380 H3PO3 -0,499 H3PO2 -0,365 P -0,100 P2H4 -0,006 PH3
pH = 14
PO43- -1,12 HPO32-
-1,57
H2PO2-
-2,05
-0,89
PH3
Tnh ton
pH=0
Trng thi oxi ha
-III
-II
0
+I
+III
+IV
+V
Dng tn ti
PH3
P2H4
P
H3PO2
H3PO3
H4P2O6
H3PO4
Biu thc
1 x (-0,006) + (-0,2)
2 x (-0,1)
0
1 x (-0,365)
2 x (-0,499) + (-0,365)
1 x 0,380 + (-1,363)
1 x (-0,933) + (-0,983)
nE (V)
-0,206
-0,2
0,0
-0,365
-1,363
-0,983
-1,916
pH=14
Trng thi oxi ha
-III
0
Dng tn ti
PH3
P
Biu thc
3 x (-0,89)
0
nE (V)
-2,67
0,0
18
[Type text]
+I
+III
+V
SA LI:
pH=0
Trng thi oxi ha
-III
-II
0
+I
+III
+IV
+V
pH=14
Trng thi oxi ha
-III
0
+I
+III
+V
PH3
1375 [Type text]

1 x (-2,05)
2 x (-1,57) + (-2,05 )
2 x (-1,12)+ (-5,19)
H2PO2
HPO32
PO43-
Dng tn ti
PH3
P2H4
P
H3PO2
H3PO3
H4P2O6
H3PO4
Biu thc
-1 x (-0,006)] + (0,2)
-2 x (-0,1)
0
1 x (-0,365)
2 x (-0,499) + (-0,365)
1 x 0,380 + (-1,363)
1 x (-0,933) + (-0,983)
nE (V)
0,206
0,2
0,0
-0,365
-1,363
-0,983
-1,916
Dng tn ti
PH3
P
H2PO2HPO32
PO43-
Biu thc
-3 x (-0,89)
0
1 x (-2,05)
2 x (-1,57) + (-2,05 )
2 x (-1,12)+ (-5,19)
nE (V)
2,67
0,0
-2,05
-5,19
-7,43
P2H4
H4P2O6
H3PO2
H3PO3
PH3
-2,05
-5,19
-7,43
H3PO4
H2PO2-
HPO32-
PO43Nhn xt: 1) Acid phosphoric bn nht trong mi trng acid v ion phosphat bn nht trong mi
trng base.
2) Tnh cht kh ca tt c cc hp cht ca phospho tng ln rt mnh khi chuyn t mi
trng acid qua mi trng base.
3) P n cht c kh nng d ly, c bit trong mi trng base.
4) Trong mi trng acid H4P2O6 c kh nng d ly thnh H3PO3 v H3PO4.
Cu 5: Da vo cc dy Latimer:
Mi trng acid (pH = 0):
19
[Type text]
- 1,201
ClO4
1,181
ClO3-
0,295
ClO3
1375 [Type text]

HClO2 1,701 HClO
1,630
Cl2
1,358
Cl-
Mi trng base (pH = 14):

ClO4-
0,374
ClO2-
0,681
ClO-
0,421
1,358
Cl2
Cl-
Cho bit:
Cc dng khng bn trong dung dch nc? Gii thch.
a)
Gii thch v sao tnh oxy ha ca hu ht cc cht gim mnh khi chuyn t mi trng
b)
acid qua mi trng base? (cho 1 v d c th)
Tnh th kh chun ca cp ClO3-/Cl2
c)
a)
Cc dng khng bn trong dung dch nc? Gii thch.

Tnh thm mt s th kh ca cc cp oxy ha kh lin hp ClO3-/HClO v ClO3-/Cl2, t:
ClO4-
1,201
ClO3-
1,181
HClO2
1,701
HClO
1,630
Cl2
1,358
Cl-
Nhn xt: V phng din nhit ng ha hc HClO2 c th tham gia phn ng d ly:
0 = 1,701 1,181 = 0,52V
G0298,p = -2 x 96500 x 0,52 = -100,4kJ/mol
2HClO2 = ClO3- + HClO + H+
Mi trng base (pH = 14):

Tnh thm mt s th kh ca cc cp oxy ha kh lin hp ClO3-/ClO- v ClO3-/Cl2, t
ClO4-
0,374
ClO3-
0,295
ClO2-
0,681
ClO-
0,421
Cl2
1,358
Cl-
Nhn xt: V phng din nhit ng ha hc, cc dng Cl 2 v ClO2- c th tham gia phn ng
d ly:
2ClO2- = ClO3- + ClO-
0 = 0,681 0,295 = 0,386V

G0298,p = -2 x 96500 x 0,386 = -56,9 kJ/mol
Cl2 + 2OH- = ClO- + Cl- + H2O
0 = 1,358 0,421 = 0,937V

G0298,p = 1 x 96500 x 0,937 = -90,4 kJ/mol
Nh vy, Cl(III) km bn c trong mi trng acid v mi trng base, cn kh clor tan

vo nc rt t trong mi trng acid (v phn t Cl 2 khng c cc) nhng tan nhiu trong mi
trng base (v c phn ng d ly mnh).
b)
Gii thch v sao tnh oxy ha ca hu ht cc cht gim mnh khi chuyn t mi
trng acid qua mi trng base? (cho 1 v d c th)
Phng trnh Nernst cho thy mi trng c nh hng rt mnh n kh nng oxy ha kh ca cc
cht :
RT [Ox ][ MT ]Ox
0
ln
nF [ Kh ][ MT ]Kh
i vi trng hp cht oxy ha v cht kh l gc acid-oxy th H + tham gia vo phn ng vi
vai tr mi trng oxy ha ([MT]Ox) v OH- tham gia phn ng vi vai tr mi trng kh ([MT] Kh),
20
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
do vy tnh oxy ha ca hu ht cc cht gim mnh khi chuyn t mi trng acid qua mi trng
base.
V d: Xt cp oxy ha kh lin hp: ClO4-/ClO3Phn ng trong mi trng acid:
ClO4 + 2H+ + 2e = ClO3- + H2O 0 = 1,201V (pH = 0)
Phn ng trong mi trng base:
ClO4 + H2O + 2e = ClO3- + 2OH- 0 = 0,374V (pH = 14)
c)
Tnh th kh chun ca cp ClO3-/Cl2

a. Trong mi trng acid (pH = 0):
ClO3-
1,181
HClO2
ClO3-
G10
1,701
HClO
G20
HClO
1,630
Cl2
HClO2
G30
Cl2
G40
p dng nh lut Hess c:

G04 = G01 + G02 + G03
-n4F04 = -n1F01 n2F02 n3F03
2 *1.181 2 *1.701 1.630
0
1.479 V
04 = ClO3 / Cl2
5
Gii tng t cho trng hp trong mi trng base (pH = 14):

0
ClO
2 * 0.295 2 * 0.681 0.421 0.475 V
/ Cl
3
Cu 6: So snh s bin i tnh oxy ha ca cc hp cht HXO v HXO 4 vi X l cc nguyn t

trong dy Cl, Br v I. Nu c s khc bit hy gii thch?
a) Cc hp cht HXO u l cht oxy ha mnh. Tnh oxy ha gim dn t Clo n Iod
qua cc th kh di y ca acid:
2 HClO 2 H 2e Cl2 2 H 2O o 1.63V
2 HBrO 2 H 2e Br2 2 H 2O o 1.59V
2 HIO 2 H 2e I 2 2 H 2O o 1.45V
Nhn xt: S gim dn tnh oxy ha ny tun theo quy lut trong phn nhm chnh t trn
xung tnh phi kim loi gim dn.
b) Cc hp cht HXO4 l nhng hp cht c tnh oxi ha mnh, axit peiodic thng tn ti
di dng H5IO6.
ClO4- + 2H+ + 2e = ClO3- + H2O o = +1.19V, pH=0
BrO4- + 2H+ + 2e = BrO3- + H2O o = +1.763V, pH=0
H5IO6+ H+ + 2e = IO3- + H2O o = +1,6V, pH=0
Xt trong cng iu kin ion BrO4- oxy ha mnh hn hn ion ClO4-. C s khc bit nh trn
l do nh lut tun han th cp (nguyn t p): Brom thuc chu k 4, ln u xut hin phn lp (n1)d cha y electron (phn lp 3d) nn c s tng mnh in tch dng ca ht nhn, dn n ht
mnh hn cc electron ha tr. Do hiu ng m xuyn ca cc electron s mnh hn cc electron p, cc
21
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
electron 4s b ht mnh tr nn bn vng hn cc electron 4p, kt qu lm tnh oxy ha ca Br(+7)
tng mnh bt thng so vi Cl(+7).
Tnh oxy ha ca acid periodic nh hn acid perbromic: do khng c s khc bit v
cu hnh electron gia Brom v Iod nn s gim tnh oxy ha ny tun theo quy lut trong
phn nhm chnh t trn xung tnh phi kim loi gim dn.
Cu 7: Cc dy Latimer ca cc nguyn t phn nhm IVA di y (ln lt pH = 0 v pH =
14):
0,095
O2
1,763
H2O2
H2O
1.229
-0,065
O2
HO2-
0,867
OH-
0,401
SO42SO42-
0,17
0,40
H2SO3
-0,94
SO32-
SeO42-
1,1
H2SeO3
SeO42-
0,03
SeO32-
-0,36
TeO2
0,53
H6TeO6
TeO42PoO3
PoO3
1,02
0,4
1,51
1,48
-0,58
0,74
TeO321,1
PoO32-
-0,5
S2O32-
-0,7
Te
Po2+
Po
-1,14
0,37
-1,4
S
S
-0,45
0,14
H2S
S2-
H2Se
-0,93
Se
0,60
-0,74
-0,4
Se
Te
-0,57
PoO2
S2O32-
Se2H2Te
Te2-
Po
-1,0
H2Po
Po2-
Ngi ta nhn xt rng, tnh cht kh ca cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA (tr oxy) c
trng hn tnh oxy ha. Hy so snh nhn xt ny vi cc gi tr th kh trong cc dy latimer
trn, tm mi lin h gia chng.
Cc dy Latimer ca Oxy trong mi trng nc cho thy Oxy khng c s oxy ha

dng, v vy n ch th hin tnh oxy ha trong nc.
Cc dy latimer cn li cho thy cc nguyn t S, Se , Te v Po c c s oxy ha m v
s oxy ha dng, v th chng th hin c tnh oxy ha v tnh kh. V tnh phi kim
loi gim dn trong dy, chng ta ch cn so snh tnh kh v tnh oxy ha ca Lu
hunh. Ngay trong mi trng acid, th kh ca cp S/H 2S rt nh (+0,14V) , do vy,
tnh oxy ha ca S rt yu. Trong mi trng base, S rt d b oxy ha thnh S 2O42- (do
th kh ca cp S2O32-/S,OH- = -0,74V <0). Do vy S c tnh kh tri hn tnh oxy ha.
i vi cc nguyn t cn li, do tnh phi kim thp hn lu hunh, tnh kh ca chng
cao hn lu hunh v tnh oxy ha yu hn lu hunh. C th nhn thy iu ny cc
dy Latimer ca chng.
Ghi ch: Bi ny c th c nhiu cch bin lun, nhng iu mu cht l phi lin h c gia tnh
oxy ha - kh vi cc s liu trn dy Latimer.
22
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Cu 8: Da vo quy lut tun hon th cp v s bin i tnh phi kim kim loi theo phn
nhm v chu k cho bit cc hp cht ca Se v Tl ch yu nm cc s oxy ha no.
- Se: [Ar]3d104s24p4: nm chu k 4, nhm VIA,.
Theo quy tc chn l Mendeleev, Selen c th c cc s oxy ha chn bn hn hn cc s oxy
ha l: -2, +2, +4, +6.
Tuy nhin do Selen l nguyn t phi kim, s oxy ha +2 rt km bn v Se(+2) khng t c
cu hnh kh him, v s oxy ha -2 c tnh kh mnh.
Theo nh lut tun hon th cp, Se thuc chu k 4, ln u tin xut hin phn lp d lm cho
cp e ca phn lp 4s km hot ng nn hp cht Se +6 km bn, c tnh oxi ha mnh trong mi
trng acid. Trong cc phn ng oxy ha kh, Se(+6) c xu hng nhn 2e chuyn v Se(+4). Cc hp
cht +6 ca Se ch bn trong mi trng base.
Tm li: Tr mc oxy ha 0, trong hp cht Se thng c cc s oxy ha -2, +4 v +6, trong
hp cht Se c s oxy ha +4 bn vng nht, hp cht Se (+6) c tnh oxy ha , c bit mnh trong
mi trng acid, hp cht Se(-2) c tnh kh mnh c bit trong mi trng base
- Tl: [Xe]4f145d106s26p1: nm chu k 6, nhm IIIA. Tl l mt kim loi.
Theo quy tc chn l Mendeleev, cc s oxy ha l ca Tl bn r rt so vi cc s oxy ha
chn, ng thi Tl l kim loi nn trong hp cht Tl ch c 2 s oxy ha: +1 v +3.
Theo nh lut tun hon th cp, Tl thuc chu k 6, ln u tin xut hin phn lp f lm cho
cp e ca phn lp 6s km hot ng r rt so vi cc e ca phn lp 6p nn Tl +3 l cht oxy ha mnh,
c bit trong mi trng acid.
Tm li, Tr mc oxy ha 0, hp cht bn ca Tali c s oxy ha +1. Hp cht Tali c s oxy
ha +3 l cht oxy ha mnh trong mi trng acid, v khng bn trong mi trng base.
Cu 9: Cho hai dy cc hp cht sau:
1) PoF6 , PbF4 , TlF3 , AtF7 , BiF5 v BaF2
1
2) TeF6 , SbF5 , InF3 , SrF2 , SnF4 v IF7
2
a)
Sp xp cc dy theo s tng dn tnh oxy ha. Gii thch.
b)
Nhng hp cht no c tnh oxy ha mnh v nhng hp cht no rt kh b kh?
Gii thch
a) Th t tng dn tnh oxi ha:
1) BaF2 < TlF3 < PbF4 < BiF5 < PoF6 < AtF7.
2)SrF2 < InF3 < SnF4 < SbF5 < TeF6 < IF7.
Gii thch:
Dy hp cht florua u l ca cc nguyn t chu k 6 v dy hp cht florua th 2 l ca cc nguyn
t chu k 5. Trong mt chu k, khi i t tri qua phi mt in tch dng tng dn, lc ht ca ht
nhn n cc electron ha tr tng dn. Do cc electron s c hiu ng m xuyn mnh hn cc
electron p nn s chnh lch nng lng gia cc phn lp lng t np v ns ln dn t Ba n At
(dy 1) v t Sr n I (dy 2). V vy, kh nng nhn li cp electron 6s ca cc nguyn t trn tng dn
t Ba n At. l nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho tng dn trong hai dy hp cht florua trn.
b) Tnh oxi ha kh:
- Nhng hp cht c tnh oxi ha mnh l TlF 3 , PbF4 , BiF5 , PoF6 ,AtF7 v chng l florua ca cc
nguyn t p thuc chu k 6. Trng thi oxy ha cao nht ca cc nguyn t p chu k ny c tnh oxy
ha mnh do nh hng ca quy lut tun hon th cp hiu ng co d v f (ln u tin xut hin
phn lp f cha y electron).
- Trong dy InF3 , SnF4 , SbF5 , TeF6 , IF7 th tnh oxy ha ca chng yu r so vi cc florua ca cc
nguyn t cng phn nhm trong chu k 6 ( IF7 < AtF ; TeF6 < PoF6), tuy nhin do cc nguyn t p
chu k 5 cng chu hiu ng co d (quy lut tun hon th cp) nn mt s trong chng cng c tnh
oxy ha kh mnh (TeF6, IF7), tuy nhin do tnh oxy ha ca nguyn t p tng dn khi i t u n
23
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
cui chu k (do s tng dn hiu nng lng gia np ns) nn cc hp cht SbF 5 v SnF4 ch c tnh
oxy ha yu, cn InF3 hu nh khng c tnh oxy ha.
Nhng hp cht rt kh b kh: BaF2, SrF2 v Ba v Sr l cc kim loi mnh (kim loi kim th).
Cu 10: T 2 gin Latimer ca Cl pH = 0 v pH = 14 hy xy dng gin Latimer cho Cl
pH 7 v nhn xt v bn, tnh oxy ha, kh nng d ly ca cc dng oxy ha trong dy.
ClO4- 1,201 ClO3Mi trng base (pH = 14):
ClO4- 0,374 ClO3-
1,181
HClO2
1,701
0,295
ClO2-
0,681
HClO
ClO-
1,630
0,421
Cl2
Cl2
1,358
1,358
Cl
Cl-
C th xut pht t dy Latimer pH = 0 cng nh pH = 14 tnh. Tuy nhin, do khi tnh cn lu

1, 97
; K HClO 1.107,3
n cc acid HClO2 v HClO l cc acid yu. K HClO2 1.10
a) Ly mi trng pH = 14 lm chun xt ta c:
a) ClO4- + H2O + 2e ClO3- + 2OH0,059
[ClO4 ]
0
ClO / ClO ClO
lg
4
3
4 / ClO3
2
[ClO3 ].[OH ]2
0,059
1
0,059 [ClO4 ]
lg
lg
4
3
2
[OH ]2
2
[ClO3 ]
iu kin chun pH = 7 th [ClO4-] =[ClO3-] = 1M nn:
0
0
ClO
ClO
0,059. pH 0,374 0,413 0,787V
/ ClO ( pH 7 )
/ ClO ( pH 14 )
0
ClO
/ ClO
b) ClO3- + H2O + 2e = ClO2- + 2OH0,059

[ClO3 ]
0
ClO / ClO ClO
lg

3
2
3 / ClO2
2
[ClO2 ].[OH ]2
0,059
1
0,059
lg
lg[ClO3 ] (*)
2
2
[ClO2 ][OH ]
2
iu kin chun pH = 7 nng [ClO3 ] = 1M, cn nng [ClO2-] khng bng 1M do c s
thy phn:
ClO2- + H2O HClO2 + OH0
ClO
/ ClO
3
trong K tp K b
K H 2O
K HClO2
1.10 14
1.1012 ,03 v [ClO2-] + [HClO2] = 1M
1, 97
1.10
t x l thy phn ca ClO2- pH = 7, c: [ClO2-]cb = 1- x v [HClO2]cb = x

Thay cc s liu trn vo biu thc tnh Ktp:
[OH ][ HClO2 ]
1.107 x
12 , 03
K tp
1.10
[ClO2 ]
1 x
x
1.10 5,03 1 x
1 x
Suy ra: [ClO2-]cb 1
Thay cc s liu [ClO3-] = [ClO2-] = 1M vo biu thc (*) ta c cng thc tnh th kh chun
ca cp ClO3-/ClO2- pH = 7:
0,059
1
0,059 x14
0
0
ClO
ClO
lg
0,295
0,708V
2
3 / ClO2 ( pH 7 )
3 / ClO2 ( pH 14 )
2
[OH ]
2
24
[Type text]
c)
1375 [Type text]

ClO2- + H2O + 2e = ClO- + 2OHCch gii tng t phn b c pH = 7, nng [ClO2-] 1 v [ClO-] 0,33
0
p s: ClO / ClO ( pH 7 ) 1.108V
2
d)
2ClO- + 2H2O + 2e = Cl2(k) + 4OHCch gii tng t phn b v c

0
p s: ClO / Cl ( pH 7 ) 1,233V
2
e)
Cl2 + 2e = 2Cl
Trng hp ny, khng c s tham gia ca ion OH - (H+) vo bn phn ng, nn pH khng
c nh hng n th kh ca cp Cl2/Cl-.
Thit lp dy Latimer pH = 7:
ClO4 0 ,787
ClO3 0 ,708
ClO2 1 ,108
ClO 1 ,233 Cl2 1 ,358
Cl
Nhn xt: pH = 7: V phng din nhit ng ha hc: ClO2- , ClO- v Cl2 c kh nng d ly, Clbn, kh Cl2 c tnh oxi ha mnh, ClO4- v ClO3- c tnh oxy ha yu.
Cu 11: V sao cc mui sulfit c tnh cht ha hc c trng l tnh kh, nhng cc mui selenit
khng c tnh cht ha hc c trng ny mc d S v Se c v tr k nhau trong phn nhm
IVA?
- S: [Ne]3s23p4: thuc chu k 3. Ion SO 42- bn trong nc ngay trong mi trng acid long, do
mui sulfit d b oxy ha ln thnh sulfat.
- Se: [Ar]3d104s24p4 thuc chu k IV, ln u tin xut hin phn lp 3d lm cp e phn lp 4s km
hot ng hn dn n tng t ngt s km bn vng ca mc oxi ha dng cao nht (+6) lm ion
selenat (SeO42-) c tnh oxy ha mnh, do vy ion selenit khng c tnh kh c trng.
Cu 12: Hy d kin tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng ca cc cht sau:
Na2TeO3, Na2SO3, PbSO4, Tl2(SO4)3, Na2PO3, Na2SiO3.
Khi pH mi trng gim th tnh cht oxy ha kh ca chng bin i nh th no?
Cht no khng bn trong khng kh?
Hy d kin tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng ca cc cht sau:
Na2TeO3, Na2SO3, PbSO4, Tl2(SO4)3, Na2PO3, Na2SiO3.
a) Cc cht c tnh kh c trng: Na2PO3 v Na2SO3, v mui sulfat bn vng ngay trong mi
trng acid yu, cn mui phosphat rt bn vng ngay trong mi trng acid m c.
b) Cht c tnh oxy ha c trng: Tl 2(SO4)3. Tl l nguyn t thuc phn nhm IIIA, chu k 6. Do
hiu ng co d,f, s oxy ha +3 ca Tl km bn, v vy tali(III) sulfat c tnh oxy ha c trng.
c) Nhm cht c tnh kh v tnh oxy ha rt yu: PbSO4, Na2TeO3.
Pb l nguyn t phn nhm IVA, chu k 6. Do hiu ng co d,f s oxy ha +4 ca ch c
tnh oxy ha mnh, v vy PbSO4 c tnh kh rt yu ngay trong mi trng base, Pb l kim
loi km hot ng nhng th kh Pb/Pb2+ = -0,126V < 0 , v vy PbSO4 cng c tnh oxy ha
rt yu.
Te l nguyn t phn nhm VIA, chu k 5. Do hiu ng co d , ng thi Te nm gn
cui chu k, s oxy ha (+6) c tnh oxy kh mnh, ( pH = 0, cp H 6TeO6/TeO2 c th kh
+1,02V, v pH = 14 cp TeO42-/TeO32- c th kh > +0,4V) nn Na2TeO3 c tnh kh rt yu
25
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
ngay trong mi trng base. V Te l 1 phi kim, nn Na 2TeO3 cng th hin tnh oxy ha ( pH
= 14, cp TeO32-/Te c th kh -0,57V)
d) Cht bn vng: Na2SiO3. Si l nguyn t phn nhm IVA, chu k 3 nn s oxy ha +4 l bn
vng. (khng b nh hng ca cc hiu ng co d,f v chim v tr gn u ca cc nguyn t p
Quy lut: Trong mt chu k, t tri qua phi, s oxy ha dng cao nht ca cc nguyn t p
km bn dn)
Ghi ch: Sinh vin c th bin lun da trn cc s liu th kh.
Khi pH mi trng gim th tnh cht oxy ha kh ca chng bin i nh th no?
V cc hp cht trn u l cc mui ca acid-oxy, nn khi pH gim, tnh kh (tr
Na2SiO3 v Tl2(SO4)3) ca chng gim xung, v tnh oxy ha ca chng tng ln.
Cht no khng bn trong khng kh?
Do c tnh kh mnh, Na2PO3 v Na2SO3 b oxy khng kh oxy ha dn thnh mui phosphat
v mui sulfat tng ng.
Cu 13: Trong cng nghip, chit vng t qung cha bi vng kim loi, ngi ta s dng
phng php sau: Ngm qung vng trong dung dch natri cyanua km xc kh. Vng s tan vo
dung dch di dng phc dicyanoaurat(I) ([Au(CN) 2]-). Khi dung dch bo ha, tch ra v chit
ly vng.
a) Hy vit phn ng ha tan vng.
b) Gii thch vai tr ca NaCN trong qu trnh tch vng khi qung.
c) Gii thch v sao vng kim loi c th tc dng vi oxy trong trng hp ny?
a) 2Au + 4NaCN + O2 + H2O 2Na[Au(CN)2] + 2NaOH.
b) NaCN ng vai tr ca 1 base Lewis lm tng tnh kh ca vng v to phc ha tan vng ra khi
qung.
c) Trong iu kin bnh thng v ngay c khi c khi un nng vng c tnh kh rt yu, nhng trong
mi trng base tnh kh ca Au tng, nn Au c th tc dng vi O 2, sau vng oxit nhanh chng b
ha tan trong dung dch NaCN to ra phc Na2[Au(CN)2] bn. Do vy, Au tip tc tc dng vi O2.
0
Th kh : Au / Au 1,68V ; Au ( CN ) / Au 061V
2
Cu 14: C mt phng php loi b oxy khi kh trong phng th nghim nh sau: Dn kh qua
1 bnh cha bt ng v dung dch amoniac.
a) Vit phn ng xy ra?
b) Gii thch vai tr ca amoniac trong vic kh kh oxy?
c) Gii thch v sao oxy c th tc dng d dng vi ng trong iu kin nu trn.
a) 2Cu + O2 + 8NH3 + 2H2O 2[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
b) Vai tr ca amoniac:
Trong iu kin nhit thng trong khng kh th ng l kim loi km hot ng, tnh
kh km. Tuy nhin trong mi trng base th tnh kh ca ng tng ln, c bit l trong
dung dch amoniac. V dung dch NH3 va c tc dng l mi trng base tng tnh kh cho
Cu, va to phc bn vi Cu2+.
c) O2 c th tc dng d dng vi Cu trong iu kin trn v: trong mi trng base tnh kh ca
Cu tng. Mt khc, ban u kh O 2 phn ng vi Cu to CuO, nhng CuO nhanh chng tan
ngay trong dung dch NH3 to phc bn [Cu(NH3)4]2+ nn O2 tip tc tc dng vi Cu.
26
[Type text]
d) Th kh:
0
Cu 2 / Cu
0
Cu / Cu
1375 [Type text]

0
0,337V ; Cu
0,07V
( NH ) 2 / Cu
3 4
0,521V
0
Cu ( NH 3 ) 2 / Cu
0,12V
Cu 15: Trong cng nghip c quy trnh k thut iu ch acid sulfuric t thch cao. Giai on
u tin l iu ch ra kh SO2. Phn ng iu ch kh lu hunh dioxyt c thc hin
10000C:
CaSO4 + C + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO + SO2
a) Ct ng vai tr g trong phn ng ny? Khng cn c ct c c khng? C th thay
th ct bng cht g?
b) Ti sao phn ng to ra kh carbon monooxyt m khng phi l kh carbonic?
a) Ct ng vai tr l acid Usanovic lm tng kh nng oxi ha ca S(VI), ngoi ra sau phn ng
n to ra mui CaSiO3 bn hn mui CaSO4.
thy r vai tr ca ct ta c mt s tnh ton sau:
CaSO4
C
(graphite)
SiO2
(thch
anh)
CaSiO3
(tam t)
CO
(kh)
0t,298
(kJ/mol)
-1434
-912
-1635
-110
-297
-635
S0298
(J/mol.K)
+107
+6
+41
+82
+198
+284
+40
CaO
SO2 (kh) (lp phng)
Phn ng xy ra khi khng s dng ct:

CaSO4 + C = CaO + CO + SO2 (*)
0
H pu
, 298 (635 110 297) ( 1434 0) 392 ( kJ )
0
S pu
, 298 ( 40 284 198) (107 6) 409 ( J / K )
0
G 0pu ,1273 H 0pu , 298 T . S pu
, 298 392 1273. 0,409 128,7 ( kJ )
Phn ng (*) c th xy ra 10000C.

-
Phn ng xy ra khi s dng ct:

CaSO4 + C + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO + SO2 (**)
0
H pu
, 298 ( 1635 110 297) ( 1434 0) 608 ( kJ )
0
S pu
, 298 (82 284 198) (107 6) 451 ( J / K )
G 0pu ,1273 H 0pu , 298 T . S 0pu , 298 608 1273. 0,451 558,5 (kJ )
Phn ng (**) xy ra d dng 10000C.
Da vo kt qu trn th khng s dng ct phn ng vn c th xy ra, tuy nhin khi c s
dng ct th phn ng xy ra thun li hn.
C th thay th ct bng mt acid Usanovic rn khc nhng n phi bn nhit phn
ng, chng hn B2O3.
CaSO4 + C + B2O3 = Ca(BO2)2 + CO + SO2
b) Phn ng to ra kh CO ch khng phi l CO 2, v trong tc cht phn ng th lun c Cacbon
d, nhit cao th:
C + CO2 = 2CO
Mt khc, phn ng CO + O 2 CO2 l mt phn ng thun nghch nhit < 800 oC. Khi
nhit > 800oC th phn ng hon ton chuyn dch theo chiu thun. Do vy kh to ra l CO
ch khng phi CO2.
27
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
Xc nh s OXH bn ca cc nguyn t
Cu 1. S oxy ha no trong s cc s oxy ha di y km c trng nht i vi iod?
a) +1
b) +2
c) +5
d) +7
Cu 2. S oxy ha no trong s cc s oxy ha di y km c trng nht i vi Te?
a) -2
b) +2
c) +4
d) +6
Cu 3: S oxy ha no ca Crom di y l km c trng nht:
a) + 4
b) +2
c) +3
d) +6
3: Nguyn t s oxy ha no di y t to ra cc hp cht nht so vi cc nguyn t cc s
oxy ha cn li.
a) Se(2+)
b) P(5+)
c) V(3+)
d) Tl(+)
Gii thch:
Cu hnh electron ca Se(2+) l 4s24p2, trn phn lp p cn electron c thn nn rt t bn.
oxy ha cn li.
a) S(2+)
b) I (5+)
c) Bi(5+)
d) Tl(+)
Gii thch
Cu hnh electron ca S(2+) l 3s23p2, trn phn lp p cn electron c thn nn rt t bn.
oxy ha cn li.
a) Mn(+)
b) Ag(+)
c) In(+)
d) Tl(+)
Gii thch:
So vi Ag(+) 3s2 3p63d10 ; In(+) 5s2 , Tl 6s2, cu hnh electron ca Mn(+) l 3d54s1, trn phn
lp s cn electron c thn nn rt km bn.
oxy ha cn li.
a) N(3+)
b) I(3+)
c) Se(4+)
d) As(5+)
Gii thch
Tt c cc s oxy ha ca cc nguyn t trong bi u ph hp vi quy tc chn l, tuy nhin
I(3+) km bn nht do cu hnh electron ca n khng tha mn iu kin l cu hnh ca kh him
hay bo ha phn lp s. (c th gii thch l do cn electron c thn trn phn lp p - do I(3+) c cu
hnh electron 6s26p2).
Cu 4. Titanium c mc oxy ha no trong nhng hp cht bn nht ca mnh?
a) -4
b) +2
c) +3
d) +4
Cu 5. Brom mc oxy ha no l bn vng nht trong nhng hp cht cha oxy?
a) +1
b) +3
c) +5
d) +7
Cu 37. Oxy c nhng mc oxy ha no trong hp cht:
1) -2
2) -1
3) +2
4) +1
a) 1 , 2 , 3 & 4
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 , 2 & 3
d) 1 & 3
Cu 6. Mangan c nhng mc oxy ha no trong cc hp cht bn ca mnh?
1) +2
2) +5
3) +6
4) +7
a) 1
b) 1 , 3 & 4
c) 1 & 4
d) 1 , 2 , 3 & 4
Cu 7. Mc oxy ha: +3 c trng nht cho nguyn t no di y:
a) Crom
b) Molybden
c) Wolfram
d) Seaborgi
Cu 8. Mc oxy ha +6 c trng nht cho nhng nguyn t no di y:
1) Crom
2) Molybden
3) Wolfram
a) 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 &3
d) 2 & 3
Cu 9. i vi nguyn t no vic oxy ha hp cht Me(II) ln hp cht Me(III) d dng nht (xt
trong cng iu kin)?
28
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]

a) Ni
b) Co
c) Fe
d) Cu
7: Ion(+2) no di y trong nc d b oxy ha ln ion (+3) nht (xt trong cng iu kin)?
a) Mn2+
b) Co2+
c) Fe2+
d) Cr2+
Gii thch
Cc nguyn t t Cr n Co nm trong dy 3d. Theo quy lut trong chu k t tri qua phi s oxy
ha dng cao bn dn, do cng v sau s oxy ha +2 cng bn, hn na phc hexaaqua ca Cr(+2)
c cu hnh d3d1 d 1e so vi cu hnh bn bo ha d3 nn c tnh kh mnh.
Cu 10. Acid no di y km bn nht?
a) HClO
b) HClO2
c) HClO3
d) HClO4
Cu 11. Acid no trong s cc acid di y l km bn nht?
a) HClO4
b) HBrO4
c) HIO4
d) HIO3
Cu 12. Acid no trong cc acid di y l bn nht?
a) HBrO
b) HBrO3
c) HBrO4
d) HBrO2
Cu 13. Hydroxide no di y bn nht trong khng kh?
a) Fe(OH)2
b) Co(OH)2
c) Ni(OH)2
d) Mn(OH)2
8: Hydroxide no di y bn nht trong khng kh?
a) Mn(OH)2
b) Co(OH)2
c) Ni(OH)2
d) V(OH)2
Gii thch
Cc hydroxyt ny u thuc v cc nguyn t 3d, do vy Niken hydroxide bn nht ph hp vi quy
lut s oxy ha dng cao trong chu k t tri qua phi km bn dn.
Cu 14. Hp cht no di y ca Fe(II) bn nht i vi oxy trong khng kh?
a) Fe(OH)2
b) (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O
c) FeSO4.7H2O
d) K4[Fe(CN)6]
Tnh OXH K ca cc cht
Cu 15: Hp cht no sau y ca Crm ch c tnh oxy ha:
a) K2Cr2O7
b) Na2CrO4 c) CrO3
d) C 3 hp cht trn
Cu 16. Hp cht no ca mangan ch c tnh oxy ha:
a) KMnO4
b) K2MnO4
c) MnO2
d) MnO
Cu 18. Oxide no di y l cht oxy ha mnh nht (xt trong cng iu kin)?
a) CrO3
b) MoO3
c) WO3 d) W2O5
Cu 19. Oxide no di y l cht oxy ha mnh nht (xt trong cng iu kin)?
a) Mn2O7
b) Tc2O7
c) Re2O7
d) Bh2O7
Cu 17. Cht no di y khng phi l cht oxy ha mnh?
a) Mn2O7
b) Re2O7
c) CrO3
d) NiO2
3: Hp cht no c tnh oxy ha km nht trong s cc hp cht sau (xt trong cng iu kin)
NaBrO4
b) Na3AsO4
c) Na2GeO3
d) NaGaO2
a)
Gii thch:
Suy ra t quy lut trong chu k t tri qua phi s oxy dng cao nht km bn dn.
Cu 20. Nhng cht no di y thng c s dng lm cht oxy ha trong cc phn ng ha
hc?
1) CrO3
2) MoO3
3) K2Cr2O7
4) K2WO4
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 , 2 , 3 & 4
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 3
Cu 31. Nhng cht no di y thng c s dng lm cht oxy ha trong cc phn ng ha
hc? 1) K2Cr2O7 ; 2) KClO3 ; 3) Na2FeO4 ; 4) MnO2 ; 5) WO3
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1 & 2
c) 1, 2, 3 & 4
d) 1 , 2 , 4 & 5
Cu 21: Cht no di y c tnh kh yu nht?
a) P2O3
b) As2O3
c) Bi2O3
d) Sb2O3
3: Chn phng n ph hp nht. Cho bit nhng cht no c tnh kh ht sc yu.
a) H2Se ; ZrCl2
b) Ga2O ; NO
c) SnCl2 ; PCl3
d) BiCl3 ; IF5
Gii thch (Ch cn gii thch phng n ng)
29
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
IF5 l hp cht gia cc halogen nn c tnh oxy ha c trng, BiCl3 kh b oxy ha ln Bi(+5)
v Bi l nguyn t p chu k 6 , phn nhm VA nn Bi s oxy ha +5 rt km bn, c tnh oxy ha mnh
do nh hng ca hiu ng co f.
Cu 23. Hydrat oxide no di y d b oxy ha nht?
a) Mn(OH)2
b) Fe(OH)2
c) Co(OH)2
d) Ni(OH)2
2: Cho bit tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng ca cc hp cht sau y ca brom: BrO2, Br2O,
BrF3
a) Chng c tnh oxy ha c trng.
b) Chng th hin tnh oxy ha c trng trong mi trng acid v tnh kh c trng trong mi
trng base.
c) Tnh oxy ha v tnh kh u c trng vi chng.
d) Khng th kt lun chung m ch c th nhn xt ring vi tng cht.
V Brom l phi kim c tnh oxy ha c trng nn tt c cc hp cht c s oxy ha dng ca n u
c tnh oxy ha c trng.
6: Cho bit tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng ca cc hp cht sau y ca iod: IF5, ICl2, I4O9
trng base.
Gii thch:
V Iod l phi kim c tnh oxy ha c trng nn tt c cc hp cht c s oxy ha dng ca n u
5: Cho bit tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng ca cc hp cht sau y ca iod: NaIO, NaIO3,
NaIO4
trng base.
Gii thch:
V Iod l phi kim c tnh oxy ha c trng nn tt c cc hp cht c s oxy ha dng ca n u
5: Hy chn phng n tt c cc hp cht c tnh cht oxy ha kh c trng l tnh oxy ha:
a) HClO4 ; H3VO4 ; LaCl3
b) H5IO6 ; PoO2 ; SnCl2
c) HBrO4 ; HgCl2 ; OF2
d) H5AtO6 ; IF3 ; NaH
Gii thch: (ch cn phn tch cc cht trong phng n chn)
HBrO4, v Br l phi kim c tnh oxy ho c trng.
HgCl2 , v Hg l kim loi rt km hot ng, c th kh Hg2+/Hg rt dng.
OF2, v oxy l phi kim c tnh oxy ha mnh nn O2+ l cht oxy ha rt mnh.
6: Chn phng n chnh xc nht. Cc cht sau c tnh cht oxy ha hay kh c trng: CrCl2,
Na2[Pb(OH)6]
a) CrCl2 c c tnh kh v c tnh oxy ha c trng, Na2[Pb(OH)6] c tnh oxy ha c trng.
b) CrCl2 c tnh kh c trng, Na2[Pb(OH)6] c tnh oxy ha c trng.
c) CrCl2 c tnh kh c trng, Na2[Pb(OH)6] c tnh oxy ha c trng, th hin mnh trong mi
trng acid v yu nhiu trong mi trng base.
d) CrCl2 c tnh kh c trng nhng rt yu trong mi trng acid. Na2[Pb(OH)6] c tnh oxy ha c
trng, th hin mnh trong mi trng acid v yu nhiu trong mi trng base.
Gii thch (ch cn gii thch trng hp chn)
30
[Type text]
1375 [Type text]
S oxy ha bn nht ca crom l +3 v Cr l kim loi c th kh cp Cr2+/Cr m, v vy CrCl2
c tnh kh c trng . Hn na CrCl2 trong dung dch c phc spin cao bt din d3d1 nn c xu
hng cho 1e chuyn v Cr(+3) nn c tnh kh kh mnh c trong mi trng acid.
Pb l nguyn t chu k 6 phn nhm IVA, v vy Pb(+4) c tnh oxy ha mnh, tuy nhin,
Na2[Pb(OH)6] trong phn t c nhiu nhm OH nn tnh oxy ha s b gim nhiu trong mi trng
base.
Cu 24. Nhng hp cht no ca mangan khng bn trong khng kh?
1) Mn(OH)2
2) MnCl2
3) MnS.nH2O
4) MnO2
a) 1 & 3
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 & 4
d) 1 , 2 & 3
Cu 25. Chn pht biu ng i vi nguyn t Cl:
a) Cc s oxy ha -1 v + 7 bn nht v c cu hnh kh tr.
b) Tnh oxy ha ca hp cht Cl(+5) ln hn Cl(+1) v mt i nhiu electron hn.
c) Cc hp cht Cl c cc s oxy ha dng in hnh ln lt t +1 n +7.
d) Tt c cc pht biu trn u sai.
Quy lut bin i tnh OXH, Kh trong bng HTTH
Cu 26: Theo quy tc chn l, pht biu no sau y l ng cho cc nguyn t ng vi cc phn
nhm:
a. Nhm VA ch c s oxy l.
b. Nhm VI A ch c s oxy ha chn.
c. Nhm VB ch c s Oxy ha l.
d. Cc pht biu trn u sai.
Cu 27: Chn pht biu ng v quy lut tun hon th cp (dnh cho cc nguyn t p):
a. T trn xung trong mt phn nhm, s oxy ha dng cao nht km bn vng dn.
b. S Oxy ha dng cao nht ca chu k 4 km bn r rt so vi chu k 3, hin tng ny tng
t gia chu k 6 v chu k 5.
c. S Oxy ha dng cao nht ca chu k 7 l km bn nht.
d. Khng c pht biu no ng.
Cu 28: Chn ng trong cc sau:
a) H2O ch tham gia cc phn ng vi vai tr ca cht kh.
b) Cc kim loi mnh v cc phi kim mnh c mc oxy ha 0 bn.
c) Vi cc nguyn t p (tr kh tr), trong mt chu k t tri sang phi s oxy ha dng cao
nht ca nguyn t km bn dn.
d) Nguyn t phn nhm chn c s oxy ha chn km bn hn hn cc s oxy ha l.
Cu 29. Trong dy theo th t S Se Te Po t trn xung trong nhm VIA, tnh kh tng tnh
oxi ha gim nguyn nhn chnh v:
a) Lc ht ht nhn i vi lp v ngy cng gim v hi u ng chn tng dn
b) Hiu ng xm nhp gim do in tch ht nhn gim.
c) Do quy lut tun hon th cp.
d) Tt c iu sai.
Cu 30. Trong phn nhm VIA, cc hp cht c s Oxy ha dng t trn xung s:
a) Tng dn tnh oxy ha v in tch ht nhn tng dn.
b) Gim dn s tnh oxy ha v bn bnh tng dn.
c) Ph thuc vo quy lut tun hon th cp: Hp cht c s oxy ha dng chu k 4 mnh
hn t ngt so vi chu k 3, chu k 6 mnh hn t ngt so vi chu k 5.
d) Tt c u sai.
Cu 31. Sp xp kh nng oxy ha ca cc hp cht (1) Si+4, (2) Ge+4 v (3) Pb+4 trong dung dch
nc, pH = 0 cng iu kin kh quyn:
a) 1 > 2 > 3
b) 2 > 3 > 1
c) 3 > 2 > 1
d) Khng th so snh.
31
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HClO4
b) H5IO6
c) HBrO4
d) H5AtO6
a)
Gii thch:
Do tc ng ca tun hon th cp, (hiu ng co d co f) nn HClO4 c tnh oxy ha yu nht.
Cu 32. Chn phng n ng. So snh mnh tnh oxy ha ca cc cp cht sau:
a) TiCl4 > ZrCl4
b) AsO43 BiO3
c) SO42 TeO 42
d) TcO 4 MnO4
1: Tm trng hp nhn xt sai khi so snh mnh cht oxy ha ca cc cp cht sau (xt trong
cng iu kin)
a) H2SO4 < H2SeO4
b) Tl2O3 < PbO2
c) CoCl3 > FeCl3
d) TiO2 > ZrO2
Gii thch:
Khng c phng n sai.
Gii quyt: Tt c cc sinh vin u cho loi C nu chn 1 trong 4 phng n.
Sinh vin no cho rng khng c1 phng n ng cho loi A.
cng iu kin)
a) H2SO4 < H2TeO4
b) GeO2 < PbO2
c) KMnO4 > Na2Cr2O7 d) Na3VO4 > Na3NbO4
Gii thch:
Phng n c) sai v tri quy lut trong mt chu k t tri qua phi s oxy ha dng cao km bn dn.
cng iu kin)
a) H2SO4 < H2SeO4
b) Tl2O3 > PbO2
c) CoCl3 < FeCl3
d) TiO2 > ZrO2
Gii thch: (ch cn gii thch phng n chn)
Phng n (c) v (b) sai v tri quy lut i nguyn t p trong mt chu k t tri qua phi s
oxy ha dng cao nht km bn dn.
NaBrO4
b) Na3AsO4
c) GeO2
d) Ga2O3
b)
Gii thch:
Suy ra t quy lut trong chu k t tri qua phi s oxy dng cao nht km bn dn.
4: Hp cht no c tnh kh mnh nht trong s cc hp cht sau: (xt trong cng iu kin)
IF5
b) SeF4
c) SiF2
d) PF3
a)
Gii thch:
IF5 c tnh oxy ha c trng v I2 l halogen c tnh oxy ha tri hn tnh kh. SeF4 c tnh
kh rt yu v Se l nguyn t chu k 4, phn nhm VIA nn Se(VI) c tnh oxy ha mnh, v vy
Se(IV) c tnh kh rt yu. PF3 c tnh kh mnh do P(V) rt bn, SiF2 c tnh kh mnh hn PF3 v
ph hp vi quy lut trong mt chu k t tri qua phi s oxy ha dng cao nht km bn dn.
4: Hp cht no c tnh kh km nht trong s cc hp cht sau (xt trong cng iu kin)
SO2
b) SeO2
c) TeO2
d) PoO2
a)
Gii thch:
Cc oxyt ny l ca cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA. Do tc ng ca tun hon th cp, Po(VI) c
tnh oxy ha cao nht nn suy ra PoO2 c tnh kh km nht.
Cu 33. Chn cu ng khi so snh v bn ca cc hp cht sau: Mn2O7; Tc2O7; Re2O7 (Mn, Tc, Re
ln lt t trn xung trong nhm VIIB).
a) Mn2O7 Tc2O7 Re2O7
b) Mn2O7 Tc2O7 Re2O7
c) Mn2O7 Re2O7 Tc2O7
d) Re2O7 Mn2O7 Tc2O7
Cu 34. Chn phng n sai. So snh bn mc oxy ha 0 ca cc cp nguyn t sau.
a) Na > Be
b) Y > La
c) Mg > Sr
d) Ga > Al
Cu 35. Chn phng n ng. So snh bn mc oxy ha 0 ca cc cp nguyn t sau.
a) Ga > La
b) Cr > W
c) Fe > Os
d) Pt > Re
2. Chn phng n ng. So snh bn mc oxy ha 0 ca cc cp nguyn t sau.
a) Gd > Hf
b) Zr > Y
c) Mn > Fe
d) Cu > Zn
Gii thch
32
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Cc nguyn t trong u l kim loi chuyn tip, cc cp u l nguyn t cng mt chu k.
Nguyn t ng sau c s th t ln hn nguyn t ng trc. Theo quy tc trong chu k t tri qua
phi, tnh kim loi gim dn, cc trng hp a, c u sai, trng hp b ng. Ring trng hp d ng,
do Zn c cu hnh bo ha n nh (3d104s2) nn c tnh kim loi cao hn Cu.
1. Chn phng n ng. So snh bn mc oxy ha 0 ca cc cp nguyn t sau.
a) Al > Tl
b) Sc > Ac
c) Cr > Sg
d) Ni > Pd
Gii thch
Cc nguyn t trong cng phng n u l kim loi trong mt phn nhm. Phng n a sai v
phn nhm IIIA c tnh kim loi t Al tr i gim dn do hiu ng co d,f. Cc phng n c v d sai v
trong phn nhm ph tnh kim loi gim dn t trn xung, phng n b ng v phn nhm IIIB tnh
kim loi tng dn t trn xung do khng chu nh hng ca hiu ng co d,f.
4. Chn phng n sai. So snh bn mc oxy ha 0 ca cc cp nguyn t sau.
a) Nb > V
b) Sc > Y
c) Se > S
d) Mn > Cr
Gii thch
Do Mn c cu hnh bn bo ha 3d v bo ha 4s nn tnh kim loi mnh hn Cr
1. Kim loi no yu nht trong s cc n cht di y:
a) Al
b) Sc
c) La
d) In
Gii thch
Do s bin i tnh kim loi trong phn nhm IIIA v IIIB ngc nhau, nguyn nhn do phn
nhm IIIA chu tc ng mnh ca hiu ng co d, co f (quy lut tun hon th cp) trong khi
phn nhm IIIB khng chu tc dng ca hiu ng ny.
1: Nguyn t no trong s cc nguyn t di y tc dng yu nht vi acid hydroclohydric?
a) Sc
b) Ta
c) Y
d) V
Gii thch:
Vi cc nguyn t chuyn tip: Trong phn nhm ph (tr phn nhm IIIB) tnh kim loi gim dn t
trn xung, trong mt chu k tnh kim loi gim dn t tri qua phi.
1. Kim loi no yu nht trong s cc n cht di y:
a) La
b) Os
c) Ta
d) W
Gii thch
Theo quy lut tnh kim li gim dn trong 1 chu k t tri qua phi. 4 kim loi trn u l nguyn
t chuyn tip trong chu k 6, Os l nguyn t c s th t ln nht nn c tnh kim loi yu nht.
Cu 36
Cho Mo (4d55s1); Cr (3d54s1); Mn (3d54s2); Br (4s24p5); I (5s25p5). Sp xp theo th t mc oxi ha cao
nht km bn dn (xt trong cng iu kin)
a)
MoO42- > Cr2O72- > MnO4- > IO65- > BrO4b)
Cr2O72- > MnO4- > MoO42- > BrO4- > IO65c)
MoO42- > MnO4- > Cr2O72- > IO65- > BrO4d)
Cr2O72- > MoO42- > MnO4- > BrO4- > IO65Sn phm ca 1 phn ng OXH Kh
Cu 37. Cc cht no di y c th l sn phm ca phn ng
a) CuSO4 + Ptrng + H2O
a) Cu , H3PO4
b) Cu3PO4 , H3PO4
c) Cu , H3PO3 , H3PO4
d) Cu, P2O5
Cu 26. Cc cht no di y l sn phm ca phn ng:
FeSO4 + KMnO4(d)+ H2SO4(long)
1) K2FeO4
2) Fe2(SO4)3
3) MnSO4
4) MnO2
a) 2 & 3
b) 1 & 3
c) 1 & 4
d) 2 & 4
Cu 32. Cc cht no di y l sn phm ca phn ng: Ni(OH)3 + HCl()
1) NiCl2
2) NiCl3
3) H2
4) Cl2
a) 2 & 3
b) 1 & 4
c) 2
d) 2 & 4
33
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Cu 38. Cc cht no di y c th l sn phm ca phn ng
Na2S2O3 (dd) + HCl
a) S , Na2SO3
b) S , SO2
c) H2S , SO2
d) H2S , Na2SO3
Cu 39. Nhng cht no c to thnh khi sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3?
1) Fe2S3
2) FeS
3) S
4) FeCl2
a) 3 & 4
b) 2 & 3
c) 1
d) c 4 cht
Cu 40. Km tan trong nhng cht no di y?
1) HCl()
2) HNO3
3) NH3(dd)
4) NaOH()
a) 1 , 2 & 4
b) 1 & 2
c) 3 & 4
d) C 4 cht trn
Cu 43. CuCl c iu ch nh nhng phn ng no di y?
1) Cu + HCl(dd)
2) Cu + Cl2 (un nng)
3) CuCl2(dd) + HCl + Cu
4) CuCl2(dd) + HCl + SO2
a) 2 & 3
b) 3 & 4
c) 1 & 2
d) C 4 phn ng
Cu 44. Nhng phn ng no di y thng c s dng iu ch kh chlor trong phng th
nghim?
1) KMnO4 (r) + HCl ()
2) MnO2 + HCl ()
3) CaOCl2 (r) + H2SO4 ()
4) KClO3 (r) + HCl ()
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 , 2 & 3
c) 1, 2 , 3 & 4
d) 2 & 3
Cu 31. Trong cng nghip nhng phng php no c s dng iu ch Oxygen?
1) Phn hy nhit kali permanganat.
2) Phn hy nhit bari peroxyt.
3) Chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
4) in phn nc.
a) 2 , 3 & 4
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 & 4
d) 3 & 4
Cu 45. C th s dng nhng hp cht no chuyn hp cht Cr(VI) thnh hp cht Cr(III)?
1) K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4(long)
2) K2Cr2O7 + (NH4)2S + H2O
3) K2CrO4 + H2SO4 ()
4) K2Cr2O7 + Na2CO3 + H2O
a) 1
b) 3 & 4
c) 1 & 2
d) 2
Cu 46. C th s dng nhng phn ng no di y iu ch: 1) Co(OH)3?
1) CoCl2 + NaOH + O2
2) CoCl2 + H2O2 + NaOH
3) CoCl2 + NaOCl + NaOH
4) CoCl2 + Br2 + NaOH
a) C 4 phn ng
b) 3 & 4
c) 2 & 4
d) 2 , 3 & 4
Cu 47. Ion (III) c to thnh trong cc phn ng no di y trong dung dch?
a) Fe(OH)3 + HCl
b) Co(OH)3 + HCl
c) Ni(OH)3 + HCl
d) Mn(OH)3 + HCl
Cu 48. CuCl c iu ch nh nhng phn ng no di y?
1) Cu + HCl(dd)
2) Cu + Cl2 (un nng)
3) CuCl2(dd) + HCl + Cu
4) CuCl2(dd) + HCl + SO2
a) 2 & 3
b) 3 & 4
c) 1 & 2
d) C 4 phn ng
Cu 49. Mangan dioxide to thnh trong phn ng no di y?
1) KMnO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
2) KMnO4 + SO2 + H2SO4 (long)
3) KMnO4 + C6H12O6 + KOH () 4) KMnO4 + H2S + H2O
a) 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Cu 50. Cht no c to thnh khi tng tc gia nc brom ly d vi kali iodide?
a) I2
b) HI
c) HIO3
d) HIO4
Cu 51. Cht no trong dung dch nc c th tc dng vi Clor?
a) NaBr
b) KBrO3
c) KF
d) KIO3
Cu 52. Mui no khi nung phn hy khng gii phng oxygen?
a) KMnO4
b) CaCO3
c) Cu(NO3)2
d) CaOCl2
Cu 53: Mangan c mc oxy ha bao nhiu sau khi kh kali permanganat trong mi trng kim m
c?
a) +2
b) +3
c) +4
d) +6
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Cu 54. Mangan c mc oxy ha bao nhiu sau khi kali permanganat b kh trong mi trng kim
yu:
a) +2
b) +3
c) +4
d) +6
Cu 55. Mangan c mc oxy ha bao nhiu sau khi kh kali permanganat trong mi trng trung
tnh?
a) +2
b) +3
c) +4
d) +6
Cu 56. Nhng cht no c to thnh do s tng tc ca mangan vi HCl?
1) MnCl2
2) MnCl3
3) MnCl4
4) H2
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 & 4
d) 3 & 4
Cu 57. Nhng cloride no c to thnh khi clor tc dng vi Mn?
a) MnCl2
b) MnCl4
c) MnCl5
d) MnCl6
Cu 58. Cht no ca mangan cn li trong dung dch khi MnO2 tc dng vi HCl()?
a) MnOCl2
b) MnCl3
c) MnCl4
d) MnCl2
Cu
Sn phn thu c khi nung nng hn hp mangan ioxit, mui bectl (KClO3) v kim l:
a) kali manganat
b) Kali permanganate
c) hn hp kali manganat v Kali permanganate
d) khng phn ng
Cu 59. Hp cht no ca mangan c to thnh khi nu nng chy MnO2 vi hn hp K2CO3 v
KClO3?
a) K4MnO4
b) K3MnO4
c) K2MnO4
d) KMnO4
Cu 61: Khi cho MnO2 tc dng vi KClO3 trong mi trng kim nng chy, sn phm thu c c
c tnh:
a. t n s Oxy ha dng cao nht (+7) v y l mi trng oxy ha mnh.
b. t n s oxy ha dng +6.
c. t n s oxy ha dng +4 v y l s oxy ha dng bn.
d. t n s Oxy ha dng + 2 v lin quan n vic s dng ht 2 electron trn phn lp ns.
Cu 60. Nhng cht no di y lm mt mu tm ca dung dch kali permanganat acid ha?
1) FeSO4
2)H2S
3) (NH4)2SO4
4) CO2
a) 1
b) 1 & 3
c) 1 & 2
d) 1 & 4
Cu 62. Cht no di y c to thnh khi cho MnSO4 tc dng vi K2S2O8 trong mi trng
KOH long?
a) KMnO4
b) K2MnO4
c) Mn2O3
d) MnO2
Cu 23. Cht no di y c to thnh khi cho MnSO4 tc dng vi K2S2O8 trong mi trng
KOH nng chy?
a) KMnO4
b) K2MnO4
c) Mn2O3
d) MnO2
Cu 63. Wolfram c thnh phn th no khi nung trong dng oxy?
a) WO2
b) WO3
c) W2O5
d) W2O3
Cu 33. Hp cht to thnh khi nung Molybden trong dng oxy?
a) MoO2
b) MoO3
c) Mo2O5
d) Mo2O3
Cu 64. Cht no c to thnh khi dn kh H2S qua dung dch HgCl2?
a) Hg2Cl2
b) Hg
c) HgS
d) Hg2S
Cu 65. Nhng kim loi no di y y bc khi dung dch mui ca n?
1) Zn
2) Sn
3) Cu
4) Hg
a) 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 , 2 & 3
d) c 4 kim loi trn.
Cu 1: Hp cht no c to thnh khi nung nng chy Cr2O3 vi K2S2O7?
a. KCrO2
b. K2CrO4
c. K2Cr2O7
35
d. Cr2(SO4)3
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1375 [Type text]
8: Chn p n ph hp nht. Dung dch nc ca nhng cht no c th s dng loi vt kh
hydro sulfua khi kh carbonic?
a) TlCl3 ; HgCl2
b) LaCl3 ; FeCl3
c) CoCl3 ; H2SeO3
d) ZrCl4 ; H2CrO4
Gii thch: (ch gii thch cho trng hp chn)
TlCl3 c tnh oxy ha mnh do Tl l nguyn t chu k 6 phn nhm IIIA nn Tl(+3) c tnh oxy
ha mnh. HgCl2 c tnh oxy ha kh mnh do Hg l kim loi c th kh ca cp Hg2+/Hg rt dng.
Ngoi ra HgS l sulfua c tch s tan rt nh.
8: Trong s cht hay hn hp cc cht di y cht no hay hn hp cht no c th c s dng
tinh ch kh Hydrogen khi tp cht SO2 ?
a) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 ()
b) H2O
c) H3PO4()
d) HNO3()
Gii thch:
V hn hp a) khng to thm sn phm kh khi oxy ha kh SO2
3SO2 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
8: Cht no di y khng th dng lm kh kh clo
a) CaO
b) P2O5 c) H2SO4
d) CaCl2
Gii thch:
Kh clo m tc dng vi CaO to clorua vi:
Cl2 + CaO = CaOCl2
Cc cht thm vo lm thay i th
Cu 66. Chn p n ng v nht: Cc cht sau, thm cht no vo dung dch Ag+ s lm gim
tnh oxy ha ca Ag+:
1/ NH3
2/ CN3/ HCl
4/ H2SO4
a. 1,2
b. 2,3
c. 3,4
d. Tt c cc cht
Cu 2: Cc cht sau, thm dung dch Ag+ vo cht no s lm tng tnh oxy ha ca Ag+:
1/ NH3
2/ CN3/ HCl
4/ H2SO4
a. 1,2
b. 2,3
c. 3,4
d. Khng c cht no
Cu 67: Cho dung dch HCl vo cc cp Oxy ha Kh sau y th nhng cp no s tng th kh
ln?
1. Cu2+/Cu
2. Cu+/Cu
3. Cu2+/Cu+ 4. Fe3+/Fe
5. Fe2+/Fe
a) 1, 3
b) 1, 2, 3
c) 1, 3, 4, 5
d) Tt c
Cu 68. Thm cht no di y vo lm tng tnh kh ca CoCl2?
1) NaOH ; 2) H2O ; 3) NH3 ; 4) HCl
a) 1 , 2 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 1
d) 1 & 3
5. Thm cht no di y vo lm tng tnh kh ca FeCl2?
a) NaCN
b) HCl
c) BaCl2
d) Khng c cht no trong s cc cht trn lm tng tnh kh ca FeCl2
Gii thch
Do ion cyanua l base lewis mnh, to phc cyano vi ion Fe3+ bn hn nhiu so vi phc cyano ca
ion Fe2+ (Fe3+ l acid Lewis mnh hn Fe2+) nn lm tng tnh kh ca ion Fe2+.
7: Cht no khi c mt s lm gim tnh oxy ha ca FeCl3 ( iu kin nhit v mi trng
thch hp)
1) CaO
2) NaCN
3) SiO2
4) B2O3
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Gii thch (ch cn gii thch phng n chn)
Mi trng base lm gim tnh oxy ha ca Fe(+3). CaO l base bronsted kh mnh v NaCN
c ion cyanua l base lewis mnh, do lm gim mnh tnh oxy ha ca Fe(+3).
36
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1375 [Type text]
69: Chn phng n ph hp nht. Khi thm cht no th lm tng tnh kh ca CoCl2 trong dung dch
nc 1. NaNO2 ; 2. NH3 ; 3. Na2SO4 ; 4. NaCN; 5. NaCl; 6. KNO3:
a.
b.
c.
d.
1, 2, 4
3, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
2, 4, 5
5. Chn phng n ph hp nht. Trng hp no lm tng tnh mnh kh ca CoCl2 khi thm vo
dung dch coban(II) clorua cc cht di y:
a) NaCN ; NaI
b) NaNO2 ; NH3
c) Na2SO4 ; NaOH
d) Khng c trng hp no c hai cht u lm tng mnh tnh kh ca coban(II) clorua.
NO2- v NH3 l cc phi t to phc bn vi Co3+ hn hn vi Co2+ , do lm tng mnh tnh
kh ca Co(+2).
Sinh vin no lp lun v vai tr base bronsted ca NaNO2 v NH3 trong trng hp ny cng cho
im l lun bnh thng
6: Thm nhng cht no di y vo lm tng tnh kh ca FeTiO3 nhit cao?
1) KOH ; 2) B2O3 ; 3) SiO2 ; 4)NaHCO3
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Tnh kh ca FeTiO3 mnh ln trong mi trng base. KOH l base mnh, cn NaHCO3
nhit cao phn hy thnh CO2(k) , H2O (k) v Na2CO3 . Natri carbonat l mt base mnh nhit
cao do phn hy cho CO2(k) v Na2O.
Cu 70: Xt cc yu t nh hng n s oxy ha - kh ca m t cht, hy chn cu ng:
a/ Khi tng nng H+ (tng pH) th tnh oxy ha tng
b/ Khi tng nng OH- (tng pH) th tnh kh tng
c/ Tnh Oxy ha kh b nh hng bi nhi t mnh hn l pH
d/ C a,b u ng
Cu 71. Thm cht no di y vo lm gim bn ca Na2FeO4?
1) KOH ; 2) Al2(SO4)3 ; 3) Na2CO3 ; 4) NH4Cl
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 2 , 3 & 4
d) 1, 3 & 4
Cu 72. Cht no thm vo lm tng bn ca K2MnO4 nhiu nht:
a) KOH
b) NaHCO3
c) NH4Cl
d) CO2
6: Thm nhng cht no di y vo lm gim bn ca Na2MnO4?
KOH ; 2) Cr(NO3)3 ; 3) NaHCO3 ; 4) (NH4)2SO4
1)
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 2, 3 & 4
d) 1
Gii thch
Hp cht manganat ch c th tn ti trong mi trng kim m c. Crom(III) nitrat v amoni
sulfat u l mui ca acid mnh, base yu nn chng c tnh acid, khi cho vo lm gim pH ca mi
trng.
Cu 73. Tnh oxy ha ca KClO3 yu nht trong mi trng no?
a) acid
b) trung tnh
c) base
d) cn ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng
Cu 74. Cc hp cht Fe(III) bn nht trong mi trng no?
a) Trung tnh
b) Acid
c) Base
d) Cn ty iu kin
Cu 75. Cht no di y khng c tnh oxy ha mnh trong bt c gi tr pH no ca mi trng?
a) Tl2(SO4)3
b) Na2SeO4
c) KBrO4
d) In2(SO4)3
nh hng ca p to ta, to phc n th kh (nh tnh)
Cu 76. Cho th kh tiu chun ca cp Cu2+/Cu+ nh sau:
Cu2+ + e = Cu+
o = +0,153V
(1)
37
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1375 [Type text]
-5.92
Bit tch s tan ca CuCl l 10 , hng s khng bn ca [CuCl2]- l Kkb = 10-5,35. Sp xp theo th t
tng dn th kh chun ca cc bn phn ng sau:
Cu2+ + Cl- + e- = CuCl(r)
(2) ; Cu2+ + 2Cl- + e- = [CuCl2]- (3)
a) 1 > 2 > 3
b) 1 > 3 > 2
c) 2 > 3 > 1
d) 3 > 1 > 2
Cu 77: Cho th kh tiu chun ca cp Fe3+(aq) + e Fe2+(aq) l +0,771V. Kho st s thay i ca
cp trn khi c mt CN-, bit hng s bn ca cc phc [Fe(CN)6]3- l 1043.9 v [Fe(CN)6]4- l 1036.9.
a. Tng
b. Khng i
c. Gim
d. Khng th xc nh.
+
o
Cu 78. Bit th kh chun ca Ag + e = Ag l = +0,799V; tch s tan ca Ag+ vi Cl-, Br-, I- ln
lt l 10-9.75, 10-12.28 v 10-16.08 250C. Th kh chun tng hay gim v thay i nhiu nht l khi c
mt cht no trong dung dch Ag+?
a) Gim, Clb) Tng, Ic) Gim, Brd) Gim, I-.
Cu 79: Trong cc cht sau, cht no khi thm dung dch Ag+ s lm tng tnh oxy ha ca Ag+:
1/ NH3
2/ CN3/ HCl
4/ H2SO4
a. 1,2
b. 2,3
c. 3,4
d. Khng c cht no
Cu 80. Cho bit qu trnh kh
Au3+ + 3e Au
o(V) = 1,50
Bit hng s khng bn ton phn ca cc phc AuX4- c cc gi tr nh sau :
[AuCl4] - = 10-21,3
[AuBr4] - = 10-31,5
[Au(SCN)4] - = 10-42
0
Th kh chun 25 C ca cc bn phn ng kh sau ln nht v nh nht ln lt l :
AuCl4- + 3e Au + 4Cl(1)
AuBr4 + 3e Au + 4Br
(2)
Au(SCN)4 + 3e Au + 4SCN
(3)
a) 3, 1
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 1
d) 2, 3
Cu 81: D on s thay i th kh ca cp Al3+/Al trong dung dch nc (ban u cho iu kin
chun) sau khi cho thm dung dch NH3 vo dung dch trn cng iu kin.
a. Gim do to kt ta Al(OH)3
b. Gim do Al3+ to phc vi NH3
c. Khng i v Al3+ khng phn ng vi NH3
d. Khng d on c
Cu 82: Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau. Trong cng iu kin:
1. Phc to bi ion kim loi vi ligand CN- thng bn hn so vi ligand Br- do CN- l phi t
trng mnh.
2. Th ca bn phn ng [Ni(CN)4]2-/Ni dng hn so vi th ca bn phn ng [NiBr4]2-/Ni.
3. Th ca bn phn ng [Ni(CN)4]2-/Ni m hn so vi th ca bn phn ng [NiBr4]2-/Ni.
4. bn ca phc khng nh hng n th ca bn phn ng Ni2+/Ni v khng th so snh th
ca bn phn ng oxy ha kh da trn bn ca phc m phi da vo nhiu yu t khc.
a. 1, 2 ng
b. 1, 3 ng
c. 2, 4 ng
d. 4 ng
Cu
Cho hng s bn ca phc [Fe(CN)6]3+ bng 1043,9.
So snh tnh oxy ha ca Fe(III) trong [Fe(H2O)6]3+ v [Fe(CN)6]3+:
a) [Fe(CN)6]3- mnh hn
b) [Fe(H2O)6]3+ mnh hn
c) Bng nhau
d) Khng c c s so snh.
38
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1375 [Type text]
Cu 15: Cho in cc gm mt thanh km nhng vo dung dch ZnSO 4. Khi thm NH3 vo dung dch,
th ca in cc s:
1. Gim do Zn2+ thy phn trong mi trng baz.
2. Gim do to phc [Zn(NH3)4]2+.
3. Tng do ion l lm tng tan ca mui ZnSO4.
4. Gim do mi trng baz lm gim th ca in cc.
5. Khng i do nng Zn2+ trong dung dch khng i
a. Ch 1,2 ng
b. 1,2,4 ng
c. 4 ng
d. 5 ng.
Tnh th kh ca cp OXH Kh lin hp t th ca cc cp khc

1.45
1 .6
1.087
Cu 83: Cho dy Latimer ca brom mi trng axit BrO3 HBrO Br2 Br
-
Tnh th kh ca cp BrO /Br v BrO -/Br

a) 1.32 v 1.35
b) 1.48 v 1.41
c) 1.52 v 1.45
d) 1.38 v 1.35
Cu 84: Cho dy Latimer ca Vanadi trong mi trng acid (pH = 0) nh sau:
[VO2 ] 0 .9996
[VO ]2 0 .337
V 3 0.255
V 2 1 .18 V
Th kh tiu chun cng iu kin ca cp [VO3]-/V3+ (V) l:
a. 0.57
b. 0.67
c. 0.77
d. 0.87
Cu 3: Da trn dy Latimer ca st trong mi trng acid (pH = 0) v base (pH = 14) cho bn di,
0
tnh FeO42 / Fe pH = 7 l:
pH 0 : FeO42 1,9 Fe3 0,771 Fe 2 0,441 Fe
pH 14 : FeO42 0,9 Fe(OH ) 3 0 ,56 Fe(OH ) 2 0 ,89 Fe
Tra li: pH = 14: Lurie khng c FeO42-/Fe(OH)3. Lindin:

FeO42 0 .720
FeO(OH ) 0.666
Fe(OH )2 0.875
Fe
a. 0,646V
b. 0,932V
c. 0.36V
d. Khng c p n no ng.
Cu 86
0
0
Tnh EN H / NH ti pH = 3. Bit E N / N H 0.23V v E N / NH 0.306 V
2
a) 1.112 V
b) 1.378 V
c) 0.536 V
d) 0.076 V
Cu 87
Xc nh E0 trong gin Latime ca Mangan trong mi trng acid
a)
b)
c)
d)
E0 = 1.14 V
E0 = 2.27 V
E0 = 0.95 V
E0 = 2.83 V
p dng phng trng Nernst tnh ton

39
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1375 [Type text]
Cu 4: Cho th kh tiu chun ca cp Ag+(aq) + e Ag(s) l +0,8 V. Tnh li th kh khi c mt Cltrong dung dch. Bit tch s tan ca AgCl l 10-9.75 cng iu kin.
a. -0,41V
b. +0,41V
c. +0,771V
d. 0.225V
Cu 89: Tnh sut in ng ca phn ng khi cho 5 ml dung dch Ce4+ 0.1M vo 5 ml dung dch Fe2+
0
0
0.3M (mi trng acid, nhit 250C), bit pH = 0: Fe 3 / Fe 2 0.771V ; Ce 4 / Ce 3 1.743V
0
0
Fe
0.77V , Ce
1.61V .
3
4
/ Fe 2
/ Ce3
a.
b.
c.
d.
Khng c p n.
0.753V
0.107V
0.003V.
Cu 6
Cho 5ml dung dch Ce4+ 0,1M vo 5ml dung dch Fe2+ 0,3M, nhit 250C.Tnh sut in ng ca
o
phn ng ti thi im dung dch cn li 50% ion Ce 4+(mi trng acid, nhit 250C). Bit Ce4 / Ce3
= 1,61 V v Fe3 / Fe2 = 0,77 V.
o
a)
b)
c)
d)
0,881 V
0,840 V
0,607V
0,799V
40
[Type the document title]

Cu 90: Dng gin Latimer ca Fe trong mi trng pH = 0 khi khng c mt ion CN- v
c mt ion CN- cho di y, xc nh hng s bn ca cc phc Fe(CN)63- v Fe(CN)64-.
[ Fe(CN )6 ]3 0 .361[ Fe(CN )6 ]4 1 .16 Fe
Fe3
Fe 2
0.771
0.44
Fe
a) Khng th xc nh do khng thng tin

b) pK b Fe CN 3 = -31,3 v pK b Fe CN 4 = -24,4
c) pK b Fe CN 63 = 31,3 v pK b Fe CN 64 = 24,4
d) pK b Fe CN 63 = -31,3 v pK b Fe CN 64 = 24,4
Cu 91
Cho gin Latimer ca Clo trong mi trng acid (pH = 0
ClO4 1 .19 ClO3 1 .21 HClO2
Cl 1.359 Cl2 1.63 HClO 1.64
Tnh th kh ca cc bn phn ng oxy ha - kh sau pH=7
(1) ClO4 + 2H+ + 2e ClO3 + H2O
(2) ClO3 + 2H+ + 2e ClO2 + H2O
1.97
Bit K HClO2 10
a) 0.777V, 0.768V
b) 0.85 V, 0.90V
c) 0.95 V, 0.865V
d) Khng th xc nh
Cu 92: Cho th kh tiu chun ca cp Cu+(aq) + 2e Cu(s) l +0,52 V. Tnh li th kh

ca cp ny khi c mt NH3 trong dung dch. Bit hng s khng bn ca phc [Cu(NH3)2]+
l 10-10,86 cng iu kin.
a. -0,54V
b. +0,54V
c. +0,46V
d.Khng c p n ng
+
Cu 93. Cho th kh tiu chun ca cp Cu (aq) + e Cu(s) l +0,52 V. Tnh li th kh

tiu chun (V) khi c mt I- trong dung dch. Bit tch s tan ca CuI l10 -11.96 cng iu
kin.
a) +0,472V
c) -0,375V
c) +0.278V
d) -0.185V
L thuyt v gin Latimer v gin Frost
Cu 94 : Da vo gin Frost ta kt lun c:
a) dc ng ni cc hp cht cng ln th tc nhn th hin tnh oxy ha (kh) cng
yu.

b) Hp cht nm pha trn bn phi l cht oxy ha i vi cht nm pha di bn tri
ca chng.
c) Hp cht nm pha trn ng ni hai cu t nm ln cn n th hai cu t ny d
cng hp thnh hp cht .
d) Hp cht y gin thng l sn phm khng bn ca qu trnh oxy ha kh.
Cu 95: Da vo gin Frost ta kt lun c:
a) Hp cht nm pha di ng ni hai cu t ln cn rt d b d ly thnh hai cu t
ln cn .
b) Hp cht nm pha trn bn tri l cht kh i vi cht nm pha di bn phi ca
chng.
c) Hp cht nm pha trn ng ni hai cu t nm ln cn n th hai cu t ny d
cng hp thnh hp cht .
d) Hp cht y gin thng l sn phm khng bn ca qu trnh oxy ha kh.
Cu 96: Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau v gin Latimer:
a) Cc dng hp cht ca nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn s oxy ha.
b) Dy Latimer ca cng m t nguyn t trong mi trng kim c th kh ln hn
trong mi trng acid vi cc c p oxy ha kh tng ng.
c) Trong dy, th O-K lun gim t tri sang phi.
d) Cc cu trn u sai.
3. Khi biu din gin Latimer:
a. Cc dng hp cht ca nguyn t c sp theo chiu gim m in.
b.Th Oxy ha kh phi tng t phi sang tri.
c. Mi qu trnh phi km theo th Oxy ha kh tng ng.
d. cu b v c ng.
Cu 12. Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau v nguyn tc thit lp gin
Latimer:
1) Cc dng hp cht ca nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn s oxy ha.
2)Th kh ca mt c p oxy ha kh lin hp trong mi trng acid thng ln hn
th kh ca n trong mi trng base.
3)Trong dy Latimer, th O-K lun gim t tri sang phi.
4)Trong dy Latimer khng c cc dng cht km bn v khng th o c th kh
ca chng.
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 & 4
d) 1 , 3 & 4
Theo em th cu hi ny phi sa li l: Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau v
nguyn tc thit lp gin Latimer:
V trong 3) Trong dy Latimer, th O-K lun gim t tri sang phi th ny ch ng
cho nguyn tc thit lp ca Latimer thi, cn trong dy Latimer vn c nhng v tr m th
O-K bn phi cao hn bn tri (im d ly vi phm nguyn tc khng bn)
p dng Latimer xc nh cht d ly, nh hp
Cu 97:
0.99
1.5
RuO
RuO4
1.6 RuO
Ru (OH
) 22 0.86 Ru 3 0.24 Ru 2 0.8 Ru

4
2
Da vo gin Latimer ca Ru, s cc bn hp cht b d ly v nh hp pH ny l:
a. 2 cht
b. 1 cht
c. 3 cht
d. Khng c p n no bn trn chnh xc.

Cu 98
Cho gin Latimer cc hp cht ca Clo trong mi trng acid nh sau:
Dng Oxi ha kh no ca Clo khng bn vng trong mi trng acid?

ClO3-, ClO2, HClO2
a)
ClO3-, ClO2, HClO
b)
ClO2, Cl2, HClO
c)
HClO, Cl2, Cld)
Cu 99
Cho gin Latimer ca Nito trong mi trng base
S hp cht b d ly trong gin trn l:

a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 3
Cu 9. Cho cc dy Latimer sau:
Trong gin trn, c bao nhiu dng hp cht (ion) d ly (tnh c mi trng acid ln base):
a) 4
b) 3
c) 6
d) 5
Cu 10. Cho dy Latimer ca nguyn t Oxy:
O2 0 .694
H 2O2 1 .77 H 2O
0.095
O2
H2O2
1.763
H2O
Nhn xt no sau y l khng chnh xc:

a)
b)
H2O2 c tnh oxy ha

H2O2 khng bn iu ki n thng.

c)
d)
iu ki n thng H2O v O2 c th kt hp to thnh H2O2

H2O2 c th ng vai tr cht kh trong phn ng oxy ha kh.
Cu 5: T d kin gin Latimer ca Cr pH = 0, cc hp cht nh hp trong mi trng

axit l:
Cr2O72 1 ,33 Cr 3 0 , 41 Cr 2 0 ,91 Cr
a.
Cr3+, Cr2+
b.
Cr2O72 , Cr
c.
Cr(V), Cr(IV)
Khng c hp cht nh hp.
d.
p dng gin Frost

Cu 100
Cho gin Frost ca Nito pH = 14:
Chn pht biu ng:

1) Sn phm nhit ng cui cng ca qu trnh oxi ha - kh l N2
2) Cc dng bn: N2H4, N2, NO23) Cht d b d ly: NH2OH, NO, N2O4, N2O
4) NH2OH c tnh oxi ha mnh hn tnh kh
5) Tnh cht c trng ca NO2- l tnh oxi ha
a) 3, 4, 5
b) 1, 2, 3
c) 2, 3, 5
d) 1, 4, 5
Cc cu hi p dng thc t
Cu 101: Phng php chun iod l mt trong nhng php chun kh thng dng v
ch th thng dng l h tinh bt. Chn pht biu ng v phng php ny:
1. Khng th tin hnh qu trnh trong mi trng acid mnh v tinh bt s b thy phn
v lm nh hng n im tng ng ca php chun .
2. Phi tin hnh trong mi trng trung tnh v khi tng pH, th kh ca cc cht s
tng ln.
3. Nu tin hnh phn ng trong mi trng kim mnh, phn ng ca I2 s xy ra:
I 2 2OH IO I H 2O , trong mi trng acid mnh, phn ng

I +O 2 4 H I 2 2 H 2O .

4. Mi trng thch hp cho qu trnh chun l mi trng trung tnh hoc mi
trng baz mnh.
a. 1, 2, 3 ng
b. 2, 3, 4 ng
c. 1, 3, 4 ng
d. 1, 2, 4 ng
Cu 102: Chn pht biu chnh xc trong cc pht biu sau: Khi iu ch thuc tm (KMnO4)
t MnO2 bng phng php nung nng chy sau trung ha bng axit th hiu sut l thuyt
thu sn phm cui c c im:
a. t 100% nu cc phn ng thnh phn u t 100%.
b. Ch t < 70% v phn ng khng bao gi ht c MnO2
c. Ch t ti a < 70% v trong hn hp sn phm bao gi cng thu li 1 lng
MnO2.
d. Khng th t 100% v cc phn ng thnh phn khng bao gi t 100%.
Cu hi tng hp
Cu 103
Chn p n ng:
1) Hp cht cng bn vng th kh nng hot ng ha hc cng mnh.
2) i vi m t phn ng Oxi ha - Kh, mi trng base lm tng tnh kh ca cht kh,
mi trng acid lm tng tnh Oxi ha ca cht Oxi ha.
3) Khi cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh trong mi trng trung tnh, nu dng oxi ha ca cht
oxi ha cha nhiu nguyn t oxy hn dng kh ca n th phi thm nc vo v tri, OHvo v phi.
4) Trong dung dch nc khong 250C, phn ng Cu 2e Cu2+ c
0
Cu 2 / Cu Cu
2
/ Cu
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cu 104
0.059 Cu 2
lg
2
Cu
2,3,4
2,3
1,2,3
1,3,4
Trong cc pht biu sau y, pht biu no khng chnh xc.

(1) nh lut tun hon th cp gii thch hin tng gy ra do s xut hin ca
phn lp d, lm thay i s phn b mt in tch ca electron, lm gim t
ngt s km bn vng mc oxy ha dng cao nht ca cc nguyn t trong
chu k IV v VI.
(2) Tt c cc nguyn t phn nhm chnh trong mt chu k khi i t tri sang
phi s oxy ha dng cao nht km bn dn, do mt in tch dng tng
v bn knh gim.
(3) i vi rt nhiu phn ng, mi trng acid lm tng mnh tnh kh, mi
trng base lm tng mnh tnh oxi ha.
(4) Da trn gin Latimer ta c th d on c kh nng d ly v nh hp ca cc trng
thi oxy ha ca m t nguyn t trong mi trng acid hay base.
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 1, 3

c) 2, 3
d) 1, 4
2. Chn cu sai:
a) Cc nguyn t mc oxy ha trung gian c th l cht kh cng c th l cht oxy ha.
b) Nguyn t mc oxy ha km bn c xu hng chuyn v mc oxy ha bn hn.
c) iu kin thng, kh Clo l cht oxy ha mnh.
d) Nng , nhit , pH, tc phn ng l cc yu t nh hng n th kh.
Nhm cc cu dng chung d liu
Nhm 1
Cu 1. Cho dy Latimer (cc th kh tiu chun pH =0, V) ca dy hp cht ca Cu sau:
Cu 3 1.8 Cu 2 0 .159
Cu 0 .520
Cu
Tm gi tr th kh tiu chun ca Cu2+/Cu (V) cng iu kin?

a) 0.679
b) 0.361
c) 0.340
d) 0.76
Cu 2. Trong gin Frost ca dy Cu trn, gi tr h s gc ca on thng ni Cu2+ n
Cu+ so vi gi tr h s gc on ni Cu+ n Cu s:
a) Nh hn
b) Ln hn
c) Khng i
d) Khng th so
snh.
Nhm 2
S dng gin Frost pH = 0 (HNH 1) cho bn di cho 3 cu hi sau y
Cu 1. Cc hp cht bn nhit ng, l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh oxy ha kh l:

a) Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, V3+, Ti3+.
b) Ni2+, Co3+, Fe2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, V3+, Ti3+.
c) Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, V2+, Ti3+.
d) Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Mn3+, V3+, Ti3+.
Cu 2. Cc hp cht b d ly l:
a) H2MnO4, HMnO3, Ti3+, Cu+.
b) H2MnO4, HMnO3, Mn3+, Cu+.
c) H2MnO4, HMnO3, Sc3+, Ca2+.
d) H2MnO4, HMnO3, Mn3+, Cu2+.
Cu 3. Chn pht biu ng:
a) Cu c tnh kh v d dng chuyn sang so vi Cu+ v l kim loi.
b) Sn phm bn cui cng ca dy cc hp cht Mn pH = 0 l MnO2.
c) CoO2, H2Cr2O7 v H2FeO4 l nhng cht oxy ha rt mnh.
d) Th kh tiu chun ca cp HMnO4/H2MnO4 cao hn so vi cp HMnO3/MnO2 v
chng mc oxy ha dng cao hn.

Nhm 3
Cho gin Latimer ca S, dng trong 5 cu lin tip sau y:
(3)
HSO4
0.253
S 2O62
0.569
H
3
2 SO
(2)
S 2O32
(1)
SO4 2
0.600
0.144
H 2 S ( pH
0)
0.50
0
0.936
0.576
SO32

S 2O32
0.742
0.476
HS
( pH
14)
(4)
Cu 1 Xc nh cc gi tr ca bn phn ng kh ti cc v tr (1), (2), (3), (4) trn gin

Latimer ca lu hynh cho bn trn.
a) (1): 0.158 V, (2): 0.400 V, (3)0.386 V, (4) -0.2806 V
b) (1): 0.411 V, (2): -0.400 V, (3)0.006 V, (4)0.2806 V
c) (1): 0.158 V, (2):-0.218 V, (3) 0.176 V, (4)-0.2608 V
d) Khng c p n ng
Cu 2. Da theo gin Latimer ca S bn trn, xc nh cc hp cht b d ly trong cc mi
trng tng ng:
Axit: S 2O62 , S2O32 , H 2 SO3 , Baz : S2O32
a)
Axit: S 2O62 , H 2 SO3 , Baz: SO32 , S2O32
b)
2
2
2
c) Axit: S2O6 , S 2O3 , Baz: SO3 , S
Axit: S 2O62 , S2O32 , H 2 S , Baz: khng c hp cht b d ly.
d)
Cu 3. T d kin gin Latimer ca S bn trn, xc nh cc hp cht nh hp l:
Axit: S 2O62 , S , Baz: S 2O32 , SO32
a)
2
b) Axit: S , H 2 SO3 , Baz: S2O3
Axit: S2O32 , S 2O62 , Baz: S 2O32 , SO32
c)
Khng c hp cht nh hp.
d)
Cu 4. Da theo gin Latimer ca S bn trn, xc nh gi tr ca cc v tr trong gin
Latimer sau pOH = 6:
SO4 2
(1)
SO
32 (2)

S 2O32 (3) S (4) HS
a) (1): -0.467 V, (2): -0.157 V, (3) -0.166 V, (4) 0.333 V
b) (1): -0.389V, (2):-0.088V, (3)-0.0171V, (4) 0.31V
c) (1): 0.467 V, (2): 0.157 V, (3) 0.0171 V, (4) -0.31V
d) Khng c p n ng
Cu 5. T gin Latimer ca S cho bn trn, xc nh gi tr pH m t hp cht S2O32chuyn t d ly sang khng b d ly (nu c)?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 9
d) Khng phi cc gi tr trn.
Cu 6: T gin Latimer ca S cho bn trn, xc nh cc hp cht b d ly v nh hp

pOH=6:
a.
D ly: SO32 ; nh hp: SO42

D ly: S ; nh hp: SO32
b.
2
2
c. D ly: S , SO3 ; nh hp: S2O3
Khng c hp cht d ly, nh hp.
d.
Nhm 4
Dng thng tin sau y cho 2 cu tip theo
iu ch Cr(VI) oxoanion t qung cromit, phn ng gia FeCr2O4 v KOH nng chy
c tin hnh trong mi trng oxy khng kh (giai on 1). Sau hn hp sn phm c
ha tan vo nc v c acid ha tin hnh thu c Cr(VI) oxoanion (giai on 2).
Cu 1: Cc phn ng din ra trong qu trnh c m t
1. FeCr2O4 6 KOH 2.5O2 K 2 FeO4 2 K 2CrO4 3H 2O
2. FeCr2O4 4 KOH 1.5O2 FeO 2 K 2CrO4 2H 2O
2
3
3. 2 FeO4 ( dd ) 4 H ( dd ) 2e 2 Fe ( dd ) 3O2( k ) 2 H 2O( l )
2
4. 2CrO4 ( dd ) 2 H ( dd ) O3 CrOCrO3 ( dd ) H 2O(l )
2
5. FeO( dd ) 2 H ( dd ) Fe ( dd ) 2 H 2O( l )
2CrO42 ( dd ) H 2O HCrO4( r ) OH ( dd )
Giai on 1: 1 v Giai on 2: 3, 4
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cu 2: Chn pht biu ng v qu trnh c m t trn:

1. Phn ng trong giai on 1 cn tin hnh trong mi trng KOH nng chy to
hn hp sau phn ng bn.
2. Trong giai on 2, ch c phn ng acid- base theo Lewis.
3. Qu trnh acid ha ch gip loi b tp cht v lng d ca tc cht sau giai on 1,
trung ha lng KOH d v phn ng vi FeCr2O4.
4. Qu trnh acid ha ng vai tr rt quan trng qua qu trnh iu ch do qu trnh trn
gp phn lm chuyn dng tn ti ca ion Cr v Fe trong hn hp phn ng v trung
ha lng KOH d sau phn ng.
a. 2, 4 ng
b. 1, 4 ng
c. 1, 3 ng
d. 2, 3 ng
Nhm 5
Cho gin Latimer ca carbon (pH = 0). Dng gin cho 2 cu tip theo
CO 2
0.114
-0.104
HCOOH
0.029
CO
HCHO
0.517
Cu 1: Xc nh th ca cp C/CH4
a. 0.82V
0.237
CH 3OH
0.583
CH 4

b. 0.132 V
c. 0.264V
d. 0.41 V
Cu 2: Gin Forst ca Carbon cng pH c dng:
(a)
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
(b)
(c)
Hnh (a).
Hnh (b)
Hnh (c)
Khng c p n ng
Nhm 6
Dng gin Latimer ca Re ti iu kin pH = 0 v pH = 14 di y cho 2 cu lin tip
sau:
0.72
0.40
Re O
Re O
Re
O2 0.276 Re ( pH 0)
4
3
Re O
4
0.7
Re O
3
0.5
ReO2
0.58
Cu 1: Gin Latimer ca Re pH = 3 l
0.7
Re O3
0.3 Re O2
a. Re O
4
0.5
Re
O3
0.5
b. Re O4
2
3
Re O
c. Re O
Khng c p n ng.
d.
0.1
0.4
Re O2
Re O2
Re ( pH
0.28
0.1
1.0
14)
Re
Re
Re
Cu 2: Chn p n chnh xc nht:

a) Cc dng hp cht ca Re u khng b d ly trong c 2 mi trng acid v base.
b) Ti pH =4.3 th ReO3 chuyn t trng thi khng b d ly sang trng thi b d ly.
c) Dng ReO3 pH=14 s b d ly.
d) Cu b v cu c u ng.
Nhm 7
Cho gin Latimer ca Br v V pH = 0 nh di y cho 2 cu tip theo sau:

Cu 1: Xc nh hng s cn bng ca bn phn ng d ly HOBr pH = 0
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.8 106
3.4 104
0.7 107
8.5 105
Cu 2: Sn phm thu c khi cho mt lng d BrO3- vo dung dch V3+ pH = 0

a. Br v VO 2
b. Br2 v VO 2
2
c. BrO 4 v V
d. Br- v VO2+.
Nhm 8
Cu 1: Da trn gin Frost ca Nit bn di, trong mi trng acid v base c tng
cng my dng d c to thnh do phn ng nh hp?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 4
d. 2
Cu 2: Da trn gin Frost ca N bn di, chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau:
a. N2O4 u d b d ly trong c hai mi trng.
b. S oxy ha -1 rt d b d ly nn khng bn trong c hai mi trng.
c. N2 l dng sn phm nhit ng cui trong c 2 mi trng.
d. Trong mi trng base, NO2- l sn phm nh hp gia NO v N2O4.
Nhm 9
Dng nhng d kin sau cho 4 cu tip theo:
(1) ClO3 , (2) HClO2 , (3) ClO2 , (4)ClO2 , (5) ClO , (6) HClO, (7) Cl , (8)HClO3
E
X1
ClO4
1.201
B 1.674
X3
X2
Cl2
1.358
D ( pH
0)

Cu 6: Chn pht biu ng. Da vo gin Frost v Latimer ca Clo trong mi trng
axit v baz, nhn thy:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trong mi trng axit hp cht c tnh oxy mnh nht l ClO2Hp cht bn hn ca Clo trong mi trng axit v baz l nhng hp cht c s oxy
ha l ph hp vi quy tc chn l.
T mi trng pH =1 n pH=14 tnh kh ca cc hp cht Clo gim.
Khi sc kh Cl2 vo trong nc, sn phm to ra l Cl- v ClO-

a.
b.
c.
d.
1, 2, 3
1, 3, 4
1, 2, 4
2, 3, 4
Cu 1: Xc nh cc gi tr X1, X2 v X3
a. X1= 1.181 V, X2= 0.890 V, X3=1.765V
b. X1= 1.181 V, X2= 1.630V, X3=1.468V
c. X1= 1.175 V, X2= 0.682V, X3=1.659V

d. Khng c p n ng
Cu 2: Hp cht b d ly v nh hp pH=0 l:
D ly:
a.
b. D ly:
D ly:
c.
D ly:
d.
ClO , ClO2 ; nh hp: ClO3 , Cl2
HClO2 ; nh hp: ClO3 , Cl2

ClO4 , ClO2 ; nh hp: ClO2 , Cl
HClO, ClO2 ; nh hp: ClO3 , Cl2
3
Cu 3: Vit bn phn ng kh v tnh th kh ca cp oxy kh sau: Cl Cl ; ClO4 / Cl ti

pH=0
a.
b.
c.
d.
2 HClO2 6e 6 H Cl2 4 H 2O, 1.659V

ClO4 8e 8H Cl 4 H 2O , 1.585V
2ClO2 6e 8 H Cl2 4 H 2O, 1.659V
ClO4 8e 8H Cl 4 H 2O , 1.585V
2ClO2 6e 8 H Cl2 4 H 2O, 1.723V
ClO4 8e 8H Cl 4 H 2O, 1.85V
2ClO2 6e 8 H Cl2 4 H 2O, 2.549V
ClO4 8e 8H Cl 4 H 2O , 1.58V
Dng nhng d kin sau cho 5 cu tip theo:Cho gin Frost ca Clo pH=14:
A
B
C
Cl2
Cu 7: Da trn gin trn, cc hp cht b km bn l:

a. Cl2, A, C
b. Cl2, D, B
c. E, B, D
d. A, C, E

Cu 8: in vo cc v tr A E sau:
A B C D Cl2 E ( pH 14)
a. (A) ClO4 , ( B) ClO3 ,(C ) ClO2 , ( D) HClO, ( E ) Cl
b. (A) HClO4 , ( B ) HClO3 , (C ) HClO2 , ( D ) ClO , ( E ) Cl
c. (A) ClO4 , ( B)ClO3 , (C ) ClO2 , ( D) ClO , ( E ) Cl

d. Khng d kin xy dng
Cu 9: Xc nh cc th ca bn phn ng kh tng ng:

a.
b.
c.
d.
A
(1)
B
(2)
C
(3) D (4) Cl2 (5) E ( pH
(1) 0.374 V, (2) -0.481V, (3) 1.071V, (4) 0.295, (5) -1.358V
(1) 0.374, (2) 0.295V, (3) 0.681V, (4) 0.421, (5) 1.358V
(1) 0.295 V, (2) 0.295V, (3) 0.890, (4) 0.295, (5) 1.358V
(1) 0.374 V, (2) 0.295V, (3) 0.421V, (4) 0.295, (5) -1.358V
14)
Cu 10: Cc sn phm (c th c) tn ti trong mi trng dung dch nc c pH = 14 khi

cho hp cht KClO4 tc dng vi cht kh:
a.
b.
c.
d.
HClO3, Cl-, HClO

ClO3-, Cl-, HClO
ClO3-, Cl-, ClOKhng th xc nh.
Nhm 10
Cu 28. Cht no ca Brom b d ly trong mi trng acid?
a) BrO3b) BrOc) Br2
d) BrO4Cho bit dy Latimer ca Brom pH = 0
1,478
- 1,853
BrO4
BrO3
- 1,447
HBrO
1,504
Br2
1,0652
Br-
1,341
Cu 29. Da vo dy Latimer ca bi trn tnh th kh ca bn phn ng:

BrO4- + 7H+ + 6e = HBrO + 3H2O
a) 0,551
b) 0,270
c) -0,406
d) 1,582
Cu 59. Cc hp cht no di y l peroxide?

1) Na2O2 2) MnO2
3) BaO2
4) TiO2
a) 1 & 3
b) 1
c) 1 , 2 & 3
d) 1 , 3 & 4
Cu 11: Cho cc bn phn ng sau (nng cc cht trong dung dch l 1M, p sut cc cht
kh l 1 atm). Cc gi tr no ca trong cc phn ng tng ng sau y l th kh tiu
chun?
1/ Li(s) - eLi+(aq) , T=298K, 1
3/ K+(aq) + e K(s) , T=273K, 3
a. 1,4
b. 4
Cu 24. Cho bit h s t lng ca
th t tng ng).
2/ O2(g)+2H2O(l)+4e 4OH(aq), T= 273K,2

4/ Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s) , T= 298K, 4
c. 1, 3, 4
d. 2,3
natri vanadat v km khi phng trnh cn bng (theo

2NaVO3 + 3Zn(d) + 6H2SO4(long) 2VSO4 + 3ZnSO4 + Na2SO4 + 6H2O
a) 2, 3
b) 4 , 6
c) 1, 3
d) 2, 4
Trong cu ny, theo em mnh phi sinh vin t cn bng ch ?
Cu 28
Cc h s trong phng trnh sau khi cn bng ln lt l (theo th t a,b,c,d,e,f):
aAu + bNaCN + cO2 + dH2O eNa[Au(CN)2] + fNaOH.
a) 4, 8, 1, 1, 4, 4
b) 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6
c) 4,8,1,2,4,4
d) 4, 6, 2, 1, 6, 3
Cu 32. Thy ngn chim v tr no trong dy in th kim loi?
a) Bn tri km
b) Gia km v hydrogen
c) Gia hydrogen v vng
d) Bn phi vng
Cu 4: Cho bit trng thi tn ti ca Cr(VI) v Cr(III) pH = 8
a.
Cr2O72 v Cr3+
b.
Cr2O72 v Cr(OH)3
c.
CrO42 v Cr(OH)3
CrO42 v Cr3+
d.
1191
Cu 28. Cho bit nhng kim loi no di y khng c kh nng b th ng ha

1) Zr
2) Sc
3) Ni
4) Cu
a) 3 & 4
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 , 2 & 4
d) 2 , 3 & 4
V vi cu hi nh th ny th 2) cng l p n ng m thy
Cu 15. Tm trng hp nhn xt sai khi so snh mnh cht oxy ha ca cc cp cht sau
(xt trong cng iu kin)
a) H2SO4 < H2TeO4
b) GeO2 < PbO2
c) KMnO4 < Na2Cr2O7
d) Na3VO4 > Na3NbO4
Cho dy ha quang ph ca mt s phi t theo chiu gim dn mnh ca trng phi t:

CO; CN- > NO2- > NH3 > NCS- > H2O > OH->> F-> SCN-> Cl- > Br- >I-
56

BT Va TN Chuong 3

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BT Va TN Chuong 3

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[Type text]

1375 [Type text]

Phn ng : NiS + 2O2 = NiSO4

1375 [Type text]

2H2S + 3O2 = 2H2SO3

Hay chnh xc hn l c lin kt pi khng nh ch:

Nguyn t S trung tm c s oxi ha l +4 v nguyn t S bin c s ox ha l 0. Do nguyn t lu

1375 [Type text]

1375 [Type text]

c) p dng ngha cp oxy ha kh lin hp v suy t cu b rt ra trong mt chu k t tri qua

a) Phng trnh phn t:

Gii (*) thu c lg[H+] = 0,189 = lg100,189

Gii (1) thu c: lg[H+] = -2,27 = lg10-2,27 ,

1375 [Type text]

T cc gi tr th cho hy nhn xt:

+ 0,059lg TCuCl = 0,521 + 0,059lg (1,2.10-6) = 0.172 (V)

+ 0,059lg TCuBr = 0,521+ 0,059lg(5,2.10-9) = 0,032(V)

c) CuI/Cu.I- = Cu+/Cu + 0,059lg TCuI = 0,521 + 0,059lg(1,110-12) = - 0,185(V)

So snh th kh ca Co(III)/Co(II) khi khng c v c mt ammoniac vi th kh ca oxy iu

I2 (r) + 2e 2ILy 2x(1) - (2) c:

Xut pht t bn phn ng pH = 0:

1375 [Type text]

Cht oxy ha mnh:

hn hp nng chy KOH, KClO3

* Cho MnO2 vo, to hn hp KOH, KClO3, MnO2.

1375 [Type text]

1375 [Type text]

Nng mol ca NaCl:

** Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng (1)

*** Tnh nng ng(II) sulfat lc cn bng:

1375 [Type text]

Gi tr b cho thy gi thit t ra l ng.

Cr3+: 3d3 ; Cr2+: 3d4

Tuy nhin, s liu bng 1 cho thy c s ln bt thng th kh ca cp Mn(III)/Mn(II), iu

1375 [Type text]

Cu2+ + e Cu+ (1)

1375 [Type text]

Thay cc s liu trong bi vo biu thc (***), tnh c :

V d : Xt cp oxy ha kh lin hp Co3+/Co2+ :

Hng dn : Sinh vin c th s dng cc v d khc tng t, vi base Lewis l cc

Cu 4: Hy thit lp gin Frost ca P (pH = 0 v pH = 14) rt cc nhn xt c th. (nhn xt v

1375 [Type text]

1375 [Type text]

Mi trng base (pH = 14):

Cc dng khng bn trong dung dch nc? Gii thch.

Mi trng acid (pH = 0):

2HClO2 = ClO3- + HClO + H+

Mi trng base (pH = 14):

0 = 0,681 0,295 = 0,386V

Cl2 + 2OH- = ClO- + Cl- + H2O

0 = 1,358 0,421 = 0,937V

Nh vy, Cl(III) km bn c trong mi trng acid v mi trng base, cn kh clor tan

Tnh th kh chun ca cp ClO3-/Cl2

p dng nh lut Hess c:

Gii tng t cho trng hp trong mi trng base (pH = 14):

Cu 6: So snh s bin i tnh oxy ha ca cc hp cht HXO v HXO 4 vi X l cc nguyn t

Cc dy Latimer ca Oxy trong mi trng nc cho thy Oxy khng c s oxy ha

C th xut pht t dy Latimer pH = 0 cng nh pH = 14 tnh. Tuy nhin, do khi tnh cn lu

b) ClO3- + H2O + 2e = ClO2- + 2OH0,059

t x l thy phn ca ClO2- pH = 7, c: [ClO2-]cb = 1- x v [HClO2]cb = x

1375 [Type text]

2ClO- + 2H2O + 2e = Cl2(k) + 4OHCch gii tng t phn b v c

1375 [Type text]