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1.ზურაბიშვილი. თვისებრივი კვლევა
1.ზურაბიშვილი. თვისებრივი კვლევა
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manamde, jer kidev 1895 wels, pirveli sociologiuri Jurnali, American Journal of
Sociology, Cikagos universitetis sociologiis fakultetze iqna daarsebuli albion
smolis mier.
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damuSavebis da gamoyenebis meTodebis erToblioba. furclebze ver gamoinaxa adgili verc Tvisebrivi meTodebisaTvis da verc
Cikagos sociologiuri skolis warmomadgenlebisaTvis. magram es gamarjveba ar
socialuri kvlevis meTodologia — samecniero kvlevis logika, romelic
iyo xangrZlivi — meore msoflio omis Semdeg ganaxlda da Semdgom TandaTan
erTian sistemaSi aerTianebs mis principebs, wesebsa da meTodebs. socialur
gaizarda mkvlevrebis interesi Tvisebrivi meTodebis mimarT, romlebic dRes
kvlevaSi meTodologia ganixileba rogorc kvlevis Teoriuli safuZveli,
sul ufro da ufro myar adgils ikaveben socialur gamokvlevebSi.
ukavSirdeba mis problemur monaxazs da Tavis gamoxatulebas poulobs
gamokvlevis programaSi.
moderatori — fokus-jgufis wamyvani, romelic SeiZleba iyos rogorc Tavad “meTodebis konfliqti” dRes
mkvlevari, aseve mowveuli piri. Tumca raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi meTodebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
monografiuli gamokvleva — kvleviTi midgoma socialur mecnierebebSi, erTmaneTisagan, ar arsebobs erTazrovani pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu romelia am
meTodebidan “ukeTesi” da romeli — “uaresi”, an romels unda mivaniWoT
romelic ramdenime meTods aerTianebs; cnobilia, agreTve “SemTxvevis Seswavlis”
saxeliT. es midgoma upirveles yovlisa gamoirCeva imiT, rom mis farglebSi upiratesoba. yvela meTods aqvs Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxareebi, yvela SeiZleba
kargi da saWiro iyos Tavis adgilas, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ra sakiTxis
mravali meTodi gamoiyeneba (upirveles yovlisa — CarTuli dakvirveba), savele
samuSaoebi ki Zalian didi xnis manZilze grZeldeba. Tumca yvelaze xSirad Seswavlas vapirebT da ra kvleviT kiTxvebze veZebT pasuxs. kvlevis meTodis
SerCeva konkretuli kvleviTi amocanidan gamomdinare unda moxdes — aris
monografiuli gamokvleva Tvisebriv meTodebTan asocideba, mis farglebSi
raodenobrivi meTodebic gamoiyeneba. amocanebi da kiTxvebi, romelTa gadaWrasac ukeT SeZlebs raodenobrivi
meTodebi, iseve rogorc aris amocanebi, romelTa gadawyvetac Tvisebrivi
naxevrad daxuruli kiTxvebi — kiTxvebis saxeoba sociologiur kiTxvarSi, meTodebis meSveobiTaa yvelaze mizanSewonili.12 rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
romlebsac Tan erTvis pasuxis SesaZlo variantebis sia, magram, agreTve Tvisebrivi meTodebi gamoiyeneba ama Tu im problemis, socialuri situaciis
mocemulia damatebiTi varianti “sxva”, sadac respondentebs saSualeba eZlevaT, siRrmiseulad Seswavlis mizniT. am meTodebis meSveobiT Seswavlili problemebi
daafiqsiron gansxvavebuli azri, romelic ar iqna (an ver iqna) gaTvaliswinebuli moicavs, magaliTad, migracias da emigrantebis cxovrebas axal garemoSi;
gamokiTxvis organizatorebis mier. damnaSaveTa samyaros Sida struqturas da/an damnaSaveTa pirovnul Tvisebebs;
pirispir interviu — intervius yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxeoba, romlis Zalauflebis ganawilebas mcire socialur jgufebSi; gansxvavebuli yofis mqone
drosac interviueri pirispir esaubreba respondents da kiTxvarSi iniSnavs mis adamianTa (mag., musikosebis, mocekvaveebis) cxovrebis aRweras da sxv. sxva mxriv,
mier gacemul pasuxebs. pirispir interviu, rogorc wesi, respondentis binaze raodenobrivi meTodebis gamoyeneba iqneba gamarTlebuli, Tu SeviswavliT
tardeba; misi xanrgZlivoba SeiZleba meryeobdes 20 wuTidan 60 wuTamde. sazogadoebaSi arsebul stratifikaciul sistemas; ama Tu im politikuri
intervius sxva saxeobebia satelefono da safosto interviu. partiis mxardaWeris perspeqtivebs; romelime masobrivi informaciis saSualebis
auditoris demografiul Tvisebebs, da sxv.
raodenobrivi meTodebi — socialuri kvlevis formalizebuli meTodebi, amasTan, socialuri sinamdvile imdenad rTulia, rom warmoudgenelia misi
romelTa gamoyenebac statistikur kanonzomierebebs emyareba da romlebic miz- Seswavla mxolod erTi meTodis saSualebiT. Cven yovelTvis gvaqvs arCevani
nad isaxavs gamoavlinos ama Tu im socialuri fenomenis gavrceleba, misi gamov- mraval midgomas Soris, xolo saukeTeso Sedegs, rogorc wesi, Tvisebrivi da
lenis sixSire. es iseTi meTodebia, rogorc masobrivi gamokiTxva, kontent-ana- raodenobrivi meTodebis gaerTianebisas, maTi paraleluri gamoyenebisas
lizi. miviRebT.
reaqtiuloba — mkvlevris an kvleviTi situaciis gavlena aqtorebis sociologiis istoriaSi cnobilia ramdenime kvleva, romlebic am ori jgufis
saqcielsa da naTqvamze, kvlevis obieqtebis reaqcia im garemoebaze, rom meTodebis Serwymis TvalsazrisiTaa gansakuTrebiT saintereso. maT Soris erT-
mkvlevari Seiswavlis maT; gansakuTrebiT vlindeba CarTuli dakvirvebis erTi yvelaze adrindelia 1930-ian wlebSi avstriis sofel marientalSi maria
warmoebis procesSi. ician ra, rom maT moqmedebas akvirdebian, adamianebi iahodas, pol lazarsfeldis da hans caizelis mier Catarebuli gamokvleva,
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqceven imas, Tu rogor iqcevian, rogor epyrobian romlis Temac umuSevroba da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi iyo.13 ukanasknel
sxva adamianebs, ras da rogor amboben, da saboloo jamSi maTi saqcieli bunebrivi wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebidan aRsaniSnavia ielis universitetis mier 2000-2001
aRar aris, mkvlevris arseboba rom ara, isini ase ar moiqceodnen. reaqtiuloba wlebSi Catarebuli gamokvleva aRmosavleT evropis 7 qveyanaSi, romelic
adamianebis bunebrivi reaqciaa, magram dakvirvebis warmoebisas es Zalze Seiswavlida e.w. “eTnikuri siRaribis” problemas.14 aseTi kvlevebi adasturebs,
seriozuli problemaa, vinaidan amaxinjebs miRebul Sedegebs. rom “meTodebis konfliqtis” gadaWris yvelaze mizanSewonili gza iqneba
raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi meTodebis erToblivi gamoyeneba, rac saSualebas
reprezentatuloba — mTavari moTxovna respondentTa SerCevisadmi mogvcems, ufro srulad davinaxoT is problema an sakiTxi, romelsac
masobrivi gamokiTxvis Catarebis dros. reprezentatuloba gulisxmobs, rom SeviswavliT.
SerCeva proporciulad asaxavs generaluri erTobliobis ZiriTad maCveneblebs, amerikeli mkvlevrebi isador niumani da kerolain benci, romlebmac Tavisi
warmoadgens ra mis “mikromodels”. wigni Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis Tanaarsebobisa da TanamSromlobis
respondenti — adamiani, romelic kvlevis Catarebis dros informaciis gzebs miuZRvnes, xazs usvamen am meTodebis dapirispirebis xelovnurobas da, amis
uSualo wyaroa, romlisganac mkvlevrebi iReben maTTvis saWiro informacias;
gamokiTxuli. 12
raTa miviRoT gadawyvetileba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli meTodis gamoyeneba
sadiskusio gegma — kvlevis instrumenti, romelic gamoiyeneba siRrmiseuli mogvcems ukeTes Sedegs ama Tu im problemis Seswavlisas, aucileblad unda
intervius da fokus-jgufebis struqturirebis mizniT. esaa intervius sava- gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoebac, Tu ramdeni dro gvaqvs gamokvlevis Casatareblad da
raudo kiTxvebis sia. sadiskusio gegma ZiriTadad “Ria” kiTxvebisgan Sedgeba. ramdeni Tanxaa gamoyofili amisaTvis.
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Marie Jahoda, Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Hans Zeisel. [1971.] Marienthal: The Sociography of an Unemployed
savele samuSaoebi — termini, romliTac moixsenieba kvlevis Catrebisas Community. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
pirveladi informaciis Segrovebis procesi. 14
am kvlevis Sedegebi jer ar gamoqveynebula. aseTi kompleqsuri gamokvlevebi SedarebiT
iSviaTad tardeba, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom maTi Catareba Zalze rTulia, da
satelefono gamokiTxva — masobrivi gamokiTxvis saxeoba, romelic tele-
amasTan — Zalian ZviradRirebuli.
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sapirispirod, laparakoben maT Soris arsebuli “interaqtiuli kontiniumis” srulad iziarebs dakvirvebis obieqtTa yofas, monawileobas iRebs maT
Sesaxeb, romelsac, maTi rwmeniT, ara aqvs gamokveTili sawyisi da bolo wertili — saqmianobaSi, esaubreba maT, raTa ukeT Seiswavlos maTi cxovreba.
kvleviTi amocanidan gamomdinare, mkvlevarma SeiZleba daiwyos muSaoba am
daxuruli kiTxvebi — kiTxvebis saxeoba sociologiur kiTxvarSi, romlebsac
“kontiniumis” nebismier wertilSi, rac kvlevis sworad warmarTvis pirobebSi ar
Tan axlavs pasuxis SesaZlo variantebis sia.
Seamcirebs am kvlevis xarisxsa da mecnierul faseulobas15.
Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis “kontimuumze” laparaki socialuri demografia — mosaxleobis struqturis mecnieruli Seswavla, romelic
kvlevis mimarT axlebur midgomas warmoadgens. Tanamedrove etapze mkvlevari ar awarmoebs mosaxleobis raodenobis zrdisa da Semcirebis, Sobadobis, sikvdi-
unda Semoifarglos meTodebis mxolod erTi jgufiT, miT umetes — romelime lianobis, sicocxlis xangrZlivobis, migraciis analizs; agreTve, ganixilavs mis
erTi meTodiT. piriqiT, Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebi unda ganixile- asakobriv, sqesobriv Tanafardobas da am maCveneblebis cvlilebebs. demogra-
bodes rogorc urTierTSemavsebeli da urTierTgamamdidrebeli. rac ufro fiuli informaciis Segrovebis umTavresi wyaroa regularuli aRwera, romelic
mravali kuTxidan SevecdebiT Cvens winaSe mdgari amocanis Seswavlas, miT ufro yvela saxelmwifoSi saSualod 10 weliwadSi erTxel tardeba.
mniSvnelovan da faseul Sedegebs miviRebT. eTnografia — gansxvavebuli kulturis Seswavla da aRwera, romelic
ZiriTadad Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebiT xdeba. eTnografiis ZiriTadi mi-
zania cxovrebis gansxvavebuli wesebis gageba ise, rogorc es wesebi am kulturis
gamokvlevis programa
warmomadgenlebs esmiT.
empiriuli socialuri gamokvlevis Catareba arasodes ar aris TviTmizani — is
miznad isaxavs axali codnis miRebas socialuri sinamdvilis ama Tu im aspeqtis eTika — profesiuli saqmianobis ganmsazRvreli principebis da normebis
Sesaxeb, emsaxureba akademiuri samyaros, mTavrobis, kerZo biznesis, Tu farTo erToblioba, romelic ama Tu im profesiis zneobriv Rirebulebebs gamoxatavs.
sazogadoebis interesebs. kvlevis daniSnuleba da is interesebi, romlebsac is eTikuri normebi Tavmoyrilia eTikis kodeqsebSi.
emsaxureba, gamoxatulia gamokvlevis programaSi. Tvisebrivi meTodebi — socialuri kvlevis meTodebis jgufi, romelic
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tvisebrivi kvleva naklebad formalizebulia, misi aerTianebs iseT meTodebs, rogorebicaa siRrmiseuli interviu, “cxovrebis is-
Catarebisas, iseve rogorc raodenobrivi kvlevis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi, toria”, fokus-jgufi, dakvirveba, monografiuli gamokvleva, da sxv. es meTodebi
aucilebelia, rom Sedgenili iqnes gamokvlevis programa. programis Sedgena cnobilia rogorc “moqnili” meTodebi da raodenobrivi meTodebisagan gan-
aucilebelia gamokvlevis miznebis, amocanebisa da problemebis Camoyalibebis sxvavebiT miznad isaxavs ara Sesaswavli fenomenis raodenobrivi gavrcelebis
mizniT. amasTan, am dokumentSi Camoyalibebuli iqneba SerCeuli meTodis suraTis dadgenas, aramed mis siRrmiseul Seswavlas.
gamoyenebis marTebuloba.
gamokvlevis programebi gansxvavdeba kvlevis tipidan gamomdinare. socia- interviu — respondentis gamokiTxvis, misgan informaciis miRebis procesi.
luri gamokvlevis sami ZiriTadi tipi arsebobs: dazverviTi, aRweriTi da interviu verbaluri informaciis miRebis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli
analitikuri. gamokvlevis tipis SerCeva damokidebulia imazec, Tu ramdenad iqna saSualebaa socialur kvlevebSi. misi ramdenime ZiriTadi tipi gamoirCeva,
Seswavlili esa Tu is problema adrindeli gamokvlevebis Sedegad. gamomdinare iqidan, ramdenad struqturirebulia interviu: struqturirebuli,
dazverviTi gamokvleva kvlevis yvelaze martivi tipia — misi mizania, nawilobriv struqturirebuli da arastruqturirebuli.
Seagrovos pirveladi monacemebi ama Tu im problemis irgvliv, “dazveros” misi interviueri — kvleviTi jgufis wevri, romelic uSualod esaubreba
mdgomareoba. aseT gamokvlevas, rogorc wesi, Zalian martiv programaze respondents, mimarTavs mas kiTxvaris kiTxvebiT da iniSnavs miRebul pasuxebs.
dayrdnobiT da mxolod erTi meTodis gamoyenebiT atareben. yvelze xSirad interviueri ZiriTadad masobrivi gamokiTxvis procesSi gamoiyeneba.
dazverviTi gamokvleva ama Tu im problemis Seswavlis pirveli etapia.
aRweriTi gamokvleva ufro rTulia, misi mizania garkveuli problemis an informanti — CarTuli dakvirvebis dros mkvlevaris informaciis erT-erTi
adamianTa jgufis Sesaxeb vrceli informaciis miReba, romelic SemdegSi ZiriTadi wyaro; Sesaswavli kulturis warmomadgeneli, romelic exmareba
saSualebas miscems mkvlvrebs daadginon, arsebobs Tu ara raime kavSiri am mkvlevars am kulturis SeswavlaSi.
problemis sxvadasxva elements Soris. aRweriTi gamokvleva sruli kvleviTi kiTxvari — specialuri wesebis Tanaxmad Sedgenili kiTxvebis erToblioba,
programis SemuSavebas moiTxovs. romelTac respondentebi pasuxoben masobrivi gamokiTxvis dros. gamokiTxvis
analitikuri gamokvleva yvelaze ufro rTulia. socialuri problemis tipidan gamomdinare, kiTxvari SeiZleba miZRvnili iyos mxolod erTi Temisadmi,
aRwerasTan erTad is miznad isaxavs misi mamoZravebeli Zalebis, mizezebis an sxvadasxva Tematuri blokisagan Sedgebodes.
gamoaSkaravebas. sworad Catarebuli analitikuri gamokvleva movlenebis ganvi-
Tarebis prognozirebis saSualebasac iZleva. analitikur gamokvlevaSi, rogorc kontent-analizi — sociologiuri kvlevis meTodi, romlis meSveobiTac
wesi, paralelurad gamoiyeneba informaciis Segrovebis ramdenime gansxvavebuli Seiswavleba sxvadasxva tipis dokumentebi maTSi ama Tu im maCveneblebis gamov-
meTodi. lenis sixSiris dafiqsirebis mizniT. termini iTargmneba qarTul enaze rogorc
yvela tipis kvleva ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba, romlebic, rogorc wesi, “Sinaarsis analizi”; is SeiZleba iyos rogorc raodenobrivi, aseve Tvisebrivi.
Tanamimdevrulad xorcieldeba. esenia: masobrivi gamokiTxva — sociologiuri kvlevis yvelaze farTod gavrce-
gamokvlevis programis SemuSaveba; lebuli raodenobrivi meTodi, mosaxleobis azris Seswavla ama Tu im prob-
savele etapi, romlis drosac xdeba informaciis Segroveba; lemasTan dakavSirebiT misi reprezentatuli nawilis (SerCevis) gamokiTxvis
safuZvelze. gamokiTxva xdeba formalizebuli kiTxvaris safuZvelze,
informaciis damuSaveba; specialuri wesebis Tanaxmad SerCeul respondentebTan.
miRebuli Sedegebis analizi;
meTodi — ama Tu im saqmianobis praqtikuli ganxorcielebis konkretuli
kvlevis angariSis momzadeba da publikacia. xerxi. socialur kvlevaSi — pirveladi informaciis Segrovebis saSualeba. ix.
agreTve: Tvisebrivi meTodebi da raodenobrivi meTodebi.
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ix. Isadore Newman, and Carolyn R. Benz. 1998. Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology. socialuri kvlevis meTodika — pirveladi informaciis Segrovebis,
Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
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