Tavi 666

socialuri kognicia

rogorc aRvniSneT, socialuri fsiqologia aris

mecniereba, romelic cdilobs axsnas Tu sazogadoeba
rogor axdens gavlenas individebis kogniciaze, motivebze,
ganviTarebaze da qcevaze, da Tavis mxriv sazogadoeba
rogor ganicdis individebis gavlenas. am definiciaSi
centraluri adgili ukavia kognicias. adamianebi fiqroben
TavianTi samyaros Sesaxeb da masze dayrdnobiT moqmedeben
garkveuli maneriT. am procesSi azrovneba aris ZiriTadi
Sinagani ena, simbolo, romelsac viyenebT. azrovneba aris
cnobieri. beronis azriT amisgan gansxvavebiT kognicia
SeiZleba gaviazroT rogorc avtomatizirebuli. Cven ver
vacnobierebT mas. Znelia misi SemCneva. mis daxasiaTebas
vaxerxebT eniT anu gaziarebuli simboloebiT. beroni
Tvlis, rom xSirad kognicia gaazrebulia kompiuteris
programis msgavsad, romelic moqmedebs rogorc foni da
romelic marTavs kompiuteris funqciebs, romelsac Cven
vacnobierebT. am funqciebSi ganixilebian is procesebi
romelsac Cven SemecnebiT fsiqologiur procesebs
uwodebT (R. Baron & D. Byrne, 2000).
kognicia mentaluri aqtivobaa romelic Sualeduria
garesamyarosa da masze Cvens reaqcias Soris. kogniciis
Sesaxeb Cven SegviZlia davaskvnaT iqedan rasac adamianebi
amboben da akeTeben. Tu Cven SevZlebT kogniciis gagebas,
CaTvlilia rom SevZlebT imis gagebas Tu rogor da ratom
moqmedeben adamianebi ise rogorc moqmedeben.
socialuri kognicia aris midgoma socialur fsiqolo-
giaSi romelic fokusirebulia imaze, Tu farTe da uSua-
lo socialuri konteqsti rogor moqmedebs kogniciaze da
Tu rogor axdens kognicia gavlenas Cvens socialur aqti-
vobaze.

kogniciis kvlevis istoria socialur fsiqologiaSi

fsiqologiaSi kognituri procesebis eqsperimentuli

Seswavla mecnieruli fsiqologiis CamoyalibebisTanave iw-
yeba. leipcigis universitetSi fsiqologiuri laborato-
riis CamoyalibebiT, vundti iTvleba empiriuli fsiqolo-

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giis erTerT fuZemdeblad. vundti introspaqciis meTodis
gamoyenebiT iwyebs martivi kognituri procesebis eqspe-
rimentul Seswavlas. Semdeg ebinghausi da e.w. viurcbergis
skola kiulpes xelmZRvanelobiT iwyeben ufro rTuli
kognituri procesebis eqsperimentul kvlevas. amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi am tradiciis gagrZelebas warmo-
adgenda ticCeneris struqturalizmi da jemisisa da enJe-
lis funqcionalizmi.
amerikuli pozitivisturi meTodologiis poziciebidan
e.w. introspeqciuli midgoma fsiqologiuri procesebis
Seswavlisadmi zedmetad subieqtivisturi da ara mecnieru-
li Canda.
zogadad, mecnieruli meTodologia moiTxovda rom
mecnieruli Teoria unda emyarebodes dakvirvebad monace-
mebs, ramac gaioiwvia is rom kvlevis gadatana moxda Sina-
gani (kognituri) movlenebidan garegan movlenebze, romel-
zec dakvirveba SesaZlebeli iqneboda. am cvlilebis gamo-
xatuleba iyo biheviorizmis ganviTareba (Torndaiki, vot-
soni, skineri). am TvalTaxedvidan kognicia xdeba 3WuW-
yiani4samyaro fsiqologiaSi.
jer kidev 40-ani wlebidan e.w. neobiheviristebis mier
(tolmeni) da gansakuTrebiT 60-ani wlebidan, amerikul
fsiqologiaSi iwyeba xelaxali daintereseba kogniciiT. es
nawilobriv xdeba imitom, rom biheviorizmi saocrad mouq-
neli da araadeqvaturi Canda adamianuri enisa da komunika-
ciis asaxsnelad. saWiro gaxda imis ganxilva Tu ada-
mianebi rogor gamoxataven samyaros simbolurad da saer-
Tod rogor xdeba simboloebiT manipulireba. amasTan,
informaciis procesebi fsiqologiisaTvis mniSvnelovani
sakiTxi xdeba. amas gansakuTrebiT Seuwyo xeli kompiu-
terulma revoluciam, ramac fsiqologias misca adamianur,
kogniciuri procesebis modelirebis da maTi simulirebis
SesaZlebloba. Sedegad, kognituri fsiqologia xelaxla
gamoCnda rogorc kanonieri mecnieruli miswrafeba. j.
mileri harvardis universitetSi ayalibebs kognituri
procesebis kvlevis laboratorias, xolo 1967 w.
gamoqveynda naiseris 3kognituri fsiqologia4 (Neisser,
1967).
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana kognituri fsiqologiis
CamoyalibebaSi geStalt-fsiqologiam. saqme imaSia, rom

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socialuri fsiqologia umTavresad yovelTvis iyo kogni-
turi. amis mizezebi miuTiTeben, rom kurt levinis udides
damsaxurebaSi unda veZeboT. k. levinma SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom safuZveli Cauyara eqsperimentul socialur fsiqo-
logias. emyareba ra geStalt-fsiqologiis principebs, le-
vini xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom socialuri qceva SeiZleba
warmatebiT iqnas gagebuli, rogorc adamianis mier misi
samyaros percepciis da aseTi percepciebis manipulirebis
funqcia. aseTi mcdelobiT, kognicia socialuri fsiqo-
logiis centraluri sakiTxi gaxda. rogorc samarTlianad
miuTiTeben fiske da teilori (Fiske & Taylor, 1991), soci-
alur fsiqologiaSi kognitur xazgasmas oTxi saxe aqvs.
kognituri konsistentoba, gulubryvilo mecnieri, kogni-
turi siZunwe da motivirebuli taqtikosi.
kognituri konsistentoba. 1940-an da 1950-an wlebSi,
kvlevebis udidesi raodenoba mieZRvna atitudis Camoyali-
bebas da Secvlas. aman warmoSva Teoriebi, romlebic uSve-
ben, rom adamianebi kognituri konsistentobisaken miis-
wrafian. rom adamianebi motivirebulni arian Seamciron
gansxvavebul kogniciebs Soris gansvla (disonansi), rad-
gan aseTi gansvla autanelia (haideri, abelsoni, festin-
geri). 1960 wlebSi konsistentobis Teoriebma dakarga
popularoba, roca dagrovda monacemebi rom adamianebi
faqtiurad kognituri inkusistentobisadmi tolerantobas
iCenen.
gulubryvilo mecnieri. 1960 wlebSi gaCnda e.w.
gulubryvilo mecnieris modeli, romelic adamians
axasiaTebs, rogorc iseT arsebas romelsac moTxovnileba
aqvs qcevas da movlenebs miaweros mizezi. aseTi modeli
safuZvels umagrebs adamianis qcevis socialuri atribuci-
is Teoriebs, romelic 1970-ian wlebSi dominirebuli xdeba
socialur fsiqologiaSi. gulubryvilo mecnieris modeli
xazs usvams adamianis racionalurobas imaSi, rom isini
mecnierulobis msgavs mizez-Sedegobriv analizs ayalibe-
ben. Tumca aRmoCnda, rom es analizi garkveul kompromiss
warmoadgens - kompromisi SezRuduli informaciisa da
motivaciuri faqtorebis mimarT. amdenad, analizi da
daskvnebi ar aRmoCnda dazRveuli Secdomebisagan.
kognituri siZunwe da motivirebuli taqtikosi. aRmoCn-
da, rom adamianis informaciis miRebisa da gadamuSavebis

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unari sakmaod SezRudulia, amitom adamiani iRebs mTel
rig kognitur mokle CarTvebs, rom isini kogniturad
Zunwebi arian (Nisbett and Ross, 1980; Taylor, 1981). monacemebi
miuTiTeben, rom socialur azrovnebasTan dakavSirebuli
Secdomebi aris ara informaciis procesebis mimdinareobis
idealur formebze uaris Tqmis Sedegi, aramed es TviT
socialuri azrovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. kognituri
siZunwis perspeqtivam gamoiwvia motivaciis pirobebisadmi
xelaxali daintereseba. socialurad moazrovne daxasiaT-
da rogorc motivirebuli taqtikosi.
aseTia is Teoriuli foni, romelze dayrdnobiTac
socialuri fsiqologia cdilobs imis axsnas, Tu rogor
xdeba socialuri samyaros gageba, romelic socialuri
kogniciis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.

rogor vigebT socialur samyaros

rogor afaseben adamianebi sxvebs? aRmoCnda, rom es

sakiTxi gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre es gveCveneba.
SeiZleba individs ar vicnobdeT kargad, magram gvqondes
garkveuli informacia mis Sesxeb. informacia SeiZleba
sakmaod mravalmxrivi iyos, magram Cven vayalibebT mis
Sesaxeb STabeWdilebas, romelSic SeiZleba SemWidrove-
buli iyos gansxvavebuli informaciebi. rogorc aRniSna-
ven, xdeba sxvebis Sesaxeb faqtebis integracia. amasTan,
individebis mier am zogadi STabeWdilebis integracia
xdeba gansxvavebuli gzebiT, unikalurad. socialuri
fsiqologiis erTerTi problema swored am sakiTxs exeba -
exeba im gzebs, Tu rogor iReben individebi sxvebis
Sesaxeb informacias da rogor afaseben mas. es sakiTxi
warmoadgens socialuri kogniciis erTerT sferos. soci-
aluri kognicia intensiuradaa CarTuli socialuri atri-
buciis kvlevebSi, romelic miznad isaxavs axsnas Tu
rogor axdenen adamianebi socialuri cxovrebis interpre-
tacias.
socialurma kogniciam garkveuli meTodebi da ideebi
isesxa kognituri fsiqologiidan da iyenebs maT soci-
aluri fsiqologiis problemebis mimarT. zogadad, soci-
aluri kognicia aris imis Seswavla, Tu rogor axdenen

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adamianebi socialuri samyaros Sesaxeb informaciis
interpretacias, analizs, gaxsenebas da gamoyenebas.
socialuri kogniciis bazisur faqts warmoadgens
informaciis siWarbe. adamianze yovel mocemul momentSi
uamravi stimuli moqmedebs, amis gamravleba sicocxlis
manZilze mogvcems stimulebis ganusazRvrel raodenobas,
romelic moqmedebs adamianze. adamianis gonebas sabed-
nierod, efeqturad SeuZlia socialuri informaciis am
simravlis daxarisxeba da Semonaxva. magram amaSi efeq-
turoba niSnavs, is rom naklebad logikuri da zustia.
martivad rom vTqvaT, adamianis goneba iyenebs e.w. 3mokle
CarTvebs4, raTa mouaros informaciis uricxv raodenobas.
socialuri kogniciis didi nawili swored am mokle
CarTvebis (umoklesi manZilis) Seswavlaa.
mokle CarTvebis gamoyeneba ise gavrcelebuli da ise
aucilebelia, rom mravali socialuri fsiqologis azriT
adamianis goneba yovelTvis cdilobs uadvilesi gziT
(mokle CarTvebiT) gaigos socialuri cxovrebis movlenebi.
es Tvalsazrisi individis portrets xatavs rogorc
3kognituri Zunwi4 (Fiske & Taylor, 1991), rac niSnavs rom
rogorc wesi, adamianebi fiqroben ramdenadac SesaZle-
belia cotas. aqvT ra garkveuli rwmena an idea, adamianebi
mihyvebian mas da cdiloben energia Semoinaxon orazrovani
situaciebis gasaazreblad.
meore bazisuri faqti socialuri kogniciisa aris is,
rom adamianebi xSirad ar acnobiereben sakuTar mentalur
procesebs. rom adamianebs Cveulebriv ar SeuZliaT angari-
Si Cagvabaron sakuTari qcevis namdvil mizezebze da
maSinac ki roca iZlevian TavianTi qcevis axsnas, maTi
axsna xSirad aris mcdari (Nisbett and Wilson, 1977). erTerT
kvlevaSi, romelic miznad isaxavda eCvenebina adamianis
uunaroba mieTiTebina Tavisi qcevis mizezebze, Seqmnes
situacia sadac myidvels unda aerCia oTxi saukeTeso
windidan erTerTi. gamyidveli windebs aCvenebda morigeo-
biT. aseT situaciaSi aRmoCnda, rom myidvelebs tendencia
hqondaT aerCiaT is winda, romelsac bolos aCvenebdnen.
e.i. 3myidvelis4 arCevani determinirebuli iyo umTavresad
imiT, Tu romel windas xedavda is bolos. aRmoCnda, rom
TviTon myidvelebi ver acnobierebdnen Tu ra iyo maTi
arCevanis mizezi. radgan, roca maT sTxoves eTqvaT Tu ram

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gansazRvra maTi arCevani, isini miuTiTebdnen sxvadasxva
mizezebze - ferze, faqturaze da a.S. magram arcerTma ar
miuTiTa namdvili mizezi - rom arCeva gansazRvra miwode-
bis rigma. maSinac ki roca eqsperimentatorma auxsna maT,
Tu ra iyo maTi arCevanis namdvili mizezi, rogorc wesi
myidvelebi uaryofdnen mas.
adamianebi did dros xarjaven axsnaSi, Tu rogor iRe-
ben isini gadawyvetilebas an imis axsnan Tu ratom iReben
ama Tu im gadawyvetilebas. Tu nisbets da vilsons davuje-
rebT aseT axsnaSi adamianebi xSirad cdebian.

mentaluri mokle CarTvebi socialur kogniciaSi

adamianebma raTa Seamciron informaciuli siWarbe da gai-

azron socialuri cxovreba iyeneben mentalur mokle
CarTvebs. aseT mokle CarTvebs uwodeben agreTve kognitur
strategiebs. misi funqciaa uzrunvelyos swrafi da marti-
vi gza, raTa mouaros Warb socialur informacias. mokle
CarTvebi unda iyvnen gonivrulad zusti. Tu kognitur
strategias mivyavarT yovelTvis mcdar gadawyvetilebamde
is unda Seicvalos. fenomenebs, romlebsac swavloben
socialuri kogniciis mkvlevarebi uwodeben evristikas, da
Secdomebs evristikaSi. evristika aris gadawyvetilebis
miRebis principebis gamoyeneba, daskvna gaakeTo swrafad
da advilad. Secdoma da gadaxra miuTiTebs imaze, rom
evristikis gamoyenebas xSirad axlavs Secdomebi.

ZiriTadi kognituri strategiebi

evristikuli reprezentatuloba - anu Sefaseba an

daskvna, romelic emyareba tipiuri SemTxvevisadmi msgavse-
bas. warmoadginoT hipoTeturi pirovneba romelsac mie-
wereba Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi - aris patiosani, aqvs
sityvebis kargi maragi, bevrs kiTxulobs, aris morcxvi,
icvams konservatulad. araferia naTqvami misi profesiis
Sesaxeb. rogor fiqrobT, SegiZliaT gansazRvroT aris is
menejeri, biblioTekari, restoranSi mimtani, advokati Tu
mocekvave? savaraudoa, rom SegiZliaT. erTerTi swrafi
gza gamoicno misi profesia iqneba am pirovnebaze miwe-
rili Tvisebebi SeadaroT CamoTvlili profesiebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel tipiur Tvisebebs. e.i. SegiZliaT dasvaT

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sakiTxi ramdenad emsgavseba mocemuli individi tipiur
menejers, an biblioTekars, an advokats da a.S. Tu gayvebiT
am gzas daaskvniT, rom albaT is aris biblioTekari.
didia albaToba imisa, rom daskvna sworia. Tumca arc imis
albaTobaa gamoricxuli rom SevcdeT. asea Tu ise gar-
kveuli mentaluri strategiis gamoyenebiT gakeTda gar-
kveuli daskvna. gamoyenebul iqna evristikuli reprezen-
taciis strategia. es strategia saSualebas gvaZlevs ganva-
xorcieloT 3kargi4 mixvedra romelic emyareba tipiur
nimuSTan an zogierT tipTan msgavsebas.
rodesac afaseben an askvnian individebis an movlenis
saalbaTo bunebis Sesaxeb, adamianebs tendencia aqvT iva-
raudon ufro evristikuli reprezentaciiT, vidre sxva
saxis informaciiT. Sefasebis alternatuli gza iqneba
varaudi Tu ramdenad popularulia arCevis obieqti zoga-
dad populaciaSi rac aris individis SefasebiTi daskvna
e.w. bazisur-SefasebiTi informaciis safuZvelze. es
strategia emyareba codnas imis Sesaxeb, Tu dasaxelebuli
profesiebidan romeli profesiis adamianebi Warboben
mocemul populaciaSi. mag. Tu viciT, rom im populaciaSi
romelsac miekuTvneba Cveni Sesafasebeli individi,
gacilebiT meti iuristebi arian, vidre biblioTekarebi an
menejerebi da a.S. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom is iuristia.
amasTan aris gamouvlevebi, sadac dadasturda, rom
adamianebi ufro iSviaTad iyeneben bazisur-SefasebiTi
informaciis strategias, miTumetes maSin Tu arsebobs
evristikuli reprezentaciis strategiis gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba.
evristikuli xelmisawvdomoba. efeqturi empiriuli
meTodi, anu strategia, romelic movlenis an sagnebis
albaTobas afasebs imiT, Tu ramdenad adviladaa isini
xelmisawvdomi gonebisaTvis. gavarCioT aseTi magaliTi.
rogor fiqrobT, romeli sityvaa qarTul enaSi ufro
xSiri, sityva romelic aso 3k4-Ti iwyeba (vTqvaT kata), Tu
sityva romelSic aso 3k4 mesamea (vTqvaT sakmarisi).
savaraudoa, Tqveni pasuxi iqneba rom ufro xSiria sityva,
romelic aso 3k4-Ti iwyeba. aseT pasuxs gansazRvravs is,
rom roca pasuxze fiqrobT cnobierebaSi ufro advilad
amodis is sityvebi, romlebic iwyeba aso 3k4-Ti. Zalian
gagiWirdeba im sityvebis gaxseneba, romelSic aso 3k4

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mesamea. pasuxs ki gansazRvravs evristikuli xelmisawvdo-
moba. pasuxi SeiZleba sworic iyos da mcdaric. Cven ar
viciT qarTul enaSi faqtiurad romeli sityvaa ufro
xSiri. magram roca tverskim da kanemanma dausva es kiTxva
inglisurenovan subieqtebs pasuxi erTmniSvnelovani iyo.
Tumca aRmoCnda, rom inglisur enaSi sityva romelSic 3k4
mesame asoa, samjer metia vidre sityva, romelic 3k4-Ti
iwyeba. miuxedavad amisa subieqtebs mcdarad hgoniaT
sawinaaRmdego.
sityvebis sixSiris Sefaseba SeiZleba ar iyos mniSvne-
lovani socialuri cxovrebisaTvis, magram evristikul
xelmisawvdomoba aseve gansazRvravs socialuri cxovrebis
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis Sefasebasac da misi gaTvaliswi-
neba aucilebelia. yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes rom is
SeiZleba Secdomis wyaro gaxdes.
aRmoCnda, rom advilad warmosadgeni (kogniturad
xelmisawvdomi) movlenebi xSirad gansazRvraven Cvens
danaSaulis grZnobas, sinanuls an raime frustraciebs.
mag. cxovrebis romelime sferoSi warmatebis an
warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, uaresis an ukeTesi alter-
nativis xelmisawvdomobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sinanulis
an nugeSis gancda. ase mag. 1992 wlis olimpiadis brinjaos
da vercxlis zogierTi mflobelis qcevam (Medve & others,
1994) aCvena, rom isini romlebmac brinjaos medali miiRes
(e.i. romlebsac SeeZloT advilad warmoedginaT umedle-
boT darCena) gacilebiT met sixaruls gamoxatavdnen
TavianTi warmatebisaTvis vidre isini, romlebmac vercx-
lis medali miiRes (maT SeeZloT advilad warmoedginaT
oqros medlis miReba).
aseT warmodgenas imisa Tu ra SeiZleba momxdariyo,
adgili aqvs maSin, roca Cven advilad SegviZlia warmo-
vidginoT alternatuli Sedegebi. amasTan, rac ufro
mniSvnelovania movlena, miT ufro intensiurad fiqrobs
individi imaze, Tu ra SeiZleboda momxdariyo.
yalbi konsensusis efeqti - anu gaazreba imisa, rom
sxvebi azrovneben iseve rogorc Cven. evristikuli
xelmisawvdomobis erTerT nimuSs warmoadgens yalbi kon-
sensusis efeqti, romelic miuTiTebs individis tenden-
ciaze gadaafasos Tu ramdeni adamiani gaakeTebs imave

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Sefasebas da arCevas da eqneba igive atitudebi rogorc
TviTon (Ross, Green & Hous, 1977).
mag. aRmoCnda, rom umaRlesi skolis biWebi, romlebic
ewevian sigarets fiqroben, rom maTi toli biWebis 51
procenti eweva sigarets, magram ara mwevelebi fiqroben,
rom maTi toli biWebis 38 procentia mweveli. an kidev,
aRmoCnda, rom kolejis studentebs, romlebic fiqroben
sikvdilze, miaCniaT rom studentebis 66 procenti fiqrobs
sikvdilze maSin roca, studentebi romlebic iSviaTad
fiqroben sikvdilze varaudoben, rom studentebis mxolod
32,7 procenti fiqrobs sikvdilze. aseve, studentebs ten-
dencia aqvT gadaafason sxva studentebis procentuli
raodenoba, romlebic eTanxmebian maT narkotikebis da
abortis, universitetis politikis da hamburgerebis mi-
marT atitudebSi (Nisbett & Kunda, 1985).
amrigad rogorc vxedavT yalbi konsensusis efeqti
sakmaod vrcelia magram amave dros aRmoCnda, rom is ar
aris Zlieri. faqtebi miuTiTeben, rom sakuTari azris
mimarTulebis aseTi gadaxra, ar aris Zlieri.
socialur fsiqologiaSi arsebobs yalbi konsensusis
axsnis ramodenime cda:
1. motivaciuri axsna - adamianebi motivirebulni arian
swamdeT rom sxvebi eTanxmebian mas, radgan amiT mas eqneba
imis gancda, rom maTi aqtiobebi da Sefasebebi normaluri,
zusti da misaRebia.
2. konsensusis axsna percepciuli darRveviT - romelic
emyareba evristikuli xelmisawvdomobis princips. kerZod,
daSvebulia, rom SesaZloa ufro advili iyos SevamCnioT
da gavixsenoT adamianebis magaliTebi, romlebic gveTanx-
mebian vidre romlebic ar gveTanxmebian. marTlac, aRmoCn-
da, rom ra xarisxSic studenTa jgufs aqvs msgavsi ati-
tudebi da upiratesobis miniWebebi, TiToeuli individi
ufro gaxsnilia im individis mimarT, romelic mas eTanxme-
ba. amasTan monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom Tu subieqtebs
vTxovT ganixilon sakuTari mosazrebis sawinaaRmdego
mosazreba, yalbi konsensusis efeqti mcirdeba. sxva sityve-
biT, yalbi konsensusis efeqts adgili aqvs imitom, rom
SemTxvevebi romlebic gveTanxmebian ufro advilad
gvamaxsovrdeba. Tu sawinaaRmdego Tvalsazris gavxdiT

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ufro xelmisawvdoms, yalbi konsensusis efeqti mcirdeba
an qreba.
yalbi konsensusis efeqti ar aris universaluri. mar-
Talia adamianebs xSirad surT rom sxvebi eTanxmebodnen
maT mosazrebebs, magram xSirad piriqiT, miiswrafian uni-
kalurobisaken. kempbelma (Campbell, 1986) aCvena yalbi
konsensusis sawinaaRmdego tendencia individis unarebis
Sefasebisas. subieqtebi TavianTi unarebis Sefasebisas
konsensusis sawinaaRmdego tendencias amJRavneben, rac miu-
TiTebs imaze, rom adamianebs aqvT tendencia unarebSi
unikalurebi darCnen. kembelis azriT maRali TviTSefase-
bis adamianebs gansakuTrebiT aqvT midrekileba aCvenon
konsensusis Sefasebis am tipis self-dacvis nimuSi -
kerZod, 3Cemi azri aris swori radgan yvela fiqrobs Cems
msgavsad, Cemi unarebi gansakuTrebulia, radgan aravinaa
ise kargi rogorc me4.
sicxadis efeqti - maRali sicxadis (cxadi) informacia,
romelsac axasiaTebs emocionaluroba, konkretuloba da
unari Seexos pirovnebas, iqneba ufro SesamCnevi da
gamoyofili sxva informaciisagan. Sedegad viRebT imas,
rom is ufro myarad Cajdeba Cvens mexsierebaSi da eqneba
meti sargeblianoba SemdgomisaTvis (Fiske & Taylor, 1991).
fiskem da teilorma ganixiles, msoflioSi mSieri
bavSvebis gamokvebisaTvis fondis Seqmnis mizniT, mimarTvis
ori forma, raTa gamoiwviaT adamianebSi qvelmoqmedeba.
erTi mimarTva emyareba mxolod statistikur monacemebs,
sadac detaluradaa mocemuli bavSvTa SimSiliT
sikvdilianobis done, statistikuri monacemebi sakvebis
maragze, oblebis raodenobaze da a.S. meore forma mimarT-
visa iZleva ara statistikas, aramed aCvenebs firze
aRbeWdil patara bavSvs Tavisi Tormeti da-ZmiT, romlebic
cxovroben saSinel pirobebeSi miwurSi - erTi sityviT
TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili maTi saSineli yofa. rogor
fiqrobT, mimarTvis romeli forma gamoiwvevs adamianebSi
qvelmoqmedebas? miuxedavad imisa, rom pirveli forma
ufro informaciulia da zustad asaxavs mdomareobas,
saRi azriT, meore gancxadeba ufro efeqturi iqneba. SesaZ-
lebelia misi sicxadis gamo, is ufro damarwmunebelia
vidre statistika.

83
 miuxedavad amisa, sicxadis efeqtis dadastureba siste-
matur kvlevebSi sakmaod Zneli aRmoCnda. monacemebi miu-
TiTeben, rom sicxadis gavlena, Tu is faqtia, Cans rom
susti, faqizi da arasaimedoa (Taylor & Thompson, 1982).
dgeba sakiTxi, sicxades ratom araaqvs is efeqti rasac
moveliT? erTi SesaZlebeli axsna Semdegia: cxadi infor-
macia SeiZleba misaRebi da mastimulirebeli iyos, magram
es arafers ambobs aris Tu ara is amave dros damarwmune-
belic. masalam SeiZleba mxolod msubuqad agvaRelvos
misi gacnobierebis gareSe. situaciaSi, sadac bombardire-
buli varT informaciis gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan, Cveni
yuradReba SeiZleba mipyrobili iyos iqiTken, romelic
ufro cxovel cnobas gvTavazobs, magram aman SeiZleba
sicxadis Rirebuleba Seamciros. roca fokusirebuli varT
mocemul cnobaze, misi sicxovele-sicxadis nakleboba
SeiZleba darwmunebaSi warmatebis mimarT irelevanturi
iyos. marTlac, zogjer sicxade SeiZleba interferi-
rebuli iqnas darwmunebasTan imiT, rom is yuradRebis
gaxleCas iwvevs. fiske da teilorma (Fiske & Taylor, 1991)
aRweres ramodenime satelevizio reklamis efeqti, sadac
sicxadisaTvis gamoyenebuli iyo sqesi da komikuri xati.
Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom mayureblebs kargad axsovdaT
cxoveli xati - SesaniSnavi qalebi, magram sakmaod swra-
fad aviwydebodaT Tu ris reklamirebas axdendnen isini.
iluzoruli korelacia. klinikur fsiqologebs xSirad
uxdebaT gadawyvetilebis miReba pacienti aris paranoidi,
maniakalur-depresiuli, isteriuli Tu Sizofreniki, rac
sakmaod rTulia, radgan ar arsebobs amis dadgenis zusti
teqnika. erTerTi testi romelic xelmisawvdomia maTTvis
aris e.w. draw a person (DAP) testi (individis daxatvis
meTodi). pacienti xatavs adamianis fmguras da Terapevti
axdens daxatuli saxis nakvTebis interpretacias. mag.
adamianis saxis daxatva didi TvalebiT CaTvlilia
rogorc paranoias niSani. Cepmenebma (Chapman & Chapman,
1982) eWvi Seitanes am testSi. maTi azriT, klinicisti,
romelic iyenebs am tests uSvebs iluzoruli korelaciis
Secdomas.
iluzoruli korelaciis arsi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
roca moveliT garkveuli nimuSis arsebobas, molodini
mizezobrivad gansazRvravs rwmenas, rom namdvilad vxe-

84
davT am nimuSs dasabuTebulad. e.i. iluzoruli kore-
lacia gulisxmobs dainaxon garkveuli urTierToba iq,
sadac es urTierToba ar aris, radgan molodini
gansazRvravs im gzebs, romliTac viRebT informacias.
kvlevebma aCvena, rom paranoid-Sizofreniki pacientebis
mier daxatuli adamianis figura da gansakuTrebiT Tvale-
bi ar gansxvavdeboba normaluri studentebis mier daxatu-
li figurisa da Tvalebisagan.
Cepmenebma Caatare eqsperimenti, sadac nacadia im faqtis
daWera, rom molodini gansazRvravs Sesatyvisi nimuSis
aRqmasac. eqsperimentSi rogorc testi gamoyenebuli iyo
daxatuli adamianis figura, sadac gamoxatuli gansxva-
vebuli detalebi (mag. didi Tvalebi, gulmodgeniT daxa-
tuli genetaliebi da a.S.) gawyvilebuli iyvnen
avadmyofobis gansxvavebul simptomebTan. gawyvileba
naxatis avadmyofobis simptoiTan moxda sruli
SemTxveviTobis principiT. ase mag. 3eWvianoba4 ar iyo
ufro mosalodneli, vidre sxva simptomi, gawyvilebuli
daxatul did TvalebTan. miuxedavad amisa, subieqtebi
askvnidnen, rom eWvianoba gawyvilebuli iyo did
TvalebTan. e.i. molodinebma miiyvana isini 3daenaxaT4
kavSiri iq, sadac faqtiurad es kavSiri ar iyo. mere,
naxatebis gawyvileba simptomebTan moaxdines ise, rom
eWvianoba naklebi albaTobiT iyo gawyvilebuli did
TvalebTan vidre sxva simptomebi, magram subieqtebi mainc
afiqsirebdnen, rom did Tvalebs da eWvianobas ufro
xSirad xedavdnen erTad. erTi sityviT, iluzoruli
korelaciis darRveva aRmoCnda, rom Znelia.
erTi mizezi Tu ratom ver uweven adamianebi winaaRmde-
gobas iluzorul korelacias aris e.w. damadasturebeli
Secdomis tendencia. miuTiTeben, rom adamianebs tendencia
aqvT eZebon, SeamCnion da gaixsenon is, rac mxars uWers
maT rwmenebs.
safuZvlis momzadeba (Priming) - ganixileba rogorc
erTerTi evristikuli strategia, raTa mouaroT Warb
informacias da efeqturi gavxadoT socialuri samyaros
gageba. es strategia emyareba im faqts, rom ideebi da
kategoriebi romelic gaaCnia individs, warmoadgenen im
safuZvlebs, romlebic mizezobrivad gansazRvraven maT
gamoyenebas momdevno movlenebisa da informaciebis

85
interpretaciisaTvis. amdenad safuZvlis momzadebis stra-
tegia niSnavs garkveuli ideebis da kategoriebis danerg-
vas individis gonebaSi.
safuZvlis momzadeba socialur fsiqologiaSi pirve-
lad gamoiyenes Higgins, Rholes & Jones-ma (1977). maT eqsperimen-
tulad subieqtis gonebaSi “Canerges” garkveuli Tvisebebi
(pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi) imiT, rom daavales maT gar-
kveuli kognituri amocanis Sesruleba, romelic moiTxov-
da garkveuli pirovnuli Tvisebebis (rogoricaa Tav-
gadasavlebis moyvaruli, ganusjeli, damoukidebeli) aqti-
urad gaxsenebas. amis Semdeg mogvianebiT, igive subieqtebi
monawileobas iRebdnen eqsperimentSi, romelic damouki-
debeli iyo wina eqsperimentisagan. kerZod, subieqtebs
sTxovdnen CamoeyalibebinaT STabeWdileba warmosaxul
individze, romelsac erqva donaldi. danaldis aRweraSi
miTiTebuli iyo, rom is mTamsvlelia, avida mwvervalze,
rom gadakveTa antlantika ialqniani naviT. aRmoCnda, rom
subieqtebis STabeWdileba donaldis Sesaxeb Camoyali-
bebuli iyo im pirovnuli TvisebebiT, romelic maT axsov-
daT wina eqsperimentis kognituri davalebidan. CaTvlili
iqna, rom kognituri davalebis SesrulebiT moxda safuZ-
vlebis momzadeba romelmac mizezobrivad gansazRvra
SemdgomSi donaldis Sesaxeb miRebuli informaciis
interpretacia. aRmoCnda, rom im subieqtebis zogadi
STabeWdileba donaldis Sesaxeb, romlebsac kognituri
davalebis Sesrulebisas uxdebodaT dadebiTi TvisebebiT
operireba (Tavgadasavlebis moyvaruli), iyo aSkarad
keTilganwyobiTi. magram isini, romlebsac kognituri
davalebis Sesrulebisas iseTi TvisebebiT operireben
rogoricaa 3ganusjeli4, donaldis Sesaxeb ayalibebdnen
arakeTilganwyobiT STabeWdilebas. amrigad, erTidaigive
informacias donaldis Sesaxeb mivyavarT gansxvavebuli
STabeWdilebis Camoyalibebamde imisda mixedviT Tu riT
iyo aqtivizirebuli goneba manamde.
amasTan, monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom safuZvlis momzade-
bis uSualo efeqti TandaTanobiT qreba. rom safuZvlis
momzadebis efeqti ufro Zlieria imave dRes vidre meore
dRes da a.S.
safuZvlebis momzadebis arapirdapiri efeqtebi
SeiZleba mravalnairi iyos. amitom mas socialur urTi-

86
erTobaSi udao praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. man SeiZleba
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdinos sxva individebis Sesaxeb
pirveli STabeWdilebis Camoyalibebaze da a.S.
Teoriis simtkice - rogorc vnaxeT, ideebi romelic
Canergilia gonebaSi gavlenas axdens Semdgom azrovnebaze.
ra moxdeba, Tu adamianis gonebaSi Canergilia mcdari idea
da Semdeg igebs rom is iyo mcdari? – aRmoCnda, rom
ideebi sakmao simtkices iCenen, ewinaaRmdegebian Secvlas.
adamianebi eWidebian TavianT daskvnebs, maSinac ki roca
monacemebi ewinaaRmdegebian maT. mcdari rwmenis simtkice
Seswavlili iyna mravali mkvlevaris mier (Ross, Leeper &
Hubbard, 1975; Anderson & Sechler, 1986), romelic Teoriis
Seupovrobis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.
Teoriis Seupovroba (simtkice) kargadaa naCvenebi
anderson, leperi da rosos cnobil eqsperimentebSi
(Anderson, Leeper & Ross, 1980). isini subieqtebis erT jgufs
wasakiTxad aZleven moTxrobas, romelsac subieqtebi
mihyavs im azramde, rom adamianebi romlebsac midrekileba
aqvT riskisaken (moswonT riskis gaweva) kargi mexanZreebi
xdebian. subieqtebis meore jgufi ki kiTxulobs moTxro-
bas, romelic subieqtebs arwmunebs, rom kargi mexanZreebi
gamodian bunebiT frTxili adamianebi. Semdeg subieqtebs
unda emsjelaT mizezebze Tu efeqturi mexanZris unarebi
ratomaa asocirebuli riskianobis an sifrTxilis pirov-
nul TvisebebTan. amis Semdeg, mkvlevarebma auxsnes subieq-
tebs, rom moTxroba ramelic maT waikiTxes iyo mogonili,
specialurad am eqsperimentisaTvis, rom is ar Seesabamebo-
da sinamdviles da a.S. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom subieqtebi
agrZelebdnen rwmenas imaze, Tu ra gansazRvravs karg
mexanZreobas (riskianoba an sifrTxile - eqsperimentuli
pirobis mixedviT), maSinac ki roca maTi Teoriis safuZ-
veli darRveulia. CaTvlilia, rom es aris kognituri
siZunwe moqmedebaSi - Tu individs aqvs idea, is Znelad
Tmobs mas.
Teoriis Seupovrobis erTerT mizezs warmoadgens advi-
li xelmisawvdomoba. mizezebis garkveuli nimuSebis
gaazreba, mag. riskianoba rogorc mizezi kargi mexanZrisa,
qmnis pirobebs es mizezi advili xelmisawvdomi iyos
mexsierebisaTvis. amitom maSinac ki, roca Tqven igebT rom
mocemuli axsna ar aris WeSmariti es nimuSi axsnisa

87
agrZelebs mexsierebaSi arsebobas da momavalSi xelaxla
advilad amotivtivdeba.
gansxvavebuli axsna Teoriis Seupovrobisa aris is, rom
adamianebs raki aqvT Teoria isini ufro mimRebni xdebian
im informaciisa romelic mxars uWers maT. es ki safuZ-
vels aZlevs maT ifiqron, rom maTi Teoria zogadad
sworia. SesaZlebelia, rom Teoriis Seupovrobaze gavle-
nas axdens agreTve e.w. damadasturebeli gadaxra (romel-
sic aRvwerT 3iluzoruli korelaciis4 ganxilvisas.
amrigad vRebulobT 3mojadoebuli wris4 msgavs
fenomens: garkveuli informacia ayalibebs garkveul
rwmenas, rac mizezobrivad gansazRvravs imas, rom adamiani
sxva monacemebs xedavs darRveulad (damaxinjebulad), rac
aZlierebs sawyis rwmenas, amis Semdeg sawyisi monacemebis
diskreditaciis SemTxvevaSi, individi mainc fiqrobs, rom
arseboben sawyisi rwmenis sxva mxardamWerebi. daskvna
SeiZleba ufro didxans gagrZeldes vidre is monacemebi,
romelsac emyareba daskvna (Robert A. Baron, Don Byrn, 2000).
regresiis Secdoma. arsebobs saSualosaken regresiis
bazisuri statistikuri principi, rac gulisxmobs imas,
rom ukidures maCveneblebs (maRali an dabali) tendencia
aqvT SemdegisaTvis gahyvnen saSualo maCveneblebs. ase mag.
vTqvaT gamocdaze miiReT ukeTesi qula vidre Cveulebriv
iRebT xolme. rogori iqneba Tqveni molodini imaze, Tu
rogor CaabarebT momdevno gamocdebs? faqtia, rom Tqven
ver gaimeorebT maRal qulas. amis mizezia is, rom gamoc-
dis Cabareba nawilobriv iRbalzecaa damokidebuli. roca
qula ukeTesia vidre Tqven iciT masala e.i. Tqven bedma
gagiRimaT da SegxvdaT masala raSic gamoamJRavneT kargi
codna. magram iRbali ar aris mudmivi Tanamgzavri da
Tqven iciT, rom SeiZleba iRblis imedi ar gqondeT. amave
niSniT, Tu gamocdaze miRebuli qula gacilebiT dabalia
vidre Tqveni Sesaxleblobebia - cxadia ukeTes niSnebs
miiRebT sxva dros.
adamianebs aqvT tendencia ar gaacnobieron
saSualosken regresiis principi da saSualosken
regresiis nimuSs gamouZebnon gansxvavebuli axsna - am
fenomens uwodeben regresiis Secdomas. regresiis
Secdomis tendencias xSirad araswor daskvnamde da
qcevamde mivyavarT. magaliTad, ganvixiloT mSoblis da

88
Svilis urTierTobis erTi aspeqti. deda ajildovebs
Tavis Svils Tundac odnavi kargi saqcielisTvis da sjis,
roca misi qceva aris Zalian cudi. umravlesoba
mSoblebisa ase iqceva. saSualosaken regresiis
statistikuri principi winaswarmetyvelebs rom mas Semdeg
rac bavSvi iyo Zalian kargi, bavSvs ar aqvs tendencia
aseve kargi iyos sxva dros. aseve, mas Semdeg rac bavSvi
iyo Zalian cudi, mas ar aqvs tendencia yovelTvis iyos
cudi. dedas ki eqneba tendencia, ifiqros rom misi reaqcia
(dasja an waxaliseba) cvlis bavSvis qcevas. dasja
moqmedebs ise, rom bavSvis qceva ukeTesi xdeba, xolo
waxalisebisas, bavSvis qceva ukeTesi ar xdeba. Sedegi
SeiZleba iyos is, rom dasja moqmedebs ukeTesad vidre
jildo. am regresiis Secdomis Sedegi savalalo iqneba
bavSvisaTvis. mSobeli ufro sistematurad daiwyebs
dasjas, rogorc aRzrdis meTodis gamoyenebas.
primitiuli azrovneba. aqamde Cven vixilavdiT sakiTxs
Tu rogor iTvisebs da iyenebs Tanamedrove adamiani
mentalur strategiebs, raTa mouaros informaciul siWar-
bes. magram arsebobs strategiebi (mokle CarTvebi), romle-
bic arc Tu ise Tanamedrovea. kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom
Tanamedrove adamianis gonebaSi jer kidev moqmedeben
primitiuli azrovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli strategiebi.
rozinma da misma kolegebma (Rozin, Millman & Nemeroff,
1986) mimoixiles primitiuli sazogadoebis azrovnebis
Taviseburebebi da gaaanalizes ori principi - infeqciis
da msgavsebis principi. infeqciis principi varaudobs, rom
movlenebs romlebic erTxel iyvnen dakavSirebulni arsis
raRac misteriuli transferiT, erTmaneTTan aqvT permanen-
tuli kavSiri. mag. primitivma SeiZleba ifiqros, rom Tma
warmoadgens individis arsis nawils, amdenad Tmis SeWra
vnebis miyenebaa, is avnebs TviT individs. msgavsebis
principi ki gulisxmobs, rom sagnebi romlebic
emsgavsebian erTmaneTs raRacnairad dakavSirebulni arian
erTmaneTTan. magaliTad, vinmes suraTis dawva an daxeva
maTi azriT zians miayenebs TviT individs.
rozini da misi kolegebi (Rozin & others, 1986) atareben
eqsperimentebis seriebs sadac aCveneben, rom aseTi primi-
tiuli azrovnebis kvali SemorCenilia Tanamedrove adamia-
nis azrovnebaSi. mag. maT kvlevaSi subieqtebs aZleven

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WiqiT vaSlis wvens dasalevad. amis Semdeg subieqtebis
Tvalwin WiqaSi agdeben sterilizebul mkvdar tarakanas.
mere iReben mas sterilizebuli kovziT, ise rom vaSlis
wveni darCa zustad imave fizikur kondiciaSi, rogorc
adre da sTxoves subieqtebs daeliaT. magram subieqtebma
ukve aRar moisurves misi daleva.
aseve iqna naCvenebi eqsperimentulad 3magiuri4 msgavse-
bis principis moqmedeba. subieqtebi ar gamoxatavdnen
survils eWamaT Sokoladi Tu formiT is emsgavseboda
maTTvis arasasiamovno rameebs. an kidev, niSanSi srolis
situaciaSi, roca samizned gamoiyenes subieqtisTvis
mniSvnelovani figura, aRmoCnda rom subieqtebma ver SeZ-
les zusti tyorcna. amrigad, rozenis da misi kolegebis
kvlevebi gvarwmuneben, rom primitiuli azrovnebis nimu-
Sebi jer kidev axasiaTebs, ama Tu im formiT, Tanamedrove
adamianis azrovnebas.

afeqti da kognicia

aqamde, arsebiTad vixilavdiT socialur azrovnebas,

magram socialur kogniciaSi garkveul rols TamaSobs
grZnobebic. emocionaluri mdgomareoba moqmedebs Cvens
Sefasebaze da mexsierebis procesebze. cnobilia beronis
(Baron, 1987) kvleva guneba-ganwyobis gavlenaze interviueris
(roca intervius mizani iyo individis SerCeva garkveuli
samuSaosaTvis) mier kandidatis Sefasebaze. aRmoCnda, rom
roca interviueri karg guneba-ganwyobazea is kandidatis
ufro keTilsasurvel Sefasebas iZleva. es gansxvaveba
nawilobriv aixsna guneb-ganwyobis mexsierebaze zegavle-
niT. kerZod, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela interviuSi erTi
da igive informacia iyo miwodebuli kargi guneb-ganwyobis
subieqtebi ufro amJavnebdnen kandidatis sisusteebis da
naklovanebebis daviwyebis tendencias, xolo cudi gunebis
subieqtebs aviwydebodaT kandidatis kargi mxareebi.
emociis saintereso Teoria SemogvTavazes Sexterma da
zingerma (Schachter, 1964). am Teoriis Tanaxmad, emocias aqvs
ori komponenti: Cveulebrivi aRZvra da kognituri iarliyi.
Cveulebrivi aRZvriTi komponenti TiTqmis erTidaigivea
yvela emociisaTvis. guliscema, saxis siTbo da gawiTleba,
cremlebi damaxasiaTebelia gabrazebisaTvis, distresisaT-

90
vis, sixarulisTvis. kognituri iarliyi momdinareobs
situaciis interpretaciidan. Tu uyurebT saSinelebaTa
films Tqveni sxeulebrivi aRZvris interpretacias axdenT
rogorc SiSisa, magram Tu is is aris moigeT latariaSi
mniSvnelovani ram, Tqveni fizikuri niSnebis interpreta-
cias moaxdenT rogorc sixarulisa. sxeulebrivi aRZvra
miuTiTebs imaze, aris Tu ara umocia (da Tu aris ra
siZlierisaa). kognituri komponenti gadawyvets gansxva-
vebuli SesaZlebeli emociidan romels aqvs adgili.
erTi SesaZlebeli nagulisxmevi azri Sexteris Teori-
isa aris is, rom iarliyis SecvliT SesaZlebelia emociis
Secvla. magram iarliyis Secvlis kvlevebma ar mogvca
erTmniSvnelovani Sedegebi. Tumca Sedegebis analizi aCve-
nebda, rom iarliyis Secvla kargad muSaobs, roca saqme
gvaqvs msgavs emociebTan da im individebTan, romlebic ar
arian garkveulni Tu ras grZnoben. iarliyis Secvla
efeqts ar iZleva Zalian gansxvavebuli an araorazrovani
emociebis mimarT. mag. roca vinme Seuracxyofas gvayenebs
gabrazebis iarliyis sixaruliT SecvliT veraviTar
efeqts ver miviRebT.
socialuri fsiqologiis Tanamedrove problema exeba
imis garkvevas aris Tu ara kognicia emociis aucilebeli
nawili. zaionkis azriT (Zajonc, 1984), roca adamianebi aya-
libeben emocionaluri upiratesobis miniWebas maT ar
SeuZliaT misi axsna da SesaZloa Zlivs Tu acnobiereben
mas. zaionki askvnis rom zogierTi emocia xorcieldeba
kognituri procesebis gareSe. lazarusi (Lazacus, 1984) ar
eTanxmeba zaionks, da amtkicebs, rom emociaSi yovelTis
CarTulia interpretaciis garkveuli done. baronis azriT
(Baron, 1987) es dava SesaZlebelia momdinareobdes
3emociis4 gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobidan. misi azriT
zaionki emociis Sesaxeb fiqrobs Zalian farTed, rogorc
guneb-ganwyobis raRac monaTesave mdgomareobaze.
lazarusi iRebs emociis ufro SezRudul Tvalsazriss da
ambobs, rom upiratesobis miniWeba ar aris igive rac
emociis qona. orive mxare SeTanxmebulia erT rameSi, rom
emocias SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos kogniciaze.
grZnobebis socialur kogniciaze gavlenisadmi miZRvni-
li gamokvlevebis kargi analizi mogvca isenma (Jsen, 1984).
aRmoCnda rom karg grZnobebs meti gavlena aqvT kogni-

91
ciaze da es gavlena ufro konsistenturi da saimedoa vid-
re cudi grZnobebis gavlena. adamianebi, romlebic grZno-
ben kargad, aRmoCnda, rom ufro karg SemTxvevebs ixseneben
rogorc TavisTavis ise sxvebis Sesaxeb. maT tendencia
aqvT movlenebi Seafason pozitiurad an upiratesoba mini-
Webis elferiT vidre uaryofiTi grZnobis mqone adamia-
nebs. isini ufro optimisturebi arian momavlis mimarT.
maT aqvT tendencia mogvcen araCveulebrivi sityvaTa
asociaciebi, rac migvaniSnebs imaze, rom kargi guneba
exmareba adamianebs ifiqron da imuSaon SemoqmedebiTad.
maT aqvT tendencia gamoiyenon swrafi, efeqturi, martivi
da intuitiuri midgoma prblemis gadawyvetisadmi.
cud grZnobas (negatiur afeqts) aqvs rTuli efeqti
(Jsen, 1984). erTi mizezi aris is, rom cudi grZnoba aRZravs
komfliqtur tendenciebs. cudma grZnobam SeiZleba gan-
sazRvros rom adamianebma dainaxon yvelafris cudi mxare.
magram amave dros zogjer adamianebi aqtiurad cdiloben
daZlion TavianTi negatiuri grZnobebi movlenebis karg
mxareze saTanadod fokusirebiT. amasTan, gansxvavebul
cud grZnobebs aqvT gansxvavebuli efeqti. gabrazeba da
mwuxareba, orive cudi grZnobaa, magram aRmoCnda, rom maT
aqvT konkretuli gavlena imaze, Tu ra saxis masala iqneba
daviwyebuli. amdenad, miuTiTeben, rom jer kidev bevri
ramaa gasarkvevi imaze, Tu grZnobebi rogor axdenen
gavlenas kogniciaze. aRmoCnda, rom roca gvinda adamianis
gageba emociebi ufro informaciulia vidre qceva. erTerT
kvlevaSi (Andersen, 1984) subieqtebi usmendnen firze
Caweril intervius, sadac mopasuxe aRwerda an Tavis
warsul aqtiobebs, an Tavis warsul azrebs da grZnobebs,
an orives. mosmenilis safuZvelze subieqtebs unda
CamoeyalibebinaT TavianTi STabeWdileba mopasuxis pirov-
nebaze. aRmoCnda, rom subieqtebi ayalibebdnen ufro zust
STabeWdilebebs, roca mopasuxe msjelobda Tavis azrebze
da grZnobebze.

sqemebi: socialuri informaciis organizacia da

gamoyeneba

adamianebi mraval socialur situacias sakmaod swra-

fad igeben da axerxeben adeqvaturi qcevis ganxorciele-

92
bas. es SesaZlebeli xdeba imitom, rom adamianebs amis
gamocdileba aqvT. adamianebi yofilan mraval gansxvave-
bul socialur situaciaSi da gamocdilebis safuZvelze
maT uyalibdebaT garkveuli mentaluri aTvlis sitema,
rac gansazRvravs socialuri samyaros gagebas. aseT
mentalur aTvlis sistemas uwodeben sqemebs. sqema
warmoadgens raimes (sagnis, movlenis, sakuTari Tavis,
sxvisi da sxva) Sesaxeb individis rwmenebis da grZnobebis
organizebul sistemas.
amrigad, adamianis goneba samyaros Sesaxeb izolire-
buli faqtebis narevs ki ar warmoadgens, aramed goneba
axdens misi Sinaarsebis organizacias. raki Camoyalib-
debian, sqemebi Zlier gavlenas axdenen socialuri kog-
niciis gansxvavebul aspeqtebze da amdenad adamianis soci-
alur qcevazec.
arCeven sqemebis gansxvavebul saxeebs, maT Soris
gansakuTrebiT gamoyofen self-sqemebs, person-sqemebs,
rol-sqemebs da mulena-sqemebs.
self-sqemebi. fsiqologebi, da ara marto fsiqologebi,
bevrs muSaoben sakiTxze Tu ras warmoadgens selfi. soci-
aluri kognicia amaze iZleva sakuTar midgomas. soci-
aluri kogniciis poziciebidan selfi warmoadgens sqemas,
romelic gvexmareba movaxdinoT garkveuli movlenebis
interpretacia da gavigoT maTi nagulisxmevi azri.
self-sqema reagirebs adamianis nebismier warmteba Tu
warumateblobaze da axdens mis interpretacias. vTqvaT
studenti iRebs maRal niSans gamocdaze. self-sqema iwyebs
imis interpretacias Tu ras niSnavs miRebuli niSani
studentis codnis Sesaxeb? saerTod misi inteleqts Sesa-
xeb? rogor imoqmedebs es niSani mis Sansze miiRos
garkveuli saxis samuSao swavlis damTavrebis Semdeg?
rogor imoqmedebs is imaze, Tu ras fiqroben masze misi
megobrebi an ojaxis wevrebi? bolosdabolos Secvlis es
warmateba imas Tu ras fiqrobs is Tavis Tavze?
self-sqemebis mniSvneloba informaciis miReba gada-
muSavebis procesSi kargadaa warmodgenili Rogers, Kuiper da
Kirker- is (1977) kvlevaSi. kvlevaSi subieqti zis kompiute-
ris ekranis win. ekranze jer gamoCndeba sityvebi. Semdeg
ekranze Cndeba kiTxvebi, romelic exeba im sityvas, rome-
lic ramodenime wamis win gamoCnda. sul iyo oTxi tipis

93
kiTxva. 1. sityvebi iyo dawerili didi (capital) asoebiT? 2.
iyo sityvebi gariTmuli romelime sxva sityvebTan? 3. hqon-
da sityvas igive mniSvneloba rac zogierT sxva sityvas
hqonda? da 4. sityvebi aRwerda TviT subieqtebs? eqspe-
rimentSi gansxvavebuli sityvebi gawyvilebuli iyo
gansxvavebul kiTxvasTan. eqsperimentis am nawilis damTav-
rebis Semdeg eqsperimentatori moulodnelad sTxovda
subieqtebs daeweraT is sityvebi, romlebic maT daa-
maxsovrdaT. mkvlevarebi uSvebdnen rom subieqtebi
ukeTesad daimaxsovrebdnen im sityvebs, romelic gawyvile-
buli iyo kiTxvasTan 3kiTxvebi axdendnen Tqvens aRweras?4
daSveba emyareboda princips, rom rac ufro Rrmad fiq-
robs subieqti sityvebze, miT ufro advilad daamaxsovr-
deba mas es sityva. Sedegebi adasturebda daSvebis
samarTlianobas. subieqtebi marTlac ukeTesad imaxsovreb-
dnen im sityvebs, romelic aRwerda TviT subieqtebs.
mkvlevarebis azriT raTa vupasuxoT kiTxvas 3sityvebi
axdenda Tqvens aRweras?4 subieqtebs unda gamoeyenebinaT
TavianTi self-sqema.ta. self-sqematis moqmedebaSi moyvana
ki gvaZlevs sityvebis ukeTes damaxsovrebas.
am Sedegebis nagulisxmevi azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
self-sqemebi mniSvnelovan faqtorebs warmoadgenen imis
gansazRvraSi Tu rogor igeben adamianebi TavianT soci-
alur samyaros.

persona, roli da movlena sqemebi

adamianebs ogranizebuli STabeWdileba uyalibdeba

agreTve sxva pirebisadmi. im individis mimarT visac Cven
kargad vicnobT, Camoyalibebuli gvaqvs person-sqemebi,
romelic warmoadgens imis integracias rac viciT da ras
vgrZnobT am individis Sesaxeb da ras moveliT misgan.
wrmenebis, grZnobebis da molodinebis organizacias moce-
muli individis Sesaxeb warmoadgens person-sqemebi.
amitomaa, roca individi moiqceva ise, rom ar jdeba am
individis Sesaxeb Cvens sqemebSi, is CvenSi gaocebas
gamoiwvevs. sxvis mier ganxorcielebuli igive qceva, gao-
cebas ar gamoiwvevs.
aseve gvaqvs Camoyalibebuli e.w. roli-sqemebi, anu
molodinebis organizebuli sistema Tu adamianebi garkve-

94
ul socialur rolSi rogor moiqcevian. mag. profesoris
sqemebi gulisxmobs, rom is dadgeba auditoriis winaSe,
waikiTxavs leqcias, upasuxebs SekiTxvebs da a.S. magram Tu
man adamianis piris Rrus daTvaliereba daiwyo, sqema
maSinve gvacnobebs, rom raRaca mcdaria. magram igive qceva
savsebiT misaRebia, Tu kbilis eqimTan varT.
bolos, Cven gvaqvs organizebuli rwmenebi movlenebis
normaluri an tipiuri kursis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor wari-
marTebian isini, gansxvavebul nacnob situaciebSi, rome-
lsac movlena-sqemebs uwodeben. movlena-sqemebi miuTiTeben
imaze, Tu ra aris mosalodneli rom moxdeba mocemul
situaciaSi. mag. sqemebi saSualebas gvaZlevs vicodeT Tu
rogor warimarTeba movlenebi gamocdebis Cabarebis dros
an piknikze, amitom ar gvWirdeba specialuri Zalisxmeva
imis gasaxseneblad, Tu ra waviRoT an rogor movemzadoT
gamocdebisaTvis an piknikisaTvis.
amrigad, sqemebi - iqneba is self-persona, roli Tu
movlena-sqemebi, efeqturad gvexmareba gavigoT rTuli
socialuri situacia. sqemebi uzrunvelyofen axali infor-
maciis organizaciisa da interpretaciisaTvis aTvlis
sistemas da amdenad gvicavs zedmeti Zalisxmevis saWiroe-
bisagan.
magram, am sikeTesTan erTad, sqemebi xSirad SeiZleba
mniSvnelovani Secdomis wyaro gaxdes. amitom saWiroa
sqemebis moqmedebis, misi gavlenebis ufro dawvrilebiTi
ganxilva.

rogor warmarTavs sqemata informaciis miReba

gadamuSavebis process

Tu rogor warmarTavs sqemata informaciis procesis

mimdinareobas misi sam ZiriTad kognitur procesze
zegavlenaSi vlindeba: es procesebia yuradReba, kodireba
da aRdgena. yuradReba miuTiTebs imaze Tu ras vamCnevT;
kodireba ki imaze, Tu ra Semoinaxeba mexsierebaSi da
aRdgena miuTiTebs imaze, Tu ra iqneba aRdgenili (ras
gavixsenebT). ZiriTadi principia is, rom garkveuli
informacia ikargeba TiToeul am procesSi. es imas
niSnavs, rom Cven vamCnevT samyaros mxolod mcire nawils;
vaxdenT mxolod imis mcire nawilis kodirebas, rasac
vamCnevT; da aRvadgenT mxolod imis mcire nawils, rac

95
Semonaxulia Cvens mexsierebaSi. TiToeuli es procedura
moiTxovs seleqcias Tu SesaZlebeli sagnebidan ra SeiZ-
leba iqnas SemCneuli, kodirebuli da aRdgenili. seleqcia
ar aris SemTxveviTi. gonebas gaaCnia saSualebebi riTac
axdens imis SerCevas, Tu ra SeamCnios da daimaxsovros.
sqemis funqcia swored amaSi mdgomareobs. sqema warmoad-
gens gonebis mTavar iaraRs romliTac is mouvlis infor-
maciis siWarbes. amasTan, sqema ar moqmedebs ubralod
rogorc 3kognituri filtri4. garda amisa is TamaSobs
aqtiur rols, is Secvlis an daarRvevs Semosul infor-
macias, Seavsebs ufskruls, romelic SeiZleba gaCndes
Semosul informaciebs Soris, da saerTod gansazRvravs
socialur samyaroze Cveni gagebis Camoyalibebas.
ganvixiloT sqemis mniSvneloba TiToeuli am procesis
mimdinareobaze.
SemCneva. am sami procesidan yvelaze rTuli Sesaswavli
aRmoCnda SemCneva. kvlevaSi siZneles qmnis is, rom
mkvlevarisaTvis Znelia darwmunebiT icodes esa Tu is
movlena manamde yofila Tu ara SemCneuli subieqtis mier,
Tu SemCneuli iyo da daviwyebulia. amistom saerTod,
cota ramaa cnobili SemCnevis Sesaxeb. erTi ram ueWvelia,
SemCneva win uswrebs kodirebas da aRdgenas. cxadia ar
SeiZleba imis gaxseneba rac ar SegvimCnevia.
rogorc aRvniSneT, sqema gansazRvravs imas, Tu ras
unda movelodeT da imasac, Tu ras SeuZlia gamoiwvios am
molodinis darRveva. aqedan gamomdinare adamianebi maSina-
Tve amCneven imas, rac jdeba mis molodinebSi.
garda amisa, sqemis efeqtia is, rom adamiani imis
ignorirebas axdens, rac mimarTebaSi ar midis sqematasTan.
Tanamedrove gamokvlevebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arse-
biTad fokusirebulia imaze, Tu ra gansazRvravs imas, rom
adamianebma SeamCnion an ignorireba moaxdinon imisa, rac
mimarTebaSi midis an ar midis sqematasTan. mag. aRmoCnda,
rom rac ufro damokidebuli varT vinmeze, miT ufro
gvaqvs tendencia niuansebSi vamCnevdeT cvlilebebs mis
qcevaSi da miT ufro vamCnevT am individis Sesaxeb CvenSi
Camoyalibebuli sqemidan gadaxras.
kodireba. rogorc aRvniSneT, yvelaferi rac SevamCnieT
ar Semoinaxeba mexsierebaSi. SemCnevas ar mivyavarT yvela

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SemTxvevis kodirebisaken. arsebiTad, sqema axdens gavlenas
imaze, Tu risi kodireba unda moxdes.
sqematas roli kodirebaze kargadaa naCvenebi darleisa
da grosis (Darley, Gross, 1983) cnobil kvlevaSi. kvlevaSi maT
gamoiyenes stereotipebi, romelic warmoadgenda sqemas
socialur jgufebze. kerZod, gamoiyenes stereotipi, rom
bavSvebi Raribi fenidan nakleb warmatebebs aRweven
skolaSi vidre bavSvebi SeZlebuli ojaxebidan. eqspe-
rimentSi subieqtebi uyureben videoCanawers meoTxe
klasel gogonaze romelsac erqva ana. filmis Cvenebis
Semdeg subieqtebs sTxovdnen anas Sefasebas Tu ramdenad
kargad akeTebda is skolis saqmeebs (ramdenad warma-
tebuli iyo). filmSi uCvenebdnen anas saxlSi da skolaSi.
subieqtebis naxevars uCvenes ram ana iyo Raribi ojaxidan,
Raribi mezoblobidan da skolac mouwyobeli iyo, rom
misi mSoblebi ar iyvnen ganaTlebulebi. subieqtebis meore
naxevars uCvenebdnen, rom anas ojaxi da mezobloba iyo
saSualoze maRali klasis da skolac iyo kargad mowyobi-
li, mSoblebi iyvnen umaRlesi ganaTlebiT.
garda amisa, zogierT subieqts (mxolod stereotipis
eqsperimentuli situacia) uCvenes Canaweris mxolod pir-
veli nawili. danarCen subieqtebs ki (stereotipi damatebu-
li testis pirobebi) uCvenes filmis meore nawilic.
filmis am nawilSi aCvenebdnen Tu rogor abarebs ana
gamocdas, rogor pasuxobs is gansxvavebul sakiTxebze. es
iyo xangrZlivi gamocda. ana pasuxobda zogierT kiTxvaze
sworad, zogierTze mcdarad - kiTxvebi iyo rogorc Zneli
ise advili. rogorc aRvniSneT subieqtebs sTxovdnen anas
Sefasebas.
erTi mosalodneli Sedegi SeiZleba iyos is, rom
subieqtebi Sefasebisas gamoiyenebdnen stereotipebs, roca
maT ar hqondaT pirdapiri monacemebi anas unarebis Sesaxeb
- (e.i. roca ar uCvenebdnen filmis im nawils, sadac asaxu-
li iyo Tu rogor pasuxobda ana kiTxvebze). am daSvebidan
gamomdinareobs, rom stereotipebi mogvcems gansxvavebas
anas SefasebaSi mxolod stereotipebis eqsperimentul
situaciaSi da ara stereotipebi damatebuli testis
pirobebSi. magram aRmoCnda, rom Sedegebi am molodinebis
sawinaaRmdego iyo. mxolod stereotipis eqsperimentuli
piroba ar gvaZlevda skolaSi anas unaris Sefasebas

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gansxvavebulad, magram gansxvavebuli stereotipebi anas
Sefasebaze gavlenas axdenda roca is kombinirebuli iyo
pirdapir monacemebTan anas unarebis Sesaxeb - da es
miuxedavad imisa, rom es pirdapiri monacemebi anas unare-
bis Sesaxeb yvelasaTvis erTidaigive iyo.
avtorebi Semdegnairad xsnian am faqts. maTi azriT,
anas socialuri klasis fonis codnas moqmedebaSi moyavs
subieqtebis stereotipebi socialuri fenisa da saskolo
unarebis Sesaxeb, da Sedegad sqema gansazRvravs anas
Sesaxeb varauds, rom misi saskolo unarebi SeiZleba iyos
saSualoze dabla Tu is dabali socialuri fenidanaa.
aseT situaciaSi avtorebis azriT subieqtebma SesaZloa ar
gaakeTon daskvna, rom ana akademiurad sustia misi
socialuri fenis gamo, magram isini raRacnairad gumaniT
moelian amas. Tu isini ar miiReben raime pirdapir
informacias anas Sesaxeb, subieqtebi anas ar Seafaseben am
gumanis safuZvelze. magram roca subieqtebi iReben met
informacias, e.i. roca iReben pirdapir monacemebs anas
unarebis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze misi pasuxebidan, es sqema-
safuZveli, gumani gansazRvravs anas pasuxebis seleqciur
kodirebas. subieqtebi, romlebmac ician rom ana aris
Raribi fenidan ufro axdenen misi mcdari pasuxebis
kodirebas, xolo vinc icoda rom iyo mdidari ojaxidan
axdenda ufro swori pasuxubis kodirebas. erTi sityviT,
erTi da igive monacemebs, - anas mier garkveul kiTxvaze
gacemul erTi da igive pasuxebs, mivyavarT anas
gansxvavebul Sefasebamde seleqciuri kodirebis gamo.
aRdgena. bolos sqema moqmedebs imazec, Tu konkretul
SemTxvevaSi mexsierebaSi Semonaxulidan risi aRdgena
xdeba. mTeli informaciidan, romelic kodirebulia indi-
vidis mexsierebaSia, goneba SearCevs zogierTs, zogierTs
daamaxinjebs kidec raTa moergos romelime sqemas, rome-
lic aqtiuria mocemul momentSi. kodirebuli masalis
seleqciuri da damaxinjebuli aRdgena kargadaa naCvenebi
konveisa da rosis (Conwey & Ross, 1984) kvlevaSi.
aRniSnuli problema maT ikvlies universitetSi
studentTa swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT
specialuri prgramebis efeqturobasTan kavSirSi. saqme
imaSia, rom mTel rig universitetebSi aqvT aseTi progra-
mebi, raTa daxmareba gauwion studentebs. magram aRmoCnda,

98
rom obieqturi monacemebi ar adastureben am programebis
efeqturobas. roca gazomes studentebis SesaZlebeli
gaumjobeseba da Seadares is im studentebis monacemebs,
romlebsac ar hqondaT es programa gamoyenebuli, maT So-
ris gansxvaveba ar dadasturda. is faqti, rom es progra-
mebi realurad ar muSaoben ar aris sayovelTaod
cnobili. amasTan isini vinc monawileoben am programebSi,
xSirad acxadeben, rom programas garkveuli sargebloba
moaqvs. amrigad arsebobs gansvla obieqtur monacemebs -
rom programebi ar aumjobeseben Sedegebs - da subieqtur
angariSs Soris (subieqtebs miaCniaT, rom programebidan
garkveul sikeTes iReben).
avtorebis azriT, studentebs aqvT movlena-sqema unare-
bis gaumjobesebis programaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, da am
sqemis nawili iqneba rom unari gaumjobesdeba. Sesabamisad,
maTi azriT, sqemas SeuZlia mogvces seleqciuri da dama-
xinjebuli gaxseneba (aRdgena). am avtorebis eqsperimentSi
programis monawileebi TavianT SeZenil unarebs afaseben
programamde da programis gavlis Semdeg. sakontrolo
subieqtebic aseve afaseben TavianT Tavs imave skalebiT.
programamde rogorc es mosalodneli iyo, monawile da
sakontrolo jgufis subieqtebi aCvenebdnen unarebis
erTidaigive dones. prgramis gavlis Semdeg, monawile da
sakontrolo jgufis subieqtebi aseve afasebdnen TavianT
unarebs da Sedegebi aRmoCnda rom konsistenturi iyo
zogadi azrisa rom programa realurad ar muSaobs. magram
dadasturda erTi saintereso niuansi. roca subieqtebs
sTxoves gaexsenebinaT TavianTi adrindeli (programamde-
li) Sefaseba, mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba gamovlinda
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis pasuxebs Soris.
sakontrolo jgufi TavianTi adrindeli unaris dones
ixsenebdnen zustad, maSin roca, programis monawileebi
3ixsenebdnen4 rom programamde hqondaT ufro cudi unari.
e.i. unarebis gaumjobesebis programa ar cvlis monawilis
Sefasebas mocemul unarze, magram adablebs maT Sefasebas
programamde. erTi sityviT, avtorebis azriT sqema
gulisxmobs rom programa aumjobesebs unarebs da roca es
ar xdeba individi TavisTavs arwmunebs, rom maTi unari
gaumjobesda. da es keTdeba aRdgenisas imis gaTvaliswine-
biT, Tu ra cudad akeTebdnen isini programamde.

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 rodesac naxevari wlis Semdeg imave subieqtebs
sTxoves gaexsenebinaT maTi Sesruleba, aRmoCnda rom
programis monawile subieqtebi ixsenebdnen ufro maRal
Sesrulebas vidre sakontrolo jgufis wevrebi. sqema
karnaxobda, rom programis Semdeg Sesruleba gaumjobe-
sebuli unda yofiliyo da rasac karnaxobda sqema is
moxda. magram problema is iyo, rom realurad ase ar
áxdeboda
TviT-cnobiereba.
aqamde Cven vixilavdiT sakiTxs Cvens irgvliv arsebul
samyaroSi informaciis mimdinareobaze. adamianebis
interesebSi Semodis agreTve sakuTari me, amitom
mniSvnelovania yuradRebis sakuTar meze fokusirebis
Taviseburebebi. mravali fsiqologi ikvlevda sakuTa Tavze
fokusirebuli yuradRebis mizezebs da Sedegebs,
romelsac uwodeben self-yuradRebas an self-cnobierebas.
sistematuri mimoxilva self-cnobierebis procesisa
mogvca diuvalma da viklendma (Duval & Wicklund, 1972). maTi
azriT self-cnobiereba Seicavs TavisTavis Sedarebas
Tavis ideebsa da miznebTan. isini varaudoben, rom radgan
Cven Cveulebriv ar vzomavT Cvens ideebs srulyofilad,
self-cnobiereba Cveulebriv arasasiamovno unda iyos.
self-cnobierebis Semdgom kvlevebSi, miviwyebuli iqna
idea, rom self-cnobiereba tipiurad ar aris sasiamovno.
roca Cven warmatebas vaRwevT, roca Cven vdgevarT Cvens
rwmenaze, an roca vakeTebT iseT rames romelic karg
grZnobas gvaZlevs Cvens Sesaxeb, Cven tendencia gvaqvs
davinaxoT self-cnobiereba (Greenberg & Musham, 1981). da
marTlac bevrs siamovnebs roca Tavis suraTs uyurebs.
siamovnebs televizorSi yofna, an Tundac sarkeSi yureba -
yvela es movlena zrdis self-cnobierebas.
self-cnobierebis ufro rTuli Teoria SemogvTavazes
karverma da Seierma (Carver & Schaier, 1981). isini self-
cnobierebas ixilaven rogorc ukukavSiris kvanZs. isini
varaudoben, rom self-cnobiereba Seicavs Cveni mimdinare
selfis xazgasmas Cvens miznebTan mimarTebaSi da Tu
saWiroa Cveni qcevis Secvlasac raTa ufro mWidroT
movargoT miznebs.
avtorebi agreTve ansxvaveben self-cnobierebis or
tips: sajaro self-cnobiereba da piradi self-cnobiereba.

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pirveli miuTiTebs Tavis Tavis rogorc socialuri
obieqtis gacnobierebaze - rogor Cans is sxvebisaTvis.
piradi self-cnobiereba ki Seicavs sakuTari grZnobebis,
atitudebis da Rirebulebebis gacnobierebas.
self-cnobierebis ukukavSiris meqanizmiT gaazrebis
roli dadasturda mTel rig gamokvlevebSi. erTerT
kvlevaSi (Gibbons, 1978) jer specialuri kiTxvaris saSuale-
biT daadgines gogonebis seqsualuri danaSaulis zoma
(danaSauli grZnoba an enzaiti seqsualur sakiTxebze). ori
kviris Semdeg es gogonebi kiTxulobdnen da afasebdnen
seqsualuri aqtiobis pornografiul aRweras. zogierTi
gogona seqsualur pasaJebs kiTxulobda damjdari sarkis
win (procedura romelic amaRlebda self-cnobierebas).
aRmoCnda, rom maTi reaqciebi pornografiul masalaze
maTi pirovnuli standartebis konsistenturi iyo. maRali
seqs danaSaulis gogonebs ar moswondaT pasaJi, maSin
roca dabali seqs danaSaulis gogonebs moswondaT. im
gogonebis monacemebi, romlebic seqsualur pasaJebs
kiTxulobdnen sarkis gareSe, amJRavnebda, rom ar iyo
urTierToba pirovnul standartebsa da seqsualuri
pasaJebis Sefasebas Soris. e.i.self-cnobierebis gareSe,
subieqtebis reaqcia ar iyo mkacrad determinirebuli maTi
Sinagani rwmenebiT da atitudebiT.
amrigad, zemod mocemul pirobebSi avtorebis mier
self-cnobiereba ganxilulia rogorc yuradReba selfze.
magram yuradReba ar aris erTaderTi kognituri procesi,
romelic CarTulia self-cnobierebaSi. aris monacemebi,
romlebic aCveneben, rom self-cnobiereba xSirad emsgav-
seba kodirebas da ara self-SemCnevas, isini self-cnobi-
erebas ixilaven rogorc informaciis process selfis
Sesaxeb.
zogierTi avtori self-cnobierebas ganixilavs ro-
gorc pirovnul Tvisebas. maTi azriT zogierTi individi
ufro self-cnobieria, bevrs fiqrobs TavisTavze, siamov-
nebs sarkeSi yureba, xSirad fiqrobs imaze, rogor
aRiqvamen mas sxvebi, zogierTebi ki naklebad fiqroben
yovelive amaze.

self-cnobierebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba

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 garda imisa, rom self-cnobiereba sainteresoa Tavis-
Tavad, mas aqvs praqtikuli gamoyenebac. saintereso
mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba self-
cnobierebis maxasiaTeblebi gamoviyenoT alkoholizmis,
paranoiduli azrovnebis da dawolis (presis) pirobebSi
Sesrulebis mimarT.
alkoholi da self-cnobiereba. ratom iReben adamianebi
alkohols? ra Tqma unda arsebobs amis mravali mizezi,
magram analizma aCvena, rom yvela SesaZlebeli mizezis
saerTo maxasiaTebelia is, rom alkoholi amcirebs self-
cnobierebas. rom adamianebi miiswrafian Rvinisaken nawi-
lobriv am faqtis gamo. rogorc zemod aRvniSneT, self-
cnobiereba aris TavisTavis Sedareba miznebTan da
standartebTan. roca raRac cudi xdeba - samuSaos
dakargva, sasurveli nivTis an piris dakargva da a.S.,
adamians uCndeba survili daiviwyos marcxi da alkoholi
exmareba amaSi. adamianebi xSirad amboben, rom alkoholi
exmareba maT 3daiviwyon TavianTi gasaWiri4, magram
alkoholis efeqtia self-cnobierebis Semcireba. adamiani
wyvets fiqrs imaze, Tu rogor aisaxeba gasaWiri selfSi.
roca gvinda SevwyvitoT Cveni qcevis Sejereba
standartebTan, alkoholi gvexmareba amis
ganxorcielebaSi isev self-cnobierebis reducirebiT.
hali da iangi (Hull & Young, 1983) varaudoben, rom
adamianebs romlebsac maRali self-cnobierebis tendencia
aqvT unda surdeT meti alkoholis miReba marcxis Semdeg,
radgan TavisTavze fokusireba marcxis Semdeg mtkivne-
ulia. kvlevaSi maT mamakac subieqtebs misces 10 testi.
kiTxvebi iyo Zalian Zneli, ise rom subieqtebi ver
iqnebodnen darwmunebuli ramdenad warmatebiT gasces
pasuxi kiTxvebs. amis Semdeg subieqtebis naxevars
eubnebodnen, rom maT miiRes sakmaod maRali qulebi,
danarCen subieqtebs ki uTxres, rom maT Zalian cudad
Seasrules amocana. amis Semdeg subieqtebi gahyavT meore
oTaxSi, TiTqos sxva eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad
- aq subieqts sTxovdnen Rvinis Sefasebas. maT unda
SeefasebinaT Rvinoebis seria. faqtiurad mkvlevarebs
ainteresebdaT Tu ra raodenobis Rvinos dalevdnen
subieqtebi degustaciis procesSi. aRmoCnda, rom Sedegebi
(Tu ra raodenobis fvinos dalevdnen) damokidebuli iyo

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self-cnobierebis pirovnul Tvisebaze, romlis Sefaseba
xdeboda winaswar. maRali self-cnobierebis subieqtebi
gacilebiT met Rvinos svamdnen mas Semdeg rac JQ-testis
Sesrulebisas 3marcxi ganicades4. amis mizezad
mkvlevarebi miiCneven selfze-fokusirebuli azrovnebidan
gaqcevis tendencias.
igive dadasturda velis kvlevebSi. mkvlevarebi uTval-
Tvalebdnen alkoholikebs, romlebmac gaiares antialko-
holuri mkurnalobis kursi detoqsikaciis progrpamiT.
dakvirvebis Sedegad moaxdines individebis klasifikacia
self-cnobierebis mixedviT - e.i. maRali da dabali, self-
cnobierebis mqoneebi da meores mxriv, imisda mixedviT Tu
rogori sacxovrebeli pirobebi hqondaT - pozitiuri da
warmatebiTi Tu stresuli da negatiuri. dakvirveba am
adamianebze xdeboda sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi da fiqsir-
deboda gaagrZelebdnen Tu ara isini dalevas. Sedegebi
miuTiTeben, rom recidivis (e.i. dalevis dawyeba – miu-
xedavad mkurnalobisa) tendencia hqonda individebs
romlebsac hqondaT stresul-negatiuri sacxovrebeli
pirobebi kombinirebuli maRali self-cnobierebis Tvise-
basTan. dabali self-cnobierebis individebisaTvis faqtiu-
rad aRmoCnda, rom ar hqonda mniSvneloba kargi-cudi
sacxovrebo situacias.
selfi rogorc samizne paranoiduli azrovnebisaTvis.
gazviadebul rwmenas, rom garegani movlenebi mimarTulia
selfisaken, feningSteinma (Feningstein, 1984) 3selfi rogorc
samizne4, fenomeni uwoda. es fenomeni normaluria, magram
emsgavseba paranoidebis azrovnebas, romelic fiqrobs, rom
garegani movlenebi mimarTulia specifikurad misken.
aRmoCnda, rom self-cnobierebas garkveuli wvlili Seaqvs
selfi rogorc samizne fenomenSi. vTqvaT, orma Tqvenma
nacnobma, romlebic Tvengan garkveul manZilze dganan
SegamCniaT, da cota xnis Semdeg daiwyes sicili. rogor
ggoniaT, icinian isini Tqvenze? aRmoCnda, rom adamianebs
romlebsac maRali self-cnobierebis pirovnuli Tviseba
aqvT, ufro aqvT tendencia CaTvalon, rom es sicili maT
exebaT. selfi rogorc samizne fenomenis arsi imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom Tu tendencia gaqvT Tqveni Tavi yovel-
Tvis yuradRebis centrSi gyavdeT, tendencia geqnebaT

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garegani movlenebi gaiazroT rogorc mimarTulni
Tqvensken.
Sesruleba presis pirobebSi - presis pirobebSi igu-
lisxmeba situacia, roca individi Zalian cdilobs Sea-
srulos kargad. es imas niSnavs, rom Sesrulebis Sedegebs
Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, es mniSvnelovneba axdens
individze dawolas, rac SeiZleba kargad Seasrulos
rasac akeTebs. am dros individi Zalian mondomebulia
gaakeTos kargad. magram Sedegi? Cveulebriv aris is rom
adamiani am dros 3sunTqvaSekruli4 asrulebs cudad.
kvlevebi gviCveneben, rom wnexis pirobebSi self-cnobi-
ereba gavlenas axdens Sesrulebaze. presis pirobebSi
gaSeSeba niSnavs cudad Sesrulebas, maSin roca kargad
Sesruleba Zalian mniSvnelovania.

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