Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Volume 3
Part 18
Street Lighting
VOLUME 3 PART 18
STREET LIGHTING
Disclaimer
The State of Qatar Ministry of Transport and Communications (MOTC) provides access to the Qatar
Highway Design Manual (QHDM) and Qatar Traffic Control Manual (QTCM) on the web and as hard
copies as Version (2.0) of these manuals, without any minimum liability to MOTC.
Under no circumstances does MOTC warrant or certify the information to be free of errors or
deficiencies of any kind.
The use of these manuals for any work does not relieve the user from exercising due diligence and
sound engineering practice, nor does it entitle the user to claim or receive any kind of
compensation for damages or loss that might be attributed to such use.
Any future changes and amendments will be made available on the MOTC web site. Users of these
manuals should check that they have the most current version.
Note: New findings, technologies, and topics related to transportation planning, design, operation,
and maintenance will be used by MOTC to update the manuals. Users are encouraged to provide
feedback through the MOT website within a year of publishing the manuals, which will be
reviewed, assessed, and possibly included in the next version.
Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved.
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تنويه
قامت وزارة املواصالت واالتصاالت ي دولة قطر بتوف ﺮ دليل تصميم الطرق لدولة قطر )Qatar Highway Design Manual ‐
(QHDMودليل قطر للتحكم املروري ) (Qatar Traffic Control Manual ‐ QTCMع ى شبكة اإلن ﺮنت وكنسخ مطبوعة باعتبارها
اإلصدار رقم ) (2.0من هذﻩ األدلة وذلك دون ادنى مسؤولية ع ى وزارة املواصالت واالتصاالت.
ُ
يجب التأكيد ع ى إن وزارة املواصالت واالتصاالت ،وتحت أي ظرف من الظروف ،ال تج أو تتعهد أو تصادق ع ى أن تكون املعلومات املتضمنة
ي هذين الدليل ن خالية من أي نوع من األخطاء أو العيوب.
إن استخدام هذﻩ األدلة ألي عمل ال يعفي املستخدم من إتباع العناية الواجبة أو الفائقة واملمارسة الهندسية السليمة ،كما أنه ال يخول
ُ
للمستخدم املطالبة أو استالم أي نوع من التعويض عن األضرار أو الخسائر ال يمكن أن تعزى إ ى هذا االستخدام.
سوف تكون أي تغي ﺮات او تعديالت متاحة ومتوفرة ع ى موقع اإلن ﺮنت الخاص بالوزارة .ويتوجب ع ى املستخدم ن التحقق بشكل متواصل بأن
لد م أحدث إصدار من هذﻩ األدلة.
مالحظة :ستقوم وزارة املواصالت واالتصاالت بمواصلة تحديث وتعديل ِكال الدليل ن مع األخذ بع ن االعتبار االكتشافات الجديدة
ُ
والتكنولوجيات الحديثة واملواضيع املستجدة ال تتعلق بتخطيط وتصميم وتشغيل وصيانة النقل والطرق واملرور.
ُ
إن الوزارة تشجع املستخدم ن ع ى تقديم املالحظات واالق ﺮاحات والتعليقات وردود األفعال ،خالل سنة من اصدار ِكال الدليل ن ،وذلك من
خالل موقع الوزارة حيث سوف يتم مراجعة هذﻩ املالحظات واالق ﺮاحات ومن ثم تقييمها وإدراجها ضمن اإلصدار القادم من األدلة .
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Contents Page
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................... v
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Hierarchy of Standards ................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Sustainability ............................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Reference Standards and Documents ......................................................................... 3
2 Environmental ................................................................................................................ 5
3 Software Requirements .................................................................................................. 7
3.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 7
3.2 Lighting Photometric Performance Software .............................................................. 7
3.3 Lighting Cabling Network Software ............................................................................. 8
4 Classifications and Design Factors ................................................................................... 9
4.1 Road Classification ....................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Road Surface Classification .......................................................................................... 9
4.3 Maintenance Factor ................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Luminaire Inclination ................................................................................................. 10
5 Lighting Design ............................................................................................................. 11
5.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Lighting Level for Various Road Classifications .......................................................... 11
5.3 Roundabouts and Intersections ................................................................................. 11
5.3.1 Roundabouts .............................................................................................. 11
5.3.2 Intersections ............................................................................................... 12
5.3.3 Underbridges .............................................................................................. 13
5.3.4 Underpasses ............................................................................................... 13
5.3.5 Pedestrian Crossings .................................................................................. 13
5.3.6 Tunnels ....................................................................................................... 14
5.3.7 Bike Paths and Pedestrian Walkways ......................................................... 14
5.4 Special Lighting Requirements .................................................................................. 15
5.4.1 Lighting near Overhead Lines ..................................................................... 15
5.4.2 Lighting of Bends in Road ........................................................................... 16
5.4.3 Column Setback .......................................................................................... 17
6 Typical Road Lighting Furniture Configurations ............................................................. 19
7 Standard Lighting Equipment ........................................................................................ 21
7.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 21
7.2 Luminaires/Lamps ..................................................................................................... 21
7.2.1 Luminaires .................................................................................................. 21
7.2.2 High Pressure Sodium ................................................................................ 21
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7.2.3 LED .............................................................................................................. 22
7.3 Conventional, Non‐High Mast Columns ..................................................................... 22
7.4 High Masts ................................................................................................................. 22
7.5 Cables ......................................................................................................................... 22
7.6 Earthing ...................................................................................................................... 23
7.7 Feeder Pillars.............................................................................................................. 23
7.8 Ducts .......................................................................................................................... 24
8 Sign Gantry Lighting ...................................................................................................... 25
9 Typical Lighting Layouts ................................................................................................ 27
9.1 Design Drawings Symbols .......................................................................................... 27
9.2 Typical Roundabout Layout ....................................................................................... 28
9.3 Typical Intersection Layout ........................................................................................ 29
References ............................................................................................................................. 31
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Tables
Table 3.1 Allowable Voltage Drops ..................................................................................... 8
Table 4.1 Road Lighting Classifications ............................................................................... 9
Table 4.2 Road Surface Classifications ................................................................................ 9
Table 4.3 Maintenance Factors for Lighting Types ........................................................... 10
Table 5.1 Lighting Levels for Road Classification Types .................................................... 11
Table 5.2 Roundabout Lighting Design Criteria ................................................................ 12
Table 5.3 Intersection Performance Requirements for Road Classifications ................... 12
Table 5.4 Minimum Performance Requirements for Underbridge Lighting ..................... 13
Table 5.5 Minimum Illumination Level for Pedestrian Crossings ..................................... 14
Table 5.6 Recommended Illumination Levels for Bike Paths and Pedestrian Walkways . 15
Table 5.7 Minimum Clearance from Edge of Roadway to Lighting Column Face ............. 17
Table 6.1 Typical Column, Luminaire, Lamp, and Tilt for Various Road Types ................. 19
Table 8.1 Required Illumination Level for Traffic Signboards ........................................... 25
Table 9.1 Drawing Symbols on Design Layout Drawings .................................................. 27
Figures
Figure 5.1 Positioning of Lighting Columns near Pedestrian Crossings ............................. 14
Figure 5.2 Spacing Reduction at Bends and Curves ........................................................... 16
Figure 9.1 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Roundabout ........................................... 28
Figure 9.2 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at T‐intersection ......................................... 29
Figure 9.3 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Staggered Intersection ........................... 29
Figure 9.4 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Signalized Intersection ........................... 30
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Ashghal State of Qatar Public Works Authority
BS EN British Standard that is the implementation of the European Norm
candelas/m2 candelas per square meter
CIE Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage
cm centimeter(s)
Cu copper
Eav maintained average illuminance
FHWA Federal Highway Administration (United States)
HPS high‐pressure sodium
IP Ingress Protection
Kahramaa Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation
km kilometer(s)
kph kilometers per hour
Lave maintained average luminance
LED light emitting diode
lux SI unit of illuminance equal to one lumen per square meter
m meter(s)
m² square meter(s)
mm millimeter(s)
mm2 square millimeter(s)
MoE Ministry of Environment
NFPA National Fire Protection Association (United States)
PVC polyvinyl chloride
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QCS 2014 Qatar Construction Standards 2014
QHDM Qatar Highway Design Manual
SI International System of Units
SL1 plot accesses/driveways
SL2 road crossings
SL4 road crossings at feeder pillar locations
SR surround ratio
SWA galvanized steel wire armor
TI threshold increment
UL longitudinal uniformity ratio
Uo overall uniformity ratio
W watt(s)
XLPE cross‐linked polyethylene
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1 Introduction
1.1 General
This lighting design part of the Qatar Highway Design Manual (QHDM) has been
prepared as the primary exterior lighting (excluding landscape) design standard for the
State of Qatar.
All roads within Qatar shall be lit, unless specifically instructed by the Head of Street
Lighting within the Asset Affairs, Roads Operation & Maintenance Department.
The goal of lighting design is to provide a solution that achieves the basic lighting
parameters. There is a fundamental requirement that all design solutions be
constructible, maintainable, and sustainable.
All proposed street lighting and final designs shall be reviewed for maintainability and
compliance with the QHDM. Maintainability design approval shall be obtained from the
Head of Street Lighting within Asset Affairs, Roads Operation & Maintenance
Department, prior to ordering materials or equipment or the commencement of on‐
site works.
Accordingly, this section is intended to provide designers with a clear understanding of
the requirements of the design process, including the identification of the stakeholders
whose specific requirements and inputs are to be considered throughout the life cycle
of each project.
This part provides guidance on good design practice, but designers must ensure that all
materials proposed are in accordance with the latest version of the Qatar Construction
Standards 2014 (QCS 2014) (Ministry of Environment [MoE]).
The State of Qatar Public Works Authority (Ashghal) shall have the sole authority to
instruct if any contradiction or clash arises between standards or codes of practice.
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Accordingly, any design to be undertaken adopting the Qatar Highway Design Manual as
the primary design basis should adopt the following hierarchy of standards:
1. Qatar Highway Design Manual
2. Corresponding British and European standards
3. Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage (CIE) standards
Should there be any discrepancy with any project design standards or design manuals,
the QHDM shall take precedence over the primary standard that overarches all other
standards, unless prior written approval from Ashghal is received for the project
exception.
1.3 Sustainability
The key sustainability principles for highway design in Qatar are summarized in Part 1,
Introduction to QHDM and Guidance, and Part 21, Environmental, of this manual. Early
consideration of potential impacts and how the design can ensure these impacts are
avoided or minimized is a key principle to be followed. Sustainable design should
minimize the need for design rework and achieve optimal economic feasibility
considering costs over the whole asset life, including future costs that may be incurred
from changes to traffic volumes, urbanization, user types, and environmental
conditions. The design should, from the earliest stages, consider opportunities to
design out negative environmental and social impacts and how enhancements can be
incorporated. Specifically relating to the design of street lighting, designers should
consider the following issues (refer to Part 21, Environmental, of this manual):
Social and economic: Effective lighting benefits the community by reducing
nighttime personal injury accidents, street crime, and fear. Moreover, research
suggests effective lighting facilitates social inclusion and economic development by
supporting a 24‐hour leisure economy.
Safety: Lighting design should incorporate roads, underbridges, underpasses,
tunnels, pedestrian walkways, community gathering spaces, and bike routes.
Operational energy consumption: The maintenance and upgrading of lighting
systems with efficient light sources, fixtures, and controls can provide several
benefits, such as enhanced aesthetics, reduced lighting energy use, and improved
visual environment. Equipment should be specified to maximize energy efficiency
in use, and designers should incorporate opportunities to co‐locate micro‐
renewable energy generation with equipment requiring an energy demand.
Resource efficiency through sustainable procurement: Design should promote the
procurement of equipment that minimizes the quantity of raw, specifically scarce,
materials required. The design should be optimized to minimize waste during
construction, maintenance, and decommission of lighting options. Operational
temperature resistance of equipment should be considered at an early stage.
Reduction of environmentally hazardous waste by‐product: Designer shall
consider the material composition of lighting equipment and avoid or eliminate the
use of products that include hazardous materials.
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Visual impact and landscape design: Lighting design should minimize the visual
impact of the road and seek to enhance the visual amenity value of the area where
possible.
Light pollution and disturbance: Lighting schemes should minimize unnecessary
light pollution and intrusion of local community sensitive receptors. Schemes
should also review the ecological and biodiversity impacts surrounding the roadway
corridor.
Cultural heritage: Roadway design should optimize the protection, preservation,
and enhancement of sites of archaeological or cultural value through lighting
solutions to avoid or minimize visual intrusion.
Promoting sustainable transport: Designers should consider lighting requirements
of all road users making suitable provisions for public transport users in terms of
provision of lighting to access and cross the road network. Where roadways are
unsuitable for nonmotorized users, the design should consider incorporating lit
segregated pathways for cycle users.
British Standard BS 5489‐1: Code of Practice for the Design of Road Lighting—
Part 1: Lighting of Roads and Public Amenity Areas (BS 5489‐1)
British Standard BS 7671: Requirements for Electrical Installations (BS 7671)
British Standard BS EN 12899‐1: Fixed, Vertical Road Traffic Signs—Part 1: Fixed
Signs (BS EN 12899‐1)
British Standard BS EN 13201‐2: Road Lighting—Part 2: Performance Requirements
(BS EN 13201‐2)
CIE Standard 88: Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses
(CIE 88:2004)
CIE Standard 115: Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic (CIE 115:2010)
CIE Standard 121: The Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires
(CIE 121‐1996)
CIE Standard 129: Guide for Lighting Exterior Work Areas (CIE 129‐1998)
CIE Standard 136: Guide to the Lighting of Urban Areas (CIE 136‐1995)
CIE Standard 140: Road Lighting Calculations (CIE 140‐2000)
CIE Standard 189: Calculation of Tunnel Lighting Quality Criteria (CIE 189:2010)
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid‐State Lighting Products
(Illuminating Engineering Society, 2008)
Qatar Construction Standards 2014(MoE, )
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Well‐lit Highways: Code of Practice for Highway Lighting Management (UK Lighting
Board, 2004)
ASHGHAL Street Lighting Luminaire Specification – LED
It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that the most current edition of each
standard is used or referenced.
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2 Environmental
Ashghal places great emphasis on the environmental aspect of any design. This is
especially true of lighting designs, where technological advances are constantly being
made in terms of efficiency and the reduction of the carbon footprint.
The lighting designer must refer to the steps that have been taken in terms of
addressing the issue of environmental sustainability. All lighting design reports must
include, at each design stage, a section relating to environmental considerations,
specifically with reference to Part 21, Environmental, of this manual.
The areas that designers must demonstrate that they have considered must include,
but not be limited to, the following:
Efficient light sources
Minimizing light pollution
Energy efficiency in terms of choice and location of equipment
Environmental impact ease of maintenance
Choosing light sources that do not contain hazardous materials
Achieving sustainable design criteria
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3 Software Requirements
3.1 General
Any calculations relating to lighting design downstream of the feeder pillar must be
carried out using an independent software package. This includes the lighting
performance calculations and all supporting electrical calculations relating to the
cabling network.
For low‐voltage power supplies, the designer must liaise with the approving body
within Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (Kahramaa) to ensure that their
specific requirements are met. Specific reference is made to the Kahramaa Workshop
for Consultants—Roads Design & Procedures. However, it is the designer’s
responsibility to strictly adhere to the latest Kahramaa requirements and standards.
Lighting Reality
AGI
Litestar
Designers are permitted to use other independent software packages. However, they
must obtain written acceptance from Ashghal for any alternative software prior to the
commencement of design works. Ashghal reserves the right to ask the designer for a
practical demonstration, prior to approving any alternative.
No manufacturer‐related software will be approved by Ashghal.
The designer shall, upon request by Ashghal, provide a copy of the “read only” software
for the lighting software selected.
All lighting design calculations must clearly identify the road lighting classification being
designed to (see Table 4.1), together with the corresponding design values applicable
to the road lighting type (see Table 5.1). Performance calculations must adhere to the
design values for the applicable road classification.
Performance calculations shall provide results that can be achieved by at least three
separate luminaire manufacturers.
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Refer to Chapter 5 in this Part for the lighting performance requirements for the various
lighting parameters.
Amtech
Hevacomp
ETAP
Designers are permitted to use other independent software packages. However, they
must obtain written acceptance from Ashghal for any alternative software prior to the
commencement of design works. Ashghal reserves the right to ask the designer for a
practical demonstration, prior to approving any alternative.
The designer shall, upon request by Ashghal, provide a copy of the “read only” software
for the electrical cable design software selected.
No manufacturer‐related software will be approved by Ashghal.
Voltage drop calculations shall be strictly limited to 5 percent from substation to the
last column within each lighting circuit, as shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Allowable Voltage Drops
Element of Circuit Considered Maximum Voltage Drop
Substation to Feeder Pillar 2.5%
Feeder Pillar to End of Circuit 2.5%
The breakdown of the permissible volt drops should be the targeted maximum for each
element of the circuit.
There is a degree of tolerance allowed. However, neither of the two elements shall
individually exceed 3 percent, and the maximum of the sum of the two circuit elements
shall not exceed 5 percent.
No voltage drop from substation to end of street lighting circuit shall exceed 5 percent,
in accordance with Kahramaa requirements. Any deviation from this requirement must
be supported by written agreement and approval from Kahramaa. Compliance with
voltage drop requirement does not negate the requirement for cables to be fully
compliant with the requirements of the QCS 2014 (MoE).
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The road classification is determined by the road/highway designers, based on factors
such as the design speed, traffic flow, location, and capacity. For the purposes of
lighting design, the road classifications are as shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Road Lighting Classifications
Road Highway Class per Part 2,
Classification Description Sections 3.3 and 3.4
Freeways
A Motorways and expressways Expressways
B Ring roads and major urban arterial roads Major Arterials
Boulevards
Distributor roads (urban), minor urban arterials,
C Minor Arterials
major urban collectors, and commercial streets Major Collectors
Collector Distributors
Distributor roads (rural), service roads, and minor
D Minor Collectors
urban collector roads Service Roads
E Local urban access and residential roads Local Roads
F Nonvehicular Not applicable
Table 4.2 Road Surface Classifications
Surface
Class Q₀ Description Reflectance Mode
Concrete road surface or asphalt road surface with a
R1 0.1 minimum of 12% of aggregates composed of artificial Mostly diffuse
brightener.
Asphalt road surface with an aggregate composed of a Mixed (diffuse and
R2 0.07 minimum 60% gravel with a size greater than 1 cm and with specular)
10 to 15% artificial brightener in asphalt mix.
Asphalt road surface with dark aggregates or with a rough Slightly specular
R3 0.07
texture after some months of use (typical highways).
R4 0.08 Asphalt road surface with very smooth texture. Mostly specular
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IP rating of the luminaire
Depreciation of the light output over a given period of time
Pollution category
Cleaning and lamp replacement intervals
Irrespective of road type, the maintenance regime and IP rating of the equipment will
be the same. The only change to this would be for the lighting within structures where
luminaires are more prone to dust ingress. Table 4.3 lists the maintenance factors to
adopt. The maintenance factors denoted below shall be adopted unless advised
otherwise by Ashghal Roads Operation & Maintenance Department.
Table 4.3 Maintenance Factors for Lighting Types
Luminaire Location Maintenance Factor
Conventional column lighting 0.70
Underbridge/underpass & tunnel lighting 0.70
High‐mast lighting 0.80
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5 Lighting Design
5.1 General
This section deals specifically with the lighting levels to be adopted for the lighting of
roads, underbridges, underpasses, tunnels, pedestrian walkways, and bike paths.
There are also design levels to be adopted for conflict areas where an increased lighting
level is required for the safety of motorists and to enhance the contrast between
pedestrians and the background.
Conflict areas are defined in BS 5489 as “typically junctions, intersections, roundabouts
and pedestrian crossings, where significant streams of motorized traffic intersect with
each other, or, with other road users such as pedestrians and cyclists” (BS 5489‐1).
Table 5.1 Lighting Levels for Road Classification Types
Maintained Maximum
Average Overall Longitudina Threshold
Road Luminance, Lave Uniformity l Uniformity Increment, TI Surround
Classification (candelas/m²) Ratio, Uo Ratio, Ul (%) Ratio, SR
A 2 0.4 0.7 10 0.5
B 1.5 0.4 0.7 10 0.5
C 1.5 0.4 0.7 10 0.5
D 1 0.4 0.5 15 0.5
E 0.75 0.4 0.5 15 0.5
F Measured in Illuminance. Refer to Section 5.3.7, in this part.
5.3.1 Roundabouts
The lighting provided at a roundabout should enable the driver to see clearly any traffic
to the left, at the preceding entry or entries, and traffic already on the gyratory system
of the roundabout. The lighting should also enable the driver to have adequate forward
vision when on the roundabout to see traffic entering from the right and to decide
whether it is safe to proceed.
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Roundabouts fall within three categories:
Motorway or freeway intersection with distributor roads
Distributor roads with local and residential roads
Internal local and residential roads
Table 5.2 lists the minimum performance requirements for the various road
classifications (see Table 4.1).
Table 5.2 Roundabout Lighting Design Criteria
Road Classification Maintained Average Illuminance, Eav (lux) Overall Uniformity Ratio, Uo
A 50 0.4
B 30 0.4
C 30 0.4
D 20 0.4
E 15 0.4
F Not applicable Not applicable
Lighting levels for conflict areas are directly linked to the lighting of the approach road.
Where the approach roads to the conflict area (see Section 5.1, in this part) differ in
classification, the highest road classification level is applicable.
For typical roundabout layouts, refer to Section 9.2, in this part.
5.3.2 Intersections
The lighting at intersections should reveal the positions of curbs and road markings, the
direction of roads, the presence of pedestrians or obstructions, and the movement of
vehicles near the intersection. The lighting at the intersection shall be related to the
need of drivers approaching to see vehicles approaching from other directions.
Depending on the importance of the intersection with respect to traffic flow, lighting
arrangements shall be worked out considering the lighting levels of the roads leading
to and from it. Table 5.3 presents intersection performance requirements.
Table 5.3 Intersection Performance Requirements for Road Classifications
Road Classification Maintained Average Illuminance, Eav (lux) Overall Uniformity Ratio, Uo
A 50 0.4
B 30 0.4
C 30 0.4
D 20 0.4
E 15 0.4
F Not applicable Not applicable
For typical intersection layout, refer to Section 9.3 in this part.
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5.3.3 Underbridges
An underbridge, in lighting terms, is road covered by a bridge structure that has to be
lit at night to maintain a seamless transition between the entry and exit from the bridge
structure.
To achieve desired driving conditions, nighttime lighting must be equal or greater than
that on the approach road. Table 5.4 lists minimum performance requirements for
underbridge lighting.
Table 5.4 Minimum Performance Requirements for Underbridge Lighting
Maintained Average Illuminance (lux) Overall Uniformity Ratio, Uo
50 0.4
5.3.4 Underpasses
Lighting requirements shall be assessed depending on the length of the structure.
If light penetration into the underpass is sufficient (according to CIE 88:2004, Section 4)
and the length is less than or equal to 75 m, then only uniform night time lighting is
warranted to complement the surrounding roads/area. Refer to Section 5.2 in this part.
Should there not be sufficient light, or the length of the structure is greater than 75 m,
then specific tunnel lighting shall be provided. Refer to Section 5.3.6 in this part.
Lighting is important to include at all pedestrian crossing locations for the comfort and
safety of the road users. Lighting should be present at all marked crossing locations.
Lighting provides early warning to drivers to expect pedestrians crossing. Source:
Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock Crosswalks (FHWA, 2008)
Figure 5.1 shows the correct column placement near pedestrian crossings.
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Source: Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock Crosswalks (FHWA, 2008)
Figure 5.1 Positioning of Lighting Columns near Pedestrian Crossings
Table 5.5 identifies the minimum performance requirements for pedestrian crossings
within the various road classifications.
Table 5.5 Minimum Illumination Level for Pedestrian Crossings
Road Classification Maintained Average Illuminance, Eav (lux) Overall Uniformity Ratio, Uo
A 50 0.4
B 30 0.4
C 30 0.4
D 20 0.4
E 15 0.4
F Not applicable Not applicable
5.3.6 Tunnels
Tunnel lighting does not fall under the remit of the Qatar Highway Design Manual.
Designers shall consult the latest edition of CIE Standard 88 (CIE 88:2004) for guidance
on the lighting of tunnels.
Designers shall ensure that any tunnel design complies with the requirements of Qatar
Civil Defence and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), with particular reference
to emergency lighting and illuminated signage requirements.
The purpose of lighting for pedestrian walkways and bike paths is to enable pedestrians
and cyclists to orient themselves, to detect vehicular and other hazards, and to
discourage crime against people and property. Table 5.6 identifies the minimum
performance requirements for area classifications.
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Table 5.6 Recommended Illumination Levels for Bike Paths and Pedestrian
Walkways
Area Classification Maintained Average Illuminance (lux) Minimum Illuminance (lux)
Urban/Residential Area 10 2
Rural Area 5 1
Bike paths within the Right of Way situated in rural environments shall be lit in the
following areas:
Bike paths located in population centers or villages that contain more than 500
residents as per MME policy plan
Bike paths within 2 km distance of the population centers
The entire extent of bpike paths connecting two population centers that are within
8 km distance of each other
The approaches, up to 100 m, either side of rest areas
The 2 km and 8 km distances discussed above are to be measured from the point where
the posted speed of the roadway entering the village is reduced.
No additional lighting provisions are to be provided for remaining sections of the rural
bike paths, with the exception of providing cross ducting of the carriageway for future
lighting installations. An additional two‐way duct (150 mm diameter) is to be installed
under the carriageway at all electrical pillar locations to provide future service to bike
paths located on the opposite side.
Lighting near overhead lines
Lighting of bends in road
Restrictions referred to in this section include the vertical and horizontal right‐of‐way
area on either side of overhead lines.
The designer shall identify whether there is a requirement for lighting near overhead
lines. When required, the designer shall, wherever possible, maintain the lighting levels
of the main line that the overhead lines are crossing. Any noncompliance must be
agreed in writing by Ashghal. It is the responsibility of the designer to show that all
means of maintaining lighting levels has been undertaken.
The lighting designer must immediately inform Ashghal when lighting designs are to
include lighting within the Kahramaa overhead lines right‐of‐way areas.
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Kahramaa reference document ENA‐M1, Section 1.1 clearly sets out the right‐of‐way
area parameters for each overhead line voltage level (Kahramaa, 2007). It is the
responsibility of the lighting designer to confirm (with Kahramaa) that the transmission
voltage and corresponding right‐of‐way area have been correctly identified.
The lighting of bends is a key part of any design. The designer shall ensure that lighting
levels are not reduced. This shall be achieved by reducing the spacing between lighting
columns to ensure the design lighting levels, as a minimum, are maintained. All columns
shall be oriented perpendicular to the curbline at each location.
This shall include all design criteria requirements (LAVE, Ul, Uo, and TI) shall be achieved.
The reduction in spacing is applicable to verge‐mountings and to columns in the center
median.
Figure 5.2 identifies typical and anticipated reduction in column spacing relative to the
optimum spacing (S). This diagram is provided for guidance only and does not absolve
the designer from meeting all lighting design criteria.
Figure 5.2 Spacing Reduction at Bends and Curves
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Many accidents involve a motor vehicle leaving the roadway. If the vehicle collides with
a lighting column, the severity of injury to the occupants is likely to be increased.
The number of such collisions is likely to decrease with increased clearance of the
lighting columns from the edge of the front edge of the curb.
Wherever possible, the designer shall locate the column at the rear of the footpath.
The criteria below should be regarded as the absolute minimum requirements should
it not be possible to site the columns at the rear of the footpath. The minimum
desirable clearances according to the design speed of the road given in Table 5.7 shall
be achieved wherever possible. Any deviation from the minimum distances identified
must be made through prior written agreement with Ashghal. In addition, these
requirements shall be read in conjunction with Vol 3 Part 23 Design Operation of Road
Safety, which refers to clear zones and safety barriers.
Table 5.7 Minimum Clearance from Front of Roadside Curb to Lighting Column
Face
Design Speed (kph) Horizontal Clearance (m)
50 0.8
80 1.0
100 1.5
120 1.5
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Table 6.1 lists typical column, luminaire, lamp, and tilt for various road types. It should
not be regarded as definitive. Any lighting arrangement that differs from those listed in
Table 6.1 should be discussed with Ashghal before adopting any lighting design.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) should be adopted wherever they can be used, subject to
the availability of an approved luminaire to achieve the required lighting levels.
Table 6.1 Typical Column, Luminaire, Lamp, and Tilt for Various Road Types
Luminaire
Street Lighting Lamp Type Tilt Lighting
Column Height and Rating Minimum Lamp Lumens (degrees) Classifications
70 W HPS 6,500
5 m or 6 m 0 or 5 E & F
LED Equivalent of 70 W HPS
100 W HPS 10,000
8 m 150 W HPS 17,200 0 or 5 D & E
LED Equivalent of 100 W/150 W HPS
150 W HPS 17,200
10 m 250 W HPS 33,000 0 or 5 C, D, E
LED Equivalent 150 W/250 W HPS
250 W HPS 33,000
12 m or 14 m 400 W HPS 56,500 0 or 5 B & C
LED Equivalent 250 W/400 W HPS
400 W HPS 56,500
16 m 0 or 5 A
600 W HPS 90,000
Notes:
HPS = high‐pressure sodium
m = meters
W = watts
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Lighting designs should consider the future maintenance of the installation, particularly
concerning proposed equipment.
The designer should take into consideration the fact that Ashghal is required to stock
replacement equipment for all types of equipment that falls within its Operation and
Maintenance purview. Wherever possible, the designer shall, standardize materials and
equipment from the Ashghal Approved Materials list. Approval must be sought from
the Head of Street Lighting within Asset Affairs, Roads Operation & Maintenance
Department, for all proposed materials, apparatus, and equipment.
Note that compliance with the standardization of equipment does not necessarily imply
full compliance with Ashghal requirements. For full compliance, the equipment should
be in accordance with the latest edition of Qatar National Construction Standards
(MoE, 2011) and approved by the Ashghal Roads Operation & Maintenance Traffic
Section.
7.2 Luminaires/Lamps
7.2.1 Luminaires
Proposed equipment, including choice of luminaire used for lighting performance
calculations, must be acceptable to and approved by Ashghal.
With the exception of LED lighting, as identified in Section 7.2.3 in this part, designers
shall adopt high‐pressure sodium (HPS) as the light source for road lighting designs to
be adopted by the Ashghal Roads Operation & Maintenance Department. Alternates
shall be accepted only by prior written approval by Ashghal.
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7.2.3 LED
The use of LEDs in road lighting is becoming more prevalent and shall become the
preferred light source for all road classifications as the technology advances.
LED Luminaires shall be as per ASHGHAL Street Lighting Luminaire Specification – LED
and shall be from the ASHGHAL LED prequalification list.
The designer shall consult with Ashghal prior to adopting non‐LED solutions for any
other lighting application.
The use of high‐mast lighting shall be limited to the following:
Grade‐separated interchanges
Road Classification A, B, and C intersections where lighting levels cannot be
achieved by conventional lighting
Classification A main lines where lighting levels cannot be achieved by conventional
lighting
All high masts shall be either 25 m or 30 m in height. The designer must demonstrate
that conventional lighting solutions are not viable prior to adopting a high‐mast
solution.
7.5 Cables
Road lighting cable selection shall be derived from compliant electrical calculations with
the following principles in mind:
Enable safe operation of the circuit allowing disconnection of the electrical supply,
thus eliminating damage to components or injury to persons if an electrical fault is
present
Enable the electrical equipment to function and operate correctly
Ensure compliance with regulations governing electrical cabling systems
All cables shall be XLPE/SWA/PVC/Cu, meaning:
All cables outer sheathing shall be cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE).
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Galvanized steel wire armor (SWA) shall be utilized as additional earthing.
Inner sheathing shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Conductors shall be insulated copper (Cu).
In addition to all underground street lighting cables shall be ‐ 600/1000V, 4 Core / Cu
/XLPE / SWA / PVC of sizes 10,16, 25 or 35 sq.mm
Note: All road lighting cables shall have a separate earthing cable that is, as a minimum,
50 percent of the size of the lighting cable conductor.
7.6 Earthing
Full earthing requirements are identified within the relevant section of the QCS 2014
(MoE). Guidelines for the earthing of installations are as follows:
Earthpit/earthrod at the end of each lighting circuit
Earthpit/earthrod within 2 m of each road lighting feeder pillar
Separate individual earthpit/earthrod at each high mast
Separate earthing cable for each lighting cable that is, as a minimum, 50 percent of
the size of the lighting cable conductor or 5 core cable to be used in design
The resistance of the earth electrodes shall not be more than 10 ohms when
measured
The designer must perform calculations to confirm that the lighting circuit is adequately
earthed.
At a minimum, all feeder pillars must be located at the rear of footways and paths, and
must be installed above the expected water table. For the safety of maintenance
personnel and to avoid single or multiple lane closure on divided highways, feeder
pillars shall not be installed in the medians.
All feeder pillars shall comply with the Kahramaa requirement for metering, whether
within the road lighting feeder pillar or in a separate housing pillar.
It is the designer’s responsibility to liaise with Kahramaa Customer Services Department
to ensure that the latest Kahramaa metering requirements are met.
Refer to the relevant section within the latest Qatar National Construction Standards
(MoE, 2011), for full construction details, referencing, and labeling of feeder pillars.
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7.8 Ducts
Road lighting cables shall be routed through ducts at the following locations:
Plot accesses/driveways (SL1)
Cable passing under ramp, under decorated/granite tiles, under narrow central
verge and areas inaccessible for easy excavation (SL1)
Under landscape areas and garden areas(SL1)
Street Lighting cables installed in corridors not belonging to street lights and
crossing other utilities (SL1)
Road crossings (SL2)
Road crossings at feeder pillar locations (SL4)
Additional ducts on main line to ensure there is no distance greater than 500 m
between ducts
The SL references above indicate that the ducts are for the purposes of street (road)
lighting with the following numeral identifying the number of ducts.
Ducts shall be made of PVC, 150‐mm internal diameter. Where ducts cross roads,
driveways, or access points, they must be encased in concrete. Ducts crossing roads
must be routed into an inspection chamber at both ends.
For construction requirements, refer to the relevant section of QCS 2014 (MoE).
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The power supply for gantry sign lighting shall be taken from the nearest road lighting
feeder pillar via a dedicated outgoing circuit.
It is acceptable for multiple gantry signs to be serviced from a single feeder pillar circuit.
However, there shall be no road lighting connected to sign gantry lighting circuits or
sign gantry connected to road lighting circuits.
No power supply shall be taken directly from road lighting column cut out.
The illumination levels required are dependent on the lighting levels adopted for the
particular road where the gantry is located. Table 8.1 identifies the requirements for
gantry sign lighting.
Table 8.1 Required Illumination Level for Traffic Signboards
Maintained Average Uniformity
Location Illuminance (lux) Ratio (Uo)
Area with low or medium background luminance 100 ≤ E < 400 ≥0.33
Area with high background luminance 400 ≤ E < 1,500
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Table 9.1 Drawing Symbols on Design Layout Drawings
Symbol Description Symbol Description
30‐m high mast 8x600W SON/T 16‐m column 3x600W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
30‐m high mast 6x600W SON/T 16‐m column 2x600W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
30‐m high mast 8x400W SON/T 16‐m column 1x600W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
30‐m high mast 6x400W SON/T 16‐m column 2x400W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
30‐m high mast 8x600W SON/T 16‐m column 1x400W SON/T
luminaire back to back arrangement luminaire
30‐m high mast 6x600W SON/T 14‐m column 3x600W SON/T
luminaire back to back arrangement luminaire
30‐m high mast 8x400W SON/T 14‐m column 2x400W SON/T
luminaire back to back arrangement luminaire
30‐m high mast 6x400W SON/T 14‐m column 1x400W SON/T
luminaire back to back arrangement luminaire
30‐m high mast 3x600W SON/T 12‐m column 2x400W SON/T
luminaire single sided arrangement luminaire
30‐m high mast 3x400W SON/T 12‐m column 1x400W SON/T
luminaire single sided arrangement luminaire
25‐m high mast 8x600W SON/T 10‐m column 2x250W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
25‐m high mast 6x600W SON/T 10 m column 1x250W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
25‐m high mast 8x400W SON/T 8‐m column 2x150W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
25‐m high mast 6x400W SON/T 8‐m column 1x150W SON/T
luminaire equally distributed luminaire
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Figure 9.1 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Roundabout
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Figure 9.2 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at T‐intersection
Figure 9.3 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Staggered Intersection
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Figure 9.4 Typical Column/Luminaire Layout at Signalized Intersection
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References
BS 5489‐1. Code of Practice for the Design of Road Lighting—Part 1: Lighting of Roads and Public
Amenity Areas. British Standards Institution: London, England. 2003.
BS 7671. Requirements for Electrical Installations. British Standards Institution: London, England.
2013.
BS EN 12899‐1. Fixed, Vertical Road Traffic Signs—Part 1: Fixed Signs. British Standards Institution:
London, England. 2008.
CIE 88:2004. Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses. Commission Internationale
de l’Eclairage (CIE): Vienna, Austria. 2004.
CIE 115:2010. Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic. Commission Internationale de
l’Eclairage (CIE): Vienna, Austria. 2010.
CIE 121‐1996. The Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires. Commission Internationale de
l’Eclairage (CIE): Vienna, Austria. 1996.
CIE 129‐1998. Guide for Lighting Exterior Work Areas. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage
(CIE): Vienna, Austria. 1998.
CIE 136‐1995. Guide to the Lighting of Urban Areas. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE):
Vienna, Austria. 1995.
CIE 140‐2000. Road Lighting Calculations. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE): Vienna,
Austria. 2000.
CIE 189:2010. Calculation of Tunnel Lighting Quality Criteria. Commission Internationale de
l’Eclairage (CIE): Vienna, Austria. 2010.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock
Crosswalks. Publication No. FHWA‐HRT‐08‐053. U.S. Department of Transportation; Turner‐
Fairbank Highway Research Center: McLean, Virginia, United States. April 2008.
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid‐State
Lighting Products. IES LM‐79‐08. New York, New York, United States. 2008.
Kahramaa. Regulations for Clearances and Works in the Vicinity of Extra‐High Voltage Installations.
EN‐M1. Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation: Doha, Qatar. 2007.
Ministry of Environment (MoE). Qatar National Construction Standards 2014(QCS 2014). State of
Qatar: Doha, Qatar.
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UK Lighting Board. Well‐lit Highways: Code of Practice for Highway Lighting Management. Road
Liaison Group: London, England. 2004. Last updated 13 August 2013.
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