PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
8. INTERFERENCE
Subject Code: GEPURPCO
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING THE 21ST
CENTURY COMMUNICATIOHN
COMMUNICATION
 Is understood as the process of meaning-
making through a channel or medium
 It comes from the Latin“Communicares”
meaning to share or to make ideas
common
THE COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
1. SOURCE
 carefully crafts the message
 The sender may be anyone: An author of a
book, a public speaker in a special
occasion or even a traffic enforcer
2. MESSAGE
 the reason behind any interaction
 the meaning shared between the sender
and receiver
3. CHANNEL
 is the means by which a message is
conveyed
 Example: when we answer a phone call,
the phone is the channel
4. RECEIVER
 the person who receives the transmitted
message
 the receiver may be a part of an audience
in a public speaking event, a reader of a
letter or a driver who reads road sign
5. FEEDBACK
 in any communication scenario, a
feedback is essential to confirm recipient
understanding
 feedback: like message, are expressed in
varied form
6. ENVIRONMENT
 the place, the feeling, the mindset and the
condition of both sender and receiver
7. CONTEXT
 involves the expectations of the sender
and the receiver and the common or
shared understanding through the
environment signals
 also known as barrier or block that
prevents effective communication to take
place
 KINDS OF INTERFERENCE
(A) Psychological barriers
 are thoughts that hamper the
message to be interpreted correctly
by the receiver
(B) Physical barriers
 include competing stimulus, weather
and climate, health and ignorance of
the medium
(C) Linguistic and Cultural barriers
 pertain to the language and its
cultural environment.
 words may mean another in different
cultures
(D) Mechanical barriers
 are those raised by the channels
employed for interpersonal, group or
mass communication.
 these include: cellphones, laptops
and other gadgets used in
communication.
NINE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
 Michael Osborn (2009) claims that
communication must meet certain
standards for effective
communication to take place
1. CLARITY
 makes speeches understandable,
Fuzzy language is absolutely forbidden
as are jargons, cliché expressions,
euphemisms and doublespeak
language
2. CONCRETENESS
 reduces misunderstandings, messages
must be supported by facts such as
research data, statistics or figures
 to achieve concreteness, abstract
words must be avoided
3. COURTESY
 builds goodwill.
 it involves being polite in terms of
approach and manner of addressing an
individual.
4. CORRECTNESS
 glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the
meaning of sentence. Also, the misuse of
language can damage your credibility
5. CONSIDERATION
 messages must be geared towards the
audience. The sender of a message must
consider the recipients profession. Level of
education race, ethnicity, hobbies,
interests, passions, advocacies and age
when drafting or delivering a message.
6. CREATIVITY
 having the ability to craft interesting
messages in terms of sentence structure
and word choice.
7. CONCISENESS
 simplicity and directness help you to be
concise.
 Avoid using lengthy expressions and words
that may confuse the recipient.
8. CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
 today, with the increasing emphasis on
empowering diverse cultures,
lifestyles, and races the pursuit for gender
equality, cultural sensitivity becomes an
important standard for effective
communication.
9. CAPTIVATING
 you must strive to make messages
interesting to command more attention
and better responses.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN
COMMUNICATION
1. Respect audience
2. Consider the result of communication
3. Value truth
4. Use information correctly
5. Do not falsify information
LESSON 2: SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
IDIOM OF THE DAY: Hold your tongue
Meaning: Don’t say what you want to say, keep
your mouth shut.
You need to realize that in the English
Language, the subject and verb must agree in
person and in number.
1. SINGULAR SUBJECT take singular verbs;
plural subjects take plural verbs.
Examples:
 An obstinate man does not hold
opinions.
 The students bring their experiment
equipment at the science lab.
2. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS each, everyone, no
one, someone, somebody, nobody, and every
take singular verbs.
Examples:
 Everyone is expected to join the
English competition.
 No one seems to like him.
3. COLLECTIVE NOUNS take singular verbs if
they are taken as a single unit.
Examples:
 The class spends its free time in the
library.
 The committee decides on the case
about drug addiction.
4. COLLECTIVE NOUNS take plural verbs if they
act individually.
Example:
 The crew disagree on the decision of
the manager.
5. COMPOUND SUBJECT joined by either-or
and neither-nor, the verb agrees with the
nearest subject. If the subject near the verb is
singular, it takes singular verb. It takes plural
verb if the subject near the verb is plural.
Examples:
 Neither mother nor her daughter
watches the children play.
  Either the coach or the player comes
on time.
 Neither the principal nor the teachers
arrive late at the assembly.
 Either the president or the secretaries
move in the right direction.
6. INTERVNING WORD do not affect the
number of the verb.
Example:
 The staff, together with its member,
stands firm to impose the rule.
7. NOUNS THAT RE PLURAL in form but
singular in meaning agree with singular verbs.
Examples:
 Physics is a difficult subject.
 The news brings joy or sadness to a
person.
8. THE EXPRESSION NUMBER takes plural
verb; the expression the number takes singular
verb.
Examples:
 A number of people die in the Pakistan
earthquake.
 A number of children were affected by
the economic crises.
 The number of absentees was reduced
during the second quarter.
 The number of enrollees has increased
this school year.
9. AN AMOUNT OF MONEY, space of time, or
unit of measurement even in plural form takes
singular verb.
Examples:
 Three meters of cloth is enough for the
table.
 Twenty pesos is what I need.
10. COMPOUND SUBJECT connected by and
takes a plural verb.
Examples:
 Meriam and Joyce visit me in my
house.
 The teacher and the researcher discuss
the weak points of the demonstrator.
11. COMPOUND SUBJECT connected by and
takes a singular verb if the subject means the
same thing or person.
Examples:
 My cousin and friend travels to the US
for study tour.
 The secretary and treasurer is
trustworthy.
12. A TITLE IS SINGULAR and must have a
singular verb.
Examples:
 “Trees” is a popular poem written by
Joyce Kilmer.
 Mona Liza is a beautiful artwork of Da
Vinci.
13. IN A COMPOUND SUBJECT, one negative,
one positive, the verb agrees with the positive
subject.
Examples:
 The students, not the teacher perform
on stage.
 The teacher, not the students teaches
the lesson.
14. TWO NOUNS thought of together take a
singular verb.
Examples:
 Rice and fish is what I have for
breakfast.
 Coffee and milk is a good blend.
15. FEW, SEVERAL, AND MANY take plural
verbs when used as pronouns.
Examples:
 Few are willing to leave the country.
 Several have consented to migrate.
16. FRACTIONS TAKE SINGULAR VERBS. But, if
the fraction is followed by an of - phrase the
number of the verb depends on whether the
noun in the of - phrase is singular or plural.
Examples:
 Three-fourths of the melon is enough.
 Three-fourths of the apples are green.
17. ALL TAKES PLURAL VERB when it refers to
concrete nouns; all takes singular verb when it
refers to abstract nouns.
 Examples:
 All of the students are loyal to her.
 All she had was hope.