THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, DESPITE AND IN SPITE OF

BECAUSE, BECAUSE OF, DUE TO

I. THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, DESPITE VÀ IN SPITE OF

1. Công thức
- Though/ Although/ Even though + S + V, S + V (Mặc dù…nhưng mà)
VD: Although he is sick, he sings a lot. (Mặc dù ốm anh ta vẫn hát như sáo)
Lưu ý: Trong câu nếu đã có though, although và even though thì không sử dụng từ but hoặc
ngược lại.
- Despite = In spite of + V-ing hoặc danh từ, S + V
VD: Despite being sick, he sings a lot.
2. Cách chuyển đổi từ câu có Though, Although, Even though sang câu có Despite và In
spite of
TH1: Sau despite và in spite of là V-ing
Nếu 2 vế có cùng chủ ngữ,
Ví dụ:
Although Mary eats McDonalds regularly, she remained slim. (cùng chủ ngữ nên bỏ she)
động từ vế giữ nguyên
- Despite eating McDonalds regularly, Mary remained slim.
- In spite of eating McDonalds regularly, Mary remained slim.
b. Although he does not have money, he still spends a lot. (cùng chủ ngữ he)
động từ vế giữ nguyên
- Despite not having money, he still spends a lot.
- In spite of not having money, he still spends a lot.
TH2: Nếu 2 vế có khác chủ ngữ, sau despite và in spite of chuyển về thành danh từ
Ví dụ:
a. Although it rains, I want to go for a run (bỏ although, bỏ chủ ngữ it, động từ rains chuyển
thành danh từ the rain)
vế giữ nguyên
- I want to go for a run despite the rain.
- I want to go for a run in spite of the rain.
b. Although he is sick, he sings a lot. (bỏ although, bỏ động từ is, he chuyển thành his, sick
chuyển thành danh từ sickness)
vế giữ nguyên
- Despite his sickness, he sings a lot.
- In spite of his sickness, he sings a lot.
c. Although it is raining heavily, we go to school. (bỏ although, bỏ chủ ngữ it, bỏ động từ is;
động từ raining biến thành danh từ rain; trạng từ heavily bỏ -ly chuyển thành tính từ heavy ➔
tính từ đứng trước danh từ ta có: the heavy rain)
- Despite the heavy rain, we go to school.
- In spite of the heavy rain, we go to school.
4. Cả despite và in spite of thường đứng trước the fact.
Sử dụng in spite of và despite đứng trước “the fact that” thì chỉ cần viết lại cả 2 vế không cần
biến đổi câu quá nhiều
Ví dụ:
Mary bought a new pair of shoes although she already had 97 pairs.
➔ Mary bought a new pair of shoes despite the fact that she already had 97 pairs.
➔ Mary went to the cinema in spite of the fact that she was exhausted.
(Mary đã mua một đôi giầy mới mặc dù thực tế rằng cô ấy đã có 97 đôi rồi.)

EXERCISES
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống dung although, though, even though, despite và in spite of
1. ________________ she has a good look, everybody hates her.
2. Jane seldom sees Jim ________________ they go to the same school.
3. ________________ her illness, Jane went to work yesterday.
4. ________________ it was chilly outside, we went fishing.
5. ________________ working hard, Peter failed the test.
6. ________________ the difficulties, Sarah managed to solve the problem.
7. My grandfather was very strong ________________ his old age.
8. The children slept deeply ________________ the noise.
9. ________________ the high salary, Mary refused the job offer.
10. ________________ earning a high salary, Sara never wastes her money.
11. I find the film boring________________ many people like it.
12. ________________the bad weather, we went on our school picnic.
13. ________________the congestion, we weren’t late for the meeting.
14. ________________ he’s rich, he is always upset.
15. I couldn’t sleep________________ I was exhausted.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu với although, despite hoặc in spite of
1. Even though he usually tells lies, many people believe him.
➔ In spite of ..................................................................................................................
2. Although Lan is a poor student, she studies very well.
➔ Despite ......................................................................................................................
 3. Although she was out of money, she went shopping
➔ In spite of...................................................................................................................
4. Even though he stayed up late to finish his report last night, he gets up early to do
morning exercises today.
➔ Despite.......................................................................................................................
5. Although the weather was bad, we had a wonderful holiday with a lot of interesting
activities.
➔ Despite.......................................................................................................................
6. In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
➔ Although .....................................................................................................................
7. In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
➔ Although .....................................................................................................................
8. Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
➔ Despite ........................................................................................................................
9. Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
➔ In spite of ....................................................................................................................
10. Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
➔ Despite ........................................................................................................................

II. CẤU TRÚC VỚI BECAUSE, BECAUSE OF VÀ DUE TO

1. Cấu trúc BECAUSE

Because là một giới từ đứng trước mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân. Cấu trúc: Bởi vì…cho nên…
S + V BECAUSE S + V Hoặc BECAUSE S + V, S + V
( đảo vị trí 2 vế không ảnh hưởng gì đến nghĩa)
Lưu ý: Trong câu có mệnh đề because rồi thì mệnh đề còn lại không dùng từ so (cho nên,
chính vì thế)
Ví dụ:
I love it because it’s very beautiful
She could only eat salad because she is a vegetarian
2. Cấu trúc BECAUSE OF và DUE TO
Because of sẽ đứng trước một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ, V-ing, hoặc đại từ. Because of cũng
dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân tương tự như Because.
BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO + V-ing hoặc Danh từ
Cách làm thì tương tự như biến đổi Although, Though, Even though sang Despite và In spite
of
3. Cách chuyển đổi từ câu có Because sang câu có Because of và Due to
TH1: Sau Because of và Due to là V-ing
Ví dụ:
a. Because Mary eats McDonalds regularly, she is fat. (cùng chủ ngữ nên bỏ she)
động từ vế giữ nguyên
- Because of eating McDonalds regularly, Mary is fat.
- Due to eating McDonalds regularly, Mary is fat.
(Vì thường xuyên ăn McDonalds cho nên Mary béo)
b. Because he does not have money, he cannot spend a lot. (cùng chủ ngữ he)
động từ vế giữ nguyên
- Despite not having money, he cannot spend a lot.
- In spite of not having money, he cannot spend a lot.
TH2: Nếu 2 vế có khác chủ ngữ, chuyển vế chứa because về thành một danh từ
Ví dụ:
a. Because it rains, I want to stay home (bỏ because, bỏ chủ ngữ it, động từ rains chuyển
thành danh từ the rain)
vế giữ nguyên
- I want to stay home because of the rain.
- I want to stay home due to the rain.
b. Because he is sick, he cannot talk a lot. (bỏ because, bỏ động từ is, he chuyển thành his,
sick chuyển thành danh từ sickness)
vế giữ nguyên
- Due to his sickness, he cannot talk a lot.
- Because of his sickness, he cannot talk a lot.
c. Because it is raining heavily, we don’t go to school.
- Because of the heavy rain, we don’t go to school.
- Due to the heavy rain, we don’t go to school.
4. Cả because of và due to thường đứng trước the fact.
Sử dụng because of và due to đứng trước “the fact that” thì chỉ cần viết lại cả 2 vế không cần
biến đổi câu quá nhiều
Ví dụ:
Mary bought a new pair of shoes because she only had 1 pair.
➔ Mary bought a new pair of shoes because of the fact that she already had 1 pair.
➔ Mary went to the cinema due to the fact that she was exhausted.
EXERCISES
Bài 1: Điền because, because of hoặc due to
1. We stopped playing football ……. the rain.
 2. It was all …….. him that they got into trouble.
3. They had to hurry indoors …… it was raining.
4. She is late ……. the traffic.
5. We didn’t arrive until six o’clock …….. the traffic was terrible.
6. He found the exam easy …….. he had worked hard during the course.
7. She can’t drive …….. her illness.
8. This restaurant closed down …….. the recession.
9. He found working in France very difficult ……… the language problem.
10. She’s very difficult to understand ……… her accent.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu dùng because of hoặc because
1. Because I studied hard, I passed the exam.
➔ Because of .....................................................................................................................
2. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
➔ Because of .....................................................................................................................
3. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.
➔ Because of .....................................................................................................................
4. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
➔ Because of......................................................................................................................
5. Because there was an accident, I was late.
➔ Because of .....................................................................................................................
6. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn’t go to school.
➔ Because of .....................................................................................................................
7. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.
➔ Because ..........................................................................................................................
8. She only accepted the job because of the high salary.
➔ Because .........................................................................................................................
9. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
➔ Because .........................................................................................................................
10. We couldn’t sleep because the weather was hot.
➔ Because of......................................................................................................................