ALTHOUGH, DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF/ HOWEVER/ NEVERTHELESS

A.  LÝ THUYẾT

1. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ sự tương tác: in spite of/ despite và although

a. Cụm từ chỉ sự tương phản: in spite of/ despite (mặc dù/ bất chấp)

- Chúng ta sử dụng cụm từ in spite of hoặc despite trước một danh từ hoặc một cụm danh từ

In spite of/ despite+ N/ cụm danh từ/ V-ing.

Ví dụ:

Despite/ in spite of being so young/ his young age, he performs excellently

(Mặc dù còn rất trẻ nhưng cậu ấy biển diễn rất xuất sắc)

b. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản: though/ although/even though

Chúng ta sử dụng although/ though (mặc dù) trước một mệnh đề mang nghĩa tương phản đối
lập. 

Although/ Though/ Even though+ S+ V ( mệnh đề)

Ví dụ: 

Although the weather was bad, we had a wonderful holiday

(Mặc dù thời tiết xấu, chúng tôi vẫn có một kì nghỉ hết sức tuyệt vời)

Even though I don’t like her, I try my best to help her

(Mặc dù không thích cô ấy, tôi vẫn cố gắng hết sức để giúp đỡ)

2. Từ chỉ sự tương phản: However/ nevertheless ( tuy nhiên)

However/ Nevertheless, S+ V

- However/ Nevertheless đứng ở giữa mệnh đề được ngăn cách với hai mệnh đề bởi dấu
“,” và dấu “;” hoặc giữa dấu “.”và “,”

Ví dụ:

She is young. However, she is very talented (Cô ấy còn trẻ. Tuy nhiên cô ất rất tài năng)

It rained very hard; nevertheless, I went to school on time (Trời mưa rất to, tuy nhiên, tôi đi
học đúng giờ)
Ngoài ra, để nhất mạnh ý tương phản, đối nghicgh chúng ta có thể sử dụng như một trạng từ
bổ sung cho một tính từ hoặc trạng từ khắc

However + adj+ S + be, mệnh đề

However + adv + S + V, mệnh đề

Ví dụ:

However cold the weather is, I will go out now.

(Dù thời tiết lạnh thế nào đi nữa, tôi vẫn đi ra ngoài)

However quickly he ran, he didn’t go to school on time

(Dù anh ấy chạy nhanh như thế nào đi nữa, anh ấy vẫn không đến trường đúng giờ)
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences, using although, despite/in spite of. Sometimes, two
answers are possible.

1.______ the story of the film was good, I didn’t like the acting.

2.I went to see the film ______ feeling really tired.

3.I really enjoyed the Water War______ most of my friends said it wasn’t a very good film.

4.______ careful preparation, they had a lot of difficulties in making the film.

5.______ the film was gripping, Tom slept from beginning to end.

6. ________________ the difficulties, Sarah managed to solve the problem.

7. My grandfather was very strong ________________ his old age.

8. The children slept deeply ________________ the noise.

9. ________________ the high salary, Mary refused the job offer.

10. ________________ earning a high salary, Sara never wastes her money.

11. I find the film boring________________ many people like it.

12. ________________the bad weather, we went on our school picnic.

13. ________________the congestion, we weren’t late for the meeting.

14. ________________ he’s rich, he is always upset.

15. I couldn’t sleep________________ I was exhausted.

 Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).

1. We adore winter ________ the cold.

A. in spite of

B. although

C. however

2. She went to bed early ________ she didn’t finish her work.

A. despite
B. although

C. however

3. ________ the fact that he is 23 years old, he is so childish.

A. In spite

B. Despite

C. However

4. I go to school by bus every day. ________, I don’t like it much.

A. Despite

B. Although

C. However

5. ________ Jim owns two cars, he rarely drives to work.

A. Despite

B. Although

C. However

6.

The athlete completed the race ________ his pain.

A. despite

B. although

C. nevertheless

7. Jane looks pretty. She, ________, seems to lack personality.

A. despite

B. although

C. nevertheless

8. ________ we have a slim chance to win, we won’t lose hope.

A. Despite

B. Although

C. However

9. ________ of his bad luck, he won the medal.

A. In spite

B. Despite

C. However

10. He is friendly ________ the fact that he’s very famous.

A. despite

B. although

C. however

Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences without changing its meaning.

1. Although there was a traffic jam, he managed to arrive at the train station on time.
(despite)

.........................................................................................................................

2. I don’t want to buy a new computer although I have enough money. (having)

.........................................................................................................................

3. Both of them usually go to school late although they don’t live far away from school.
(spite)

.........................................................................................................................

4. My brother still went to school yesterday although he was sick. (sickness)

.........................................................................................................................

5. Although he looks healthy, he has a weak heart. (looking)

.........................................................................................................................

6. Despite the fact that Louis is not so rich, he often does charity. (although)
.........................................................................................................................

7. In spite of the awful weather, we enjoyed our party last night. (although)

.........................................................................................................................

8. She goes shopping every week although she has many clothes. (having)

.........................................................................................................................

Exercise about Because và Because of 

Ex1:
1. We stopped playing football ………………. the rain.
2. It was all …………………... him that they got into trouble.
3. They had to hurry indoors ………………… it was raining.
4. She is late………………………..…. the traffic.
5. We didn’t arrive until six o’clock ……………………….. the traffic was terrible.
6. He found the exam easy ………………………... he had worked hard during the course.
7. She can’t drive ……………….…….... her illness.
Ex2:
1. Because I studied hard, I passed the exam.
Because of ________________________.

2. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.

Because of _____________________________.

3. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful business man.

Despite ________________________________________________________.

4. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.

Because of ______________________________________.

5. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
Because of _____________________________________________.

6. Because there was an accident, I was late.

Because of _______________________.

7. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn’t go to school.

Because of _________________________________.

8. Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the Tivi.

Because __________________________________________.

9. Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school.

Despite / In spite of ____________________.

10. Although Nam is not an intelligent student, he can learn very fast.
Despite / In spite of ______________________________________.