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CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Định Nghĩa
1. Câu chủ động
Câu chủ động là câu được sử dụng khi chủ thể thực hiện hành động tác động vào người hay vật khác.
Ex: I am making a cake. (Tôi đang làm bánh.)
Chủ thể ở đây là "I" và chủ thể này đang tự thực hiện một hành động là "make a cake".
Công thức chung:
S+V+O
Trong đó:
S: chủ ngữ
V: động từ
O: tân ngữ
2. Câu bị động
Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ thể không thực hiện hành động mà ngược lại bị tác động lên bởi một yếu tố khác.
Ex: The room was cleaned. (Căn phòng đã được dọn sạch.)
Chủ thể ở đây là "the room" không thể tự dọn dẹp được mà phải là được ai đó dọn dẹp.
Công thức chung:
BE + V3/ed
Trong đó:
Be: được chia theo các thì khác nhau.
Bước 5: Nếu có "No" đầu câu thì làm như bình thường, xong đổi sang phủ định
Ex: Nobody visited Lan.
→ Lan wasn’t visited.
III. Cách chuyển bị động dạng câu hỏi
1. Câu hỏi YES/NO
Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.
Ex: Does she prepare a big meal? (Có phải cô ấy chuẩn bị một bữa ăn thịnh soạn?)
→ She prepares a big meal. (Cô ấy chuẩn bị một bữa ăn thịnh soạn.)
Bước 2: Chuyển câu khẳng định sang câu bị động.
Ex: A big meal is prepared by her. (Bữa ăn thịnh soạn được chuẩn bị bởi cô ấy.)
Bước 3: Chuyển câu bị động trên về dạng câu hỏi.
Ex: Is a big meal prepared by her? (Có phải bữa ăn thịnh soạn được chuẩn bị cô ấy?)
5. Câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ: Tân ngữ trực tiếp - chỉ vật, tân ngữ gián tiếp - chỉ người
Đối với câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ, chúng ta sẽ có 2 cách làm. Ngoài ra ta cần thêm các giới từ "to" hoặc "for" trước tân ngữ khi chuyển
sang câu bị động.
Ví dụ 1: My mother gives me a cake.
Trong đó:
Tân ngữ 1 là "me"
Tân ngữ 2 là "a cake"
→ I am given a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is given to me by my mother.
Ví dụ 2: My mother makes me a cake.
→ I am made a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is made for me by my mother.
6. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: S + V + O + V_ing
Trong đó, động từ chính (V) thường là: Keep, remember, find, see….
Ví dụ:
- She kept me waiting.
→ I was kept waiting
- They saw the thief climbing over the wall.
→ The thief was seen climbing over the wall.
7. Câu bị động với [thể nhờ bảo] have/get
Câu chủ động It’s one’s duty to_V (Đó là nhiệm vụ của ai để làm gì)
Câu bị động S + be + supposed + to_V
Ví dụ:
It's your duty to do this work.
→ You are supposed to do this work.
12. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: It's impossible + to do sth
Câu chủ động It’s impossible + to do sth (Không thể làm gì)
Câu bị động S + can’t + be + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
It is impossible to repair that machine.
→ That machine can't be repaired
13. Câu bị động với các động từ: Crowd, fill, cover
Đối với các động từ crowd, fill, cover thì ta dùng "with" thay cho "by"
Ví dụ:
Clouds cover the sky.
→ The sky is covered with clouds.
14. Một số nội động từ vẫn có hình thức bị động. Trong trường hợp này động từ phải đi kèm với giới từ
Ví dụ:
- The Queen slept in this bed.
→ This bed was slept in by the Queen.
- Someone will care for her children while she is away.
→ Her children will be cared for while she is away.
15. Câu bị động với MAKE
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau động từ MAKE là động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong câu bị động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.
Ví dụ:
They made me go.
→ I was made to go.
V. Bài tập
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
6. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce.
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
7. We………………by a loud noise during the night.
A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
8. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy……………………at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
11. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
12. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway.
A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left
13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend.
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D. will have perform
14. All bottles………………………………..before transportation.
A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze
15. ………………………………………..yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where……………..for administration,
broadcasting and education.
A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used
17. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
18. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed
19. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discover
20. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….
A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived
21. The boy…………………….by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished
22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already………………, sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It………………….of cotton.
A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made
24. They had a boy………………….. that yesterday.
A. done B. to do C. did D. do
25. We got our mail ………………..yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
26. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told C. should told D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring …………………. yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making C. made D. make
28. Mr. Wilson is………………... as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. is known D. know
29. References …………………….in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used
30. Laura ………………….in Boston.
A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born
31. His car needs …………………..
A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed
32. Her watch needs …………………..
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
33. My mother is going …………………….. this house.
A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell
34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ………………………..
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
35. Have you………………….. by a dog?
A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
36. The room is being ……………………….at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean
37. It …………………..that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected
38. It is …………………..that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting
39. He was said ……………….. this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed
40. Ted ……………………..by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. America __________ By Columbus in 1492.
A. are discovered B. were discovering C. is discovered D. was discovered
2. Parrots and crows __________ the most intelligent birds.
A. were considering B. are considered C. Considered D. was considered
3. I still can’t believe! My bicycle__________ last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. were stolen D. stole
4. Mary traffic accidents __________ by dangerous driving.
A. cause B. caused C. are caused D. which are caused.
5. Many US automobiles __________ in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. are manufactured C. have manufactured D. are manufacturing
6. Grass __________ by fat cows on the green meadow.
A. are eaten B. was being eaten C. were being eat D. was been eaten
7. So much progress __________ that there may be space-frights to Mars.
A. is being made B. are being made C. will be made D. will being made
8. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and decorating__________ by
computer-control robots.
A. will be doing B. are being done C. would be done D. will be done.
9. English __________ since 2002.
A. have been learned B. has been learnt C. has to learn D. have to learn
10. Your bill should __________ before you leave the hotel.
A. be paid B. is paid C. are paid D. was paid
Exercise 3: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
18. Are you going to repair those shoes?
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
Exercise 5: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. They will finish their work next week
2. The fire has caused considerable damage
3. The police were following the suspects
4. We're going to give David a pig surprise
5. I think Alfred Nobel invented dynamite
6. Your hair is long, you ought to get it cut
7. Keep silent
8. Open your book
9. They made him work all day
10. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route