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Câu bị Động đặc biệt
Câu bị Động đặc biệt
Câu chủ động là câu được sử dụng khi chủ thể thực hiện hành động tác động vào
người hay vật khác.
Ex: I am making a cake. (Tôi đang làm bánh.)
Chủ thể ở đây là "I" và chủ thể này đang tự thực hiện một hành động là "make a cake".
Công thức chung:
S+V+O
Trong đó:
S: chủ ngữ
V: động từ
O: tân ngữ
2. Câu bị động
Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ thể không thực hiện hành động mà ngược lại bị tác
động lên bởi một yếu tố khác.
Ex: The room was cleaned. (Căn phòng đã được dọn sạch.)
Chủ thể ở đây là "the room" không thể tự dọn dẹp được mà phải là được ai đó dọn
dẹp.
Công thức chung:
BE + V3/ed
Trong đó:
Be: được chia theo các thì khác nhau.
Lưu ý:
• Không dùng "By + tân ngữ" nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có tính mơ hồ, chung chung
(people, something, someone, they, he, she).
• Riêng các đại từ: I, you, he... thì tùy theo câu, nếu thấy không cần thiết thì có thể bỏ.
Ex: They mended this street.
→ This street was mended.
Bước 4: Vị trí của trạng ngữ trong câu bị động
Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến là: say/ think/ believe/ report/ consider...
Chủ động People/ they + say/think/believe... + (that) + S + V
Cách 1: It is/was said…….. that + S + V
Bị động to_V + O (cùng thì)
Cách 2: S + am/is/are/was/were + said +
to have + V3/ed + O (trước thì)
Ex: - People said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì 2 mệnh đề "People said" và "he was nice to his friends" cùng thì quá khứ
nên ta sẽ có đáp án là:
->He was said to be nice to his friends.
- People said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì mệnh đề "He had been nice to his friends" trước thì mệnh đề "he was nice to
his friends" (said là thì quá khứ đơn nhưng had been là quá khứ hoàn thành) nên ta sẽ
có đáp án là:
->He was said to have been nice to his friends.
3. Câu bị động với các động từ tri giác
Các động từ chỉ tri giác là: see, hear, notice, feel...
• Trong câu chủ động, theo sau các động từ này động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong câu bị
động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.
Ex: We heard him go out last night.
→ He was heard to go out last night.
• Trong câu chủ động, theo sau các động từ này V_ing thì trong câu bị động sẽ giữ nguyên
V_ing.
Ex: I saw him playing football.
→ He was seen playing football.
4. Câu bị động với động từ "Let"
• Động từ "Let" (let somebody do something) trong câu chủ động thường được chuyển thành
"BE ALLOWED TO_V" trong câu bị động.
Ex: The teacher let Bill go home early.
→ Bill was allowed to go home early.
• Khi động từ nguyên mẫu sau "LET" có thêm một tân ngữ và cùng đối tượng với chủ ngữ,
thành phần "CHỦ NGỮ + LET" vẫn giữ nguyên, chỉ chuyển đổi phần sau.
Ex: - He let her cheat him.
→ He let himself be cheated.
- Don’t let the others see you.
→ Don’t let yourself be seen.
• Câu mệnh lệnh
Khẳng định: Let + O + be + V3/ed
Phủ định: Let + O + not + be + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
- Write your name here.
→ Let your name be written here.
- Don’t insult the weak.
→ Let the weak not be insulted.
5. Câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ: Tân ngữ trực tiếp - chỉ vật, tân ngữ gián tiếp - chỉ người
Đối với câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ, chúng ta sẽ có 2 cách làm. Ngoài ra ta cần thêm các
giới từ "to" hoặc "for" trước tân ngữ khi chuyển sang câu bị động.
Ví dụ 1: My mother gives me a cake.
Trong đó:
Tân ngữ 1 là "me"
Tân ngữ 2 là "a cake"
→ I am given a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is given to me by my mother.
Ví dụ 2: My mother makes me a cake.
→ I am made a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is made for me by my mother.
6. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: S + V + O + V_ing
Trong đó, động từ chính (V) thường là: Keep, remember, find, see….
Ví dụ:
- She kept me waiting.
→ I was kept waiting
- They saw the thief climbing over the wall.
→ The thief was seen climbing over the wall.
7. Câu bị động với [thể nhờ bảo] have/get
Các gerund theo sau một số động từ như advise, suggest, recommend... được thay
bằng "should be V3/ed" trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:
They advised employing part time workers
→ They advised that part time workers should be employed
11. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: It's one's duty to V_inf
Câu chủ động It’s one’s duty to_V (Đó là nhiệm vụ của ai để làm gì)
Câu bị động S + be + supposed + to_V
Ví dụ:
It's your duty to do this work.
→ You are supposed to do this work.
12. Câu bị động với cấu trúc: It's impossible + to do sth
Câu chủ động It’s impossible + to do sth (Không thể làm gì)
Câu bị động S + can’t + be + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
It is impossible to repair that machine.
→ That machine can't be repaired
13. Câu bị động với các động từ: Crowd, fill, cover
Đối với các động từ crowd, fill, cover thì ta dùng "with" thay cho "by"
Ví dụ:
Clouds cover the sky.
→ The sky is covered with clouds.
14. Một số nội động từ vẫn có hình thức bị động. Trong trường hợp này động từ phải đi kèm với
giới từ
Ví dụ:
- The Queen slept in this bed.
→ This bed was slept in by the Queen.
- Someone will care for her children while she is away.
→ Her children will be cared for while she is away.
15. Câu bị động với MAKE
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau động từ MAKE là động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong
câu bị động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.
Ví dụ:
They made me go.
→ I was made to go.
V. Bài tập
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are
manufacturing
6. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce.
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
7. We………………by a loud noise during the night.
A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
8. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy……………………at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
11. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
12. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway.
A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not
have left
13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend.
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D.
will have perform
14. All bottles………………………………..before transportation.
A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze
15. ………………………………………..yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the
letters typed D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where……………..for administration, broadcasting and education.
A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used
17. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
18. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed
19. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they
discover
20. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….
A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived C. had finished-were
arriving D. have been finished- were arrived
21. The boy…………………….by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished
22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already………………,
sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It………………….of cotton.
A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made
24. They had a boy………………….. that yesterday.
A. done B. to do C. did D. do
25. We got our mail ………………..yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
26. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told C. should told D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring …………………. yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making C. made D. make
28. Mr. Wilson is………………... as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. is known D. know
29. References …………………….in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used
30. Laura ………………….in Boston.
A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born
31. His car needs …………………..
A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed
32. Her watch needs …………………..
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
33. My mother is going …………………….. this house.
A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell
34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ………………………..
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
35. Have you………………….. by a dog?
A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
36. The room is being ……………………….at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean
37. It …………………..that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected
38. It is …………………..that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting
39. He was said ……………….. this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed
40. Ted ……………………..by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. America __________ By Columbus in 1492.
A. are discovered B. were discovering C. is discovered D. was discovered
2. Parrots and crows __________ the most intelligent birds.
A. were considering B. are considered C. Considered D. was considered
3. I still can’t believe! My bicycle__________ last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. were stolen D. stole
4. Mary traffic accidents __________ by dangerous driving.
A. cause B. caused C. are caused D. which are caused.
5. Many US automobiles __________ in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. are manufactured C. have manufactured D. are
manufacturing
6. Grass __________ by fat cows on the green meadow.
A. are eaten B. was being eaten C. were being eat D. was been eaten
7. So much progress __________ that there may be space-frights to Mars.
A. is being made B. are being made C. will be made D. will being made
8. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs
like cleaning and decorating__________ by computer-control robots.
A. will be doing B. are being done C. would be done D. will be done.
9. English __________ since 2002.
A. have been learned B. has been learnt C. has to learn D. have to learn
10. Your bill should __________ before you leave the hotel.
A. be paid B. is paid C. are paid D. was paid
Exercise 3: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
This flower is watered by my father every morning
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
Fiona was invited by John to his birthday party last night
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
The dinner is being prepared in the kitchen by her mother
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
The English grammar has been explained by our teachers
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
The accident was caused in this city by some drunk drivers
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
His parents will be visited by Tom next month
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
The secretary wasn't phoned the manager this morning
9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary ?
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
These old pictures won't be hung in the living room
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
This factory wasn't built by the German during the Second World War
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
This house and these cars are going to be painted by the Greens for Christmas Day
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
The cats had been fed by Ann before she went to the cinema
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
The pollution problems haven't been discussed by the students since last week
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
Has the most valuable painting in the national museum been stolen by the thieves?
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
The new president will be interviewed on TV
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
How many languages are spoken in Canada ?
18. Are you going to repair those shoes ?
Are those shoes going to be repaired ?
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
His nose has been broken in a football match
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
Have the above sentences been finished ?
Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
The dish is brought to me by the waiter
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
These postcards are sent to us by our friends
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
This story was told to them by their grandmother when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
The special cameras weren’t showed to me
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
Her ticket was showed to the airline agent by her
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
His new shoes are lent to his friend by him
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
Five million pounds were left to her relavives by her
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
These boxes were handed to the customer by the shop assistant
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family ?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
Alice secretary was appointed for the meeting by the committee
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
The broken cup is hidden in the drawer by him
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
This room is kept tidy all the time
15. They all voted the party a great success.
The party is all voted a great success
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
Ann was given some bananas and some flowers by us
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
The fridge was moved into the living room
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
Some cups of tea were bought to the visitors in the next room
19. They find the new project worthless.
The new project is found worthless
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
The note wasn’t taken to the manager by the secretary
Exercise 5: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1. They will finish their work next week
Their work will be finished next week
2. The fire has caused considerable damage
Considerable damege has been caused by the fire
3. The police were following the suspects
The suspects were being followed by the police
4. We're going to give David a pig surprise
David is going to given a pig surprise
5. I think Alfred Nobel invented dynamite
I think dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel
6. Your hair is long, you ought to get it cut
Your hair is long, it ought to be cut
7. Keep silent
Let your room be silent
8. Open your book
Let your book be opened
9. They made him work all day
He was made to work all day
10. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route
Drivers are advised to use an alternative route by police