STRUCTURAL COMPUTATION

OF

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Owner

Prepared by:

Civil Engineer

PRC Reg. No.

PTR No.
Date Issued
Place Issued
TIN

Page 1 of 9
 PROPOSED TWO-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
0
0

DESIGN OF SLABS
A. DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB (S-1)
Direct Design Method
Design Specifications
L1 = 2.60 m column size = 0.15m x 0.40m a1 = 1 (short direction)
L2 = 4.40 m beam size = 0.15m x 0.40m a2 = 1.25 (long direction)
Fy = 275 Mpa f'c = 20.7 Mpa cc = 25 mm

Considering the interior slab

1 Relative a values
a1 x L2/L1 = 1.69 am = 2x(a1 + a2)/4 = 1.22
a2 x L1/L2 = 0.74

2 Slab thickness, t
t = Ln (800 + 0.73Fy) = 98.58 mm
36,000 + 5000b [am - 0.12(1 + 1/b)]

where: Ln = L2 - column width = 4.40 m

Ln = L1 - column width = 2.60 m
b = (Ln long/Ln short) direction clear span ratio = 1.69

It should not be less than

tmin = Ln (800 + 0.73Fy) = 85.95 mm
36000 + 9000b

It should not be more than

tmax = Ln (800 + 0.73Fy) = 122.31 mm
36000

Try t = 125 mm for all two way slabs

3 Design moments
Dead Load = W slab + W ceiling+finish = 7.03 Kpa L1 = 2.6 m
Live Load = 2.4 Kpa L2 = 4.4 m
f = 0.9

Wu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL (consider 1-m strip) = 13.92 Kpa

Long Span:
Mu = Wu L1 Ln22/8 = 87.60 KN m; Mn = Mu/f = 97.33 KN m

Page 2 of 9
Distribution of Mn between section of positive and negative moment
at midspan: +Mms = 0.35 Mn = 34.07 KN m
at support: -Ms = 0.65 Mn = -63.26 KN m

Percentage of moment at support

Column strip:
a2 = 1.25 L1/L2 = 0.59 a2L1/L2 = 0.74
By interpolation:
L1/L2 a2L1/L2
0.5 90 x x = 2.73 %
0.59 ? %M = 87.27 %
1 75

Code assigns 85% of the column strip moment to the beam

Column strip negative Mn = -55.21 KN m
Beam negative Mn = -46.93 KN m
Slab negative Mn = -8.28 KN m = -4.14 KN m /half strip
Column strip positive Mn = 29.73 KN m
Beam positive Mn = 25.27 KN m
Slab positive Mn = 4.46 KN m = 2.23 KN m /half strip

Middle strip (takes the remaining moment)

Middle strip negative Mn = -8.05 KN m
Middle strip positive Mn = 4.34 KN m

Short Span:
Mu = Wu L2 Ln12/8 = 51.76 KN m; Mn = Mu/f = 57.51 KN m

Distribution of Mn between section of positive and negative moment

at midspan: +Mms = 0.35 Mn = 20.13 KN m
at support: -Ms = 0.65 Mn = -37.38 KN m

Percentage of moment at support

Column strip:
a1 = 1 a1L2/L1 = 1.69
L2/L1 = 1.69

By interpolation:
L2/L1 a1L2/L1
1 75 x x = 20.77 %
1.69 ? %M = 54.23 %
2 45
Code assigns 85% of the column strip moment to the beam
Column strip negative Mn = -20.27 KN m
Beam negative Mn = -17.23 KN m
Slab negative Mn = -3.04 KN m = -1.52 KN m /half strip

Page 3 of 9
 Column strip positive Mn = 10.92 KN m
Beam positive Mn = 9.28 KN m
Slab positive Mn = 1.64 KN m = 0.82 KN m /half strip

Middle strip (takes the remaining moment)

Middle strip negative Mn = -17.11 KN m
Middle strip positive Mn = 9.21 KN m

Fy 275 Mpa LONG SPAN SHORT SPAN

-M +M -M +M
Slab thickness, t (mm) 125 125
Steel reinforcement f (mm) 10 10
Middle Strips
Strip Width, b (mm) 1000 1000
Mn (KN m) 97.33 57.51
Mn (KN m) -8.05 4.34 -17.11 9.21
d (mm) 100 100 100 75
As = [Mn(106)]/[Fy(0.95d)] (mm2) 308.21 165.96 654.94 470.21
Min As = 0.002bt (mm2) 250 250 250 250
Spacing, S = Af b /As (mm) 254.83 314.16 119.92 167.03
Max S = 2t (mm) 250 250 250 250
Column Strips
Strip Width, b (mm) 1000 1000
Mn (KN m) 97.33 57.51
Mn (KN m) -4.14 2.23 -1.52 0.82
d (mm) 100 100 100 75
As = [Mn(106)]/[Fy(0.95d)] (mm2) 158.51 85.35 58.20 41.79
Min As = 0.002bt (mm2) 250 250 250 250
Spacing, S = Af b /As (mm) 314.16 314.16 314.16 314.16
Max S = 2t (mm) 250 250 250 250
Adopted Spacing, S (mm)
Middle Strips (10mm bars) 200 200
Column Strips (10mm bars) 200 200

DESIGN OF BEAMS
A. FLOOR BEAM, FB1
1 Design loads
TA = 16.12 m2 Slab Thickness = 125 mm
Beam size: b = 0.15 m Beam span L = 4.4 m
h= 0.40 m LL = 4800 Pa
d= 0.39 m
Dead loads:

WDL = 7.03 KN = 1.60 KN/m

Live loads: WLL = 2.4 KN = 0.55 KN/m
Wu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 3.16 KN/m

Page 4 of 9
2 Design Moments
Assuming fully restrained beam
Max. +Moment = WuL2/24 = 2.55 KN m
Max. -Moment = -WuL2/12 = -5.10 KN m
Max. Shear = WuL/2 = 6.96 KN
3 Reinforcement Design
At Support (Negative Moment)
Mu = -5.10 KN m f'c = 20.7 Mpa
Mn = Mu/0.90 = 5.67 KN m Fy = 275 Mpa
AǾ = 201.06 mm2
r = rmax = 0.75rbal
rbal = [0.85f'c b/Fy][600+(600+Fy)] = 0.037
rmax = 0.75rbal = 0.028
use r = 0.3rbal = 0.011
As1 = rbd = 650.28 mm2
a = As1Fy/(0.85f'cb) = 67.76 mm
M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = 63.24 KN m > 5.10 KN m
Treat as singly reinforced beam
No. of bars required (use 16 mmÆ)
n = As/AǾ = 3.2 say 4 pcs
Reinforcement:
4 pcs - 16mmǾ (Top bar)
2 pcs - 16mmǾ (Bottom bar)

At Midspan (Positive Moment)

Mu = 2.55 KN/m f'c = 20.7 Mpa
Mn = Mu/0.90 = 2.84 KN/m Fy = 275 Mpa
AǾ = 201.06 mm2
r = rmax = 0.75rbal
rbal = [0.85f'c b/Fy][600+(600+Fy)] = 0.037
rmax = 0.75rbal = 0.028
use r = 0.15rbal = 0.006
As1 = rbd = 325.14 mm2
a = As1Fy/(0.85f'cb) = 33.88 mm
M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = 33.13 KN m > 2.55 KN m
Treat as singly reinforced beam
No. of bars required (use 16 mmÆ)
n = As/AǾ = 1.6 say 2 pcs
Reinforcement:
2 pcs - 16mmǾ (Top bar)
4 pcs - 16mmǾ (Bottom bar)

Page 5 of 9
 4 Stirrup
Vu = 6.96 KN Vcr = Vu - Wu d = 5.73 KN
Shear capacity of beam
Vc = √(f'c)bd/6 = 44.08 KN
Vn = fVc/2 = 18.73 KN < 5.73
Stirrup is needed
Vs = Vcr/f - Vn = -11.99 KN
Using 10mmǾ AǾ = 78.54 mm2
Spacing S = AǾFyd/Vs = -1396.64 mm
Max S = d/2 = 193.75 mm
Use 10mmǾ stirrups spaced @: 3 @ 50mm; 2 @ 100mm; 2 rest @ 150mm

B. FLOOR BEAM, FB2

1 Design loads
TA = 8.06 m2 Slab Thickness = 125 mm
Beam size: b = 0.15 m Beam span L = 4.4 m
h= 0.40 m LL = 4800 Pa
d= 0.39 m
Dead loads: W slab = 23.72 KN
W c+f = 5.8032 KN
W beam = 6.21
WDL = 35.73 KN = 8.12 KN/m
Live loads: WLL = 38.688 KN = 8.79 KN/m
Wu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 26.32 KN/m

2 Design Moments
Assuming fully restrained beam
Max. +Moment = WuL2/24 = 21.23 KN m
Max. -Moment = -WuL2/12 = -42.46 KN m
Max. Shear = WuL/2 = 57.90 KN
3 Reinforcement Design
At Support (Negative Moment)
Mu = -42.46 KN m f'c = 20.7 Mpa
Mn = Mu/0.90 = 47.18 KN m Fy = 275 Mpa
AǾ = 201.06 mm2
r = rmax = 0.75rbal
rbal = [0.85f'c b/Fy][600+(600+Fy)] = 0.037
rmax = 0.75rbal = 0.028
use r = 0.25rbal = 0.009
As1 = rbd = 541.90 mm2
a = As1Fy/(0.85f'cb) = 56.46 mm
M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = 53.54 KN m > 42.46 KN m
Treat as singly reinforced beam
No. of bars required (use 16 mmÆ)
n = As/AǾ = 2.7 say 3 pcs

Page 6 of 9
 Reinforcement:
3 pcs - 16mmǾ (Top bar)
2 pcs - 16mmǾ (Bottom bar)

At Midspan (Positive Moment)

Mu = 21.23 KN/m f'c = 20.7 Mpa
Mn = Mu/0.90 = 23.59 KN/m Fy = 275 Mpa
AǾ = 201.06 mm2
r = rmax = 0.75rbal
rbal = [0.85f'c b/Fy][600+(600+Fy)] = 0.037
rmax = 0.75rbal = 0.028
use r = 0.2rbal = 0.007
As1 = rbd = 433.52 mm2
a = As1Fy/(0.85f'cb) = 45.17 mm
M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = 43.50 KN m > 21.23 KN m
Treat as singly reinforced beam
No. of bars required (use 16 mmÆ)
n = As/AǾ = 2.2 say 3 pcs
Reinforcement:
2 pcs - 16mmǾ (Top bar)
3 pcs - 16mmǾ (Bottom bar)

4 Stirrup
Vu = 57.90 KN Vcr = Vu - Wu d = 47.70 KN
Shear capacity of beam
Vc = √(f'c)bd/6 = 44.08 KN
Vn = fVc/2 = 18.73 KN < 47.70
Stirrup is needed
Vs = Vcr/f - Vn = 37.39 KN
Using 10mmǾ AǾ = 78.54 mm2
Spacing S = AǾFyd/Vs = 447.72 mm
Max S = d/2 = 193.75 mm
Use 10mmǾ stirrups spaced @: 3 @ 50mm; 2 @ 100mm; rest @ 150mm o.c.

DESIGN OF COLUMNS
A. EXTERIOR COLUMNS (C1)
Trial Section
b = 150 mm Ag = 60000 mm2
h = 400 mm Ast = 678.58401 mm2
Ǿbar = 12 mm Ǿtie = 10 mm
n = 6 pcs

Design Specifications
f'c = 20.7 MPa ǿ = 0.7
Fy = 275 MPa β = 0.85

Page 7 of 9
 1 Axial loads
PDL = 3.52 kN PLL = 1.20 kN
Pu = (1.4DL + 1.7LL)x1.5 = 10.44 kN (for one side only)
PuTotal = Pu x no. of sides x no. of floors = 62.65 kN

2 Check capacity of column

Puall = ǿ 0.80 [ 0.85f'c (Ag - Ast) + FyAst ]
Puall = 689.01 kN
since: Puall > Pu then: The column section is safe!

3 Check steel ratio

ρact = Ast/Ag = 0.011
ρmax = 0.85f'cβ (600) = 0.037
Fy (600 + Fy)
ρmin = 1.4/Fy = 0.005
0.005 0.011 0.037
since: ρmin < ρact < ρmax then: The steel ratio is safe!

4 Lateral ties
s = 16 (Ǿbar) = 192 mm
s = 48 (Ǿtie) = 480 mm
s = least dimension = 150 mm
Thus: Use 6 - 12mm dia bar with 10mm dia lateral ties @ 200mm o.c.

DESIGN OF FOOTING
A. EXTERIOR FOOTING (F1)
Design Specifications
f'c = 20.7 MPa H = 600 mm
Fy = 275 MPa h = 300 mm
Ǿbar = 16 mm qall = 190 kPa (assume)
σconc = 23.5 kN/m 3
σsoil = 15.7 kN/m 3
(assume)
colb = 150 mm cc = 100 mm
colh = 400 mm ǿ = 0.85

1 Service loads
PT = PDL + PLL = 28.29 kN

2 Base dimensions
qnet = qall - [ hσconc + Hσsoil ] = 173.53 kPa
Areqd = PT / qnet = 0.16 m2
B2 = Areqd B = 0.40 m
Trial section:
B = 1.2 m Aact = 1.44 m2

Page 8 of 9
3 Soil pressure due to factored loads
PU = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 41.77 kN
qu = PU / Aact = 29.00 kPa

4 Check punching shear

d = h - cc = 200 mm
b = colb + d = 350 mm
c = colh + d = 600 mm
bo = [2b + 2c] = 1900 mm2
Vu = PU - qu x b x c = 35.68 kN

ǿVc = 0.33ǿ bo d √f'c = 484.96 kN

since: ǿVc > Vu → SAFE

5 Check beam shear

x1 = (B - colb - 2d)/2 = 0.325 m
Vu = qu B x1 = 11.31 kN

ǿVc = 0.17ǿ B d √f'c = 157.78 kN

since: ǿVc > Vu → SAFE

6 Design of reinforcement
x2 = (B - colb)/2 = 0.525 m
Mu = qu B x2 /22
= 4.7965641 kN m
Mu = ǿf'c Bd2 ω (1-0.59ω)
ω2 - 1.69ω + 0.00909 = 0
ω = = 0.005
ρ = ωf'c/Fy = 0.000

ρmin = 1.4/Fy = 0.005

use ρ = = 0.005
As = ρ Bd = 1221.82 mm2

n = Ast/AǾ = 6.08
say 7 pcs
Thus: Use 7 16mm dia bar on both sides of footing.

Page 9 of 9