CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND SCOPE

Rationale

In today’s modern times, computer technology has become a

vital part of our life. It helps us to have an easier life. In this competing

world, the students should have to learn a lot when it comes to

education. In fact, a teacher cannot teach everything that’s why in

facing the big challenge in life, students take up extra learning which

can be done through computers. Personal reasons or recreational

activities like listening music, watching movies or video, chatting

browsing, playing games and etc. can be done through computers. The

work of the students become easier in searching information they want

to learn. However, technology also have a negative impacts on

students learning because it only deviates their minds to unnecessary

regions and wastes their time that can be used for doing their home

works or studying. This would take their concentration away from their

daily studies and lectures. Computer has other issues too with

pornography and games just a click button away. Addiction to these

corruptions would directly affect their education.

As time passes by, technology continues to evolve because of

these, new things were created that sustains and lightens human

works. Almost all the things around as were made by computers with

the aid of modern machines. Along with the evolution of technology,

computers continue to upgrade as well until the time that computer

has now become a part of man’s everyday life that are based to

computers. It’s like an all-in-one gadget that can do all the things you

want anytime you need it.

Computer technology can have a large impact on students’

mental and physical health. Being overly connected can cause

psychological issues such as distraction, narcissism, expectation of

instant gratification, and even depression. Besides affecting student's

mental health, use of technology can also have negative repercussions

on physical health causing vision problems, hearing loss, neck strain

and sitting too much. Some student in Gothong experiences the

psychological issues of computer technology such as distraction.

Distraction affects the students study habits. The students could not

concentrate in school. There are also some students that experience

depression and mood disorders

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study assessed the Effects of using Computer on the

Academic Performance of Grade 12 ABM Students.

Specifically, it answered the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

1.1 gender,
 1.2 age and,

1.3 final Grade during First Semester SY 2018-2019

2. What are the effects of using computer to students?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the effect of using

computer and academic performance?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. It helps the students to be aware on the effects of using

computer and in order for them to minimize their usage.

Teachers. It helps the teachers to discipline their students in using

computer.

School. This could benefit them by gaining information about the

students’ performance in school.

Future Researchers. This study would help them as their guide in

gathering new information and will develop their research study.

Scope and Delimitation

The general purpose of this study is to determine the

effects of computer to Grade 12-ABM students’ academic performance

in school. The scope of the study focuses only to the students in the

ABM track and delimits the study inside the school campus only. The

study will be conducted in Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial

National High School. Out of 100 students, there were students were

chosen as the respondents to answer the following research questions.

Definition of Terms

To understand and clarify the terms used in the study, it was

defined theoretically and operationally:

Academic Performance. It is the act of performing of doing

something successfully using knowledge as distinguished from merely

possessing it. It refers to the status of the students in their

performance in school.

Computer. It is an electronic machine that can be use in many ways.A

machine that affects the academic performance of the students

depending on how they used it.

Effect. A change which is a result or consequence of an action or

other cause. The advantages and disadvantages of using computer

technology.

Important. A great significance or value. A great significance or value

of using computer technology on the academic performance of the

students

Play. To do something or activities for fun and enjoyment. An action

done by the students in using computer technology.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Sana, Weston & Cepeda (2013) stated that “Computers can

produce a negative externality on neighboring students’ concentration.

While daydreaming students do not bother other students, students

who have their screens up and are visibly active on social networks

generate temptations for neighboring students, thus decreasing their

level of attention in class. Research has shown that students who are

distracted on their own computers tend to also reduce the attention in

class of their neighbors.” In using computer, it cannot be denied that it

has its advantage and disadvantage at the same time. Actually, it

depends on the person on what purpose are they using computer for.

Likewise, Mueller stated that “Researchers have also studied the

impact of note-taking on computers (without distractions), with the

traditional paper note-taking method. Note-taking on computers

enables students to write faster than writing on paper. This could have

a positive impact on learning, but research actually suggests that

writing on paper forces students to think about the information they

are receiving in order to synthesize concepts. This traditional note-

taking method therefore forces students to think about content more.

However, the student who takes notes on a computer is more able to

type every word. Students who type on computers therefore tend to be

more passive note-takers, reducing the quality of learning. Students

who take notes on computers instead of paper tend to give lower-

quality answers to questions asking to apply the concepts covered in

class.” Using computer are used not just in playing games or just for

leisure tasks but also used in note taking. Yet, note-taking in computers

shows those students were more focused on using the computer itself
but not for the content itself that’s why they were more passive when

they used computers in note taking.

Kay, R. & Lauricella, S. (2014) also stated that “the benefits of

using laptops in class were active note taking, particularly when

instructors provided materials ahead of time, searching for academic

resources, use of subject-specific software, communicating and sharing

information with peers, and engaging with online interactive tools.

Challenges of using laptops inside the class included surfing the web

for personal reasons, social networking with peers and, to a lesser

extent, entertainment in the form of watching video podcasts or

playing games. Benefits were reported far more often than challenges

inside the classroom. Benefits of using laptops outside of class

included collaboration with peers, increased productivity, and

conducting research.” Using computer technology in school has a

negative and positive effect to its user. The use of computer can be

personal or for study purposes, by taking notes of what you have

discuss you can use the computer.

Related Studies

LOCAL

INTERNATIONAL

According to James A Kulik, Robert L Bangert, George W Williams,

Computer-based instruction also had smaller, positive effects on scores

on follow-up examinations given to students several months after the

completion of instruction. In addition, students who were taught on

computers developed positive attitudes toward the computer and

toward the courses they were taking. The computer reduced

substantially the amount of time that students needed for learning.

Students who take notes on computers are often distracted by

other activities they can easily engage in through their computers,

such as surfing on the internet or using social media (e.g. Maxwell,

2007). The use of computers can reduce students’ attention in class

because of two cognitive biases: a present bias and an optimism bias.

David Laibson, an economics professor at Harvard University who

specializes in behavioral economics, explains how the present bias

works: students often come to class with the best intentions regarding

their concentration during class. But once they are sitting in their seats

in front of their computers, they can prefer the immediate satisfaction

of an easy distraction offered on their computer screens thanks to their

internet connections. Time goes by, and students end-up having

missed a significant part of the lecture. Students, however, may think

that this is not much of a problem, because they believe that they will

be able to catch-up the parts they missed later on (optimism bias). The

use of computers in class can therefore encourage students to

procrastinate, and reduces the efficiency of the time they spend in

class.
Hypotheses of the study

The researchers came up with these hypotheses:

HO1: There is no significant relationship between the effect of

computers and academic performance.

HO2: There is a significant relationship between the effect of

computers on the academic performance.

Theoretical Framework

Students who take notes on computers are often distracted by

other activities they can easily engage in through their computers,

such as surfing on the internet or using social media (e.g. Maxwell,

2007). The use of computers can reduce students’ attention in class

because of two cognitive biases: a present bias and an optimism bias.

David Laibson, an economics professor at Harvard University who

specializes in behavioral economics, explains how the present bias

works: students often come to class with the best intentions regarding

their concentration during class. But once they are sitting in their seats

in front of their computers, they can prefer the immediate satisfaction

of an easy distraction offered on their computer screens thanks to their

internet connections. Time goes by, and students end-up having

missed a significant part of the lecture. Students, however, may think

that this is not much of a problem, because they believe that they will
be able to catch-up the parts they missed later on (optimism bias). The

use of computers in class can therefore encourage students to

procrastinate, and reduces the efficiency of the time they spend in

class.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research respondents,

research environment, research instruments, administration of test

instruments, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

This study used a correlational type of research to identify the

significant relationship between the effects of computer to the

academic performance of the student. It used a correlational survey

method to assess socio-economic profile such as gender, age, number

of hours in using computer, academic performance (1 st semester final

average grade and the effects of computer to the academic

performance of the students. Correlational research is a type of non-

experimental research method, in which a researcher measures two

variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship

between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.

Research Environment

The study was conducted at Cebu City Don A. Gothong Memorial

National High School since the following respondents are mostly found

in this place which is the Grade 12 ABM students. It is located in C.

Padilla St. Cebu City.

Figure 1. Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High

School

Research Respondents

The researchers considered the Grade 12-ABM students as the

respondents in the study. They were chosen as their respondents

because their experience will be the key in answering the given

questions made by the researchers. Out of 84 population of students,

we only choose 69 ABM students that will serve as our respondents in

gathering data information. A convenience sampling method which is

under non-probability sampling technique that involves the sample

being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand.
Research Instruments

Survey questionnaires were used in gathering data in the study.

The questionnaire has two parts. The first part is the profiling of the

students which includes their age and gender, hour spent in using

computer and the academic performance (1st semester final average

grade). The second part is the frequency in using computer and the

student’s use computers for.

The instrument was structured in the modified Likert fashion, on

a 5 – point scale, ranging from, through “strongly agree” (SD), “agree”

(A), “neutral” (N), “strongly disagree” (SD) and “disagree” (D). Subjects

were then instructed to respond to their degree of agreement with the

statements contained in the instrument.

Data Gathering Procedures

Prior to approval to conduct the study, a letter of request was

submitted to the principal of CCDCAGMNHS and the informants stating

the purpose of the study and its benefits. After submitted the said

letter, the researchers administered the survey questions to the

respondents after giving them some background information of what

are our intentions and what is the study all about. Confidentially was

also ensured to provide informants a feeling of trust and confidence.

 After the informants consisted to be surveyed, an appointment

was made. All answers that are gathered from the respondents were

noted and recorded. The researcher used open-ended survey questions

to acquire useful and relevant information for the study.

Data that were collected and gathered were immediately process, big

reviewing, classifying and coding. Furthermore, it was grouped by

themes and patterns, and analyzed to find out answer to the specific

questions of the study.

Statistical Treatment Of Data

As the data will be gathered it will subjected the following

statistical treatment:

1. To compute the respondents profile with regards of gender,

and age the formula will be use is:

Percentage (%)=f/n x 100

Where:

f= number of respondents (frequency)

n=total number of respondent

2. Weighted Mean. According to (Cristobal, 2017) weighted mean refers

to the set of data taken from the average of the population.

Formula: WM= Ʃfx/N

 Where: WM- weighted mean

Ʃfx- sum of products of the frequency with weights

N- Sample size

2. To compute the level of customers behaviour and satisfaction

by given services in convenience store, the formula will be

use is:

Weighted mean= ∑fx/N

Where:

∑fx/N= sum of products of the frequency with weights

N= sample size

3. The relationship between the effects of computer to the

academic performance of the student, the formula will be use

is:
 SEX AGE
Categories Frequency % Category Frequency %
(N) (N)
Female 15-18
Male 19-22
23-25

Total 69 100% Total 69 100%

Number of hours Frequency (N) %

spent in using
computer

1-2
3-4
5 and above

Total 69 100%

Academic Frequency (N) %

Performance(1st

semester final

average grade)
90-100

(Outstanding)
85-89 (Very
STATEMENTS S A N D S
Satisfactory) A D
80-84 I neglect household chores to spend more
time online.
Using computer makes me understand more
(Satisfactory)
easily of what I’m learning.
75-79 Computer (Fairly
enables me to work better with
other students on tasks.
Satisfactory)
My grades or school works suffer because of
the amount
75 and below of time I spend online.
(Did
It will help me understand the subject
material more deeply.
Not Meet
Other people in my life complain about the
amount of time I spend online.
Expectation)
I fear that life without the internet would be
boring, empty, and joyless.
It will help me get better results in my
subjects.
I tried to cut down the amount of time I
spend online and I fail.
I lack sleep due to late-night log-ins.
It motivates me to explore many topics I may
not have seen before.
I often play the computer.
I engage in academic discussions on social
media and this has improved my academic
performance.
Hours spent online can never be compared to
the number of hours I spend reading.
It will improve my career or employment
prospects in the long term.
Computer improves the atmosphere in class
(e.g. students are more engaged, there is
less disruption)