* One shot *

- -

chemistrye
I . Solid state

Neswndignaf comffeete.se?anpters
*

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INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9
 * L solid state *
.

Isomorphism
structure said to be
-

Two or more
substances Having same
oyster are

Isomorphous
atomic kabobs
-

chemical compositeon some

e.gi Na F /
-

Mgo
polymorphism
that exists in two or more forms
single substances
-

cog calcite / aragonite

↳ forms of calcium carbonate .

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INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9
 crystalstructure
ordered three dimensional arrangement ofparticles on a

↳
-

The

crystal .

lattice
1-
Described by Basis
crystal lattice Basis
-
small piece of substance
that has
-
lattice
isgeommetm.cat
of
particles attach .

many sides arrangement points to each lathe

and formed when the in 3-D periodic array .

points .

substances turned into a

solid

unit cell
Trhesmallest structural unit of crystalline solid is called
repeating
unit cell
-
.

each unit cub attached to

#Fages aibicostdimension
dips ,r→Angk
\ corners

Types of unit
#
cell

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INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9
cryptosystems
⑨ we can
arrange particles in 14 -

way .

we create 14 lattices
-

can -

Ivied into A -

-
crystal system

* Bite ssgysstteemm 139471

→

↳
:gonal
orthorhombic
rhombohedral
monocline
↳ Trial in Ro
↳
Hexagonal system .

of particles in unit
°

* No .
cell °
-

- - -

⑨ simple cubit unit cell Csc)

particle =

IF at each X 8- corner
corner

particle =
I

⑥ Body centred
- cubic unit all
- -

particles =

fg atcognaohx ) Lpgoaty
8- corner t

= It I = 2

⑨ Face centred cub Mcc unit cell Aed

particles =
@ aftaeeaghxo ] -

faces + I corner
-

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=
3 +I INSTAGRAM :
y @prashant_t9
 from egnliilandeqn
consider
fee Ff)
,

ofcubieouniet cell n MN
•→
edge length =
-

a3→ volume of unit cello AT NAAB

m → mass of one particles
'

n → particles per unit

cell
g=NM_
of unit cell Mxn -49
mass
AINA
- - - -

for Density of unit cell

mass of unit cell inn

f- - --

¥fVceu=aT
M→ molar mass of substances
off of particle per
M= mass -

particles x no .

mole
M= Mx Np .
- - -

fun Avogadro NOD

.
→
N
:m=M_
⑨ square
°

- -

⑨ Hexagonal
NA
close
of particles
close packing packing
*
-
Packing in crystal
-
structure

-
each porthole is treated Hard sphere .

coordination no .

that touch
-

neighbouring spheres
is its coordination no
any given sphere
.

* close packed structure of square

↳
stacking
- -
-

stacking
dose
otf eaopgexagopaedosed
packed layer
packed layer
.

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INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9
iii) placing 3rd hexagonal dose packed
- - =

& The octahedral voids are half

⑨ one
way of Tetrahedral voids

⑧ and
way

packing efficiency
* in simple cubic lattice -→

SELF : -

Radius of sphere .

0=28 OR
8=9-2 - -

steps : -

volume of sphere
volume of sphere
43-1783--13
3
steps parking efficiency
-

Ugly as
812
=
pass Das /
6*100=761×43×100
=

G-
steps Total volume of particles
-
se contains only f-particle .
=

10061 =
100×63--142=52.3640
%9fmeouupeedbyporbiaeinwm.tw "¥=NfI
"

sz.su/$femptyspaces47o649
I
* space occupied →
--
.

of lattice
*
packing efficiency metal crystal in
body centred cubic
steps radius ofsphere steps volume of sphere
will use
plythagowous theorem volume of sphere
=4gyy3
we
-

for DEED ,LFED=gO°

°o°
FD2z FEZTEDZ
=

# 71453%3
=a2+a2
FD2=2a2LFE=ED=a) 4317 3}l3=§p3IBa3
-
- -

for DAFD LADF -90 /

'

,
64116
AM-_ ADZTFDZ -
- -
IBIS
substitute 16
eqnioientoeqnd.is
ftp.#Totelbvolume--3a2-.-fAD=a
AF2=a2t2a2
contains particles
) @ Bcc 2 -

AF= -
- - -

eofal volume -_ 2*531703

?i:÷÷
.fr#a---
m
To
557103
.

8-
step packing efficiency

=
.rs# Share
and
8 13100
as
=
IT AX

-85×11 00=113×83146-+100--6840 µ @ (P
⑧ volume occupied → 6840

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empty space → 3240
INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9

* no of particles and unit cells in ng of metallic crystal

fpointmei.bg
.
-

⑧ for motor mass -→ w

b
m=pa3NA_ Types
stoichiomeffchamonstoichiometi.co
^
where
Nasttuogddsosno
.

↳ Density m → motor mass

Impurity
point Defects Defects
defects
d3→ volume
④ Defect
-
Arises when foreign
↳ no . of particles vacancy atoms , present inoystal
During crystal lattice
"N"g metal-→
.
-

⑧ No of particles in
.

particle is i> substitution alimpuriby

missing from Defects
its
Regular site
. -

foreign atoms in Regular

lattice

self interstitial Defection element

.

Interstitial site are spaces fucoids

in between the particles at
lattice points .

first second
⑧

!
Interstitial impurity
Defects
⑥
Impurity atoms occupies

÷ :{Yigal:{Int:o÷÷g%nn:m
""
:n
.
insenrsiiureaespacesotiatnee
missing from their regular
position

* crystal defects or imperfection

constituent
-

Irregularities ihthe arrangement of

called
particles ofa solid crystal ore

defects OR imperfection . Cwjfrenkel Defects

⑨ arises when ionofanionieo
created during crystallization
.

Defects are =
compound is missing from its
A
Rate
MFYfeoBB Regular lattice
-
Ideal crystal possible
at absolute O temp .
 -35
[point
Ms .

NEW INDIAN ERA Defects

INSTAGRAM :
@prashant_t9 *
Types
stoichiometric
✓
Manion stoichiometric
impurity defects
point Defects Defects
d) Defect
-
Arises when foreign
vacancy atoms , present inoystal
-

During crystal .
lattice
particle is is substitution al impurity
from Defects
missing
foreign atoms Regular
in
site
its
Regular
. -

lattice

self interstitial Defection element

.

Interstitial site are spaces fucoids

in between the particles at
lattice points .

first second

!
Interstitial impurity
Defects
⑥
Impurity atoms occupies

÷ :{Inflatio:n {In'I ÷gg%nn.am

""

,
insenrsotiureaespacesotiatnee
missing from their regular
position

frenkel Defects
⑨ arises when ion of an ionic
compound is missing from :B

Regular lattice
Mr Prashant Tiwari
.

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youu
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