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‫وارد شدن‬
‫علوم پایه‬
‫سه ویژگی حالل های استخراج خوب را شرح دهید‪.‬‬
‫سوال‪:‬‬
‫سه ویژگی حالل های استخراج خوب را شرح دهید‪.‬‬

‫حالل های استخراج‪:‬‬

‫حالل استخراج ماده ای است که در آزمایش های شیمیایی برای حل کردن اجزای مورد نظر و کنار گذاشتن سایر اجزای‬
‫نامطلوب استفاده می شود‪ .‬مشخص شده است که انتخاب یک حالل استخراج مناسب در سنتز شیمیایی ضروری است‪.‬‬

‫پاسخ و توضیح‪:‬‬
‫خواص یک حالل استخراج عالی عبارتند از‪:‬‬

‫‪ ) 1‬حالل استخراج باید با ماده ای که باید استخراج شود قابل اختالط باشد و بین آن دو حاللیت خوبی وجود داشته باشد در حالی‬
‫که به طور موثر با ناخالصی ها واکنش نشان ندهد‪.‬‬

‫‪ ) 2‬حالل استخراج باید به راحتی از ترکیب مورد نظر یا هدف حذف شود‪ .‬بنابراین‪ ،‬باید نوسانات نسبتا خوبی را تحمل کند‪.‬‬

‫‪ ) 3‬حالل استخراج باید تا حد معینی غیر سمی و غیر قابل اشتعال باشد تا از محل کار ایمن تر اطمینان حاصل شود‪.‬‬

‫عضو شوید و تمام پاسخ های مطالعه را باز کنید‬

‫امروز آغاز کن‪ .‬اآلن امتحانش کن‬

‫سوال بپرس‬
‫کارشناسان ما می توانند به سواالت سخت درسی و مطالعه شما پاسخ دهند‪.‬‬

‫جستجوی پاسخ ها‬

‫برای چه سوالی به کمک نیاز دارید؟‬

‫درباره این موضوع بیشتر بدانید‪:‬‬

‫استخراج با حالل‪ :‬تعریف و فرآیند‬
 ‫از جانب‬

4 ‫ درس‬/ 6 ‫فصل‬
‫ هزار‬120
‫ تعریف و فرآیند استخراج با حالل را کاوش کنید‬.‫استخراج با حالل فرآیند جداسازی ترکیبات با استفاده از حاللیت نسبی آنهاست‬
.‫و یک نمونه مشکل را کشف کنید‬

‫مربوط به این سوال‬

.‫ویژگی های یک حالل تبلور مجدد خوب را شرح دهید‬
.‫ برشمرد‬،‫سه ویژگی از یک حالل خوب را که می توان برای استخراج استفاده کرد‬

?What are three characteristics of a good recrystallization solvent

?What are two most important characteristics of good recrystallization solvent for a given compound

?What criteria make a solvent satisfactory for recrystallization

.Explain what makes a good NMR solvent

?What properties of a supercritical fluid are important in chromatography

?When deciding to perform an extraction, what must one ensure the two solvents are not

.Explain the difference between chromatography and solvent extraction

What properties are necessary and desirable for a solvent in order for it to be well-suited for
?recrystallizing a particular organic compound

What properties are necessary and desirable for a solvent in order for it to be well suited for re-
?crystallizing a particular organic compound

?a) Why is water an important solvent? b) What properties of water make it so important

?What makes acetone a good solvent for extracting fats from substances such as milk

.Explain why water was an appropriate solvent to use for recrystallization in lab

.Discuss why supercritical carbon dioxide is a nearly ideal solvent

Why is acetone a good solvent for cleaning glass? Would it make a good recrystallization solvent?
?Why or why not

?What are the advantages and disadvantages of using ether as an extraction solvent

What is it that makes water such a good solvent for polar substances? Why is it called the universal
?solvent

?Why would ethyl alcohol not be a good solvent to use with water in an extraction

.What is ethanol? Describe its properties

.Describe naphtha
 .For what types of substances is water a good solvent? For what types is it a poor solvent? Explain

?Why are polar solvents best suited for the SN1 reaction

.List the ways (operations) that can help make a substance dissolve faster in a solvent

Why would acetone and water not be a suitable choice of two solvents to use in a liquid-liquid
?extraction

?Does Molykote 111 have solvent? If so, what is it, and explain why

.Describe the properties of water

.Explain why water is such a good solvent for so many different solutes

?Why is dichloromethane a good organic solvent

?Why would mixed solvents be used for recrystallization

?What are the most important factors in selecting a solvent for recrystallization

?Why is acetone the best solvent for lipids

.Explain why chemical compounds tend to dissolve more quickly in hot solvent than in cold solvent

?What are aprotic solvents

.Describe some properties of hydrocarbons and explain why they are important

'.Define and explain the purpose of a 'solvent pair

?Under which circumstances is it wise to use a mixture of solvents to carry out recrystallization

?What are the properties and uses of rubbing alcohol

?What advantages does using an ionic liquid as a solvent have over using an organic solvent

.Define the terms solute and solvent

Please explain whether or not the following organic solvents could be used for liquid-liquid
extraction within a lab. PLEASE EXPLAIN WHY OR WHY NOT a) propylene glycol (HOCH2CH(OH)(CH3)
( b)o-xylene

Why would using a binary solvent in a recrystallization experiment be more advantageous than using
?a single solvent

?Why is water not suitable solvent in paper chromatography

?Why is methanol a good solvent to recrystallize biphenyl

In solvent extractions, do large distribution coefficients mean that the solvent extracts more
.efficiently? Explain your answer

Explain why water is such a good solvent for so many different solutes and describe the similarities in
.the dissolving process for ionic and covalent substances

.Describe how to make 500.0 mL of 3.6 M acetone

?Under what circumstances would you use mixed solvents in a recrystallization

 .Describe some of the properties of carbon

If you were to use the solvent diethylether for an aldol reaction, would this solvent be a good or bad
.candidate? Explain why or why not

?Based on the structure of acetanilide, why is water a good recrystallization solvent for it

.List two examples of solvents that could be used to dissolve an oil stain

If you were to use the solvent acetone for an aldol reaction, would this solvent be a good or bad
.candidate? Explain why or why not

?Why do you need to remove the chromatogram before the solvent reaches the upper edge

?What properties should the stationary phase liquid for gas chromatography possess

?What are some properties of pure substances

?What properties of substances make it possible to separate them by chromatography

Describe the process of recrystallization as a method for purification of a solid. How does it work?
?What do you do

Why is a gas chromatography separation more efficient than a fractional distillation? 2. What .1
characteristics must the liquid stationary phase have? 3. Describe a method for identifying a
compound

?What are the two properties of substances that enable them to be separated by chromatography

?What type of solvent is needed to remove an oil spot? Why would you use this solvent

For a multiple solvent recrystallization- explain why and how this techniques works, i.e. based on the
??solubility of the compound being recrystallized

a) Explain the process and function of recrystallization. b) A student's explanation states that they
see recrystallization as an impure compound that is dissolved in a hot solvent. At room temperature
.and high temperatures, the impurities are dissolved

.Describe three methods for identifying a compound using gas chromatography

Briefly explain the circumstances under which a mixed solvent recrystallization method would be
.used to recrystallize a given compound

?Name two common impurities in solvents and indicate how they can be removed

?Why is dichloromethane used as a solvent

.Describe the properties of noble gases and discuss their applications

?What physical property of water makes it a great solvent for visible spectroscopy

?What attractive forces determine whether a particular substance will dissolve in a particular solvent

How does the polarity of a molecule and a solvent impact solubility, and why might this be
?important

.Describe the properties of Teflon tape

 If you did not know what solvent to use to recrystallize acetanilide, how would you test a solvent for
?suitability as a recrystallization solvent

.Describe the physical and chemical properties of butanone and 2-butanone

Does the amount of solvent used for a recrystallization have an influence on the yield of product of a
.recrystallization? Explain

If you were to use the solvent methylene chloride for an aldol reaction, would this solvent be a good
.or bad candidate? Explain why or why not

Under what circumstances is a miscible solvent mixture more effective than a single solvent in the
?recrystallization process

?How is water employed as a solvent in the body

In recrystallization, why is it important to add the solvent to the solid, rather than the other way
?around

List out of the three solvents given for each compound: 1) which one is best for crystallization

.Describe the physical and chemical properties of algaecide

?What does gas chromatography indicate about the quality of a fractional distillation

.Give two examples of solvent

?What is Polar Protic and Polar Solvents? Give examples of each

.Are "solution" and "solvent" synonyms? Explain

?Why do we use a minimum amount of solvent to dissolve the solid that is to be recrystallized

Explain why water is such a good solvent for so many different solutes? 2. Why should solutes be .1
? added to water rather than water added to solutes

?What physical properties of a sample would prevent it from being analyzed by gas chromatography

State whether water is polar or non polar. Also explain its consequence on properties of water as
.solvent

When recrystallizing using a mixed solvent system, lab scientists add one part solvent until the
mixture turns cloudy, and then another dose before the mixture clears. Explain why this method is
.used

?What hazards should you be aware of when evaporating a solvent from a solution

?What property of liquids and solids is crucial in chromatography

)‫فرآیند تبلور مجدد را توضیح دهید (یعنی چگونه مواد جامد را تصفیه می کند؟‬
.‫فرآیند کروماتوگرافی و نحوه استفاده از آن توسط دانشمندان را شرح دهید‬
.‫کروماتوگرافی گازی و عملکرد کروماتوگرافی گازی پایه را توضیح دهید‬
‫مزیت انجام تبلور مجدد برای جداسازی یک محصول به جای تبخیر ساده حالل و بازیابی محصول چیست؟‬
‫ آیا این حالل کاندیدای خوب یا بدی خواهد بود؟ توضیح دهید چرا یا‬،‫اگر بخواهید از متانول حالل برای واکنش آلدول استفاده کنید‬
‫چرا؟‬
 ‫حالل چیست؟‬
‫دو نوع پمپ مورد استفاده در کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی باال را توضیح دهید‪ .‬مزایا و معایب هر یک چیست؟‬

‫چرا ‪ NaI‬در استون به عنوان حالل برای واکنش های ‪SN2‬‬