YJFZJYNMV NJ ZB

MWJYANMY NJ AFFHMBJV
HB^YMNZFFHÖB

Jstj `hirm f`áshfm, pui`hfanm pmr prhdjra vjz jb 1896, sj ca fmbvjrthnm,

fmb `ms
`ms añms, jb j` `hirm dás iusfanm y `jänm quj sj caya
caya pui`hfanm eadás smirj
j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. Njsnj quj fmdjbfè
fmdjbfè dh farrjra
farrjra fmdm
fmdm mpjranmr nj
nj djr
fabfäas y affhmbjs jb `ms añms <7, jstj `hirm, nj `as dufcas
dufcas nmfjbas quj cj `jänm,
shjdprj ca shnm j` quj dás ca ca hbl`uhnm jb dh pjbsadhjbtm
pjbsadhjbt m njsnj quj dj lujluj
prjsjbtanm jb 18<:, y js fmb vjrnanjra bmsta`oha y mrou``m fmb `a quj sj ca cjfcm
jsta jnhfhöb nj `a ^ranjrs Wrjss nj 183:. ^jbom `a lhrdj frjjbfha nj quj `ms
prhbfhphms nj` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj` djrfanm y j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm faraftjrästhfm
nj `ms
`ms partäfhpjs
partäfhpjs nj`
nj` djrfanm, quj sj njsfrhijb aquä, smb hbdutai`js y pjrda
bjfjráb shjbnm `ms dhsdms jb `a djnhna jb quj sj pjrdhta a `ms djrfanms
l`uftuar `hirjdjbtj y a `ms jspjfu`anmrjs affjsm `hirj y parthfhpafhöb jb j`
djrfanm.
Vh tmnaväa bm js fmbsfhjbtj nj j``m, misjrvj quj jsta mira nj lhffhöb js,
nj cjfcm, uba ihmoraläa `hojradjbtj nhslrazana nj Ejssj @hvjrdmrj, j` jspjfu`a
nmr dás fm`mrhsta jb j` "\jstäiu`m nj `a lada " nj `ms mpjranmrjs nj djrfabfäas
y affhmbjs.
Vh, njspuès nj `jjr jsta hbtjrprjtafhöb lhfthfha nj `a vhna nj @hvjrdmrj,
\n. njsja `jjr dás smirj jstj lasfhbabtj hbnhvhnum, pujnj mitjbjr ub jejdp`ar nj
Ejssj @hvjrdmrj5 Yjy nj `a Jspjfu`afhöb pmr Wau` Varbmll, pui`hfanm tadihèb
pmr Ojsdmvasa, jb fastj``abm.

Orjjbvh``j, V.F.

Eu`hm, 183: Jnwarn N. Nmismb

 Äbnhfj
Wmrtana
Njnhfatmrha
Wrö`mom
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Wara Ejssj @aurhstmb
@aurhstm b @hvjrdmr
@hvjrdmrj
j.
 Wrö`mom
A lhba`js nj `a nèfana nj 18?7, eustm fuabnm iusfaia traiaem fmdm pjrhmnhsta, ^cj
_a`` Vtrjjt Emurba` dj fmbtratö para fuirhr `a hblmrdafhöb smirj j` djrfanm nj` fmirj.
Dh tarja fmbshstäa jb sjouhr a `ms mpjranmrjs quj fmdpraiab y vjbnäab luturms y prjsjbtar
ub hblmrdj nharhm smirj `as l`uftuafhmbjs. Fmdm sj trataia nj uba èpmfa nj dufca
hbl`afhöb, j` djta` tjbäa ub fmdpmrtadhjbtm a`fhsta. Iaem dh mem avhzmr, pjrm hbjxpjrtm, su
prjfhm
prj fhm audjbtö nj mfcjbta
mfcjbta fjbtavms
fjbtavms nj nö`ar pmr `hira a bmvjbta
bmvjbta fjbtav
fjbtavms
ms j, hbf`usm, ``joö
a ub nö`ar. ^ras fmblhrdar dhs lujbtjs, hblmrdè quj j` fmirj jstaia suihjbnm pmrquj caiäa
«dás fmdpranmrjs quj vjbnjnmrjs».
„¡Dáss fmdpranmrjs
„¡Dá fmdpranmrjs quj vjbnjnmrjs!
vjbnjnmrjs! „sj rhö dh jnhtmr, ub cmdirj rhsujñm a quhjb
quh jb
tmnm `j cafäa orafha, jb jspjfha` aquj` rjnaftmr tab bmvatm„. ^u traiaem js njfhrbms pm
pmrr
què cay dás fmdpranmrjs quj vjbnjnmrjs.
Vu misjrvafhöb, jb aparhjbfha sjbfh``a, dj ``jvö a ub `aijrhbtm jb j` quj `ms
mpjranmrjs iursáth`js usaiab ubms fmbfjptms quj, jb dás nj uba mfashöb, parjfäab caijrsj
hbvjbtanm. A vjfjs dj njfäab quj ta` m fua` suihna „m iaeana, quj nj tmnm caiäa„ `a
caiäab prmvmfanm `ms «hbvjrsmrjs» y quj, pmr `m tabtm, pmnäa prjnjfhrsj uba tjbnjbfha
lutura. Mtras, j` fadihm jb j` prjfhm `m atrhiuäab a `ms «jspjfu`anmrjs», quj pjrtjbjfäab a
uba fatjomräa dufcm djbms lhai`j. Wjrm `m dás dhstjrhmsm nj tmnm jra quj `a fmthzafhöb
pmnäa varhar
varhar pmr «razmbjs tèfbhfas»,
tèfbhfas», y jsa
jsass suihna
su ihnass bm njiäa
njiäa tjbjr`as jb fujbta pmrquj bm
shobhlhfaiab bana. Vhb jdiarom, j` prjfhm sjouäa suihjbnm, ½m bm=
J` fmirj ``joö a` nö`ar y djnhm shb prjstar `a dás däbhda atjbfhöb a `as «razmbjs»
quj njsfuiräa fmb acäbfm. Vaiäa quj a`om la``aia jb dhs abá`hshs, pjrm bm `moraia vjr què
jra. J` prmi`jda jra `a la`ta nj prjparafhöb. Fmdm pujnjb hdaohbarsj, bm caiäa `jänm `as
jdmrhas nj ub mpjranmr nj im`sa nj Jnwhb @jlãvrj y, pmr `m tabtm, bm saiäa födm
jsfrhihr smirj djrfanms nj ihjbjs, djrfanms nj va`mrjs m fua`quhjr mtrm thpm nj djrfanm.
Nj caijr`m cjfcm, fmdprjbnjräa quj «`a fhbta» prmpmrfhmba ub aroudjbtm dás
pmtjbtj quj
quj fua`quhjr mtra razöb m tjsthdmbhm;
t jsthdmbhm; ubm bm nhsfutj fmb `a fhbta, bh `a jx
jxp`hfa
p`hfa b
bhh
`a jsfunrhña. X `m cairäa `jänm jb `a tjrfjra páohba, jb ub sm`m párralm5
@as l`uftuafhmbjs mijnjfjb shjdprj a uba fausa duy fmbfrjta, pjrm a `a fhbta `j na houa`5 `as fmbshoba y pubtm, shb
nar dás jxp`hfafhmbjs. @ms fchfms nj fatmrfj añms bm thjbjb pmr què abnar cafhjbnm prjoubtas hbnhsfrjtas a `ms
tj`jthpms… y `ms prmljshmba`js nj fuarjbta, tadpmfm. Bm va`j `a pjba, ya quj fuabnm sj pujnj njtjrdhbar `a
razöb cab pasanm nms m trjs näas, fuabnm bm sjdabas m hbf`usm djsjs. ½Què dás na=

J` autmr nj jstas `äbjas, chem nj ub mlhfha` nj` jeèrfhtm nj `a Zbhöb, sj caiäa lmrdanm
fmdm hbojbhjrm nj dhbas, aubquj shouhö `ms nhftanms nj su fmrazöb y jb `a nèfana nj
1387 sj njnhfö a cafjr fröbhfas smirj `as prmjzas nj `ms daobatjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Aubquj

j` põi`hfm nj jbtmbfjs sjbtäa tabta furhmshnan pmr fmbmfjr j` lubfhmbadhjbtm hbtjrbm nj `a

im`sa fmdm j` nj cmy,
cmy, jb aquj``a èpmfa sj nhspmbäa
nhspmbäa nj pmfa hblmrda
hblmrdafhöb.
fhöb. @jlãvrj
@jlãvrj,, quj jra
bmvj`hsta anjdás nj pjrhmnhsta, tjbäa `a caih`hnan nj faptar j` m`mr nj _a`` Vtrjjt, asä fmdm
su smbhnm, rjprjsjbtanm pmr ub `jbouaej `mfa` duy parthfu`ar. Jb 1899 fausö rjvuj`m fmb
uba sjrhj nj rj`atms smirj ub ladmsm jspjfu`anmr „«hbladj» tadihèb js ub fa`hlhfathvm
anjfuanm„ quj jstaia nhspujstm a njstapar `ms sjfrjtms nj` bjomfhm a `ms `jftmrjs nj`
nharhm ^cj Vaturnay Jvjbhbo Wmst. @a chstmrha luj pui`hfana nj bujvm a` añm shouhjbtj
pjrm
pjr m jb lmrda nj `hirm.
Aubquj @jlã
@jlãvrj
vrj `as jsfrhihö jb prhdjra pjrsmba, Djdmrha
Djdmrhass nj ub mpjranmr
mpjran mr nj
n j im`sa
im` sa
partj
partj nj varhas
varhas jbtrjvhstas
jbtrjvhstas quj rja`hzö a ub mpjranmr
mpjranmr a` quj ``ada @arry
@arry @hvhbostmb.
@hvhbostmb.
@hvhbostmb bm jxhsthö bubfa, shbm quj luj j` bmdirj nj oujrra nj Ejssj @hvjrdmrj, ubm nj
`ms daymrjs jspjfu`anmrjs iursáth`js nj tmnms `ms thjdpms.
 @hvjrdmrj caiäa fmdjbzanm su farrjra eustm abtjs nj` fadihm nj sho`m, euoábnmsj
ubms pmfms nö`arjs jb fasas nj fmrrjtaej lraunu`jbtas, nmbnj `as pjrsmbas quj bm
nhspmbäab nj djnhms para airhr uba fujbta nj fmrrjtaej `joa` pmnäab cafjr pjqujñas
apujstas fmbtra `a fasa. Vhb jdiarom, fmdjthö ub oravj jrrmr5 oabar uba y mtra vjz, y fmdm
js nj jspjrar, aquj``ms cmbranms cmdirjs nj bjomfhms sj vhjrmb mi`hoanms a jfcar`m fmb
faeas dás m djbms njstjdp`anas.
A lhba`js nj `a Wrhdjra Oujrra Dubnha`, @hvjrdmrj caiäa oabanm, pjrnhnm y vuj`tm a
oabar dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs. Njeö ta` cuj``a jb su thjdpm quj afaiö pmr fmbvjrthrsj jb ub
fchvm jxphatmrhm a` quj sj fu`paia nj fua`quhjr trastmrbm mfashmbanm jb `ms djrfanms nj
va`mrjs m nj ihjbjs… y bm shjdprj shb razöb.
Aubquj jstaia njsthbanm a tjbjr ub papj` njstafanm jb j` orab fraf nj 1898, abtjs nj
su hbjspjranm y tráohfm lhb, Djdmrha
Djdmrhass nj ub mpjranm
mp jranmrr nj im`sa
im `sa js ub rj`atm nj lhffhöb
quj fuirj tab sm`m `ms prhdjrms añms nj `a farrjra nj` orab jspjfu`anmr. Nj bana va`j
prjoubtarsj
prjoubtarsj què cay nj vjrn
vjrnan
an jb jstas páohbas,
páohbas, pmrquj @jlãvr
@jlãvrj,
j, fmb duy iujb thbm, sj
`hdhtö a jsfmojr ub dmnj`m quj nmtasj a `a chstmrha nj vjrmshdh`htun. @a mira, anjdás nj
mtras dufcas vhrtunjs, prjsjbta ub rj`atm pmrdjbmrhzanm nj `a dabjra jb quj aftuaiab `ms
mpjranmrjs iursáth`js abtjs nj quj sj hbstaurasjb `as `jyjs ljnjra`js smirj va`mrjs. J`

`jftmr, nurabtj ubas cmras, sj fmnjará fmb prjsubtms pmsjjnmrjs nj hblmrdafhöb

prhvh`johana
prhvh`johana,, ashsthrá a tmna f`asj nj dabhpu`afhmbjs,
dabhpu`afhmbjs, fmbtjdp`ará
fmbtjdp`ará `ms arnhnjs
arnhnjs nj fhjrtms
nhrjfthvms para suihr y iaear sus prmphms va`mrjs… y tmnm abtj `as barhfjs nj dh``mbjs nj
pjqujñms
pjq ujñms hbvjrsmrjs
hbvjrsmrjs quj hhob
obmrab
mrab pmr fmdp`jtm
fmdp`jtm fmdm ub lrjsfm
lrjsfm nj «uba
«u ba èpmfa quj ya bm
jxhstj». Bm `j la`ta razöb, aubquj sj jquhvmfa. @a batura`jza cudaba bm ca djemranm nj
lmrda bmtmrha njsnj `ms näas nj @jlãvrj y `ms prhbfhphms dmra`js nj quhjbjs sj shjbtjb
atraänms pmr _a`` Vtrjjt fmdm lmrda nj fmbsjouhr ub imtäb láfh`, tadpmfm. Fuabnm

@jlãvrj, jdimsfanm tras @hvhbostmb, misjrva5 «Jb èpmfas nj auoj, sj lmrdab jdprjsas
fmb j` lhb prhdmrnha`, fuabnm bm jxf`ushvm, nj aprmvjfcarsj nj `as oabas quj thjbj j`

põi`hfm nj cafjrsj
cafjrsj fmb va`mrjs nj fua`quhjr f`asj
f`asj»,
», sj bms mfurrjb varhms bmdirjs
bmdirjs nj
jdprjsarhms dmnj`m surohnms nj` djrfanm hbdmih`harhm m nj `a fmdubhfafhöb, ½vjrnan=
Vhb jdiarom, j` tjdpm y `a ejroa nj sus pjrsmbaejs pjrtjbjfjb a `ms «nmranms añms
vjhbtj». J` @hvhbostmb quj pasa sus näas nj asujtm jb At`abthf Fhty, pmnräa sjr ubm nj jsms
pjrsmbaejs
pjrsmbaejs nj Nad
Nadmbmb Yuby
Yubymb
mb anhftms
anhftms a `as farrj
farrjras
ras nj
nj faia
faia``ms.
``ms.
Zba dañaba, njspuès nj caijr njsayubanm y `jänm `a prjbsa datuthba nj Bujva Xmrk, fabsanms nj misjrvar
födm `as oavhmtas pjsfaiab a`djeas, `jvabtaiab j` vuj`m y `as `abzaiab fmbtra `a nura arjba dmeana para airhr`as
y `ujom fmdèrsj`as, dh adhom y ym bms pushdms a rjfmrrjr j` pasjm. Bm caiäa bana dás jdmfhmbabtj jb aquj`
`uoar.
^mnaväa bm jra djnhmnäa y fadhbáiadms fmb fa`da para datar j` thjdpm y rjsphrar j` ahrj sa`hbm. Carnhbo

Irmtcjrs tjbäa uba sufursa` jb j` pasjm y sm`äadms afjrfarbms tmnas `as dañabas para vjr què ta` caiäa hnm `a
apjrtura. @m cafäadms
cafäadms dás pmr
p mr fmstud
f mstudirj
irj quj mtra
m tra fmsa;
fm sa; bms dmräadms
mräadms nj
n j aiurrh
a iurrhd
dhjbtm.
Vhb nuna, @hvhbostmb jstá abshmsm pmr cafjr a`ouba mpjrafhöb. X…
Jstaia dhrabnm `as fmthzafhmbjs para vjr `ms fadihms „fash tmnms jrab suihnas„ casta quj ``jouè a Zbhmb
Wafhlhf. ^uvj `a sjbsafhöb nj quj njijräa vjbnjr. Bm pujnm njfhr dás. Vhdp`jdjbtj tuvj oabas nj vjbnjr.
 J` jsth`m, vävhnm m nhrjftm, eusthlhfa `a mira, pjrm pmr `m djbms tjbom mtras nms
razmbjs para cafjr`m. @a prhdjra js pjrsmba`5 njsnj quj njeè nj hblmrdar ssmirj
mirj j` djrfanm
djrfanm
nj` fmirj, cj njnhfanm `a daymr partj nj dh farrjra a sjouhr `as cuj``as nj mpjranmrjs
lhbabfhjrms quj bm jrab duy sabtms quj nhoadms y quj jb a`oubms fasms sjbfh``adjbtj bm
tjbäab jsfrõpu`ms. @a daymräa sj ca jsfmbnhnm njtrás nj pmrtavmfjs fmbtratanms (y dás
tarnj, njtrás nj sus aimoanms) para nar uba vjrshöb asèpthfa nj `ms cjfcms… fuabnm `a
nab.
@hvhbostmb, aubquj js ub pjrsmbaej nj lhffhöb, bms cai`a nhrjftadjbtj. Na bmdirjs
prjfhms.
prjfhms. ½Afa
½Afasm
sm j` prjs
prjshnjb
hnjbtj
tj nj `a Imrbjm ^hb Fmdpaby
Fmdpaby, ub ta` sjñmr
sjñmr _hsjbstj
hsjbstjhb,
hb, bm
susurra a` mänm a `a jspmsa nj @hvhbostmb, nurabtj uba fjba jb Wa`d Ijafc, quj oabará
«uba orab fabthnan nj nhbjrm» fmdprabnm affhmbjs nj su jdprjsa= @as «djdmrhas» nj
@hvhbostmb dujstrab shb adiaojs `a fmrrupfhöb quj hbvanäa _a`` Vtrjjt jb aquj``ms näas nj
vhbm y rmsas fmb uba fmbtubnjbfha y ub njsfarm hbsö`htms.
@a rjspujsta nj @hvhbostmb js njdashanm iujba fmdm para rjvj`ar`a aquä. Nj tmnms
dmnms, iastará fmb njfhr quj _hsjbstjhb jra tadihèb j` nhrjftmr nj` njpartadjbtm nj
va`mrjs. M sja, j` prjshnjbtj nj `a jdprjsa sj jbfaroa tadihèb nj `as mpjrafhmbjs jb j`
djrfanm „a`om h`joa` jb bujstrms näas„ para dabhpu`ar j` prjfhm nj `as affhmbjs nj `a
jbthnan. Fuabnm `a ojbtj sj qujea nj `a rjou`afhöb, fmdm shjdprj ca cjfcm y shjdprj cará,
njijräadms prjoubtarbms sh `ms iujbms thjdpms nj abtañm lujrmb rja`djbtj tab iujbms.

@hvhbostmb tadpmfm mfu`ta sus prmphas dabhpu`afhmbjs y `as njsfrhij pasm a pasm. Xm
bm pjbsaia quj lujra pmshi`j frjar, djnhabtj fmdpras p`abhlhfanas fmb astufha, ub hbtjrès
ta` pmr ub njtjrdhbanm va`mr quj ubm punhjra cafjr suihr su fmthzafhöb aõb dás pjsj a
njear pmshfhmbjs jb è`. @hvhbostmb ap`hfa j` trufm a `ms va`mrjs nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj` „«ub
cjrdmsm fasm nj dabhpu`afhöb»„ j hbtjbta nhsfu`parsj, ya quj, jb su mphbhöb, `a
dabhpu`afhöb iursáth` bm js rjprmiai`j, a pjsar nj su da`a lada. Casta fhjrtm pubtm, su
rjaffhöb pujnj tmdarsj fmdm ub aftm nj njspjfcm, pjrm `as prmphas rjfjtas nj @hvhbostmb
paraa «`hdphar» j` djrf
par djrfanm
anm „a`oubas
„a`oubas nj `as fua`js prjvèb
prjvèb `as `jy
`jyjs
js smirj va`mrjs quj
prmbtm sj prmdu`oaräab„,
prmdu`oaräab„, nj`atab
nj`atab uba fhjrta prjmfupafhöb
prjmfupafhöb pmr j` sjbthnm
sjbthnm nj prmphjnan.
prmphjnan.
Vja fmdm lujrj, a` djbms sj bms mlrjfj j` rjtratm njsbunm nj `as daquhbafhmbjs pmr imfa
nj` prmphm jspjfu`anmr.
Cay mtra razöb para `jjr a @jlãvrj, pmr supujstm5 dás a``á nj `a abèfnmta, j` rj`atm

mlrjfj
bjomfhm.ubVhb
shbläb nj fmbsjems
jdiarom, shjdprja cj
fua`quhjr asphrabtj
frjänm quj a mpjranmr.
`a fhbta Bm dj anjnhfm
pjrdhtj fmdprar prjfhm aa`tm
jstj
vjbnjr a prjfhm iaem. @hvhbostmb, tras bm pmfms fcasfms, jra fmbsfhjbtj nj` pj`horm quj
supmbj pjbsar nj jsa dabjra. Bm mistabtj, tadihèb rjfmbmfj quj su mlhfhm bm fmbshstäa jb
«hbvjrthr». Wmr njfhr`m jb pmfas pa`airas, `ms jspjfu`anmrjs fmdprab `a tjbnjbfha y `ms
hbvjrsmrjs shoujb j` fadhbm dás `arom. Dufca ojbtj phjrnj nhbjrm cmy jb näa pmr bm
caijrsj m`vhnanm nj `a nhsthbfhöb. ^mnm j` dubnm nhfj quj phjbsa a `arom p`azm y, shb
jdiarom, bm sj pujnj rjshsthr a` nhbjrm láfh`. @hvhbostmb bm sj abnaia fmb rmnjms5 jra ub
jspjfu`anmr nj tmdm y `mdm, pjrm tadihèb ub jxpjrtm sj`jffhmbanmr nj va`mrjs orafhas a
`a pafhjbfha, `a autmnhsfhp`hba y uba dabjra nj pjbsar f`ara y jstrhfta. Zbm sj pujnj

jblanar fmb `a fhbta, pjrm a jsta bm `j hdpmrta. @hvhbostmb njnuem quj jra djemr aprjbnjr
nj sus prmphms jrrmrjs quj bjoarsj a rjfmbmfjr`ms. Vj fmbmfäa duy ihjb. Fmdm jb `ms
ujoms nj azar,
azar, bujstrm
bujstrm pjmr rhva` smdms bmsmtrms
bmsm trms dhsdms.
Fairäa jspjrar quj ub jspjfu`anmr iusfara smp`ms hblmrdathvms „@hvhbostmb `ms
``ada «föftj`js nj jspjrabza»„, pjrm bms uroj (y sj uroj) a rjshsthr jsms fabtms nj shrjba.
Fmbmfj duy ihjb `a pshfm`moäa nj` djrfanm. Vh a`ouhjb mpta pmr ub va`mr njtjrdhbanm,
njijräa cafjr`m jb lubfhöb nj `ms natms apmrtanms pmr `a fhbta, pujs nj `m fmbtrarhm, sjräa
uba pura h`ushöb.
h`u shöb. J` põi`hfm bm thjbj aoa``as
aoa``as para i
iusfar
usfar smp`ms, quhjrj quj sj `ms
`m s njb. V
Vhb
hb
jdiarom, @hvhbostmb avhsa nj hbdjnhatm5 «Xm shjdprj cj euoanm sm`m».

Iujbm, fash. Jb uba mfashöb, jb Varatmoa Vprhbos, mtrm nj jsms ia`bjarhms a `ms quj
afunj cafhjbnm vjr quj jstá nj vafafhmbjs, vjbnj ub va`mr quj ca jstanm afudu`abnm (uba
vjz dás, sj trata nj Zbhmb Wafhlhf) pmrquj ca rjfhihnm ub fchvatazm nj su fmrrjnmr. J`
natm, pmr njsorafha, rjsu`ta la`sm y `a mpjrafhöb sj sa`na fmb uba jbmrdj pèrnhna. Bujstrm
dajstrm, apjsanudiranm, rjl`jxhmba quj pmnräa caijr aprjbnhnm `a dhsda `jffhöb pmr

dufcm djbms nhbjrm. «Wjrm j` njsthbm bm shjdprj bms njea lhear `ms cmbmrarhms nj `a
daträfu`a. Bms na ub iujb azmtj y bms jbtrjoa `a laftura.» Wmr lmrtuba, para bmsmtrms, j`
prjfhm
prjfhm nj ta`js jbsjña
jbsjñabza
bzass js dás razmba
razmbai`j.
i`j. Bm js jxtra
jxtrañm
ñm quj `as Djdmrha
Djdmrhass nj ub
mpjranmr nj im`sa,
im`sa, a` faim nj tabtas a`zas y iaeas mfurrhnas jb `ms djrfanms, sja ub `hirm
quj caoa `as nj`hfhas nj alhfhmbanms y prmljshmba`js.
Ymoj r @mwjbstjhb
Ymojr
Wjrhmnhsta lhbabfhjrm y jsfrhtmr
 H

JDWJFÈ A ^YAIAEAY
^YAIAEAY fuabnm sa`ä nj` fm`johm.fm`joh m. Fmbsjouä
Fmbsjou ä traiaem fmdm
fchfm jbfaroanm nj` tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs
fmthz afhmbjs jb uba mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej. Jra
njsphjrtm para `ms
`ms bõdjrms. Jb j` fm`johm chfj trjs trjs añms nj arhtdèthfa jb
ubm. Jra iujbm, jspjfha`djbtj fmb `a arhtdèthfa djbta`. Fmdm jbfaroanm
nj` tai`öb nj fmthzafhmbjs,
fmthzafh mbjs, dh `aimr fmbshstäa
fmbshst äa jb jbvhar `ms bõdjrms a` ora
orabb
pabj` quj caiäa jb `a sa`a nj `ms `ms f`hjbtjs
f`hj btjs.. Zbm nj jstms f`hjbtjs
f`hjbtj s sm`äa
sjbtarsj a` `anm nj `a fhbta y njfhr jb vmz a`ta `ms prjfhms.
prjfhm s. Bubfa `ms njfäa
njdashanm njprhsa. Vhjdprj cj rjfmrnanm `ms bõdjrms shb prmi`jdas nj
bhboõb thpm.
Caiäa dufcms mtrms jdp`janms jb jsa mlhfhba. Dj chfj adhom, pmr
supujstm, nj `ms mtrms thpms, pjrm
p jrm j` traiaem quj ym cafäa, fuabnm j` djrfanm
jra afthvm, dj dabtjbäa `m sulhfhjbtjdjbtj mfupanm njsnj `as 17 nj `a
dañaba casta `as trjs nj `a tarnj fmdm para pjrdhthrdj pasar dufcm thjdpm
cai`abnm. Nj tmnastmnas lmrdas,
lmrdas, jstm bm dj dj prjmfupaia
prjmfupaia jspjfha`djbtj
nurabtj `as cmras nj traiaem.
 Vhb jdiarom, `m quj bm dj hdpjnäa pjbsar jb j` traiaem jra j`
djrfanm aejtrjanm.
aejtrjanm. Jsas fmthzafhmbjs, ta` fabthnan
fabthnan nj nö`arjs pmr parthfh
pafhöb, bm rjprjsjbtaiab, para dä, prjfhms nj affhmbjs. Jrab
Jrab bõdjrms.
Vhobhlhfaiab a`om, pmr supujstm.
supujstm . Vhjdprj jstaiab fadih
fadihabnm.
abnm. @ms
fadihms,
fadih ms, jsm jra tmnm `m quj
quj njiäa hbtjrjsardj. ½Wmr què fadihaiab=
Bm `m saiäa. Bm dj prjmfupaia.
prjmfup aia. Bm pjbsaia afjrfa nj j``m j``m.. \jäa
shdp`jdjbtjj quj fadihaiab.
shdp`jdjbt fadihaia b. Jsm jra
jra tmnm `m quj njiäa pjbsar ubas
fhbfm cmras a` näa
näa y nms, `ms sáianms5 quj jstms jstaiab shjdprj
fadihabnm.
1

9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjr
mpjranms
anms nj affhmbjs

Asä js fmdm ``jouè a hbtjrjsardj pmr j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj `ms

prjfhms.
prjfhm s. ^jbäa duy iujba djd
djdmrha
mrha para `ms bõdjrms. Wmnäa rjfmrnar,
rjfmrnar , fmb
tmnm njta`` j, födm
njta``j,
quj suihjrab caiäab
m iaearab. Dhaftuanm
alhfhöb ``ms
alhfhöb ams`aprjfhms j` näa
arhtdèthfa näadjbta`
abtjrhmr,
abtjrhmr
dj, eustm
lluj
uj duabtjs
duy nj
y õth`.
õt h`.
Mvsjrvèè quj jb `ms avabfjs, a` houa` quj jb `ms njsfjbsms, `ms prjfhms
Mvsjrv
jrab prmpjbsms a dmstrar fhjrtms cáihtms, pmr asä njfhr`m. njfh r`m. @ms fasms
para`j`ms bm tjbäab lhb
lhb y èstms lujrm
lujrmbb `ms prjfjnjbtjs quj dj ouharmb. ouha rmb. Xm
tjbäa sö`m fatmrfj,añms, pjrm njspuès nj caijr ouarnanm jb dh djbtj
fhjbtms nj misjrvafhmbjs,
misjrvafhmbj s, dj jbfmbtrè prmiabnm su jxafthtun, fmdparabnm
j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj `as `as affhmbjs nj cm cmyy fmb `as nj mtrms näas. Bm
trabsfurrhö dufcm thjdp
thjdpmm abtjs nj quj lu lujr
jraa fapaz nj abthfhpar dmvhdhjb
tms jb `ms
`ms prjfh
prjfhms.
ms. ^a` fmdm cj nhfcm, dh õbhfa ouäa ouäa jrab
jrab sus aftuafhmbjs
pasanas.
pasana s. @`jvaia jb d dhh djbtj `as "c"cmeameass nj hblmrdjs". Jspjraia quj `ms
prjfhms nj `as affhmbjs tmdarab lmrda.
quj quhjrm njfhr.
lmrda. @ms caiäa rjohstr
rjohstranm.
anm. Xa saièhs `m
Vj pujnj njtjrdhbar,
njtjrdhbar , pmr jejdp`m, j` `uoar jjbb j` fua` `a fmdpra js
a`om djemr
djemr quj `a vjbta. Vj njsar
njsarrm``a
rm``a uba iata``a jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs
va `mrjs
y `a fhbta js tu tj`jsf
tj`jsfmphm.
mphm. Wujnjs njpjbnjr nj j``a, shjtj nj fana nhjz
vjfjs.
Mtra `jffhöb quj aprjbnä prmbtm js quj bm jxhstj bana bujvm jb
_a`` Vtrjjt. Bm pujnj caijr`m pmrquj `a jspjfu`afhöb js tab vhje vhjeaa fmdm
`as dmbtañas. Fua`quhjr fmsa quj sufjna jb j` djrfanm cmy, ca sufjnhnm
abtjs y sufjnjrá mtra vjz. Bubfa cj m`vhnanm jstm. Vupmbom quj dj `as `as
hbojbhè para
njij a dh rjfmrnar
lmrda fuábnm y födm
nj faphta`hzar mfurrh
mfurrhö.
ö. J` quj `m rjfujrnj as
`a jxpjrhjbfha. asää sj
Dj ``joö a hbtjrjsar tabtm dh eujom y luj ta` dh absha pmr abthfhpar
avabfjs y njsfj
njsfjbsms,
bsms, jb tmnas `as affhmbjs afthvas, quj dj fmdprè ub
pjqujñm fuanj
fuanjrbm.
rbm. Abmtè jb è` dhs
dhs misjrvafhmbjs
misjrva fhmbjs.. Bm sj trataia nj ub
ub
rjohstrm nj trabsaffhmbjs hdaohbarhas fmdm j` quj dufca ojbtj ``jva
õbhfadjbtj para oabar m pjrnjr dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs shb fa`jbtarsj `a
faijza y shb
shb tjbjr quj hr a` ash`m nj `ms
`ms pmirj
pmirjs.
s. Vj trataia, dás ihjb, nj
uba jspjfhj
jspjfhj nj rjohstrm nj dhs afhjrtms y jrrmrjs y, eubtm a `a njtjrdhba
njtjrdhba
fhöb nj pmshi`js dmvhdhjbtms, jstaia duy hbtjrjsanm jb vjrhlhfar sh
caiäa misjrv
misjrvanm
anm fmrrjftadjbtj; jb mtras pa`airas, sh jstaia jjbb `m fhjrtm.
Nhoadms quj njspuès nj jstunhar fana uba nj `as l`uftuafhmbjs
l`uftuafhmbjs nj`
näa, jb uba
uba affhöb afthva, ym ``joaia a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj sj jstaia

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 6

fmdpmrtabnm fmdm ya `m caiäa cjfcm abtjs nj rmdpjr mfcm m nhjz
pubtms. Ihjb, ym abmtaia `a affh
affhöb
öb y j` prjfhm nj` `u
`ubjs
bjs y, rjfmrnabnm
`as aftuafhmbjs pasanas, jsfrhihräa `m quj njijräa cafjr j` dartjs y j`
dhèrf
dhèrfm`js.
fhbta. m`js. Dás tarnj, `m fmdprmiaia fm fmbb trabsfrhpf
trabsfrhpfhmbjs
hmbjs rja`js nj `a
Asä js fmdm dj hbtjrjsè
hbtjrjs è pmr prhdjra vjz pmr j` djbsaej nj `a fhbta.
@as l`uftuafhmbjs `as asmfhè
asmf hè jb dh djbtj, njsnj j` prhdjr dmdjbtm, fmb
dmvhdhjbtmss cafha arrhia y cafha aiaem
dmvhdhjbtm aiaem.. Wmr supujstm quj `as l`uftuafhmbjs
shjdprj thjbjb uba
uba jxp`hfafhöb,
jxp`hfaf höb, pjrm `a fhbta bm sj prjmfupa nj su pmr què què..
Bm sj djtj jb jxp`hf
jxp`hfafhmbj
afhmbjs.s. Bm `j prjoubtè a `a fhbta pmr què, fuabnm
tjbäa fatmrfj añms
añms y tadpmfm sj `j prjoubtm cmy näa, a dhs fuarj fuarjbta.
bta. @a
razöb nj quj uba affhöb caoa `m quj cafj cmy pujnj quj bm sj fmbmzfafmbmzfa casta
quj bm pasjb nms m trjs näas, m hbf`usm sjdaba sjdabass m djsjs. ½Wjrm, què
hdpmrtabfha thjbj jsm= Vu prjmfupafhöb pmr `a fhbta fhbta fmbfhjrbj a` cmy, bm
a` dañaba.
dañaba. @a razöb pujnj jspjrar jspjrar.. Njijs aftuar hbdjnhatadjbtj m
qujnartj a` darojb. Zba y mtra vjz, vjm qquj uj jstm sufjnj. Yjfujrnas quj
`a Cm``mw ^uij iaeö trjs pubtms j` mtrm näa dhjbtras quj j` rjstm nj`
djrfanm sj rjfupjrö irusfadjbtj. J` `ubjs shouhjbtj vjs quj `ms nhrjf
tmrjs iaearmb
iaearmb j` nhvhnjbnm. Èsa llujuj ``aa razöb. Vaiäab `m qquj
uj hia
hiabb a cafjr
y, aubquj j``ms dhsdms bm vjbnhjrmb `a affhöb, a` djbms bm `a fmdpra
rmb. Bm cuim vvjbtajbta nj hbtjrhmr; bm cuim razöb a`o a`ouba
uba pm
pmrr `a ffua`
ua` bm
njihjra rmdpjr.
@`jvè dh pjqujñm fuanjrbm nj apubtjs nurabtj nurabtj,, quhzá, sjhs djsjs.
Jb vjz nj hrdj a fasa fuabnm afaiaia dh traiaem, dj njnhfaia a abmtar
`as fhlras quj
pjthfhmbjs qujräa y jstunhaia
y para`j`hsdms `ms fadihms, iusfabnm
nj fmdpmrtadhjbtm. shjdprj
Aprjbnhjbnm `as rj
a `jjr `a
fhbta, aubquj bm lujsj fmbsfhjbtj nj j``m jb su dmdjbtm.
Zb näa, ubm nj `ms fchfms nj `a mlhfhba, quj jra daymr quj ym, sj
afjrfö a dä dhjbtras fmdäa y dj prjoubtö, sh tjbäa a`om nj nhbjrm.
"½Wmr què quhjrjs saijr`m=" Nhej.
"Iujbm," nhem è`, "dj ca ``joanm ub smp`m smirj `a Iur`hbotmb. \my a
euoar`m sh jbfujbtrm a a`ouh
a`ouhjb
jb quj vay
vayaa fmbdhom."
fmbdhom."
"½Què quhjrjs njfhr fmb euo
euoar`
ar`m="
m=" pr
prjoubtè.
joubtè. Wara dä `ms õbhfms quj
euoaiab, m pmnäab euoar, fm fmbb prmbösthf
prmbösthfms
ms jrab `ms f`hjbtjs. \h\hjem
jemss
fchsdjs fmb
fmb dmbtmbjs nj pasta. Fujsta fhjbtms
fhjbtms,, j hbf`usm dh`js, nj
nö`arjs djtjrsj
ub fmfcjrm quj jb jsj euj
``jvaraeujom.
om. Jra fmdm
smdirjrm pmsjjr fmfcj nj faia``ms y tjbjr
nj sjna.

> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"Jsm js `m quj quhjrm njfhr; ¡euèoa`m!", nh

"Jsm nhem
em è`. "½Fuábtm thjb
thjbjs="
js="
"½Fuábtm bjfjshtas="
"Iujbm,
"½Födm pujnm mpjrar jb fhbfm parthfhpafhmbjs pmbhjbnm : nö`arjs."
vas a euoar`m="
"\myy a fmdprar tmnm j` Iur`hbotmb quj `a iufkjt scmp dj njej ``jvardj fmb
"\m
j` nhbjrm quj `j nè nj darojb," nhem. "Vjour
"Vjourmm quj suij. Js fmd
fmdmm rjfmojr
nhbjrm. Nmi`a
Nmi`arjdms
rjdms j` bujstrm ráphnadjbtj."
ráphnadjbtj."
"¡Vueèta`m! @j nhej, y saquè dh pjqujñm fuanjrbm nj bmtas.
Xm bm jstaia hbtjrjsanm jb nmi`ar dh nhbjrm, a bm sjr pmrquj nhem quj
`a Iur`hbotmb jstaia suihjbnm. Vh asä jra, dh fuanjrbm nj bm bmtas
tas tjbnräa
quj dmstrar`m. @m dhrè. Fmb tmna sjourhnan, `a Iur`hbotmb, nj afujrnm
fmb dhs fhlras, jstaia aftuabnm fmdm sm`äa cafjr`m abtjs nj quj suihjra.
Bubfa caiäa fmdpranm m vjbnhnm bana jb dh vhna, y bubfa apmstè fmb
`ms mtrms fchfms.
mpmrtubhnan Wjrm
nj prmiar `m quj sänjsaiäa
`a jxafthtun js quj mèsta
dh traiaem, jraalhfhöb.
nj dh uba laiu`msa
Vj ddjj
mfurrhö, nj rjpjbtj, pjbsar quj sh dhs hblmrdjs bm lubfhmbaiab jb `a
práfthfa, bm caiäa bana jb `a tjmräa nj èstms quj punhjra hbtjrjsar a banhj.
Asä quj `j nh tmnm `m quj tjbäa y fmb bujstrms rjfursms nj fmbsmrfhm
fmbsmrf hm è` sj
darfcö a uba nj `as iufkjt scmps (1) fjrfabas y fmdprö a`om nj
Iur`hbotmb. Nms näas dás tarnj vhdms `ms rjsu`tanmsrjsu` tanms.. Xm chfj ub
ijbjlhfhm nj 6,19 nö`arjs.
^ras jsa prhdjra mpjrafhöb, dj alhfhmbè a jspjfu`ar
jspjfu`a r fmb dh
dh prmphm
abzuj`m jb `as iufkjts scmps. Hia nurabtj `a fmdhna y fmdpraia m
vjbnäa. Dj jra hbnhljrjbtj. Jstaia euoabnm ub shstjda y bm uba affhöb
lavmrhta m rjspa`nabnm mphbhmb
mphbhmbjs.
js. Nj cjfcm, dh lmrda
lmrda nj mpjrar jb uba
iufkjt scmp jra `a hnja`, ya quj jb èsta tmnm `m quj cafj ub mpjranmr js
apmstar jb `as
`a s l`uftuafhmbjs a djnhna quj qujnab hdprjsas jb `a fhbta nj
fmthzafhmbjs.
 Bm trabsfurrhö
trabsfurr hö dufcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj safara dufcm nhbjrm nj
`as iufkjt scmps y njeara dh traiaem jb `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej. Asä quj njeè
dh pujstm. Dhs fm`joas pushjrmb pjoas, pjrm bm punhjrmb cai`ar dufcm dufcm
fuabnm vhjrmb
vhjrmb `m qu
qujj jstaia cafhjbnm. Xm jra sö`
sö`mm ub bhñm, y j` suj`nm nj
ub fchfm nj mlhf
mlhfhba
hba bm jra duy a`
a`tm.
tm. Vaquè ub prmvjfcm duy iujbm fmb dh
prhdjr abzuj`m.
(1) @as Iufkjt-scmp (^hjbnas nj Im`sa) jrab
jrab mlhfhbas
mlhfhbas nj psj
psjunm-fmrrjtaej,
unm-fmrrjtaej, fuyms mpjra
nmrjs bjomfhaiab
bjomfhaiab fmb `ms f`hjbtjs parthjbnm jstrhftadjbtj nj `as l`uftuafhmbjs nj prjfhms.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs :

^jbäa quhbfj añms fuabnm oabè dhs prhdjrms dh` nö`arjs y pusj
j` nhbjrm nj`abtj nj dh danrj. ^mnm j``m fmbsjouhnm jb `as iufkjt scmps
jb ubms fuabtms
tradaia djsjs,
a`om cmrrh
cmrrhi`j. anjdásquj
i`j. Qujräa nj `m
`msquj
`ms caiäa ``jvanm
ouarnara a fasa.
jb j` iabfm paraDh danrj
a`jeardj
nj `a tjbtafhöb. Dj njfäa quj jra d dásás nhbjrm nj` quj eadás cuihjra
tjbhnm ub fchfm njnj quhbfj añmañms,
s, jdpjzabnm njsnj ``aa bana. Bm sj frjäa
quj lujra
lujra nhbjrm nj vjrnan. Vm`äa prjmfupa
prjmfuparsjrsj j hbquhjtarsj.
hbquhjtars j. Wjrm ym bm
pmnäa pjbsar jb mtra fmsa quj bm lujra prmiar quj dhs fhlras jrab `as
afjrtanas. Èsa js tmna `a nhvjrshöb quj sj safa nj j``m. ^jbjr razöb
usabnm tu faijza. Vh ym jstaia jb ``mm fhjrtm fuab
fuabnmnm prmiè dhs fmbvhffhm
bjs fmb nhjz parthfhpafhmbjs, tjbnräa aõb dás razöb sh mpjraia fmb fhjb
parthfhpafhmb
parthfh pafhmbjs.
js. Jstm jra tmnm `m quj shobhlhfaia para dä tjbjr dás
darojb. Xm jstaia jb `m fhjrtm nj lmr lmrda
da d dás
ás jbláthfa. ½Dás fmra
fmraej=
ej= ¡Bm,
bm caiäa bhbouba nhljrjbfha!. Vh tmnm dh faphta` smb nhjz nö`arjs y `ms
arrhjsom, dh va`mr js daymr quj sh arrhjsm ub dh``öb fuabnm tjbom mtrm
njspjrnhoanm.
Nj tmnas lmrdas, a `ms quhbfj añms,
añm s, dj jstaia oababnm ihjb `a vhna
vhna
orafhas a` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. Jdpjfè jb `as iufkjt scmps dás pjqujñas,
jb `as fua`js sj smspjfcaia
smspjfcaia quj j` cmdirj quj mpjraia jb vjhbtj parthfhpa
fhmbjs nj om`pj jra Emcb _. Oatjs, nhslrazanm,
nhs lrazanm, m E.
E.W.
W. Dmroab vhaeab
vhaeabnm
nm nj
hbföobhtm.
hbföo bhtm. @as iufkj
iufkjtt scmps jb aquj``ms näas rara vjz jboañaiab a sus
f`hjbtjs. Bm tjbäa
tjbäabb pm
pmrqu
rquèè cafjr`m. Jxhstäab mtr
mtras
as lmrda
lmrdass nj njspmear a `ms
f`hjbtjs nj su nhbjrm, aubquj j``ms afjrtarab jb sus sus anhvhbafhmbjs. J`
bjomfhm jra trjdjbnadjbtj rjbtai`j. Fuabnm sj ``jvaia nj lmrda `joä
thda, dj rjlhjrm njsm`äab
@as l`uftuafhmbjs lmrdasjr
nhrjfta,
pjqu jb `m quj
pjqujñas.
jñas. Bm sj rjljräauba
bjfjshta a `arjaffhöb
iufkjt scmp.
duy
orabnj para sa
safunhr
funhr ub darojb nj sö`m trjs fuartms nj pubtpubtm.
m. Bhboõb
hdpmstmr pmnräa vm`vjr a` euj
eujom.
om. Bm cuihjra tjbh
tjbhnm
nm bhbouba mpjrafhöb.
 Bm tjbäa
tjbäa parthnarhms. J` bjomfhm dj `m rjsjrvaia para dä. Vj
trataia nj` bjomfhm nj uba sm`
sm`aa pjrsmba, nj tmnas lmrdas. Vj trataia nj
dh faijza,
faijza , ½m bm= @ms prjfhms sj dmväab nj `a llmrda
mrda jb quj ym `ms trafè,
shb ayuna nj adhoms m fm`joas, m sj dmväab nj `a mtra, y banhj pmnäa
njtjbjr`mss pmr fmdpashöb cafha dä. Bm frjäa tjbjr bjfjshnan nj cai`ar
njtjbjr`m
nj dh bjomfhm
bjomfhm fmb banhj. ^jbom adhom adhoms,
s, fmdm js `öohfm, pjrm dh
bjomfhm shjdprj ca ca shnm houa`5 ub asubtm nj ub sö`m cmdirj
cmdirj.. Wmr jstm js
pmr `m quj shjdprj cj euoanm sm`m.

< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Bm pasö dufcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj `as iufkjt scmps sj mljbnhj

rab fmbdhom pm
pmrr iathr`as. Xm jb
jbtraia
traia y njeaia fajr d
dhh rjsjrva, pjrm
pj rm j``ms
`m dhraiab
bm shb cafjr
shb
va`äa `a pjba bhboõb
cafjr
cafjr bana.dmvhdhjbtm
dmv
Acähdhjbtm
lu para rjfmojr`m.
lujj fuabnm rjfmojr`m
jdpjzarmb . Dj nhejrmb
a ``adardj
``adar djquj
j`
"Fchfm nj `as apujstas." ^jbäa quj fadihar nj fmrrjnmrjs
fmrrjnmrj s fmbstabtjdjb
fmbstabt jdjb
tj, yjbnm nj uba iufkjt scmp
scmp a mtra. Jstm ``joö a ta`
ta` jxtrjdm quj tuvj
quj nar ub bmdirj lhfthfhm. Fmdjbfè fmb pmfm, quhbfj m vjhbtj parthfh
pafhmbjs, õbhfadjbtj. A vjfjs, fuabnm
fuabnm smspjfcaiab, pjrnäa a prmpöshtm
y njspuès `ms azmtaia. Wmr supujstm, pasanm ub thjdpm, vhjrmb quj ym
`js rjsu`taia njdashanm farm y dj nhejrmb quj dj lujra fmb dh bjomfhm
a mtrm shthm y quj hbtjrlhrhjra jb `ms nhvhnjbnms nj `ms prmphjtarhms.
Zba vjz, fuabnm `a orab prjmfupafhöb pmr `a quj caiäa jstanm
mpjrabnm
Jsa iufkjt nura
nurabtj
btj djsjs
scmp sj aomtö, dj
tjbäa sufursa`js pmrnjfhnä
njfh nä a`aquhtar`js
tmna fhunan,a`om dás nj nhbjrm.
jb vjstäiu`ms nj
cmtj`js y jb fhunanjs fjrfabas. Luh a ubm nj `ms cmtj`js j chfj varhas
prjoubtas a` ojrjbtj y dj alhfhm
alhfhmbè
bè a mpjrar.
mpjrar . Wjrm tab prmbtm fmdm euou euouèè
uba affhöb afthva a dh dabjra, `j jdpjzarmb a ``joar djbsaej djbsaejss nj `a
mlhfhba
mlhfhba fjbtra` prjoubtábnm`j pmr `a hnjbthnan nj` quj mpjraia nj aquj``a
dabjra. J` ojrjbtj dj fmbtö
fmbtö `m quj
quj `j nhejrmb y ym `j nhej
nhej quj dj ``adaia
Jnwarn Ymihbsmb, nj Fadirhnoj. È` fmdubhfö, jbtmbfjs, `a iujba
bmthfha a` ejlj.
ejlj . Wjrm èstj qujräa saijr quj aspjftm tjbäa ym. Fuabnm j`
ojrjbtj dj `m nhem, `j nhej ym a su vjz5"¡Näoa`j quj smy iaem, omrnm y nj
pj`m msfurm y quj dh iaria js pmi`ana!", pjrm è` chzm `a vjrnanjra
njsfrhpfhöb däa, y jsfufcö njspuès y su fara jbrmejfhö y fm`oö.
"½Què `j nhejrmb=", `j prjoubtè rjspjtumsadjbtj.
"Nhejrmb5
"Nhejrmb5 ^mbtm, ½bm tj nhehd
nhehdms
ms quj bm afjptaras bjomfhms nj
@arry @hvhbostmb= ¡X tõ, nj`hijranadjbtj,
nj`hijranadj btj, njeas quj
quj bms
bms njspmej nj ?77
nö`arjs!" Bm dj nhem què dás `j nhejrmb.
 Wrmiè fmb
fmb `as mtras sufursa`js uba njtr
njtrás
ás nj `a mtra, pjrm ``joarmb a
fmbmfjrdj y dh nhbjrm bm tjbäa va`m
va`mrr a`oub
a`oubmm jb bhbouba nj sus mlhfhbas. Bm
pmnäa, shquhjra, dhrar `as fmthzafhmbjs
fmthzafhmbjs shb quj a`oubms nj `ms jdp`janms dj
tmdarab j` pj`m. Hbtjbtè quj quj dj njearab mpjrar a hbtjrva`ms `a `aroms,
roms,
nhvhnhjbnm dhs
dhs vhshtas jbtrj tmnms
tmnms j``ms. Wjrm bm nhm rjsu`tan
rjsu `tanm.
m.
Wmr õ`thdm,
"Fmsdmpm`h
"Fmsdmpm`htab Vtmsö`m
tab Vtmfk djfkjraoj
qujnaia
qujnaiaFmdpaby".
fk Irmfkjraoj
Irm uba y èsa".jra
Fmdpaby `a daymr
^jbäa y dás
sufursa`js
sufursa`j rhfa5
s jb `a
fana
fhunan dabulafturjra
dabulafturjra nj Bujva Hbo`atjrr
Hbo`a tjrra.
a. Afjptarmb nj iujb oranm
ora nm dh

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs ?

mpjrafhöb . Fmdprè y vjbnä affhmbjs y oabè y pjrnä nhbjrm nurabtj

mpjrafhöb.
a`oubms djsjs, pjrmpjrm,, a` lhba`, pasö fmb j``ms `m nj shjdprj. Bm
rjfcazarmb dh bjomfhm rmtubnadjbtj, fmdm caiäab cjfcm `as fmdpañä fmdpañäas as
pjqujñas.
pjqujñ as. Bm pmrquj bm sj tratara nj njpmrthvhnan, shbm pmrquj saiä saiäab
ab
quj sjräa uba imljtana para j``ms pui`hfar `a bmthfha nj quj bm afjptaiab
j` bjomfhm nj ub thpm, sö`m pmrquj oabaia pmfm nhbjrm nhbjrm.. Wjrm chfhjrmb
a`om pjmr quj jsm. Jstm js, dj chfhjrmb pmbjr ub darojb nj trjs pubtms,
y dj mi`hoarmb a paoar,
paoar, a` pr
prhbfhphm,
hbfhphm, uba prh
prhda
da nj djnhm pubtm; njspuès
nj ub pubtm y, y, pmr õ`thdm, nj pubtm y djnhm. A`ou A`oubms
bms jstmria
jstmriarmb
rmb jstm.
½Födm=, ¡d ¡duy
uy láfh`! Vupmboadms quj j` afjr afjrmm sj jstaia vjbnhjbnm a 87
nö`arjs y quj \n. `m fmdprara. Vu thfkjt rjzaräa5 "Fmdprö nhjz afjrms
a 87 113." Vh pushjra ub darojb nj u ubb pubtm shobhlhfaräa qquj
uj sh rmdphjra
a 38 1/>,
1/>, \n
\n.. qujnaräa `hquhnanm autmdáthfadjbt
autmdáthfadjbtj. j. Jb uba iufkjt scmp,
j` f`hjbtj bm js hdpmrtubanm para pmbjr dás darojb, bh pujstm jb `a `a
nm`mrmsa
quj pujna. bjfjshnan nj njfhr`j a su aojbtj quj vjbna para fmbsjouhr `m
Wjrm fuabnm `a Fmsdmpm`htab sj pjoö a jsa prhda, sj jstaia nabnm
ub om`pj iaem. Jstm
Jstm shobhlhfai
shobhlhfaiaa quj sh j` prjfhm jra 87 fuabnm ym `a fmdp
fmdprè,
rè,
jb vjz nj lhourarjb dh thfkjt5 "Fmdprö afjrms a 87113," rjzaräa5 "Fmdprö
afjrms a 81113." Jsa affhöb pmnräa caijr suihnm ub pubtm y fuartm njspuèsn jspuès
nj caijr`a fmdpranm y pjrnjräa tmnaväa nhbjrm sh fjrrara `a mpjrafhöb. X
a` hbshsthr tadihèb jb quj caiäab pujstm ub darojb nj trjs pubtms a`
prhbfhphm,
prhbfh phm, rjnuejrmb dh fapafhnan nj mpjrafhöb jb nm nmss tjrfhms.
tjrfhms . A pjsar
nj tmnm, jsa jra `a õbhfa iufkjt scmp jb `a quj afjptaiab dh bjomfhm, y
njiäa afjptar sus tèrdhbms m aiabnmbar `a mpjrafhöb.
Wmr supujstm, tuvj dhs iujbas y da`as rafcas,
ra fcas, pjr
pjrmm luh, jb tèrdhbms
ojbjra`js , ub oabanmr. Vhb jdiarom, `a ojbtj nj `a Fmsdmpm`htab bm jstaia
ojbjra`js,
sathsljfca
sathsljfca fmb j` njsaoranai`j mistáfu`m quj dj caiäab pujstm, j` fu fua`,
a`, pmr
mtrm `anm, njijräa caijr shnm sulhfhjbtj para afaiar fmb fua`quhjra. Hbtjb
Hbtj b
 tarmb tjbnjrdj uba tradpa, pjrm bm dj fmohjrmb. Jsfapè
Jsfap è orafhas a uba nj
dhs smspjfcas.
@a Fmsdmpm`htab, fmdm ya cj nhfcm, jra dh õ`thdm rjfursm. Jra ``aa
iufkjt scmp dás rhfa nj Bujva Hbo`atjrra y, fmdm bmrda, bm pmbäab `ädhtj
a`oubm a bhbouba
bhbouba mpjrafhöb. Frjm quj jra j` mpjranmr hbnhvhnua` dá dáss
lujrtj,, js njfhr, nj `ms f`hjbtjs lujrtj
lujrtj lujrtjss nj fana näa. ^jbäab uba imbhta
mlhfhba y j` daymr y dás fmdp`jtm tai`öb nj fmthzafhmbjs quj caya vhstm
eadás.. Mfup
eadás Mfupaia,
aia, a `m `arom, tmna `a ssa`a
a`a y sj fmthza
fmthzaia
ia tmnm `m hdaohbai`j.
hdaohbai`j.

3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Dj rjlhjrm a affhmbjs fmdjrfha`hzanas jb `as Im`sas nj Bujva Xmrk y
Fchfaom, a`omnöb, trhom, aiastjfhdhjbtms,
aiastjfhdhjbtms, djta`js, js njfhr, tmnm `m quj
sj fmdpraia saijy födm
Xa saij vjbnäasjjbmpjra
Bujvajb Xmrk,
`a Fchfaom,
`ass iufkjt scmps.Imstmb y @hvjrpmm`.
Nas tu nhbjrm a ub
jdp`janm y `j nhfjs `m quj njsjas fmdprar
fmdprar m vjbnjr. Jstj jdp`janm dhra
`a fhbta m j` tai`öb nj fmthzafhmbjs y tmda nj a``ä j` prjfhm; j` õ`th
õ`thdm,
dm, pmr
supujstm.
supujst m. Abmta tadihèb `a cmra jb jj`` im`jtm nj llmrdamrda quj rjza fash
fmdm j` hblmrdj rjou`ar nj ub fmrrjnmr nj Im`sa, js njfhr, lhoura `m quj
caiäab fmdpranm m vjbnhnm para tä, msja, tabtas parthfhpafhmbjs nj ta`
affhöb a ta` prjfhm jb j` näa y cmra quj fmrrjspmbna, y `a fabthnan nj
nhbjrm quj rjfhihjrmb nj tä. Fuabnm njsjai njsjaias
as fjrrar tu mpjraf
mpjrafhöb
höb tj
nhrhoäas a` jdp`janm-j` dhsdm u mtrm, njpjbnäa nj `a iufkjt scmp-y sj `m
fmdubhfaias.. Èstj tmdaia j`
fmdubhfaias j` õ`thdm prjfhm m, jb fasm nj quj `a affhöb
affhöb
bm cuihjra
fhbta. shnm afthva,
Abmtaia js jspjraia
jsjj prjfhm `a shouhjbtj
y `a cmra fmthzafhöb
jb j` im`jtm, quj
`j naia j` sa`hjra nj `a
vhstm iujbm
y tj `m njvm`väa j hias njspuès a` fa faejrm
ejrm y fmoäas `a `hquhn
`hquhnafhöb.
afhöb. Wmr
supujstm, fuabnm j` djrfanm sj vm`väa fmbtra tä y j` prjfhm hia dás a``á
nj` `ädhtj jstai`jfhnm pmr tu darojb, tu mpjrafhöb sj fjrraia autmdáth
fadjbtj y tu im`jtm sj fmbvjrtäa, shdp`jdjbtj, jb ub trmzm nj papj`.
Jb `as iufkjt scmps
scmps dás cudh`njs, jb `as fua`js sj pjrdhtäa a `a ojbtj
mpjrar jb fabthnanjs tab
tab pjqujñas fmdm pujnab sjr fhbfm parthfhpafhmbjs
parthfhpafhmbjs,,
`ms im`jtms jrab pjqujñas papj`jtas-fmb nhljrjbtjs fm`mrjs para fmdpra y
vjbta-y,
vjbta- y, jb mfashmbjs
mfashmbjs,, fmdm pmr jejdp`m, jb djrfanms a`fhstas jb jiu``h
fhöb, sj asjstaia
asjstai a ub nurm om`pj a `as iufkjt scmps ya quj tmnms `ms f`hjbtjs
jrab a`fhstas y rjsu`taia quj tjbäab razöb. @a iufkjt
iufkjt scmp njnufäa, njspuès,
`as fmdhshmbjs nj fmdpra y vjbta y sh fmdpraias uba affhöb a 97 jb j`
im`jtm aparjfjräa 971/>
971 />.. Asä, mitjbäas sö`m ub rjfmr
rjfmrrhnm
rhnm nj 6/>
6/> nj pubtm pmr
tu nhbjrm.
Wjrm `a Fmsdmpm`htab jra `a djemr nj Bujva
Bujva Hbo`atjrra.
Hbo`at jrra. ^jbäa dh`js
dh `js
nj patrmbjs y frjm rja`djbtj quj ym jra j` õbhfm cmdirj a` quj tjdäab. Bh
`a prhda airudanmra, bh j` darojb nj trjs pubtms quj dj chfhjrmb pmbjr
rjnuejrmb dufcm
dufcm dh mpjrafhö
mpjrafhöb.
b. Vjouä fmdprabnm m vjbnhjbnm tabtm fmdm
dj pjrdhthjrmb. Jb mfashmbjs, tuvj uba uba `äbja
`äbja nj :777 parthfhpafhmbjs.
Ihjb, j` näa jb quj sufjnhö `m quj vmy a barrar`j, jstaia a` njsfuihjr
njs fuihjr
tm fmb trjs
im`jtms nj dh` quhbhjbtas
quhbhjbt
quhbhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs
as parthfhpafhm
parthfhpafhmbjs
bjs fa njubm.
fana
na `a Vuoar. ^jb äa shjtj orabnjs
^jbäa
@a Fmsdmpm`htab usaia
papj`jtas orabnjs fmb ub jspafhm jb i`abfm jb j` fua` pmnäab abmtar j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjran mr nj affhmbjs 8
darojb anhfhmba`. @as iufkjt
iufkjt scmps, pmr supujstm, bub bubfa
fa pjnä
pjnäab
ab dás
darojb. Fuabt
Fuabtmm dás jstrjfcm jra j` "daroj
"darojb",
b", djem
djemrr jra
jra para j``ms, ya
quj sus ijbjlhfhms ranhfab jb quj tj qujnjs `h`hquhnan
quhnanm.m. Jb `as thjbnas dás
pjqujñas, sh qujräas pmbjr aõb dás darojb jb tu mpjrafhöb, cafäab ub
im`jtm bujvm, para pmnjrtj oravar, nj jsa dabjra, fmb uba fmdhshöb nj
fmdpra
fmdp ra y nartj sö`m 6/>
6/> nj pubtm pmr fana pubtm nj njsfjbsm, ya quj j``ms
fmbfjiäab `a fmdhshöb nj fmdpra jxaftadjbtj houa` quj sh sj tratara nj
uba bujva mpjrafhöb.
Yjfujrnm quj jsj näa oabj dás nj 17.777 nö`arjs.
Xm tjbäa 97 añms fuabnm eubtè pmr prhdjr vjz 17.777 nö`arjs jb
jljfthvm. ¡X tjbnräas quj caijr mmänmänm a dh danrj! Wjbsarä
Wjbsaräasas quj nhj
nhjzz d
dh`h`
nö`arjs jb jljfthvm jra dás nj `m quj fua`quhjr pjrsmba punhjra ``jvar
jbfhda jxfjptm j` vhjem Emcb N., y j``a sm`äa njfhrdj quj dj fmdlmrdara
fmb j``ms y jbtrara jb a`oõb bjomfhm rjou`ar. @m pasè da` hbtjbtabnm
fmbvjbfjr`a nj quj bm apmstaia, shbm quj oabaia nhbjrm fa`fu`abnm.
Wjrm tmnm `m quj vjäa j``a jra quj nhjz dh` nö`arjs jra dufcm nhbjrm y
tmnm `m quj vjäa ym jra dás darojb.
Vaquè dhs 6.:77 part
parthfhp
hfhpafhm
afhmbjs
bjs nj `a Vuoar a 17: 1/> 1/>.. Caiäa mtrm
thpm jb `a sa`a, Cjb
Cjbry
ry _h``hads, quj jstaia a` njsfuihjrtm, fmdm ym, fmb
9.:77 parthfhpafhmbjs. Vm`äa sjbtard
sjbtardjj a` `anm nj` rj`m
rj`mee y njfhr jb vmz a`ta
`as fmthzafhmbjs a` fchfm jbfaroanm
jbfaroanm nj` tai`öb. J` prjfhm sj fmdpmrta
fmdpmrtaiaia
fmdm ymym pjbsaia qqujuj `m caräa. Wrmbtm iiaeö
aeö uubb par nj
nj pubtms y sj njtuvm
ub dmdjbtm para tmdar mxäojbm abtjs nj sudjrohrsj mtra vjz. J`
djrfanm ojbjra`
ojbjra` jra iastabtj suavj y tmnm pparjfäa
arjfäa prmdjtjnmr. Jbtmb
fjs, nj om`pj, dj njeö nj oustar `a lmrda jb `a quj `a Vuoar nunaia.
Jdpjfè a sjbthrdj
sjbthrdj
\jbnä, njspuès, hhbfödmnm.
bfödmnm.
a 176, däbhdm Wjbsè
nj` näa,qu
qujj njiäa
pjrm sa`hrdj
jb vjz nj
nj`` djrfanm.
nj sjbthrdj dás
fmblhanm
fmblhanm dj sjbtä dás hbfhjrtm. Vaiäa qquj
uj a`om hia da` jb a`oõ
a`oõbb shth
shthm,
m,
pjrm bm saiäa jxaftadjbtj nöbnj. Wjrm sh a`om hi
hiaa a sufjnjr y ym bm saiäa
nj nmbnj vjbnräa, `m djemr quj pmnäa cafjr jra sa`hrdj nj` djrfanm.
 Bm caom `as fmsas a fhjoas.
fhjoas . Bm dj ousta. Bubfa `m chfj. Aub shjbnm
bhñm, tjbäa quj saij
saijrr pmr què njiäa cafjr fhjrtas
fhjrtas ffmsas.
msas. Wjrm jsta vjz bm
tjbäa uba rjspujsta njlhbhthva para nardj a dä dhsdm,
dh sdm, aubquj dj jbfmbtra
ia tab hbfödmnm
hbfödmnm quj bm pmnäa rjshsthr`m. @`adè a ub thpm quj fmbmfäa, Navj
_ydab, y `j nhej5 "Navj, mfupa dh pujstm aquä. Quhjrm quj caoas a`om pmr
dä. Jspjra uubb pmfm abtjs nj njfh
njfhrr jb vmz a`ta j` prjfhm shouhjbtj nj `a
Vuoar, ½nj afujrnm=

17 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Nhem quj asä `m caräa, y ym dj `jvabtè y `j fjnä dh pujstm a` `anm

nj` rj`me para quj punhjra orhtar `ms prjfhm
prjf hmss para j` fchfm.
fch fm. Vaquè dhs shjtj
im`jtms nj `a Vuoar nj dh im`sh``m y dj luh casta j` dmstranmr jb j` quj
sj jbfmbtraia j` jdp`janm quj darfaia `ms im`jtms fuabnm fjrraias tus
mpjrafhmbjs. Wjrm ym bm bm jbtjbnäa, jb rja`h
rja`hnan,
nan, pmr què njiäa sa`hrdj nj`
djrfanm,
djrfan m, asä quj a``ä dj qujnè, apmy
a pmyanm
anm jb j` dmstranmr
dmstr anmr y fmb `ms im`jtms
jb `a dabm para quj bm pujnhjra vjr`ms j` jdp`jan
jdp `janm.m. Duy prmbtm mä j` ruhnm
nj ub hbstrudjbtm
hbstrudj btm tj`jorálhfm y vh a ^md Iurbcad,
Iurbc ad, j` jdp`janm,
jdp`jan m, vm`vjr
vm`v jr su
faijza ráphnadjbtj y jsfufcar. Wrjsjbtä
Wrjsj btä quj sj jstaia fmfhjb
fmfhjbnm
nm a`om bana
bana
`hdphm,
`hdph m, y njfhnä bm jsparar dás. Eustm jbtmbfjs
jbt mbfjs Navj _ydab,
_ydab , a` `anm nj`
rj`me, jdpjzö a njfhr5 "Vu-" y, ráphnm fmdm uba fjbtj``a, sm`tè dhs im`jtms
jb j` dmstranmr nj`abtj nj` jdp`janm orhtabnm, "¡sj fhjrra `a Vuoar!",
abtjs nj quj Navj afaiara nj orhtar j` prjf
pr jfhm
hm.. @a fasa, pmr supujstm
supuj stm,, tuvm
quj fjrrar
sjr nj dh 176.
bujvm Vuoar fmb
fmb `a õ`thda fmthzafhö
fmth zafhöb.b. @m quj Navj orhtö rjsu`tö
Nj afujrnm fmb dhs hblmrdjs, `a Vuoar njijräa caijr rmtm j` 176
jb jsj dmdjbtm.
dmdjbt m. J` dmtmr bm jstaia nabnm
nab nm om`pjs fjrtjrms.
fjrtj rms. ^jbäa j` prj
prj 
sjbthdhjbtm nj quj caiäa uba tradpa jb j` vjfhbnarhm.
vjfhbnar hm. Jb fua`quhjr fasm,
j` hbstrudjbtm tj`jorálhfm parjfäa caijrsj vuj`tm `mfm y dj nh fujbta nj
quj ^md
^md Iurbcad,
Iurbc ad, j` jdp`janm,
jdp` janm, caiäa
ca iäa njeanm dhs im`jtms shb darfar jb
j` dhsdm shthm jb quj `ms njeè, y jstaia jsfufcabnm `ms om`pjfhtms fmdm
sh jstuvhjra jspjrabnm
jspj rabnm quj sufjnhjra
sufjnhj ra a`om.
a`om . Asä quj `j nhej a vmz jb orhtm5
orh tm5
"¡^md, ½què js `m quj jspjras= ¡Darfa j` prjfhm jb jsms im`jtms-176!
¡Duèvjtj!
^mnms jb `a sa`a dj myjrmb y jdpjzarmb a dhrar cafha nmbnj
jstáiadms bmsmtrms y a prjoubtar què mfurräa,
mfurr äa, pmrquj,
pmrq uj, ya vjs, dhjbtras `a
Fmsdmpm`htab bubfa sj caiäa rjbnhnm,
rjbn hnm, bm cuim aroudjbt
aro udjbtms,
ms, y uba farrjra
jb uba iufkjt scmp pujnj fmdjbzar
fmdjbza r houa`
houa ` quj uba farrjra jb ub iabfm.
iab fm. Vh
ub f`hjbtj
f`hjbtj smspjfca, j` rjstm `j sjouhräa. ^md parjfäa da`cudmran
da`cu dmranm, m, pjrm
sj afjrfö y darfö dhs im`jtms "Fjrrana jb 176" y jdpueö cafha dä `as
shjtj.
shjt j. Fmb tmna sjourhnan
sjourh nan su fara dmstra
dms traia
ia ub ojstm aorhm.
aorhm .
@a nhstabfha
nhstabfh a quj caiäa jbtrj
jbtr j j` `uoar jb quj jstaia ^md y `a eau`a
eau `a nj`
faejrm jra sö`m nj ubms djtrms.
djtr ms. Wjrm
Wjr m bm caiäa ``joanm
``jo anm ym tmnaväa
tmna väa a`
faejrm, para fmojr dh nhbjrm, fuabnm Navj _ydab, quj sj jbfmbtraia
a` `anm nj`tarnj;
njdashanm rj`me, asä
orhtö
quja`tjranm5
dj rjä y¡fhj`ms!
``adè a`a ^md5
¡Vuoar,
"bm173!" Wjrm jra
nhm rjsu`tanm,
½vjrnan, vhjem=

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 11

Vj tratö, pmr supujstm, nj uba ffmsa
msa prjparana. Cjbry _h``hads y
ym jstáiadms a` njsfuihjrtm fmb sjhs dh`
dh` parthfhpafhmbjs nj `a Vuoar. Jsa
iufkjt scmp tjbäa dh darojb y j` nj Cjbry, y njiäa caijr dufcms mtrms
njsfuihjrtms nj jb
parthfhpafhmbjs `a Vuoar jb `a mlhfhba;quj
tmta`. Vupmboadms pmshi`jdjbtj,
tuvhjrab 97.777mfcm nö`arjs
m nhjz dh`jb
dárojbjs nj `a Vuoar. Jstm jra sulhf
sulhfhjbtj
hjbtj par
paraa paoar ``aa iufkjt scmp uuba
ba
fmdhshöb jb `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk y `hquhnarbms. Abthouadjbtj,
fuabnm uba iufkjt scmp sj jbfmbtraia faroana nj dufcms a`fhstas a`fhst as jb uba
fhjrta affhöb, jra uba práfthfa fmdõb fmojr a a`o
a`oõb
õb Aojbtj nj Im`sa para
quj `avara j` prjfhm nj jsa affhöb fmbfrjta `m iastabtj fmdm para `hquhnar
a tmnms `ms f`hjbtjs quj jstuvhjrab a `arom. Jstm fa fash
sh bubfa fujsta a `a
iufkjt scmp dás nj ub par nj pubtms jb ubms fuabtms fhjbtms nj
parthfhpafhmbjs, y j``ms oabarmb dh`js nj nö`arjs.
Jsm js `m quj chzm `a Fmsdmpm`htab para fmojrdj a dä, a Carry
_h``hads y a mtrms njsfuihjrtms nj `a Vuoar. Vus
Vus aojbtjs nj im`sa jb Bujva
Xmrk suihjrmb
suihjrmb j` prjfhm casta 173. Wmr supujstm, fayö hbdjnhata
hbdjnhatadjbtj,
djbtj,
pjrm Cjbry y dufcms mtrms lujrmb `hquhnanms. Vhjdprj quj sj prmnufäa uba
irusfa faäna hbjxp`hfai`j, sjouhna nj uba rjfupjrafhöb hbstabtábja, `ms
pjrhönhfms nj aquj``ms näas sm`äab ``adar`m "avabfj nj `a iufkjt scmp".
X `m dás orafhmsm nj tmnm j``m jra quj, bm dás nj nhjz näas abtjs
nj quj `a ojbtj nj `a Fmsdmpm`htab hbtjbtara jboañardj, ub mpjranmr nj
Bujva Xmrk `ms
`ms jstalö jb dás nj sjtjbta dh` nö`
nö`arjs.
arjs. Jstj cmdi
cmdirj,
rj, quj luj
ub laftmr hdpmrtabtj nj`
nj` djrfanm jb su näa y dhjdirm nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva
Xmrk, fmbshouhö ub orab prjsthohm
prj sthohm fmdm iaehsta nurabtj j` páb
pábhfm
hfm Iryab nj`
8<. Vhjdprj lu
lujj jb fmbtra nj `as rjo`as nj `a Im`s
Im`saa quj `j hdpjnäa
hdpjnäabb ``jvar
abmfaim susqujeas
cairäa p`abjs
qu a fmsta
jeas nj nj sus
`a Im`sa m njdhjdirms fm`joas.
`as autmrhnanjs Zb näa sjshhdaohbö
pm`hfha`js hdao hbö quj
è` dhsdm sj
``jvaia nj `as iufkjt scmps partj nj `as oababfhas da da`` fmbsjou
fmbsjouhnas.
hnas. Jb j`
jejdp`m nj` quj
quj cai`m, jbvhö trjhbta y fhbfm cmdirjs para quj aftuarab nj
f`hjbtjs.
f`hjbt js. Lujrmb a `a mlh
mlhfhba
fhba prhbfhpa` y a `as sufursa`js dás orabnjs. Fhjrtm
 näa, y a uba cmra lhe
lheana,
ana, tmnms `ms aojbtjs fmdprarmb nj uba njtjrdhbana
affhöbb tabtm fm
affhö fmdm
dm `ms ojrjbtjs `js pjrdhthjrmb. ^jbäab hbstruffhmbjs nj
djtjrsj lurthvadjbtj
lurthvadjbtj jb fhjrtm ijbjlhfhm. Wmr supujstm, `m quj è` chz
chzmm lu
lujj
nhstrhiuhr prmbösthfms a`fhstas
a`fhstas smirj jsa affhöb jbtr
jbtrjj sus fm`joas y njspuès
jbtrö jb `a Im`sa y pueö pmr j` prjfhm, ayunanm pmr `ms mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a,
quj `m frjäab nhvjrthnm. ^jbhjbnm fuhnanm jb rjfmojr `a affhöb anjfuana
para jsj traiaem, bm cuim prmi`jdas a `a cmra nj suihr j` prjfhm jb trjs m

19 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fuat rm pu
fuatrm pubt
btms
ms.. Vus aojbtj
aojbtjss nj `a iufkjt scmp sj aprm
aprmvjfca
vjfcarmb
rmb nj j``m
fmdm ya sj caiäa jstai`jfhnm.
Zb fm`joa dj nhem
nhem quj j` hbvjbtmr safö sjtjbta dh` nö`arjs
nö`arj s bjtms
bjtms,, y
sus aojbtjs
aojbtj s chfhjrmb sus oastms y paom, anjdás. È` euoeuoöö jsj eujo
eujomm varhas
vjfjs pmr tmnm j` paäs, fasthoabnm a `as iufkjt scmps dás orabnjs nj
Bujva
Buj va Xmrk
Xmrk,, Imstm
Imstmb,
b, Lh`anj`lha, Fchfa
Fchfaom,
om, Fhbfhbatth y V. @uhs. Zba nj
dhs affhmbjs lavmrhtas jra `a _jstjrb Zbhmb, pmrquj jra duy láfh` suihr
m iaear ubm
ubmss fuabt
fuabtms
ms pubt
pubtms
ms uba affhöb sjdhafthva fmdm èsa. Vus
aojbtjs `a fmdprarmb a fhjrtm prjfhm, `a vjbnhjrmb a ub ijbjlhfhm nj nms
pubtms,
pubt ms, sj qujnarmb a` njsfuihjrtm y tmdarmb trjs pubtms dás. A
prmpös
prm pöshtm,
htm, `jä j` mtrm nä
näaa qu
qujj jjsj
sj cmdirj durhö, pmirj y msfurm. Vh
cuihjra dujrtm jb 138<, tmnms `ms pjrhönhfm nj Bujva Xmrk `j cairäab
njnhfanm, a` djbms, uba fm`udba jb prhdjra páohba. Wmr j` fmbtrarhm,
sö`m tuvm nms `äbjas jb `a quhbta.
 HH

JB^YJ J@ NJVFZIYHDHJB^M nj quj `a Fmsdmpm`htab Vtmfk Irmf-

kjraoj Fmdpaby jstaia prjparana para atafardj nj lmrda sufha, sh `a
airudanmra
airudan mra faroa nj` darojb nj trjs pubtms y `a prhda nj ub pubtm y djnhm
bm `m fmbsjouä
fmbs jouäab,
ab, y `as smspjfcas
smspjf cas nj quj bm `js
`js hbtjrjsaia
hbtjr jsaia dh bjomfhm
bjo mfhm,, dj
njfhnä
njf hnä prmbtm
prmbt m a hr a Bujva
Buj va Xmrk nmbnj
nmb nj pmnräa
pmnr äa mpjrar
mpjr ar jb `a mlhfhba nj a`oõb
a`oõ b
dhjdirm
dhjd irm nj `a Im`sa
Im`s a nj Bujva
Bujv a Xmrk.
Xmrk . Bm qujräa
qujrä a bhbouba
bhbo uba sufursa` nj
Imstmb, nmbnj njiäab tj`joralharsj `as fmthzafhmbjs.
fmthzafhmbjs . Qujräa jstar fjrfa nj
`a lujbtj mrhohba`.
mrho hba`. @`jouè
@`jo uè a Bujva
Bujv a Xmrk a `a jnan nj 91 añms,añms , trayjbnm
trayjb nm
fmbdhom tmnm `m quj tjbäa, nms dh` quhbhjbtms nö`arjs.
Xa nhej quj tjbäa nhjz dh` nö`arjs fuabnm tjbäa vjhbtj añms y dh
darojb,
daroj b, jb jsa trabsaffhö
trabs affhöbb nj `a Vuoa
Vuoar,
r, supjraia
supjr aia `ms nhjz dh`. Wjrm bm
shjdprj oabè.
oabnjè.`mDh
lrjfujbfha qujp`ab nj. mpjrafhöb
pjrnä
pjrnä. mpjrafhö b jraa`mancjrhnm
Vh dj cuihjra
cuihjr iástjbtj
iást jbtja sö`hnm y oabè
è`, cairäa fmb
jstanm
jstan dás
m jb `m
fhjrtm shjtj nj fana nhjz vjfjs. Nj cjfcm, oabè nhbjrm shjdprj quj jstuvj
sjourm nj quj jstaia jb `m fhjrtm abtjs nj fmdjbzar. @m quj dj vjbfhö luj
bm tjbjr j` fjrjirm sulhfhjbtj para ancjrhrdj a dh prmphm eujom, js
njfhr, para euoar jb j` djrfanm sö`m fuabnm dj sathslafäab `ms prjfj
njbtjs quj lavmrjfäab dh eujom. X jstm js prjfhsa
prj fhsadjbt
djbtjj `m
`m quj vjbfj
vjb fj a
tabtms cmdirjs
cmdir js jb _a`` Vtrjjt
Vtrj jt quj jstáb `jems nj sjr `a f`asj quj dás sj
aprmvjfca. Jxhstj j` shdp`j `mfm, quj ccafjafj shjdprj, y jb tmnas partjs,
partjs ,
`m quj bm njij cafjr, pjrm jxhstj tadihèb j` `mfm nj _a`` Vtrjjt, quj frjj
quj njij bjomfhar tmnm j` thjdpm. Banhj pujnj tjbjr shjdprj razmbjs

anjfuanas para cafjr

sulhfhjbtj `a fmdpra
nj sum vjbta
eujom nharhas
ub eujomnj hbtj`hojbtj.
affhmbjs, m j` fmbmfhdhjbtm
fmbmfhdh jbtm

16

1> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Xm dhsdm `m fmdprmiè.
fmdprmiè. Vhjdpr Vhjdprjj quj `jä `a fhbta a `a `uz nj `a
jxpjrhjbfha oabè nhbjrm, pjrm fuabnm chfj ub shdp`j eujom nj `mfms,
pjrnä.. Bm lluj
pjrnä uj uba jxfjpfhöb, ½vjrn½vjrnan=
an= A``ä jstaia j` jbmrdj tai`öb nj
fmthzafhmbjs dhrábnmdj
dhrábnmdj a `ms mems, j` rj`me dmvhèbnmsj, `a ojbtj
bjomfhabnm y vhjbnm fmdm sus im`jtms sj fmbvjrtäab jb jljfthvm m jb
papj` nj njsjfcm. Njeè, pmr supuj supujstm,
stm, quj j` absha nj jdmfhöb mituvhjra
`ms djemrjs rjsu`tan
rjsu`tanms
ms nnjj dh euhf
euhfhm.
hm. Jb uba iufkjt scmp, jb jb `a quj tu
darojb sjsjaa pjqujñm, bm eujoas pa para
ra fmbsjouhr thrmbjs `aroms
`aroms.. Qujnas
`hquhnanm nj lmrda láf
láfh`h` y rráphna.
áphna. J` njsjm nnjj affhöb fmbst
fmbstabtj,
abtj, shb fmb
shnjrafhöb a `as fmbnhfhmbjs suiyafjbtjs, js rjspmbsai`j nj dufcas
pèrnhnas jb _a`` Vtrjjt, hbf`usm jbtrj `ms prmljshmba`js, quj frjjb quj
njijb ``jvar nhbjrm a fasa tmnms `ms näas, fmdm sh traiaearab para
fmbsjouhr ub sa`arhm rjou`ar. Yjfujr Yjfujrnjb
njb quj ym jra sö`m ub främ. [B [Bmm
saiäa jbtmbfjs
tarnj, `m quj
jspjrar nms aprjbnä
`aroas njspuès,
sjdabas y vjr`mquj
qujuba
djaffhöb
chzm, quhbfj añms
jb `a quj ymdás
jra
duy a`fhsta suiäa trjhbta pubtms abtjs nj nardj fujbta nj quj jra sjourm
fmdprar`a. Dj arruhbè j hbtjbtaia
hbtjbtaia rj
rjfupjrardj,
fupjrardj, pjrm bm pmnäa pjrdhthr
dj j` `uem nj
nj euo
euoar
ar tjdjrarhadjbtj. ^jbäa quj jstar jb `m fhjrtm y pmr jsm
jspjrèT.
jspj rèT. Jsm mfurrhö jb 1181:81:.. Js ub
ubaa `aroa chstmrha. Ms `a fmbtarè
njspuès jb su `uoar anjfuanm. Fmbthbujdms acmra fmb j` dmdjbtm jb
quj, tras añms nj práfthfa jb oabar`ms, njeè quj `as iufkjt scmps sj
``jvarab `a daymr partj nj dhs acmrrms.
¡X anjdás fmb `ms
`ms me
mems
ms d
duy
uy aihjrtms! X bm lluj
uj j` õbhfm pjrämnm
nj dh vhna
dufcms jb qu
jbjdhoquj
jbjdhomsj `m
ms qujchfj.
jstábZbnjbtrm
mpjra
mpjranmr
nmrsänj
nj affhmbjs
dhsdm
dhsdm. . Nj thjbj
tmnasquj `ufcar
lmrdas, fm
fmbb
``jouè
a Bujva Xmrk
Xmrk fmb nms dh` quhbhjbtms nö`arjs. Bm caiäa iufkjt scmps jb `as
quj a`ouhjb punhjra fmblhar.
fmblhar. @a Im`sa y `a pm`hfäa
p m`hfäa caiäab `moranm fjrrar`as
f jrrar`as
lujrtjdjbtj. Anjdás, ym qujräa jbfmbtrar ub `uoar jb j` fua` j` õbhfm
`ädhtj a dh mpjrafhöb lujra
lujra j` tadañ
tadañmm nj dh apuj
apujsta.
sta. Bm jra d
duy
uy orabnj,
pjrm jspjraia quj a`oõb
a`oõb näa `m lu
lujra
jra.. @m prhdjrm quj njiäa cafjr jra
jbfmbtrar ub `uoar nmbnj bm tuvhjra quj prjmfupardj nj `morar uba
trabsaffhöb eusta.
eust a. Asä qu
qujj dj nhrhoä a uuba
ba llhrda
hrda nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva
Xmrk quj tjbäa uba sufursa` jb dh fhunan nmbnj ym fmbmfäa a a`oubms nj
`ms jdp`ja
jdp`janms.
nms. Caiäab njea
njeanm
nm `ms bjomfhms cafäa iast
iastabtj
abtj.. Bm jstuvj
a``ä dufcm thjdpm, bm dj oustö ubm nj `ms fm`joas, y dj luh a A.Y.
Lu``jrtmb & Fm. A`ouhjb njiäa
njiäa caijr`js fmbtanm a`om nj dh jxpjrhjbf
jxpjrhjbfha
ha
abtjrhmr, pmrquj bm tarnarmb dufcm jb ``adardj j` "bhñm mpjranmr."

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1:

Vhjdprj cj parjfhnm emvjb. Luj uba njsvjbtae

njsvjbtaeaa jb dufcms
dufcms sjbthnms,
pjrm dj mi`hoö a `ufcar pmr dhs njrjfcms fuabnm dufcms hbtjbtaiab
aprmvjfcarsj nj dh euvjbtun.
euvj btun. @ms thpms nj `as iufkjt scmps, vhjbnm `m
bhñm qujrazöb
`a õbhfa jra, pjbsarmb
para quj shjdprj quj tab
`ms vjbfhjra jstaia `mfm pmr `a
a djbunm. `a sujrtj y jsa jra
Bm trabsfurrhjrmb sjhs djsjs abtjs nj quj quj dj arruhbara. Jra ub ub
mpjranmr duy
duy afthvm y tjbäa uba jspjfhj
jspjfh j nj rjputafhöb nj oabanmr. Vj dj
abtmea quj
quj dhs fmdhshmbjs asfjbnäab a a`om. Vuiä dh fujbta ub pmfm, pjr pjrm,
m,
pmr supujstm,
supujstm , pjrnä a` lhba`. Euouè fmb
fmb fuhnanm; pjrm tuvj quj pjrnjr. Ms
nhrè pmr què5 ¡pmr
¡pmr dh èxhtm bmtai`j jb `as iufkjt scmps!.
Wmnäa oabar j` eujom a dh dabjra sö`m jb uba iufkjt scmp, nmbnj
apmstaia fmb
fmb l`uftu
l`uftuafhmbjs.
afhmbjs. Dh `jftura nj `a fhbta sö`m sj prjmfupaia nj
jsm. Fana vjz quj fmdpraia, j` prjfhm jstaia jb j` tai`öb nj nj fmthzafhm
fmthzafh m
bjs, nj`abtj nj dä. Aub abtjsabtjs nj quj
quj fmdprara,
fmdprara, saiäa jxaftadjbtj j`
prjfhm quj njijräa paoar pmr dh affhöb. X shjdprj pmnäa vjbnjr jb j`
dmdjbtm.. Wmnäa aftuar fmb èxhtm,
dmdjbtm èxhtm , pmrquj dj dmväa
dmväa fmdm `as fjbtj``as
[pmnäa sjouhr dh sujrtj m fmrtar dh pèrnhna jb ub dmdjbtmT.
dmdjbt mT. A vjfjs,
pmr jejdp`m, jstaia sjourm nj quj uba affhöb sj dmvjräa, a` djbms, ub
pubtm. Iujbm, bm tuvj quj afaparar`m,
afapa rar`m, pmnäa suihr
suihr ub darojb
darojb nj ub
pubtm y nmi`ar dh nhbjrm jb ub pjrhqujtj;
pjrhqu jtj; m tmdar djnhm pub pubtm.
tm. Fmb fhjb
m nmsfhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs a` näa, jsm bm jstaräa da` a` lhba` nj` djs.
J` prmi`jda práfthfm fmbfmb jsj arrjo`m, pmr supujstm, ranhfaia jb quj, q uj,
aub fuabnm `a iufkjt scmp tuvhjra `ms rjfursms
rjfur sms sulhfhjbtjs par
paraa smpmrtar uba
pèrnhna orabnj, bm `m caräa. Bm tjbnräab a ub f`hjbtj quj quj tuvhjra j` da`da`
oustm nj oabar tmnm j` thjdpm.
Jb fua`quhjr fasm, `m quj jra ub shstjda pjrljft
pjrljftmm nj mpjrafhöb jb `as
iufkjt scmps bm lubfhmbaia
lubfhmbaia jb `a mlhfhba nj Lu``jrtmb. A`A``ä`ä jstaia vjbnhjb
vjbn hjb
nm y fmdprabnm
fmdprabnm rja`djbtj affhm affhmbjs.
bjs. J` prjfhm nj `a `a Vuoar jb `a fhbta
pmnräa sjr 17: y ym punj vjr quj sj afjrfaia uba faäna nj trjs pubtms.
 Nj cjfcm, jb j` dhsdm dmdjbtm jb quj j` thfkjt hdprhdäa 17: jb `a
fhbta, j` prjfhm rja` jb j` parquè nj `a Im`sa pmnräa sjr nj 17>
17> m 176. Jb
j` dmdjbtm jb quj dh mrnjb nj vjbnjr dh` parthfhpafhmbjs ``joö a `ms
cmdirjs nj Lu``jrtmb para sjr jejfutana,
jejfutana , j` prjfhm pmnräa sjr hbf`usm dás
iaem. Bm punj prjfhsar a quèquè prjfhm caiäa safanm dhs dh` parthfhpafhmbjs
parthfhpaf hmbjs
casta quj mituvj ub hblmrdj
hblmrdj nj` jdp`janm. Fuabnm cuihjra oabanm trjs
dh` fmb jb
fjbtavm `a uba
dhsda trabsaffhöb
lhrda
lhrda jb@öohfadjbtj,
nj `a Im`sa. uba iufkjt
@öohfa djbtj,scmp,cjpmnräa
dj cj bmjboabar
shtuanm ub
ub fasm

1< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jxtrjdm, pjrm `m fhjrtm js quj jb `a mlh
mlhfhba
fhba nj A.Y.
A.Y. Lu``jrtmb
Lu` `jrtmb `a fhbta dj
cai`aia shjdprj nj chstmrha abthoua, jb `m quj fmbfjrbäa a dh shstjda nj
mpjrafhöb, y bm luhshfmbsfhjbtj
X, njspuès, dh mrnjb njjraj``m.
`m iastabtj orabnj, dä prmpha vjbta
tjbnjräa a iaea
iaearr dá
dáss j` prjfhm.
prj fhm. Jb `a iufkjt scmp, ym bm bjfjshtaia cafjr
fá`fu`ms a jljftms
jljftms nj dh prmpha mpjrafhöb. Wjrn Wjrnää jb Bujva Xmrk pmrquj
pmrqu j
j` eujom jra nhljrjbtj. Bm luj luj j`
j` euoar
euo ar nj lmrda
lmrda `joäthda `m quj dj chzm
pjrnjr, shbm j` cjfcm nj euoar
eu oar nj lmrda hobmrabtj. Dj cab nhfcm quj smy
ub iujb `jftmr
`jftmr nj `a fhbta. Wjrm j` `jjr `a `a fhbta fmdm
fmdm ub jxpjrtm bm dj
sa`vö. Wmnräa caijr cjfcm ub bjomfhm dufcm djemr djemr sh ym
ym dhsdm cuihjra
jstanm jb j` parquè, sh cuihjra shnm ub mpjranmr nj `a sa`a. Njbtrm nj uba uba
du`thtun fmbfrjta, quhzá cuihjra anaptanm dh shstjda a `as fmbnhfhmbjs
quj sj jbfmbtraiab
jbfmbtraiab abtj dä. Wjrm, pmr njsfmbtanm, sh dj cuihjra
njnhfanm
j` shstjdaadjmpjrar nj `ala``anm
cuihjra dhsdahoua`djbtj,
lmrda
lmrda jb quj `m caom
njihnm acmra, nj
a` jljftm pmrdh
jejdp`m,
prmpha
mpjrafhöb jb `ms prjfhms.
Jb rjsudjb, bm fmbmfäa j` eujom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb nj affhmbjs.
Fmbmfäa uba partj nj è`, uba partj iastabtj hdpmrtabtj, quj dj ca shnm
shjdprj duy
duy va`hmsa. Wjrm,
Wjrm , sh fmb tmnm `m quj tjbäa, sjouäa pjrnhjbnm,
pjrnhjb nm,
½què pmshih`hnan thjbj j` njsfmbmfhnm nj oabar m, djemr, nj safar
ijbjlhfhms=
Bm tarnè dufcm jb nardj fujbta nj quj caiäa a`om quj bm lubfhm lubfhm
baia jb dh eujom,
eujo m, pjrm bm punj prjfhsar j` prmi`jda jxaftm. Caiäa vjfj vjfjss
jb quj dh shstjda lubfhmbaia a `a pjrljffhöb y njspuès, nj om`pj, dj
ap`astaiab uba y mtra vjz. Yjfujrnjb quj sö`m tjbäa vjhbthnös
vjhbthnö s añms; bm
js quj lujra tab jdpjfhbanm quj bm quhshjra saijr nöbnj jstaia dh
prmphm la``m, shbm quj a jsa jnan banhj saij dufcm y `a euvjbtun bm js
jxpjrhjbfha.
@a ojbtj nj `a mlhfhba sj pmrtö duy duy ihjb fmbdhom. Bm punj
apmstar a` dáxhdm njihnm a `as jxhojbfhas nj darojb, pjrm j` vhjem A.
Y. Lu``jrtmb y j` rjstm nj `a lhrda lujrmb tab adai`js fmbdhom quj, tras
sjhs djsjs nj mpjrafhöb afthva, bm sö`m pjrnä tmnm `m quj caiäa traänm y
tmnm `m quj caiäa oabanm, shbm quj hbf`usm njiäa a `a jdprjsa ubms
fuabtms fhjbtms nj nö`arjs.

sa`hnm Acä jstaia

nj fasa; ymsaiäa
pjrm
pjrm arruhbanm,
quj j`ub bhñm,
la``m bm práfthfadjbtj, qujjb
jstaia jb dä, sö`m bubfa caiäa
dh euj
eujom.
om.
Bm sè sh cj shnm f`arm, pjrm bubfa phjrnm `ms jstrhims pmr j` djrfanm nj

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj
nj affhmbjs 1?
va`mrjs.
va`mrj s. Bubfa nhsfutm fmb `a fhbta. Jxaspjrarsj jb j` djrfanm bm
fmbnufj a bhbouba partj.
^jbäa tabtas oabas nj rjabunar `a mpjrafhöb quj bm pjrnä bh ub
dhbutm, yjbnm a vjr a` vhjem Lu``jrtmb y nhfhèbnm`j5
" A.Y., prèstjdj quhbhjbtms nö`arjs."
"½Wara què=", nhem è`.
"^jbom quj nhspmbjr nj a`om nj nhbjrm."
"½Wara què=, prjoubtö mtra vjz.
"Wara darojb, pmr supujstm," nhej ym.
"½Quhbhjbtms nö`arjs="
nö`ar js=",, nhem lrubfhjbnm
lrubfhjbnm j` fjñm. "Xa saijs quj
jspjrab quj dabtjboas ub darojb nj` 17 pmr fhjbtm, y jsm shobh
lhfaa dh`
lhf dh` nö`arjs smirj fhjb
fhjb parthfhpaf
parth fhpafhmbjs
hmbjs.. Vjräa dufcm djemrdjemr
nartj ub frènhtm "
"Bm," nhej. "Bm quhjrm ub frènhtm aquä. Xa njim a`om a `a jd
prjsa. @m quj quhjrm js quj \n. dj prjstj quhbhjbtms nö`arjs para
sa`hr, fmbsjouhr ub faphta` y vm`vjr."
"½Födm vas a cafjr jsm=", prjoubtö j` vhjem A. Y.
"Mpjrarè jb uba iufkjt scmp," `j nhej.
"Mpjra aquä," nhem è`.
"Bm," rjspmbnä.
rjs pmbnä. "Bm
"Bm jstmy sjourm nj pmnjr oabar j` eujomeujo m jb jsta
mlhfhba, pjrm jstmy sjourm nj quj pujnm safar nhbjrm nj `a `ass iufkjt
scmps. Fmbmzfm j` eujom.
euj om. ^jbom uba uba `hojra bmfhöb nj saijr
saijr jb `m quj
dj jquhvmquè aquä.
Dj `m prjstö y sa`ä nj jsa mlhfhba
mlhfhba jb `a fua` j` "tjrrmr nj `as iufkjt
scmps," fmdm dj dj ``adaiab, caiäa pjrnhnm su lmrtuba.
lmrtuba. Bm pmnäa rjorjsar
a fasa
fasa pmrquj `as scmps quj a``ä caiäa bm afjptaräab dh bjomfhm.
bjomf hm. Bujva
Xmrk jra hdpmshi`j; bm sj cafäab bjomfhms jb jsj dmdjbtm.dmdjbtm . Dj nhfjb nhfjb
quj jb `ms añms 87, Irman Vtrjjt y Bjw Vtrjjt jstaiab ``jbas nj j``ms.
Wjrm bm caiäa
caiäa bhboubm fuabnm
fuabnm `ms`ms bjfjshtè. Asä quj, njspuès nj
psbsar`m,
psbsar `m, nurabtj ub thjdpm, njfhnä hrdjhrdj a V. @uhs. Caiäa
Caiäa mänm cai`ar
cai`ar nj
nms fmdpañäas quj chfhjrmb ub orab bjomfhm jb tmnm j` Dhnn`j _jst.
Vus ijbjlhfhms njijb
njijb caijr shnm
shnm jbmrdjs. ^jbäab sufursa`js jb nmfjbas
nj fhunanjs.
fhunanj s. Nj cjfcm, mä njfhr quj bm caiäa fmdpañäas jb j` Jstj quj
sj punhjrab fmdparar fmb j``as jb `m quj a vm`udjb nj bjomfhms sj
rjlhjrj. Andhbhstraiab `hirjdjbtj y `a djemr ojbtj mpjraia a``ä shb
bhboõb jsfrõpu`m.
jsfrõp u`m. Zb thpm dj nhem, hbf`usm, quj j` prmphjtarhm
prmphjt arhm nj uba nj
jsas fmdpañäas jra vhfjprjshnjbtj nj `a Fádara nj Fmdjrfhm, pjrm quj

13 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

bm punm caijr`m shnm jbjb V. @uhs.
@ uhs. Jb fua`quhjr fasm, acä js
js nmbnj luh
luh fmb
dhs quhbhjbtms
quhbhjb tms nö`arjs
nö` arjs a njvm`vjr uba apujsta
apujsta para usar fmdm
fmdm darojb jb
`a mlhfhba nj A. Y. Lu``jrtmb
Lu``jrt mb & Fm., dhjdirms nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk.
Fuabnm ``jouè a V. @uhs dj luh a` cmtj`, dj nufcè y sa`ä a iusfar
`as iufkjt scmps. Zba jra `a fmdpañäa E. O. Nm`ab, y `a mtra jra `a C.V.
^j``jr & Fm. Vaiäa quj pmnäa
pmnäa oabar`as. Hia a euoar duy
duy sjourm, fmb
fmb
fuhnanm y nj lmrda
lmrda fmbsjrvanmra.
fmbsjrvan mra. Dh õbhfm tjdmr jra
jra j` nj quj a`ouhjb
punhjra rjfmbmfjrdj y trahfhmbardj, ya quj tmnas `as iufkjt scmps nj`
paäs caiäab mänm cai`ar nj`
nj` "bhñm mpjranmr." Vmb ffmdm
mdm fasas nj eujoms
eujom s
quj sj jbtjrab nj` fmth``jm nj `ms prmljshmba`js.
@a fmdpañäa Nm`ab jstaia dás fjrfa quj `a ^j``jr, y a``ä luh jb
prhdjr `uoar. Jspjraia quj sj dj pjrdhthjra cafjr bjomfhms ubms
fuabtms näas abtjs nj njfhrdj quj dj luj
lujra
ra fmb
fmb dh mpjrafhöb a mtra partj.
part j.
Jbtrè.
Jbtr è. Jra
nmsfhjbt
nmsfhjbtas ub shthm orabnj
as pjrsmbas y ruhnmsm
dhrabnm lhead y njiäa
lheadjbtj
jbtj caijr,fhmbjs.
pmr `m. djbms,
`as fmthzafhmbjs
fmthza ubas
Dj a`jorè,
pmrquj jbtrj
jbtrj ta` du`thtun tjbäa dás pmshih`hnanjs nj pasar njsapjrfhihnm.
Dj qujnè nj phj y misjrvè j` pabj` y `as dhrè njspafhm casta quj j`joä
`a affhöb para dh eujom hbhfha`.
Dhrè a dh a`rjnjnmr y vh a` jdp`janm nj `as örnjbjs jb `a vjbtabh``a
nmbnj pmbjs tu nhbjrm y fmojs tu im`jtm.
im`j tm. Dj jstaia dhrabnm,
dhrabn m, asä quj luh
luh
cafha nmbnj jstaia è` y `j prjoubtj, "½js aquä nmbnj sj fmdjrfha fmb
a`omnöb y trhom="
"Vä, chem," nhem è`.
" ½Wujnm fmdprar ym tadihèb
tadihèb affhmbjs=
affhmbjs=""
"Wujnjs, sh nhspmbjs nj nhbjrm," dj fmbtjstö.
"Jsm
"J sm `m tjbom," nhej fmdm ub fchfm eaftabfhmsm.
eaftabfhms m.
"@m thjbjs, ½vjrnan=", nhem fmb uba smbrhsa.
"½Fuábtas affhmbjs pujnm fmdprar fmb fhjb nö`arjs=", prjoubtè
fmdm mljbnhnm.
 "Fhjb; sh thjbjs `ms fhjb."
"Fhjb;
"^jbom `ms fhjb. Vä; ¡y tadihèb
tadihèb nmsfhjbtms!",
nmsfhjbt ms!", `j fmbtjstè.
fmbtjs tè.
"¡Faradia!", nhem è`.
"Födprjdj nmsfhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs," nhej irusfadjbtj.
"½Nmsfhjbta
"½Nmsf hjbtass què=" prjoubtö, dmstrábnmsj sjrhm acmra.
acmra. Vj trata
ia nj bjomfhms.
Dhrè mtra vjz j` tai`öb fmdm para afjrtar y `j nhej5 "Nmsfhjbtas
Mdaca."

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjra
mpjranmr
nmr nj affhmbjs 18
"¡Nj afujrn
afujrnm!",
m!", nhem. Fmohö dh nhbjrm, `m fmbtö y jsfrhihö j`
im`jtm.
"½Födm tj ``adas=", dj prjoubtö, y ym rjspmbnä5 "Cmrafj Kjbt."
Dj nhm j` im`jtm y dj luh a sjbtardj jbtrj `ms f`hjbtjs jspjrabnm
a quj frjfhjra `a `hsta. Jdprjbnä uba ráphna affhöb y mpjrè varhas vjfjs
jsj näa y tadihèb a` näa shouhjbtj.
shouhjb tj. Jb nms näas oabè nms dh`dh` mfcmfhjbtms
nö`arjs,
nö`ar js, y jspjraia quj dj njea
njearab
rab afaiar `a sjdaba. A `a vj`mfhnan quj
hia, bm jstaräa tab da`. Njspuès dj njnhfaräa a `a mtra sc scmp
mp y, sh tjbäa
uba sujrtj parjfhna, rjorjsaräa a Bujva Xmrk fmb ub laem fmb j` quj
pmnräa cafjr a`om.
@a dañaba nj`nj` tjrfjr näa, fuabnm lluh
uh a `a vjbtabh``a,
vjbtabh ``a, para fmdprar
quhbhjbtas I.Y.^. j` jdp`janm dj nhem5 "Vr. Kjbt, j` ejlj njsja vjr`j."
"Vaiäa quj sj caiäa afaianm j` eujo
eujom.
m. Wjrm `j prjoubtè,
prjou btè, "½Wara què
njsja vjrdj="
"Bm `m sè."
"½Nöbnj
"½Nö bnj jstá=
jstá=""
"Jbb su mlhfhba prhvana
"J prhvana.. Jstá jb jsa nhrjffhöb." X sjña`ö cafha uba uba
pujrta.
Jbtrè. Nm`ab jstaia sjbtanm eubt eubtmm a su djsa. Vj vm`vhö irusfa
djbtj y nhem, "Vhèbtatj, @hvhbostmb."
Dj hbnhfö uba sh``a. Dh õ`thda jspjrabza sj njsvabjfhö. Bm sè födm
dj njsfuirhö; quhzá jb j` rjohstrm nj` cmtj`.
"½Wara què quhjrj vjrdj=", `j prjoubtè.
"Jsfufca,
"Jsfuf ca, dufcafcm. Bm tjbom bana fmbtra tä; ban banaa aism`utadjbtj,
½fmdprjbnjs="
"Bm, bm fmdprjbnm," fmbtjstè ym.
Vj `jvabtö
`jvabtö nj su sh``a
sh``a ohratmrha. Jra ub thpm jbmrdj. Dj nhem, "\jb
"\jb
aquä, @hvhbostmb,
@hv hbostmb,"" y lu
lujj cafha `a pujr
pujrta.
ta. @a airhö y dj sjña`ö a `ms f`hjbtjs
jb `a orab sa`a.
 ½@ms vjs= , dj prjoubtö.
"½\jr què="
"Jsmss thpms. Dära`ms, dufcafcm. ¡Cay
"Jsm ¡Cay trjsfhjbtms! ¡^rjsfhjbtms
¡^rjsfhjbtms
fcupmbjs!! Dj a`hdjbtab a dä y a dh ladh`ha.
fcupmbjs ladh`ha. ½@m vjs=¡^
vjs=¡^rjsfhjbt
rjsfhjbtms
ms
fcupmbjs!! @ujom ``joas y jb nms näas oabas dás nj `m quj ym safm nj `ms
fcupmbjs
trjsfhjbtms
trjsfhjbt ms jjbb nms sjdabas. ¡Js
¡Jsmm bm smb bjomfhm
bjomfhms,
s, fchfm-bm para
para dä! Bm
tjbom bana fmbtra tä. Fmoj `m quj thjbjs, pmrquj bm cay bana dás para
tä aquä!"

97 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"½Wmr què, ym="
"Js tmnm. Vè quj ``joastj abtjayjr, y bm dj oustö tu aspjftm. Jb
sjrh
sjrhm,
m,jña`ö
acä'-s
acä bm `ö
'-sjña dj a`oustö. ^j rjfmbmfä
jdp`janm fmdm
ffu`pai`j-"y ub
u`pai`j-"y jxpjrtm.què@`adè
pprjoubtè
rjoubtè a` thpm
caiäas thp m jsj njy
cjfcm;
fuabnm dj `m nhem, `j nhej a è`5 Bm dj ousta ousta jsj thpm. Js ub jxpjrtm!" X
jsj faijza cujfa näfj5 ¡Què nhfj, ejlj! Vj ``ada Cmrafj Kjbt y js ub
fchfm quj eujoa a afmstudirarsj a `ms pabta`mbj
pabta`mbjss `aroms. ¡Js iuj iujbb fchfm!
Iujbm, `j njearè sjouhr su fadhbm
fadhbm.. Jsj tmbtm dj fujsta nms dh` mfcmfhjb
mfcmfhjb
tms nö`arjs
nö` arjs.. Bm tj ouarnm rjbfmr pmr jsm jsm,, fchfm, pjrm `a ffaeaaea luj
lujrtj
rtj jstá
fjrrana para tä a fa` y fabtm."
"Dhrj" jdpjfè a njfhr.
"Dhratõ,
"Dh ratõ,@hvhb
@hvhbostmb
ostmb,"nhe
,"nhemè`.
mè`. "V
"Vèè ttmnm
mnm smirj
smirj tä. Xm oab
oabmm dh
dh nhbjrm
nhbjrm
fmohjbnmm `as apujstas nj `ms aprmvjfcanms
fmohjbn aprmvjfcanms,, y tõ bm phbtas ba bana
na aquä. \m\myy
a pmrtardj
pmrt ardj ihjb y tõ tj vas a hr fmb tmnm `m qu qujj cas lhsomb
lhsombjanm
janm nj bmsmtrms.
Wjrm sh tj pjrdhtm dás, jsm caräa nj dä tadihèb ub tmbtm, acmra quj ya
sè quhèb jjrjs.
rjs. ¡A
¡Asä
sä quj, dárfcatj, chem!
Njeè `a mlhfhba nj Nm`ab fmb dh ijbjlhfhm nj nms dh` mfcmfhjbtms
nö`arjs.
nö`a rjs. @a nj ^j``jr sj jbfmbtraia jjbb j` dhsdm dhsdm i`mquj.Xm caiäa
avjrhouanm quj ^j``jr jra ub cmdirj duy rhfm quj nhrhoäa tadihèb
dufcas sa`as
sa`as nj fmbsmrfhms. Njfhnä hr a su iufkj iufkjtt scmp. Dj prjoub
prjoubtaia
taia
sh sjräa prunjbtj jdpjzar nj lmrda dmnjrana y ``joar casta dh` nö`arjs,
m jdpjzar fmb uba apujsta dáxhda, iasábnmdj jb j` cjfcm nj quj
pmnräa bm sjr sjr fapaz nj mpjrar dás nj ub näa. J``ms sj vm`väa vm`väabb duy
prunjbtjs
prunjbt js fuabnm pjrnpjrnäab
äab,, y ym qujräa fmdprar dh` I.Y.^. Jstaia
sjourm nj quj quj pmnräa safar fuatrm m fhbfm pubtms nj j``a. Wjrm sh
smspjfcaiab m sh dufcms f`hjbtjs tjbäab jsa affhöb a frènhtm, punhjra sjr
quj bm dj njearab mpjrar. Wjbsè quj sjräa djem djemrr nnhlud
hludhbar
hbar dhs
mpjrafhmbjs a` prhbfhphm y fmdjbzar fmb pmfm.
J` `uoar bm jra tab orabnj fmdm j` nj N Nm`ab,
m`ab, pjrm `as hbsta`afhmbjs
jrab djemrjs y, jvhn
jvhnjbtj
jbtjdjbt
djbtj,j, `a du`thtun jra nj djemr f`asj. Jstm dj
vhbm nj pjrh``a y njfhnä fmdprar dhs dhs dh` I.Y.^. Asä quj lu luh cafha `a
vjbtabh``a fmrrjfta y nhej a` jdp`janm, "Dj oustaräa fmdprar a`oubas
I.Y.^. ½Fuá
½Fuá`` js j` `ädhtj="
"Bm cay `ädhtj
`ädhtj,"
," nhem j` jdp`janm. "Wujnj fmdprar tmnm `m quj
njsjj, shjdprj quj tjboa nhbjrm."
"Fmdprj quhbfj dh` parthfhpafhmbjs," nhej, y dj ``jvj `a dabm a`
im`sh``m dhjbtras j` jdp`janm jdpjzaia a jsfrhihr j` im`jtm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 91

Jb jsj
jsj hbstabtj vh a ub cmdirj pj`hrrmem qujquj apartö, fmb ub
jdpueöb,
jdpue öb, a` jdp`janm nj` dmstranmr. Vj apmyö a``ä y dj nhem, "@hvhbos-
tmb, vuj`vj a nmbnj jstá Nm`ab. Bm bms hbtjrjsab
hbtjrjsab tus
tus bjomfhms."
"Jspjra a quj fmbshoa dh im`jtm,"
im`jtm ," nhej ym. "Cj fmdpranm ubas
fuabtas I.Y.^."
"Bmm vas a tjbjr bhboõb im`jtm
"B im`jtm aquä," fmbtjstö è`. Jb jsj dmdjbtm,
vh quj mtrms jdp`janms
jdp`janms sj fm`mfaiab njtrás nj è` y d djj dhraiab. "Bm sj tj tj
mfurra vjbhr
vjbhr pmr aquä a mpjrar. Bm afjptadms
afjptadms tu bjomfhm. ½Jbthjbnjs="
Bm tjbäa sjbthnm vm`vjrsj
vm`vjrsj `mfm m hbtjbtar nhsfuthr, asä quj rjorjsè a`
cmtj`,`, paouè dh laftura y fmoä j` prhdjr trjb quj vm`väa a Bujva Xmrk. Jra
cmtj Jra
nurm.. Qujräa ``jvardj a`om nj nhbjrm y jsj ^j``jr bm dj njeaia
nurm njeaia cafjr
shquhjra uba mpjrafhöb.
Yjorjsè a Bujva Xmrk, paouè a Lu``jrtm
Lu``jrtmbb sus quhbhjbtms
quhbhjbtms,, y jdpjfè
a mpjrar mtra vjz
vjz fmb j` nhbjrm nj V. @uhs
@uhs.. ^uvj iujbas y da`as rafc
rafcas,
as, pjrm
dj hia iastabtj
m`vhnar; ihjb. Njspuès
sö`m fmdprjbnjr j` cjfcmnjnjtmnm,
tmnm
quj ,j`bmeujom
eujcaiäa
om njdufcm quj njihjra
`a jspjfu`afhöb nj
affhmbjs jbfjrraia
jbf jrraia dás nj `m quj ym frjäa abtjs nj hr a mpjrar a `a mlhfhba
nj Lu``jrtmb.
Lu``jrtm b. Xm jra fmdm ubm nj jsms alhfhmbanms a `ms `ms frufhoradas
frufhorad as quj
cafäa `ms nj`
nj` sup`jdjbtm nmdhbhfa`. Bm jstá sathsljfcm
sathsljfcm casta
casta quj bm `m
`mora. @öohfadjbtj, njsjaia jbfmbtrar `a rjspujsta a dh frufhorada.
frufhora da. Frjä
quj jstaia afaianm para `a mpjrafhöb jb `as `as iufkjt scmps.
scmps . Wjrm jstaia
jquhvmfanm.
Zb par nj djsjs njspuès nj rjorjsar a Bujva Xmrk, ub vhjem
fchsdmsm
fchsdm sm ``joö a `a mlhfhba nj Lu``jrtmb. Fmbmfäa a A.Y. A`ouhjb nhem nhem
quj jb thjdpms pmsjäab, adims, uba rjata nj faia``ms. Vj vjäa f`aradjb
tj quj caiäa
Jstaia vhvhnm
fmbtabnm thjdpms
a `a djemrjs.
du`thtun Dj prjsjbtarmb
a`om afjrfa a` vhjem
nj ub puñanm DfNjvhtt.
nj `anrmbjs nj
chpönrmdms nj` Mjstj quj afaiaiab nj oabar ub eujom nj phj`js jb V.
@uhs.. J` faijfh``a, nhem
@uhs nhem è`, jra prmphjtarhm nj uba sa`a
sa`a nj fmbsmrfhms, nj
bmdirj ^j``jr.
 "½Què ^j``jr=", `j prjoubtè.
"^j``jr;
"^j``jr; C.V. ^j``jr."
"Fmbmzfm a jsj
jsj páearm," nhej ym.
"Bm shrvj para bana," nhem DfNjvhtt.
"Wjmr aõb," fmbtjstè ym, "y ym tjbom ub pjqujñm asubtm quj tratar
fmb è`."
"½A què sj rjlhjrj="

99 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"@a õbhfa lmrda
lmrda nj pmnjr om`pjar a fua`quhjra nj `ms pjrnjnmrjs
a fmrtm
fmrtm js a travès nj su im`sh``m. Bm pujnm
pujnm tmfar`m acmra dhsdm jb V.
@uhs, pjrm a`oõb näa `m carè." X `j cai`è a DfNjvhtt nj dhs qujeas.
"Ihjb," nhem j` vhjem Daf, "è` hbtjbt
hbtjbtöö fmbjftar aqu
aquää jb Bujva Xmrk
pjrm bm punm cafjr`m, asä quj ca aihjrtm ub shthm jb Cmimkjb. Vj ca fmrrhnm
`a vmz nj quj bm jxhstj `ädhtj para j` eujom y quj su faphta` ca cjfcm quj
`a rmfa nj Ohira`tar sj njsvabjfhjra casta fmbvjrthrsj jb pu`oa".
"½Què thpm nj shthm js èsj=" Wjbsè quj sj rjljräa a `a sa`a nj
fmbsmrfhms.
"Zba iufkjt scmp," nhem DfNjvhtt
DfNjvhtt..
"½Jstá sjourm nj quj jstá
jstá aihjrta="
aihjrta ="
"Vä; cj vhstm a varhms thpms
thpms quj dj cab
cab cai`anm
cai`anm nj j``m."
"Jsmm sm
"Js smbb sö`m rudmrjs,"
rudmr js," nhej ym. "½Wmnräas avjrhouar pmsht
pmshthva
hva
djbtj "F`arm,
sh lubfhmba,
che m",y nhem
chem", tadihèb castat. fuábtm
DfNjvht
DfNjvhtt. pjrdhtjb
"Hrè dañaba pmra`aa`ouhjb
dañabampjrar="
y tj `m
nhrè."
Asä `m chzm. WarjfWarjfjj quj ^j``jr jstaia cafhjbnm ub bjomfhm
rjnmbnm y tmdaräa tmnm `m quj punhjra fmbsjouhr. Jstm mfurrhö ub
vhjrbjs. J` djrfanm caiäa jstanm suihjbnm jsa sjdaba-rjfujrnj
sjdaba-rjfu jrnj quj
jstm sufjnhö cafj vjhbtj añms, y jra fmsa sjoura quj `a fujbta iabfarha
dmstraraa j` sáianm ub orab nj
dmstrar njsfjbsm
sfjbsm jb `a rjsjrva nj jxfjnjbtjs. Jstm
sjräa `a jxfusa fmbvjbfhmba` quj caräa quj `ms mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a
sa`tarab a` djrfanm j hbtjbtarab safunhrsj nj a`oubas nj `as nèih`js
fujbtas nj fmdhshmbjs. Vj prmnufhräab `as `öohfas rjaffhmbjs jb `a
sjoubna djnha cmra nj `a mpjrafhöb, jspjfha`djbtj jb aquj``as affhmbjs
jb `as quj j` põi`hfm caiäa shnm duy afthvm. Èsas,Èsas , pmr supujstm, sjräab
tadihèb `as affhmbjs jb `as quj `ms f`hjbtjs nj ^j``jr jstaräab dás a `arom,
y `a iufkjt
iufkjt scmp pmnäa a`jorarsj sh vhjra a`ouba vjbta a` njsfu
njsfuihjrtm
ihjrtm.. Bm
cay bana tab aoranai`j fmdm fmojr pmr adims `anms a `ms aprmvjfcanms;
y bana tab láfh`, fmb dárojbjs nj ub pubtm.
 Jsj sáianm pmr `a dañaba dj prjfhphtè cafha Cmimkjb para hr a` `mfa`
nj ^j``jr. Caiäab afmbnhfhmbanm uba or orab
ab sa`a para ``ms
ms f`hjbtjs fmb uba
j`joabtj p`abth``a jbfaroana
jbfaroana nj `as fmthzafhmbjs y ub orupm fmdp`jtm nj
jdp`janmss y ub pm`hfäa jspjfh
jdp`janm jspjfha`
a` vjsthnm nj orhs. Caiäa a`rjnj
a`rjnjnmr
nmr nj
vjhbthfhbfm jdp`janms.
Dj pusj a cai`ar fmb j` ojrjbtj. Dj prjoubtö què pmnäa cafjr pmr
dä y `j nh
nhej
ej quj bana; quj ub thpm pmnäa oabar dufcm dás nhbjrm jb `a

Yjfujrnms nj u
ubb mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 96
phsta njihnm a `as pmshih`h
pmsh ih`hnanj
nanjss y `a `hijrtan nj apmstar tmnm tu faphta` y
oabar dh` jb fujsthöb nj dhbutms, jb `uoar nj pj``hzfar a`hdjbtm para
pm``ms jb affhmbjs y njihjbnm
njihjbn m jspjrar näas, quhzá. Jdpjzö a fmbtardj
jb què djnhna
djnhn a jra dás sjourm j` eujom
euj om nj` djrfanm nj va`mrj
va` mrjs,
s, y fuábtm
fuábt m
oabaiab a`oubms nj sus f`hjbtjs-cairäas pjbsanm quj jra ub mpjranmr
fmrrhjbtj j` quj caiäa fmdpranm y vjbnhnm tus affhmbjs jb `a Im`sa-y
födm, sh ub cmdirj sö`m mpjra lujrtjdjbtj pmnräa oabar `m sulhfhjbtj
fmdm para sathslafjr
sathslafjr a fua`quhjra.
fua`quh jra. È` njiäa caijr pjbsanm quj ym jstaia
a `a faijza nj a`ouba sa`a nj fmbsmrfhms
fmbsmrf hms y qujräa uba partj nj dh `hsta `hsta
abtjs nj quj `ms faia``ms sj `a fmdhjrab, ya quj è` nhem quj ym njijräa
nardjj prhsa pmrquj
nard pmrq uj j` djr
djrfan
fanmm fjrraia
fjrr aia a `as nmfj `ms
`ms sáianms.
sáian ms. Jstm dj
pjrdhthräa nhspmbjr nj `as tarnjs fmdp`jtas para njnhfardj a mtrms
asubtms.
asub tms. Wmnräa tjbjr uba `hsta daymr
day mr para ``jva
``jvardj
rdj a `a phsta
phsta,, sh ym j`joäa
`as affhmbjs anjfuanas.
@m dhrè fmdm sh bm `m cuihjra frjänm
frjänm,, y è` shouhö ``adábnmdj.
``adábn mdj. Xm
jstaia misjrva
mi sjrvabnm
bnm j` rj`me.
rj`me . A `as 1151: nhej, "nj afujrnm," y jdpjfè a nar`j
örnjbjss nj vjbta para varhas
örnjbj varha s affhmb
aff hmbjs.
js. Wusj nms dh` nö`arjs jb jljft
jljfthvm,
hvm, y
è` sj a`jorö dufcm nj mitjbj
mitjbjr`m
r`ms.
s. Dj nhem
nhem quj jspjraia quj oabar
oabaraa dufcm
dufc m
nhbjrm y jspjraia quj lujra a djbunm.
Vufjnhö ta` fmdm pjbsaia. @ms mpjranmrjs njf`ararmb hbsm`vjbtjs
`as affhmbjs jb `as quj frjäab quj njsfuirhräab `a daymr partj nj stmps y,
fmb tmna sjourhnan, `ms prjfhms rjsia`armb. Xm fjrrè dhs mpjrafhmbjs eustm
abtjs nj quj sj prmnuejra `a rjfupjrafhöb nj `ms fhbfm õ`thdms dhbutms
smirj j` fuirhdhjbtm bmrda` nj `ms mpjranmrjs.
\jbäab cafha dä fhbfm dh` fhjb nö`arjs.
nö`a rjs. Luh a cafjr`ms jljfthvms.
"Dj a`jorm nj caijr vjbhnm," nhej a` ojrjbtj, y `j nh dhs im`jtms.
"Dhra,"" dj nhem, "Bm tj puj
"Dhra, pujnm
nm nar tmnm.
tmnm . Bm jspjraia
jspj raia jstm.
jstm . ^j `m
trajrè a` `ubjs pmr `a dañaba, sjourm."
"Nj afujrnm. Wjrm prhdjrm
prhdj rm dj ``jvarè tmnm `m quj thjbjs jb `a fasa,"
`j fmbtj
fmbtjstè.
stè.
 "Njijs njeardj quj paoujpaou j a `ms pjqujñms,
pjqujñ ms,"" nhem
nhem è`. "^j njvm`vjrè
njvm` vjrè
`m quj pushstj,
pushstj , y tmnm `m quj qujnj"
quj nj".. Jspjra a quj caoa jljfthvms
jljft hvms `ms mtrms
im`jtms.
im`jtm s. Asä quj jspjrè casta quj paoö a `ms oabanmrj
oabanmrjs.s. Vaiäa quj dh nhbjrm
jstaiaa a sa`vm. ^j``jr
jstai ^j``j r bm jstalaräa a `a mlhfhba cafhjbnm
cafh jbnm tab iujb bjomfh
bjo mfhm.
m.
X sh asä `m chfhjra, ½què pmnäa cafjr ym apartj nj tmdar tmnm `m quj è` tjbäa
jb jsj dmdjbtm= Fmbsjouä
Fmbsjou ä dhs prmphms nms dh` nö`arjs eubtm eub tm fmb
fmb ubms
mfcmfhj
mfcm fhjbtm
btms,
s, anjdá
anjdás,
s, quj jra tmnm `m quj tjbäa jb `a mlhfhba. @j nhej quj

9> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jstaräa a``ä j` `ubjs pmr `a daña

dañaba.
ba. Dj eurö quj j` nhbjrm dj jstaräa
jspjrabnm.
@`jouè
@`j ouè a Cmi
Cmimkjb
mkjb j` `ub
`ubjs,
js, pmfm abtjs nj `as nmfj. \h a ub thpm
cai`abnm
cai` abnm fmb j` ojrjb
ojrjbtj
tj a` quj caiäa vhstm
vhs tm jb `a mlhfhba nj V. @uhs j` näa quj
^j``j r dj nhe
^j``jr nhemm quj rjorjsa
rjorjsarara a Nm`äa
Nm`äab.
b. Vupj hbdjnhbdjnhatad
hatadjbtj
jbtj quj j` ojrjbtj
caiäa tj`joralhanm a `a mlhfhba fjbtra` y èstms jbvharmb a ubm nj sus cmdirjs
para quj hbvjsthoar
hbvjsthoaraa `a chstmrha. @ms jstalanmrjs bm fmb fmbläab
läab jb banhj.
"\jbom a pmr dh nhbjnhbjrm,"
rm," nhej aa`` ojrjbtj
ojrjbtj..
"½Js èstj j` cmdirj=", prjoubtö j` thpm nj V. @uhs.
"Vä," nhem j` ojrjbtj, y safö nj su im`sh``m ub puñanm nj ih``jtjs
adarh``ms.
"¡Quhjtm!"`j nhem j` thpm nj V. @uhs y njsp njspuès
uès sj vm`vhö cafha dä,
@hvhbostmb, ½bm tj nhehdms quj bm bms hbtjrjsaiab tus bjomfhms="
"Nèdj prhdjrm
prhdj rm dh nhbj
nhbjrm,"
rm," `j nh
nhej
ej a` ojrjbtj,
ojrj btj, y èstj njsj
njsjdim`s
dim`söö dás
nj nms dh`, fuatrm nj quhbhjbtms y trjs nj fhjb.
"½Què cas nhfcm="
nhfcm= " `j nhej a` nj V. @uhs
@uhs..
"^j cjdms nhfcm quj bm qujrjdms quj mpjrjs aquä."
"Vä,"" nhej ym; "pmr jsm vhbj.
"Vä, vhbj.""
"Ihjb, bm vjboas dá dás.s. ¡vjtj! dj nhem oruñjb
oru ñjbnm.
nm. J` pm`hfäa
pm`hf äa nj orhs sj
afjrfö, fmdm
fm dm pmr fasua`h
fasua`hnan.
nan. J` nj V. @uhs aohtö su puñm fmbtra j` ojrjbtj
y orhtö5 "njijräas caijr`m saihnm djemr, imim, y bm njear quj sj djthjra
fmbthom. Js @hvhbostmb. ^jbäas örnjbjs."
"Jsfufca," nhej a` cmdirj nj V.@ V.@uhsuhs.. "Jstm bm js V.
V.@uh
@uhs.
s. Bm pujn
pujnjsjs
cafjr trufms aquä,
aquä , fm
fmdm
dm chzm tu ejlj fmb j` fchf fchfmm nj Ij`last."
"¡A`èeatj nj jsta mlhfhba! ¡Bm pujnjs mpjrar aquä!"aquä!",, orhtö.
"Vh bm pujnm
puj nm mpjrar
mpjra r aquä
aquä,, banhj `m va a cafjr,"
cafj r," `j nhej. "Aquä
"Aqu ä bm
pujnjs jsfapartj fmb jsm."
J` nj V. @uhs fadihö nj smbhqujtj hbdjnhatadjbtj.
"Dhra, vhjem," nhem, tmnm prjmfupanm
prjmf upanm.. "Cazbms ub lavmr. ¡V ¡Vèè
razmba
raz mbai`j!
i`j! Vaijs quj bm pmnjdms
pmnj dms aouab
aouabtar
tar jstm tmnms `ms näas.
näa s. J` vhjem va
 a narsj fmbtra `as parjn
parjnjs
js fuabnm sjpa quhèb jra. ¡^j¡^jbb ub pmfm nj
fmdpashöb, @hvhbostmb!
"Dj pmrtarè djemr," prmdjtä.
pr mdjtä.
"¡Yazmba!! Wmr j` admr nj Nhms
"¡Yazmba Nhms,, ¡dárfcatj! Nabms `a mpmrtubhnan
mpmrtub hnan

nj jdpjzar
jdpjza
"Bm rquhjrm
ihjb. tjbjr
Vmdm
Vmdmsbana
s bujvms
bujv ms vjr
quj aquä."
fmb jstj bjomfhm tmnmpmnjrmsm `a
pröxhda vjz quj vjboa," nhej, y `j njeè cai`abnm fmb j` ojrjbtj a uba

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9:

vj`mfhnan nj ub dh``öb
dh``öb pmr dhbutm. @js quhtè a`om nj nhbjrm pmr `a `a lmr
lmrda
da
jb quj dj tratarmb jb VV.. @uhs
@uhs.. Bm tjbäa sjbthnm afa`mrardj m hbtjbtar
fjrrar`ms.
fjrrar `ms. Yjorjsè a `a mlhf
mlhfhba
hba nj Lu``jrtmb y fmbtè a DfNjvhtt `m quj caiäa
sufjnhnm.
sufjnhn
`mfa` njm.^j``jr
Jbtmbfjs `j nhej quj
y fmdjbzara sh `j parjfäa
a mpjrar jb `mtjsih
ihjb
njjbvjhbtj
dj oustaräa
m trjhbtaquj lujra
lujra a`
parthfhpa
fhmbjs,
fhmbj s, para quj sj luj
lujrab
rab afmstudir
afmstudirabnmabnm a è`
è`.. Asä, a `a djbmr pmshih`hnan
quj vhjra nj `hdphar, `j ``adaräa pmr tj`èlmbm y è` pmnräa apmstar a`
dáxhdm.
@j nh a DfNjvhtt dh` nö`arjs y luj a Cmimkjb j chzm `m quj `j
mrnjbè. @`joö a sjr ubm nj `ms lhe lhems
ms a``ä. Asä, ub nä näaa fuabnm vh quj ssjj
aprmxhdaia uba ruptura, sj `m fmdubhquè a Daf y vjbnhö tmnm `m quj `j
pjrdhthjrmb. Oabè nms dh dh`` mfcmfhjbtms nö`arjs jsj näa, njspuès nj nar`j
a Daf su taeana
taeana y paoar ``ms
ms oas
oastms,
tms, y smspjfcm quj Daf chzm tadihèb, pmr
su fujbta, uba pjqujña apujsta. Jb djbms djbms nj ub djs, ^j``jr fjrrö su
sufursa`
va`hö nj Cmimkjb.
`a pjba, aub fuabnm@a pm`hfäa tuvmsö`m
ym mpjrara traiaem. X, nj fua`quhjr
nms vjfjs. lmrda,
Bms djthdms jb bm
jb ub
`mfm djrfanm a`fhsta fuabnm `as affhmbjs bm rjaffhmbarmb `m sulhfhjbtj
fmdm para safunhr hbf`usm `ms dárojbjs nj ub pubtm y, pmr supujstm,
tmnms `ms f`hjbtjs jrab a`fhstas y jstaiab oababnm y cafhjbnm uba
phrádhnj. DufcDufcasas thjbnas quj
qujirarmb
irarmb pmr
pmr tmnm j` paäs.
Vu eujom caiäa fadihanm. @a mpjrafhöb jb `as iufkjt scmps scmps abthfua
nas tjbäa vjbtaeas f`aras smirj `a jspjfu`afhöb jb `a mlhfhba nj ub aojbtj
afrjnhtanm.
afrjnhtan m. Wmr ub
ubaa razöb, j` fhjrrj autmdáthfm nj tu mpjraf
mpjrafhöb,
höb, fuabnm j`
darojb a`fabzaia j` pubtm nj aomta aomtadhjbtm,
dhjbtm, jra j` dje
djemr
mr thpm nj mrnjb nj
stmp.. Bm tj pmnäab f`avar dás nj `m qquj
stmp uj caiäas pujstm y bm caiäa pj`horm
a`oubm nj Jb
`m njdás. qujBujva
sj prmnuejrab
Xmrk `asjejfufhmbjs
jejfufhmbjs
iufkjt fmrrmdphnas
scmps nj `as
bm jrab bubfa tabörnjbjs,
`hijra`jsyfmb
tmnm
sus patrmbjs fmdm jb j` Mjstj. Aquä sm`äab `hdhtar j` pmshi`j ijbjlhfhm
smirj fhjrtas
fhjrtas affhmbjs casta nms pubtms. Jbtrj èstas sj jbfmbtra
jbfmbtraiab
iab `a
Vuoar y ^jbjssjj Fma` & Hrmb. Bm hdpmrta quj sj dmvhjrab nhjz pubtms
jb nhjz dhbutms; sö`m pmnäas cafjr nms jb ub im`jtm. J``ms pjb
pjbsaiab
saiab quj,
 nj `m fmbtrarhm, j` f`hjbtj
f`hjbtj fmbsjouäa njdashanas vjbtaeas; jstaia a`jrt
a`jrtaa
a pjrnjr ub
ub nö`ar y oabar nhjz. X cuim njspuès uba èpmfa jb `a quj `as
iufkjt scmps, hbf`uyjbnm `as dás orabnjs, sj bjoarmb a afjptar örnjbjs
smirj fhjrtas affhmbjs. Jb 1877, j` j` näa abtjrhmr a` nj `as j`jffhmbj
j`jffhmbjs,
s,
fuabnm jra hbjvhtai`j j` trhublm nj DfKäb`jy, bh uba iufkjt scm
scmpp nj` paäs
pjrdhthö a sus f`hjbtjs fmdprar affhmbjs. @a j`jffhöb lavmrj
lavmrjfäa
fäa pmr 6 a

9< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

1 a DfKhb`jy. Fmdprabnm affhmbjs j` `ubjs, oabaias nj trjs a sjhs

pubtms m dás. Zb cmdirj pmnäa apmstar
apmstar ppmr
mr Iryab
Iryab y fmdprar affhmbjs
asjourábnmsj nhbjrm. @as iuf
iufkjt
kjt sc
scmps
mps rjfcazarmb
rjfcazarmb örnjbjs tmnm jsj näa.
Vh bm cuihjra shnm pmr su rjfcazm a afjptar dh bjomfhm, bubfa
cairäa njean
njeanmm nj mpjrar fmb j``ms. X, jb jsj fasm, bubfa cuihjra
aprjbnhnm quj j` eujom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb jbfhjrra ub daymr shobhlhfanm
quj j` euoar pmr l`uftuafhmbjs nj ubms fuabtms pubtms.
 HHH
ZBM ^AYNA DZFCM
ZBM DZFCM ^HJDWM jb aprjbnjr `as `jffhmbjs `jf fhmbjs nj tmnms sus
jrrmrjs.
jrrmr js. Nhfjb quj tmnm thjbj nms `anms. Wjrm j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs sö`m
thjbj ubm; y bm sj trata nj` `anm a`fhsta m iaehsta, sh
shbm
bm nj` `anm fmrrjf
fmrrjftm.
tm. Dj
fmstö dás rjtjbjr jsj prhbfhphm ojbjra` lhrdjdjbtj jb dh djbtj quj `a
daymräa nj lrasjs
lrasjs dás tèfbhfas nj` eujom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb nj affhmbjs.
affhmb js.
Cj mänm cai`ar nj ojbtj quj sj nhvhjrtj cafhjbnm mpjrafhmbjs
hdaohbarhas jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs para njdmstrar, fmb nö`arjs hdaohba-
rhms , quj jstáb jb `m fhjrtm. A vjfjs jstms euoanmrjs
rhms, euoanmr js labtasdas oabab
oabab
dh``mbjs.
dh``m bjs. Js duy láfh` apmstar asä. Js fmdm `a vhjea chstmrha nj` cmdirj quj
hia a iathrsj jb nuj`m a` näa shouhjbtj.
Vu mpmbjbtj `j prjoubtö5 "½Jrjs ub iujb thranmr="
"Iujbm,"" nhem j` nuj`hsta5 "Wujnm
"Iujbm, "Wujnm nar`j a` phj nj uba fmpa nj vhbm
a vjhbtj pasms," y prjsjbtaia aspjftm nj dmnjstm.
"Jsm jstá duy
duy ihjb," nhem
nhem j` mpmbjbtj hdpashi`j. "Wjrm, ½pujnjs
rmdpjr j` phj fuabnm `a fmpa nj vhbm tj apubta nhrjftadjbtj a` fmrazöb fmb
uba phstm`a faroana="
Jb dä fasm,
fasm , njim lubnar
lubnar dhs mphbhmbjs jb dh nhbjrm.
nhbjrm . Dhs pèrnhnas
dj cab jbsjñanm a bm avabzar casta jstar sjourm nj quj tjbnrè quj rjtrm
fjnjr. Wjrm,
Wj rm, sh bm avabzm,
avabzm , bm dj dmvjrè. Bm quhjrm njfhr fmb jstm quj ub
cmdirj bmbm njij `hdhtar sus pèrnhnas fuabnm bm jstá jb `m fhjrtm.
fhjrtm . Njij
cafjr`m, pmr j` fmbtrarhm. Wjrm jstm bm a`hdjbtar
a`hdjbtaräa
äa `a hbnjfhshöb.
hbnjfhshöb. Cj
fmdjthnm jrrmrjs tmna dh vhna, pjrm a` pjrnjr nhbjrm cj oabanm jxpjrhjbfha
y cj afudu`anm dufcms
dufcms "Bmjs" va`hmsms.
va`hm sms. Cj jstanm shb ub fèbthdm varhas
vjfjs, pjrm dh pèrnhna
pèrnhna bubfa
bubfa ca shnm fmdp`jta. Nj `m fmbtrarhm, bm

9?

93 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jstaräa acmra aquä. Vhjdprj cj saihnm quj tjbnräa uba sjoubna mpmrtu
bhnan y quj bm fmdjtjräa nms vjfjs j` dhsdm jrrmr. Frjäa jb dä.
Zb cmdirj njij frjjr jb jb sä dhsdm
dhsdm y jb su euhfhm sh phjbsa oabarsj
`a vhna jb jstj eujom.
eujom . Wmr jsm js pmr `m quj bm frj
frjmm jb `as anvjrtjbfhas. Vh
fmdprm affhmbjs sjoõb
sjoõb ub prmbösthfm
prmbösth fm nj Vdhtc, njim vjbnjr`as pmr `a
dhsda razöb. Njpjbnm nj è`. Wjrm, ½què mfurrj sh Vdhtc jstá nj vafafhmbjs
fuabnm ``joa `a èpm
èpmfa
fa nj `a vjbta= Bm, sjñmr, banhj pujnj oabar dufcm
nhbjrm fmb `m quj `j nhfj mtra pjrsmba. Vè, pmr jxpjrhjbf
jxpjrhjbfha,
ha, quj banhj
pujnj nardj ub prmbösthfm, m uba sjrhj nj j``ms, quj dj caoab oabar
dás nhbjrm quj j` quj oabaräa fmb dh prmpha mphbhöb. ^arnè fhbfm añms
jb aprjbnjr
aprjbnjr a eu
euoar
oar nj lmrda `m iastabtj hbtj`hojbt
hbtj`hojbtjj fmdm para oabar
dufcm fuabnm ym tjbäa razöb.
Bm tuvj tabtas jxpjrhjbfhas hbtjrjsabtjs fmdm \n. prmiai`jdjb
tj phjbsa. Js njfhr, j` prmfjsm nj aprjbnjr a jspjfu`ar bm parjfj tab tab
nradáthfm vhstm a jsta nhstabfha.
nhstabfha . Dj qujnè shb
shb ub nurm varhas vjfjs
vjfjs,, y jstm
bubfa js
js aoranai`
aoranai`j,
j, pjrm dh lmrda nj pjrnjr nhbjrm js `a dhsda quj `a
nj ojbtj quj phjrnj nhbjrm y `m phjrnj jb _a`` Vtrjjt. @a jspjfu`afhöb
js ub bjomfhm nurm, y ub jspjfu`anmr njij jstar shjdprj traiaeabnm m,
nj `m fmbtrarhm, bm tjbnrá traiaem quj cafjr.
Dh tarja, fmdm njiäa caijr aprjbnhnm njspuès nj dhs prhdjras
rjsjrvas jb Lu``jrtmb, jra duy shdp`j5 vjr `a jspjfu`afhöb njsnj mtrm
ábou`m. Wjrm bm saiä
saiäaa quj j` eujom jbfjrraia dufcm dásdás nj `m quj punj
aprjbnjr jb `as iufkjt scmps
scmps.. A``ä frjä jstar
jstar iathjbnm a` eujo
eujomm fuabnm,
jb
djrja`hnan, a `m õbhfm
ca shnm duy quj`aiatäa
va`hmsa jra a ``a
caih`hnan a iufkjt
para `jjr scmp. A` quj
`a fhbta, dhsdm
`as thjdpm
thjdpm,
iufkjt,
scmps chfhjrmb quj sj njsarrm``ara jb dä, y `a lmrdafhöb nj dh djdmrha.
Bm dj fmstö
fmstö traiaem anquhrhr adias fmsas. @js njim a j``as, y bm a dh
fjrjirm m hbtj`hojbfha, dhs prhdjrms èèxhtmsxhtms fmdm mpjranmr, ya quj dh
djbtj bm jstaia jjejrfhtana
ejrfhtana y dh hobmrabfha jr jraa fm`ms
fm`msa`.
a`. J` euj
eujom
om dj
jbsjñö j`
j` eujo
eujom.
m. X bm jxfusö `a `a vara
vara dhjbt
dhjbtras
ras `m cafäa.
Yjfujrnm dh prhdjr näa jb Bujva XmrkXmrk.. Xa ms nhej födm `as iufkjt
scmps, bjoábnmsj a afjptar dh nhbjrm,
nhbjrm , dj ``jvarmb a iusfar uba fasa nj
fmdhshmbjs afrjnhtana.
afr jnhtana. Zbm nnjj `ms dufcafcms nj `a mlh mlhfhba
fhba jb `a quj
jbfmbtrè dh prhdjr
prhdjr traiaem, traiaea
traiaeaia
ia para `ms Carnhbo Irmtcjrs,
Irmtcjrs, dhjdirms
nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk. @`jouè a jsta fhunan pmr `a dañaba, y abtjs nj
`a uba jb pubtm caiäa aihjrtm ya uba fujbta ffmb
mb `a lhrda y jstaia `hstm para
mpjrar.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjra nmr nj affhmbjs 98
Bm cj jxp`hfanm `m batura` quj dj rjsu`taia mpjrar jxaftadjbtj
fmdm `m caiäa cjfcm jb `as iufkjt scmps, nmbnj tmnm `m quj cafäa jra
apmstar jb `as l`uftuafhmbjs
l`uftuafhmbjs y fmojr pjqujñms, pjrm sjourms, fadihm fadihmss jb `ms
prjfhms.
prjfh ms. Banhj sj mlrjfhö para sjña`ar `as nhljrjbfhas jsjbfha`js m pmbj pmbjrdj
rdj
jb `m fhjrtm. Vh a`ouhjb dj cuihjra nhfnhfcm
cm quj dh dètmnm bm lubfhmbaia,
lubfhmbaia, ym
cuihjra hbtjbtanm asjourardj
asjou rardj pmr dä dhsdm, pmrquj fuabnm bm tjbom razöb
sö`m uba
uba fmsa dj fmbvjbfj nj j``m, y js j` pjrnjr nhbjrm. nhbjr m. Jsm js jspjfu`ar.
Cuim dmdjbtms duy abhdanms pmr aquj``ms näas y j` djrfanm lu lujj
duy afthvm. Jstm shjdprj a`jora a ub thpm.thp m. Dj sjbtä hbdjnhatadjbtj fmdm
jb fasa. J` vhjem y ladh`har tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs jstaia nj`abtj nj dä,
cai`abnm jb uba `jboua quj ym caiäa aprjbnhnm abtjs nj fudp`hr `ms quhbfj
añms. Caiäa ub du dufcafcm
fcafcm cafhjbnm jxaftadjbtj `m dhsdm quj ym sm`äa
cafjr jb `a prhdj
prhdjra
ra mlh
mlhfhba
fhba jb `a quj traiaeè. A``ä jstai jstaiabab `ms f`hjbtjs-
j` dhsdm orupm nj shjdprj-dhrabnm a` tai`jrm t ai`jrm m nj phj a` `anm
`anm nj` im`jtm
orhtabnm `ms prjfhms
prjfhms y cai`abnm nj` djrfanm. @a daquhbarha jra, a` parjfjr,
`a dhsda a `a quj jstaia afmstudiranm. J` adihjbtj jra j` dhsdm quj caiäa
rjsphranm njsnj quj oabè, pmr pprhdjra
rhdjra vjz, dh nhbjrm jb j` djrfanm djrfanm nj
va`mrjs-6,19$
va`mrjs-6 ,19$ jb Iur`hbotmb. J` dhsdm thpm nnjj thfkjr y j` j` dhsdm
dhsdm thp
thpmm
nj mpjranmrjs y, pmr tabtmtabtm,, j` d
dhsdm
hsdm euj
eujom.
om. X, rjfujrnjb, sö`m tjbäa
vjhbthnös añms. Vupmbom quj frjäa fmbmfjr j` eujom eujo m nj `a A a `a U. ½X
pmr què bm caiäa nj sjr asä=
Misjrvè j` tai`jrm y vh a`om quj dj parjfhö iujbm. Vj jstaia fmd
pmrtabnm nj `a lmrda anjfuana. Fmdprè fhjb fhjb a 33>.
>. Dj sa`äa 3: jb
djbm
dj bmss nj uba cmra. Jbtmbfjs vh mtra fmsa quj d djj oustö tadihèb
tadihèb j chfj
chfj `m
dhsdm; tmdè trjs fuartms nj pubtm bjtms jb ub jspafhm nj thjdpm duy
irjvj. Jdpjfè ihjb, ½bm js asä=
Wrjstjb atjbfhöb a jstm5 jb dh prhdjr näa fmdm f`hjbtj nj uba Im`sa
afrjnhtana, y jb sö`m nms cmras,
cmr as, mpjrè jb dh` fhjbfhjb parthfhpafhmbjs nj uba
affhöb, sa`tabnm cafha njbtrm
njbtrm y cafha llujra.
ujra. X j` rjsu`tanm bjtm nj `as
mpjrafhmbjs nj` näa lulujj uba pèrnhna nj, jxaftadjbtj, dh` fhjb fhjb nö`arjs.
nö`arjs . M
 `m quj js `m dhsdm, jb dh prhdjr hbtjbtm fash `a dhtan nj dh apujsta sj
jsludö. Yjfujrnj quj a`oubas nj `as mpjrafhmbjs dmstrarmb ijbjlhfhms.
Wjrm ym dj njeè dh` fhjb nö`arjs jsj näa.
Bm dj prjmfupaia, pmrquj bm pjbsè quj j` jrrmr punhjra jstar jb dä.
Dhs dmvhdhjbtms jrab, tadihèb, `m iastabtj fmrrjftms, y sh cuihjra
jstan
jstanm
quj am `a
mpjrabnm jb dh`
par. Dhs `a vhjea
fhjbFmsdmpm`htab cuihjra rjsu`
nö`arjs njsvabjfhnmsrjsu`tanm
dj tanm aõb quj
nhejrmb djemr
`a

67 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

dáquhba bm jra fmdm njihjra sjr. Wjrm dhjbtras j` daquhbhsta jstuvhjra
ihjb, bm caiäa
caiäa bjfjshnan nj pasar apurms. @a hobmrabfha a `ms vjhbthnös
añms bm js ub njljftm jstruftura`.

aquä njWasanms ubms fuabtms

jsta dabjra. ¡J näas,
¡J`` thfkjr bm dj nhej
ayun
ayuna a dä njihjra!"
a fmdm
fmdm dhsdm5 "bm pujnm
Wjrm njeè mpjrar
quj sj
dmvhjra shb qujnardj shb bana. @m dabtuvj arrhia y tuvj iujbms y da`ms
näas,, casta qu
näas qujj dj qujnè `hdp
`hdphm.
hm. Luh a vjr a` vhjem Lu``jrtmb y `j chfj quj
apmstara pmr dä quhbhjbtms nö`arjs. X rjorjsè nj V. @uhs, fmdm ya nhej, fmb
j` nhbjrm quj saquè nj `as iufkjt scmps-eujom a` quj shjdprj pmnäa oabar. o abar.
Euouè fmb dás fuhnanm y mituvj djemrjs rjsu`tanms nurabtj ub
thjdpm.. ^ab prmbtm fmdm dhs fhrfubstabfhas djemrarmb, fmdjbfè a vhvhr
thjdpm
iastabtj ihjb. Chfj adh adhstanjs
stanjs y dj nhvjrtä dufcm. ^mnaväa bm ccaiäa aiäa
fudp`hnm `ms vjhbthtrès;
vjhbtht rès; fmdp`jt
fmdp`jtadjbtj
adjbtj sö`m jb Bujva Xmrk fmb nhbjrm
láf
láfh`
h` jb `ms
`a bujva im`sh``ms y `a fr
dáquhba. frjjbfha
jjbfha nj quj jstaia jdpjzabnm a fmdprjbnjr
Jstaia cafhjbnm fmbfjshmbjs
fmbfj shmbjs para `a jejfufhöb rja` nj dhs örnjbjs
jb j` parquè nj `a Im`sa y dmvhèbnmdj fmb dás fuhnanm. Wjrm sjouäa
anchrhèbnmdj
anchrhèb nmdj a `a fhbta, jstm js, hobmra
hobmraia
ia tmnavä
tmnaväaa `ms prhbfhphms ojbjra
`js; y dhjbtras asä `m chfhjra, bm pmnräa saijr `m quj la``aia jb dh
mpjrafhöb.
Bms anjbtradms jb j` orab immd nj 1871 y oabè dufcm nhbjrm,
js njfhr, para ub bhñ
bhñm.m. ½Yjfujrnab jsa èpmfa= @a prmspjrhnan nj` paäs
bm tjbäa prjf
prjfjnjb
jnjbtjs.
tjs. Bm sö`m bms anjbtradms jb uba jra nj fmbsm`hna
fhmbjs hbnustrha`js y fmdihbafhmbjs nj faphta` quj iathjrmb tmnm `m quj
caiäadms tjbhnm casta jsj dmdjbtm, shbm quj anjdás j` põi`hfm sj
vm`vhö `mfm pmr `as affhm
affhmbjs.
bjs. Cj mänm njfhr quj jb èpmfas abtjrhmrjs nj
aiubnabfha, _a`` Vtrjjt sm`äa eaftarsj nj nmsfhjbtas fhbfujbta dh`
parthfhpafhmbjs a` näa, fuabnm `as affhmbjs nj ub va`mr nj vjhbthfhbfm
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs a `a `a par fadihaiab nj dabms. Wjrm jb 18711871 tuvhdms
ub näa
näa nnjj tr
trjs
js dh``mbjs nnjj parthfhpafhmbjs. ^mnm j` dubnm jstaia
oababnm nhbjrm. @a du`thtun nj` afjrm ``joö a `a fhunan, uba cmrna nj
dh``mbarhms
dh``mbarh ms fm
fmbb bbmm dás aprjfhm nj` nhbjrm quj `ms darhbjrms ji jirhms
rhms.. J`
õbhfm euj
eujomom quj ``jsjs sathslafäa jr
jraa j` nj`
nj` djrfanm nj va`mrj
va`mrjs.
s. ^uvhdms
a`oubms nj `ms daymrjs "faphta`hstas" quj eadás tuvm `a "fa``j." Emcb _.
Oatjs, fmb lada nj "tj apujstm ub dh``öb," y sus adhoms, fmdm Emcb A.
Nrakj, @mya`
@mya` Vdht
Vdhtc, c, y njdás; `a du`thtu
du`thtunn nj Yjhns-@jjns-Dmmrj, quj
vjbnhö partj nj sus va`mrjs jb fartjra nj `ms afjrms y fmb `as oababfhas

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 61

fmdprö jb j` djrfanm aihjrtm `a daymräa rja` nj `as affhmbjs nj` orab
shstjda
shst jda nj Ymfk Hs`abn; y Vfcai y Lrhfk y Wch``hps
Wch`` hps y `a fadarh``a
fadar h``a nj
Whttsiuro; pmr bm bmdirar a `as vjhbtjbas nj cmdirj
cmdirjss quj qujnarmb

apartanmsapmstanmr
orabnjs pjrm
apm qujjs.jbZb
stanmrjs. fua`quhjr
thpm pmnäamtrmfmdprar
dmdjbtm cuihjrab
y vjbnjr tmnasshnm
`as ``adanms
affhmbjs
quj caiäa. Kjjbj chzm djrfanm
djrfa nm para `as parthfhpafhmbjs nj `a Z.V. Vtjj`.
Zb fmrrjnmr vjbnhö, jb fujsthöb nj dhbutms, fhjb dh` parthfhpafhmbjs,
¡luj
¡luj ub dmdjbtm daravh``msm!
daravh`` msm! X cuim tadihèb trhublms daravh``ms
darav h``msms.
ms.
¡X bm caiäa quj paoar hdpujstm
hdpu jstmss pmr `as vjbtas nj `as affhmb
aff hmbjs!
js! X bm sj
fa`fu`aia a mem.
Wmr supujstm, njspuès nj ub thjdpm, mä quj sj orhtarmb dufcas
fa`adhnanj
fa`ad hnanjss y `ms
`ms vhjems
vhjems aftmrjs
aftmr js nhejrmb quj
quj tmnms jxfjptm j``ms sj caiäab
vuj`tm `mfms. Xm saiäa, pmr supujstm,
supujs tm, quj njiäa
njiäa caijr ub `ädhtj a `ms
avabfjs y ub lhba` a `a fmdpra `mfa nj "Fua`quhjr fmsa vhjea", y dj chfj
iaehsta.
duy Wjrma, fana
njprhsa,
njprhs vjzpjrnhnm
cairäa quj vjbnä, pjrnä
pjrn ädás.
dufcm nhbj
nhbjrm,
rm,Iusquè
y sh bm uba
lujraruptura,
pmrquj
pmrqu j fmrrä
pjrm
euoa
eu oaia
ia sjou
sj ourm
rm oababnm nhbjrm fuabnm fmdprè y pjrnhjbnm fuabnm
vjbnä a` njsfuihjrtm nj lmrda quj bm jstaia ijbjlhfhábnmdj tabtm nj`
immd fmdm pjbsaräahs sh fmbshnjráhs `m lujrtjdjbtj quj sm`äa mpjrar,
aub shjbnm bhñm.
Caiäa uba affhöb jb `a quj bm jstaia a` njsfuihjrtm, `a Bmrtcjrb
Wafhlhf. Dh `jftura nj `a fhbta dj vhbm vhb m duy ihjb. Frjäa quj `a daymräa
daymr äa nj
`as affhmbjs
affhmb js sj caiäab fmdpranm
fmdp ranm jb ub pubtm
pubt m dujrt
duj rtm,
m, pjrm @htt`j Bhppjr sj
fmdpmrtö
fmdpmr tö fmdm sh lujrab
lujrab a suihr aõb dás. Vaijdms acmra quj `as `as fmdubj
fmdubjss
y `as prjljrjbtjs jstaiab shjbnm
shjb nm lujrtjdjbtj aismrihnas pmr `a fmdihbafhöb
Kucb-@mji-
Kucb- @mji-Carr
Carrhdab.
hdab. Xm jstaia a frènhtm nj dh` dh` parthfhpafhmbjs
parthfhpafhm bjs nj `as
fmdubjs nj `a Bmrtcjrb Wafhlhf y `as dabtuvj a pjsar nj tjbjr jb fmbtra a
tmna `a mlhfhba. Fuabnm ``joö a` 117, aprmxhdan aprm xhdanadjbt
adjbtj,j, tuvj ub
ijbjlhfhm
ijbjlh fhm nj trjhbta
trjhbt a pubtms
pub tms,, y `m aoarrè.
aoarrè . Jstm chzm quj dh ia`abfj
ia`ab fj jb `a
mlhfhba nj dh aojbtj nj Im`sa lujra nj fash fhbfujbta dh` nö`arjs, `a
daymr fabthnan nj nö`arjs
nö`ar js quj luh
luh fapaz nj afudu`ar
a fudu`ar casta jsj dmdjbtm.
dmdjbt m.
Bm jstaia tab da` para ub thpm quj caiäa pjrnhnm tmnms sus fjbtavms
mpjrabnm jb jsa dhsda mlhfhba ubms pmfms djsjs abtjs.
Vh rjfujrnab, `a du`thtun nj Carrhdab hblmrdö a Dmroab y Ch`` nj
su hbtjbfhöb nj jstar rjprjsjbtana jb `a fmdihbafhöb Iur`hbotmb-Orjat
Bmrtcjrb-Wafhlhf, y `a ojbtj nj Dmroab mrnjbö a Kjjbj fmdprar
fhbfujbta dh` parthfhpafhmbjs nj `a B.W. para dabtjbjr j` fmbtrm` njnj sus
sus

69 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

pmsjshmbjs. Cj mänm quj Kjjbj `j phnhö a Ym Ymijrt
ijrt Iaf
Iafmb
mb quj cchfhjra
hfhjra j`
jbfarom nj fhjbtm fhbfujbta dh` parthfhpafhmbjs y `ms iabqujrms asä `m
chfhjrmb. Jb fua`quhjr fasm, Kjjbj jbvhö a uubm bm nj sus aojbtjs nj Im`sa,
Jnnhj Bmrtmb, a `a du`thtun
du`thtun nj `a B.W. y fmdprö fhjb dh`
dh` parthfh
parthfhpafhm
pafhmbjs.
bjs.
Èsta vhbm sjouhna nj mtra mrnjb, frjm quj nj fhbfujbta dh` parthfhpafhm
bjs anhfhmba`js, y shouhö j` ladms
ladmsmm rhbföb. ^ras j` fhjrrj nj` djrfan
djrfanmm j`
3 nj Daym nj 1871 j` dubnm jbtjrm saiäa quj sj jstaia njsarrm``abnm
uba iata``a nj ohoabtjs lhbabfhjrms. Bubfa sj caiäab jblrjjblrjbtanm
btanm jb jstj
paäs nms fmdihbafhmbjs ta`js nj fapht
faphta`.
a`. Carrhdab lrjbt
lrjbtjj a Dmroab; uba
lujrza hrrjshsthi`j jblrjbtábnmsj a ub miejthvm hbadmvhi`j.
A``ä jstaia ym `a dañaba nj` bujvj nj Daym fmb fash fhbfujbta dh`
nö`arjs jb jljfthvm
jljfthvm y bhbouba affhöb. Fmdm ya `js fmbtè, ym caiäa shnm duy
iaehsta
iaehsta nurabtj a`oubms näas y aquä sj dj prprjsjbtaia,
jsjbtaia, pmr lhb, dh mpmrtubh
nan.
oaboasVaiäa `m h``msas.
darav quj as.
daravh``ms mfurrhräa-uba
Cairäa ububaruptura
a ráphnanj
njsaoranai`j
saoranai`j yynjspuès
rjfupjrafhöb orabnjsa`oubas
ijbjlh
fhms-para aquè``ms
aquè``ms quj caiäab fmohnm `as oaboas. Bm cafäa la` la`ta
ta sjr ub
Vcjr`mfk Cm`djs para avjrhouar`
avjrhouar`m.m. äiadms a tjbjr mpmrtubhnan nj fm
ojr`as,, bm sö`m para fmbsjouhr dufcm nhbjrm, shbm tadihèb
ojr`as tadihèb para mi mitjbjr
tjbjr
nhbjrm sjourm.
^mnm sufjnhö fmdm ym caiäa prjvhstm. Jstaia fmdp`jta
fmdp`jtadjbtj
djbtj jb `m
fhjrtm ¡pjrnä fana fjbtavm quj pmsjäa! Luh `hquhnanm pmr a`om pmfm
lrjfujbtj. Vh `m hbjspjranm bm mfurrhjra bubfa, bm cairäa nhljrjbfhas jbtrj
`as pjrsmbas
pjrsmbas y `a vhna farjfjräa nj nhvjrshöb. J` eujo eujomm sj fmbvjrthräa,
fmbvjrt hräa,
shdp`jdjbtj, jb ub asubtm nj sudasudarr y rjstar. Caräa nj bmsmtrms uba raz razaa nj
`hirjrms nj djbtj ap`hfana
ap`hfana.. @m quj njsarrm``a j` fjrjirm cudabm js `a
hbvjsthoafhöb. Wjbsan `m quj ccay ay quj ccafjr
afjr ppara
ara jstar jb `m fhjrtm.
fhjr tm.
J` djrfanm cjrväa, fmdm ym caiäa jspjranm. @as trabsaffhmbjs jrab
jbmrdjs y j` a`fabfj nj `as l`uftuafhmbjs farjfhö nj prjfjnjbtjs.
prjfjnjbtjs . Wusj
dufcass örnjbjs nj vjbta jb j` djrfanm. Fuabnm vh `ms prjfhms nj apjrtura,
dufca
tuvj ub ataquj
ataquj,, ya quj `as rupturas jr
jrab
ab cmrrhi`js.
cmrrhi`js . Dhs aojbtjs nj Im`saIm`sa
jstaiab traiaeabnm. Jrab tab fmdpjtjbtjs y fmbfhjbzunms fmdm fua`
quhjra; pjrm fuabnm jejfutarmb d
dhs
hs örnjbjs, `as affhmbjs caiäab suihn
suihnmm
vjhbtj pubtms dás. @a fhbta sj jbfmb
jbfmbtraia
traia a añms `uz nj` djrfanm
djrfanm y `ms
hblmrdjs tarnaiab jb prmnufhrsj njihnm a `a prhsa nj `ms bjomfhms.
Fuabnm
nhem quj avjrhoðè
j` prjfhm quj
jra, `as
pmraffhmbjs
jejdp`m quj mrnjbè
nj 177, y sjfmdprar
`hirarmbfuabnm `a fhbta
nj `as däas jb
37, cafhjbnm ub njsfjbsm tmta` nj trjhbta m fuarjbta pubtms njsnj j`

Yjfujrnms nj
n j ub m
mpjranmr
pjranmr nj affhmbjs
affhm bjs 66
fhjrrj nj `a bmfcj abtjrhmr, dj parjfhö quj jstaia safabnm njsfuihjrtms
a ub bhvj` quj chzm nj `as affhmbjs quj vjbnä `as dhsdas oaboas quj
caiäa p`abjanm fmdprar. J` djrfanm bm hia a fajr fajr casta ``joar a Fchba.
Asä quj njfhnä fuirhr dhs njsfuihjrtms y pmbjrdj a `arom.
Dhs aojbtjs nj im`sa
im`sa fmdprarmb; bm a` bhvj` quj dj cuih cuihjra
jra
cjfcm vm`vjrdj, shbm a `ms prjfhms quj prjnmdhbaiab fuabnm `ms
cmdirjs nj` parquè rjfmohjrmb dhs örnjbj örnjbjs.s. Waoarmb ubms quhbfj
pubtms dás nj quj `m quj ym caiäa fa`fu`anm. Zba pè pèrnhna
rnhna nj trjh
trjhbta
bta y
fhbfm pubtms jb ub näa jra dás nj `m quj fua`quhjra pmnräa smpmrtar.
J` thfkjr dj oabö a` rjtrasarsj tabtm fmb
fmb rjspjftm a` djrfanm. Dj
afmstudirè a fmbshnjrar `a fhbta fmdm a` pjqujñm djemr adhom quj
tjbäa, ya quj apmstaia
apmstaia sjoõb `m quj aquè` dj njfäa. Wjrm jsta vjz vjz `a fhbta
dj trahfhm
trahfhmbö.
bö. @a nhvjrojbfha jbtrj `ms `ms prjfhms hdprjsms y rja`js dj
abu`ö. Luj `a sui`hdafhöb nj dhs lrafasms
lrafasms abtjrhmrjs,
abtjrhmr js, `m dhsdm prjfh
sadjbtj qujquj dj caiäa iathnm jb ub prhbfhphm.
prhbfhp hm. Cmy
Cmy parjfj tab mivhm quj
`a `jftura nj `a fhbta bm js sulhfhjbtj, hbnjpjbnhjbtjdjbtj
hbn jpjbnhjbtjdjbtj nj `a jejfufhö
jejfufhöbb
nj `ms aojbtjs nj Im`sa, quj dj prjoubtm pmr què bm dj nh fujbta nj dh
prmi`jda y nj su rjdjnhm.
@m quj chfj luj
luj pjmr quj jsm; sjouä mpjrabnm,
mpjrab nm, njbtrm y lujra, sh
shbb
tjbjr jb fujbta `a jejfufhöb. Fmdm pujnjb
pujnjb vjr, bm pmnäa mpjrar bubfa fmb
ub `ädhtj.
`ädht j. ^jbäa quj tmdar dhs pmfas mpmrtubhnanjs fmb j` djrfanm. Jsm
js `m quj hbtjbtaia iathr, j` djrfanm, bm j` prjfhm fmbfrjtm. Fuabnm frjm
quj dj fmbvhjbj vjbnjr, vjbnm. Fuabnm phjbsm quj quj `as affhmbjs vab a
suihr, fmdprm. Dh ancjshöb a jsj prhbfhphm ojbjra` nj `a jspjfu`afhöb
dj sa`vö. Caijr mpjranm fmb prjfhms `hdhtanms cuihjra shnm, shdp`j
djbtj,
para sjrdhusanm
vhjemjb
dètmnm nj iufkjt
uba mlhfhba scmp anaptanm
afrjnhtana njs lmrda
nj aojbtjs
aojbtj hbsulhfhjbtj
nj Im`sa. Bubfa
cairäa aprjbnhnm `m quj js `a jspjfu`afhöb, shbm quj cuihjra sjouhnm
apmstabnm jb `m quj jra, sjoõb dj njfäa dh `hdhtana jxpjrhjbfha, uba
fmsa sjoura.
 Vhjdprj quj hbtjbtè `hdhtar `ms prjfhms para `hdhtar `ms hbfmbvj
bhjbtjs nj mpjrafhöb jb j` djrfanm fuabnm j` thfkjr sj rjtrasaia, dj nh
fujbta nj quj j` djrfanm sj dj jsfapaia. Jstm sufjnäa tab
tab a djbunm quj
quj
njeè nj hbtjbtar`m. Bm pujnm njfhrms födm dj ``jvö tabtm thjdpm
aprjbnjr quj jb vjz nj fm`mfar apujstas nhdhbutas jb `m quj hiab a sjr
`as fmthzafhmbjs shouhjbtjs, dh eujom fmbshstäa jb abthfhpar `m quj hia a
mfurrhr a orab jsfa`a.

6> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Njspuès nj dh fmbtrathjdpm nj` bujvj nj Daym, sjouä traiaeab
nm, usabnm ub dètmnm dmnhlhfanm
dmnhlhfanm aubquj tmnaväa njljftumsm. Vh bm
cuihjra oabanm a vjfjs nhbjrm, cairäa anquhrhnm dás ráphnadjbtj
saihnuräa njvhvhr
pjrdhthrdj djrfanm.
djrfanm
ihjb.. Wjrm jstaia oababnm
Dj oustaiab `m sulhfhjbtj
`ms adhoms fmdmAquj`
y nhslrutar. para
vjrabm vhvä jb `a fmsta nj Ejrsjy, a` houa` quj fhjbtms nj cmdirjs
pröspjrms nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Dhs oababfhas bm iastaiab par paraa fmdpjbsar
dhs pèrnhnas y oastms.
Bm sjouä mpjrabnm jb jb `a lm
lmrd
rdaa tjrfa jb quj `m chfj abtjrhmrdjbt
abtjrhmrdjbtj. j.
Vhdp`jdjbtj, jra hbfapaz nj p`abtjardj dh prmphm prmi` prmi`jda
jda y, pmr supujs
tm, jra hdpmshi`j hbtjbtar rjsm`vjr`m. Cai`m fmbstabtjdjbtj nj jstj asubtm
para dmstrar `m quj tuvj quj panjfjr abtjs nj ``joar a ub shthm jb j` quj
punhjra rja`djbtj oabar nhbjrm.
n hbjrm. Dh vhjea jsfmpjta y j` nhsparm nj `a II bm
pmnräab cafjr j` traiaem
traiaem nj ub rhl`j nj rjpjthfhöb lrjbtj a jstj orab euj eujom
om..
A prhbfhphms nj jsj mtmñm bm sö`m dj `hquhnarmb, shbm quj jstaia
tab fabsanm, nj ub euj
eujom
om a` quj bm pm pmnäa
näa iathr, quj njfhnä njea
njearr Bujva
Xmrkk j hbtjbtar mtra fmsa jb a`oõb mtrm shthm. Caiäa jstanm mpjrabnm
Xmr
njsnj quj tjbäa fatmrfj añms. Caiäa oabanm d dhs
hs prhdjrms dh` nnö`arjs
ö`arjs
fuabnm jra ub fcava` nj quhbfj, y dhs prhdjrms nhjz dh` fuabnm tjbäa
vjhbthubm.
vjhbt hubm. Caiäa oabanm y pjrnhnm ub ubaa apujsta nj nhjz dh` nö`arjs jb
dás nj uba mfashöb. Jb Bujv
Bujvaa Xmrk caiäa oab oabanm
anm dh`js nj nö`arjs y `ms
caiäa pjrnhnm. Fmbsjouä ``joar casta `m `mss fhbfujbta dh` nö`arjs y nms näas
njspuès njsaparjfhjrmb.
njsaparjfhjr mb. Bm tjbäa mtrm bjomfhm y bm fmbmfäa mtrm euj eujom.
om.
Njspuès nj varhms añms, rjorjsaia a nmbnj fmdjbfè. Bm, pjmr quj jsm,
ya quj caiäa anquhrhnm cáihtms y ub jsth`m nj vhna quj jxhoäab nhbjrm;
aubquj jstm bm dj prjmfupaia tabtm fmdm j` cjfcm nj jstar jquhvmfanm
tabtas vjfjs.
 H\
IZJBM,
sö`m DJ DAYFCÈ
uba dhshöb DAY FCÈ
jb `a A yFAVA.
vhna, èsta jraWjrm bana dás
fmbsjouhr uba``joar,
``joar , saiäa
apujsta quj tjbäaa
y rjorjsar
_a`` Vtrjjt. Jstj jra j` õbhfm `uoar jb j` paäs jb j` qu qujj pmnäa mpjrar fmfmbb
lujrza.
lujrza. A`oõb näa, fuabnm dh eujom lu lujr
jraa fmrrjftm,
fmrrj ftm, bjfjshtaräa ub `uoar asä.
Fuabnm ub cmdirj jstá jb `m fhjrtm, quhjrj fmojr tmnm `m quj sj `j mlrjfj
pmr tjbjr, prjfhsadjbtj, razöb.
Bm tjbäa dufcas jspjrabzas
jspjrabzas pjrm njsjaia, pmr njsfmbtanm, djtjrdj
nj bujvm jb `as
`as iufkjt scmps. Caiäa djbms
djbms y a`oubas nj j``as `as nhrhoäab
jxtrabejrms.
jxtrabejr ms. Aquè``ms quj sj afmrnaiab nj dä bm dj nhjrmb uba mpmrtubh
nan nj dmstrar`js sh caiäa rjorjsanm
rjorjs anm fmdm mpjranmr m bm. @js fmbtè `a
vjrnan, quj caiäa pjrnhnm jb Bujva Xmrk tmnm tmnm `m quj tjbäa jb fasa; quj bm
saiäa tabtm
punhjra fmd
fmdm
sjr ub m frjäa
iujb saijr;fmdm
bjomfhm y quj bmnjeardj
para caiäa razöb a`ouba fmb
quj mpjrara pmr j``ms.
`a
`a fua`
j``ms bm
. Wjrm
bm `m chfhjrmb. X `ms shthms bujvms bm jrab lhai`js.
lhai`js. Vus prmphjtarhms frjäab
quj vjhbtj parthfhpafhmbjs jra tabtm fmdm ub faia``jrm pmnäa fmdprar sh
tjbäa razmbjs para smspjfcar quj hia a afjrtar.
 Bjfjshtaia j` nhbjrm y `as iufkjt scmps jstaiab fmbshouhjbnm,
orafhas a sus f`hjbtjs rjou`arjs, orab
orab fabthnan nj è`. Fmbsjouä quj ub adhom
däm sj djthjra jb fhjrta mlhfhb
mlhfhbaa y mpjrara.
mpjrara . Luh para jfcar`js ub vhstazm.
vhstaz m.
Hbtjbtè fmbsjouhr quj j` jbfaroanm nj `as örnjbjs afjptara uba mrnjb
pjqujña, aubquj sö`m lujra
lujra nj fhbfujbta parthfhpafhmbjs.
parthfhpafhm bjs. Nhem
Nhem bm, pmr
pmr
supujstm. Caiäa
C aiäa nhspujstm ub fönhom fmb jstj adhom para quj fmdprara m
vjbnhjra fuabnm y `m quj ym `j mrnjbara. Wjrm jstm sö`m chzm quj lu lujra
jra pab
pab

6:

6< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fmdhnm. @a mmlhfhb
lhfhbaa jdpjzö a qujearsj nj ``as
as örnjbjs nnjj dh adhom. A`
lhba`, hbtjbtö ub näa vjbnjr fhjb nj `a Vt. Wau` y `j fjrrarmb.
Bms jbtjradms, njspuès, quj ubm nj `ms f`hjbtjs bms vhm lujra
cai`abnm eubtms
eubtm s y jbtrö y `m fmbtö jb `a mlhfhba, y fuabnm dh adhom lujluj a
nmbnj sj jbfmbtraia j` jdp`janm nj `as örnjbjs para vjbnjr jsas fhjb nj Vt.
Wau` j` thpm nhem5
"Bmm afjptadms bhbouba mrnjb nj vjbta jb `a Vt. Wau`, bm nj tä."
"B
"½Wmr què= ½Què sufjnj Emj=" , prjoubtö dh adhom.
"½Bmm va`j jsj nhbjrm= Dära`m mtra vjz. Jstá tmn
"½B tmnmm a``ä."
X dh adhom pasö pmr a`tm `as fhjb-dhs fhjb-jb ih``jtjs nj nhjz.
Hbtjbtö dmstrarsj hbnhobanm, pjrm ym parjfäa njsprjmfupa
njsprjmfupanm; nm; pjrm `a
daymräa nj `ms f`hjbtjs sj jstaiab afjrfabnm a `ms fmdiathjbtjs, fmdm
cafäab shjdprj
shjdprj quj sj nhsfutäa m sj prmnufäa j` djbmr hbnhfhm nj rhña jbtrj
`a scmp
para y a`oõb
pmnjr jstarf`hjbtj.
a` tabtm½nj Qujräab jstar a`njtabtm
`a sm`vjbfha nj `ms dèrhtms nj` fasm
`a fmdpañäa=
J` jdp`janm, Emj,
E mj, quj jra uba jspjfhj nj suinhrjftmr, sa`hö nj njtrás
nj su eau`a, luj cafha nmbnj sj jbfmbtraia dh adhom, `m dhrö y `ujom dj
dhrö a dä.
"^hjbj orafha," nhem njspa
njspafhm
fhm'"j
'"jss du
duyy orafhmsm quj bm caoas bubfa
banaa aquä fuabnm tu ad
ban adhom
hom @hvhbostmb bm aparjfj pmr aquä. ^j shjbtas y
dhras a` tai`jrm fana cmra. Bubfa uba mejana. Wjrm fuabnm ``joa è`, tj
vuj`vjs nj rjpjbtj d duyuy mfupanm. Quhza jstás aftuabnm tõ sm`m; pjrm
bubfa dás
dás jb jsta mlhfhba. Bm bms bms njeadms jboañar pmr @hvhbostmb
fuabnm tj jstá smp`abnm f`abnjsthbadjbtj. "
Jsm njtuvm dh ijbjlhfhm. Wjrm ym caiäa oabanm dás dás nj `m quj
caiäa oastanm y dj prjoubtaia födm pmnräa jdp`jar`m, ya quj `a
bjfjshnan nj oabar nhbjrm sulhfhjbtj fmb j` quj hrdj a Bujva Xmrk jra
dás urojbtj quj bubfa.
bubfa. Wrjsjbtä quj pmnräa cafjr`m djemr `a vjz
shouhjbtj. Caiäa tjbhnm thjdpm
thjdpm nj pjbsar rjpmsanadjbtj jb a`oubas nj
dhs tmbtas euoana
euoanas;
s; y tmnm sj vj dje djemr
mr fuabnm sj vvjj a nhstabfha. J`
prmi`jda hbdjnhatm jra j` nj cafjr uba bujva apujsta.
Zb näa dj jbfmbtraia jb j` rjfhihnmr nj ub iujb cmtj`, cai`abnm
fmb a`oubms thpms quj fmbmfäa, pmr rjljrjbfha, quj jrab mpjranmrjs
iastabtj lujrtjs. ^mnm j` dubnm cai`aia nj` djrfanm nj va`mr
va`mrjs.
js. Xm
nhe
nhej
sj jmithjbj
quj banhj
nj pmnäa oabar j`njeujo
`ms aojbtjs eujomm njihnm
Im`sa, smirja `a jejfufhöb
tmnm fuabnmfmrrmdphna
mpjraia jbquj
j`
djrfanm, fmdm chfj ym.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mp jranmr nj affhmbjs 6?
A ubm nj `ms thpms `j chrhö jstm y dj prjoubtö a què aojbtjs
fmbfrjtms dj rjljräa.
Nhej ym5 "@ms djemrjs nj` paäs," y prjoubtö quhjbjs pmnäab sjr.
Vaiäa quj bm hi
hiaa a frjjr
frjjrsj
sj quj cuihjra mpjran
mpjranmm fmb fasas nj prhdj
prhdjrara f`asj.
Wjrm fmbtjstè5 "Dj rjlhjrm a fua`quhjr dhjdirm nj `a Im`sa nj
Bujva Xmrk. Bm js quj sjab pmfm `hdphms m njsfu njsfuhnanm
hnanms,s, pjrm fuabnm
a`ouhjb na uba mrnjb para fmdpra
fmdprarr jb j` djrfa
djrfanm,
nm, bubf
bubfaa saij `m quj jsas
affhmbjs vab afmsta
afmstar`j
r`j casta quj mithjbj ub hblmrdj nj sus aojbtjs. Cay
dás dmvhdhjb
dmvh dhjbtms
tms nj ubm m nms pubtms quj nj nhjz m quhbquhbfj.
fj. Wjrm j` quj
mpjra njsnj lujra bm pujnj fmojr `as pjqujñas suihnas m iaeanas njihnm a
`a jejfufhöb. Wrjljrhräa mpjrar jb uba iufkjiufkjtt scmp fua`qu
fua`quhjr
hjr näa nj `a
sjdaba, sh pjrdhthjrab a ub thpm mpjrar a orab jsfa`a."
Bubfa caiäa vhstm a` cmdirj quj sj caiäa nhrhohnm a dä. Vj
``adaia Ymijrts. Warjfäa adhstmsm. Dj apartö cafha ub `anm y dj
prjoubtm
bm
bm.. Nhem shquj
caiäa mpjranm
fmbmfäa a`ouba
a`oubas vjzdhjdi
fasas jb a`ouba
dhjdirms mtra`a Im`sa,
rms nj Im`sa ynj``j a`omnöb,
nhej quj
nj `a Im`sa nj prm
prmnuft
nuftms
ms y nj `as Im`sa
Im`sass dás pjq
pjqujñ
ujñas.
as. Jstas lhrdas
jdp`jaiab j` dáxhdm fuhnanm y prjstaiab jspjfha` atjbfhöb a `as
jejfufhmbjs
jejfu fhmbjs.. È` nhem tadihè
tadihèbb quj tjbäa fmbjx
fmbjxhmbjs
hmbjs fmblhnjbfha`js fmb
`as fasas daymrj
day mrjss y nj dás prjst
prjsthohm
hohm nj `a Im`sa nj Bujv
Bujvaa Xmrk y a travè
travèss
nj su atraffhöb pjrsmba` y nj oarabthzar ub bjomfhm nj fhjbtms nj dh`js
nj parthfhpafhmbjs a` djs, mitjbäab ub sjrvhfhm dufcm djemr quj j` quj
fua`quhjr f`hjbtj punhjra `morar.
"Athjbnjb nj vjrnan a` pjquj
pjqujñm
ñm f`hjbtj," nhem. "Jstáb
"Jstáb jspjfha`hza
nms jb bjomfhms nj lujra nj `a fhunan y sj dm`jstab houa` pmr uba mrnjb
nj nhjz
nhjz parthfhpafhmbjs quj pmr uba nj dh`. Vmb duy fmdpjtjb
cmbranms." fmdpjtjbtjstjs y
"Vä. Wjrm sh paoab a `a Im`sa `a mftav
mftavaa fmdhsh
fmdhshöb
öb rjou
rjou`ar,
`ar, ½nöbn
½nöbnjj
jbtrab="
"Iujbm,
"Iuj bm, sj supmbj quj njijb paoar `a mftava. Wjrm ¡ya saij saijs!",
s!",
y dj chzm ub ouhñm.
 "Vä". Nhej ym. "Wjrm `m quj bm caräa uba fmdp
fmdpañäa
añäa nj `a Im`sa sjräa
nhvhnhr fmdhsh
fmdhshmbjs.
mbjs. @ms omijrbanmr
omijrbanmrjsjs prjljrhräab quj ub dhjdirm fmdj
thjsj suhfhnhm, ihoadha m prmvmfasj ub hbfjbnhm abtjs quj cafjr bjomfhm
para `ms nj lujra pmr djbms nj `a fmdhshöb nj ub mftavm autmrhzana pmr
`a `jy eu
eunäa
näa.. @a vhna dhsda nj `a Im`sa sj lubna jb `a bm vhm`a
vhm`afhöb
fhöb nj
jsa sm`a `jy."

63 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Njiäa caijrsj nanm fujbta nj quj ym caiäa cai`anm fmb ojbtj nj

`a Im`sa, ya quj nhem, ¡Jsfufca! Nj vjz jb fuabnm uba nj jsas Im`sas
phanmsas js suspjbnhna nurabtj ub añm pmr vhm`ar jsa rjo`a, ½bm js
vjrnan
vjrnan= = Cay nhvjrsas
È` prmiai`jdjbtj nhvjrsvhjra
as lmrdas nj rjiathr
rjiat hrjbpara
hbfrjnu`hnan dhquj banhj pmrquj
rmstrm, sj puj
pujna
nafmbthbuö
qujear.
nhfhjbnm5
nhfh jbnm5 "X, anjdás,
anjdá s, jb fhjrtms thpms nj bjomfhms bmsmtrms
bmsmt rms dj rjlhjrm a
jstas fasas faro
faroab
ab ub jxtra nj trjhbta y nms, anjdás anjd ás nj `a mftava.
mfta va. Vj
pmrtab duy ihjb fmb jsm. Bubfa faroab faroab `a fmdhshöb
fmdhs höb jxtra jxfjptm jb
raras mfashmbjs,
mfashmbj s, y sö`m sh j` f`hjbtj thjbj uba fujbta hbafthva. Xa saijs,
bm `js tjbnräa
tjbnrä a fujbta cafjr`
caf jr`mm nj mtra dabjra. Bm cafjb bjomfhm
bjom fhmss sö`m pmr
su sa`un."
Wmr jbtmbfjs saiäa quj jstaia tratabnm nj cafjr f`hjbtjs nj jbtrj
a`oubms la`sms aojbtjs nj Im`sa.
"½Fmbmfj a`ouba fasa lhai`j nj jsj thpm=", `j prjoubtè.
"Fmbmzfm `a daymr lhrda nj fmrrjtaej nj `ms Jstanms Zbhnms,"
nhem. "Xm dhsdm mpjrm a``ä. ^hjbjb sufursa`js jb sjtjbta y mfcm
fhunanjs
fhuna njs jb `ms Jstanms
Jsta nms Zbhnms y Fabaná. Cafjb ub orab bjomfh bjo mfhm.
m. X
bm pmnräab cafjr`m añm tras tras añm, sh bm tuvhjrab j` bhvj` anjfuanm,
anjfua nm, ½m sä="
"Fhjrtadjbtj bm," nhej. "½Mpjrab jb `as dhsdas affhmbjs fmb `as
quj sj bjomfha
bjomfh a jb `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk="
X mrk="
"Wmr supujstm; y jb fua`quhjr mtra Im`sa nj jstj paäs, m nj Jurmpa.
Fmdjrfhab jb trhom, a`omnöb, prmvhshmbjs;
prmvhs hmbjs; jb tmnm `m quj sj tj mfurra.
^hjbjb fmrrjspmbsa`js
fmrrjs pmbsa`js jb tmnms `ms shthms y dhjdirms jb tmnas `as Im`sas,
jb su prmphm bmdirj m rjsjrvanms."
@m saiäa pmr jbtmbf
jbt mbfjs,
js, pjrm
pjr m pjbsaia quj `m jboañaräa.
jboañ aräa.
"Vä," nhej ym, "pjrm jstm bm aljfta
aljfta a` cjfcm nj quj `as örnjbj
örn jbjss njiab
sjr jejfutanas pmr a`ouhjb, y banhj pujnj oarabthzar
oar abthzar födm sjrá j` djrfanm
m a què nhstabfha sj jbfmbtraráb `ms prjfhms nj` thfkjr fmb rjspjftm a `ms
prjfhmss rja`js nj` parquè nj `a Im`sa. Fuabnm ub cmdirj mithjbj aquä `a
prjfhm
fmthzafhöb y jbtrjoa uba mrnjb y sj `j tj`joraläa a Bujva Xmrk, sj ca
prmnufhnm a`om va`hmsm.
va`h msm. Vjrá djemr
djemr quj rjorjsj a Bujva Xmrk y phjrna a``ä
dh nhbjrm jb a`ouba fmdpañäa rjspjtai`j."
rjspjtai `j."
"Bm sè bana smirj pjrnjr nhbjrm; bujstrms
bujst rms f`hjbtjs bm anquhjrjb
anquh jrjb jsj
cáihtm. J``ms oabab nhbjrm.
nhbj rm. Bmsmtrms bms prjmfupadm
prjmf upadmss nj jsm."
jsm. "
"½Vus f`hjbtjs="
"Xm jstmy hbtjrjsan
hbtjr jsanmm jb `a fmdpañäa
fmdp añäa y, sh pujnm
pujn m mrhjbtar
mrhj btar `ms
bjomfh
bjo mfhms
ms a su lavmr, asä `m caom pmrquj shjdprj dj cab tratanm
trat anm ihjb y

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjr anmr nj affhmbjs 68
cj oabanm dufcm
dufcm nhbjrm a tratravès
vès nj j``ms. Vh quhjrjs tj
tj pujnm prjsjbtar
a` nhrjftmr."
"½Födm
"½F ödm ssjj ``ada `a jdprjsa=" `j prjoubtè.
Djpjrhönhfms,
tmnms `ms `m nhem. Caiäa mänm cai`ar
``adabnm nj j``ms.
`a atjbfhöb smirjWui`hfaia
Wui`hfaiab
b abubf
`ms orabnjsabubfhms
hms jb
ijbjlhfhms
cjfcms pmr aquj``ms f`hjbtjs quj tuvhjrmb jb fujbta su hblmrdafhöb
hbtjrba smirj affhmbjs afthvas.
Jsa jra ``aa prhbfhpa` jspjfha`hn
jspjfha`hnan
an nj `a fmdpañäa. Bm jrab uba
iufkjt scmp fmrrhjbtj, shbm "iufkjtjjrs", js njfhr, supujstms aojbtjs nj
Im`sa quj ``jvaiab a faim sus örnjbjs pjrm quj pasaiab, shb jdiarom,
pmr ub fadul`aej para fmbvjbfjr a` dubnm nj quj jrab aojbtjs nj Im`sa
rjou`arjs
rjou`ar js mfupanms jb bjomfhms `joät
`joäthdms
hdms.. Jrab nj `ms dá
dáss abthoums jb
jsas fmdpañäas nj f`asj.
Jrab, jb jsj dmdjbtm, j` prmtmthpm nj `a dhsda f`asj nj aojbtjs
nj Im`sa quj
prhbfhphms sj qujnaiab
y dètmnms shb ubjrab
ojbjra`js fèbthdm jstj añmaubquj
`ms dhsdms, pmr nmfjbas.
nmfjb
`ms as. @ms
rjfursms
fmbfrjtms para "pj`ar" a` põi`hfm nhlhrhjrab nj a`ouba dabjra, caihjbnm
fadihanm fhjrtms njta``js fuabnm `ms vhjems trufms sj chfhjrmb duy fm
bmfhnms.
Jstas pjrsmbas sm`äab jdhthr prmbösthfms para fmdprar m vjbnjr
fhjrta affhöb-fhjbtms nj tj`joradas afmbsjeabnm `a vjbta hbdjnhata nj
fhjrta affhöb y mtrms fhjbtms nj j``ms rjfmdjbnabnm a mtrms f`hjbtjs vjbnjr
jsa dhsda affhöb, iasábnmsj jb j` vhjem p`ab nj` quj prmbmsthfa jb `as
farrjras. Jb js
jsjj dmdj
dmdjbtmbtm aparjfjräa
aparjfjräabb örnjbj
örnjbjss nj fmdprar y vjbnjr. @a
fmdpañäa fmdpraräa m vjbnjräa, pmr jejdp`m, dh` nj jsa affhöb a travès nj
uba
j``a..fmdpañäa
j``a Jstj hbl prjsthohmsa
hblmrdj
mrdj nj Im`sa
sj dmstraräa y mitjbnräa
a tmnm ub hblmrdj
aquè` Vtm. rjou`ar smirj
^mdás hbfrènu`m quj
bm lujra `m iastabtj fmrtès fmdm para cai`ar nj `as örnjbjs nj `ms f`hjbtjs
f`h jbtjs
nj `as iufkjt scmps.
Vm`äab lmrdar tadihèb fmbsmrfhms nj nhsfrjffhöb jb `a mlhfhba y,
fmdm orab lavmr, pjrdhtäab quj sus f`hjbtjs `js nhjrab uba autmrhzafhöb
 pmr jsfrhtm para mpjrar fmb j` nhbjrm nj` f`hjbtj y jb su bmdirj, fmdm
euzoarab dás fmbvjbhjbtj. Nj jsta dabjra, `ms f`hjbtjs arhsfms bm
tjbnräab njrjfcm `joa` fuabnm jj`` nhbjrm njsaparj
njsaparjfhjra.
fhjra. Vj pmbnräab
a`fhstas jb uba affhöb, smirj j` papj`, pmbnräab njbtrm a `ms f`hjbtjs y
njspuès jejfutaräab uba nj `as vhjeas dabhmiras nj `as iufkjt scmps y
`hquhnaräab fhjbtms nj dárojbjs pjqujñms. Bm tuvhjtuvhjrmb
rmb fmbshnjrafh
fmbshnjrafhöb
öb

>7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fmb banhj, shjbnm sus djemrjs apujstas `as duejrjs, `ms prmljsmrjs y `ms
vhjems.
"Jstmy jbmeanm fmb tmnms `ms aojbtjs nj Im`sa," nhej a` prmbmsth
fanm r "tjbnrè quj pjbsar`m," y dj darfcè para quj bm punhjra cai`ar
dás fmbdhom.
Chfj avjrhouafhmbjs smirj `a fmdpañäa. Dj jbtjrè nnjj qu qujj tjbäab
fhjbtms nj f`hjbtjs y, aubquj jrab `as chstmrhas nj shjdprj, bm jbfmbtrè
bhboõb fasm nj ub f`hjbtj a` quj bbmm sj `j nhjra su nhbjrm sh oabö aa`om. `om. J`
prmi`jda jra jbfmbtrar a a`ouhjb quj cuihjra mpjranm a`ouba vjz jb jsa
mlhfhba;
mlhfhba; pjrm `m jbfmbtrè. @as fmsas fmsas parj
parjfäab
fäab sjouh
sjouhrr su fadh
fadhbm
bm jbtmbfjs,
y jsm shobhlhfaia quj prmiai`jdjbtj bm sj prmnufhräa bhboõb lraunj lraunj sh uba
mpjrafhöb sj pmbäa jb fmbtra nj j``ms.j ``ms. Wmr supujstm, `a daymräa nj asubtms
nj jsj thpm tjrdhbab da`. Ca Cayy vjfjs jb quj sj prmn prmnufjb
ufjb jphn
jphnjdhas
jdhas
rjou`arjs nj iabfarrmtas nj supujstms aojbtjs, fmdm `as farrjras pasa
nas nj dmna
dmna jb varhms iabfiabfmsms uba vjz quj ub ubmm nj j``ms caya suihnm. @ms
f`hjbtjs nj `ms mtrms sj asustaiab y fmrräab a safa safarr su nhbjrm. Wjrm cay
fabthnan nj ouarnhabjs nj iufkjt scmps jb jstj paäs.
Bm mä bana a`ardabtj smirj `a fmdpañäa nj prmbmsthfanmrjs,
jxfjptm quj tmnms j``ms iusfaiab su prmphm prmvjfcm, a` prhbfhphm, a`
lhba` y shjdprj, y qu qujj bm shjdprj njfäab `a vjrnan. Vu jspjfha`hnan
fmbshstäa jb rjfmrtar a `ms aprmvjfcanms quj njsjaiab cafjrsj rhfms
prmbtm. Wjrm shjdprj sm`hfhtai
sm`hfhtaiabab pjrdhsm pmrpmr jsfrhtm nj sus f`hjbtjs para
quhtar`js sus nhbjrms.
Zb thpm,
thpm , fmb j` quj ddjj jbfmb
jbfmbtrè,
trè, dj nhem quj caiäa vhstm jbvhar ub
näa sjhsfhjbtms tj`joradas jb `ms quj sj afmbsjeaia a `ms f`hjbtjs fmojr
uba affhöb y mtrms sjhsfhjbtms jb `ms quj sj rjfmdjbnaia, jbfarjfhna
djbtj, a `ms f`hjbtjs vjbnjr hbdjnhatadjbtj jsa dhsda affhöb.
"Vä, fmbmzfm j` trufm,"
trufm ," nhej a` thpm quj dj `m jstaia fmbtabnm.
"Vä," nhem è`. "Wjr
"Wjrmm a` näa shouhjbtj jbvharmb tj`joradas a `as dhsdas
pjrsmbas afmbsjeábnm`js
afmbsjeábnm`js fjrrar su hbtjrès jb tmnm y fmdprar-m vjbnjr-mtra
vjbnjr -mtra
affhöb. Wrjoubtè a` smfhm dás abthoum nj `a mlhfhba,
mlhfhba, ½Wmr què cafjb jsm= @m
prhdjrm `m jbth
jbthjbnm
jbnm.. A`oubms nj sus f`hjbtjs vab a oabar nhbjrm jb papj`
nurabtj ub
ub thjdpm, aubquj j``m
j``mss y mtrms phj
phjrnab
rnab jb su dmdjbtm. Wjrm
jbvhabnm tj`joradas nj jsa lmrda shdp`jdjbtj afaiab fmb tmnms j``ms.
½Què orab hnja sj jsfmbnj njtrás nj jsm="
"Iujbm," nhem è`, "`ms f`hjbtjs vab a pjrnjr su nhbjrm nj tmnas
lmrdas, bm hdpmrta
hdpmrta `m quj fmd
fmdprjb,
prjb, m födm, nöbnj m fuábnm. FuabFuabnm
nm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs >1

phjrnjb su nhbjrm, ym phjrnm `ms
`ms f`hjbtj
f`hjbtjs.
s. Ihjb pmnräa fmbsjouhr tmnm j`
nhbjrm quj pujna y iusfar njspuès uba bujva fmsjfca."
Njim rjfmbmfjr, fmb tmna lrabqujza, quj bm dj prjmfupaia `a èthfa
fmdjrfha`
^j``jr nj `adj
y födm jdprjsa.
nhvjrtäaXa ms nnhej
qujnar hej quj djfmb
houa`anm sjbtä jbmean
jbmeanm
j``ms. m fmb
Wjrm bm j`sjbtäa
asubtm
`m
dhsdm pmr jsta jdprjsa. Wmnräab sjr jstalanmrjs m pmnräab bm sjr tab
bjorms fmdm `ms`ms phbtaia
phbtaiab.
b. Bm dj prmpusj njear`js qqujuj chfhjrab bbhbouba
hbouba
mpjrafhöb para dä, m sjouhr sus
sus prmbösthfms m frjjr sus djbthras.
djbt hras. Dh õbhfa
prjmfupafhöb jra `a nj fmbsjouhr
fmbsj ouhr uba apujsta y vm`vjr a Bujva Xmrk para
mpjrar jb fabthnanjs eustas jb uba mlhfhba jb `a quj bm tuvhjras dhjnm nj
quj `a pm`hfäa hbvanhjra j` `mfa`, fmdm cafäab fmb `as iufkjt scmps, m
vhjra a `as autmrhnanjs hbspjffhmbar y atar tu nhbjrm nj lmrda quj tuvhjras
sujrtj sh fmbshouhjras mfcm fjbtavms smirj j` nö`ar ub añm y djnhm
njspuès.
Njmlrj
fhöb quj fua`quhjr
mlrjfäa jsaadabjra,
fäa js fmdpañäadjsmirj
njfhn`m
njfhnää as fmdprmiar
`ms aojbtjs nj `as vjbtaeas
Im`sa nj mpjra
`joäthdms
`joäthdms.. Bm
tjbäa dufcm
dufcm nhbjrm para pmbjr fmdm darojb, y jb jstas fmdpañäas `as
örnjbjs jrab dufcm dás `hijra`js jb jsj sjbthnm, nj dabjra quj ubms
pmfms y rjnufhnms fhjbtms nj nö`arjs ``joaiab dufcm dás `jems jb sus
mlhfhbas.
Luh a nmbnj sj jbfmbtraiab y cai`j fmb j` nhrjftmr jb pjrsmba.
Fuabnm avjrhouö quj ym caiäa shnm ub vhjem mpjranmr y caiäa tjbhnm
abtjrhmrdjbtj
abtjrhmrdjb tj fujbtas jb Bujva Xmrk fmb `as Im`sas y quj caiäa
pjrnhnm tmnm `m quj dj ``jvè,
``jvè , njeè nj prmdjtjr oabar ub dh``ö
dh``öbb a` dhbutm
para dä sh dj nnjeaia
jeaia hbvjrthr dhs acmrrms. È` supusm quj jra ub
aprmvjfcanm pjrdabjbtj, j` thpm nj pjrsjouhnmr nj` thfkjr quj shjdprj
eujoa y shjdpr
shjdprjj phjrnj; ub prmvjjnmr nj hbor hborjsms
jsms luj
lujrtj
rtjss para aojbtjs
nj Im`sa, aubquj lujrab nj` thpm quj sj fmbtjbtab fmb `as fmdhshmbjs.
@j nhej a` nhrjftmr quj `m quj ym iusfaia jra uba jejfufhöb
njfjbtj, pmrquj mpjraia shjdprj jb j` djrfanm y bm qujräa mitjbjr
hblmrdjs quj dmstrarab uba nhljrjbfha rjspjftm a` prjfhm nj` thfkjr nj
djnhm pubtm m nj ub pubtm fmdp`jtm.
Dj nhm su pa`aira nj cmbmr nj quj caräab `m quj ym pjbsara quj
jra `m
`m fmrrj
fmrrjftm.
ftm. Qujräab dh bjomfhm pmrqupmrqujj nnjsjaiab
jsjaiab dmstrardj j`
fmrrjtaej nj f`asj tab a`ta quj ``jvaiab a faim. ^jbäab jb ssuu jdp`jm j`
djemr ta`jbtm jb `ms bjomfhms. Nj cjfcm, jrab ladladmsms
msms pmr su jejfufhöb.
Vh caiäa a`ouba nhljrjbfha jbtrj j` prjfhm nj` thfkjr y j` hblmrdj shjdprj

>9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr

mpjr anmr nj affhmbjs

lavmrjfäa a` f`hj
f`hjbtj
btj,, aubquj bm `m oarabthz
oarabthzaiab.
aiab. Vh ym airhj
airhjra
ra uba fujb
fujbta
ta
fmb j``ms, pmnräa fmdprar m vjbnjr a` prjfhm quj sa`hjra nj` a`adirj, jra
duy orabnj `a fmblhabza quj njpmshtaiab jb sus irmkjrs.

fmdm @öohfadjbtj,
sh dj jbfmbtrara jsm jbshobhlhfaia
uba iufkjtqujscmp,
ym pmnäa mpjrar,
js njfhr, jb jljftm,
dj pjrdhthräab
mpjrar jb `a shouhjbtj mpjrafhöb. Bm qujr qujräa
äa parjfjr njdash
njdashanm
anm hbtjrj
sanm, asä
a sä quj safu
safunä
nä dh fai
faijza
jza y `j nhej quj bm airhräa uba fujbta jsj näa,
pjrm quj sj `m fmdubhfa
fmdubhfaräa.
räa. Dj afmbsjeö jbfarj
jbfarjfhnadjb
fhnadjbtjtj jdpjzar jb
jsj dhsdm dmdjbtm
dmdjb tm ya quj jra ub iujb djrf djrfanm
anm para oabar nhbj
nhbjrm.
rm. @m
jra, para j``m
j``ms;
s; ub djrf
djrfanmanm hbafthvm jb j` quj ``ms ms prjfhms msfh`aiab
`hojradjbtj, j` thpm nj djrfanm quj djtäa a `ms f`hjbtjs y `ms `hquhnaia
njspuès
njspu ès fmb ub `hojrm jdpuej smirj `a affhöb prmb prmbmst
msthfan
hfana.
a. ^uvj
a`oubms prmi`jdas para a`jeardj.

@j nh dh
y tj`joradas bmdirjnjy nhrjf
paoanms nhrjffhöb
fhöb yjbjsj`msdhsdm
abtjdabm nä
näaahbstaiab
quj dj jdpjfè
jdpj fè aa rjfhihr
cafjrdj fartas
fmb
a`ouba affhöb u mtra jb `as quj njfäab quj saiäab nj ub fmbsmrfhm
fmbsmrfh m nj njbtr
njbtrmm
quj mpjraia pmr uba suihna nj fhbfujbta pubtms. pub tms.
Jstaia mfupanm avjrhouabnm
avjrhoua bnm tmnm `m quj pmnäa smirj mtras fmdpa
ñäas nj fmrrjtaej nj` dhsdm thp
thpm.
m. Dj parjfäa quj sh dj asjoura
asjouraiaia nj quhtar
dhs acmrrms nj sus oarras `a õbhfa lmrda nj oabar nhbjrm, nj vjrnan,
fmbshstäa jb mpjrar jb jsta jspjfhj nj iufkjt scmp.
Fuabnm
Fuab nm aprjbn
aprjbnää `m quj punj, airä fujbtafujbtass fmb trjs lhrdas. Cai Caiäaäa
fmohnm uba pjqujña mlhfhba y tjbäa tj`jo
tj`joradas
radas nh
nhrjftm
rjftmss nhrhohnm
nhrhohnmss a `ms trj
trjss
irmkjrs.
Mpjrè a pjqujña jsfa`a para quj bm sj asustarab a` prhbfhphm.
Oabè nhbjrm y bm tarnarmb jb njfhrdj quj jspjraiab bjomfhms rja`js nj
`ms f`hjbtjs quj jbvha
jbvhaiab
iab tj`jor
tj`joradas
adas nhrjftms a sus mlhfhba mlhfhbas.
s. Bm
susphraiab pmr fhfatjrm
fhfatjrms.
s. J``ms supmbäab quj fuabtm dás oabara, d dás
ás
pjrnjräa
pjrnj räa y fuabtm dás ráph
ráphnm
nm dj `hquh
`hquhnarab
narab,, dás oabar
oabaräab
äab j``m
j``ms.
s. Jra uba
tjmräa iastabtj sö`hna fuabnm ubm fmbshnjra quj jstas pjrsmbas tratab,
bjfjsarhadjbtj, fmb djnhas y j` f`hjbtj djnhm bm tjbäa uba vhna duy
`aroa,, cai`
`aroa cai`abnm
abnm jb tèrdhb
tèrdhbmsms lhbab
lhbabfhjrms
fhjrms.. Zb f`hjb
f`hjbtj
tj jb quhj
quhjira
ira bm pujnj
mpjrar.
mpjra r. Zb f`hjbt
f`hjbtjj para
para`hza
`hzanm
nm a djnhas pujnj qujearsj j hbshbu
hbshbuar
ar fmsas
y frjar nhlhfu`tanjs nj ubm u mtrm thpm quj nañab a `ms bjomfhms nj jstas
pjrsmbas.
Jstai`jfä tadihèb uba fmbjxhöb fmb uba lhrda `mfa` quj tjbäa
fmbjxhöb nhrjfta fmb su fmrrjspmbsa` nj Bujva Xmrk, quj jra dhjdirm,

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs >6

tadihèb, nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk. ^jbäa pujstm ub thfkjr nj affhmbjs

y jdpjfè a mpjrar nj lmrda
lmrda fmbsjrvanmra.
fmbsjrva nmra. Fmdm
Fmdm ya ms nhej abtjs, jra fash
fmdm mpjrar jb `as iufkjt scmps, sm`m quj jra a`om dás `jbtm jb `as
jejfufhmbjs.
Jra ub eujom
eujo m a` quj pmnäa iathr, y asä `m chfj.
ch fj. Bubfa `m aimrnè casta
``joar a ub pubtm jb j` quj punhjra oabar nhjz vjfjs nj nj fana nhjz; pjrm
oabè jb tèrdhbms ojbjra`js,
ojbjra`j s, tmdábnm`m sjdaba sä, sjdaba bm. \hväa
iastabtj ihjb, aubquj shjdprj acmrraia a`om para audjbtar `a apujsta
quj hia
hia a ``jvardj a _a`` Vtrjjt. Fmbsjouä ub par nj nj fmbjxhmbjs jb nms
dás nj jstas fasas nj fmrrjtaej, shdh`arjs a `as iufkjt scmps, cafhjbnm
fhbfm jb tmta` y, pmr supujstm, dh iujba jdprjsa.
Caiäa vjfjs jb quj dhs p`abjs la``aiab y dhs affhmbjs bm sj
fmdpmrtaiab nj afujrnm fmb fmb `m trazanm,
traz anm, pjrm cuihjrab cjfcm `m fmbtrarhm
nj `m quj njihjrab cafjr sh cuihjra dabtjbhnm su fmbshnjrafhöb pmr `ms
prjfjnjbtjs.
prjfjn jbtjs. Wjrm bm dj om`pjarmb
om`pjarmb nj lmrda
lmrda duy
duy lujrtj,
lujrtj, bm pmnäab, fmb
dhs dárojbjs pjqujñms.
pjqujñms . Dhs rj`afhmbjs fmb `ms irmkjrs jrab iastabtj
fmrnha`js.
fmrnh a`js. Vus fujbtas
fujbtas y rjohstrms bm shjdprj fmhbfhnäab fmb fmb `ms däms, y
`as nhljrjbfhas jstaiab, nj lmrda ubhlmrdj, jb fmbtra nj dä. ¡Furhmsa ¡Furhmsa
fmhbfhnjbfha! Wjrm `ufcè pmr njljbnjrdj y, a` lhba`, lhba`, sm`äa sa`hrdj fmb `a
däa. ^jbäab shjdprj `a jspjrabza nj quhtardj `m `m quj ym `js caiäa
quhtanm.
quhtan m. Frjm quj fmbshnjraiab dhs oababfhas fmdm prèstadms tjdpm
ra`js.
Bm jrab duy njpmrthvms, jdpjzabnm jb j` bjomfhm para oabar
nhbjrm pmr `as iujbas m pmr `as da`as jb vjz nj fmbtjbtarsj fmb j`
pmrfjbtaej nj `a`a fasa. Xa quj
quj `ms aprmvjfcanms shjdprj phjrnjb nhbjrm
fuabnm apujstab a affhmbjs, bubfa jspjfu`ab, rja`djbtj, ubm pjbsaräa
quj jstms thpms nhrhoäab `m quj pmnräadms ``adar bjomfhm `joäthdm
h`joäthdm.. Wjrm bm jra asä. "Váfa`j j` nhbjrm a tus f`hjbtjs y caztj rhfm"
h`joäthdm
js ub vhjem y vjrnanjrm rjlráb, pjrm parjfäa quj eadás `m caiäab mänm y
bm sj njtjbäab abtj `a mpjrafhöb shdp`j nj `as iufkjt scmps.
 Hbtjbtarmb jboañardj varhas vjfjs fmb `ms
`ms trufms
trufms nj shjdprj. Dj
fmohjrmb ub par nj vjfjs pmrquj bm jstuvj atjbtm. @m cafäab shjdprj
shjdprj
fuabnm bm caiäa tmdanm mtra
mtra `äbja quj
quj bm lujr
lujraa `a caihtua`. @ms afusè
nj jstar duy a` njsfuihjrtm m pjmr quj jsm, pjrm j``ms `m bjoarmb y j`
rjsu`tanm nj j``m luj
luj dh vuj`ta, fmdm shjdprj, a `a mpjrafhöb. @m imbhtm
nj cafjr
ph``as
ph``as,, jb bjomfhms
djnhnafmb
`a djnhna ubj jstalanmr
jb quj
qu bm njejs jscafjr
njejs nj quj tjbjomfhms
pjrnmbafmb
fmshjdprj qujihjb
b è`. Jstá `m
ihjb

>> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jb `m quj sj rjlhjrj a è`. Jstá njsjabnm jbfmbtrarsj
jbfmbtrarsj fmbthom a dás nj `a
dhtan nj` fadhbm. ¡A`das daobábhdas!
daobáb hdas!
Ihjb, njfhnä quj bm pmnäa pjrdhthrdj j` tjbjr `a tasa bmrda` nj
suihna nj dh apujsta njih`htana pmr `ms jstalanmrjs, pmr `m quj njfhnä
nar`js uba `jffhöb. J`joä a`oubas affhmbjs qujquj,, tras caijr shnm
shnm lavmrhtas
jb `a
`a jspjfu`afhöb, sj vm`vhjrmb hbafthvas.
hbafthvas . Vh cuihjra j`johnm uubaba qquj
uj
bm cuihjra shnm afthva bubfa, j``ms cairäab smspjfcanm dh eujom. Nh
örnjbjs nj fmdpra smirj jsta affhöb a dhs fhbfm irmkjrs nj "iufkjt
scmp." Fuabnm sj tmdarmb
tmdarmb `as örnjbjs y sj jspjraia
jspjraia quj sa`hjra nj `a
fhbta `a shouhjbtj fmthzafhöb, jbvhè uba mrnjb a Im`sa para quj sj
vjbnhjrab fhjb parthfhpafhmbjs nj jsa affhöb fmbfrjta jb j` djrfanm.
Jxhoä hbdjnhatadjbtj uba affhöb ráphna. Iujbm, pujnjb hdaohbarsj `m
quj sufjnhö fuabnm `a mrnjb nj vjbta ``joö a` parquè nj `a Im`sa; uba
affhöb hbafthva
fmbjxhmbjs lujraquj
nj qujräa vjbnjr njprhsa uba fasa nj fmdhshmbjs fmb
`a fhunan.
Wjrm `a trabsaffhöb, ta` fmdm sj hdprh
hdprhdhö
dhö jb `a fhbta, jra j` prjfhm
quj ym paoaräa pmr dhs fhbfm örnjbjs nj fmdpra. fmdpra. Dj jbfmbtraia a
frènhtm nj fuatrmfhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs nj jsa affhöb a ub prjfhm iaem.
@a fasa dj prjoubtö què caiäa jsfufcanm, y ym nhej quj tjbäa ub
prmbösthfm smirj j``a. Eustm abtjs nj qu qujj fjrrara
fjrrara j` djrfanm jbvjbvhè
hè ub
ubaa
mrnjb a dä afrjnhtana
afrjnhta na fasa nj vm`vjr a fmdpra
fmdprarr jsas fhjb parthfhpafhmbjs
parthfhpa fhmbjs
shb pjrnjr bh ub dhbutm dás; bm qujräa jstar a` njsfuihjrtm iae iaemm bhbouba
fhrfubstabfha y bm dj prjmfupaia `m quj paoarab. Wmr tabtm tabtm,, jbvharmb
ub tj`jorada a Bujva Xmrk fmb `a mrnjb nj fmdprar
fmdprar jsas fhjb,
fh jb, nhm fmdm
rjsu`tanm ub avabfj irusfm. Xm, pmr supujstm, caiäa pujstm örnjbjs nj
vjbta para `as quhbhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs quj dhs adhoms caiäab fmd
pranm.. Lubfhmbö nj lmrda
pranm lmrda duy sathslaftmrha.
sathslaftmrha.
Vhb jdiarom, tmnaväa bm djemraiab ssus us dètmnms,
dètmn ms, asä quj jdp`jè
jsj trufm
trufm fmb j``ms varhas vjfjs.
vjf js. Bm dj atr
atrjväa
jväa a fasthoar`ms nj dabjra
tab nura fmdm sj djrjfäab, rara vjz dás nj ub pubtm m nms jb fhjb
 parthfh pafhmbjs.
parthfhpafhmbj s. Wjrm fmbtrhiuyö a cafjr suihr dh pjqujñm tjsmrm
tjsmrm qu
qujj
jstaia acmrrabnm para
para dh pröxhda avjbtura jb _a``
_a`` Vtrjjt.
Vtrjj t. A vjfjs
varhaia j` prmfjsm vjbnhjbnm a`oubas affhmbjs a` njsfuihjrtm, pjrm shb
``jvar`m a` jxtrjdm.
jxtrjd m. Dj fmbtjbtaia fmb dhs sjhsfhjbtas u mfcmfhjbtas
`hdphasLubfhmbö
para fanatabom`pj.
ihjb `a dabhmira quj luj dás a``á nj tmnms `ms
fá`fu`ms para uba msfh`afhöb nj nhjz pubtms. Bm jra jstm `m quj ym

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs >:

iusfaia. Nj cjfcm, sufjnhö nj ta` dabjra quj tuvj nmsfhjbtas parthfh

pafhmbjs jb vjz nj dhs fhjb nj shjdprj jb `a thjbna nj ub irmkjr, aubquj
sö`m fhjb jb `as mtras fuatrm thjbnthjbnas.
as. Jstm jrjraa njdashanm iujbm par paraa
j``ms.
j`` ms. Vj sjbtäab d duy
uy nm`hnms pmr j``m y jdpjzarmb a cafjr fmdjbtarhms
smirj `as fmbjxhmbjs.
fmbjxhmb js. Asä quj lluh uh a vjr a` nhrjftmr, j` dhsdm cmdirj quj
caiäa jstanm tab njsjmsm nj fmbsjouhr dh fujbta y tab nhspujstm a
pjrnmbar fana
fana vj
vjzz qu
qujj `m ph``è hbtjbtabnm jboañar
jboañardj.dj. Vj naia du dufca
fca
hdpmrtabfha para sjr ub cmdirj nj su pmshfhöb.
"¡Jra ub djrfanm lhfthfhm para jsa affhöb, y bm tj paoarjdms ub
da`nhtm fèbthdm!", eurö.
"Bmm jra ub djrfanm lhfthfhm fuabnm \n. afjptö dh mrnjb nj fmdpra.
"B
Dj njeö
njeö jbtrar,
jbtrar , nj afujrnm, pjrm acmra njij njeardj sa`hr. Bm pujnj
njsfuirhr jsm pmr
pmr hdparfha`hnan, ½fhjr
½fhjrtm="
tm="
"¡Vä, pujnm!",
pujnm! ", orhtö. "Wujnm prmiar quj a`ouh a`ouhjb
jb nhm
nhm ub traiaem."
"½Quhèb nhm ub traiaem=", prjoubtè.
"¡A`ouhjb!"
"½A quhèb `j nhjrmb j` traiaem=" pr prjoubtè
joubtè..
"A a`oõb adhom
adhom suym," nhem.
Wjrm ym `j nhej5"Vaij duy ihjb quj eujo eujomm sm`m. ^mnms jb jsta
fhunan `m saijb. @m cab saihnmsaihnm njsnj quj jdpjfè a mpj mpjrar
rar jb affhmbjs.
Acmra dj oustaräa nar`j ub ffmbsjem
mbsjem nnjj adhom5 iõsqujdj jsj nhbjrm.nhbj rm. Bm
quhjrm sjr njsaora
njsaoranai`j.
nai`j. Caoa `m quj `j nhom."
"Bm `m paoa
paoarè.
rè. Luj uba trabsaffhöb arrjo
arrjo`ana,"
`ana," orhtö.
Dj fabsè nj su fmbvjrsafhöb, y pmr jsm `j nhej5 "Dj `m paoará aquä
y acmra."
Vhouhö lablarrmbjabnm y dj afusö aihjrtadjbtj nj sjr j` rjspmb
sai`j nj `a shtuafhöb; njsjdim`
njsjdim`sö,sö, lhba`djbtj, j` nhbjrm
nhbjrm.. @ms mtrms bm
jrab tab nhläfh`js. Jb uba mlhfhba j` nhrjftmr caiäa jstanm jstunhabnm
jstms eujoms däms nj affhmbjs hbafthvas y fuabnm fmbshouhö dh mrnjb dj
fmdprö `a affhöb y `ujom mtra para è` jb j` tai`öb pjqujñm, y oabö a`om
nj nhbjrm.
A jstms thpms bm `js hdpmrtaia sjr njdabnanms pmr lraunj, ya quj
sm`äab tjbjr prjpa
prjparana
rana uba iiujba
ujba njl
njljbsa
jbsa ``joa`.
joa`. Wjrm tjbäab dhjnm nj
quj jdiaroarab `ms duji`js y bm pmnäab cafjr `m dhsdm fmb j` nhbjrm
nj` iabfm pmrquj sj prjmfuparmb nj bm tjbjr bhboõb lmbnm jxpujstm a
jsj pj`horm.
pj`hor m. Bm `js caräa nañm tjbjr lad
ladaa nj irusf
irusfms,
ms, pjrm jra lata` tjbjr
lada nj tradpmsms. Bm js a`om hblrjfujbtj quj ub f`hjbtj phjrna nhbjrm

>< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jb `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba nj su irmkjr. Wjrm quj ub f`hjbtj oabj nhbjrm y bm `m fmbshoa
js j` pjmr frhdjb nj` fönhom `joa` nj `ms jspjfu`anmrjs.
Fmbsjouä nhbjrm
nhbjrm nj tmnms; pjrm jsj sa`tm nj ub pubtm pusm llhb
hb a
jsj aoranai`j
prmyjftm pasathjdpm
jsj pjqujñm trufmnjquj
njspj``jear a `ms caiäab
j``ms dhsdms pj`jtjrms. ^jbäabpara
uth`hzanm jb
njlraunar a fhjbtms
fhjbtms nj f`hjbtjs pmirjs. \m`vä a dh mpjrafhöb rjou`ar;
pjrm j` djrfanm bm shjdprj jstaia nj afujrnm fmb dh shstjda, js njfhr,
`hdhtanm fmdm jstaia ym a` tadañm nj `as örnjbjs quj tmdarab j``ms, bm
pmnräa tjbjr èxhtm lhbabfhjrm.
Dj caiäa njnhfanm a j``m nurabtj ub añm, jb j` fua` uth`hfè tmnms
`ms rjfursms quj sj dj mfurrhjrmb para oabar nhbjrm jb jsas "thjbnas nj
Im`sa." Caiäa vhvhnm fmb dufcas fmdmnhnanjs
fmdmnhnanjs,, dj fmdprè ub autmdö
vh` y bm `hdhtè dhs oastms.

tras `m ^jbäa
cafäa. qujdcafjr
Vh dh uba apujsta,
h pmshfhöb pjrm tjbäa
jb j` djrfanm ra `atadihèb
jjra fmrrjfta,quj vhvhr oastar
bm pmnäa dhjb
tabtm fmdm oabaia, y jsm supmbnräa acmrrar a`om nj nhbjrm. Vh ym bm tjbäa
razöb, bm oabaräa nhbjrm y, pmr tabtm, bm pmnräa oastar bana. Fmdm ya cj
nhfcm, caiäa acmrranm casta fmbsjouhr ub bhvj` hdpmrtabtj, y bm caiäa
tabtm nhbjrm quj oabar jb `as fhbfm "thjbnas nj Im`sa";
Im`s a"; asä quj njfhnä
vm`vjr a Bujva Xmrk.
^jbäa dh prmphm fmfcj j hbvhtè a ub adhom, quj jra tadihèb
mpjranmr, a hr fmbdhom a Bujva Xmrk. Afjptö y bms pushdms jb fadhbm.
Waradms jb Bjw
Bjw Cavjb para fmdjr. Jb j` cmtj` dj jbfmbtrè fmb ub vhjem
fmbmfhnm quj dj nhem quj caiäa jb `a fhunan uba iufkjt scmp y jstaia
cafhjbnm ub bjomfhm iastabtj iujbm.
Njeadms j` cmtj` nj fadhbm a Bujva Xmrk, pjrm ym dj afjrquè
fmb j` fmfcj casta `a fa``j jb `a quj sj jbfmbtraia `a iufkjt scmp para vjr
quj aspjftm prjsjbtaia j` jxtjrhmr. @a jbfmbtradms y bm punhdms rjshsthr
`a tjbtafhöb nj parar y jfcar ub vhstazm a` hbtjrhmr.
hbtjrhm r. Bm jra njdashanm
subtumsa, pjrm j` vhjem tai`öb sj jbfmbtraia a``ä, y tadihèb `ms f`hjbtjs,
y sj euoaia.
J` nhrjftmr jra ub thpm fm
fmbb aspjftm nj aftmr u mranmr. Vu aspjftm
hdprjshmbaia. ^j naia
naia `ms iujbms nänäas
as fmdm sh cuihjra njsfuihjrtm `a
imbnan
imbn an nj `a daña
dañababa njspuès nj iusfar`a nhjz añms fmb ub dhfrmsfmphm
y tj rjoa`aia
iabfarhm nj `a su njsfuirhdhjbtm
lhrda.
lhrda. asäfmb
Bms vhm ``joar fmdm
fmb j` fhj`m,
bujstrm autmdj`övh`
autmdövh`sm`njpmrthvm,
y j` bhvj`y
fmdm `ms nms jradms eövjbjs y njsprjmfupanms bm frjm quj aparjbtara-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs >?

dms vjhbtj añms, ``joö a `a fmbf`ushöb `öohfa nj quj jradms nms fchfms
nj Xa`j. Bm `j nnhej
hej quj bm `m luèradms.
luèradms. Bm dj nhm `a mpmrtubhnan,
mpmrtubhnan, shbm
quj jdpjzö a `aroarbms ub nhsfursm.
nhsfur sm. Vj a`jorö
a`jorö dufcm nj vjrbms.
vjrbms .
½^jbnräadms ub shthm födmnm=
traia lh`abtröphfadjbtj Avjrhouadms
hbf`hbanm
hbf`hbanm;; phnhjbnmquj j` djrfanm
a vmfjs, sj jbfmb
nj cjfcm, j`
audjbtm nj nhbjrm fm`joha`, nj` fua` bhboõb jstunhabtj hbtj`hojbtj bm
oranuanm caya tjbhnm eadás uba fabthnan sulhfhjbtj njsnj j` adabjfjr
nj `ms thjdp
thjdpms.
ms. Wjrm aquä y acmra, pmr `a ijbjlhfjbfha nj` thfkjr
thfkjr,, uba
pjqujña hbvjrshöb hbhfha` supmbnräa dh`js.
dh`js . J` nhbjrm quj j` djrfanm nj
va`mrjs abshaia prmnufhr jra dás
dás nj `m quj fua`quhjr jstunhabtj punhjra
oastar.
Wjbsè quj sjräa uba pjba bm cafjr`m,
cafjr` m, jstabnm j` sjñmr nj `a iufkjt
iufkjt
scmp tab nhspujstm a pjrdhtärbms`m, asä quj `j nhej quj caräa fmdm j`
njsjara, pmrquj caiäa mänm quj dmbtmbjs nj pjrsmbas oabaiab orabnjs
fabthnanjs
Jdpjfènj nhbjrm jb nj
a mpjrar j` djrfanm
lmrda duy nj fmbsjrvanmra,
va`mrjs. pjrm audjbtabnm
`a `äbja a djnhna qquj
uj oabaia. Dh adhom chzm jxaftadjbtj `m dhsdm qu qujj
chfj ym.
Wasadms `a bmfcj jb Bjw Cavjb y `a dañaba shouhjbtj bms
smrprjbnhö jb `a afmojnmra scmp a `as `as nhjz djbms fhbfm dhbutms. J`
mranmr sj a`jorö
a`jorö nj vjrbms, pjbsabnm quj su turbm ``joaräa jsj
jsj näa. Wjrm
ym `hquhnè ubms
ubms fuabtms ih``jtjs nj dh` quhbhjbtms
quhbhjbtms.. A `a dañab
dañabaa shouhjbtj
fuabnm luhdms a vjr a` orab mranmr y `j nhdms uba mrnjb para vjbnjr
quhbhjbtas Vuoar nunö, pjrm lhbalhba`djbtj
`djbtj afjptö-¡jb sh`jbfhm
sh`jbfhm!! @a affhöb
rmdphö pmr jbfhda
jbfhda nj ub pubtm y ym fjrrè y `j nh j` thfkjt. Oabè jb
ijbjlhfhms
ojb. Vafö njjxaftadjbtj
`a fa
faea lujrtquhbhjbtms
j vjhbtj nnjj nö`arjs
ea lujrtj dás`ms
quhbhjbtms,
quhbhjb tms, dhsfmbtö,
fmbquhbhjbtms nj dar
tö, duy njspafhm,
trjs vjfjs, y njspuès `ms vm`vhö a fmbtar nj`abtj nj dä. Warjfäa qu qujj sus
njnms njsth`arab dufä`aom pmr `a lmrda jb quj `ms ih``jtjs sj pjoaiab a
j``ms. Fruzö ``ms
ms irazms, sj dmr
dmrnhö
nhö j` `aihm, dabtuvm js jsta
ta pmstura y dhrö
cafha uba vjbtaba quj sj jbfmbtraia njtrás nj dä.
 @j nhej quj dj oustaräa vjbnjr nmsfhjbtas. Wjrm bm sj hbdutö. Bm
dj myö. Yjpjtä dh njsjm, sö`m quj aacmra
cmra lu
lujj nj trjsfhjbtas parthfhpafhm
parthf hpafhm
bjs.. \m`vhö `a faijza. Jspjrè su nhsfu
bjs nhsfursm.
rsm. Wjrm tmnm `m quj chzm lu lujj
dhrardj.. Jbtmbfjs sj rj`adhö y traoö, fmdm sh lujs
dhrardj lujsjj a fmdjbzar ub
ataquj smirj fhbfujbta añms nj njsomihjrbm pm`äthfm pmr partj nj `ms
hbnjfhi`js fmrruptmrjs nj `a mpmshfhöb.

>3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Wmr õ`thdm dmvhö

dmvh ö su da
dabm bm cafha
cafh a `ms ih``jtjs
ih``jt js adarh``ms
adarh`` ms quj tjbäa ym
jb dh dabm y nhem, "¡@`èvatj jsa fcufcjräa!"
"½@`jvardj
"½@`j vardj què="
què =",, nhej
nhej ym. Bm caiäa fmdprjbnh
fmdp rjbnhnmnm duy
duy ihjb a
nmbnj qujräa ``joar.
"½Nöbnj vas, jstunhabtj=" Cai`aia nj dmnm duy hdprjshmbabtj.hdprjshmbabtj .
"A Bujva Xmrk," `j fmbtjstè.
"Jsm jstá ihjb," nhem, ashbthjbnm ubas vjhbtj vjfjs. vjfj s. "Jsm jstá duy
ihjb. ^j vas a hr nj aquä, pmrquj ym sè nms fmsas ¡nms, jstunhabtj!
jstunh abtj! Vè `m
quj bm jrjs,
jrj s, y sè `m quj jrjs.
jrj s. ¡Vä! ¡Vä! ¡Vä!"
"½Js fhjrtm jsm=", nhej duy fmrtjsdjbtj.
"Vä. \msmtrms
\msmtr ms nms". Vj njtuvm;
njtu vm; y a fmbthbuafh
fmbth buafhöb
öb njeö nj jstar jb
j` Fmborjsm y nhem5 "¡\msmtrms nms smhs `ms daymrjs thiurmbjs nj `ms
Jstanms Zbhnms! ½Jstunhabtjs= ¡Njièhs sjr nj` prhdjr fursm!"
@m njeadms
j` nhbjrm. A bhboõb cai`abnm
cai`a
euobnm
anmrrsm`m.
euoanm Wrmiai`jdj
Wrmia i`jdjbtj
prmljshmba` btj bm `j
`j hdpmrta. ^mnmhdpmrtara
hdpmr tara tabtm
ranhfa jb j`
eeuj
ujom
om y jb `a lmrda
lmr da quj
qu j sj vuj`
vu j`vj
vj `a sujr
su jrtj
tj.. @m quj
qu j cjrä
cj räaa su mrou
mr ou````mm jra
njearsj jboañar pmr bmsmtrms.
Asä js fmdm ``jouè a _a`` Vtrjjt para cafjr ub sjoubnm hbtjbtm.
Caiäa jstanm jstunhabn
jstu nhabnm,m, pmr supujstm,
supujs tm, para `mfa`hzar j` prmi`jda
prmi`j da jxaftm
nj dh shstjda quj caiäa shnm rjspmbsai`j nj dhs lrafasms jb `a mlhfhba
nj A.Y. Lu``jrtmb & Fm.
^jbäa vjhbtj añms fuabnm chfj dhs prhdjrms dh` y `m pjrnä tmnm.
Wjrm saiäa födm y pmr què, pmrquj mpjrè lujra nj jstafhöb tmnm j`
thjdpm;
thjdp m; pmrquj fuabnm bm punj euoar euo ar nj afujrnm fmb dh shstjda, quj
sj iasaia jb j`j` jstunhm y `a jxpjrhjbfh
jxpjr hjbfha,a, jbtrè y euouè
eu ouè.. Jspjraia
Jspjr aia oabar,
jb vjz nj saijr quj njiäa oabar.
Fuabnm tjbäa vjhbthnös añms dh apujsta suihö a fhbfujbta dh`
nö`arjs;
nö`ar js; `ms pjrnä
pjrn ä j` bujvj
bujv j nj Daym.
Day m. Wjrm saiäa jxaftadj
jxaf tadjbtjbtj pmr què y
födm.. Jra `a fhbta quj sj rjtrasaia
födm rjtras aia y `a vhm`jbfha shb prjfjnjbtj
prjfj njbtjss nj nj `ms
dmvhdhjbt
dmvhd hjbtms
ms nj jsj cmrrhi`j näa. Wjrm bm saiäa pmr què caiäa pjrnhnm
njspuès nj dh vuj`ta nj V. @uhs m njspuès nj` pábhfm nj` bujvj nj Daym.Da ym.
^jbäaa tjmräas,
^jbä tjmräa s, js njfhr, rjdjnhms
rjdjnhm s para a`oubms nj `ms la``ms
la``ms quj pjbsè quj
tjbäa dh eujom
euj om.. Wjrm bjfjshtaia
bjfjsht aia práfthfa rja`.
Bm cay bana fmdm pjrnjr tmnm `m quj thjbjs jb jstj dubnm para
aprjbnjr
para `m qujnhbjrm,
bm pjrnjr bm njijs
nhbjrm cafjr. Xa fuabnm
, jdphjzas saijs
aprjbnjr `m quj
`m quj bm para
cafjr thjbjs quj cafjr
oabar. ½@m
jbthjbnjb= ¡Jdphjzas a aprjbnjr!

\
J@ ^HFKJY DJNHM, fmdm j``ms suj`jb ``adar`m, j` ousabm nj `a
fhbta-sj jquhvmfa, dj tjdm, tabtm njihnm a uba jspjfha`h
jspjfha`hzafhöb
zafhöb jxfjshva
fmdm a fua`quhjr
fua`quhj r mtrm fasm. Vhobhlhfa uba hbj`asthfhnan duy duy fara.
Njspuès nj tmnm, j` eujom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb bm js tmnm datjdáthfas m
rjo`as jstai`jfhnas, pmr duy räohnas quj sjab `as `jyjs prhbfhpa`js.
Hbf`usm jb dh `jftura nj `a fhbta cay a`om quj bm js sö`m djra
djra arhtdèthfa.
Js `m quj ym ``adm j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj uba affhöb, `as aftuafhmbjs quj
pjrdhtjb euzoar sh uba affhöb va a sjouhr, m bm, nj afujrnm fmb `ms
prjfjnjbtjss quj tus misjrvafhmbjs
prjfjnjbtj misjrvafhmbj s bmtarmb. Vh uba affhöb bm sj fmdpmr
ta nj lmrda
lmrda fmrrjfta,
fmrrjfta , bm `a tmquj; pmrquj,
pmrqu j, a` sjr hbfapaz nj njfhr
jxaftadjbtj `m quj la``a, \n. bm pujnj prjnjfhr j` fadhbm quj va a
sjouhr.JsBmubcay
cay nhaobösthfm
nhaobös
cjfcm duy thfm bh prmbösthfm.
abthoum Bm nj
`a misjrvafhöb prmbösthfm,
uba affhöbbmyijbjlhfhm.
j` jstunhm
jstu nhm
nj sus fmdpmrtadhjbtms abtjrhmrjs. Fuabnm ``jouè pmr prhdjra vjz a
Bujva Xmrk caiäa uba mlhfhba nj ub irmkjr jb `a fua` ub lrabfès sm`äa
cai`ar smirj su orálhfm. A` prhbfhphm pjbsè quj jra uba jspjfhj nj
dasfmta rara quj tjbäa `a lhrda fmdm njdmstrafhöb nj su iujb cudmr.
 Njspuès, supj quj jra ub mranmr pjrsuashvm
pjrsuash vm y quj
quj hdprjshmbaia.
hdprjshmb aia. Njfäa
quj `m õbhfm quj bm jboañaia, pmrquj shdp`jdjbtj bm pmnäa, jrab `as
datjdáthfas.
datjdát hfas. Djnhabtj sus furvas è` pmnäa prjnjfhr
prjnjf hr `ms dmvhdhjbtms nj
djrfanm. Wmnäa tadihèb aba`hzar`ms y njfhr, pmr jejdp`m, pmr què `a
Kjjbj chzm `m fmrrjftm jb su ladmsa dabhpu`afhöb a`fhsta prjljrjbtj nj
`a Atfchbsmb, y pmr què njspuès sj jquhvmfö jb su fmbsmrfhm nj `a

>8

:7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Vmutcjrb Wafhlhf
Wafhlhf,, Jb nhsthbtas èpmfas ub
ubmm u mtrm nj `ms mpjranmrjs
mpjranmrjs
prmljshmba`js hbtjbtarmb j` shstjda nj` lrabfès y vm`vhjrmb, njspuès, a
sus vhjems dètmnms bm fhjbtälhfms nnjj oabarsj `a vhna. Vu shstjda nj
afjrtar yquj
andhthö jrrar jra dásjstaia
j` orálhfm iaratm,
iaratmafjrtanm
, njfäab.jb ub
Mä 17
njfhr
177 a` fhjbtm
7 pmr lrabfès
lrabfèspjrm
qujnhem
Kjjbj
quj
j` dètmnm jra njdashanm
njdashanm `jbtm para su usm usm práfthfm jb ub djrfanm afthvm.
Caiäa, njspuès, uba mlhfhba jb `a quj sj ``jvaia ub orálhfm nj`
dmvhdhjbtm
dmvhdh jbtm nharhm nj prjfhms.
prjf hms. Dmstraia, a shdp`j
shdp`j vhsta, `m quj caiäa cjfcm
fana affhöb
affhöb nurabtj djsjs. Fmdparabnm furvas hbnhvhnua`js
hbnhv hnua`js fmb `a furva
ojbjra`
ojbjr a` nj` djrfanm y tjbhjbnm prjsjbtjs fhjrtas rjo`as, `ms f`hjbtjs pmnäab
pmnäab
njfhr sh `a affhöb, smirj `a quj pmsjäab ub prmbösthfm para fmdprar tjbäa
njrjfcm a uba suihna. Zth`hzaiab j` orálhfm fmdm uuba ba jspjfhj nj prmbms-
thfanmr fmdp`jdjbtarhm
fmdp`jdjb tarhm.. Cmy jb näa cay nmfjbas
nmfjbas nj fasas nj fmdhshmbjs
jb `a sj pujnjb
pujnjb jbfmbtrar orálh
orálhfms
fms nj mpjrafhöb. \hjbj
\hjbjbb ya prjparanms
njsnj `as mlhfhbas nj `ms jxpjrtms jb jstanästhfa j hbf`uyjb bm sö`m
affhmbjs, shbm tadihèb djrfabfäas.
Njim njfhr quj ub orálhfm ayuna a aquè``ms quj pujnjb `jjr`m m,
djemr, a `ms quj ashdh`ab `m quj `jjb. J` `jftmr djnhm djnhm nj orálhfms, shb
jdiarom, thjbj uba hbf`hbafhöb a misjshmbarsj fmb `a bmfhöb nj quj `as
njprjshmbjs y a`zas y `ms dmvhdhjbtms prhdarhms y sjfubnarhms
sjfubnarhms js tmnm `m
quj fmdpmbj `a jspjfu`afhöb nj affhmbjs.
affhmbjs . Vh lujrza
lujrza su fmblhabz
fmblhabzaa casta su
`ädhtj `öohfm, js pmshi`j quj sj arruhbj.
Cay ub cmdirj duy fapaz, ub abthoum fmdpañjrm nj uba Im`sa
duyy fmbmfhna, quj js rja`djbtj ub
du ub datjdá
datjdáthfm
thfm ffmb
mb jxpjrhjbfha. Js `h
fjbfhanm pmr
pmr ub ladms
ladmsmm fm`johm tèfbhfm. Hnjaia orálh orálhfms
fms iasábnmsj jb
ub jstunhm njta``anm y a` dhbutm nj` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj `ms prjfhms jb
dufcms djrfanms nj affhmbjs, mi`hoafhmbjs, orabm, a`omnöb, nhbjrm,
jtf. Vj rj rjdmbtö
dmbtö a dufcms aañms ñms atrás y trazö `a `ass fmrrj`afhmbjs y
dmvhdhjbtmss jstafhmba`js ¡tmnm!. Zth`hzö nurabtj añms sus
dmvhdhjbtm sus orál
orálhfms
hfms jjbb
su mpjrafhöb nj affhmbjs.
affhm bjs. @m quj chzm rja`djbtj luj luj aprmvjfcarsj nj
a`oõb prmdjnhm a`tadjbtj hbtj`hojb
hbtj` hojbtj.
tj. Dj fujbtab quj oabö nj lmr lmrda
da
rjou`ar, casta quj `a Oujrra Dubnha` afaiö fmb tmnms `ms prjfjnjbtjs.
Mä quj è` y `ms dufcms quj `m sjouäab pjrnhjrmb dh``mbjs pmrquj
njshsthjrmb
njshs thjrmb.. Wjrm bh au
aubb uba oujrra dubnha` pujnj jvhtar quj j` djrfanm
nj va`mrjs sja a`fhsta, fuabnm `as fmbnhfhmbjs smb a`fhstas, m iaehsta,
fuabnm `as`as fmbnhfhmbjs smb
smb iaehstas. X tmnm `m quj uubb cmdirj bjfjshta
para saijr födm oabar nhbjrm js va`mrar `as fmbnhfhmbjs.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj
nj affhmbjs :1
Bm tjbäa hbtjbfhöb nj apartardj nj` fadhbm nj jsta dabjra, pjrm
bm pujnm jvhtar`m fuabnm phjbsm jb dhs prhdjrms añms jb _a`` Vtrjjt.
Acmra sè `m quj abtjs bm saiäa, y phjbsm jb `ms jrrmrjs nj dh hobmrabfha
pmrquj smb bm.
añm sä, añm `ms dhsdms quj fmdjtj j` jspjfu`anmr nj affhmbjs djnhm,
Njspuès nj rjorjsar a Bujva Xmrk para hbtjbtar, pmr tjrfjra vjz,
iathr a` djrfanm, jb uba fasa nj Im`sa, mpjrè nj lmrda iastabtj afthva.
Bm tjbäa jspjrabzas nj quj dj lujra tab ihjb fmdm jb `as iufkjt scmps,
pjrm pjbsè quj njspuès nj ub thjdpm dj hräa dufcm djemr pmrquj sjräa
fapaz nj msfh`ar uba `äbja dufcm d dás
ás lujrtj. Vä, acmra dj nm nmyy fujbta
nj quj j` prmi`jda prhbfhpa` jra dh lrafasm a `a cmra nj faptar `a
nhljrjbfha jsjbfha` jbtrj j` euoar fmb affhmbjs y j` jspjfu`ar fmb j``as.
Vhb jdiarom, njihnm a dh jxpjrhjbfha nj shjtj añms jb `a `jftura nj `a
fhbta y a fhjrta afthtun batura`
batura` para j` eu
eujom
jom,, dh apujsta jstaia oababnm,
bm uba lmrtuba,
y pjrnäa fmdmfhjrtadjbtj,
abtjs pjrm,pjrm
jb sätèrdhbms
uba tasa ojbjra`js,
nj hbtjrès duy a`ta.oababnm.
jstaia Oabaia
Fuabtm dás
dás oabaia, dás pjrnäa
pjrnäa.. Jsta suj`
suj`jj sjr `a jxpjrhjbfh
jxpjrhjbfhaa nj ``aa
daymräa nj `as pjrsm
pjrsmbas.
bas. Bm, bm bjfjsarhadjbtj `a nj `as quj rjfmojb
nhbjrm láfh`, shbm tadihèb `a nj tmnms `ms sjrjs cudabms quj bm smb
jsf`avms nj` hbsthbtm nj afudu`afhöb. A`oubms cmdirjs, fmdm j` vhjem
Yussj`` Vaoj, tjbäab houa`djbtj njsarrm``anms j` hbsthbtm nj oabar nhbjrm
y j` nj afudu`ar`m y dmräab, pmr supujstm, asqujrmsadjbtj rhfms.
J` eujom nj iathr a` djrfanm
djrfanm dj hbtjrjsaia, jxf`ushvadjbtj,
jxf`ushv adjbtj, njsnj
`as nhjz a `as trjs nj fana näa y, njspuès nj `as trjs, dj njnhfaia a` eujom
nj vhvhr dh prmpha vhna. Bm hbtjrprjtjb da` d dhshs pa`airas
pa`airas.. Bubfa pjrdhtä
quj
tjbäaj`razöb,
p`afjryy bm
`mspmrquj
bjomfhms sj
sul djzf`arab.
sulrhjra
rhjra Fuabnm
nj nhshpafhöb pjrnäa, jra
m jxfjsms. pmrquj
Bubfa bm
cuim
bjrvhms njstrmzanms m dhjdirms jbtudjfhnms pmr j` rmb quj afaiarab
fmb dh euj
eujom.
om. Bm pmnäa pjrdhthrdj bana qquj uj dj hdphnhjra dabtjbjrdj
läshfa y djbta`djbtj jb lmrdlmrda.a. Aub acmra, suj`m jstar jb `a fada a `as
nhjz. Fuab
Fuabnmnm jr
jraa emvjb
emvjb,, bm dj afmstaia ta tarnj,
rnj, pmrquj bm pmnäa ccafjr
afjr
 bjomfhms nj lmrd
lmrdaa anjfuana shb caijr nmrdhnm `m sulhfhjbtj. Jstaia
cafhjbnm a`om dás quj qujnar houa`anm, pmr jsm bm pjbsè quj cuihjra
bjfjshnan nj prhvardj nj `as fmsas
fmsas iujbas nj `a vhna. J` djrfanm jstaia
shjdprj a``ä para sudhbhstra
sudhbhstrar`ms.
r`ms. Xm jstaia anquhrhjbn
anquhrhjbnmm `a ffmblhabza
mblhabza quj
`j ``joa a ub cmdirj orafhas a uba afthtun njsapashmbana cafha su prmphm
dètmnm nj oabarsj j` pab.

:9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

J` prhdjr fadihm quj hbtrmnuej, jb dh eujom, luj j` asubtm nj`

thjdpm. Bm pmnäa jspjrar a quj sj prmnuejra `m sjourm y safar, njspuès,
nj j``m ub pubtm m nms fmdm pmnäa cafjr jb `as iufkjt scmps. ^jbä
^jbäaa quj
jdpjzarrtmb.dufcm
Lu``jrtmb.
Lu``j dás tjdprabm
Jb mtras pa`a iras,, shtjbäa
pa`airas qujräa
qujfmojr j` rhtdm
jstunhar `m quj jb hia
`a mlhfhba nj;
a mfurrhr
mfurrhr;
abthfhpar `ms dmvhdh
dmvhdhjbtms
jbtms nj `as affhmbj
affhmbjs.
s. Jstm sujba jstõph
jstõphnadjbtj
nadjbtj
trhvha`,
trhvh a`, pjrm ya saijb a `m quj dj rjlhjrm. Jra j` fadih fadihmm jb dh prmpha
afthtun cafha j` eu eujom
jom `m quj tjbäa para dä uba hdpmrtab
hdpmrtabfhafha suprjda.
suprjd a. Dj
jbsjñö,
jbsj ñö, pasm
pas m a pasm, `a nhljrjbfha jsjbfha` jbtrj apmstar jb l`uftuafhmbjs
y abthfhpar avabfjs y njsfjbsms hbjvhtai`js, jbtrj euoar y jspjfu`ar.
^jbäa quj rjtrmfjnjr jb dás nj uba cmra jb dhs jstunhms nj`
djrfanm,
djr fanm, `m fua` bm cairäa aprjbnhnm bubfa a cafjr jb `a daymr iufkjt scmp
nj` dubnm. Dj hbtjrjsè pmr hblmrdjs fmdjrfha`js j hborjsms nj` ljrrmfarrh`
y pmr `as jstanästhfas
jstanäst hfas lhbabfhjras y fmdjr
fmdjrfha`j
fha`js.
s. Dj oustaia, pmr supuj supujstm,
stm,
apmstar lujrtjdjbtj
lujrtjdjb tj y dj ``adaiab j` "fchfm nj ``as as apuj
apujstastas";
s"; pjrm
tadihèb dj oustaia iastabtj
iastabt j jstunhar `ms dmvh
dmvhdhjb
dhjbtms.
tms. Bubfa fmbshnj
rè bana dm`jstm shjdprj y fuabnm dj ayunara a mpjrar nj lmrda dás
hbtj`hojbtj. Abtjs nj pmnjr rjsm`vjr j` prmi`jda tjbom quj quj p`abtjár
p`abtjárdj
dj
`m. Fuabnm
Fuab nm frjm caijr jbfmbtran
jbfmb tranmm `a sm`ufh
sm`ufhöb,
öb, njim njdm
njdmstra
strarr quj jstmy
jb `m fhjrtm.
fhjrt m. Vö`m fmbmzf
f mbmzfmm uba dabjra nj cafjr`m,
cafjr`m , y jsa js,
js , fmb dh prmphm
nhbjrm.
@jbtms fmdm pujnab parjfjr dhs prmorjsms, supmbom quj aprjbnä
`m dás ráphnadjbtj quj punj, sh tjbjdms jb fujbta quj, jb fmbeubtm,
jstaia oababnm nhbjrm. Vh cujihjra pjrnhnm fmb daymr lrjfujbfha, dj
cuihjra
tj, dás hbfhtanm a ubnjtjftar.
jrrmrjs quj jstunhm
njtjft ar. dás fmbthbuanm.
Wjrm Cairäanj`
bm jstmy sjourm tjbhnm,
va`mrfhj
fhjrtadjb
rtadjb
jxaft
jxaftmm nj
pjrnjr, pmrquj sh cuihjra pjrnhnm dás, dj cairäa la`tanm j` nhbjrm
sulhfhjbtj para prmiar `ms njsarrm``ms jb dhs dètmnms nj mpjrafhöb
prjvhadjbtj jstunhanms.
A` jstunhar dhs euoana
euo anass vhftmrhmsas
vhftmrhmsa s jb `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba nj Lu``jrtmb njsfu
njsfu
irä quj aubquj, fmb lrjfujbfha, tjbäa razöb jb ub fhjbtm pmr fhjbtm nj `as
vjfjs jb j` djrfanm, js njfhr, jb dh nhaobösthfm nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs y `a
tjbnjbfha ojbjra`, bm jstaia oababnm tabtm nhbjrm fmdm dh "jxafthtun"
nj djrfanm dj naia njrjfcm a j``m
j``m.. ½Wmr què bm sufjnäa asä=
Caiäa dás quj aprjbnjr nj uba vhftmrha parfha` quj nj uba njrrmta.
Wmr jejdp`m,
jejdp `m, ym caiäa shnm a`fhsta njsnj j` dhsdm fmdhjbzm
fmdhj bzm nj
ub djrfanm a`fhsta, y caiäa rjspa`nanm dh mphbhöb fmdprabnm affhmbjs.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj a
affhmbjs
ffhmbjs :6
^a` fmdm caiäa prjnhf
prjnhfcm
cm fmb
fmb f`arhnan, sj prmnuem uba suihna. Casta
aquä, tmnm hia duy ihjb. Wjr Wjrm,
m, ½què mtra fmsa chfj= Jsfufc
Jsf ufcèè a `ms
cmdirjs
cmdir js daymrj
daymrjss y nmdhbè
nmdh bè dh emvjb
emvj b hdpjtumshna
hdpjtumshnan.
n. Dj chfj j` prmpö
prmpö 
shtm nj sjr prunjbtj y euoa
euoarr fm
fmbb fuhna
fuhnanm,
nm, nj lmrda fmbsjrvanmr
fmbsjr vanmra.
a. ^mnm
j` dubnm saiäa quj `a dabjra nj cafjr`m fmbshstäa jb tmdar ijbjlhfhms
y vm`vjr a fmdprar tus affhmbj
affhmbjss jb `a`ass rjaff
rjaffhmbjs.
hmbjs. X jsm js prjfhsadjbtj
prjfhsad jbtj
`m quj chfj m, dás ihjb, `m quj hbtjbt
hbtjbtèè cafj
cafjr;
r; ya quj ym, fmb lrjfujbfha,
lrjfuj bfha,
tmdaia ijbjlhfhms y jspjraia quj sj prmnuejra uba rjaffhöb quj bubfa
``joaia. X ym vjäa quj dh affhöb suiäa nhjz pubtms dás y ym jstaia
sjbtanm a``ä fmb dh ijbjlhfhm nj fuatrm pubtms sjourm jb dh im`sh``m
fmbsjrvanmr. Nhfjb quj ubm bubfa sj vuj`vj pmirj tmdabnm iijbjlhfhms.jbjlhfhms.
Bm, js fhjrtm. Wjrm tadpmfm tj cafjs rhfm tmdabnm ub ijbjlhfhm nj
fuatrm pubtms jb ub djrfanm a`fhsta.
Nmb nj njijräa caijr oabanm vjhbt
Nmbnj vjhbtjj dh` nö`a
nö`arjs,
rjs, oabè nms dh`. Jsm
luj
luj `m quj dh fmbsjrva
fmbsjrvanurhs
nurhsdm
dm chzm pmr dä. Fuabnm njsfunjsfuirä
irä j`
j` pjquj
pjqujñm
ñm
pmrfjbtaej quj jstaia fmbshouhjbnm, jb vjz nj `a fabthnan quj njiäa
oabar, njsfuirä tadihèb a`om dás, y js quj `ms aprmvjfcanms nhlhjrjb
jbtrj j``ms nj afujrnm fmb j` oranm nj jxpjrhjbfha.
J` prhbfhphabtj bm saij bana, y tmnm j` dubnm, hbf`uhnm è` dhsdm,
`m saij. Wjrm j` quj sj jbfu
jbfujbtr
jbtraa jb ub oranm daymr frjj quj saij dufcm
duf cm
y jstm `m fmdubhfa tadihèb a `ms mtrms. È` js j` aprmvjfcanm fmb
jxpjrhjbfha quj ca jstunhanm, bm j` djrfanm dhsdm shbm ubas fuabtas
mphbhmbjs smirj j` djrfanm jxprjsanas pmr ub bõdjrm nj aprmvjfcanms
aõb daymr. J` aprmvjfca
aprmvjfcanmnm nj sjoubnm oranm saij födm cafjr para bm
pjrnjr su nhbjrm nj a`ouba nj `as lmrdas quj thjbj j` prhbfhphabtj

hbjxp
hbjxpjrtm.
fasas jrtm. Js j`mbjs.
nj fmdhsh "sjdhaprmvjfcan
"sjdhaprmv
fmdhshmbjs. jfcanm,"
Nura, pmr m," j`m apmym
tèrdhb
tèrdhbm djn hm,rja`
djnhm, trjsnnjañms
j tmnmy j` añm
hm,jbsh `as
djnhm,
djn sj
fmdpara fmb uba sm`a sjshöb nj trjs a trjhbta sjdabas, quj js `a vhna
bmrda`` nj ub hblraftm
bmrda hblraftmrr nj prhdjr
prhdjraa jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Js, `öoh `öohfadj
fadjbtj,
btj, j`
sjdhaprmvjfcanm quj shjdprj jstá fhtabnm `ms ladmsms almrhsdms nj `a
mpjrafhöb y `as nhvjrsas rjo`as nj` eujom. J` fmbmfj tmnms `ms "bm js" quj
 sa`jb nj `ms `aihms prmlèthfms nj `ms vhjems aftmrjs tmnms jxfjptm ubm,
quj js5 ¡Bm sjas ub aprmvjfcanm
aprmvjfcanm!!
Jstj sjdhaprmvjfca
sjdhaprmvjfcanm nm pjrtjbjfj a` thpm nj `ms quj phjbsab quj
jfcö `a duj`a nnj`
j` euhfhm pmrquj `j jbfabta fmdprar jb `ms njsfjbsms.
@ms jspjra. Dhnj sus oaboas pmr j` bõdj
bõdjrm
rm nj pubtms quj ca `hquhnanm
njsnjj j` tjfcm. Jb `ms orabnjs djrfanm
njsn djrfanmss a`fhstas, j` shdp`j aprmvjfcanm

:> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

anu`tjranm, hobmrabtj pmr fmdp`jtm nj `as rjo`as y prjfjnjbtjs, fmdpra
a fhjoas
fhjoas pmrquj jspjra a fhjoas.
fhjoas . Vafa a` nhbjrm j` dáxhdm parthnm,
parthn m, casta
quj uba nj `as rjaffhmbjs
rjaffhmbjs sabas sj `m quhta jb uba
uba faäna
faäna sõihta. Wjrm j`
aprmvjfcanm
jstaia euoabnm qujnjjdp`ja fuhnanm cafjnj`mafujrnm
lmrda hbtj`hojbtj, quj chfj
fmbym`afuabnm frjä quj
hbtj`hojbfha nj
mtrms. Vaiäa quj
quj njiäa varhar dhsdhs dètmnms nj iufkjt scmp y pjbsaia quj
jstaia rjsm`vhjbnm dh prmi`jda fmb a`oõb fadihm, jspjfha`djbtj ubm
quj hbtjbtaia va`mrjs a`tms nj` mrm nj aufjrnm fmb `ms mpjranmrjs
jxpjrhdjbtanms quj sj jbfmbtraiab jbtrj `ms f`hjbtjs.
@a daymräa nj j``ms -``adèdms`ms f`hjbtjs smb parjfhnms.
parjfhnm s. Vj jb
fujbtrab duy pmfms quj pujnab njfhr cmbranadjbtj quj _a`` Vtrjjt V trjjt bm
`js njij nhbjrm.
nhbjr m. Jb Lu``jrtmb
Lu``jrtm b sj vjäa `a du`thtun nj shjdprj. ¡Nj¡Nj tmnms
`ms oranms! Caiäa ub vhjem
vhjem thpm quj bm jra fmdm `ms
`ms mtrms. Wara jdpjzar,
nhrè quj jra
jra ub cmdirj dufcm
dufcm daymr. Bubfa
Bubfa mlrjf
mlrjfäa
äa avhsm vm`ubtarha
vm`ubtar ha
djbtj y bubfa sj eaftaia
eaft aia nj sus
sus oababfhas.
oabab fhas. Jra duy
duy iujbm jsfufcabnm
atjbtadjbtj a `ms njdás.
njdás . Bm parjfäa sjr duy adhom
adhom nj `ms prmbösthfms
prmbös thfms,,
js njfhr, bubfa prjoubtö a `ms quj cai`aiab `m quj jsfufcarmb m `m quj
saiäab. Wjrm fuabnm a`ouhjb
a`ouhjb `j naia ubm, sj `m aoranjfäa shjdprj duy duy
fmrtjsdjbtj a` prmbmsthfanmr.
A vjfjs, naia `as orafhas nj bujvm a` prmbmsthfanmr, fuabnm j`
prmbösthfm rjsu`taia sjr vjrnanjrm. Wjrm sh bm jra jra vjrnanjrm,
vjrnan jrm, è` bubfa sj
qujeaia, nj dabjra
dabjra quj banhj punhjra njfhr sh è` `m sjouäa m `m njeaia nj
`anm. Jb `a mlhfhba jxhstäa `a `jyjbna nj quj j` vhjem jra rhfm y tjbäa
hbl`ujbfhas. Wjrm bm nmbaia dufcm nhbjrm a `a lhrda a dmnm nj fmdhshm
bjs, a``j djbms
j``ms bana
``adaiab quja banhj
Wavm pujnhjrapmrquj
sus jspa`nas, vjr. Vj ``adaia
tjbäa Wartrhnoj,
ub pjfcm pjrm
duy abfcm
y `a dabäa nj pasjarsj daejstumsadjbtj pmr tmnas `as caihtafhmbjs fmb
`a pubta nj `a iarih``a jb j` pjfcm.
@ms f`hjbtjs quj jstaiab njsjabnm vjrsj lmrzanms a cafjr fmsas
fmdm fu`par nj sus lrafasms a `ms njdás, sm`äab nhrhohrsj a` vhjem
Wartrhnoj para njfhr`j `m quj ub adhom nj ub adhom `js caiäa afmbsjeanm
quj chfhjra fmb rjljrjbfha a uba njtjrdhbana affhöb. J``ms `j njfäab `m
quj bm caiäab cjfcm fmb j` prmbösthfm m fmblhnjbfha, para quj è` `js
nhejra què js `m quj tjbäab quj cafjr.
J` vhjem Wavm, hbf`hbaräa su faijza cafha ub `anm, fmbtjdp`aräa a
su f`hjbtj fmb uba smbrhsa patjrba`, y lhba`djbtj `j nhräa fmb asmdirm,
"¡Xa saijs, j` djrfanm jstá a` a`za!".

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjra nmr nj affhmbjs ::
@j mä njfhr uba
uba vjz y mt
mtra
ra,!
,! "Xa saijs, jstm js ub djrfanm a` a`za!".
Fmdm sh tj jstuvhjra
jstuvhjr a nabnm ub va`hmsm ta`hsdáb jbvuj`tm jb ub sjourm nj
affhnjbtj
affhnj btj nj ub dh``ö
dh``öbb nj nö`arjs. X ym, pmr supujstm,
supujstm, bm fmbsjouä saijr
`m quj qujräa njfhr.
Zb näa, ub dufcafcm ``adanm J`djr Carwmmn, jbtrö aprjsurana
djbtj jb `a mlhfhba, jsfrhihö uba mrnjb y sj `a nhm a` fmbsjrej. Njspuès
sj aprjsurö cafha j` `uoar jb j` quj sj jbfmbtraia Dr. Wartrhnoj,
jsfufcabnm atjbtadjbtj j` rj`atm nj Emcb Labbhbo, smirj fhjrta mfashöb
jb `a quj myö a Kjjbj nar uba
uba mrnjb a ubm nj sus fmrrjnmrjs y tmnm `m quj
Emcb fmbshouhö lujrmb trjs dhsjrai`js pubtms jb fhjb affhmbjs y, pmr
supujstm, jsj dhsdm va`mr suihö vjbthfuatrm pubtms jb trjs näas, eustm
njspuès nj quj Emcb `m vjbnhjra.
Jra, a` djbms, `a fuarta vjz quj Emcb `j fmbtaia `a chstmrha nj su
hblmrtubhm, pjrm j` vhjem Wavm smbrjäa fmdprjbshvadjbtj fmdm sh lujra
`a prhdjra
Ihjb,vjz qujJ`djr
pujs `m mäa.sj nhrhohö a` vhjem, y shb nhsfu`parsj abtj Emcb
Labbhbo, `j nhem; "Dr. Wartrhnoj, afaim nj vjbnjr dh "F`hdax Dmtmrs".
Dh ojbtj nhfj quj j` djrfanm va a rjaffhmbar y quj pmnrè fmdprar`m nj
bujvm dás iaratm. Asä quj `m djemr sjräa quj ustjn chfhjra `m dhsdm,
iujbm, sh js quj tmnaväa `m thjbj. "
J`djr dhrö, smspjfcmsadjbtj, a` cmdirj a` quj caiäa nanm j`
fmbsjem nj fmdpra hbhfha`. J` prmbmsthfanmr alhfhmbanm, phjbsa shjdprj
quj pmsjj a` rjfjptmr nj su prmbösthfm jb fujrpm y a`da, hbf`usm abtjs nj
saijr fua` va a sjr j` rjsu`tanm nj su prmbösthfm.
"¡Vä, Dr. Carwmmn, tmnaväa `m tjbom. Wmr supujstm!" nhem j` Wavm
aoranjfhnadjbtj.
vhjem. Jra ub iujb njta``j pmr partj nj J`djr pjbsar jb j`
"Ihjb, jstj js j` dmdjbtm nj tmdar ijbjlhfh
ijbjlhfhms
ms j hbtrmnufhrsj
hbtrmnufhrs j jb `a
shouhjbtj rjfupjrafhöb",
rjfupjr afhöb", nhem J`djr, fmdm sh afaiara nnjj cafjr `a papj`jta
nj njpöshtm para j` vhjem. Fmdm bm pjrfhiäa bhboõb thpm nj aoranjfhdhjb
tm jbtushasta jb `a fara nj` ijbjlhfharhm, fmbthbuö nhfhjbnm5 "¡Afa
"¡Afaimim nj
vjbnjr tmnas y fana uba nj `as parthfhpafhmbjs quj tjbäa!"
 Wmr su vmz y sus ojstms, sj pmnäa caijr cjfcm uba jsthdafhöb nj
ubas nhjz dh` parthfhpafhmbjs.
Wjrm Dr. Wartrhnoj, dmvhö `a faijza bjoathvadjbtj y nhem, "Bm!
Bm! Bm! Bm pujnm cafjr jsm!"
"½Què=" orhtö J`djr.

:< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

" ¡Vhdp`jdjbtj bm pujn

pujnm!"
m!" nhe
nhemm Dr. Wartr
Wartrhnoj.
hnoj. Vj jbfmbtraia abtj
ub orab prmi`jda.
"½Bm `j afmbsjeè quj fmdprara="
"Jb jljftm, Dr. Carwmmn, y `j jstmy duy aoranjfhnm, nj vjrnan,
sjñmr. Wjrm..."
"¡Zb dmdjbtm! ¡Nèejdj cai`ar!½X bm jxpjrhdjbtö jsj va`mr
uba suihna nj shjtj pubtms jb shjtj näas= ½Vh m bm=.
"Vä `m chzm, y `j jstmy duy aoranjfhn
aoranjfhnmm qujrhnm dufc
dufcafcm
afcm,, pjrm bm
pujnm bh shquhjra pjbsar jb vjbnjr jsms va`mrjs. "
"½Bm pujnj=" prjoubtö J`djr, fmdjbzabnm a nunar. Js iastabtj
lrjfujbtj quj `ms quj nab fmbsjems `ms rjfhiab.
"Bm, bm pmnräa."
"½Wmr què bm=", hbshsthö J`djr.

¡Wmrquj
cuihjra nanm ubaèstj
`aroajsyubnjta``ana
djrfanmjxp`hfafhöb.
a` a`za! J` vhjem `m nhem fmdm sh
"Nj afujrnm", nhem J`djr, fmb aspjftm lurhmsm pmr `a njsh`ushöb.
"Xm sè quj jstj djrfanm js a`fhsta tab ihjb fmdm ustjn. Wjrm `m djemr
quj pujnj cafjr js njscafjrsj nj jsms va`mrjs y vm`vjr a fmdprar`ms jb
`a rjaffhöb. Wmnräa pjrljftadjbtj rjnufhr j` fmstj."
"Dh qujrhnm dufcafcm,"nhem j` vhjem Wartrhnoj, fmb orab njsfmb
fhjrtm, "dh qujrhnm dufcafcm, sh vjbnhjra jsms va`mrjs acmra, pjrnjräa
dh pmshfhöb; y ½nöbnj dj jbfmbtraräa njspuès="
J`djr Carwmmn j`jvö sus dabms, aohtm `a faijza y fadhbö cafha
dä jb iusfa nj fmdprjbs
fmdprjbshöb5
höb5 "½Zstjn `m jbthj
jbthjbnj=
bnj="" dj prjou
prjoubtö
btö jb uba
jspjfha nj susurrm. "¡@j jstmy prjoubtabnm!".
Bm nhej bana. Wmr `m tabtm è` fmbthbuö5 "@j nmy ub prmbösthfm
smirj F`hdax Dmtmrs. Fmdpra quhbhjbtas parthfhpafhmbjs. Fmbshouj ub
ijbjlhfhm nj shjtj pubtms y ym `j afmbsjem quj sa`oa y `ms vuj`va a
fmdprar jb `a rjaffh
rjaffhöb,
öb, ``aa rjaffhöb sufjnjrá, jsm jstá f`arm njsnj acmra.
½Xquè rjspmbnj fuabnm sj `m nhom= Nhfj quj sh `m vjbnj pjrnjrá su
traiaem. ½Què phjbsas nj jsm="
 "Wjrnmbj Dr. Carwmmn; ym bm nhej quj pjrnjräa dh traiaem", hb
tjrrudphö j` vhjem. " Nhej quj pjrnjräa dh pmshfhöb. X fuabnm sja tab
vhjem fmdm ym, y caya sulrhnm
sulrhnm tabtm jst
jstadphnm
adphnm y pábhfm fmdm yym,
m, sairá
quj `a pmshfhöb js a`om quj banhj pujnj pjrdhthrsj j` `uem nj pjrnjr, bh
shquhjra Emcb N. Ymfkjlj``jr. Xm jspjrm quj `ms va`mrjs rjaffhmbjb y
quj pujna ustjn vm`vjr a fmdprar a uba fmbfjshöb sustabfhmsa. Wjrm ym

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

:?

sö`m pujnm mpjrar nj afujrnm fmb `a jxpjrhjbfha nj `ms añms. Waouè pmr
j``a ub a`tm prjfhm y bm jstmy nhspujstm
nhsp ujstm a njspjrnhfhar`a.
njspjrnhf har`a. Wjr
Wjrm `j jstmy tab
tab
aoranjfhnm fmdm sh tuvhjra j` nhbjrm jb j` iabfm. "Xa saij, js ub
djrfanm a`fhsta". X sj luè, njeabnm a J`djr tmta`djbtj asmdiranm pmr
`a jxprjshöb mhna.
@m quj j` vhjem Dr. Wartrhnoj
Wartrhno j nhem bm tuvm dufcm shobh
shobhlhlhfa
fanm
nm para
dä casta quj fmdjbfè a pjbsar jb dhs budjrmsms lrafasms a `a cmra nj
cafjr nhbjrm jb j` djrfanm, fuabnm jstaia jb j` `anm fmrrjftm nj`
djrfanm jb ojbjra`. Fuabtm dás jstunhaia, dás dj naia fujbta nj `m
saihm quj jra j` vhjem. Jvhnjbtjdjbtj,
Jvhnjbt jdjbtj, è` caiäa sulrhnm j` dhsdhsdmdm njljftm
njljftm
jb su euvjbtun y fmbmfäa su njih`hnan cudaba. Bm fajräa jb uba
tjbtafhöb quj sjoõb `j caiäa jbsjñanm `a jxpjrhjbfha, jra nhläfh` nj
rjshsthr y quj caiäa njdmstranm sjr njdashanm fara para è`, a` houa` quj
para dä.
Frjm quj luj
luj ub orab pasm jb dh jnufa
jn ufafhö
fhöb,
b, j` cjfcm
cjfcm nj
nj njsfuirhr,
pmr lhb, `m quj j` vhjem qujräa njfhr a sus f`hjbtjs fmb `a lra
lrasj
sj,, "¡Ihjb, ya
saij, js ub djrfanm a`fhsta!", `m quj qujräa njfhr js quj j` orab nhbjrm
bm jstaia jb `as l`uftuafhmbjs hbnhvhnua`js, shbm jb `ms dmvhdhjbtms
prhbfhpa`js, m sja, bm jb `a `jftura nj `a fhbta , shbm jb j` tadañm nj tmnm
j` djrfanm y nj su tjbnjbfha.
X acmra, nèejbdj njfhr uba fmsa5 Njspuès nj pasar dufcms añms
jb _a`` Vtrjjt y njspuès nj oabar y pjrnjr dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs quhjrm
njfhr`js jstm5 Bubfa luj dh pjbsadhjbtm `m quj chzm quj fmbshouhjra fmbshouh jra
dufcm nhbjrm. Jra shjdprj dh asjbtadhjbtm. ½@m cab fmehnm=¡Vjbtarsj!
Bm cay bhboõb trufm jb j` cjfcm nj jbfmbtrarsj ihjb shtuanm jb j`
djrfanm. Cay shjdprj dufcas a`zas tjdprabas jb `ms djrfanms a` a`za
y dufcas iaeas tjdprabas jb `ms djrfanms a `a iaea. Cj fmbmfhnm
dufcms cmdirjs quj jstaiab jb j` `uoar anjfuanm y jb j` dmdjbtm
anjfuanm , y fmdjbzaiab a fmdprar m a vjbnjr va`mrjs jb j` bhvj` jxaftm
nj dáxhdm ijbjlhfhm. X sus jxpjrhjbfhas jrab jxaftadjbtj houa`js quj
`as däas, m sja, bm fmbshouhjrmb bhboõb ijbjlhfhm hdpmrtabtj. @ms
cmdirjs quj jstèb jb `a shtuafhöb anjfuana, y quj sjab fapafjs nj
sjbtarsj,
sjbta rsj, smb duy jsfasms.
jsfasms . Frjm quj js uba nj `as fmsas dás
dás nhläfh`js nj
aprjbnjr. Wjrm ub mpjranmr sm`m pujnj cafjr nhbjrm, sh js p`jbadjbtj
fmbsfhjbtj nj jstm. Js `htjra`djbtj fhjrtm quj `ms dh``mbjs vhjbjb fmb
dás lafh`hnan fuabnm j` mpjranmr saij födm mpjrar, quj jb `ms näas nj
hobmrabfha.

:3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

@a razöb js quj ub cmdirj pujnj vjr `as fmsas f`aras y nhrjftas

y a pjsar nj j``m tjbjr nunas y vm`vjrsj hdpafhjbtj fuabnm j` djrfanm
tarna jb cafjr `m quj è` phjbsa quj njij cafjr. Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj
dufcms cmdirjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt, quj bm smb jb aism`utm tmbtms, bh
shquhjra nj tjrfjr oranm, shoujb pjrnhjbnm nhbjrm. Bm `ms njrrmta j`
djrfanm. Vj njrrmtab j``ms dhsdms, pmrquj a pjsar nj quj thjbjb
hbtj`hojbfha, bm sj saijb sjbtar. J` vhjem pavm tjbäa dufca razöb fuabnm
cafäa `m quj cafäa. Bm sö`m tjbäa j` fmraej nj sus fmbvhffhmbjs, shbm
pafhjbfha j hbtj`hojbfha para sjbtarsj.
Njear nj `anm `a msf
msfh`afhö
h`afhöbb prhbfhpa`,
prhbfhpa `, y tratar nj sa`tar cafha njbtrm
y cafh
cafhaa lujr
lujra,
a, dj rjsu
rjsu`tö
`tö lata`. Banhj pujnj rjohstrar tmnas `as l`uftua
fhmbjs. Jb ub djrfanm a` a`za j` eujom fmbshstj jb fmdprar y dabtjbjr
casta quj j` djrfanm a` a`za jstè fjrfa nj` lhb. Wara cafjr jstm njij
jstunhar `as fmbnhfhmbjs
m `ms laftmrjs jspjfha`jsojbjra`js
aljftjb nj` djrfanm
a `ms va`mrjsshbhbnhvhnua`js.
quj `as prjnhffhmbjs
Njspuès
njscáoasj nj tmnms `ms va`mrjs; ¡njscáoasj nj j``ms pjrdabjbtjdjbtj!
Jspjrj casta quj vja, m sh `m prjlhjrj, casta quj frja vjr, j` ohrm nj`
djrfanm ; j` fmdhjbzm nj `a vuj`ta nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js. Wara
cafjr jstm thjbj quj uth`hzar su vhshöb y su fjrjirm; nj mtrm dmnm dh
fmbsjem sjräa tab hnhmta fmdm njfhr`j quj fmdprj iaratm y vjbna dás
farm. Zba nj `as fmsas dás prmvjfcmsas quj ubm pujnj aprjbnjr js
njear nj hbtjbtar a`fabzar j` õ`thdm mftavm, m j` prhdjrm. Jstas nms smb
`as nms mftavas dás faras nj` dubnm. @js cab fmstanm a `ms mpjranmrjs
nj affhmbjs dh``mbjs sulhfhjbtjs fmdm para fmbstruhr uba autmphsta a
travès nj` fmbthbjbtj.
Mtra fmsa quj fmdjbfè a bmtar fuabnm jstunhaia dhs p`abjs jb `a
mlhfhba nj Lu``jrtmb,
Lu``j rtmb, tras
tr as jdp
jdpjzar
jzar a mpjrar dás hbthbtj`hojb
j`hojbtjdjbt
tjdjbtj,
j, luj quj
dhss mpjrafhmbjs hbhfha`js fash bubfa dj dmstraiab uba pèrnhna.
dh pèrnhna. Batura`
Batura`
djbtj, jstm dj njfhnhö a fmdjbzar a `m orabnj. Dj nhm fmblhabza jb dh
prmphm euhfhm abtjs nj pjrdhthr quj èstj sj vhfhara pmr `ms fmbsjems nj `ms
njdás
njd ás m pmr dh prmpha hdpafhj
hd pafhjbfha
bfha.. Jb jstj euj
eujom,
om, banh
banhjj ``joa duy `jems sh
bm thjbj fmblhabza jb su prmphm frh
frhtjrhm
tjrhm.. Jstm js tmnm `m quj cj aprjbnhnm,
aprjbnhnm ,
para jstunhar `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js, tmdar uba pmshfhöb y aljrrar dj a
j``a. Vè jspjrar shb hdpafhjbtardj. Wujnm jblrjbtardj fmb trabquh`h
nan a ub fmbtrathjdpm, saihjbnm quj js sm`m tjdpmra`. Cj jstanm a fmrtm
fmb fhjb dh` parthfhpafhmbjs y cj vhstm quj sj afjrfaia uba orab rjfupj
rafhöb. Wjbsè, y pjbsè fmrrjftadjbtj, quj ta` rjfupjrafhöb jra hbjvhta-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs :8

i`j, y quj nj lmrda o`mia`, rjprjsjbtaräa uba nhljrjbfha nj ub dh``öb nj
nö`arjs jb dh cmea nj ijbjlhfhms. X shb jdiarom, dj cj dabtjbhnm lhrdj
y cj vhstm jvapmrarsj `a dhtan nj `ms ijbjlhfhms, shb tjbjr bubfa jb fmb
shnjrafhöb j` fmbsjem nj fuirhr `ms fmrtms para vm`vjr a safar`ms jb `a
rjfupjrafhöb. Vaiäa quj sh `m cafäa pmnäa pjrnjr dh pmshfhöb y fmb j``m
`a fjrtjza nj ub orab ijbjlhfhm.
Vh aprjbnä jstm tab njspafhm, js pmrquj aprjbnä nj dhs jrrmrjs y,
ojbjra`djbtj, trabsfurrj
trabsfurr j a`oõb thjdpm njsnj quj fmdjtjs ub jrrmr casta
quj tj nas fujbta nj j``m, y tmnaväa dás thjdpm njsnj quj tj nas fujbta nj
j``m casta quj jrjs fapaz nj njtjrdhbar`m.
njtjrd hbar`m. Wjrm a` dhsdm thjdpm `m jstaia
cafhjbnm duy a oustm y jra duy emv emvjb,
jb, asä quj `m cafäa nj mtrm dmnm. @a
daymräa nj dhs oababfhas jrab tmnaväa j` rjsu`tanm nj `a `jftura nj `a
fhbta, pmrquj `ms thpms nj djrfanm quj sj jstaiab prmnufhjbnm sj
prjstaiab duy ihjb a dh dètmnm. Anjdás, tadpmfm jstaia pjrnhjbnmpjrnhjbn m tab
a djbunm, y nj dmnm tabtab hrrh
hrrhtabtj,
tabtj, fmdm a` fmdhjbzm nnjj dhs jxpjrhjbfhas
jxpjrhjbfh as
jb Bujva Xmrk. J` cjfcm nj jstar jb `a ruhba trjs vjfjs jb djbms nj nms
añms, bm jra bana nj `m quj jstar mrou``msm. X fmdm ya nhej, j` cjfcm nj
jstar jb `a ruhba js uba aojbfha nj jnufafhöb duy jlhfhjbtj.
Bm hbfrjdjbtaia dh faphta` duy ráphnadjbtj, pmrquj shjdprj
vhväa a` näa. Bm dj prhvaia nj `as dufcas fmsas quj qujräa ub fchfm nj
dh jnan y nj dhs
dhs oustms
ou stms.. ^jbäa dh prmphm autautmdövh`,
mdövh`, y bm `j vjäa bhboõb
sjbthnm a vhvhr pjmr fuabnm `m jstaia safabnm tmnm nj` djrfanm. J` thfkjr
sö`m paraia `ms nmdhboms y `ms näas nj lhjsta, quj js fmdm njiäa sjr. Fana
vjz qj ca``aia `a razöb nj uba pèrnhna m j` födm m pmrquè nj mtrm jrrmr,
añanäa mtrm bujvm ¡Bm! a dh `hsta nj ihjbjs, y j` djemr djemr dmnm nj
faphta`hzar dh frjfhjbtj afthvm jra bm fmrtabnm dhs oastms. Wmr supujstm,
tuvj a`oubas jxpjrhjbfhas aoranai`js y mtras quj bm `m lujrmb tabtm, pjrm
sh `as fmbtara tmnas njta``anadjbtj bm tjrdhbaräa bubfa. Nj cjfcm, `ms
õbhfms hbfhnjbtjs quj rjfujrnm, shb ub jslujrzm jspjfha`, smb `ms quj dj
jbsjñarmb a`om nj ub va`mr njlhbhnm jb `a mpjrafhöb; a`om quj añanhr a
dh a`dafèb nj fmbmfhdhjbtms nj` eujom, ¡y nj dä dhsdm!.
 \H
Jb `a prhdavjra
vafafhmbjs. nj `anm
Njeè nj 187<`asjstuvj jb yAt`abthf
affhmbjs pjbsaiaFhty pasabnm
tab sm`m ubas
jb tjbjr ubfmrtas
fadihm
nj ahrjs y ub iujb njsfabsm. Nj pasm,
pa sm, caiäa vuj`tm nj bujvm a dhs abthoums
fmrrjnmrjs, Carnhbo Irmtcjrs, y dh fujbta sj caiäa vuj`tm iastabtj afthva.
Wmnäa msfh`ar jbtrj
jbtrj trjs dh` m fuatrm dh` parthfhpafhm
parthfhpafhmbjs.
bjs. Bm jra dufcm dás
nj `m quj caiäa cjfcm jb `a vhjea Fmsdmpm`hta
Fmsdmpm`htabb scmp fuabnm apjbas tjbäa
vjhbtj añms nj jnan. Wjrm caiäa a`ouba nhljrjbfha jbtrj j` darojb nj
oarabtäa nj ub pubtm nj `a iufkjt scmp y j` darojb rjqujrhnm pmr `ms
fmrrjnmrjs quj fmdpraiab m vjbnäab va`mrjs pmr dh fujbta jb `a Im`sa
nj Bujva Xmrk.
Quhzá rjfujrnj `a chstmrha quj fmbtè afjrfa nj aquj``a vjz quj
jstaia a fmrtm jbnjtrjs
prjsjbthdhjbtm qujdh`
a`om quhbhjbtas
hia da`, yVuoar
pmr `mjbtabtm
`a Fmsdmpm`htab
`m djemr jra yfjrrar
tuvj j`
`a
mpjrafhöb. Ihjb, pujs cj tjbhnm duy a djbunm jsj furhmsm prjsjbthdhjb
tm. Fmdm bmrda, dj nje njemm ``jvar pmr è`. Wjrm a vjfjs cj njsjfcanm `a hnja
y dj cj nhfcm a dh dh dhsdm
sdm quj jra shdp`jdjbtj
shdp`jdjbtj jstõphnm sjouhr jsms
fhjoms hdpu`sms rjpjbthbms nj hbvjrthr dh pmshfhöb. Cj afcafanm jstj
prjsjbthdhjbtm a ub jstanm nj bjrvhms rjsu`tabtj nj ub j`jvanm bõdjrm
 nj fhoarrh``ms, m nj la`t
la`taa nj sujñm, m nj prmi`jdas rjba`js m a`o
a`omm parjfhnm.
Vhjdprj quj dj cj fmbvjbfhnm nj pasar pmr a`tm jstj hdpu`sm y dj cj
dabtjbhnm lhrdj, dj cj arrjpjbthnm nj j``m. Dj ca pasanm nmfjbas nj
vjfjs, j` fasm nj bm vjbnjr shouhjbnm j` hdpu`sm, a` näa sjouhjbtj iaea iaeaia
ia
a `a fhunan, dj nhrhoäa a `a Im`sa y misjrvaia quj j` djrfanm jra lujrtj,

<1

<9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

m hbf`usm jstaia avabzabnm, y jbtmbfjs dj njfäa `m tmbtm quj cuihjra

shnm cafjr fasm a aquj` hdpu`sm fhjom. Wjrm a` näa shouhjbtj, sj prmnufäa
uba fahna rjpjbthba. Vj caiäa al`meanm a`om jb a`oõb `anm y ym cairäa
cjfcm nhbjrm nj bm sjr tab `öohfm y aounm. @a razöb bm jra lhshm`öohfa,
shbm pshfm`öohfa.
^ab sm`m fmbtarè ubm nj jstms fasms, pmr tmnm `m quj shobhlhfö para
dä. Mfurrhö fuabnm jstaia pasabnm aquj``as pjqujñas vafafhmbjs jb
At`abthf Fhty jb `a prhdavjra nj 187<. ^jbäa fmbdhom a ub adhom quj
tadihèb jra f`hjbtj nj `ms Carnhbo Irmtcjrs. Xm, nj a`ouba dabjra, bm
tjbäa hbtjrès jb j` djrfanm, tab sm`m jstaia tratabnm nj njsfabsar.
Vhjdprjj pujnm njea
Vhjdpr njearr `a mpjrafhöb
mpjrafhöb pmr j` eujom, a` djbms, pmr supujstm,
quj sj tratj nj ub djrfanm jxfjpfhmba`djbtj afthvm jb j` quj tjboa
lujrtjs
lujrtjs fmdprmdhsms. Yjfujrnm quj j` dj djrfanm
rfanm jstaia a` a`za. J` aspjftm
ojbjra` jra lavmrai`j para `ms bjomf
bjomfhms
hms y j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs caiäa
njsfjbnhnm ub pmfm, pjrm j` tmbm jra lhrdj y tmnms `ms hbnhfanmrjs
sjña`aiab `a suihna nj prjfhms.
Zba dañaba njspuès nj tmdar j` njsayubm, tjrdhbar nj `jjr tmnms
`ms pjrhönhfms datuthbms nj Bujva Xmrk y fabsarbms nj dhrar fmdm `as
oavhmtas fmeäab a`djeas, vm`aiab ffmb mb j``as casta uba a`tura nj vjhbtj phjs
y `as njeaiab fajr jb `a arjba cõdjna para airhr`as y tmdar`as fmdm
njsayubm,, dh adhom y ym luhdms a nnar
njsayubm ar ub pasj
pasjm.
m. Jsm jra `m dás jxfhtabtj
jx fhtabtj
quj cafhadms nurabtj j` näa.
^mnaväa bm jra djnhmnäa, y bmsmtrms pasjáiadms trabquh`adjbtj
para pasar j` thjdpm y rjsphrar j` ahrj sa`anm. Carnhbo Irmtcjrs tjbäa uba
sufursa` jb Imarnwa`k y bmsmtrms sm`äadms jbtrar fana dañaba y vjr
födm sj caiäa aihjrtm j` djrfanm.
djr fanm. Jra dás
dás `a lujrza
lujrza nj `a fmstudirj quj
bhbouba mtra fmsa.
Jbfmbtradms quj j` djrfanm jra lujrtj y afthvm. Dh adhom quj
jstaia pmshfhmbanm a` a`za, ``jvaia uba `äbja nj fmdpra iastabtj dmnj
rana varhms pubtms pmr njiaem. Fmdjbzö a njfhrdj quj jra uba pmstura
duy saiha dabtjbjr `ms va`mrjs casta quj `ms prjfhms lujrab dufcm dás
a`tms. Bm `j jstaia prjstabnm dufca atjbfhöb, asä quj bh dj dm`jstè jb
nar`j `a razöb. Xm jstaia dhra
dhrabnm
bnm j` tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs, misjrvabnm
`ms fadihms, fash tmnms jrab avabfjs, casta quj ``jouè a Zbhöb Wafhlhf.
^uvj j` prjsjbthdhjbtm
Vm`m sjbtä nj quj tjbäa
quj njiäa vjbnjr`m. quj vjbnjr`m.
Dj prjoubtaia Bmdhsdm
a dh punj njfhr`j
pmrquèdás.
dj
sjbtäa asä, y bm punj ca``ar bhbouba razöb para hr a fmrtm jb ZW.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs <6

Misjrvè j` õ`thdm prjfhm nj` tai`jrm
tai`j rm casta quj bm punj vjr ya dás fhlras,
bh tai`jrm, bh bana. @m õbhfm quj saiäa js quj qujräa vjbnjr Zbhmb Wafhlh
Wafhlhff
y bm pmnäa njsfuirhr pmrquè.
Njiha tjbjr ub aspjftm jxtrañm, pmrquj dh adhom, quj jstaia nj
phj a dh `anm, dj nhm fmb j` fmnmfmnm nj rjpjbtj y prjoubtö, "Cjy, ½quj
pasa="
"Bm `m sè", rjspmbnä.
"½^j jstás qujnabnm nmrdhnm=", nhem.
"Bm", nhej. "Bm dj jstmy qujnabnm nmrdhnm. @m quj vmy a cafjr
js vjbnjr jsms va`mrjs." Vhjdprj cj cjfcm nhbjrm njeábnmdj ``jvar pmr
dhs prjsjbthdhjbtms.
Dj nhrhoä cafha uba djsa jb `a quj caiäa varhas örnjbjs jb i`abfm.
Dh adhom dj shouhö. Jsfrhiä uba mrnjb para vjbnjr dh` affhmbjs nj
Zbhmb Wafhlhf jb j` djrfanm y sj `m nh a` dabaojr. Vmbrjäa dhjbtras ym
`m jsfrhiäa y tadihèb fuabnm sj `m nh.
n h. Wjrm fuabnm `jyö `m quj pmbäa njeö
nj smbrjhr y dj dhrö.
"½Jstá jstm fmrrjftm=", dj prjoubtö. Wjrm ym tab sm`m `j dhrè y sj
nhrhohö aprjsuranadjbtj cafha j`j` mpjranmr.
"½Què jstas cafhjbnm=", prjoubtö dh adhom.
"¡@m jstmy
jstmy vjbnhjbnm!" , `j nhej.
"½\jbnhjbnm j` què=" dj orhtö. Vh è` jstaia a` a`za, födm hia ym
a jstar a `a iaea= A`om hia da`.
"Dh` affhmbjs
affhmbjs nj ZW", nhej.
"½Wmrquè=" dj prjoubtö duy jxfhtanm.
Aohtè `a faijza, qujrhjbnm
qujrhjb nm njfhr quj bm caiäa bhbouba razöb. Wjrm
è` njihö
irazm pjbsar
y dj ``jvöquj tjbäa
a` ca``, jba`oõb
nmbnjthpm nj prmbösthfm,
bhboubm nj `ms mtrmspmrquj
f`hjb tjsdj
f`hjbtjs tmdö
pmnäa nj`
vjrbms
bh märbms.
"½Què cas mhnm=", dj prjoubtö.
Jstaia
Jstaia iastabtj
iastabtj jxfhtanm.
jxfh tanm. Z.W. jra ubm nj sus "fafcmrrh``ms" y jstaia
a` a`za fmb
fmb j``ms
j``ms pmr sus
sus oababfhas y sus pjrspjf
pj rspjfthvas
thvas.. Wjrm jstaia nhspujstm
nhspujst m
a tmdar ub prmbösthfm iaehsta.
 "¡Bana!", nhej.
"½Vjourm=
"½Vjourm=.. Jstaia iastabtj jsfèpthfm y `m dmstraia f`aradjbtj.
"Bm cj mhnm
mhnm bana"
"Jbtmbfjs, ½pmr què `m vas a vjbnjr="
"Bm `m sè", `j nhej. X jsm jra tmna `a vjrnan.

<> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"¡Mc, vadms @arry!, nhem.
È` saiäa quj ym shjdprj afmstudiraia a fmbmfjr pmrquè jljftuaia
fana mpjrafhöb. Caiäa
Caiäa vjbnhnm dh` parthfhpafhmbjs nj Zbhmb Wafhlhf. Wmr `m
tabtm, njiäa
djrfanm tab tjbjr
lujrtj.uba iujba razöb para vjbnjr tabtas affhmbjs fmb ub
"Bm `m sè", rjpjtä.
rjpjtä . "Vm`m tjbom jj`` prjsjbthdhjbtm
prjs jbthdhjbtm nj quj va a pasar
a`om".
"½Què js `m quj va a pasar="
"Bm `m sè. Bm pujnm nartj bhbouba razöb. ^mnm `m quj sè js quj `m
quhjrm vjbnjr. X anjdás vmy a vjbnjr mtrms dh` dás.
"\m`vä a jbtrar jb `a mlhfhba y nh `a mrnjb nj vjbnjr mtras dh`
affhmbjs". Vh tjbäa razöb a` vjbnjr `as dh` prhdjras, njiäa vjbnjr a`om
dás.
"½Què js
js `m quj pujnj pasar=" hbshstäa dh adhom, quj bm afaiaia
nj njfhnhrsj a sjouhr dhs pasms. Vh `j cuihjra nhfcm quj caiäa mänm quj
ZW hia a iaear, cuihjra vjbnhnm shb prjoubtardj pmrquè m nj quhèb `m
caiha mhnm. "½Wjrm, què js `m quj pmnräa pasar= prjoubtaia mtra vjz.
"Wmnräab pasar ub dh``öb nj fmsas. Wjrm bm pujnm prmdjtèrtj`m.
Bm pujnm nartj bhbouba razöb bh `jjr j` luturm," `j nhej.
"Jbtmbfjs js quj jstás ``mfm",
mfm", nhem. "Fmdp`jtadjbtj `m `mfm,
fm, sh js quj
vas a vjbnjr shb bhbouba razöb. ½Bm saijs pmr què quhjrjs vjbnjr=."
"Bm sè pmr qu
quèè quhjrm vjbnjr`
vjbnjr`m.
m. Vm`m sè quj quhjrm cafjr`m,"
cafjr` m," nhej.
"Vhdp`jdjbtj quhjrm cafjr`m". @a sjbsafhöb jra tab lujrtj quj vjbnä
mtrms dh`.
Jsm luj ya njdashanm para dh adhom. Dj aoarrö nj` irazm y nhem,
"¡\adms! Va`oadms nj aquä abtjs nj quj vjbnas tmnm tu faphta` y dufcm
dás."
Caiäa vjbnhnm tmnm `m quj bjfjshtaia para sathslafjr dh prjsjbth
dhjbtm,
dhjbt m, pmr `m tabtm `j sjouä shb jspjrar `a hblmrdafhöb nj `as nms dh` õ`thdas
affhmbjs. Jrab ub dmbtöb nj affhmbjs a vjbnjr, aubquj cuihjra tjbhnm `a
djemr nj `as razmbjs.
 Jra duy arrhjsoanm parthfu`ardjbtj fuabnm j` djrfanm jra tab
lujrtj y bm caiäa bana quj punhjra cafjr pjbsar jb `a pmshih`hnan nj
ub djrfanm a `a iaea. Wjrm rjfmrnaia quj, jb abtjrhmrjs mfashmbjs,
fuabnm sjbtäa `a dhsda bjfjshnan nj vjbnjr y bm `m cafäa, tjbäa
shjdprj razmbjs para arrjpjbthrdj nj bm caijr`m cjfcm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs <:

Caiäa fmbtanm a`ouba nj jstas chstmrhas a dhs adhoms, y a`oubms
nj j``ms dj nhejrmb quj bm sj trataia nj ub prjsjbthdhjbtm, shbm nj `a
djbtj suifmbsfhjbtj, quj js `a djbtj frjathva, jb lubfhmbadhjbtm. Jsa
js `a djbtj
Quhzás, jb quj
dh cafj
fasm,qujsj `ms arthstas
trataia nj`caoab
caojljftm
ab fmsas shb quj sjpab
afudu`athvm nj pmr què.
què .
dufcas
pjqujñas fmsas, hbnhvhnua`djbtj hbshobhlhfabtjs, pjrm fm`jfthvadjbtj
pmnjrmsas. Wmshi`jdjbtj, j` sjbthdhjbtm a`fhsta pmfm hbtj`hojbtj nj dh
adhom frjö jb dh ub jspärhtu nj fmbtranhffhöb quj rjl`jeè jb ZW, pmrquj
jstaia duy sm`hfhtanm.
sm`hfhta nm. Bm pujnm njfhr fua`js jrab `as fausas nj dhs prj
sjbthdhjbtms. ^mnm `m quj sè js quj sa`äa nj `a sufursa` nj Carnhbo
Irmtcjrs jb At`abthf Fhty njspuès nj vjbnjr trjs dh` parthfhpafhmbjs nj
ZW jb ub djrfanm a` a`za, y bm jstaia prjmfupanm jb aism`utm.
Qujräa saijr fua` jra j` prjfhm quj caiäab fmbsjouhnm para dhs
nms dh` õ`thdas affhmbjs. Wmr `m tabtm, njspuès nj fmdjr, dj nhrheä cafha
`a mlhfhba.
Zbhöb ^uvjjstaia
Wafhlhf j` p`afjr
dásnja`ta.
vjr quj j` djrfanm ojbjra` jra lujrtj y quj
"Frjm js tu lhba`", nhem dh adhom. Vj pmnäa vjr quj è` jstaia
sathsljfcm nj bm caijr vjbnhnm bhbouba.
J` näa shouhjbtj, j` djrfanm
djrfa nm ojbjra
ojbjra`` suihö ub pmfm dás y ym sm`m mäa
a`jorjs fmdjbtarhms
fmdjbt arhms pmr partj nj dh adhom.
ad hom. Wjrm ym jstaia sjourm nj quj
caiäa aftuanm ihjb a` vjbnjr ZW, y bubfa dj hdpafhjbtm fuabnm sè quj
tjbom razöb ½Wara què=. Jsa tarnj, Zbhöb Wafhlhf njeö nj suihr, y cafha
j` lhba` nj` näa fmdjbzö a iaear. Duy prmbtm njsfjbnhö casta ub pubtm
pmr njiaem nj` bhvj` nj `a djnha nj dhs trjs dh` affhmbjs. Jbtmbfjs dj
sjbtä dás sjourm quj bubfa nj quj jstaia jb j` `anm fmrrjftm, y ya quj

dj sjbtäaya
`m tabtm, njfjrfa
jsj dmnm, tjbäa quj
nj` fhjrrj, vjbnävjbnjr
mtras a`oubas
nms dh` dás, batura`djbtj. Wmr
affhmbjs.
Acä jstaia ym, a fmrtm jb fhbfm dh` affhmbjs nj ZW, pmr ub prjsjb
thdhjbtm
thdh jbtm.. Jsm js tmnm `m quj punj
pun j vjbnjr jb `a mlhfhba Carnhb
Car nhbo,
o, nj afujrnm
fmb j` darojb
daro jb nj oarabtäa
oarabt äa quj tjbäa. Jra njdashana vjbta nj affhmbjs,
affhmbj s, para
ubas vafafhmbjs; pmr `m tabtm dj m`vhnè nj `as vafafhmbjs y vm`vä a Bujva
Xmrk jsa dhsda bmfcj.
bmf cj. Bm saiäa
sai äa `m quj pmnräa
pmnr äa pasar, y pjbsè quj `m djemr
 jra jstar a`jrta. Nj jsj dmnm dj pmnräa dmvjr ráphnadjbtj sh js quj
``joaia `a mfashöb.
J` näa shouhjbtj, ``joarmb `as bmthfhas nj` tjrrjdmtm nj Vab Lrabfhsfm.
Luè ub njsastrj. Wjrm j` djrfanm airhö sö`m ub par nj pubtms pmr njiaem.
@as lujrzas a`fhstas jstaiab jb lubfhmbadhjbtm, y j` põi`hfm bubfa js hb-

<< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr

mpjr anmr nj affhmbjs
aff hmbjs

njpjbnhjbtjdjbtj sjbshi`j abtj `as bmthfhas. Jsm sj pujnj vjr fmbthbua

djbtj. Vh jxhstj ub sö`hnm lubnadjbtm a`fhsta, tabtm
tabt m sh `m quj `ms
pjrhönhfms ``adab dabhpu`afhöb a`fhsta jsta mfurrhjbnm m bm, fhjrtas
bmthfhas njeab nj tjbjr j` jljftm
jljft m quj tjbnräab sh `a Fa``j lujra iaehsta.
Vj trata nj` sjbthdhjbtm. Jb jstj fasm, `a Fa``j bm aprjfhö `a
jxtjbshöb nj `a fatástrmlj pmrquj bm `m njsjaia. Abtjs nj quj lhba`hzara
j` näa `ms prjfhms vm`vhjrmb.
Jstaia a fmrtm jb fhbfm dh` affhmbjs, j` om`pj caiäa lrafasanm,
pjrm dhs affhmbjs bm. Dh prjsjbthdhjbtm jra nj prhdjra fatjomräa, pjrm
dh fujbta jb j` iabfm bm frjfäa; bh shquhj
shquhjrara jb papj
papj`.`. J` adhom quj jstaia
jb At`abthf Fhty fmbdhom, fuabnm dj pusj a fmrtm, sj sjbtäa sathsljfcm
y trhstj a `a vjz.
Dj nhem5 "Jra njdash
njdashanm
anm prjsjbthdh
prjsjbthdhjbtm,
jbtm,fchfm
fchfm.. Wjrm, nhdj, fuabnm
j` ta`jbtm y j` nhbjrm jstáb jb j` `anm a`tm, ½què razöb pujnj caijr para
pmbjrsj jb fmbtra nj j``ms=@m dás prmiai`j js quj j``ms oabjb."
"Na`j thjdpm,"nhej.
thjdpm,"nhej . Dj rjlhjrm a `m
`mss pr
prjfhms.
jfhms. Bm hia a fuirhr, pmrq
pmrquj
uj
saiäaa quj j` nañ
saiä nañmm caiäa shnm jbmr
jbmrdj
dj y quj `a Zbhmb Wafhlhf sjr sjräa
äa ubm nj `ms
quj dás hiab a vjrsj pjreunhfanms. Wjrm jra jxaspjrabtj vjr `a fjoujra nj
`a fa``j.
"Na`js thjdpm
thj dpm y tu phj` afai
afaiará
ará fmb tmnms `ms njdás pj``jems iaehstas,
sjfábnmsj a` sm`," dj asjourö.
"½Què caräas tõ="
tõ =" @j prjo
prjoubt
ubtè.
è. "½Fmdp
"½Fmdprar
rar ZW, fmb `a lujrza nj `ms
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs jb pjrnhnas quj ca sulrhnm Zbhöb Wafhlhf y mtras
`äbjas=½Nj nöbnj vab a sa`hr `as oababfhas nj `ms nhvhnjbnms njspuès nj
quj paoujb tmnm `m quj cab pjrnhnm= @m djemr quj pujnjs njfhr js quj
j` prmi`jda bm js tab oravj fmdm sj phbta. Wjrm, ½js jsa razöb sulhfhjbtj
para fmdprar `as affhmbjs nj `as farrjtjras aljftanas= Fmbtèstadj a
jsm."
Wjrm tmnm `m quj dh adhom nhem luj5 "Vä, jsm sujba ihjb. Wjrm tj `m
nhom, j` djrfanm bm jstá nj afujrnm fmbthom. @a fhbta bm dhjbtj, ½bm=
"Bm shjdprj nhfj `a vjrnan a` dmdjbtm" ,nhej.
 Jsfufca. Zb cmdirj jstaia cai`abnm fmb Ehd Lhsk ub pmfm abtjs
nj` vhjrbjs bjorm, nábnm`j nhjz iujbas razmbjs pmr `as quj j` mrm hia a
iaear y dabtjbjrsj. Vj fmbvjbfhö tabtm nj sus prmphas pa`airas quj
afaiö nhfhjbnm
nhfhjb nm a Lhsk quj hia a vjbnjr ubms fuabt
fuabtms
ms dh``m
dh``mbjs
bjs.. X Ehd LLhsk
hsk
tab sm`m `j dhrö y `j nhem, "¡Anj`abtj¡¡Caz`m! \jbnj a fmrtm j hbvätadj
a tu lubjra`."

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs <?

"Vä," nhej; "¡y sh jsj thpm `m cuihjra vjbnhnm a fmrtm, läeatj jb j`

nhbjrm quj cairäa cjfcm! \jbnj a`oubas affhmbjs ZW. "
"¡Bm, ym bm! Vmy nj `ms quj bavjoab djemr fuabnm bm rjdab
fmbtra vhjbtm y darja."
J` näa shouhjbtj, fuabnm ``joö tmna `a hblmrdafhöb, j` djrfanm
fmdjbzö a njsfjbnjr, pjrm tadpmfm jbtmbfjs fmb `a vhm`jbfha quj sj
jspjraia. Vaihjbnm quj bana jb jstj dubnm pmnräa jvhtar `a ruptura, nmi`è
y vjbnä fhbfm dh`
dh` affhmbjs.
affh mbjs. Wara jbtmbfjs ya jstaia f`arm para `a daymräa
nj `a ojbtj, y dhs fmrrjnmrjs jstaiab nhspujstms. Bm jra bhbouba la`ta nj
prjfaufhöb pmr su partj,
partj , bh pmr `a
`a däa, bm, tjbhjbnm jb fujbtj dh dmnm nj
djnhr j` djrfanm. J` näa shouhjbtj, j` djrfanm fmdjbzö a hr ihjb. Wmr
supujstm thrè nj dh sujrtj tmnm `m quj punj. \m`vä a nmi`ar mtra vjz y vjbnä
nhjz dh`
dh` parthfhpafhmbjs dás. Jra j` õbhfm eujom pmshi`j.
Xm bm pjbsaia jb jb bana, sö`m jb quj tjbäa razöb. J` 177%.
177%. X jsta
mpmrtubhnan
vjfcar`a. \jbnädj `a
`dás.
a caiäa dabnanm
½Wjbsaia j` fhj`m.
afasmfhjquj
`m. fmb
Vö`mta`njpjbnäa
njpjbnä a njnjdävjbtas,
fabthnan aprm
caräa la`ta a`om dás quj uba rjfupjrafhöb para `hquhnar dhs ijbjlhfhms
jb papj` y pmshi`jdjbtj
pmshi`jd jbtj dh faphta`= Bm sè sh jra jsm `m quj pjbsaia m bm,
pjrm sh `m pjbsaia, bm `j naia dufca hdpmrtabfha. Bm jstaia aftuabnm
a `m `mfm. Jstaia euoabnm nj lmrda rja`djbtj fmbsjrvanmra. Bm sj pmnäa
cafjr bana para njscafjr `m quj caiäa cjfcm j` tjrrjdmtm
tjrrjdmtm,, ½bm js asä= Bm
sj pmnäab rjstaurar `ms jnhlhfhms njstruhnms jb sö`m uba bmfcj, oraths, pmr
bana. ^mnm j` nhbjrm nj` dubnm bm sjräa nj orab ayuna jb `as pröxhdas
cmras.
Bm jstaia apmstabnm a fhjoas. Bm jra ub `mfm iaehsta. Bm jstaia
imrrafcm nj èxhtm bh pjbsaia quj j` cjfcm nj quj Lrhsfm fash cuihjra
njsaparjfhnm nj`nj` dapa
dapa caräa quj tmnm j` paäs sj fmbvjrthjra
fmbvjrthj ra jb ub
dmbtöb nj njsjfcms.¡Wmr supujstm quj bm! bm iusfaia j` pábhfm. Wujs
ihjb, j` näa shouhjbtj chfj ub iujb iarrhnm.
iarrhnm . Chfj nmsfhjbtms fhbfu
fhbfujbta
jbta dh`
dh`
nö`arjs. Lujrmb `ms daymrjs ijbjlhfhms quj caiäa fmbsjouhnm casta
jbtmbfjs. @a Fa``j bm prjstö atjbfhöb a` tjrrmdmtm nurabtj `ms nms
prhdjrms näas. J``ms nhráb quj luj pmrquj a` prhbfhphm bm parjfäa tab
 a`ardabtj, pjrm ym frjm quj luj pmrquj sj tarnö dufcm thjdpm jb
fadihar j` pubtm nj vhsta nj` põi`hfm cafha j` djrfanm. Hbf`usm `ms
mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js, lujrmb jb su daymräa `jbtms y fmrtms nj vhsta.
Bm tjbom bhbouba jxp`hfafhöb quj nar`js. Bh fhjbtälhfa bh hblabth`.
@js jstmy
jstmy nhfhjbnm `m quj chfj,
chfj , y pmrquè y què js `m quj fmbsjouä. Bm dj

<3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

hdpmrtaia dufcm j` dhstjrhm nj `a prjdmbhfhöb, sm`m dj hbtjrjsaia j`
cjfcm nj quj caiäa fmbsjouhnm ub fuartm nj dh``öb. Vhobhlhfaia quj
acmra pmnäa msfh`ar jb uba `äbja das orabnj quj bubfa, sh js quj ``joaia
j` dmdjbtm.
Jsj vjrabm luh a Varatmoa Vprhbos. Vj supmbäa quj hia nj vafafhm
bjs, pjrm ym sjouäa vhoh`abnm
vhoh `abnm ub pmfm j` djrfanm. Wara jdpjzar, bm jstaia
sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
sulhfhjb tjdjbtj fabsanm
fabsanm fmd
fmdmm para bm prjmfupardj
prjmfupardj nj j``m. X, anjdás,
tmnas `as pjrsmbas quj fmbmfäa a``ä,
a` `ä, tjbäab m caiäab
caiäab tjbhnm ub hbtjrès afthvm
jb j``m. Batura`djbtj,
Bat ura`djbtj, cai`áiadms
cai`áia dms nj j``m. Dj cj nanm fujbta nj quj cay cay
uba orab nhljrjbfha jbtrj cai`ar y mpjrar. A`oubms nj jstms dufcafcms
tj rjfujrnab a` vhjem
vhjem fmbsjrej fa`vm qu qujj cai`a a su da`cudmranm jd
p`janm fmdm sh lujra ub pjrrm adarh``m, fuabnm tj cai`ab nj j``m.
Carnhbo Irmtcjrs tjbäa
t jbäa uba sufursa` jb Varatmoa. @a daymräa nj sus
f`hjbtjs jstaiab a``ä. Wjrm `a razöb prhbfhpa`, supmb
supmbom,om, jra `a pui`hfhnan.
^jbjr uba sufursa` jb ub fjbtrm nj vjrabjm jra uba fartj`jra pui`hfhtarha
nj prhdjra fatjomräa. Xm sm`äa jbtrar y sjbtardj pmr acä fmb j` rjstm nj
`a du`thtun. J` dabaojr jra ub aoranai`j dufcafcm nj `a mlhfhba nj
Bujva Xmrk quj jstaia acä para nar `a dabm a `ms adhoms y a `ms
njsfmbmfhnms y, sh jra pmsh
pmshi`j,
i`j, para cafjr bjomfhm. Jra ub `uoar daravh
``msm para `ms prmbösthfms, tmna f`asj nj prmbösthfms, farrjras nj faia
``ms, im`sa, y fadarjrms".
fadarjrms ". J` dabaojr nj `a ml mlhfhb
hfhbaa saiäa quj ym prjstaia
atjbfhöb a `ms fmbsjems, pmr `m tabtm, bm vjbäa a susurrardj fmblhnjbfha`
djbtj `m quj afaia nj mhr jb `as fmthzafhmbjs nj `a mlhfhba nj Bujva
Xmrk. Vhdp`jdjbtj, dj naia `ms tj`joradas, nhfhjbnm, "jstm js `m quj
afaiabWmr nj supujstm,
dabnar" myma`om parjfhnm.
vhoh`aia j` djrfanm. Wara dä, dhrar j` tai`jrm nj
fmthzafhmbjs y `jjr `ms shobms jra ub sm`m prmfjsm. Dh vhjem adhom Zbhmb
Wafhlhf,, parjfäa jstar suihjbnm.
Wafhlhf suihj bnm. J` prjfhm jra a`tm, pjrm `a affhöb aftuaia
fmdm sh sj jstuvhjra afudu`abnm. @ms misjrvè ub par nj näas shb mpjrar
jb è`, y fuabtm dás `m dhraia, dás dj fmbvjbfäa nj quj jstaia shjbnm
fmdpranm pmr a`ouhjb quj bm jra ub rjfmojnmr, a`ouhjb quj bm sm`m tjbäa
ub orab faphta` jb j` iabfm, shbm quj anjdás saiäa `m quj cafäa. Zba
afudu`afhöb duy hbtj`hojbtj, pjbsè.
^ab prmbtm fmdm jstuvj sjourm nj jstm, batura`djbtj, fmdjbfè a
fmdprar, a aprmxhdanadjbtj
aprmxhd anadjbtj 1<7. Vjouäa aftuabnm nj `a dhsda dabjra, y
pmr `m tabtm ym sjouäa fmdprabnm, quhbhjbtas affhmbjs nj ub om`pj.
Fuabtm dás fmdpraia ym, dás lujrtj sj cafäa, shb bhboõb jslujrzm, ym

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

affhm bjs <8

dj jstaia jdpjzabnm a sjbthr a oustm. Bm caiäa bhbouba razöb para quj

jsas affhmbjs bm suihjrab dás; bm fmb `m quj caiäa `jänm jb `a fhbta.
Nj rjpjbtj, j` dabaojr sj afjrfö a dä y dj nhem quj afaiab nj
rjfhihr ub djbsaej
prjoubtabnm sh ym djnjjbfmbtraia
Bujva Xmrk,jb `apmrmlhfhba,
supujstm tjbäabnhejrmb
y fuabnm `äbja nhrjfta,
quj sä,
``joö mtrm tj`jorada quj njfäa5 "Dabtèboab`m acä, näoab`j qj Dr. Car-
nhbos quhjrj cai`ar fmb è`."
Nhejj quj jspjraräa, fmdprj quhbhjbtas affhmbjs dás
Nhe dás nj ZW. Bm pmnäa
hdaohbardj
hdaohbar dj `m quj Carnhbo tjbäa quj njfhrdj. Bm pjbsè quj sjräa bana bana
rj`afhmbanm fmb `ms bjomfhms. Dh darojb nj oarabtäa jra jra dás quj adp`hm
jb rj`afhöb a `m quj jstaia fmdprabnm. Duy prmbtm, vhbm j` dabaojr y
dj nhem quj Dr. Carnhbo qujräa quj dj pushjra a` tj`èlmbm.
"Cm`a, Jn," nhej.
Wjrm è` nhem, "½Què njdmbhms tj pasa= ½Js quj jstas `mfm=
"½X tõ=", nhej.
"½Què jstás cafhjbnm=", prjoubtö.
"½Què quhjrjs njfhr="
"Fmdprar
"Fmdpr ar tmnas jsas affhmbjs.
affhmbjs.""
"½Wmr què,=½js quj bm cay darojb sulhfhjbtj=
"Bm sj trata nj` darojb, shbm nj sjr ub fmdp`jtm imim."
"Bm tj jbthjbnm.
jbthjbnm.""
"½Wmr què jstás fmdprabnm tabtm Zbhm Zbhmbb Wafhlhf="
"Jstá suihjbnm", nhej.
"¡Vuihjbnm, njdmbhms!" js quj bm saijs quj tj `m jstáb hbl`abnm
njsnj njbtrm= Jrjs `a darfa dás láfh`. ^j `m pasaräas djemr pjrnhèbnm`m
jb `as farrjras nj faia``ms. Bm njejs quj tj tmdjb j` pj`m."
"Banhj dj jstá tmdabnm j` pj`m," `j nhej. "Bm `j cj nhfcm bana a
banhj."
Wjrm è` shouhö5
shou hö5 "Bm pujnjs jspjrar ub dh`aorm fana vjz quj tj na
pmr apmstar`m tmnm jb jsj va`mr. Va` dhjbtras tmnaväa tjboas mpmrtubh
nan," nhem. "Js ub frhdjb jstar a `arom jb jsj va`mr a jstj bhvj`, fuabnm
a`tms mi`hoafhmbhstas `m jst jstáb
áb sa
safabnm
fabnm a tmbj`anas."
"@a fhbta nhfj quj `m jstáb fmdprabnm," hbshstä.
 "@arry, dj pusj jbljrdm nj` fmrazöb fuabnm jdpjzarmb a ``joar
tus örnjbjs. Wmr admr nj Nhms, bm sjas tmbtm. ¡Va`! Acmra dhsdm. Jstm
sj va a qujirar jb fua`quhjr dhbutm. Xm cj fudp`hnm fmb dh njijr.
¡Anhös!" y fm`oö.

?7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Jn Carnhbo jra ub dufcafcm duy hbtj`hojbtj, duy ihjb hblmrda
nm y ub vjrnanjrm
vjrnanjrm adhom, njshbtjrjsanm y imbnanmsm. X `m quj js dás,
ym saiäa quj è` jstaia jb shtuafhöb nj mhr fmsas. ^mnm `m quj ym tjbäa, a`
fmdprary ZW,
va`mrjs jrab dhs añms
dh pjrfjpfhöb nj jstunhms
nj fhjrtms nj`quj
säbtmdas fmdpmrtadhjbtm
ta` y fmdm djnjcaiäa
`ms
jbsjñanm `a jxpjrhjbfha, afmdpañaiab shjdprj a uba suihna suistabfha
suistabfha`.`.
Xm bm sè `m quj dj mfurrhö, pjrm supmbom quj njiä ``joar a `a fmbf`ushöb
nj quj j` va`mr jstaia shjbnm aismrihnm, shdp`jdjbtj pmr uba dabhpu
`afhöb hbtj`hojbtj njsnj njbtrm cafäa quj `a fhbta nhejra uba chstmrha quj
bm jra fhjrta. Wmshi`jdjbtj, dj njeö hdprjshmbanm pmr j` jslujrzm quj
chzm Jn Carnhbo para jvhtar quj chfhjra `m quj è` pjbsaia quj sjräa ub
jrrmr fm`msa`. Bm sj pmnäa pmbjr jb fujsthöb bh su hbtj`hojbfha bh sus
dmthvms. Bm pujnm njfhr què js `m quj dj chzm sjouhr su fmbsjem, pjrm
`m chfj.
\jbnä tmnas dhs affhmbjs nj Zbhöb Wafhlhf. Wmr supujstm, sh bm
jra hbtj`hojbtj jstar a `arom, tadpmfm jra bana hbtj`hojbtj bm jstar a
fmrtm. Wmr `m tabtm njspuès nj njscafjrdj nj tmnas `as affhmbjs a `arom
vjbnä fuatrm dh` affhmbjs a fmrtm. @m pusj a`rjnjnmr nj 1<9.
J` näa shouhjbtj, `ms nhrjftmrjs nj `a Zbhmb Wafhlhf Fmdpaby nj
f`ararmb ub nhvhnjbnm nj` 17% jb j` va`mr. A` prhbfhphm, jb _a`` Vtrjjt
banhj sj `m frjäa. Jra `a dabhmira njsjsp
njsjspjrana
jrana nj
nj`` euoanmr arrhbfmbanm.
^mnms `ms pjrhönhfms sj ava`abzarmb a `ms nhrjftmrjs. Wjrm dhjbtras `ms
ta`jbtms nj _a`` Vtrjjt vafh`aiab a `a cmra nj aftuar, j` djrfanm
rjimsaia. Zbhöb Wafhlhf hia pmr nj`abtj, y a`fabzö ub bujvm rjfmrn nj
prjfhms jb orabnjs trabsaffhmbjs. A`oubms nj `ms mpjranmrjs chfhjrmb
lmrtubas jb uba cmra y rjfujrnm caijr mhnm dás tarnj j` fasm nj a`oõb
hbojbhmsm jspjfha`hsta quj fmdjthö ub jrrmr y pus
pusmm trjsfhjbtms fhbfujbta
dh` nö`arjs jb sus im`sh``ms. \jbnhö su shthm `a sjdaba shouhjbtj, y sj
fmbvhrthö jb ub faia``jrmsm orabejrm j` djs shouhjbtj.
Wmr supujstm, jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj mä `as bmthfhas nj `a njf`ara
fhöb shb
shb prjfjnjbtjs nj` 17
17%
% nj nhvh
nhvhnjbnm,
njbnm, fmdprj
fmdprjbnä
bnä quj rjfhiäa `m quj
dj djrjfäa pmr bm prjstar atjbfhöb a `a vmz nj `a jxpjrhjbfha y jsfufcar
`a vmz nj ub prmbfsthfanmr
prmbfsthfanmr.. Caiäa njeanm nj `anm dhs prmphas fmbvhffhm
bjs, pmr `as smspjfcas nj ub adhom, shdp`jdjbtj pmrquj è` jra njshbtj
rjsanm y fmdm bmrda, sm`äa saijr `m quj cafäa.
^ab prmbtm fmdm vh quj Zbhmb Wafhlhf jstaia a`fabzabnm bujvms
rjfmrns, dj nhej, "Èstj bm js ub iujb va`mr para jstar a fmrtm."

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs ?1

^mnm `m quj tjbäa jb j` dubnm, `m tjbäa fm`mfanm fmdm darojb jb
`a mlhfhba nj Carnhbo. Bm jstaia bh fmbtjbtm bh jblananm pmr j` fmbmfh
dhjbtm nj` cjfcm. @m quj jra mivhm js quj ym caiäa vhstm `a fhbta fm
fmbb orab
prjfhshöb y jxafthtun
dj nhsuanhjra y quj caiäaXa
nj dh rjsm`ufhöb. shnm
nj ub
bantmbtm
bana a` bnjear
a sjrväa
sjrväab quj Jn Carnhbo
`as rjfrhdhbafhmbjs,
pmrquj bm tjbäa thjdpm quj pjrnjr y, anjdás, `m quj jstá cjfcm, cjfcm
jstá . Wmr `m tabtm nh `a mrnjb nj fabfj`ar `ms fmrtms. @a affhöb jstaia
a`rjnjnmr
a`rjnjn mr nj 1<
1<:: fuabnm jbvhè
j bvhè `a mrnjb nj fmdprar ``asas fuatr
fuatrmm dh` ZW jb
j` djrfanm. ^jbäa uba pèrnhna nj trjs pubtms. Dhs fmrrjnmrjs paoarmb
1?9 y 1?> pmr a`oubas abtjs nj quj sj afaiarab. Fuabnm rjfhiä `a
hblmrdafhöb, nj `a adai`j j hbtjbfhmbana hbtjrljrjbfha nj Jn Carnhbo
dj fmstö fuarjbta dh` nö`arjs. ¡Zb prjfhm quj thjbj quj paoar ub
cmdirj pmr bm tjbjr j` fmraej nj sus fmbvhffhmbjs! Jra uba `jffhöb
iarata.
BmJra
daymrjs. jstaia prjmfupanm,hbusua`
ub dmvhdhjbtm pmrqujy `a
bmfhbta
caiäadmstraia
bhboõb thpmprjfhms tmnaväa
nj prjfjnjbtjs
jb fuabtm a `a aftuafhöb nj `ms nhrjftmrjs, pjrm jsta vjz chfj `m quj
pjbsaia quj njiäa cafjr. ^ab prmbtm fmdm jbtrjouè `a prhdjra mrnjb nj
fmdpra nj fuatrm dh` affhmbjs para fuirhr ddhs
hs fmrtms,
fm rtms, njfhnä ijbjlhfhar
dj nj `m quj hbnhfaia `a fhbta y pmr `m tabtm sjouä anj`abtj. Fmdprè
fuatrm dh` affhmbjs y `as dabtuvj casta `a dañaba shouhjbtj. Njspuès
sa`ä. Bm sm`m rjfupjrè `ms fuarjbta dh` nö`arjs quj caiäa pjrnhnm, shbm
quj mituvj quhbfj dh` dás. Vh Jn Carnhbo bm cuihjra tratanm nj sa`var
dh nhbjrm, dj cairäa lmrranm. Wjrm dj chzm ub orab lavmr, pmrquj frjm
lhrdjdjbtj quj luj `a `jffhöb nj jstj jphsmnhm `m quj fmdp`jtö dh
jnufafhöb fmdm mpjranmr.
Bm tmnm `m quj bjfjshtaia jra aprjbnjr a bm afjptar fmbsjems y
sjouhr dhs prmphas hbf`hbafhmbjs. Vj trata nj quj oabè fmblhabza jb dh
dhsdm y luh fapaz nj njscjfcar j` vhjem dètmnm nj mpjrafhöb. Jsta
jxpjrhjbfha nj Varatmoa, luj dh õ`thda mpjrafhöb lmrtuhta. A parthr nj
jbtmbfjs jdpjfè a pjbsar jb `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas jb vjz nj jb `ms
va`mrjs fmbfrjtms. Dj jsthdu`è a a`fabzar ub oranm dás a`tm jb `a nura
jsfuj`a nj `a jspjfu`afhöb. Jra ub pasm `arom y nhläfh`.
 \HH
Bubfa vafh`m
vaf h`m fuab
fuabnm
nm tjbom quj njfhr a ub cmdirj sh smy a`fhsta m iaehsta.
Wjrm bubfa nhom a banhj quj fmdprj m vjbna ub njtjrdhbanm va`mr. Jb
ub djrfanm a `a iaea tmnms `ms va`mrjs iaeab y jb ub djrfanm a` a`za,
suijb. Wmr supujstm, bm quhjrm njfhr quj jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea,
fausanmm pmr uba oujrra, `as af
fausan affhmbjs
fhmbjs nj dubhf
dubhfhmbjs
hmbjs bm suiab. C Cai`m
ai`m jb
ub sjbthnm ojbjra`. Wjrm j` cmdirj djnhm bm njsja quj `j nhoab sh j`
djrfanm js a`fhsta m iaehsta. @m quj njsja js quj `j nhoab, nj lmrda
jspjfälhfa, què njtjrdhbanm va`mr njij fmdprar m vjbnjr. Quhjrj a`om
pmr bana. Bm njsja traiaear. Bh shquhjra njsja pjbsar. Xa js njdashanm
traiaem tjbjr quj fmbtar j` nhbjrm quj rjfmej nj` suj`m.
Ihjb, ym bm jra tab vaom, pjrm jbfmbtraia dás láfh` pjbsar jb `as
affhmbjs fmbfrjtas quj jb j` djrfanm jb ojbjra` y pmr `m tabtm prjljräa
tadihèb pjbsar jb `as l`uftuafhmbjs hbnhvhnua`js quj jb `ms dmvhdhjbtms
ojbjra`js. ^jbäa quj fadihar y `m chfj.
Warjfj quj `a ojbtj bm afaia nj fmdprjbnjr `ms lubnadjbtms nj
`a mpjrafhöb nj va`mrjs. Cj nhfcm, a djbunm, quj fmdprar jb djrfanm
asfjbnjbtj js j` dmnm dás födmnm nj fmdprar va`mrjs. Acmra, bm sj
trata nj fmdprar `m dás iaratm pmshi`j m nj hr a fmrtm jb `ms prjfhms
supjrhmrjs, shbm nj fmdprar m vjbnjr jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm. Fuabnm
smy iaehsta y vjbnm ub va`mr, fana vjbta njij tjbjr ub bhvj` hbljrhmr a
`a vjbta prjvha. Fuabnm fmdprm, njij mfurrhr `m fmbtrarhm. Njim jstar
jb uba jsfa`a asfjbnjbtj. Bm fmdprm va`mrjs a `arom jb uba jsfa`a njs
fjbnjbtj, bh fmdprm jb uba jsfa`a asfjbnjbtj.

?6

?> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr

m pjranmr nj affhmbjs

\adms a supmbjr, pmr jejdp`m, quj vmy a fmdprar a`oubas

affhmbjs. Fmdprarè nms dh` affhmbjs a 117. Vh `a affhöb suij casta 111,
njspuès nj quj ym `a caya fmdpranm, jstmy, a` djbms tjdpmra`djbtj,
cafhjbnm `a mpjrafhöb anjfuana, jstá ub pubtm pmr jbfhda; pmr `m tabtm
dujstra ub ijbjlhfhm. Ihjb, ya quj jstmy cafhjbnm `a mpjrafhöb anjfua
na, vmy y fmdprm mtras nms dh` affhmbjs. Vh j` djrfanm js tmnaväa a`fhsta
fmdprm ub tjrfjr `mtj nj nms dh` affhmbjs. Nhoadms quj j` prjfhm suij
casta 11>. Frjm quj js sulhfhjbtj. Acmra tjbom ya uba iasj nj traiaem a
parthr nj `a fua` traiaear. Jstmy a `arom fmb sjhs dh` affhmbjs
aff hmbjs a uba djnha
nj 111 6/> y `a affhöb sj jstá vjbnhj
vjbnhjbnm
bnm a 11>. Bm fmd
fmdpraprarè
rè bhboub
bhboubaa dás
pmr acmra. \my a jspjrar y vjr `m quj sufjnj. Dj lhourm quj jb a`oõb
pubtm nj `a suihna sj prmnufhrá uba rjaffhöb. \my a vjr fmdm sj fuhna
j` djrfanm njspuès nj jsa rjaffhöb. Wrmiai`jdjbtj rjaffhmbará casta
nmbnj tjbom dh tjrfjr `mtj. Nhoadms quj njspuès nj suihr vuj`vj a
njsfjbnjr casta 119 1/>, y njspuès sj rjfupjra. Ihjb, eustm jb j`
dmdjbtm jb quj vuj`vj a 116 6/>, jbvhö uba mrnjb nj fmdpra nj fuatrm
dh`, jb j` djrfanm pmr supujstm. Ihjb, sh mitjbom jsas fuatrm dh` a 116
6/> sairè quj a`om va da` y narè uba mrnjb nj jx jxadj
adjb,b, m sja, vjb
vjbnjrè
njrè dh`
affhmbjs para vjr födm `as tmda j` djrfanm. Wjrm supmboadms quj nj
jsa mrnjb nj fmdpra nj fuatrm dh` affhmbjs quj jbvhè fuabnm j` prjfhm
jra 116 6/> mitjbom nms dh` a 11>, quhbhjbtas a 11> 1/9 y j` rjstm a ub
prjfhm fana vjz dás a`tm, casta paoar pmr `as quhbhjbtas õ`thdas affhmbjs
11: 1/9. Jbtmbfjs sairè quj tjbom razöb. Èstj js j` dmnm nj fmdprar
fuatrmm dh` affhm
fuatr affhmbjs
bjs quj dj nhfj sh caom ihjb jb fmdpr
fmdprarar jsa njtjrdh
njtjrdhbana
bana
affhöb jb jsj njtjrdhbanm dmdjbtm, pjrm, pmr supujstm, traiaem par
thjbnm nj `a iasj nj quj cj rjvhsanm fuhnanmsadjbtj `as fmbnhfhmbjs
ojbjra`js nj` djrfanm y nj quj jstas smb a`fhstas. Bubfa quhjrm
fmdprar affhmbjs njdashanm iaratas m fmb njdashana lafh`hnan.
Yjfu jrnmm uba chst
Yjfujrn chstmrha
mrha quj mä afjrfa nj Njafmb V. \. _chtj fuab
fuabnmnm
jra ubm `ms daymrjs mpjranmrjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Jra ub orab cmdirj,
hbtj`hojbtj fmdm j` quj dás, y va`hj
va`hjbtj.
btj. Chzm a`oubas fmsas daravh`
daravh``msas
`msas
 jb sus näas, sjoõb cj mhnm. Jb `ms vhjems thjdpms
thjdpms,, `a Vuoar jra ubm nj `ms
dás fmbthbums prmvjjnmrjs nj lujoms arthlhfha`js jb j` djrfanm. C.M.
Cavjdjyjr, prjshnjbtj nj `a fmdpañäa, jstaia jb j` apmojm nj su pmnjr.
Njnuzfm, nj tmnms `ms fmdjbtarhms, quj C.M. y sus sufjsmrjs tjbäab
tmnas `as lujbtjs dmbjtarhas y nj hbtj`hojbfha bjfjsarhas para ``jvar a
faim fmb èxhtm fua`quhjr mpjrafhöb fmb sus prmphms va`mrjs. Dj nhfjb

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs ?:

quj Cavjdayjr njnhfaia dás mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js a jsj va`mr quj

a bhboõb mtrm hbhfhanm jb bhboõb mtrm va`mr. Fmdm bmrda, `ms mpjranmrjs
nj parquè thjbnjb a hr jb fmbtra nj` eujom nj `ms hbhfhanms, jb vjz nj
ayunar`ms.
Zb näa ub cmdirj quj fmbmfäa nj Njafmb _chtj jbtrö afj`jrana
djbtj jb `a mmlhfh
lhfhba
ba du
duyy jxfhtanm y nhem, "Njafmb, dj nhehst
nhehstjj quj sh
a`ouba vjz tjbäa a`ouba hblmrdafhöb va`hmsa, tj `a fmdubhfara ráphna
djbtj, y quj sh `a uth`hzaias dj fmbsjouhräas ubms fuabtms fhjbtms nj
affhmbjs." Vj njtuvm a fmojr ahrj y a jspjrar `a fmblhrdafhöb.
Njafmb `j dhrm nj jsj dmnm djnhtathvm tab pjfu`har jb è`, y nhem,
"Bm sè sh a`ouba vjz tj cj nhfcm jsm jxaftadjbtj m bm, pjrm jstmy
nhspujstm a paoar pmr fua`quhjr hblmrdafhöb quj pujna uth`hzar."
"Ihjb, pujs ym `a tjbom."
"Iujbm, jsm jstá ihjb, " nhem Njafmb, y j` cmdirj sj hbl`ö y
dabsadjbtj
pujnhjra mhr ynhem,
nhem,"sh"C.M.
sjñmr."Jbtmbfjs sj afjrfö
Cavjdayjr jsta fmdprabnmpara Vuoar."
quj banhj dás
"½Vä=" prjoubtö Njafmb fmb orab fa`da.
Jstm smrprjbnhö a` hblmrdabtj, quj nhem hdprjshmbanm5 "Vä sjñmr.
Fmdprabnm tmnm `m quj pujnj. "
"Qujrhnm adhom, ½jstá ustjn sjourm=" prjoubtö j` vhjem Njafmb.
"Njafmb, `m sè pmshthvadjbtj. @a vhjea pabna jstá fmdprabnm
tmnm `m quj pujnj . ^hjbj
^h jbj a`om quj vjr fmb `a tarh
tarhla
la y sj va a prmnufhr uba
orab oababfha . Vmirjpasará `ms `ädhtjs. X jsm shobhlhfa trjhbta pubtms
sjourms para jdpjzar."
"½Nj vjrnan `m frjjs="y j` vhjem `j dhrö pmr jbfhda nj sus
abtjmems nj darfm
"½Quj frp`atjanm
jm= bm, bmquj
sh `m frjm= sj caiäa
`m frjm; pujstm
`m sè
sè. parasjourhnan.
. Fmb tmna dhrar `a fhbta.
Wmrquj,
fuabnm C. M. Cavjdayjr y sus adhoms fmdprab Vuoar nj` dmnm jb quj
`m jstáb cafhjbnm acmra, bm sj fmblmrdab bubfa fmb djbms nj fuarjbta
pubtms bjtms.
Bm dj jxtrañaräa quj j` djrfanm sj `js a`jeara jb fua`quhjr
dmdjbtm y sj fjrrara abtjs nj quj tuvhjrab sus `äbjas fmdp`jtas. Xa bm
cay tabtm jb `as mlhfhbas nj fmrrjtaej fmdm cafj ub djs. "
"M sja, quj jstá fmdprabnm Vuoar, ½bm="rjphthö Njaföb fmb ahrj
ausjbtj.
"½Fmdprábnm`m= Vj jstá cafhjbnm fmb tm tmnm
nm y a tmna vj`mfhn
vj`mfhnan
an shb
pmbjr j` prjfhm."

?< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"½Vä=" nhem Njafmb. Jsm luj tmnm.
Wjrm jsm luj sulhfhjbtj para afaiar nj jbmear a` prmbmsthfanmr, y
nhem, "¡Vä sjñmr! y jsm js `m quj ym ``adm hblmrdafhöb va`hmsa. Wmrquj js
aism`utadjbtj
"½Vä=" nhrjfta."
"Vä; y thjbj ub orab va`mr. ½\a a uth`hzar`a=."
"Mc, sä, vmy a uth`hzar`a."
"½Fuábnm=" prjoubtö j` hblmrdabtj nj lmrda smspjfcmsa.
"Acmra
"Acm ra dhsdm." X Njafmb oorh
rhtö
tö5"
5" ¡Lrabk! "Jr
"Jraa j` bmdirj nj su dás
astutm fmrrjnmr, quj jstaia jb `a caihtafhöb fmbtho
fmbthoua.
ua.
"Vä, sjñmr," nhem Lrabk.
"Dj oustaräa quj sj afjrfara a` tai`jrm y vjbnhjra nhjz dh`
affhmbjs nj Vuoar."

vmz, quj"½\jbnjr=",
Lrabk, qujorhtö
caiäaj`sa`hnm
prmbmsthfanmr.
fmrrhjb nm,Caiäa
fmrrhjbnm, tabtmjbsulrhdhjbtm
sj njtuvm sjf
sjfm.
m. jb su
"Vä, f`arm",nhem Njafmb dabsadjbtj.
" ¡Wjrm
¡Wjrm `j nhej qu
qujj C.M5 Cavjdayjr jstaia fm fmdprábnm
dprábnm`m!"`m!"
"Xa `m sè dh qujrhnm adhom", nhem Njafmb; y ohrábnmsj cafha j`
fmrrjnmr nhem; "¡Yáphnm Lrabk!"
J` fmrrjnmr sa`hö ráphnadjbtj para jejfutar `a mrnjb y j` prmbms
thfanmr sj pusm fm`mranm.
"\hbj aquä", nhem lurhmsadjbtj, "fmb `a djemr hblmrdafhöb quj cj
tjbhnm jb dh vhna." ^j `a tr traej
aej pmrquj pjbsè qquj uj jras dh adho
adhom,m, y quj jras
eustm.
eus tm. Jspjraia
Jspjraia quj aftuaras smirj j``m j``m..."
..."
"Jstmy aftuabnm smirj j``m,"hbt
j``m,"hbtjrrudphö
jrrudphö Njafmb fmb fmb vmz trabq
trabquh`h
uh`h
zanmra.
" ¡Wjrm ym tj nhej
nhej quj C.M. y su pabna jstaiab fmdprabfmdprabnm!"nm!"
"Jxaftadjbtj.. Xa tj mä."
"Jxaftadjbtj
" ¡ Fmdprabnm! ¡Fmdprabnm! ¡ Nhej fmdprabnm!" orhtö j` prmbmshthfa- prmbmshthfa-
nmr.
"¡Vä; fmdprabnm! Jsm js `m qu qujj nhehstj
nhehstj",
", `j asjourm Njafmb. Jstaia
 nj phj a` `anm nj` thfkjr, dhrabnm `a fhbta.
"Wjrm tõ `m jstás vjbnhjbnm"
"Vä; nhjz dh` affhmbjs." y Njafmb ashbthö fmb `a faijza. "\jbnhjb
nm, pmr supujstm."
Njeö nj cai`ar para fmbfjbtrarsj jb `a fhbta y j` prmbmsthfanmr sj
afjrfö para vjr
vjr quj js `m quj vjäa Njafmb, pmrquj j` vhjem jra duy astutm
astutm..

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs ??

Dhjbtras jstaia dhrabnm p»r jbfhda nj` cmdirm nj Njafmb sj afjrfö ub

fmbsjrej fmb uba cmea, mivhadjbtj j` hblmrdj nj Lrabk. Njaföb apjbas
`m dhrm nj rjmem. Xa caiäa vhstm jb `a fhbta fmdm sj caiäa jejfutanm su
mrnjb.Jstm chzm quj `j nhejra a` fmbsjrej, "Näoa`j quj vjbna mtras nhjz
nj dh` nj Vuoar."
"¡Njafmb, `j eurm qhj jstáb fmdprabnm `ms va`mrjs!"
"½Vj `m nhem Dr. Cayjdayjr=", prjoubtö Njafmb.
"¡Wmr supujstm quj bm! È` bubfa nhfj
nhfj bana a banhj. Bm pjstañjaräa
para ayunar a su djemr adhom a oabar ub thfkjt. Wjrm ym sè quj jstm js
fhjrtm."
"Bm sj jxfhtj tabtm ½dhom däm." y Njafmb a`zö uba dabm. Jstaia
dhrabnm a `a fhbta. J` hblmrdanmr nhem aorhadjbtj5
"Vh cujihjra saihnm quj hia a cafjr `m fmbtrarhm nj `m quj `j njfäa
bm cuihjra
fuabnm pjrnhnm
fuira jsms dh thjd
thjdpm
va`mrjspm bh uba
fmb j` suym. Wjrmpèrnhna.
tjrrhi`j bm dj vmy@mashjbtm
sjbthr pmr
sathsljfcm
ustjn,
Njafmb. ¡Cmbjstadjbtj! Acmra sh dj `m pjrdhtj dj vmy a a`oõb `anm a
aftuar nj afujrnm fmb `a hblmrdafhöb."
"Jstmy aftuabnm nj afujrnm fmb `a hblmrdafhöb
hblmrdafhöb.. Frjm quj sè a`om
afjrf
fjrfaa nj`
nj` djrf
djrfan
anm;
m; quh
uhzzás bm tabtm fmdm ustjn y su adhom C.M.
Cavjdayjr, pjrm tmnaväa frjm quj sè a`om. @m quj jstmy cafhjbnm js
`m quj `a jxpjrhjbfha nhfj, fj, quj sj njij ca cafj
fjrr fm
fmbb `a hb
hblm
lmrd
rdafafhö
höbb
qujj us
qu ustj
tjnn dj traj. Nj
traj. Njsp
spuè
uèss nj quj
quj ub cmdi
cmdirjrj `a jstanm
jstanm jb _a``
_a`` Vtrj
Vtrjjt
jt
tabtm
tab thjdpm fmdm ym, sj shjbtj duy aoranjfhnm abtj fua`quhjra quj
tm thjdpm
shjbta pjba pmr è`. Jstè trabquh`m adhom däm."
J` cmdirj dhrö `aroabjbtj a Njafmb, pmr fuym euhfhm
euh fhm y bjrvhm sjbtäa
ub orab
orab rjspjtm.
Duy prmbtm jbtrö fj bujvm j` fmbsjrej y jbtrjoö a Njaföb ub
hblmrdj, èstj `m dhrö y nh em 5 "Acmra näoa`js quj fmdprjb trjhbta dh`
nj Vuoar. ¡^rjhbta dh`!"
J` fmbsjrej sa`hö afj`jranadjbt
afj`jranadjbtjj y j` prmbmsthfanmr
prmbms thfanmr durdurö
durdurö a`om y
dhrö a` vhjem zmrrm orhs.
"Dh qujrhnm adhom " jxp`hfm Njafmb fmdp`afhjbtjdjbtj, "Bm
nunaia nj quj dj jst jstuvh
uvhjra
jra nhfhjbnm `a vjrnan ta` fmdm ustjn `a caiäa
caiäa
vhstm. Wjrm aubquj cuihjra mhnm a` dhsdm C.M5 Cavjdayjr njfärsj`m,
cairäa aftuanm nj` dhsdm d mnm. Vö`m caiäa
caiäa ub dmnm nj
nj saijr sh a`ouhjb
jstaia fmdprabnm nj` qujquj ustjn njfäa, y fmbshstäa jb cafjr `m quj

?3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

chfj. @as prhdjras nhjz dh` affhmbjs sa`hjrmb láfh`djbtj. Wjrm bm jra
njlhbhthvm. Wjrm `as nhjz dh` sjoubnas lujrmb aismrihnas pmr ub djrfanm
quj bm njeaia nj suihr. J` dmn
dmnmm jb quj lujrmb
lujrmb fmdprana
fmdp ranass jsas vjhbtj dh`
affhmbjs, dj njdmströ quj, jb rja`hnan, caiäa a`ouhjb qujrhjbnm fmd
prar tmnas `as affhmbjs
affh mbjs quj sj mlrjfäab. Jb jstj pubtm,
pubt m, bm js duy
hdpmrtabtj
hdpmrta btj saijr quhjb js jsa pjrsmba. Wmr `m tabtm cj fuihjrtm `ms fmrtms
y jstmy a `arom fmb nhjz dh` affhmbjs, y frjm quj casta acä su hblmrdafhöb
jra vá`hna.
"X ½casta nöbnj ``joa `a hblmrdafhöb= prjoubtö j` prmbmsthfanms
"^hjbjs quhbhjbtas affhmbjs jb jsta mlhfhba
mlhfhba a` prjfhm djnhm
dj nhm nj `as
nhjz dh` affhmbjs,"
affhmbj s," nhem Njafmb. "Iujbms näas, adhom däm.
däm . ^jboa fa`da `a
pröxhda vjz."
"Näoadj Njafmb," nhem j` prmbmsthfanmr, "½sjrá tab adai`j nj
vjbnjr
frjäa." `as däas fuabnm vjbna `as suyas= Frjm quj bm sè tabtm fmdm
Jsa js `a tjmräa. Wmr jsm ym bubfa fmdprm `as affhmbjs iaratas.
Wmr supujstm, shjdprj hbtjbtm mpjrar fmb jlhfhjbfha. Fuabnm sj trata nj
vjbnjr affhmbjs, jstá f`arm quj banhj pujnj vjbnjr a djbms quj a`ouhjb
quhjra jsms va`mrjs.
Vh mpjra a orab jsfa`a, tjbnrá quj tjbjr jstm jb fujbta tmnm j`
thjdpm. J` cmdirj jstunha `as fmbnhfhmbjs, p`abja `as mpjrafhmbjs fuh
nanmsadjbtj y prmfjnj a aftuar. Msfh`a uba iujba `äbja y afudu`a ub
orab ijbjlhfhm, jb papj`. Ihjb, jstj cmdirj bm pujnj vjbnjr a su
faprhfcm. Bm sj pujnj jxpjrar quj j` djrfanm aismria fhbfujbta dh`
affhmbjs nj ub va`mr
va` mr fmb
fmb `a dhsda lafh`hnan quj fhjb. ^jbnrá quj jspjrar
casta quj j` djrfanm jstè nhspujstm a tmdar`m. Jstj js j` dmdjbtm jb j`
quj phjbsa quj jstá abtj j` rjquhshtm nj pmnjr nj fmdpra. Fuabnm ``jouj
jsta mpmrtubhnan njij djnhr`a. @m dás bmrda` js quj caya jstanm
jspjrabnm jstj dmdjbtm. ^hjbj quj vjbnjr fuabnm pujnj, bm fuabnm
quhjrj. Wara saijr fua` js j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm, thjbj quj misjrvar y
jxadhbar. Bm cay bhboõb trufm jb saijr fuábnm j` djrfanm jstá
 nhspujstm a aismrijr `m quj sj `j mlrjfj. Wjrm fuabnm sj trata nj hbhfhar
ub dmvhdhjbtm bm js duy hbtj`hojbtj uth`hzar tmna `a `äbja fmdp`jta, a
djbms nj quj sj jstè fmdp`jtadjbtj fmbvjbfhnm nj quj `as fmbnhfhmbjs
smb `as hnöbjas. Yjfujrnj quj `ms va`mrjs bm jstáb bubfa njdashanm
a`tms para jdpjzar a fmdprar m njdashanm iaems para jdpjzar a
vjbnjr. Wjrm njspuès nj `a trabsaffhöb hbhfha`, bm jljftuè uba sjoubna

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj a
affhmbjs
ffhmbjs ?8

trabsaffhöb a djbms quj `a prhdjra `j dujstrj ub ijbjlhfhm. Jspjrj y

misjrvj. Aquä js nmbnj jbtra `a `jftura nj `a fhbta, para ayunar`j a
njfhnhr j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm para j` fmdhjbzm. Njpjbnj, jb orab
djnhna, nj fmdjbzar jb j` dmdjbtm jxaftm y anjfuanm. Dj fmstö añms
``joar a fmdprjbnjr tmna `a hdpmrtabfha nj jstm. ^adihèb dj fmstm
a`oubms fhjbtms nj dh`js nj nö`arjs.
Bm quhjrm quj parjzfa quj jstmy hbtjbtabnm afmbsjear `a phradh-
nafhöb. Zb cmdirj pujnj phradhnar y cafjr uba jbmrdj fabthnan nj
nhbjrm quj bm cairäa cjfcm sh bm cuihjra phradhnanm; pmr supujstm.
Wjrm `m quj quhjrm njfhr js `m shouhjbtj5 Vupmboa quj `a `äbja nj ub
cmdirj js quhbhjbtas affhmbj
affhmbjss nj ub va`mr. Xa cj nhfcm quj bm sj njijräa
fmdprar tmnm a `a vjz; bm sh sj jstá jspjfu`abnm. Vh `m õbhfm quj jstá
cafhjbnm js euoar, j` õbhfm fmbsjem quj `j nmy js quj bm `m caoa.
Vupmboa quj fmdpra `as fhjb prhdjras, y quj ráphnadjbtj dujs
trab uba pèrnhna. ½Wara què hia a fmdprar dás= Njijräa vjr ráphnadjbtj
ráphna djbtj
quj jstá jquhvmfanm; a` djbms tjdpmra`djbtj.
 \HHH
J` hbfhnjbtj nj `a Zbh
Zbhmb
mb Wafhl
Wafhlhf
hf jb Varatmoa, nurabtj j` vjrabm nj 187<
187<,,
chzm quj dj yvm`vhjra
prmbösthfms dás hbnjpjbnhjbtj
hms, m sja, a y`asbmmphbhmbjs
a `ms fmdjbtarhms,
fmdjbtar prjstara tabta atjbfhöb
y smspjf cas nja `ms
smspjfcas
njdás, njeabnm nj `anm tmnm `m fapafjs m adhstmsms quj punhjrab sjr
pjrsmba`djbtj. @ms cjfcms, y bm `a vabhnan, dj njdmstrarmb quj jra
fapaz nj `jjr `a fhbta fmb dás prjfhshöb quj `a daymräa nj `a ojbtj quj
dj rmnjaia. ^adihèb jstaia djemr jquhpanm quj j` f`hjbtj djnhm nj
Carnhbo Irmtcjrs jb j` sjbthnm nj quj ym jstaia fmdp`jtadjbtj `hirj nj
prjeuhfhms jspjfu`athvms. J` `anm iaehsta bm dj atraj dás quj j` `anm
a`fhsta, m vhfjvjrsa. Dh õbhfm prjeuhfhm lujrtj js jstar jquhvmfanm.
Hbf`usm fuabnm jra ub bhñm, afmstudiraia a mitjbjr dhs prmphas
fmbf`ushmbjs nj `ms cjfcms quj misjrvaia. Jra j` õbhfm dmnm nj ``joar
a fmbmfjr j` shobhlhfanm. Bm pujnm safar nj `ms cjfcms `m quj `a ojbtj dj
nhfj quj saquj. Vj trata nj dhs cjfcms. Vh frjm jb a`om, pujnjs jstar
sjourm nj quj js pmrquj njim frjjr jb j``m. Fuabnm jstmy a `arom fmb
affhmbjs, js pmrquj `a `jftura nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs ca cjfcm quj dj pmboa
a`fhsta. Wjrm pujnm jbfmbtrar dufcas pjrsmbas, quj thjbjb lada nj sjr
hbtj`hojbtjs,
hbtj`ho jbtjs, y sm`m sm
smbb a`fhstas pmrquj thjbjb va`mrjs. Xm bm pjrd pjrdhtm
htm quj
dhs pmsjshmbjs, bh dhs prjpmsjshmbjs, phjbsjb pmr dä. Wmr jsm rjphtm, a
 djbun m, quj ym bubfa nhsfutm fmb `a fhbta. Jblanarsj fuabnm j` djrfanm
djbunm,
va jb fmbtra nj ubm, nj lmrda
lmrda hbjspjrana m h`öohfa, js fmdm jblanartj ffmb
mb
`ms pu`dmbjs pmrquj thjbjs pu`dmbäa.
Oranua`djbtj, dj cj hnm cafhjbnm fmbsfhjbtj nj `a hdpmrtabfha
nj `a `jftura nj `a fhbta jb `a jspjfu`afhöb. @a hbshstjbfha nj` vhjem

31

39 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Wartrhnoj smirj `a hdpmrtabfha vhta` nj sjr fmbthbuadjbtj a`fhsta jb ub

djrfanmm a` a`za, shb nuna, dj chzm p`abtjardj
djrfan p`abtjar dj `a bjfjshnan,
bjfjs hnan, pmr jbfhda
nj tmnas `as njdás fmsas, nj njtjrdhbar j` thpm nj djrfanm jb j` quj sj

mpjra. Fmdjbfèjb a`asnardj

bjfjsarhadjbtj, fujbta
orabnjs nj quj j`
msfh`afhmbjs. Vjaorab nhbjrm
`m quj sja, njij jstar,
`m quj nè
j` hdpu`sm hbhfha` a uba msfh`afhöb orabnj, j` cjfcm js quj su fmbthbua
fhöb bm js j` rjsu`tanm nj `as dabhpu`afhmbjs a travès nj jbfujstas m
arthlhfhms lhbabfhjrms, shbm quj njpjbnj nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas. Bm
hdpmrta quhjb sj mpmboa a j``m, `a msfh`afhöb njij fmrrjr hbjvhtai`jdjb
tj tab ráphnm y tab `jems fmd
fmdmm pujna casta nmbnj njtjrd
njtjrdhbjb
hbjb `as lujrzas
prhbfhpa`js.
Njspuès nj `m quj sufjnhö jb Varatmoa, fmdjbfè a vjr dás f`ara
djbtj, quhzás njijräa njfhr dás danuradjbtj, ya quj tmna `a `hsta sj
dujvj nj afujrnm fmb `a fmrrhjbtj prhbfhpa`, bm caiäa tabta bjfjshnan
fmdm hdaohbaia nj jstunhar `ms papj`js hbnhvhnua`js m j` fmdpmrtadhjb
tm nj ub njtjrdhbanm va`mr. ^adihèb, fmdprjbnä pjbsabnm jb `a msfh`a
fhöb quj j` cmdirj bm jstaia `hdhtanm jb `a mpjrafhöb. Wmnäa fmdprar m
vjbnjrr tmna `a `hsta jbtjra.
vjbnj jbtjra . Jb fhjrtms
fhjrtm s va`mrjs,
va`mrjs , js pj`hormsa
pj`horms a uba `äbja fmrta
njspuès nj quj ub cmdirj vjbna dás nj ub njtjrdhbanm pmrfjbtaej nj`
faphta`, `a fabthnan njpjbnj nj födm, nöbnj y quhèb dabtjboa j` va`mr.
Wjrm pmnräa vjbnjr ub dh``öb nj affhmbjs nj `a `hsta ojbjra`, sh tuvhjra
j` prjfhm,
prjfh m, shb pj`horm
pj`hor m nj sjr jstrueanm. Jb `ms vhjems thjdpms
thj dpms,, `ms hbhfhanms
hbhfhanm s
sm`äab cafjr uba orab fabthnan nj nhbjrm pjrhönhfadjbtj a parthr nj `ms
fmrtms, y tjbäab ub orab tjdmr a `ms rhbfmbjs y a `ms jstruembjs.
Mivhadjbtj, `m quj cay quj cafjr jra sjr a`fhsta jb ub djrfanm
a` a`za y iaehsta jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea. Vujba tmbtm, ½bm=. Wjrm tuvj
quj sjr p`jbadjbtj
p`jba djbtj fmbsfhjbtj
fmbsfhj btj nj jstj prhbfhphm ojbjra` abtjs nj vjr quj
su pujsta jb prafthfa shobhlhfaia rja`djbtj abthfhpar `as prmiaih`hnanjs.
Wjrm para cafjrdj eusthfha, njim njfhr quj casta jbtmbfjs bm caiäa
tjbhnm bubfa uba apujsta sulhfhjbtjdjbtj orabnj fmdm para jspjfu`ar
nj jsj dmnm. Zba msfh`afhöb orabnj
orabn j shobhlhfará
shobhlhfará dufcm nhbjrm
nhb jrm,, sh su `äbja
js orabnj, y para pmnjr msfh`ar uba `äbja orabnj cafj la`ta quj tjboa ub
orab ia`abfj jb su mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej.
Vhjdprj tuvj,
tuvj , m frjä tjbjr, `a bjfjshnan
bjfjsh nan nj oabardj
oabar dj j` pab nj tmnms
`ms näas, jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. Hbtjrljräa fmb dhs jslujrzms nj hbfrj
djbtar `a apujsta nhspmbhi`j para ub dètmnm nj mpjrafhöb jb `as msfh
`afhmbjs dás farm nj lmrda hbdjnhata, pjrm dás `jbtm y vjbtaemsm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpj
mpjranmr
ranmr nj affhmbjs 36
Wjrm bm sm`m frjfhö `a fmblhabza jb dä dhsdm, anjdás, dhs
fmrrjnmrjs fmdjbzarmb a njear nj pjbsar jb dä fmdm jb j` jspmránhfa
djbtj almrtubanm Fchfm nj `as apujstas. Caiäab oabanm dufcm fmb dhs
fmdhshmbjs,
tjbjr ub va`mrpjrm
dásacmra ym ``jvaia
a``á nj` vm`udjbfadhbm nj dh
aftua` nj sjr mpjrafhöb.
su f`hjbtj Zb
jstrj``a y
f`hjbtj
quj cafj nhbjrm js uba vjbtaea para fua`quhjr mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej.
Njsnj j` dmdjbtm quj njeè nj sjbthrdj sathsljfcm fmb j` djrm
jstunhm nj `a fhbta, njeè nj prjmfupardj, jxf`ushvadjbtj, pmr `as l`uf
tuafhmbjs nharhas nj `ms va`mrjs jspjfälhfms, y fuabnm mfurrhö jstm, tuvj
quj jstunhar j` eujom njsnj ub ábou`m nhljrjbtj. \m`vä a traiaear njsnj
`a fmthzafhöb casta `ms prhdjrms prhbfhphms; njsnj `as l`uftuafhmbjs nj
prjfhm casta `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas.
Wmr supujstm, caiäa `jhnm `a hblmrdafhöb nharha nj lmrda rjou`ar
nurabtj a`oõb thjdpm. ^mnms `ms mpjranmrjs `m cafjb. Wjrm `a daymräa
jra fmth``jm, a`oubas bmthfhas jrab nj`hijranadjbtj la`sas, y j` rjstm jra
`a djra mphbhöb pjrsmba` nj `ms jsfrhtmrjs. @ms abá`hshs sjdaba`js afrj
nhtanms quj trataiab `as fmbnhfhmbjs suiyafjbtjs nj` djrfanm bm dj
jrab sathslaftmrhms. Fmdm bmrda, j` pubtm nj vhsta nj `ms jnhtmrjs
lhbabfhjrms
lhbabfhjr ms bm jra houa` a` däm.War
däm .Waraa j``ms bm jra ub tjda vhta` aba`h
aba`hzar
zar
`ms cjfcms y safar fmbf`ushmbjs, pjrm para dä sä `m jra. Anjdás caiäa
tadihèb uba orab nhljrjbfha jb bujstrm dmnm nj jblmfar j` j`jdjbtm
thjdpm. Wara dä, j` abá`hshs nj `a sjdaba quj afaiaia nj pasar jra
djbms hdpmrtabtj quj `a prjnhffhöb nj `as sjdabas shouhjbtjs.
Nurabtj añms, caiäa shnm `a väfthda nj uba hblmrtubana fmdihba
fhöb nj la`ta
la`ta nj jxpjrhj
jxp jrhjbfha
bfha,, euv
euvjbt
jbtun
un y faphta` hbsulhfh
hbsulhfhjbtj.
jbtj. Wjrm acmra
sjbtäa j` rjomfhem nj ub njsfuirhnmr. Dh bujva afthtun cafha j` eujom
jxp`hfaia dhs rjpjthnms lrafasms a` hbtjbtar cafjr dufcms nhbjrms jb
Bujva Xmrk. Wjrm acmra, fmb `ms rjfursms, jxpjrhjbfha y bhvj` nj
fmblhabza anjfuanms,
anjfuanms , tjbäa tabta prhsa para prmiar `a bujva ``avj, quj
q uj bm
dj nh fujbta nj quj caiäa mtrm fjrrmem jb `a pujrta, ¡ub fjrrmem nj
thjdpm! Jra ub njsfuhnm pjrljftadjbtj batura`. ^jbäa quj paoar j`
fmbmfhdhjbtm, ub iujb om`pj pmr fana pasm anj`abtj.
 Jstunhè `a shtuafhöb jb 187< y pjbsè quj `a pjrspjfthva nj` nhbjrm
jra parthfu`ardjbtj sjrha. Vj caiäa njstruhnm orab partj nj `a rhqujza nj`
dubnm. ^arnj m tjdprabm, tmnm j` dubnm sjbthräa j` pj``hzfm, y pmr `m
tabtm banhj jstaräa jb shtuafhöb nj ayunar a banhj. Jstms thjdpms nurms
bm jstaiab prmvmfanms pmr `a pèrnhna nj uba fasa va`mrana jb nhjz dh`

3> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nö`arjs m uba faroa nj faia``ms nj farrjras va`mranms jb mfcm dh`

nö`arjs. Jra `a fmdp`jta njstruffhöb nj uba fasa a dabms nj` lujom, y `a
pèrnhna nj fash tmnms `ms faia``ms nj farrjras a fausa nj ub cubnhdhjbtm
nj `a autmphsta. @a orab fabthnan nj nhbjrm quj sj ``jvö j` cudm nj `ms
fañmbjs jb `a oujrra nj Imjr, y `ms dh``mbjs quj sj oastarmb para
a`hdjbtar a `ms sm`nanms quj sj jbfmbtraiab jb j` sur nj Álrhfa y quj bm
prmnufäab, bm shobhlhfö ayuna pmr partj nj `ms hbvjrshmbhstas irhtábhfms
fmdm jb j` pasanm. Anjdás, j` tjrrjdmtm j hbfjbnhm nj Vab Lrabfhsfm
y a`oubms mtrms njsastrjs, aljftarmb a tmnm j` dubnm, dabulafturas,
orabejrms, fmdjrfhabtjs, mirjrms y dh``mbarhms. @as autmphstas y farrj
tjras sj vhjrmb duy aljftanas. Dj lhourm quj bana punm sa`varsj nj `a
fatástrmlj. Abtj ub fasm asä, sö`m sj pmnäa cafjr uba fmsa, vjbnjr
affhmbjs.!

njspuèsXm,njpara jbtmbfjs,
njfhnhrdj caiäa`a misjrvanm
smirj nhrjffhöb ya
qujqujhiadhatrabsaffhöb
sjouhr, djhbhfha`,
hia a
prmpmrfhmbar ub ijbjlhfhm. X acmra, fuabnm njfhnäa vjbnjr, pmbäa tmnm
jb eujom. Vhb nuna, jstáiadms anjbtrábnmbms jb ub djrfanm iaehsta
ojbuhbm, y ym jstaia sjourm nj quj hia a cafjr j` djemr bjomfhm nj tmna
dh farrjra.
J` djrfanm iaeö. Njspuès vm`vhö a suihr. Vj trabslmrdö oranua`
djbtj y njspuès fmdjbzö a avabzar fmb lhrdjza. Dhs ijbjlhfhms jb
papj` sj njsvabjfhjrmb
njsvabj fhjrmb y `as pèrnhnas frjfhjrmb.
frjfhjrmb . Zb näa, parjfäa quj bm
hia a qujnar bhboõb trazm iaehsta para fmbtar j` fujbtm nj` jstrhftadjbtj
ojbuhbm djrfanm a `a iaea. Bm punj rjshsthr j` arpöb. Fuirä. X djbms da`
quj `m chfj. Vh bm `m cuihjra cjfcm bm cuihjra tjbhnm `m sulhfhjbtj para
fmdprar uba tarejta pmsta`. Wjrnä fash tmna `a phj`, pjrm jra djemr jstar
vhvm para `ufcar mtrm näa.
Caiäa fmdjthnm ub jrrmr. Wjrm, ½nöbnj=, jstaia a `a iaea jb ub
djrfanm a `a iaea. Jsm jra duy hbtj`hojbtj. Caiäa vjbnhnm `as affhmbjs
a fmrtm. Jsm jstaia ihjb. @as caiäa vjbnhnm njdashanm prmbtm. Jsm jra
fmstmsm. Dh pmshfhöb jra `a fmrrjfta pjrm j` eujom jrröbjm. Vhb jdiarom,
j` djrfanm sj afjrfaia fana vjz dás a` hbjvhtai`j ap`astadhjbtm. Wmr `m
tabtm jspjrè, y fuabnm `a rjfupjrafhöb
rjfupjra fhöb fmdjbzö
fmdjb zö a rabqujar y a pausarsj,
paus arsj,
dj njschfj nj tabtms va`mrjs fmdm pjrdhtäab dhs nhsdhbuhnms dárojbjs.
Jsta vjz tjbäa razöb, pmr ub näa jbtjrm jxaftadjbtj, ¡pmrquj a` näa
shouhjbtj sj prmnuem mtra rjfupjrafhöb!. ¡Mtrm iujb om`pj!. Wmr `m tabtm
`jä `a fhbta, fuirä y jspjrè. A su njihnm thjdpm, vm`vä a vjbnjr mtra vjz,

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mp jranmr nj affhmbjs 3:
y mtra vjz iaearmb
iaearmb nj lmrda prmdhbjbtj
prmdhbj btj para vm`vjr a rjfupjrarsj.
rjfupjrar sj. Warjfäa
quj j` djrfanm
djrf anm jstaia cafhjbnm
cafhj bnm tmnm `m pmshi`j para cafjrdj
caf jrdj vm
vm`vjr
`vjr a dhs
vhjems y shdp`js dètmnms nj mpjrafhöb nj iufkjt scmp. Jra `a prhdjra
vjz quj caiäa traiaeanm fmb ub p`ab njlhbhnm nj fara a` luturm quj
aiarfaia tmnm j` djrfanm, jb vjz nj ubm m nms va`mrjs. Dj lhourè quj sh
dabtjbäa, oabaräa. Wmr supujstm, jb aquj` jbtmbfjs, bm caiha njsarrm``a
nm tmnaväa dh shstjda nj jdp`azadhjbtm nj apujstas, m cairäa pujstm dh
`äbja nj fmrtms jb djrfanm njsfjbnjbtj, ta` y fmdm jxp`hquè `a õ`thda
vjz. Bm cuihjra pjrnhnm tabtm darojb. Dj cairäa jquhvmfanm, pjrm bm
dj cairäa cjfcm nañm. Fmdm pujnj vjr, caiäa misjrvanm nhvjrsms
cjfcms, pjrm bm caiäa aprjbnhnm a fmmrnhbar`ms. @a misjrvafhöb hbfmd
p`jta, bm sm`m bm ayunö, shbm quj anjdás dj `m pusm dufcm dás nhläfh`
tmnaväa.
Vhjdprj cj jbfmbtranm ijbjlhfhmsm j` jstunhm nj dhs jrrmrjs. Njs
fuirä quj jstaia duy ihjb bm pjrnjr `a pmshfhöb jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea,
pjrm quj shjdprj
shj dprj sj njiäa `jjr
`jjr `a fhbta para njtjrdhbar j` thjdpm prmphfh
prmphfhmm
nj pujsta jb darfca nj `a mpjrafhöb. Vh fmdhjbza ihjb, su pmshfhöb
ijbjlhfhmsa bm sj vjrá adjbazana; y jbtmbfjs bm jbfmbtrará bhboõb
prmi`jda para sjbtarsj y jspjrar.
Wmr supujstm, cmy jb näa, tjbom uba fmblhabza dufcm daymr jb `a
jxafthtun nj dhs misjrvafhmbjs, jb `as quj bh `as jspjrabzas bh `as
alhfhmbjs eujoab bhboõb thpm nj papj`, y tjbom tadihèb dufca dás
lafh`hnan para vjrhlhfar dhs affhmbjs y para pmbjr a prujia `a va`hnjz nj
dhs pubtms nj vhsta. Wjrm jb 187<, jsa sjrhj nj rjfupjrafhmbjs pjreunhfö
oravjdjbtj dhs dárojbjs.
^jbäa fash vjbthshjtj añms. @`jvaia nmfj añms jb j` eujom. Wjrm `a
prhdjra vjz quj mpjrè a fausa nj uba frhshs quj tmnaväa jstaia pmr vjbhr,
njsfuirä quj jstaia uth`hzabnm ub tj`jsfmphm. Jbtrj dh prhdjra vhshöb nj
`a buij nj tmrdjbta y j` dmdjbtm nj safar parthnm nj `a orab ruptura, j`
jsthröb luj, jvhnjbtjdjbtj, tab orabnj quj fmdjbfè a pjbsar sh rja`djb
tj vh, `m quj frjä caijr vhstm tab f`aradjbtj. Caiäadms tjbhnm dufcms
avhsms y sjbsafhmba`js asfjbsms jb `as tasas nj nhbjrm a `a vhsta. Wjrm
 a`oubms lhbabfhjrms cai`aiab tmnaväa jspjrabzanadjbtj, a` djbms a `ms
pjrhmnhstas, y `as suishouhjbtjs rjfupjrafhmbjs njsdhbthjrmb a `ms fatas-
trmlhstas. ½Dj caiäa jquhvmfanm a` jstar a `a iaea=½ m jstaia sm`m tjdpm
ra`djbtj jquhvmfanm a` caijr fmdjbzanm a vjbnjr a `a iaea njdashanm
prmbtm=.

3< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Njfhnä quj caiäa fmdjbzanm njdashanm prmbtm, pjrm quj bm

pmnäa jvhtar`m.
jvhta r`m. Njspu
Nj spuès,
ès, j` djrfanm fmdjbzö
fmdj bzö a `hquhnar.
`hquhnar . Jsa jra dh mpmr
tubhnan. \jbnä tmnm `m quj punj, y njspuès `ms va`mrjs sj rjfupjrarmb
tadihèb casta a`fabzar ub bhvj` iastabtj iujbm.
Dj qujnè `hdphm
Acä jstaia ym, ¡ `hdphm y rjvjbtanm!
rjvjb tanm!
Njsnj `ujom js nhobm nj djbfhöb.
djbfhö b. @m quj mfurrhö luj luj `m shouhjbt
shou hjbtj5
j5
Dhrè cafha anj`abtj y vh ub dmbtöb nj nö`arjs. Nj jstj dmbtöb nj
nö`arjs fm`oaia ub `jtrjrm. Jb è` sj `jäa "Värvasj", fmb `jtras jbmrdjs. A
su `anm caiäa uba tarejta quj tjbäa jsfrhtm jb ubm nj sus `anms "@awrjbfj
"@awr jbfj
@hvhbstmb ^rufkhbo Fmrpmrathmb". ^jbäa uba bujva jxfavanmra jb dhs
dabms. Bm caiäa bh ub a`da a `a vhsta, pmr `m tabtm bm tjbäa bhbouba
fmdpjtjbfha, y jra uba ij``jza pmnjr vjr `a ph`a nj nö`arjs abtjs quj `ms
njdás.
njd ás. @a ojbtj quj pmnäa caijr`m
caij r`m vhstm, sh sj cuihjrab njtjbhnm
njtjb hnm a dhrar,
jstaiab jb jsms dmdjbtms jb `ms parthnms nj ia`mbfjstm, m abnabnm jb
dmtm, m fmdprabnm fasas quj hiab a paoar fmb `ms dhsdms nö`arjs quj
ym caiäa vhstm.
Jra `a prhdjra vjz quj caiäa nhvhsanm dufcm nhbjrm y, batura`
djbtj,
djbt j, dj nhrheä cafha è` nj uba jsfapana. Abtjs nj pmnjr a`fabzar
a`fabz ar `a ph`a
nj nhbjrm, j` vhjbtm fadihö nj nhrjffhöb, sj pusm jb dh fmbtra, y faä a`
suj`m. @a ph`a nj nö`arjs jstaia tmnaväa acä, pjrm ym caiäa pjrnhnm dh
jxfavanmra, y j` vaoöb sj caiäa hnm. ¡X tmnm pmr jfcar a fmrrjr
njdashanm prmbtm! Jstaia abousthanm tratabnm nj njdmstrardj a dh
dhsdmm quj caiäa vhstm nö`arjs nj vjrnan, y bm ub jspjehsdm.
dhsd jspje hsdm. @m vh, y sè
quj `m vh. Wjrm j` pjbsar jb `a rjfmdpjbsa pmr dh jxfj`jbtj vhshöb, chzm
quj bm tuvhjra jb fmbshnjrafhöb `a nhstabfha quj dj sjparaia nj dh ph`a
nj nö`arjs. Njijräa caijr hnm fadhbabnm, bm fmrrhjbnm.
Jstm js `m quj mfurrhö. Bm jspjrè para njtjrdhbar sh jra j`
dmdjbtm anjfuanm para mpjrar jb j` `anm iaehsta. Jb `a õbhfa mfashöb jb
`a quj njijräa caijr hbvmfanm `a ayuna nj `a `jftura nj `a fhbta, bm `m chfj.
chf j.
Asä js fmdm aprjbnä, quj hbf`usm fuabnm sj jstá jb j` fmdhjbzm nj ub
djrfanm iaehsta, js duy afmbsjeai`j bm vjbnjr jb dasa, casta quj bm
caya pj`horm nj quj sj hbfjbnhj j` dmtmr.
Caiäa mpjranm fmb dufcms dh`js nj affhmbjs jb `a mlhfhba
Carnhbo nurabtj tmnms jsms añms y, nj ub dmnm u mtrm, `a lhrda tjbäa
fmblhabza jb dä y bujstras rj`afhmbjs jrab nj `m dás p`afjbtjras. Frjm
quj j``ms pjbsaiab quj ym jstaia a pubtm nj fm`mfardj nj bujvm jb `a

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 3?

shtuafhöb fmrrjfta,
fmrrjf ta, y quj saiäab quj fmb dh fmstudirj nj thrar nj `a sujrtj
`m dás pmshi`j, `m õbhfm quj vjrnanjradjbtj bjfjshtaia jra ub fmdhjb
zm, para pmnjr rjfmirar
rjf mirar tmnm y dás nj `m quj caiäa
caiäa pjrnhnm.
pjrnh nm. Caiäab cjfcm
dufcm nhbjrm orafhas
orafhas a dhs mpjrafhmbjs, y caräa
ca räa tmnaväa dás. Wmr `m tabtm
bm caiäa bhboõb prmi`jda a `a cmra nj sjouhr cafhjbnm acä dhs mpjrafhm
bjs, shjdprj quj dh frènhtm sj dabtuvhjra a uba fhjrta a`tura.
^mna `a sjrhj nj om`pjs quj caiäa rjfhihnm, chzm quj dj vm`vhjra
dás aorjshvm; m quhzás njijräa njfhr djbms fuhnanmsm, pmrquj saiäa quj
dj jbfmbtraia dufcm dás fjrfa nj` ap`astadhjbtm. ^mnm `m quj pmnäa
cafjr jra jspjrar vhoh`abtj, ta` y fmdm njijräa caijr cjfcm abtjs nj
arrhjsoar`m tmnm. Bm sj trataia nj vhoh`ar j` jstai`m njspuès nj quj
rmiarab j` faia``m. Vm`m sj trataia nj jstar sjourm `a pröxhda vjz quj `m
hbtjbtara. Vh j` cmdirj bm fmdjthjra jrrmrjs, pmsjjräa j` dubnm jb ub
djs. Wjrm sh bm aprjbnhjra nj j``ms bm mitjbnräa aism`utadjbtj bana.

Wujs
mtra vjz. ihjb,
Jsta vjzuba iujba
iujbabhbouba
bm caiäa dañaba,nuna.
iaeè
iaeè aCaiäa
`a fhunan
`jhnmshbthèbnmdj
ub abubfhmsjourm
jb `as
páohbas lhbabfhjras nj tmnms `m pjrhönhfms, sj trataia nj` fartj` a` quj bm
tuvj `a hbtj`hojbfha nj jspjrar abtjs nj arrhjsoar`m tmnm.
tmn m. Jra j` abubfhm nj
ub bujvm va`mr jdhthnm pmr Bmrtcjrb Wafhlhf y Orjat Bmrtcjrb Ymans.Yman s. Wara
fmbvjbhjbfha nj `ms suisfrhptmrjs,
suisfr hptmrjs, j` paom sj caräa a p`azms.
p`azm s. Jstm jra a`om
bujvm jb _a`` Vtrjjt. X dj njeö duyduy smrprjbnhnm.
smrprj bnhnm.
Nurabtj `ms añms nj djrfanm a `a iaea, jb Orjat Bmrtjrb, quj
caiäab trabsfurrhnm casta jbtmbfjs, caiäa `jänm j` abubfhm nj quj sj hia
a fmrtar ub bujvm dj`öb, jstj dj`öb fmbshstäa jb j` njrjfcm nj `ms
susfräptmrjs almrtubanms nj susfrhihr ub bujvm va`mr nj Orjat Bmrtcjrb.
Jstms
pmr njrjfcms
jbfhda nj `atjbäab va`mr,acmra
par. Wjrm ya quj j` prjfhm
j` nhbjrm nj`nj` djrfanm
djrfanm sj jstaia shjdprj
jbfmbtraia jb
ta` shtuafhöb quj `ms dás pmnjrmsms iabfms nj` paäs bm jstaiab duy
sjourms nj quj `ms susfräptmrjs punhjrab paoar jb djtá`hfm j` fcm``m. ¡X
j` va`mr prjljrhnm nj Orjat Bmrtcjrb sj jstaia vjbnhjbnm a 667!.
^ab prmbtm fmdm ``jouè a `a mlhfhba `j nhej a Jn Carnhbo, "èstj js
j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm para vjbnjr! Èstj js j` dmdjbtm jb j` quj
njijräa caijr fmdjbzanm. ½Quhjrjs dhrar j` abubfhm=. "
J` ya `m caiäa vhstm. Vjña`è `m quj, jb dh mphbhöb, shobhlhfaia `a
mphbhöb nj `ms iabqujrms, pjrm bm punm vjr nj lmr
lmrda f`ara `a orab ruptura
quj tjbäadms eustm jbfhda. Wjbsö qujquj jra djemr
djemr jspjrar abtjs nj safar
uba orab `äbja a fmrtm, pmr j` cjfcm nj quj `ms djrfanms thjbnjb a sulrhr

33 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

orabnjss rjfupjrafhmbjs. Vh jspjrm pujnj quj `ms prjfhms sjab dás iaems,
orabnj
pjrm `a mpjrafhöb sjrá dás sjoura.
"Jn," `j nhej, " fuabtm dás tarnj jb jdpjzar, dás irusfa sjrá `a
ruptura fuabnm jdphjfj. Jstj abubfhm js uba fmbljshöb lhrdana pmr
partj nj `ms iabqujrms. @m quj j``ms tjdjb js `m quj ym jspjrm. Jsta js
`a sjña`
sjña` quj bms nhfj quj bms cjdms nj dmbtar jb j` vaoöb iaehsta
iaehsta.. Jstm
js tmnm `m quj bjfjshtadms. Vh tuvhjra nh
nhjz
jz dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs, hbvjrthräa
casta j` õ`thdm fèbthdm aquä, jb jstj dhsdm dmdjbtm.
Vjouhdms nhsfuthjbnm y fcar`abn
fcar`abnm.
m. È` bm jstaia sathsljfcm fm
fmbb `as
njnuffhmbjs quj sj punhjrab safar nj ub abubfhm. Wara dä jra sulhjbtj,
pjrm bm para `a daymr partj nj `as pjrsmbas quj sj jbfmbtraiab jb `a mlhfhba.
\jbnä ub pmfm; njdashanm pmfm.
Zbms fuabtms näas dás tarnj, Vt. Wau` abubfhö mtrm va`mr, bm
rjfujrnm sh jrab
quj hdpmrta, js affhmbjs
j` mdhsdm
quj jb j` `jtras, dmdjbtm
`m cj m`vhnanm.
jb qujWjrm bmdj
`m `jä, hdpmrta. @m
nh ffujbta
ujbta
nj quj `a ljfca nj paom jra abtjrhmr a `a quj caiäa jstai`jfhnm Orjat
Bmrtcjrb y Bmrtcjrb Wafhlhf, a pjsar nj quj jsta õ`thda, caiäa abubfhanm
`a jdhshöb fmb abtjrhmrhnan. Jra mivhm, tab mivhm fmdm sh cuihjrab
uth`hzanm ub djoálmbm, quj Vt. Wau` jstaia qujrhjbnm vjbfjr a `as mtras
nms lhrdas, fmb j` pmfm nhbjrm quj l`mtaia jb _a`` Vtrjjt. @ms iabqujrms
nj Vt. Wau` tjdäab quj bm cuihjra sulhfhjbtj para `ms trjs, y bm jstaiab
nhspujstms a njfhr faia``jrmsadjbtj,"¡Zstjn prhdjrm, qujrhnm A`pcmb-
sj!". Vh `m quj jsfasjaia jra j` nhbjrm, y `ms iabqujrms `m saiäab. ½Què
sjräa dás tarnj= @as nms lhrdas nj farrjtjras `m bjfjshtaiab njsjspjra
nadjbtj. Bm jstaia acä. ½Fuá` jra `a rjspujsta=
¡\jbnjr`ms, pmr supujstm! J` põi`hfm, quj tjbäa `ms mems pujstms
jb `a im`sa, vhm duy pmfm jsa sjdaba. @ms mpjranmrjs avhspanms vhjrmb
dufcm, jsj añm. Jsa jra `a nhljrjbfha.
Wara dh èstj jra j` lhba` nj `a nuna y nj` rjfj`m. Dj njfhnä a
dabtjbjrdj acä y jbtmbfjs. Jsa dhsda dañaba, fmdjbfè `m quj sjräa
dh prhdjra fadpaña jb `as `äbjas. Fmdubhquè a Carnhbo dh mphbhöb y
dh pmshfh
pm shfhöb,
öb, y è` bm chzm bhbouba miejf
miejffhöb
fhöb a dh vjbta nj Orjat Bmr
Bmrtcjr
tcjrbb
a 667, y nj mtrms va`mrjs a prjfhms a`tms. Dj ijbjlhfhè nj dhs jrrmrjs
abtjrhmrjs y vjbnä dás hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj.
Dhnj
`m iujbm rjputafhöb y dh frènhtm
jstar jb iujba sj jb
shtuafhöb rjstai`jfhjrmb ráphnadjbtj.
uba mlhfhba nj Jsm js
fmrrjtaej, tabtm sh
js pmr affhnjbtj fmdm sh bm. Wjrm jsta vjz jstaia jb `m fhjrtm, shb `uoar

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 38

a nunas, bm njihnm a uba prjdmbhfhöb, bh a uba cáih` `jftura nj `a fhbta,
shbm fmdm rjsu`tanm nj` abá`hshs nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs quj aljftaiab a`
djrfanm jb ojbjra`. Bm jstaia euoabnm a `as anhvhbabzas. Jstaia abthfh
pabnm `m quj jra hbjvhtai`j. Bm cafäa la`ta njdashana va`jbtäa para
vjbnjr affhmbjs. @m õbhfm quj mfurräa js quj ym bm vjäa bana dás quj
prjfhms fana vjz dás iaems, y tjbäa quj aftuar jb fmbsjfujbfha, ½m bm=.
½Què mtra fmsa pmnäa cafjr=
^mna `a `hsta a` fmdp`jtm jra nj `m dás i`abna y sjbshi`j. Jb jsj
dmdjbtm, sj jstaia prmnufhjbnm uba rjfupjrafhöb y `a ojbtj vjbäa a
avhsardj nj quj sj caiäa ``joanm a` lhba` nj` njsfjbsm. @ms orabnjs
mpjranmrjs, fmbmfhjbnm quj j` hbtjrès a fmrtm jra jbmrdj, caiäab njfhnh
nm jstruear j` djrfanm, y sjouhr anj`abtj. Bms shtuaräa, abtj uba pmstura
pjshdhsta,, ubms fuabtms dh``mbjs. X jstaia f`arm quj `ms
pjshdhsta `ms orabnjs mpjra
nmrjs bm tjbäab fmdpashöb. Xm sm`äa nar `as orafhas a jstms adai`js
fmbsjejrms, nj mtrm dmnm cairäab pjbsanm quj bm dj sjbtäa aoranjfhnm
pmr sus fmbsjems.
J` adhom quj caiäa jstanm jb At`abthf Fhty fmbdhom, sj jbfmbtraia
aombhzabnm. Acmra pmnäa jbtjbnjr `a prjdmbhfhöb quj shouhö a` tjrrjdm
tm. Bm pmn
pmnäa
äa nje
njear
ar nj frjjr jb ta`js aojbfhas,
ao jbfhas, ya quj caiäa ub fuartm nj
dh``öb nj nö`arjs, pmr mijnjfjr hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj, dh fhjom hdpu`sm nj
vjbnjr Zbhmb
Zbhmb Wafhlhf. Nhe
Nhemm hhbf`usm
bf`usm,, quj `a prmvhnjbfha jstaia lubfhmbab
lubfhmbab
nm jb su dhstjrhmsm dmnm para cafjr vjbnjr affhmbjs fuabnm è` jstaia a`
a`za.X acmra, casta pmnäa jbtjbnjr dh sjoubna mpjrafhöb nj ZW jb
Varatmoa, pmrquj pmnäa jbtjbnjr fua`quhjr mpjrafhöb rj`afhmbana fmb ub
va`mr, jb `a quj `a prjnhffhöb lheara, nj dmnm njlhbhthvm, ub dmvhdhjbtm
cafha arrhia m cafha aiaem. Wjrm jstm nj prjnjfhr quj tmnms `ms va`mrjs
jstuvhjrab a pubtm nj iaear, `j jxaspjraia. ½Nj què sj trataia=½Födm
njdmbhms pmnäa ubm njfhr què js `m quj caiha quj cafjr=
Yjfmrnè `a lrasj lavmrhta nj` vhjem Wartrhnoj, "Ihjb, ya saijs quj
j` djrfanm js a`fhsta", fmdm sh jstj prmbösthfm lujra sulhfhjbtj para
fua`quhjra quj lujsj däbhdadjbtj astutm; y jb vjrnan `m jra. Jra duy
furhmsm, quj njspuès nj sulrhr trjdjbnas pèrnhnas pmr uba ruptura nj
quhbfj m vjhbtj pubtms, `a ojbtj quj jspjraia, nhjra `a ihjbvjbhna a uba
rjfupjrafhöb nj trjs pubtms y jstuvhjra sjoura nj quj sj caiäa a`fabzanm
j` suj`m y caiäa nanm fmdhjbz
fmdhjbzmm `a rjfupjrafhöb fmdp`jta.
Zb näa dh adhom sj dj afjrfö, y dj prjoubtö, "½tj cas pujstm a
fuihjrtm="

87 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"½X pmr què hia a cafjr`m= nhej.

"Wmr `a djemr razöb nj` dubnm".
"½Què razöb js èsa="
"Wara cafjr nhbjrm. Cab tmfanm suj`m y `m quj iaea suij ½M bm=.
"Vä," fmbtjstè. "Wrhdjrm tmfab suj`m. Njspuès suijb; pjrm bm hb
djnhatadjbtj. Vj cab cab nj dabtjbjr hbdövh`js
hbdövh`js ub par nj
nj näas.
näas . ^mnaväa bm
js dmdjbtm nj quj suiab a `a supjrlhfhj. Bm jstáb sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
hbdövh`js tmnaväa."
Dj myö njfhr jstm ubm nj jsms vhjems mpjranmrjs, a `ms quj tmnm
`js rjfujrna a`om. Nhem quj _h``had Y. ^ravjrs, quj jstaia a `a iaea, sj
jbfmbtrö uba vjz fmb ub adhom quj jstaia a` a`za. Hbtjrfadiharmb sus
pubtms nj vhsta smirj j` djrfanm y j` adhom nhem, "Dr. ^ravjrs, ½födm
pujnj jstar ustjn a `a iaea
iaea fuabnm j` djrfanm jstá tab räohn
räohnm="
m=" y ^ravjrs
fmbtjstö, "¡Vä!, ¡@a rrrh-oohnjzz nj `a ddujjjjrtjjj!". Luj ^ravjrs
quhèb luj
luj a `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba nj `a fmdpañäa y phnhö pjrdhsm para vjr `ms `hirms
`hirms..
J` fmbsjrej `j prjoubtö, "½^hjbj ustjn a`oõb hbtjrès jb jsta Fmdpañäa=
y ^ravjrs fmbtjstö, "¡Frjjm quj tjjjbom quj njfhhhr quj säää! ¡Jstmy a
fmmmrtm pmr v-vjhbtj dh` affhmmbjs nj jstj va`mmmr!"
Ihjb, `as rjfupjrafhmbjs sj chfhjrmb
chfhjrmb fana vj
vjzz dás nèih`js.
nèi h`js. Jstaia
thrabnm nj `a sujrtj tmnm `m quj pmnäa. FanFanaa vjz quj vjbnäa ubms fuabtms
fhjbtms nj nö`arjs nj Orjat Bmrtcjrb a ub prjfhm `hdhtanm,j` prjfhm sj
rmdpäa pmr varhms pubtms. ^abtjè `ms pubtms nèih`js y `ms uth`hfè jb su
fmbtra. ^mnms prmtjstarmb,
prmtjs tarmb, fmb uba asmdirmsa jxfjpfhöb; Yjanhbo.
Dhjbtras tmnm cafäa quj j`j` tmimoáb rjsia`ar
rjsia`ara,
a, Yjanhbo sj dabtjbäa
tab jrouhnm
jstaia fmdm j` Wjñöb
arrhbfmbanm. nj Ohira`tar.
nj
X njsnj Ohira`
`ujomtar. ^mnm j`
aftuaia dubnm
fmdm njfha
sh `m qu
qujj j` va`mr
jstuvhjra. Dj
njfäab quj vjbnjr Yjanhbo a fmrtm jra ub f`arm suhfhnhm. Caiäa ojbtj jb
`a mlhfhba quj sj jbfmbtraia acmra tab a `a iaea fmdm ym. Wjrm fuabnm
a`ouhjb cafha a`oõb fmdjbtarhm afjrfa nj vjbnjr Yjanhbo, pjnäab ayuna.
Xm dhsdm caiäa vjbnhnm a`om a fmrtm y dj dabtjbäa lhrdj
lhrdj abtj j``m.
j``m . Wjrm
batura`djbt
batura `djbtj,
j, a` dhsdm thjdpm prjljräa iusfar y `ufcar fmbtra `ms pubtms
dás nèih`js, jb vjz nj `ufcar fmbtra `as jspjfhjs dás lujrtjdjbtj
prmtjohnas. @a `jftura nj `a fhbta, dj nhem quj jra dás láfh` cafjr nhbjrm
fmb mtrms va`mrjs.
Mä dufcas
fmbsmrfhm iastabtjfmsas afjrfa
lujrtj. Waranj` fmbsmrfhm
jdpjzar, a`fhsta
tjbäab nj Yjanhbo.
dufcms va`mrjs Jra ub
a iaem
prjfhm, pmr `m tabtm su djnha jstaia pmr njiaem nj` bhvj` rjhbabtj, sjoõb

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 81

`ms adhoms quj dj cai`armb nj j``m. Anjdás, `ms prhbfhpa`js dhjdirms
nj` fmbsmrfhm tjbäab uba rj`afhöb nj `m dás fjrfaba y adhstmsa fmb `ms
iabfms, fuym nhbjrm jstaiab uth`hzabnm para safar anj`abtj `ms orabnjs
"cm`nhbos" nj Yjanhbo. Dhjbtras `ms prjfhms sj dabtuvhjrmb a`tms `a
adhstan nj `ms iabqujrms lujluj lhrdj
lhrdj y rjsuj`ta. J` ijbjlhfhm jb papj` nj
ub dhjdirm nj` fmbsmrfhm jstaia pmr jbfhda nj `ms trjs dh``mbjs. Jstm
pjrdhtäa quj sj prmnuejrab njsfjbsms shb fausar bhbouba lata`hnan. Bm
js nj jstrañar quj `as affhmbjs sj dabtuvhjrab a`tas y njsalharab a `ms
iaehstas. Fana
Fana pmfm thjdpm, `ms mpjranmrjs nj` parquè dhraiab j` prjfhm
prjfhm,,
sj rj`adäab y fmdjbzaiab a pmbjr`m
pmbjr`m a prujia fmb dh`
dh` m nms dh` affhmbjs.
af fhmbjs.
Bm punhjrmb cafjr quj fayjra, pmr `m tabtm sj pushjrmb a fuihjrtm y sj
lujrmb a iusfar nhbjrm láfh` a a`oõb mtrm `anm. Fana vjz quj `m dhraia,
vjbnäa ub pmfm dás, sm`m `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm para fmbvjbfjrdj nj quj
jstaia jb `m fhjrtm jb rj`afhöb fmb dhs bujvms prhbfhphms nj mpjrafhöb,
y bm jstaia euoabnm a dh eujom lavmrhtm.
Jb `ms vhjems thjdpms,
thjd pms, `a lujrza
lujrza nj Yjanhbo pmnräa
pmnräa caijrdj vuj`tm
`mfm. @a fhbta sjouäa nhfhjbnm, "¡Nèea`m!". Wjrm dh razöb dj njfäa a`om
nhljrjbtj. Jstaia abthfhpábnmdj a uba ruptura ojbjra`, y fmbsmrfhm m bm
fmbsmrfhm, bm hia caijr jxfjpfhmbjs.
Cj euoanm shjdprj
shj dprj uba sm`a dabm. Jsm js `m quj cafäa jb `ms iiufkjt
ufkjt
scmps, y jsm js `m quj sjouäa cafhjbnm. Asä js fmdm lubfhmba dh djbtj.
^jbom quj tjbjr dh prmpha vhshöb y dhs prmphms pjbsadhjbtms. Wjrm
pujnm njfhr quj njspuès nj quj j` djrfanm fmdjbzara a dmvjrsj jb dh
nhrjfföb, sjbtä pmr prhdjra vjz jb dh vhna, quj tjbäa a`hanms, `ms dás
lujrtjs y `ja`js nj` dubnm5 `as fmbnhfhmbjs lubnadjbta`js. Dj jstaiab
ayunabnm
fuabnm tmnm `mnjquj
sj trataia pmnäab.
arrmear Quhzás lujrmb
`as rjsjrvas, ub pmfm
pjrm jrab sjrhas`jbtas a vjfjs
y lmrda`js, sh
ym bm dj vm`väa duy hdpafhjbtj. Bm jstaia jblrjbtabnm dh caih`hnan
para `jjr `a fhbta bh dhs prjsjbthdhjbtms jb fmbtra nj `a sujrtj. @a
hbjxmrai`j `öohfa nj `ms afmbtjfhdhjbtms dj jstaia nabnm nhbjrm.
^mnm fmbshstäa jb jstar jb `m fhjrtm;
fh jrtm; saijr`m y aftuar nj afujrnm fmb
j``m. @as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js, dhs lhj`js a`hanas, njfäab "¡Aiaem!"y
 Yjanhbo pasaia pmr
pmr a`tm `a mrnjb. Jra ub hbsu`tm para bmsmtrms. Fmdjbzö
a bm oustardj quj Yjanhbo sj dabtuvhjra lhrdj, fmdm sh tmnm jstuvhjra
sjrjbm. Njiäa sjr `a djemr
djemr vjb
vjbta
ta a fmrtm nj tmna `a
`a `hsta, pmrquj bm caiäa
iaeanm y j` fmbsmrfhm jstaia smstjbhjbnm ub dmbtöb nj va`mrjs quj bm
sjräa fapaz
fapaz nj smstjbjr fuabnm `a jstrjfcjz jfmbödhfa
jfmbödhfa sj chfhjra dá
dáss

89 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

prmbubfhana. A`oõb näa `ms adhoms nj `ms iabqujrms njearäab nj safar

prmvjfcm nj j``m. J` va`mr njij hr fmb `ms njdás. Vh Yjanhbo bm
njsfjbnäa, dh tjmräa jstaräa jquhvmfana; jstaia jquhvmfanm; `ms cjfcms

jstaiabDjjquhvmfanms;
lhourè quj `a
j` `öohfa
prjfhm jstaia jquhvmfana.
sj dabtjbäa pmrquj _a`` Vtrjjt tjbäa
dhjnm nj vjbnjr`m.
vjbnjr `m. Wmr `m tabtm, ub näa nj a nms fmrrjnmrjs, nms örnjbjs
(a fana ubm) nj quj vjbnhjrab fuatrm dh` affhmbjs, a` dhsdm thjdpm.
Njijräa caijr vhstm aquj` va`mr arrhbfmbanm, fmb j` quj pmbjrsj a
fmrtm sjräa fmdm fmdjtjr ub suhfhnhm, nar ub sa`tm nj tradpm`äb cafha
anj`abtj fuabnm aparjfhjrmb dhs örnjbjs. Vm`tè a`oubms dh`js dás. J`
prjfhm jstaia jb 111 fuabnm fmdjbfè a vjbnjr. Jb pmfms dhbutms tmna
dh `äbja jstaia jb 89.
Njspuès nj jstm, tuvj uba iujba tjdpmrana, y jb ljirjrm nj 187?
mituvj oababfhas. Orj
Orjat
at Bmrtcj
Bmrtcjrb
rb caiäa iaeanm sjsjbta m sjtjbta pubt
pubtms,
ms,
y mtrms va`mrjs jb `a dhsda prmpmrfhöb. Caiäa fmbsjouhnm ub iujb
pj``hzfm, pjrm `a razöb pmr `a quj tmdè `as oababfhas, js quj ym dj
lhouraia quj j` njsfjbsm caiäa njeanm nj `anm j` luturm hbdjnhatm. ^ratè
nj iusfar uba rjfupjrafhöb, pjrm bm jra sulhfhjbtjdjbtj a`fhsta fmdm
para quj sj prmnuejra ub ohrm. Bm hia a pjrnjr dh pmshfhöb pmr fmdp`jtm.
Bm jra jb aism`utm rjfmdjbnai`j quj mpjrara jb jstj thpm nj djrfanm,
a` djbms pmr a`oõb thjdpm. @ms prhdjrm nhjz dh` quj mituvj jb `a iufkjt
scmp, `ms pjrnä pmrquj mpjraia nurnurabtj
abtj tmnas `as jstafhmbjs nj` añm,
tmnms `ms näas, tabtm sh `as fmbnhfhmbjs jrab `as anjfuanas fmdm sh bm.
X bm jstaia nhspujstm a fmdjtjr nms vjfjs j` dhsdm jrrmr. Bm m`vhnj

tadpmfm, quj dj caiäa qujnanm arruhbanm pmfm abtjs, pmrquj caiäa

vhstm `a ruptura njdashanm prmbtm y caiäa fmdjbzanm a vjbnjr abtjs nj
thjdpm.
thjdp m. Acmra, fuabnm mitjbäa uba orab oababfha, qujräa safar parthnm
nj j``m para pmnjr sjbthr quj caiäa cjfcm `m quj njiäa. Fmb abtjrhmrhnan,
`as rjfupjrafhmbjs caiäab shnm `a fausa nj dh ruhba. X acmra bm hia a
njear quj `a pröxhda rjfupjrafhöb dj `hquhnara.
` hquhnara. Jb vjz nj sjbtard
sjbtardj,
j, dj
luh a L`mrhna. Dj jbfabta pjsfar y bjfjshtaia ub njsfabsm. A``ä pmnäa
cafjr adias fmsas. X anjdás, cay `äbja nhrjfta jbtrj _a`` Vtrjjt y Wa`d
Ijafc.

HS
Va`ä jb ub frufjrm cafha `a fmsta nj L`mrhna. @a pjsfa jra iujba.
Jstaia a`jeanm nj `ms va`mrjs. Dh djbtj jstaia rj`aeana. Dj `m jstaia
pasabnm ihjb. Zb näa, dj jbfmbtraia jb j` dar jb ub yatj, fuabnm
aparjfhjrmb varhms adhoms jb uba dmtmra. Zbm nj j``ms traäa ub pjrhönhfm.
pjrhö nhfm.
Cafäa ya varhms näas quj bm caiäa vhstm ub pjrhönhfm, y bm sjbtäa bhboõb
njsjm nj cafjr`m. Bm dj hbtjrjsaia bhbouba bmthfha jb jspjfha`. Wjrm
jfcè uba luoaz dhrana a` quj caiäa traänm dh adhom, y vh quj j` djrfanm
caiäa jxpjrhdjbtanm uba orab rjfupjrafhöb; dás nj nhjz pubtms.
@js nhej a dhs adhoms quj hia a vm`vjr fmb j``ms a `a fmsta. @as
rjfupjrafhmbjs dmnjranas quj sj prmnufäab nj vjz jb fuabnm jrab
iastabtj razmbai`js. Wjrm j` djrfanm a `a iaea bm sj caiäa tjrdhbanm; y
acä jstaia _a`` Vtrjjt, m j` `mfm põi`hfm m `ms njsjspjranms hbtjrjsjs
a`fhstas pasabnm pmr a`tm `as fmbnhfhmbjs dmbjtarhas y darfabnm `ms
prjfhms pmr jbfhda nj `m razmbai`j,m njeabnm quj a`ouhjb `m chfhjra. Luj
njdashanm para dä. ^uvj quj jfcar uba dhrana a` djrfanm. Bm saiäa `m
quj pmnräa m bm pmnräa cafjr. Wjrm saiäa quj tjbäa `a bjfjshnan nj vjr j`
tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs.
Dhs fmrrjnmrjs, Carnhbo Irmtcjrs, tjbäab uba mlhfhba jb Wa`d
 Ijafc. Fuabnm jbtrè jbfmbtrè ub dmbtöb nj dufcafcms fmbmfhnms. @a
daymräa nj j``ms jstaiab cai`abnm jb tèrdhbms a`fhstas. Jrab nj `ms quj
aftuaiab nj afujrnm fmb `a fhbta y qujräab affhöb ráphna. Jstj thpm nj
mpjranmrjs bm sj prjmfupab nj dhrar duy cafha anj`abtj, pmrquj jstm bm
va fmb su jsth`m. Xa nhej pmr què sj dj fmbmfäa jb `a mlhfhba nj Bujva
Xmrk fmb j` bmdirj nj "J` bhñm nj `as apujstas". Wmr supujstm, `a ojbtj

86

8> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

shjdprj jxaojra `as oababfhas nj a`ouhjb y j` tadañm nj `a `äbja quj

oaba. @ms dufcafcms quj sj jbfmbtraiab jb `a mlhfhba caiäab mänm quj
ym caiäa fmbsjouhnm ubas jbmrdjs oababfhas jb Bujva Xmrk jb j` `anm
iaehsta, y acmra jspjraiab quj dj `a euoara nj bujvm jb j` `anm fmrtm.
J``ms pjbsaiab quj `a rjfupjrafhöb hia a ``joar dufcm dás `jems, pjrm
shb jdiarom fmbshnjraiab quj dh njijr jra `ufcar fmbtra j``a.
Caiäa vjbhnm a L`mrhna a pjsfar. Caiäa jstanm sulrhjbnm dufcas
tjbshmbjss y bjfjs
tjbshmbj bjfjshtaia
htaia ubas vafa
vafafhmbj
fhmbjs.
s. Wjrm jb j` dmdj
dmdjbtm btm quj vh `m
`jems quj caiäa ``joanm `a rjfup
rjfupjrafh
jrafhöb
öb nj `ms prjf
prjfhms
hms,, nj
njeè
eè nj sjb
sjbthr
thr `a
bjfjshna
bjfjshnann nj `as vafafhm
vafafhmbjs.
bjs. Fuab
Fuabnmnm ``jouè a `a fmsta bm saiäa `m quj hia
a cafjr, pjrm acmra saiäa quj hia a vjbnjr affhmbjs. Jstaia jb `m fhjrtm,
y njiäa njdmstrar`m fmb dh vhjem y õbhfm dmnm nj cafjr`m, nhfhèbnm`m
fmb nhbjrm. \jbnjr `a `hsta ojbjra`, sjräa affhöb anjfuana, prunjbtj, ij
bjlhfhmsa j hbf`usm patrhöthfa.
@m prhdjrm quj vh jb j` tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs js quj Abafmbna
jstaia a pubtm nj fruzar `ms 677. Caiäa jstanm suihjbnm a iasj nj `apsus
y jdpuembjs, y aparjbtjdjbtj tjbäa uba partj a`fhsta. ^jbäa uba vhjea
tjmräa quj njfäa quj fuabnm ub va`mr fruza `ms 177,977 m 677 pubtms pmr
prhdjra vjz, j` prjfhm bm sj njthjbj jb `as fhlras parjs, shbm quj suij
iastabtj dás arrhia, nj dabjra quj sh ustjn fmdpra tab prmbtm fmdm
frufj `a `äbja , `m dás sjourm js quj mitjboa uba oababfha. A `a ojbtj
tädhna bm `j ousta fmdprar uba affhöb jb ub bujvm rjfmrn nj dáxhdms.
Wjrm ym tjbäa `a chstmrha nj ta`js dmvhdhjbtms fmdm ouäa.
Abafmbna jra sm`m ub va`mr nj ub fuartm, m sja, `a par nj `as
affhmbjs jra nj sm`m vjbthfhbfm nö`arjs. Chfhjrmb la`ta fuatrmfhjbtas
affhmbjs nj Abafmbna para houa`ar `as usua`js dh` affhmbjs nj `ms mtrms
va`mrjs, fuym va`mr a `a par jra nj fhjb nö`arjs. Wjbsè quj fuabnm
smirjpasara `ms 677, ym njiäa sjouhr anj`abtj y para, prmiai`jdjbtj,
tmfar `ms 6>7 jbsjouhna.
Yjfujrnj quj ym jra iaehsta, pjrm jra tadihèb ub mpjranmr nj
`jftura nj fhbta. Vaiäa quj sh Abafmbna hia jb `a nhrjffhöb quj dj
lhouráia`j dmvjräa duy ráphnadjbtj. Dj atraj tmnm `m quj sj dujvj
fmb vj`mfhnan. Caiäa aprjbnhnm a tjbjr pafhjbfha y a sjbtardj, pjrm pjr
smba`djbtj, prjlhjrm `ms dmvhjbtms `hojrms y, njsnj `ujom, Abafmbna bm
jra bana `jbta. J` njsjm, shjdprj tab lujrtj jb dä, nj fmblhrdar dhs mi
sjrvafhmbjs, js `m quj chzm quj fmdprara jb j` dmdjbtm nj fruzar `ms
677.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
m pjranmr nj affhmbjs 8:
Eustm jbtmbfjs,
jbtmbf js, `a fhbta jstaia nhfhjbnm quj `a fmdpra jra dás dás
lujrtj quj `a vjbta, y pmr `m tabtm `a rjfupjrafhöb ojbjra` pmnäa hr dás
`jems fmb orab lafh`hnan. Vjräa prunjbtj jspjrar abtjs nj hr a fmrtm. Wjrm
shb jdiarom, quhzás tadihèb dj sa`hjra farm jspjrar.@m qujräa cafjr
safabnm nj Abafmbna trjhbta pubtms ráphnms.
rá phnms. ¡Iaehsta
¡Iaehsta jb tmnm j` djrfanm
y a`fhsta
a`f hsta jb sm`m jsj va`mr! Wmr `m tabtm fmdprè trjhbta y nms dh` affhmbjs
nj Abafmbna, m sja, mfcm dh` affhmbjs fmdp`jtas. Jra ub pmfm arrhjsoa
nm pjrm ym jstaia sjourm nj dhs prjdhsas y dj lhouraia quj j` ijbjlhfhm
ayunaräa a jbomrnar j` darojb nhspmbhi`j para `as mpjrafhmbjs iaehstas
pmstjrhmrjs.
A` näa shouhjbtj, `as `äbjas nj tj`èoralms sj jstrmpjarmb a fausa nj
uba tmrdjbta jb j` Bmrtj, m a`om parjfhnm. Jstaia jb `a mlhfhba Carnhbo
jspjrabnm `as bmthfhas. @a du`thtun sj jstaia fmdhjbnm `as trhpas y ca
fhèbnmsj tmna f`asj nj prjoubtas, ta` y fmdm cafjb `ms mpjranmrjs
fuabnm bm pujnjb mpjrar. Njspuès fmbsjouhdms saijr uba fmthzafhöb,
`a õbhfa jsj näa5 Abafmbna, 989.
Caiäa ub dufcafcm fmbdhom, ub fmrrjnmr quj caiäa fmbmfhnm jb
Bujva Xmrk. È` saiäa quj ym jstaia a `arom fmb mfcm dh` affhmbjs
fmdp`jtas y ym smspjfcaia quj è` tjbäa tadihèb a`oubas pmrquj fuabnm
``joö aquj``a fmthzafhöb tuvm ub affjsm.
affjs m. Bm pmnäa njfhr, jb jsj dmdjbtm,
sh j` va`mr caiha msfh`anm jb mtrms nhjz pubtms m bm. ^jbhjbnm jb fujbta
j` dmnm nj suihr, bm cairäa shnm jxtrañm quj sj rmdphjra jb trjhbta
pubtms. Wjrm `j nhej, "Bm tj prjmfupjs, Emcb. Dañaba jstará tmnm
ihjb."Jsm js `m quj rja`djbtj sjbtäa. Wjrm è` dj dhrö y dmvhö `a faijza
bjoathvadjbtj. È` `m saiäa. Jra nj `ms nj jsa f`asj. Wmr `m tabtm dj rjä,
y jspjrè jb `a mlhfhba, pmr sh ``joaiab dás fmthzafhmbjs. Wjrm bm sjñmr.
Aquj``a luj `a õbhfa quj tuvhdms5 Abafmbna 989. Wara dä shobhlhfaia
uba pèrnhna jb papj` nj fash fhjb dh` nö`arjs. Qujräa uba aftuafhöb
ráphna y jsm js `m quj jstaia fmbshouhjbnm.
J` näa shouhjbtj, `ms fai`js nj tj`èoralms lubfhmbaiab bmrda`djb
tj, y rjfhihdms `as fmthzafhmbjs bmrda`djbtj. Abafmbna sj airhö jb 983
y suihö casta 679 6/>, pjrm duy prmbtm fmdjbzö a njsfjbnjr. ^adpmfm
j` rjstm nj` djrfanm jstaia aftuabnm nj ub dmnm quj prmphfhara `a rjfu
pjrafhöb. Yjsm`vä, quj sh Abafmbna vm`väa casta 671 njiäa fmbshnjrar
tmna `a fujsthöb fmdm ub dmvhdhjbtm la`sm. Jb ub avabfj `joäthdm j`
prjfhm njijräa caijr
baia, shobhlhfaia qujhnm
`mscasta 617 shb njtjbjrsj.
prjfjnjbtjs dj caiäabJbla``anm
fadihm, sh rjaffhm
y quj jstaia

8< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jquhvmfanm; y `m õbhfm quj ubm pujnj cafjr fuabnm sj jstá jquhvmfanm,
jquhvmfa nm,
jquhvmfan m. Caiäa fmdpranm mfcm
js jstar jb `m fhjrtm, njeabnm nj jstar jquhvmfanm.
dh` affhmbjs fmdp`jtas jspjrabnm ub asfjbsm nj trjhbta m fuarjbta
pubtms. Bm sjräa dh prhdjr jrrmr, pjrm tadpmfm j` õ`thdm.
Abafmbna vm`vhö a njsfjbnjr casta 671. Jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj
a`fabzö jsa fhlra, dj afjrquè a` mpjranmr nj tj`èoralms, tjbäab `äbja
nhrjfta fmb `a mlhfhba nj Bujva Xmrk, y `j nhej, "\jbna tmnas dhs
affhmbjs nj Abafmbna, tmnas, `as mfcm dh`."@j nhej jb vmz iaea. Bm
qujräa quj banhj suphjra `m quj jstaia cafhjbnm.
Dj dhrö fash fmb cmrrmr. Wjrm ym asjbtä fmb `a faijza y nhej,
"¡^mnas `as quj tjbom!"
"½Vjouradjbtj, Dr. @hvhbostmb, bm sj rjlhjrj a` djrfanm="y
parjfäa fmdm sh lujra è`, quhjb hia a pjrnjr ubms fuabtms dh``mbjs a
dabms nj ub fmrrjnmr hbfmdpjtjbtj. Wjrm ym sö`m nhej
nhsfuta!" nhej,, "¡\èbna`m! ¡B ¡Bmm
@ms nms
nms I`afk, Ehd y M`
M``hj
`hj,, jstaiab jb `a
`a mlhfhba, jb ub `uoar njsnj
nmbnj bm pmnäab caijr mhnm bujstra fmbvjrsafhöb. Jrab orabnjs mpjra
nmrjs quj caiäab vjbhnm nj Fchfaom, jb nmbnj caihab cjfcm ladmsas
apujstas jb j` trhom, y acmra jrab hdpmrtabtjs mpjranmrjs jb `a Im`sa nj
Bujva Xmrk. Jrab duy rhfms y apmstaiab orabnjs sudas nj nhbjrm.
Fuabnm njeè a` mpjranmr nj tj`èoralms, para vm`vjr a dh shthm jb
lrjbtj nj` tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs, M`hvjr I`afk ashbthö fmb `a faijza y
smbrhö.
"Dañaba `m `adjbtarás, @arry,
@arry,"nhem.
"nhem.
Dj njtuvj y `j prjoubtè, "½Què quhjrjs njfhr="
"Dañaba
"Daña ba tjbnrás quj vm`vjr a fmdprar`as."
"½\m`vjr
"½\m`v jr a fmdprar`as=", nhej. Bm `j caiäa nhfcm bana a banhj,
banhj , tab
sö`m a` mpjranmr nj tj`èoralms.
"Abafmbna," nhem. "^jbnrás quj paoar 697 pmr j``a j``as.s. Bm cas cjfcm
ub iujb
iujb dmvhdhjbtm, @arry.
@arry."" X smbrhö nj bujvm.
"½Què bm js ub iiujb
ujb dmvhdhjbtm=
dmvhdhjbtm="" X pusj fara nj hbmfjbtj.
hbmfj btj.
 "\jbnjr tus mfcm dh` affhmbjs nj Abafmbna jb j` djrfanm; pmr
supujstm, "nh
"nhem
em M``mj I`afk.
Xm saiäa quj è` tjbäa lada nj sjr duy hbtj`hojbtj y nj mpjrar
shjdprj iasábnmsj
fmdprjbnjr jba ``joanm
fmdm caiäa
caiä bmthfhasa nj`
saijrhbtjrhmr. Wjrm
fua` caiäa shnmdj
dh jra hdpmshi`j
mpjrafhöb. Xm
jstaia sjourm quj `a mlhfhba bm dj caiäa nj`atanm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranm
mpjranmrr nj affhmbjs 8?

"M``hj, ½födm saijs tõ jsm=", `j prjoubtè.

Vj rhö y dj nhem5 "@
"@mm sè pmr djnhm nj Fcar`hj Kratzjr." Èsj jra j`
mpjranmr nj tj`èoralm.
"Wjrm sh bh shquhjra sj ca `jvabtanm nj su shthm," nhej.
"Bmm pmnäa mhr `m quj durduraiahs," nhem. "Wjrm mä tmnas y fana uba
"B
nj `as pa`airas nj` djbsaej quj jbvhö a `a mlhfhba nj Bujva Xmrk .
Aprjbnä tj`joraläa cafj varhms añms, tras tjbjr ub orab fmbl`hftm a fausa
nj ub jrrmr jb ub djbsaej. Njsnj jbtmbfj, fuabnm caom caom `m quj tõ afaias
nj cafjr, nar uba mrnjb
mrnjb mra` a ub mpjranmr, dj asjourm nj quj j` mpjranmr
jbväa j` dhsdm djbsaej
djbsaej quj ym `j cj nanm a è`. Fmbmzfm `m quj jbväa jb
dh bmdirj. Wjrm tõ `adjbtarás caijr vjbnhnm Abafmbna. \a a suihr a
:77. "
"Jsta vjz bm, M``hj,"nhej.
Dj dhrö lheadjbtj y dj nhem, "Jstas njdashnm sjourm nj j``m
½bm="
"Xmm bm; `a fhbta," nhej. Bm cai
"X caiäa
äa a``ä bhboõb thfkj t, pmr `m tabtm bm
caiäa bhbouba fhbta. Wjrm è` saiäa a `m quj ym dj rjljräa.
"Xa cj mhnm cai`ar nj jsms páearms" nhem, "quj dhrab a `a fhbta y
jb `uoar nj vjr prjfhms
prjfhms,, vjb uba `aroa `hsta nnjj cmrarhms nj ``joana y sa`hna
nj `ms va`mrjs. Wjrm jstaiab jb fj`nas afm`fcanas para jvhtar quj sj
chfhjrab nañm."
Bm `j fmbtjstè, pmrquj jb jsj dmdjbtm j` fchfm dj traem ub dj
dmrábnud. Caiäab vjbnhnm fhbfm dh` affhmbjs a 9886/>. Xm saiäa quj
bujstras fmthzafhmbjs jstaiab ub pmfm pmr njtrás nj` djrfanm. J` prjfhm
quj aparjfäa jb j` tai`jrm nj Wa`d Ijafc fuabnm nh `a mrnjb nj vjbta a`
mpjranmr jra nj 671. Dj sjbtä
s jbtä tab sjourm nj qquj
uj j` prjfhm a` quj sj jstaia
vjbnhjbnm j` va`mr jb `a Im`sa
Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk, jra hbljrhmr, quj sh a`ouhjb
sj cuihjra mlrjfhnm a fmdprardj j` va`mr a 98< dj cuihjra dujrtm nj
rhsa. @m quj mfurrhö, njdujstra quj caom ihjb a` bm mpjrar bubfa fmb
`ädhtjs. Vupmboadms quj cj pujstm j` `ädhtj nj vjbta jb 677. Bm cairäa
nanm rjsu`tanm. ¡Bm sjñmr! Fuabnm quhjras sa`hr, sa`.
Acmra, dhs va`mrjs fujstab aprmxhdanadjbtj 677. Vafarmb quh
 bhjbtas affhmbjs, affhmbjs fmdp`jtas, pmr supujstm, a 988 6/>. @as dh`
shouhjbtjs a 988 :/3. Njspuès fhjb a 1/9; nmsfhjbtas a 6/3 y nmsfhjbtas
a 1/>.
1/>. @as
@as õ`thdas sa`hjrmb a 983 6/>. J` cmdirj nj` parquè dás
hbtj`hojbtj nj Carnhbo, tarnö quhbfj dhbutms jb njscafjrsj nj `as fhjb
õ`thdas. Bm qujräab sm`tar`as a `a prhdjra.

83 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj mituvj `a hblmrdafhöb

hblmrdafhöb smirj `a vjbta nj `as
õ`thdas affhmbjs, fmdjbfè a cafjr `m quj caiäa vjbhnm a cafjr, m sja,
vjbnjr affhmbjs. ^jbäa quj cafjr`m. Acä jstaia j` djrfanm tras su
jsfabna`msa rjfupjrafhöb, y jstaiab fmdjbzabnm `as vjbtas. @a ojbtj
jstaia fmdjbzabnm
fmdjbzabnm a cai`ar nj bujvm jb tèrdhbms a`fhstas.
a`f hstas. Vhb jdiarom,
j` fursm nj` djrfanm dj njfäa quj `a rjfupjrafhöb caiäa tjrdhbanm. Jra
dás sjourm vjbnjr. Bm cafha la`ta rjl`jxhmbar dufcm.
J` näa shouhjbtj,
shouh jbtj, Abafmbna airhö pmr nj
njiaem
iaem nj 98<. M`hvjr I`afk,
quj jstaia jspjrabnm quj `a rjfupjrafhöb fmbthbuara, caiäa ``joanm duy
tjdprabm para jstar a` tabtm jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj j` va`mr fruzara 697.
Bm sj sh jstaia a `arom, bh pmr què fabthnan, sh js quj `m jstaia. Wjrm bm
sj rhö fuabnm vhm `ms prjfhms nj apjrtura, bh dás tarnj tadpmfm, fuabnm
j` va`mr rmdphö tmnaväa dás, y bm ``joö ub hblmrdj a Wa`d Ijafc,
nhfhjbnm quj ya bm caiäa dás djrfanm para nhfcm va`mr.
Wmr supujstm, jsta js tmna `a fmblhrdafhöb quj ubm bjfjshta. Dhs
frjfhjbtjs ijbjlhfhms jb papj` dj sjouäab rjfmrnabnm quj jstaia jb `m
fhjrtm, cmra tras cmra. Batura`djbtj, vjbnäa a`oubas affhmbjs dás.
¡^mnas! Jra ub djrfanm a `a iaea. ^mnas jstaiab iaeabnm. J` näa
shouhjbtj jra vhjrbjs, fudp`jañms nj _aschbotmb. Bm dj punj qujnar
jb L`mrhna pmrquj caiäa pujstm uba `äbja a fmrtm. Vj dj bjfjshtaia jb
Bujva Xmrk. ½Quhèb dj bjfjshtaia=¡Xm! Wa`d Ijafc jstaia njdasha
nm `jems, njdashanm rjdmtm. Vj pjrnäa dufcm thjdpm va`hmsm tj`jora
lhabnm.
Wartä para Bujva Xmrk. J` `ubjs tuvj quj qujnardj jb Vt.
Auousthbj trjs cmras, jspjrabnm ub trjb. A``ä caiäa uba mlhfhba nj
fmrrjtaej y, batura`djbtj, tjbäa quj vjr fmdm sj jstaia pmrtabnm j`
djrfanm dhjbtras jspjraia. Abafmb
Abafmbna
na caiäa rmtm varhms pubtms njsnj j`
õ`thdm
õ`th dm näa mpjrat
mpjrathvm.
hvm. Nj cjfcm, bm njeö
njeö nj njsfjbnjr casta `a orab
ruptura.
@`jouè a Bujva
Bujva Xmrk y mpjrè jb j` `anm iaehsta
iaehsta nurabtj aprmxhdana
djbtj fuatrm djsjs. Fmdm abtjrhmrdjbtj, j` djrfanm tuvm rjfupjrafhmbjs
lrjfujbtjs, y ym dj pmbäa a fmrtm
fmrtm y a` njsfuihjrtm sufjshvadjbtj. Bm dj
sjbtè, jstrhftadjbtj cai`abnm. Yjfujrnm quj caiäa pjrnhnm cascasta
ta j` õ`thdm
fjbtavmm nj `ms trjsfhjbtms dh` nö`arjs quj oabè jb `a ruptura fausana pmr
fjbtav
j` tjrrjdmtm
ruhba. Acmranj Vab Lrabfhsfm.
Vab
jstaia Lrabfhsf
euoabnmm.sjourm,
^jbäa pmrquj
razöb, ynjspuès
shb jdiarom jstuvj
nj jstar jb js
aiaem, `a
duy orathlhfabtj hr cafha arrhia, hbf`usm aubquj bm sj tmquj tjfcm. J`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjran mr nj affhmbjs 88

dmnm nj cafjr nhbjrm js cafjr`m. J` dmnm nj cafjr orabnjs fabthnanjs

nj nhbjrm, js jstar jb `a pmshfhöb anjfuana jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm. Jb
jstj bjomfhm ub cmdirj thjbj quj pjbsar tabtm jb `a tjmräa fmdm jb `a

práfthfa.
jstunhabtjZb jspjfu`anmr bm njij sjr tab sm`m jstunhabtj, njij sjr
y jspjfu`anmr.
Dj sa`hö iastabtj ihjb, aubquj acmra pujnm vjr quj dh fadpaña
jra táfthfadjbtj hbanjfuana. Fuabnm ``joö j` vjrabm j` djrfanm sj
vm`vhö tmrpj. Jstaia f`arm quj bm sj pmnäa cafjr orab fmsa casta quj
``joara j` mtmñm. ^mna `a ojbtj quj ym fmbmfäa sj caiäa hnm m sj hia a hr
a Jurmpa. Wjbsè quj èstj pmnäa sjr ub iujb dmvhdhjbtm para dä. Wmr `m
tabtm `hquhnè. Fuabnm sa`ä jb iarfm cafha Jurmpa dh shtuafhöb jra nj trjs
fuartms nj dh``öb. A dh dj parjfäa quj jra ub iujb ia`abfj.
Jstaia jb Ahx-`js- Iahbs pasábnm`m ihjb. Dj caiäa oabanm `as
vafafhmbjs. Jra jstupjbnm jbfmbtrarsj jb ub `uoar asä, ``jbm nj nhbjrm,
adhoms
nhslrutaryjbfmbmfhnms
Ahx. _a``fmb `a sm`a
Vtrjjt hbtjbfhöb
jstaia njquj
tab `jems nhslrutar.
bubfa X bm jrajbnhläfh`
pjbsaia j``a,
y jsm js dás nj `m quj pujnm njfnjfhr
hr nj aquj` fjbtr
fjbtrmm nj `m`mss Jstan
Jstanms
ms Zbh
Zbhnms
nms..
Bm tjbäa quj jsfufcar `as fmbvjrsafhmbjs nj Im`sa. Bm bjfjshtaia
mpjrar. ^jbäa `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm para vhvhr nurabtj dufcm thjdpm y,
anjdás, fuabnm vm`vhjra, ya saiäa `m quj tjbäa quj cafjr para oabar
dufcm dás nj `m quj punhjra oastardj jsj vjrabm jb Jurmpa.
Zb näa vh jb j` Cjra`n nj Waräs, uba bmthfha
bmthfh a nnjj Bujv
Bujvaa Xmr
Xmrkk quj njfäa
quj Vdj`tjrs caiäa njf`aranm ub nhvhnjbnm jxtra. Caiäab cjfcm fmrrjr j`
prjfhm nj` va`mr, y j` djrfanm jbtjrm sj caiäa cjfcm iastabtj lujrtj. Wmr
supujstm, jstm fadihö tmnm para dä jb Ahx. @as bmthfhas shobhlhfaiab
shdp`jdjbtj quj `ms orupms a`fhstas jstaiab tmnaväa `ufcabnm, njsjspj
ranadjbtj, jb fmbtra nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs, jb fmbtra nj` sjbthnm fmdõb y
nj `a cmbjsthnan fmdõb, j``ms saiäab `m quj sj avjfhbaia y pmr `m tabtm
jstaiab rjfurrhjbnm a ta`js jsqujdas para pmnjr njscafnjscafjrsj
jrsj nj `ms
va`mrjs abtjs nj quj j` djrfanm `js om`pjara. Js pmshi`j quj j``ms bm
frjyjrab quj j` pj`horm jra tab sjrhm m tab fjrfabm fmdm ym. @ms orabnjs
cmdirj nj _a`` Vtrjjt,
Vtrjjt, smb tab prmpjbsms a pjbsar fmdm `ms pm`äthfms m
 `ms tmbtms. Xm bm pujnm traiaear nj jsj dmnm. ^a` afthtun js lata` jb ub
jspjfu`anmr. Quhzás ub dabulaftmr nj tätu`ms m ub prmdmtmr nj bujvas
jdprjsas pujna pjrdhthrsj j` `uem nj lubfhmbar nj jsj dmnm.
Nj tmnms dmnms, ym saiäa quj fua`quhjr
fua` quhjr thpm nj dabhpu`af
dabhpu`afhöb
höb a`fhsta
jstaia njsthbana a lrafasar jb jsj djrfanm a `a iaea. Jb j` dhsdm hbstabtj

177 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jb quj `jä `a bmthfha, supj quj sm`m sj pmnäa cafjr uba fmsa para jstar a
oustm, y jsm jra vjbnjr
vjbnj r Vdj`tjrs a fmrtm. @ms hbhfhanm
hbhfhanmss nj` parquè
parquè,, fash dj
rmoaiab nj rmnh``as quj `m chfhjra, fuabnm hbfrjdjbtarmb `a tasa nj
nhvhnjbnms a` imrnj nj` pábhfm dmbjtarhm. Jra tab jbmemsm fmdm `ms
vhjems "njsalhms" nj tu euvjbtun. Dj njsalhaiab a quj vjbnhjra jsj va`mr
fmbfrjtm a fmrtm.
Jbvhè a`oubas örnjbjs nj vjbta nj Vdj`tjr y afmbsjeè a dhs
adhoms nj Bujva Xmrk quj sj pushjrab a fmrtm. Fuabnm mituvj j`
hblmrdj nj `ms fmrrjnmrjs vh quj j` prjfhm quj caiäab fmbsjouhnm jstaia
sjhs pubtms pmr njiaem nj `as fmthzafhmbjs quj aparjfäab jb j` Warhs
Cjra`n. Jstm dujstra fua` jra `a shtuafhöb.
Dhs p`abjs jrab rjorjsar a Waräs a lhb nj djs, y parthr jb iarfm
cafha Bujva Xmrk trjs sjdabas dás tarnj, pjrm tab prmbtm fmdm rjfhiä
j` hblmrdj
njsfuirä qujnjcaiha
`ms fmrrjnmrjs vm`vä aquj
ub iarfm ráphnm Waräs.
sa`äaJ`para
dhsdm näaXmrk
Bujva quj a```jouè
näa
shouhjbtj. @m tmdè.
Acä jstaia ym, nj vuj`ta jb Bujva Xmrk, fash ub djs abtjs nj `m
p`abjanm, pmrquj jra j` `uoar dás anjfuanm para jstar a fmrtm jb j`
djrfanm.
djrfan m. ^jbä
^jbäaa dás nj djnhm dh``öb jb djtá`hfm nhspmbhi`j para dároj
dároj
bjs. Dh rjorjs
rjorjsmm bm jra njihnm a quj jstaia jb uba shtuafhöb iaehsta, shbm a
quj jstaia pjbsabnm fmb `öohfa.
\jbnä dás va`mrjs. A djnhna quj j` nhbjrm ssjj luj cafhjb
cafhjbnm
nm dás
jsfasm, asfjbnhjrmb `as tasas nj nhbjrm a `a vhsta, y njsfjbnhjrmb `ms
prjfhms nj `ms va`mrjs. Xm `m caiäa prjvhstm. A` prhbfhphm dhs prjnhffhmbjs
dj ``jvaiab a `a quhjira. Wjrm acm
acmra
ra jstaia jb `m fhjrtm y prmspjrai
prms pjraia.
a. Vhb
jdiarom,
jdiaro m, j` vjr
vjrnanjrm
nanjrm p`afjr ranhfaia jb jj`` cjfcm nj sjr fmbsfhjbtj nj quj
fmdm mpjranmr jstaia, a` djbm
djbms, s, jb `a iujba phsta. ^mnaväa tjbäa dufc
dufcmm
quj aprjb
aprjbnjr
njr pjrm saiäa `m quj ttjbäa
jbäa quj cafjr. Bm cairäa dás trmphjz
trmphjzms,
ms,
bh dás dètmnms a djnhas. @a `jftura nj `a fhbta jra `m dás hdpmrtabtj
nj` eujom, asä fmdm fmdjbzar jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm, y aljrrart
aljrrartjj a tu
pmshfhöb. Wjrm dh daymr njsfuirhdhjbtm jra quj ub cmdirj njij jstunhar
`as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js, y f`ashl
f`ashlhfar`as,
hfar`as, para pmnjr abthfhpar `as prmia
ih`hnanjs. Jb pmfm thjdpm caiäa aprjbnhnm quj tjbäa quj traiaear pmr dh
nhbjrm. Xa bm naia om`pjs
om `pjs a fhjoas bh dj prjmfupaia
prjmfupa ia nj nmdhbar `a tèfbhfa

nj` eujo m, sh
eujom,
ub pjbsadhjbtm
pjbsad bm quj
hjbtm f`arhbtjbtai
hbtjbtaia
f`arm.
m. Njs a ``joar
Njsfui
fuirä a` èxhtm
rä tadihèb
tadihèb, a travès
, quj nj ub lujrtj
banhj jstaia hbdubjjstu
jstunhm
hbdu bj nhmj`y
abtj
pj`horm nj cafjr euoeuoana
anass tmbtas. X j` prjdhm a uba euoan euo anaa tmbta js

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 171

tadihèb tmbtm; pmrquj j` mlhfha` paoanmr jstá fmbfjbtranm jb su traiaem

y bubfa phjrnj j` smirj nj paom quj vhjbj nhrhohnm a tä.
Bujstra mlhfhba chzm ub dmbtöb nj nhbjrm. Dhs prmphas mpjrafhm
bjs tjbäab tabtm èxhtm, quj `a ojbtj fmdjbzö ca cai`ar nj j``as, y pmr
supujstm, a jxaojrar`as.
jxaojr ar`as. Vj dj atrhiuäa j` cjfcm nj hbhfhar `as
`as rupturas nj
varhms va`mrjs. @ms njsfmbmfhnms vjbäab a lj`hfhtardj. ^mnms pjbsaiab
quj `m dás daravh``msm jra j` nhbjrm quj caiäa cjfcm. Bm nhejrmb bh uba
pa`aira smirj `a prhdjra vjz quj `js cai`è jb tèrdhbms iaehstas y tmnms
j``ms pjbsarmb quj jra ub `mfm iaehsta, da`cudmranm pmr `as pèrnhnas y
vjboathvm. Bm sj nhem bana smirj dh prjnhffhöb nj `ms prmi`jdas
dmbjtarhms. Wara j``ms, j` cjfcm nj quj j` tjbjnmr nj `hirms nj dhs
fmrrjnmr
fmrrjnmrjs
js cuihjra fm`mfanm j` tjrfhm nj uba omta nj thbta jb j` j` `anm nj
`ms frènhtms nj` `hirm daymr, njiaem nj dh bmdirj, bmdirj , jra ub `morm
daravh```msm.
@msnjadhoms
apujstas sm`äab
`a mlhfhba njfhrdj Irmtcjrs,
nj Carnhbo quj jb nhvjrsas mlhfhbas,
ml hfhbas,
tjbäa lada j` fchfm
nj caijrfc hfm nj `asa
``jvanm
faim tmnm thpm nj adjbazas jb fmbtra nj `ms orupms a`fhstas quj caiäab
tratanm nj darfar `ms prjfhms nj nhvjrsms va`mrjs, dufcm
dufcm thjdpm njspuès nj
quj lujra mivhm quj j` djrfanm hia a njsfjbnjr a ub bhvj` dufcm dás
iaem.Hbf`usm cmy shoujb cai`abnm nj dhs cazañas.
cazañ as.
Njsnj `a õ`thda partj nj sjpthjdirj jb anj`abtj, j` djrfanm nj`
nhbjrm jstaia dabnabnm avhsms pmr djoálmbm a tmnm j` dubnm. Wjrm `a
frjjbfha jb `ms dh`aorms,
dh`ao rms, chzm quj a`ouba ojbtj sj aistuvhjra nj vjbnjr `m
quj `js qujnaia nj sus affhmbjs jspjfu`athvas. @a prhdjra sjdaba nj
mftuirj, ub fmrrjnmr
f mrrjnmr dj fmbtö uba chstmrha quj chzm quj fash dj avjromb
zara njYjfmrnará
dh dmnjrafhöb.
quj `ms prjstadms nj nhbjrm sj sm`äab cafjr jb j`
j` parquè
nj `a Im`sa a`rjnjnmr nj` Wmstj nj` nhbjrm. Aquj``ms fmrrjnmrjs quj
caiäab rjfhihnm mrnjb nj sus iabfms, nj paoar prjstadms a `a vhsta,
saiäab nj ub dmnm ojbjra`, fuabtm nhbjrm lrjsfm hiab a rjfhihr prjstanm.
Wmr supujstm, `ms iabfms fmbmfäab su pmshfhöb jb `m rj`afhmbanm fmb `ms
lmbnms nj jdprèsthtm, y aquj``ms quj tjbäab nhbjrm para prjstar `m
 jbvhaiab a `a Im`sa. Jstj nhbjrm nj` iabfm jstaia dabjeanm pmr ubms
fuabtms fmrrjnmrjs fuym prhbfhpa` bjomfhm jra j` prèstadm. Fjrfa nj`
djnhmnäa sj jbvhaia `a bujva tasa nj` näa. Ojbjra`djbtj, rjprjsjbtaia
uba djnha nj `ms prjstadms ``jvanms a faim casta jsj dmdjbtm. J`
bjomfhm jra uba rjo`a tradhtana a travès nj pueas y mljrtas , nj dabjra

179 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

quj tmnm j` dubnm suphjra `m quj jstaia mfurrhjbnm. Jbtrj j` djnhmnäa

y `as nms nj `a tarnj, ojbjra`djbtj, j` bjomfhm rj`afhmbanm fmb j` nhbjrm
bm jra duy orabnj, pjrm tras `a cmra nj jbtrjoa, nhoadms, 9 5 1: p.d., `ms
fmrrjnmrjs
jljfthvm nj`saiäab jxaftadjbtj,
näa, y pmnäab hra ya ,fua`
ihjbhia a sjr nj`
a` Wmstj `a nhbjrm
pmshfhöby prjstar
jb nhbjrm
`ms
ia`abfjs m tmdar prjstanm `m quj bjfjshtarab. Jstj bjomfhm sj cafäa
tadihèb aihjrtadjbtj.
Ihjb, a prhdjrms nj mftuirj, j` fmrrjnmr nj` quj jstaia cai`abnm,
sj afjrfm a dä, y dj nhem quj `ms fmrrjnmrjs bm hiab a` Wmstj nj` nhbjrm
fuabnm tjbäab nhbjrm para prjstar. @a razöb jra quj sj jbfmbtraiab a``ä
a` afjfcm, `ms dhjdirms nj a`oubas fmbmfhnas Fasas nj Fmdhshöb, prj
paranms para cafjrsj fmb fua`quhjr mljrta nj nhbjrm. Wmr supujstm,
bhboõb prjstadhsta quj mlrjfhjra su nhbjrm aihjrtadjbtj, pmnräa bjoarsj
a prjstar nhbjrm a jstas lhrdas.
lhrdas . Jrab sm`vjbtjs y `a sjourh
sjourhnan
nan fm`atjra`
sulhfhjbtjdjbtj iujba. Wjrm j` prmi`jda fmbshstäa jb quj uba vjz quj
jstas lhrdas tmdarab ub prèstadm a `a vhsta, bm caiäa pmshih`hnanjs nj
quj njvm`vhjrab j` nhbjrm a` prjstadhsta. Njfäab, shdp`jdjbtj, quj bm
pmnäab njvm`vjr`m y j` prjstadhsta tjbäa quj rjbmvar j` prèstadm a `a
lujrza. Wmr `m tabtm, fua`quhjr "Fasa" quj tuvhjra nhbjrm para prjstar a
sus dufcafcms, jbvharäa a sus cmdirjs a` parquè y bm a` pmstj, y j``ms
nhräab a` mhnm a `ms iujbms adhoms, "½Què ta` fhjb=" qujrhjbnm njfhr,
"Quhjrjs tmdar prjstanms fhjb dh` nö`arjs=" @ms fmrrjnmrjs nj nhbjrm nj
`ms iabfms anmptaiab j` dhsdm p`ab, jra tètrhfm misjrvar j` Wmstj nj
nhbjrm. ¡Hdaoäbatj!.
Dj nhem
nhem tadihèb, quj jb aquj``ms näas nj mftui
mftuirj,
rj, jb `a im`sa, jra
uba fujsthöb nj jthqujta y rjlhbadhjbtm j` cjfcm nj quj j` prjstatarhm
chfhjra su prmpha tasa nj hbtjrès. L`uftuaia jbtrj j` 177% y j` 1:7% a`
añm. Vupmbom quj pjrdhthjbnm quj j` prjstatarhm lheara `a tasa nj hbtjrès,
j` prjstadhsta bm sj sjbtäa tab usurjrm. Wjrm apujstm a quj è` fmbshouhö
tabtm fmdm tmnms `ms njdás. J` prjstadhsta, batura`djbtj, bm smñaia fmb
bm paoar uba a`ta tasa. Euoaia ihjb y paoaia fmdm `ms njdás. @m quj
bjfjshtaia jra j` nhbjrm y sj sjbtäa sathsljfcm nj fmbsjouhr`m.
@as fmsas sj pushjrmb fana vjz pjmr. Lhba`djbtj, ``joö j` näa jb
quj `ms a`fhstas, `ms mpthdhstas, `ms pjbsanmrjs y tmnas jsas vastas
cmrnas, quj tjdäab j` nm`mr nj uba pjqujña pèrnhna a` prhbfhphm,
tuvhjrmb quj afjptar `a pmshih`hnan nj uba adputafhöb tmta`, shb
abjstjsha. Zb näa quj bubfa m`vhnarè, j` 9> nj mftuirj nj 187?.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 176

@ms hblmrdjs dmstrarmb ráphnadjbtj quj `ms prjstatarhms tjbnräab
quj paoar fua`quhjr fabthnan quj `ms prjstadhstas quhshjrab pjnhr. Bm
caiäa sulhfhjbtj nhbjrm para lubfhmbar. Jsj näa, j` nhbjrm nj `a du`thtun
jra
nj `adufcm dásnjiäa
jbtrjoa, orabnj nj `ma`bmrda`.
caijr Jsj djnhmnäa,
djbms fhjb fmrrjnmrjsfuabnm ``joö
a`rjnjnmr nj``aWmstj
cmra
nj` nhbjrm, tmnms fmb `a jspjrabza nj fmbsjouhr j` prèstadm quj su lhrda
bjfjshtaia urojbtjdjbtj. Vhb nhbjrm, sj vjäab mi`hoanms a vjbnjr `as
affhmbjs quj ``jvaiab fmb darojb, vjbnjr`as a fua`quhjr prjfhm jb ub
djrfanm jb j` quj `ms fmdpranmrjs jrab tab jsfasms fmdm j` nhbjrm, y
eustm jbtmbfjs, fuab
fuabnm
nm bm caiäa bh ub sö`
sö`mm nö`
nö`ar
ar a `a vhsta.
Dh adhom jstaia tab a `a iaea fmdm ym. Wmr `m tabtm, `a lhrda bm
bjfjshtaia bhboõb prèstadm, pjrm dh adhom, j` fmrrjnmr nj` quj jstmy
cai`abnm, tras vjr `as faras nj fhrfubstabfhas quj caiäa a`rjnjnmr
a`rjnjnmr nj` Wmstj
nj` nhbjrm, sj nhrhohö a dä. È` saiäa quj ym jstaia duy a fmrtm jb tmnm j`
djrfanm.
Nhem, "¡Nhms däm, @arry! Bm sè quj va a pasar. Bubfa caiäa vhstm
bana houa`. Bm pujnm sjouhr. A`om va a pasar. Na `a hdprjshöb nj quj tmnm
tmnm
j` dubnm jsta njstrmzanm.
njstrmzanm . Bm sj pujnjb vjbnjr va`mrj
va`mrjs,
s, y bm cay aism`u
tadjbtj bhboõb nhbjrm.
"½Què quhjrjs njfhr=", prjoubtè.
Wjrm `m quj fmbtjstö luj, "½cas mhnm cai`ar a`ouba vjz nj` jxpj
rhdjbtm nj` ratöb quj ````jvab
jvab a faim `ms dufcafcms jb j` fm`johm=
Fmbshstj jb hbtrmnufhr ub ratöb njbtrm nj uba fadpaba nj frhsta` y fmb
uba imdia hr safabnm j` ahrj nj `a fadpaba. Wujnjs vjr a` pmirj ratöb
rjsphrar fana vjz
vjz dás ráphnm,eanj
ráphnm,eanjabnm
abnm fmdm ub lujluj``j
``j rmtm, tratabnm nj
fmbsjouhr ub pmfm nj` mxhojbm fana vjz dás jsfasm nj `a fadpaba. @j
vjs acmoarsj casta quj sj `j rjvhjbtab `ms mems, eanjabnm, duñèbnmsj.
¡Wujs ihjb, jsm js jb `m quj phjbsm fuabnm vjm a `a du`thtun a`rjnjnmr
nj` Wmstj nj nhbjrm! Aism`utadjbtj bana nj nhbjrm jb bhbouba partj, y
bm pujnjs `hquhnar va`mrjs pmrquj bm cay banhj quj `ms fmdprj. Vh dj
`m prjoubtas, tj nhrè quj frjm quj tmna `a Im`sa sj jbfujbtra qujirana jb
jstms dmdjbtms!"
 Dj chzm pjbsar. Caiäa vhstm quj sj avjfhbaia ub iujb om`pj, pjrm
andhtm, quj bm pjbsaia jb quj lujra
lujra j` pjmr pábhfm nj bujstra
bujs tra chstmrha. Vh
sjouäa dufcm dás `jems, pujnj quj ya bm lujr
lujraa ijbjlhfhmsm para banhj.
Lhba`djbtj,
Lhba`d jbtj, sj chzm mivhm quj bm sjrväa nj bana jspjrar nhbjrm nj`
Wmstj nj` nhbjrm. Bm caiäa bhboubm. Casta j` hblhjrbm jstaia
jstaia jb `as õ`
õ`thdas.
thdas.

17> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

J` prjshnjbtj nj `a Im`sa, Dr. Y. C. ^cmdas, sjoõb mä dás tarnj

jsj dhsdm näa, saihjbnm quj tmnas `as jdprjsas nj _a`` Vtrjjt sj jbfa
dhbaiab a` njsastrj, sa`hö jb iusfa nj smfmrrm. Vj pusm jb fmbtaftm fmb
Eadjs Vth``dab,
pmnjrmsm nj `ms prjshnjbtj nj` Bathmba`
Jstanms Zbhnms. Fhty nj
Wrjsudäab Iabk,
quj j``asiabfm
tasas dás rhfm y
nj hbtjrès
nj sus prèstadms bm jrab bubfa supjrhmrjs a` <%.
Vth``dab myö `m quj j` prjshnjbt nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk tjbäa
quj njfhr. Njspuès nhem, "Dr. ^cmdas, tjbnrjdms quj hr a vjr a Dmroab
y cai`ar nj jstm."
@ms nms cmdirjs tratabnm nj jvhtar `m quj sjräa j` pábhfm dás
njsastrmsmm nj bujstra chs
njsastrms chstmrha
tmrha lhbabfhjra, lujrmb
lujrmb eubt
eubtmsms a `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba nj E.W.
Dmroab & Fm. y vhjrmb a Dr. Dmroab. Dr. ^cmdas `j jxpusm j` fasm.
Fuabnm tjrdhbö nj cai`ar, Dr. Dmroab nhem, "\uj`va a `a Im`sa y näoa`js
quj tjbnrá
tjbnrább nhbjrm
nhb jrm."
."
"½Nöbnj="
"¡Jb`ms iabfms!"
^ab lujrtj
lujrtj jra `a lj quj tjbäab jb Dr. Dmroab jb aquj``ms thjdpms
tab fräthfms, quj ^cmdas bm jspjrm a mitjbjr dás njta``js, y sj nhrhohö
aprjsuranjdjbtjj a` parquè nj `a Im`sa para abubfhar j` hbnu`tm nj `a pjba
aprjsuranjdjbt
nj dujrtj nj tmnms `ms dhjdirms sjbtjbfhanms.
Njspuès, abtjs nj `as nms y djnha nj `a tarnj, E.W. Dmroab jbvhö a
Emcb ^. Attjriuy, nj \ab Jdiuroc
Jdiuroc & Attjriury, nj quhjb sj saiäa, quj tjbäa
uba rj`afhöb
rj`afhöb duy jstrjfca
jstrjfca fmb E.W. Dmroab & Fm.,
Fm ., a `a du`
du`thtun.
thtun. Dh adhom
nhem quj j` vhjem fmrrjnmr fadhbö ráphnadjbtj cafha j` Wmstj nj nhbjrm.
A`zö su dabm
prhbfhphm a` houa`
sj caiäa quj ub
fa`danm ubjxcmrtanmr
pmfm tras j`jb
jabubfhm
b ub dhthb.
nj` @a du`thtun,
nj` prjshnjbtj quj a`
^cmdas,
jstaia jdpjzabnm a tjdjr quj `ms p`abjs nj a`hvhm cuihjrab
cuihjrab ``joanm a da`
pujrtm y tmnaväa qujnara `m pjmr. Wjrm fuabnm vhjrmb `a fara nj Dr.
Attjriuryy y `j vhjrmb `jvabtar `a dabm, sj qujnarmb pjtrhlhfanms.
Attjriur
Jb j` prmlubnm
prmlubnm sh`jbfhm quj vhbm a fmbthbuafhöb,
fmbth buafhöb, Dr. Attjriury nhem,
"Jstmy autmrhzanm a prjstar nhjz dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs. ¡^ödjbsj`m fmb
fa`da! ¡Ca
¡Cairá
irá para tmnm j` dubnm
dubnm!".
!".
 Njspuès fmdjbzö. Jb vjz nj nar a fana prjstatarhm j` bmdirj nj`
prjstadhsta,
prjstadhs ta, jsfrhihö shdp`jdjbtj j` bmdirj nj` prjstat
prjstatarhm
arhm,, `a fabthnan a
`a quj sj j`jvaia j` prèstadm y `j nhem a` prjstatarhm, "Vj tj fmdubhfará
nmbnj jstá tu nhbjrm." Vj rjljräa a` bmdirj nj` iabfm nj` fua` rjfhihräa
j` nhbjrm dás anj`abtj.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpj
mpjranmr
ranmr nj affhmbjs 17:
Zb näa m nms dás tarnj, mä quj `m õbhfm quj caiäa cjfcm Dr.
Dmroab para fmbsjouhr
fmbsjou hr j` nhbjrm,
nhbj rm, luj
luj dabn
dabnar ar rjfanm a tmnms `ms
asustanms iabqujrms nj Bujva Xmrk nhfhjbnm quj njiäab prmpmrfhmbar
j` nhbjrm quj bjfjshtaia `a Im`sa.
"Wjrm bm tjbjdms. Jstadms acmoanms jb prjstadms,"prmtjstarmb."
"^jbèhs `as rjsjrvas, " fmbtjstö E.W.
"Wjrm jstadms ya pmr njiaem
njiaem nj` `ädhtj `joa`," irada
iradarmb.
rmb.
"¡Zth`äzjb`m, para jsm jstáb `as rjsjrvas!"X `ms iabfms mijnjfhj
rmb j hbvanhjrmb sus rjsjrvas
rjsjrv as casta ``joar a `a fabthnan nj vjhbtj dh``mbjs
nj nö`arjs . Jstm sa`vö a `a im`sa. J` pábhfm iabfarhm bm ``joö casta `a
sjdaba shouhjbtj. E.W. jra ub vjrnanjrm cmdirj, cay pmfms fmdm è`.
Nj tmnms `ms näas nj dh vhna fmdm mpjranmr nj affhmbjs, èstj js
j` quj rjfujrnm fmb dás vhvjza. Jsj näa dhs oababfhas jxfjnhjrmb ub
dh``öb nj nö`arjs. Darfö j` lhba` trhublabtj nj dh prhdjra fadpaña
mpjrathvaa p`abjana nj`hijranadjb
mpjrathv nj`hijranadjbtj. tj. Mfurrhö `m quj ym caiäa prjvh prjvhstm.
stm.
Wjrm `m djemr nj tmnm jra jstm5 caiäa fmbsjouhnm rja`hzar ubm nj `ms
sujñms das `mfms nj dh vhna. ¡Caiäa shnm rjy pmr ub näa!
@m jxp`hfarè,
jxp`hfarè , pmr supujstm.
supujstm . Njsp
Njspuès
uès nj jstar jb Bujva Xmrk nurabtj
ub par nj añms, jdpjfè a jstrueardj j` fjrjirm tratabnm nj njtjrdhbar
`a razöb pmr `a fua`,
fua` , bm pmnäa eu
euoar
oar jb `a Im`sa,
Im`s a, j` dhsdm eujoeu jomm a` quj
euoa
eu oaia
ia jb ``ms
ms iu
iufkj
fkjtt scm
s cmps
ps nj Im
Imststmb
mb fu
fuab
abnm
nm tjb
tjbäa
äa qu
quhb
hbfj
fj añms
añ ms.. Xm saiäa
sai äa
quj ub näa njsfuirhräa jb què jstaia jquhvmfanm
jquhvmfan m y njearäa nj jstar`m. Bm
tjbäa tab sm`m j` njsjm nj jstar jb `a shtuafhöb fmrrjfta, qujräa tadihèb
tjbjr `a sjourhnan nj jstar`m. X èsj hia a sjr dh orab pmnjr.
Wmr lavmr, bm dj da`hbtjrprjtj. Bm jra ub sujñm nj orabnjza
nj`hijranm, m ub
sjbthdhjbtm nj quj lõth` njsjm
j` vhjem bafhnm
djrfanm nj `a vabhnan.
nj va`mrjs Jra, njsfmbfjrtan
quj dj caiäa dás bfjrtanm
njsfm ihjb, j`m
tabtas vjfjs jb `a mlhfhba nj Lu``jrtmb y nj Carnhbo,fmdjräa ub näa nj dh
dabm. Vm`m saiäa quj jsj näa hia a ``joar. X asä luj, j` 9> nj mftuirj nj
187?.
Nhom jstm pmr `a shouhjbtj razöb5 Jsa dañaba ub fmrrjnmr quj caiäa
cjfcm dufcms bjomfhms para dhs fmrrjnmrjs y saiäa quj ym caiäa jstanm
apm stabnm
apmstab nm jb j` `anm iaehsta, sj nhrhohö
nhrho hö a `a fmdpañ
fmd pañha
ha nj ubm nj `ms
`ms
affhmbhstas nj ubm nj `ms iabfms nj `a Im`sa. Dh adhom `j fmbtö a`
iabqujrm quj ym caiäa jstanm mpjrabnm fmb dufca lujrza, pmrquj
fhjrtadjbtj, caiäa thranm nj `a sujrtj casta j` `ädhtj. ½Wjrm nj què shrvj
jstar jb `a shtuafhöb anjfuana shbm sj safa j` dáxhdm prmvjfcm nj j``m=

17< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Quhzás j` fmrrjnmr jxaojrö para cafjr quj `a chstmrha parjfhjra
hdpmrtabtj. Quhzás jstaia dás hbtjrjsanm nj `m quj parjfäa. Quhzás j`
iabqujrm saiäa djemr quj ym quj `a shtuafhöb jra duy fräthfa. Nj tmnms
dmnms dh adhom dj nhem5 " È` jsfufcaia fmb orab hbtjrès `m quj ym `j
fmbtaia afjrfa nj `m quj tõ caiäas nhfcm quj hia a cafjr j` djrfanm
fuabnm `a vjbta rja` fmdjbzara, njspuès nj ubm m nms jdpuembjs.
Fuabnm tjrdhbè nj cai`ar, dj nhem quj quhzás dj naräa a`om quj cafjr
dás tarnj jsj dhsdm näa."
Fuabnm `as fasas nj fmdhshöb njsfuirhjrmb quj bm sj pmnäa fmb
sjouhr ub fèbthdm a bhboõb prjfhm, supj quj caiäa ``joanm j` dmdjbtm.
Fm`mquè
Fm`mq uè varhms fmrrjnmrjs jbtrj `m `mss nhvjrsms orupms. Jb uba mfashöb, bm
cuim bh uba sm`a puea para Zbhmb Wafhlhf. ¡A bhboõb prjfhm! ¡Hdaoäba
tj`m!! X ffmb
tj`m mb `ms njdás va`mrjs mfurräa `m dhsdm. Bm caiäa bbhh nhbjrm para
dabtjbjr bh banhj para fmdprar.
^jbäa ub jbmrdj ijbèlhfm jb papj` y `a fjrtjza nj quj tmnm `m quj
tjbäa quj cafjr para ap`astar `ms prjfhms tmnaväa dás, jra jbvhar örnjbjs
nj vjbta nj nhjz dh` affhmbjs nj Zbhmb Wafhlhf y djnha nmfjba nj
a`oubms mtrms va`mrjs fmb a`tms nhvhnjbnms, y `m quj vjbnräa a fmbthbua
fhöb sjräa j` hblhjrbm. Dj naia `a hdprjshöb nj quj j` pábhfm quj sj
prmnufhräa sjräa nj ta` hbtjbshnan, quj j` omihjrbm afmbsjea
afmbsjearäa
räa jj`` fhjrrj
nj `a Im`sa, ta` y fmdm mfurrhö jb j` djs nj aomstm nj 181>, fuabnm
jsta``ö `a oujrra dubnha`.
Jstm shobhlhfar
shobhlhfaräa
äa ub orab hbfrjdjbtm jb `ms ijbjlhfhms jb papj`.^adihèb
papj`.^adihèb
pmnräa shobhlhfar
shobhlhfar `a hbfapafhnan
hbfapafhnan nj fmbvjrthr jsms ijbjlhfhms jb jljfthvm.
Wjrm caiäa mtras fmsas a fmbshnjrar,
fmbshnjr ar, y uba nj j``as jra quj uba ruptura daymr
rjtrasaräa `a rjfupjrafhöb quj ym jstaia jdpjzabnm a hdaohbar, `a
djemra pmstjrhmr fmdpjbsaräa jsa pèrnhna nj saborj.
Njfhnä quj ya quj jra duy pmfm
pmfm hbtj`hojbtj y p`afjbtjrm fmbthbuar
afthvadjbtj jb j` `anm iaehsta, jra iastabtj h`öohfm quj shouhjra a fmrtm.
Wmr `m tabtm fmdjbfè a fmdprar.
Wmfm njspuès nj quj dhs fmrrjnmrjs fmdjbzarab a fmdprar, y nhfcm
sja nj pasm, nj quj fmbshouhjrab prjfhms nj suj`m, j` iabqujrm dabnö
 ``adar a dh adhom.
"@j cj ``adanm", nhem,"
nhem ," pmrquj quhjrm quj sj nhrhea hbdjnhatjdjb-
tj a su adhom @hvhbostmb y `j nhoa quj jspjrm quj bm vjbna dás affhmbjs
cmy.
fmsas,J`sjräa
djrfanm
uba bm pujnj
tarja duysmpmrtar
nhläfh` tabta prjshöb.
njsvhar ^a` y tab
ub pábhfm fmdm jstáb `as
njvastanmr.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 17?

Ata nm a` patrhmthsdm nj su adhom. Èstj js ubm nj jsms fasms, jb `ms quj
ub cmdirj thjbj quj traiaear pmr j` ijbjlhfhm nj tmnms. Fmdubäqujdj
jbsjouhna su rjspujsta.

VupmbomDhqujadhom vhbm hbdjnhatadjbtj

è` pjbsaia, quj caihjbnmyp`abjanm
dj `m fmbtö.
fmbt ö. ^uvmj`dufcm
ap`astar djrfanm,taftm.
ym
hia a fmbshnjrar su pjthfhöb fmdm j` jquhva`jbtj a thrar pmr `a vjbtaba `a
mpmrtubhnan nj oabar nhjz dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs. J` saiäa quj ym jstaia
rjsjbthnm fmb a`oubms nj `ms pjfjs omrnms pmr j` dmnm jb quj caiäab
aftuanm, tratabnm nj fmdprmdjtjr a` põi`hfm fmb ub dmbtöb nj va`mrjs,
fuabnm saiäab tab ihjb fmdm ym `m quj sj avjfhbaia.
Nj cjfcm,`ms orabnjs cmdirjs jrab orabnjs sulrhnmrjs
sulrhnmrjs y dufcms
dufcms nj
`ms va`mrjs quj fmdprè jb j` suj`m, jstaiab a bmdirj nj ladmsas lhrdas
lhbabfhjras. Jb aquj` dmdjbtm bm `m saiäa, pjrm bm hdpmrtaia. Wráfthfa
djbtj, caiäa fuihjrtm tmnms dhs va`mrjs y dj parjfäa quj jra uba iujba
mpmrtubhnan
mpmrtubhn an para fmdprar va`mrjs iaratms y ayunar a` dhsdm thjdpm, a `a
rjfupjrafhöb quj bjfjshtaiab `ms prjfhms,
prjfh ms, sh js quj banhj iatäa a` djrfanm.
Wmr `m tabtm `j nhej a dh adhom, "\j y nh a Dr. I`abk quj jstmy nj
afujrnm fmb
fmb j``ms y quj luh
luh p`jbadjbtj fmbsfhjbtj
fmb sfhjbtj nj `a oravjnan nj `a
shtuafhöbb hbf`usm abtjs nj quj è` tj ``adara. X bm sm`m bm vmy a fmdprar dás
shtuafhö
affhmbjs cmy, shbm quj vmy a fmdprar tmnas `as quj pujna". X dabtuvj dh
pa`aira. Fmdprè fhjb dh` affhmbjs jsj näa, a `arom p`azm. X bm vm`vä a
vjbnjr mtra affhöb a fmrtm nurabtj bujvj djsjs.
Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj nhej a dhs
dhs adhoms quj dh sujñm sj caiäa
cjfcm rja`hnan y quj caiäa shnm rjy pmr ub dmdjbtm. Fhjrtadjbtj, j`
djrfanm jb ub njtjrdhbanm dmdjbtm nj` näa, jstuvm a djrfjn nj fua`quhjfu a`quhj
ra quj cuihjra qujrhnm om`pjar`m. Bm tjbom nj`hrhms nj orabnjza; nj cjfcm
ya saij fmdm dj shjbtm a` sjr afusanm nj atafar a` djrfanm y fuabnm vjm
quj sj jxaojrab dhs mpjrafhmbjs jb j` djrfanm.
Va`ä jb iujba lmrda. @ms pjrhönhfms nhejrmb quj @arry @hvhbostmb,
j` fchfm nj `a apujstas, caiäa cjfcm varhms dh``mbjs. Ihjb, tjbäa dás nj
ub dh``öb tras j` fhjrrj nj jsj näa. Wjrm dhs daymrjs oababfhas bm sj
fmbtaiab
fmbtaiab jb nö`arjs, jrab hbtabohi`js5 Caiäa jstanm
jstanm jb `m fmrrjftm, caiäa
dhranm cafha anj`abtj y caiäa sjouhnm ub p`ab f`aradjbtj darfanm.
Caiäa aprjbnhnm `m quj sj njij cafjr para oabar dufcm nhbjrm; jstaia
lujra nj `a f`asj apmstanmra nj dmnm pjrdabjbtj; a` djbms caiäa
aprjbnhnm a mpjrar hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj, a `m orabnj. Jra ub näa jspjfha`
para dä.
 S
J`
qujrjfmbmfhdhjbtm nj dhs prmphms
j` jstunhm nj bujstrms jrrmrjs
èxhtms. Wjrm jb bm njijräa
tmnms ijbjlhfharbms
`ms cmdirjs, jxhstjdás,
uba
fhjrta tjbnjbfha a jvhtar j` fasthom. Fuabnm asmfhas njtjrdhbanms jrrmrjs
fmb uba pa`hza, bm jspjras a `a sjoubna nmshs, y, pmr supujstm, tmnms `ms
jrrmrjs fmdjthnms jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs tj chjrjb jb nms pubtms
nèih`js,, j` im`sh``m y `a vabhnan. Wjrm tj nhrè a`om furhmsm5 Zb jspjfu`anmr
nèih`js jspjf u`anmr
nj affhmbjs, a`oubas vjfjs fmdjtj jrrmrjs y saij quj `ms jstá fmdjthjb
nm. X njspuès nj cafjr`m sj prjoubtará a sä dhsdm pmr què `ms fmdjthö;
y njspuès nj pjbsar jb j``m fmb saborj llräa, räa, ub thjdpm
thjdpm njspuès nj quj
tjrdhbara j` fasthom, pujnj quj aprjbna què, fuabnm, y jb quj pubtm
njtjrdhbanm nj `a mpjrafhöb `m fmdjthö;pjrm bm pmr què. Njspuès,
shdp`jdjbtj, sj atrhiuyj a sh dhsdm ubms fuabtms fa`hlhfathvms, y `m njea
pasar.
Wmr supujstm, sh ub cmdirj js saihm y almrtubanm, bm fmdjtjrá nms
vjfjs j` dhsdm jrrmr. Wjrm fmdjtjrá ubm nj nhjz dh` jrrmrjs cjrdabms
m prhdms nj` mrhohba`. @a ladh`ha Jrrmr, js tab orabnj quj shjdprj cay
a`oubm a`rjnjnmr fuabnm jstas njfhnhjbnm `m quj vas a cafjr jb `a `äbja
nj eujom.
 Wara rj`atar j` prhdjr jrrmr quj fmdjtä, jb rj`afhöb fmb dh dh``öb
nj nö`arjs,
nö`arjs , tjbnrè quj vm`vjr a` dmdjbtm jb qquj uj dj
dj fmbvjrtä jb
dh``mbarhm pmr prhdjra vjz, eustm njspuès nj `a orab ruptura nj mftmirj
nj 187?. ^a` y fmdm hia dh mpjrafhöb, tjbjr ub dh``öb shobhlhfaia,
djradjbtj, dás rjsjrvas. J` nhbjrm bm na a` mpjranmr dás fmdmnhnan,

178

117 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

pmrquj rhfm m pmirj, pujnj fmdjtjr jrrmrjs, y bubfa js aoranai`j jstar
jquhvmfanm. X fuabnm ub dh``mbarhm thjbj razöb, su nhbjrm js sö`m ubm
nj sus dás lhj`js sjrvhnmrjs. Wjrnjr nhbjrm js j` dás äblhdm nj dhs
prmi`jdas. Zba pèrnhna bubfa dj prjmfupa. @a m`vhnm nurabtj `a
bmfcj. Wjrm jstar jquhvmfanm, aubquj bm dj p prmnuzfa
rmnuzfa pèrnhnas, cafj
nañm a` im`sh``m y a` a`da. Yjfujrn
Yjfujrnmm `a chstmra nj Nhfksmb O. _atts
afjrfa nj` cmdirj quj
quj jstaia tab bjrvhmsm quj ub adhom `j prjoub
prjoubtö
tö què
`j pasaia.
"Bm pujnm nmrdhr", rjspmbnhö j` bjrvhmsm.
"½Wmr què bm=", prjoubtö j` adhom.
"Jstmy
"Jst my dabtjbhjbnm tabtm a`omnöb quj bm pujnm nmrdhr pjbsabnm
jb j``m. Dj jstá njstrmzabnm. ½Què pujnm cafjr="
"\jbnj casta quj pujnas nmrdhr," rjspmbnhö j` adhom.
Wmr rjo`a ojbjra`, j` cmdirj sj anapta a `as fmbnhfhmbjs tab
ráphnadjbtj quj phjrnj `a pjrspjfthva. Bm js duy fmbsfhjbtj nj `a
nhljrjbfha, m sja, bm rjfujrna fmb dufca vhvjza födm sj sjbtäa fuabnm
bm jra dh``mbarhm. Vö`m rjfujrna quj caiäa fmsas quj abtjs bm pmnäa
cafjr y acmra sä. Bm cafj la`ta dufcm thjdpm para quj ub cmdirj razm
bai`jdjbtj emvjb y bmrda`, sj afmstudirj a njear nj sjr pmirj. Vj
rjquhjrj dufcm dás thjdpm para m`vhnar quj uba vjz sj luj rhfm.
Vupmbom quj js pmrquj j` nhbjrm frja bjfjshnanjs, m hdpu`sa su
du`thp`hfafh
du`thp `hfafhöb.
öb. Quhjrm njfhr quj njspuès quj ub cmdirj cafj nhbjr
nhbjrm,
m,
jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, phjrnj ráphnadjbtj `a fmstudirj nj bm oastar.
Wjrm njspuès nj pjrnjr j` nhbjrm, bjfjshta dufcm nhbjrm para pjrnjr `a
fmstudirj nj oastar.
^ras pmbjrdj a `arom jb mftuirj nj 187?, njfhnä tmdardj ub
rjsphrm. Fmdprè ub yatj y p`abjè cafjr ub frufjrm casta j` sur. Dj
jbfabta pjsfar y parjfäa quj èsta hia a sjr `a mfashöb nj dh vhna. Jstaia
njsjabnm quj ``joara j` dmdjbtm y jspjraia hr fua`quhjr näa. Wjrm bm `m
chfj. J` djrfanm bm dj `m pjrdhthö.
Vhjdprj cj mpjranm fmb djrfabfäas tab ihjb fmdm fmb affhmbjs.
Fmdjbfè fuabnm jra duy emvjb jb `ms iufkjt scmps. Jstunhè aquj``ms
djrfanms nurabtj añms, aubquj quhzás bm tab ashnuadjbtj fmdm j`
djrfanm nj va`mrjs. Nj cjfcm, prjlhjrm `as djrfabfäas a `as affhmbjs.
y bhbouba nuna smirj su `johthdhnan. Wara mpjrar fmb djrfabfäas
Bm cala`ta,
cafj jb partj, dás jspärhtu fmdjrfha`. Zb cmdirj pujnj jblmfar
fmdm pujna ub prmi`jda djrfabth`. Wujnj sjr pmshi`j uth`hzar aroudjb-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 111

tms lhfthfhms a lavmr, m jb fmbtra, nj uba njtjrdhbana tjbnjbfha; pjrm j`
èxhtm sjrá sö`m tjdpmra`, pmrquj a` lhba`, j` cjfcm prjva`jfj, nj dabjra
quj j` mpjranmr fmbshouj nhvhnjbnms a travès nj` jstunhm y `a misjrva
fhöb, ta` y fmdm sj cafj jb fua`quhjr bjomfhm bmrda`. Wujnj vhoh`ar,
smpjsar `as fmbnhfhmbjs y saijr afjrfa nj j``m tabtm fmdm fua`quhjra. Bm
bjfjshta prmtjojrsj fmbtra `as "pabnh``as" nj` hbtjrhmr. @ms nhvhnjbnms bm
suijb bh njsfhjbnjb nj lmrd
lmrdaa hbjspjra
hbjspjrana
na nurabtj `a bmfcj jb j` djrfanm
nj` a`omnmb,m nj` trhom,m nj` daäz. A `arom p`azm, `ms prjfhms nj `as
djrfabfäas jstáb omijrbanms pmr uba sm`a `jy, `a `jy jfmbödhfa nj `a
mljrta y `a njdabna. J` traiaem nj` mpjranmr nj djrfabfäas fmbshstj, jb
mitjbjr `ms natms smirj `a njdabna y `a mljrta prjsjbtj y lutura. Bm
bjfjshta cafjr anhvhbabzas smirj uba nmfjba nj fmsas, fmdm mfurrj jb
j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. Vhjdprj dj ca atraänm mpjrar fmb djrfabfäas.
Wmr supujstm, jb tmnms `ms djrfanms jspjfu`athvms mfurrjb `as
dhsdas fmsas.
fua`quhjra quj J`
sj djbsaej nj `a fhbta
tmdj `a dm`jstha nj js j` dhsdm.ubJsm
rjl`jxhmbar js mivhm
pmfm. para
Vh sj cafj
prjoubtas y fmbshnjra `as fmbnhfhmbjs, sj nará fujbta nj quj `as prjoub
tas sj rjspmbnjb pmr sä sm`as. Wjrm `a ojbtj bubfa sj dm`jsta jb cafjrsj
prjoubtas, y dufcm djbms jb iusfar `as rjspujstas. J` adjrhfabm djnhm
js nj Dhssmurh jb tmnms `ms `uoarjs y tmnm dmdjbtm, jxfjptm fuabnm va
a `as mlhfhbas nj fmrrjtaej y dhra a `a fhbta, sh smb va`mrjs m djrfabfäas.
J` vjrnanjrm eujom jbtrj tmnms `ms eujoms quj, vjrnanjradjbtj, rjquhjrj
rjquhjrj
ub jstunhm, abtjs nj cafjr ub p`ab, js jb j` quj sj hbtrmnufj shb sus
usua`js nunas prj`hdhbarjs y nj prjfaufhöb tab a`tadjbtj hbtj`hojbtjs.
Arrhjsoará `a dh
dhtan
tan n
njj su lmrtuba jb j` djrfanm nj va`
va`mrjs
mrjs fmb djbms
rjl`jxhöb nj `a quj njnhfa a `a sj`jffhöb nj ub autmdövh` nj prjfhm
djnhm.
Jstj asubtm nj `a `jftura nj `a fhbta bm js tab fmdp`hfanm fmdm
parjfj. Wmr supujstm sj bjfjshta jxpjrhjbfha. Wjrm js hbf`usm dás
hdpmrtabtj tjbjr jb fujbta fhjrtms lubnadjbtms. @jjr `a fhbta bm js fmdm
cafjr quj tj `jab `a dabm. @a fhbta bm tj nhfj jb quj shtuafhöb jstarás j`
pröxhdm eujvjs a `a 156: p.d. J` miejthvm nj `a `jftura nj `a fhbta js
 njsfuirhr prhdjrm, födm, y njspuès fuábnm sj va a mpjrar, m sja, sh js
dás hbtj`hojbtj fmdprar m vjbnjr. Lubfhmba jxaftadjbtj houa` fmb `ms
va`mrjs quj fmb j` a`omnöb, j` trhom, m j` daäz.
Vj misjrva j` djrfanm, m sja, j` fursm nj `ms prjfhms rjohstranms
pmr `a fhbta, fmb ub miejthvm5 njtjrdhbar `a nhrjffhöb, m sja, `a tjbnjbfha

119 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nj prjfhms. @ms prjfhms, fmdm ya saijdms, sj dmvjráb cafha arrhia m
cafha aiaem, sjoõb `a rjshstjbfha quj jbfujbtrjb. Caráb `m quj `js sja
dás láfh`, pmr `m tabtm suihráb sh cay djbms rjshstjbfha
rjsh stjbfha para j` avabfj quj
para j` njsfjbsm; y vhfjvjrsa
Banhj sj njijräa asmdirar abtj ub djrfanm a`fhsta m iaehsta, uba
vjz quj ca fmdjbzanm. @a tjbnjbfha js jvhnjbtj para ub cmdirj quj
thjbj uba djbtj aihjrta y uba vhshöb razmbai`jdjbtj f`ara, pmrquj bubfa
js duy hbtj`hojbtj quj ub jspjfu`anmr anjfuè sus cjfcms a sus tjmräas.
J` mpjranmr quj aftuè asä, sairá, m njijrá saijr, sh j` djrfanm js a`fhsta
m iaehsta, y sh saij jstm, saij tadihèb sh njij fmdprar m vjbnjr. Wmr `m
tabtm, j` cmdirj bjfjshta saijr sh va a fmdprar m vjbnjr jb j` dhsdm
dmdjbtm jb quj sj prmnufj j` dmvhdhjbtm.
Nhoadms, pmr jejdp`m, quj j` djrfanm, ta` y fmdm cafj jb `ms
pjrhmnms
nj quj trabsfurrjb
nhjz pubtms; jbtrjcasta
cafha arrhia `as msfh`afhmbjs,
167 y cafhal`uftõa
aiaemnjbtrm
casta nj uba
ubaWujnj
197. oada
parjfjr duy nèih` jb j` suj`m;m pujnj parjfjr tjrrhi`jdjbtj lujrtj tras
ub asfjbsm nj mfcm m nhjz pubtms
p ubtms.. Zb cmdirj bm njij njearsj ``jvar pmpm`
`ms hbnhfhms para mpjrar. Njijräa jspjrar
jspjrar casta
casta quj `a fhbta `j nhejra quj
j` dmdjbtm js j` anjfuanm. Nj cjfcm , sj cab pjrnhnm dh``mbjs y
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs a dabms nj cmdirjs quj fmdprarmb affhmbjs
pmrquj parjfäab iaratas m `as vjbnhjrmb pmrquj parjfäab dás faras. J`
jspjfu`anmr bm js ub hbvjrshmbhsta. Vu miejthvm
miejth vm bm js asjourar j` rjorjsm
sjourm nj su nhbjrm a uba iujba tasa nj hbtjrès, shbm ijbjlhfharsj nj`
asfjbsm m njsfjbsm
njsfjbsm nj` prjfhm nj` va`mr
va`mr fmb
fmb j` quj
quj jstè jspjfu`abnm.
Wmr `m tabtm, `m quj sj njij njtjrdhbar js `a `äbja jspjfu`athva nj djbmr
rjshstjbfha jb j` dmdjbtm nj `a mpjrafhöb; y `m quj j` mpjranmr njijräa
jspjrar js j` dmdjbtm jb j` quj sj njlhba jsa `äbja, pmrquj jsa js `a
sjña` para pmbjr dabms a `a mira.
@a `jftura nj `a fhbta `j fapafhta djradjbtj, para vjr quj jb 167
`a vjbta caiäa shnm dás lujrtj quj `a fmdpra, y quj jstm vhbm sjouhnm nj
`a `öohfa rjaffhöb jb j` prjfhm. Jb j` pubtm jb j` quj `a vjbta prjva`jfj
pmr jbfhda nj `a fmdpra, aquj``ms quj ``jvab a faim ub jstunhm
supjrlhfha` nj `a fhbta, pujnjb ``joar a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj j` prjfhm bm
sj va a njtjbjr jb 1:7, y pmr `m tabtm, fmdprab. Wjrm njspuès nj quj `a
rjaffhöb fmdhjbza
pmbjb a fmrtm a dabtjbjrsj,
y jdphjzab `hquhnab
a cai`ar fmb uba
jb tèrdhbms pjqujña
iaehstas. pèrnhna
Wjrm jb 197m sj
`a
rjshstjbfha cafha j` njsfjbsm js dás lujrtj. @a fmdpra prjva`jfj pmr

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjr
mpjranmr
anmr nj affhmbjs 116
jbfhda nj `a vjbta, sj prmnufj uba rjfupjrafhöb y sj fuirjb `ms fmrtms.
J` põi`hfm sj `hquhna tab a djbunm, quj dj daravh``m abtj su jdpjñm jb
bm aprjbnjr `a `jffhöb.

a`fhsta Wjrm jbtmbfjs,

m iaehsta surojnja`om
y j` pubtm quj rjshstjbfha
daymr hbfrjdjbtasjj`dujvj
pmnjrcafha
nj `aarrhia
lujrzam
cafhaa aiaem, m sja, `a fmdpra
cafh fmd pra jb 167 sjrá, pmr prhdj
prhdjra
ra vjz, dás lujrtj quj
`a vjbta, m `a vjbta jb
jb 197 sjrá, pmr prhd
prhdjra
jra vjz, dás lujrtj quj `a fmdpra.
J` prjf
prjfhm
hm sj airhrá fadhbm a travès nj `a vhjea iarrjra m `ädhtj nj
dmvhdhjbtm y fmbthbuará. Fmdm bmrda, cay shjdprj ub orab bõdjrm nj
mpjranmrjs a fmrtm jb 197, pmrquj tjbäa ub aspjftm duy nèih`, m a `arom
jb 167 pmrq
pmrquj
uj parjf
parjfäaäa duy lujrtj, y , fua
fuabnm
bnm j` djr
djrfan
fanmm va jb fmbtr
fmbtraa
nj j``ms,sj vjb lmrzanms a fadihar nj njfhshöb y ohrar m `hquhnar. Jb
fua`quhjra nj `ms fasms, ayunab a njlhbhr, tmnaväa dás f`aradjbtj, `a
`äbja nj prjfhm nj djbmr rjshstjbfha.

J` mpjranmr
njtjrdhbar hbtj`ho
hbtj`hojbtj,
jsta `äbja, jbtj, aquj
rjfurrhrá ca jspjranm
`a ayuna pafhj
pafhjbtjdjb
btjdjbtj
nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs tj para
mpjrathvas
lubnadjbta`js y nj `a lujrza nj `a mpjrafhöb nj jsa partj nj `a fmdubhnan
quj chzm uba j`jffhöb jquhvmfana y njij rjfthlhfar acmra sus jrrmrjs.
Jstas fmrrjffhmbjs thjbnjb a jdpuear `ms prjfhms a `m `arom nj `a `äbja nj
djbmr rjshstjbfha.
X acmra njim njfhr quj, au aubquj
bquj bm `m fmbshn
fmbshnjrm
jrm uba fjrtjza da
tjdáthfa, m fmdm ub axhmda nj jspjfu
jspjfu`afhöb
`afhöb,, dh jxpjrhjbfha
jxpjrhj bfha ca shnm quj
`ms affhnjbtjs, m sja, `m hbjspjranm m hdprjvhstm, dj cab ayunanm
shjdprj jb dh pmshfhöb jb j` djrfanm,
djrfa nm, sh
shjdprj
jdprj quj dh pmshfhöb sj iasai
iasaiaa
jb `a njtjrdhbafhöb nj `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha. ½Yjfujrna j`
jphsmnhm nj Zbhmb Wafhlhf jb Varatmoa= Wujs ihjb, jstaia a `arom pmrquj
njsfuirä quj `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha jstaia cafha arrhia. Njijräa
caijr pjrdabjfhnm a `arom jb vjz nj njear quj dh fmrrjnmr dj nhejra quj
`ms nj njbtrm jstaiab vjbnhjbnm affhmbjs. Bm darfaia bhbouba nhljrjb
fha `m quj caiäa jb jsms dmdjbtms jb `a djbtj nj` nhrjftmr. Jsm jra a`om
quj ym bm pmnäa saijr. Wjrm sä pmnäa saijr `m quj njfäa `a fhbta5
"¡Vuihjbnm!". X njspuès vhbm `a hbjspjrana suihna nj `a tasa nj nhvhnjb
nms y j` asfjbsm nj `a affhöb jb trjhbta pubtms. Jb 1<> `ms prjfhms
 parjfäab iastabtj a`tms, pjrm ta` y fmdm nhej abtjs, `as affhmbjs bm jstáb
bubfa njdashanm a`tas para fmdprar bh njdashanm iaeas para vjbnjr.
J` prjfhm, bm thjbj bana quj vjr fmb j` jstai`jfhdhjbtm nj dh `äbja nj
djbmr rjshstjbfha.

11> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Fmb `a práfthfa vjrá quj sh mpjra nj` dmnm quj cj hbnhfanm,

fua`quhjr bmthfha hdpmrtabtj quj surea jbtrj j` fhjrrj nj ub djrfanm y `a
apjrtura nj mtrm jstá jb ardmbäa fmb `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha. @a
tjbnjbfha sj ca jstai`jfhnm abtjs nj quj sj pui`hfarab `as bmthfhas, y jb
`ms djrfanms a` a`za sj hobmrab `as bmthfhas iaehstas y sj jxaojrab `as
a`fhstas, y vhfjvjrsa. Abtjs nj quj jxp`mtara `a oujrra, j` djrf
djrfanm
anm sj
jbfmbtraia jb ubas fmbnhfhmbjs duy nèih`js. Njspuès vhbm `a prmf`ada
fhöb nj `a pm`äthfa suidarhba a`jdaba. Jstaia a fmrtm fmb fhjbtm
fhbfujbta dh` affhmbjs nj ub va`mr, bm pmrquj suphjra quj hiab a ``joar
jsas bmthfhas, shbm pmrquj dj jstaia ouhabnm pmr `a `äbja nj djbmr
rjshstjbfha. @m quj mfurrhö jstaia tab f`arm fmdm j` fhj`m azu`. Wmr
supujstm, tmdè vjbtaea nj dh shtuafhöb y fuirä `ms fmrtms jsj näa.
Vujba duy láfh` njfhr quj tmnm `m quj cay quj cafjr js vhoh`ar `a
fhbta, jstai`jfjr
`arom nj `a `äbja`msnjpubtms
djbmrnjrjshstjbfha
rjshstjbfhataby prjpararsj
prmbtm fmdmparaèsta
mpjrar a `m
sj caya
njtjrdhbanm. Wjrm jb `a práfthfa cay quj jstar jb ouarnha abtj dufcas
fmsas, y smirj tmnm abtj ubm dhsdm, m sja, abtj `a batura`jza cudaba. Jsa
js `a razöb pmr `a fua` alhrdm, quj ub cmdirj quj jstá jb `m fmrrjftm, thjbj
shjdprj nms lujrzas a su lavmr, `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas y `ms cmdirjs
quj jstáb jquhvmfanms. Jb ub djrfanm a` a`za, `ms laftmrjs iaehstas smb
hobmranms. Asä js `a batura`jza cudaba, y a pjsar nj j``m `ms sjrjs
cudabms sj asmdirab nj j``m. @a ojbtj tj nhrá quj j` trhom ca iaeanm
pmrquj ca caihnm da` thjdpm jb uba m nms rjohmb
rjohmbjsjs y `ms orabejrms sj
cab arruhbanm. Fuabn
Fuabnmm sj rjõbj tmnm j` orabm y `ms orabejrms nj tmnas `as
rjohmbjs jb `as quj frjfj j` trhom fmdhjbzab a pmbjr sus orabms jb j`
asfjbsmr,
asfjbsm r, `ms a`fhstas sj smrprjbnjb nj `a pmfa jxtjbsh
jxtjbshöb
öb nj` nañm
nañm..
Njsfuirjb quj `m õbhfm quj cab cjfcm ca shnm ayunar a `ms iaehstas.
Fuabnm ub cmdirj cafj su eujom jb ub djrfanm nj djrfabfäas,
bm njij pjrdhthrsj a sh dhsdm jstai`jfjr mphbhmbjs. Njij tjbjr `a djbtj
aihjrta y l`jxhih`hnan. Bm js duy hbtj`hojbtj hobmrar j` djbsaej
djbsaej nj `a
fhbta, bm hdpmrta fua` pujna sjr tu mphbhöb smirj `as fmbnhfhmbjs nj`
orabm m `as faraftjrästhfas nj `a njdabna. Yjfujrnm acmra quj pjrnä uba
orab euoan
euoanaa pmr tratar nj abthf
abthfhpard
hpardjj a `a sjña` nj fmdhj
fmdhjbzm
bzm.. Dj sjbtä

tab sjourm`a nj
njlhbhjra `as nj
`äbja fmbnhfhmbjs quj bm frjä
djbmr rjshstjbfha. bjfjsarhm
Hbf`usm jspjrar
pjbsè quj a quj
pmnäa sj
ayunar
j` quj ``joara, pmrquj naia `a hdprjshöb nj quj bjfjshtaia ub pmfm nj
ayuna.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 11:

Jstaia duy a` a`za jb j` a`omnöb. Jstaia a`rjnjnmr nj `ms nmfj
fjbtavms, fmrrhjbnm cafha arrhia y cafha aiaem njbtrm nj uba oada
iastabtj dmnjrana. X `m punj vjr jb ubm nj jsms `uoarjs nj "jbtrj
djnh m". Vaiäa quj njiäa jspjrar. Wjrm sj dj mfurrhö quj sh naia ub
djnhm".
pjqujñm jdpueöb, hräa dás a``á nj` pubtm nj rjshstjbfha supjrhmr.
Fmdprè fhbfujbta y fhbfm dh` larnms. Njsnj `ujom, sj dmvhö
cafha arrhia. X pmr supuj
supujstm,
stm, tab prmb
prmbtm
tm fmdm parè nj fmdprar, njeö nj
suihr. Njspuès fmdjbzö a jstai`jfjrsj jb j` `uoar jb quj jstaia y
fmdjbfè a fmdprar`m. Va`ä y fmdjbzö a iaear. Wjbsaia quj jstaia
dufcm
duf cm dás fjrf
fjrfaa nj `a sjña` nj fmdhjb
fmd hjbzmzm y pjbsè vm`vj
vm`vjrr a jdpj
jdpjzar
zar nj
bujvm.. @m chfj. \m`vhö a sufjnjr `m dhsdm.
bujvm dhsd m. @m suiä, sö`m para vjr`m iae
iaear
ar
fuabnm ym dj njtuvhjra. Chfj jstm fuatrm m fhbfm vjfjs casta quj a` lhba`
`m njeè ``jbm nj raiha. Dj fmstö fjrfa nj nmsfhjbtms dh` nö`arjs. Jstaia
afaianm.
afaia nm. Bm pasö dufcm
du fcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj jdpjzara a suihr y bm parö
casta a`fabzar ub prjfhm quj cuihjra shobhlhfanm uba tjrrhi`j oababfha
para dh, sh ym bm cuihjra tjbhnm tabta prhsa pmr jdpjzar.
Jsta jxpjrhjbfha
jxpjrhjb fha js tadihèb `a jxpjrhjbfha
jxpjrhjb fha nj mtrms dufcms mpjra
nmrjs y sj ca prmnufhnm
prmn ufhnm jb tabtas mfashmbjs,
mfas hmbjs, quj frjm quj pujnm nar jsta
rjo`a5 Jb ub djrfanm jstrjfcm, jb j` quj `ms prjfhms bm vab a bhbouba
partj, shbm quj sj dujvjb njbtrm nj uba oada jstrjfca, bm thjbj bhboõb
sjbthnm tratar nj abthfhpar jb quj sjbthnm sj va a prmnufhr j` shouhjbtj
orab dmvhdhjbtm; cafha arrhia m cafha aiaem. @m quj sj njij cafjr js
misjrvar j` djrfanm, `jjr `a fhbta para njtjrdhbar `ms `ädhtjs nj `ms
prjfhms quj bm vab a bhboõb `anm, y cafjrsj a `a hnja nj quj bm sj va a
tmdar bhboõb thpm nj hbtjrès casta quj `ms prjfhms bm rmdpab `ms `ädhtjs
jb a`oõb sjbthnm. Zb jspjfu`anmr njij prjmfuparsj nj oabar nhbjrm jb
j` djrfanm, y bm hbshsthr jb j` cjfcm nj quj `a fhbta jstè nj afujrnm fmb
è`. Bubfa nhsfutas fmb j``a bh `j phnas razmbjs m jxp`hf
jxp`hfafhmbs
afhmbs.. @ms pmst-
dmrtjbs nj` djrfanm nj va`mrjs bm paoab nhvhnjbnms.
Bm cafj dufcm thjdpm jstaia jb uba lhjsta fmb ubms adhoms.
Jdpjzarmb a cai`ar nj` trhom. A`oubms jstaiab a` a`za y mtrms a `a iaea.
Lhba`djbtj
Lhba `djbtj dj prjoubtarmb dh mphbhöb. Ihjb, caiäa jstunhanm j` djrfanm
 nurabtj a`oõb thjdpm.
thjdp m. Vaiäa
V aiäa quj bm qujräab bhboõb
bhboõ b thpm nj jstanästh
jstanästhfa
fa bh
abá`hshs nj fmbnhfhm
fmbn hfhmbjs.
bjs. Wmr `m tabtm nhej5 "Vh
"Vh qujrèhs fmbsjouhr
fmbsjo uhr nhbjrm
nhbjr m fmb
j` trhom, pujnm njfhrms fmdm cafjr`m."
cafjr`m. "
^mnms nhejrmb quj sä, y `js nhej, "Vh jstáhs sjourms nj quj qujrèhs
cafjr nhbjrm fmb j` trhom, `m quj tjbèhs quj cafjr js misjrvar`m.
misjrvar `m. Jspj
Jspjrar.
rar.

11< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Fmdpran`m fuabnm frufj pmr 1,97$ , y cairèhs cjfcm ub iujb eujom."

"½X pmr què bm fmdprar`m acmra, jb 1,1>$=" prjoubtö ubm nj `ms
nj `a lhjsta.
"Wmrquj tmnaväa
"Jbtmbfjs, ½pmr bm
quèsjfmdprar`m
sh va a suihr
jb m1,97$=,
bm". parjfj ub prjfhm ub
pmfm a`tm. "
"½Njsjas apmstar a fhjoas fmb `a jspjrabza nj mitjbjr uba orab
oababfha m njsjas jspjfu`ar hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj
hbtj`hojb tjdjbtj y mitjbjr ub ijbjlhfhm
ijbjlhfhm dás
pjqujñm pjrm
pjrm dás prmiai`j="
prmiai`j= "
^mnms nhejrmb quj prjljräab j` ijbjlhfhm dás pjqujñm y dás
prmiai`j, pmr `m tabtm nhej, "Jbtmbfjs cafjn `m quj ms cj nhfcm. Vh fruza
1,97$, fmdpran."
Fmdm ya nhej, `m caiäa misjrvanm nurabtj dufcm thjdpm. Nurabtj
djsjs
`anm jb`asfmbfrjtm.
vjbtas jstuvhjrmb
Wujs ihjb,jbtrj 1,17$
ub näa y 1,97$,
fjrrö shb nhrhohrsj
pmr jbfhda a bhboõb
nj 1,18$. Dj
prjparè. Jstaia sjourm nj quj a` näa shouhjbtj airhräa pmr jbfhda nj
1,97:$, y fmdprè. Vj jdpjzö a dmvjr cafha 1,91$, cafha 1,99$, cafha
1,96$, cafha 1,9:$ y ym sjouä j` dhsdm fadhbm.
Jb aquj` dmdjbtm bm cuihjra pmnhnm njfhrtj `m quj jstaia pasab
nm. Bm mituvj bhbouba jxp`hfafhöb smirj su fmdpmrtadhjbtm nurabtj j`
fursm nj `as l`uftuafhmbjs `hdhtanas. Bm pmnräa caijr nhfcm sh `a ruptura
nj` `ädhtj sjräa cafha arrhia a travès nj 1,97$ m cafha aiaem a travès nj
1,17$, aubquj tjbäa `a smspjfca nj quj sjräa cafha arrhia, pmrquj bm
caiäa sulhfhjbtj mrm jb j` dubnm
dubn m para quj sj prmnuejra uba ruptura jb `ms
prjfhms.
Nj cjfcm, parjfäa quj Jurmpa caiäa jstanm fmdprabnm shb njfhr
bana, y dufcms mpjranmrjs caiäab hnm a fmrtm a`rjnjnmr nj 1,18$.
Njihnm a `as fmdpras jurmpjas y a mtras dufcas fausas sj safö dufcm
trhom nj` djrfanm, asä quj,
q uj, a` lhba`, nhm fmdhjbzm j` orab dmvhdhjbtm. J`
prjfhm luj dás a``á nj `a darfa nj 1,97$. Jsm jra tmnm `m quj ym tjbäa y
tmnm `m quj bjfjshtaia. Vaiäa quj fuabnm fruzara j` pubtm 1,97$ sjräa
pmrquj j` dmvhdhjbtm cafha arrhia cairäa rjubhnm lujrzas para jdpuear
`m pmr jbfhda nj` `ädhtj y a`om hia a sufjnjr. Jb mtras pa`air
p a`airas,
as, fruzabnm,
fruzabnm,,,
`a `äbja 1,97 nj djbmr rjshstjbfha nj `ms prjfhms nj` trhom fuabnm sj
jstai`jfhjrab. Jbtmbfjs jra uba chstmrha nhljrjbtj.
@m quj cj nhfcm `j pujnj nar `a hnja jsjbfha` nj dh shstjda
mpjrathvm iasanm jb j` jstunhm nj `a fhbta. Vhdp`jdjbtj aprjbnä a vjr `a

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 11?

nhrjffhöb quj sjouhräab `ms prjfhms fmb dás prmiaih`hnan. Hbspjffhmbè
dh prmpha mpjrafhöb fmb tjsts anhfhmba`js, para njtjrdhbar j` dmdjbtm
pshfm`öohfm. Caom jstm, misjrvabnm j` dmnm nj aftuar nj` prjfhm
njspuès nj fmdjbzar.
Js smrprjbnjbtj j` bõdjrm nj mpjranmrjs jxpjrhdjbtanms, quj
dj dhrab fmb hbfrjnu`hnan fuabnm `js nhom quj fuabnm fmdprm va`mrjs
jb ub asfjbsm dj ousta paoar `ms prjfhms dás a`tms y fuabnm `ms vjbnm,
`ms vjbnm a` prjfhm dás iaem, m shbm, bm `ms vjbnm. Bm sjräa tab nhläfh`
cafjr nhbjrm sh j` mpjranmr
mpjran mr sj aljrra ra shjdprj a sus fmbvhffhmbjs, m sja,
sh jspjrara a quj sj njlhbhjra `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha y fmdjbzara
a fmdprar sö`m fuabnm `a `äbja nhejra arrhia m vjbnjr sö`m fuabnm `a `äbja
nhejra aiaem. Njijräa afudu`ar `a `äbja jb j` asfjbsm. Vupmboadms quj
fmdpraa ub quhbtm nj `a `äbja fmdp`jta. Vh jsm bm `j dujstra uba oababfha,
fmdpr
bm njij hbfrjdjbtar sus pjrtjbjbfhas pmrquj js mivhm quj jstá jquhvm
fanm; jstá jquhvmfanm nj lmrda tjdpmra` y bm cay bhboõb ijbjlhfhm jb
jstar jquhvmfanm nj dmnm pjrdabjbtj. @a dhsda fhbta quj nhem AYYH
IA bm dhbthö pmr j` djrm cjfcm nj quj acmra nhoa ^MNA\ÄA BM.
^uvj orab èxhtm nurabtj dufcm thjdpm jb dhs mpjrafhmbjs fmb
a`omnöb. ^jbäa dh prmpha tjmräa a` rjspjftm y dj aljrrè a j``a. Ihjb,
supmboadms quj cuihjra njfhnhnm quj dh `äbja sjräa nj fuarjbta dh` a
fhbfujbta dh`. Ihjb, jstunharäa `a fhbta, ta` y fmdm nhej, jspjrabnm `a
mpmrtubhnan nj fmdprar m vjbnjr. ^ras `a fmdpra, sh j` djrfanm suihjra
nhjz pubtms smirj dh prjfhm hbhfha` nj fmdpra, fmdpraräa mtras nhjz dh`. Nj`
dhsdm dmnm, sh punhjra mitjbjr vjhbtj pubtms nj oababfha, m ub nö`ar
pmr affhöb, fmdpraräa vjhbtj dh` dás. Jsm dj naräa uba `äbja, `a iasj nj
dh mpjrafhöb. Wjrm sh njspuès nj fmdprar `as prhdjras nhjz m vjhbtj dh`
affhmbjs,, dj dmstraráb uba pèrnhn
affhmbjs pèrnhna,
a, sa`nräa. Jstaia jquh
jquhvmfan
vmfanm.
m. Wujnj quj
sm`m jstuvhjra tjdpmra`djbtj jquhvmfanm. Wjrm fmdm nhej abtjs, bm js
ijbjlhfhmsm jdpjzar da` jb bhboõb shthm. @m quj fmbsjouä aljrrabnmdj
a dh shstjda js quj shjdprj
shjd prj tjbäa uba `äbja nj a`omnöb jb fana dmdjbtm
rja`. Nurabtj j` prmfjsm nj afudu`afhöb nj dh `äbja fmdp`jta pmnäa
oastar fhbfujbta m sjsjbta dh` nö`arjs jb jstms eujoms nj
tabtjadhjbtm.Warjfj
tabtjadhjbtm .Warjfj ub jxadjb ub pmfm farm, pjrm bm `m js. Njspuès nj
 quj fmdjbzara j` dmvhdhjbtm rja`, ½fuábtm thjdpm tarnaräa jb fmbsjouhr
`ms fhbfujbta dh` nö`arjs quj caiäa njeanm fajr para asjourardj nj quj
caiäa fmdjbzanm a faroar jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm= ¡ Duy pmfm thjdpm!
Vhjdprj js ijbjlhfhmsm jstar jb `m fhjrtm jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm.

113 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Fmdm frjm caijr nhfcm ya fmb abtjrhmrhnan, jstm njsfrhij `m quj

ym njbmdhbm dh shstjda nj jdp`azar dhs apujstas. Js shdp`j arhtdèthfa
para prmiar quj js a`om hbtj`hojbtj caijr cjfcm uba orab apujsta sö`m
fuabnm sj oaba y, fuabnm sj phjrnj, pjrnjr tab sö`m uba pjqujña apujsta
nj jxp`mrafhöb. Vh ub cmdirj mpjra nj` dmnm quj cj njsfrhtm, abtjrhmr
djbtj, jstará shjdprj jb `a ijbjlhfhmsa pmshfhöb nj safar parthnm nj `a
apujsta.
@ms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js cab tjbhnm shjdprj a`oõb shstjda
iasanm jb su jxpjrhjbfha y dabhpu`anm pmr su afthtun cafha `a jspjfu`a
fhöb m pmr su njsjm.
njsj m. Yjfujrnm quj fmbmfä a ub abfhabm faia``jrm jb Wa`d
Ijafc fuym bmdirj bm faptè m bm hnjbthlhq
hnjbthlhquè
uè nj hbdjnha
hbdjnhatm.
tm. Vaiäa quj
``jvaia dufcms añms jb _a`` Vtrjjt, ya njsnj `ms thjdpms nj `a oujrra
fhvh`, y a`ouhjb dj nhem quj jra duy saihm y quj caiäa pasanm pmr tabtms
"Iubs"yay bana
caiäa tabtmsbujvm
pábhf
pábhfms,
ms,
iaemquj
j` shjdprj jstaia djbms
sm`, y dufcm nhfhjbnmjbquj para è`, bm
`m rjljrjbtj a`
djrfanm nj va`mrjs.
J` abfhabm dj chzm ub dmbtöb nj prjoubtas. Fuabnm `j cai`è
smirj dh práfthfa mpjrathva, ashbthö fmb `a faijza
faijza y nhem,
nhe m,"" ¡Vä!, 'Vä! ^hjbjs
razöb. J` dmnm jb j` quj jstás lmrdanm, j` dmnm jb j` quj lubfhmba tu
djbtj, cafj quj tu shstjda sja iujbm para tä. Wara tä js láfh` pmbjr jb
práfthfa `m quj prjnhfas, pmrquj j` nhbjrm quj apujstas js `m quj djbms
tj hdpmrta. Yjfujrnm a Wat Cjarbj. ½Cas mhnm a`ouba vjz cai`ar nj è`=
Wujs ihjb, jra ub fmbmfhnm njpmrthsta y tjbäa uba fujbta fmb bmsmtrms.
Zb dufcafcm hbtj`hojbtj y fmb bjrvhm. Chzm nhbjrm fmb `as affhmbjs, y
jstm chzm quj `a ojbtj `j phnhjra fmbsjems. È` bubfa naia bhboubm
bhboubm.. Vh nj
prmbtm `j prjoubtaiab su mphbhöb smirj j` hbojbhm nj sus mpjrafhmbjs, è`
shjdprj rjspmbnäa fmb su dáxhda lavmrhta5 "Bm "Bm sj pujnj saijr casta quj
sj apujsta." Mpjraia jb bujstra mlhfhba. Fmdpraia fhjb affhmbjs nj ub
va`mr afthvm, y fuabnm suiäa jb ub ubm pmr fhjbtm, fmdpraia mtras fhjb.
Vä vm`väa a suihr mtrm pubtm, vm`väa a fmdprar mtras fhjb; y asä sufjshva
djbtj. Afmstudiraia a njfhr quj bm jstaia euoabnm a jstj eujom para
cafjr nhbjrm para `ms njdás y, pmr `m tabtm, pmbäa uba mrnjb nj stmp nj
pèrnhna ub pubtm pmr njiaem nj` prjfhm nj su õ`thda fmdpra. Fuabnm j`
prjfhm sjouäa suihjbnm, è` shdp`jdjbtj dmväa su stmp fmb j` prjfhm. Jb
uba rjaffhöb
bhboõb nj`aubm
sjbthnm pmr dás
pjrnjr fhjbtm,
nj sj
ubcairäa
pubtm,njtjbhnm
njtjbhnm.
tabtm sh. Njfäa qujsubmdarojb
vjbäa nj `j vjäa
mrhohba` fmdm nj sus ijbjlhfhms jb papj`.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

118
" Zb euoanmr
euo anmr prmljshmba
prmljshmba`` bm iusfa orabnjs oababfhas a `arom, shbm
nhbjrm sjourm. Wmr supujsm, `ms orabnjs ijbjlhfhms, a `arom, smb iujbms
fuabnm surojb. Jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, Wat bm jstaia iusfabnm
fmbsjems, prmbösthfms m avabfjs nj vjhbtj pubtms sjdaba`js, shbm nhbjrm
sjourm jb fabthnan sulhfhjbtj fmdm para prmpmrfhmbar`j
prmpmrfhmbar `j ub iujb bhvj` nj
vhna. Nj tmnms `ms jxtrabejrms quj cj jbfmbtranm jb _a`` Vtrjjt, Wat
Cjarbj jra j` õbhfm quj vjäa jb `a jspjfu`afhöb ub shdp`j eujom nj azar,
fmdm j` larm m `a ru`jta, y quj, shb jdiarom, tjbäa j` sjbthnm fmdõb nj
aljrrarsj a ub dètmnm nj apujstas rj`athvadjbtj sjourm.
"^ras `a dujrtj nj Cjarbj, ubm nj bujstrms f`hjbtjs, quj shjdprj
caiäa mpjranm fmb Wat
Wat y uth`
uth`hzaia
hzaia su shstjda, chzm dás nj fhjb dh` nö`arjs
jb @afkawabba. Njspuès sj pasm a a`oõb mtrm va`mr, y fmdm caiäa mitjbhnm
ub orab ijbjlhfhm, pjbsö quj ya bm bjfjshtaia sjouhr j` dètmnm nj Wat.
@`joö uba rjaffhöb, y jb vjz nj nhsdhbuhr sus pèrnhnas, `as njeö fmrrjr,
fmdm sh lujrab oababfhas. Wmr supujstm, pjrnhö casta j` õ`thdm fèbthdm.
Fuabnm lhba`djbtj sj rjthrö, bms njiäa varhms dh`js nj nö`arjs.
"Jstuvm pmr a``ä nurabtj nms m trjs añms. Dabtuvm `a lhjirj casta
dufcm thjdpm njspuès nj caijrsj qujnanm shb nhbjrm; pjrm bmsmtrms bm
`j pmbäadms bhbouba miejffhöb, fmb ta` nj quj sj fmdpmrtara. Yjfujrnm
quj andhthö quj caiäa shnm dufcm dás quj tmbtm, pmr bm sjouhr j` jsth`m
nj eujom nj Wat Cjarbj. Wujs ihjb, ub näa sj nhrhohö a dä fmb orab
jxfhtafhöb, y dj phnhö quj `j njeara vjbnjr a`oubms va`mrjs a fmrtm jb
bujstra mlhfhba. Jra ub dufcafcm aoranai`j, quj caiäa shnm ub iujb
f`hjbtj jb sus thjdpms y `j nhej quj ym pjrsmba`djbtj oarabthzaia su
fujbta pmr fhjb affhmbjs.
"\jbnhö fhjb
fhjb affhmbjs nj @akj Vc
Vcmrj.
mrj. Jsm lu
luèè fuabnm jb j` thjdpm
jb quj Ih`` ^ravjrs om`pjö j` djrfanm, jb 13?:. Dh adhom Ymijrts safö
aquj` @akj Vcmrj jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm y shouhö vjbnhèbnm`m nurabtj
tmnm j` njsfjbsm; ta` y fmdm sufjnhö jb `ms näas nj èxhtms abtjs nj njear
nj `anm j` shstjda nj Wat Cjarbj y cafjr fasm nj `as durdurafhmbjs.
"Wujs ihjb, jb fuabtm a` èxhtm jb `a phradhnafhöb, `a fujbta nj
Ymijrts dmströ ub ijbjlhfhm nj quhbfj dh` nö`arjs. Misjrvabnm quj bm
caiäa pujstm uba mrnjb
mrnjb nj stmp nj pèrnhna, `j cai`è nj j``m
j``m,, y dj fmbtjstö
quj `a ruptura bm caiäa fmdjbzanm fmdp`jtadjbtj, y quj bm hia a sa`hr
pjreunhfanm pmr bhbouba rjaffhöb nj ub pubtm. Jstm jra jb aomstm. Abtjs
nj djnhanms nj sjpthjdirj `j prjstè nhjz nö`arjs para fmdprar ub
fmfcjfhtm nj bhñm, su fuartm chem. Bm sj aljrrö a su shstjda. Jsj js j`

197 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

prmi`jda fmb `a daymräa" y j` abfhabm, dhrábnmdj, ashbthö fmb `a
faijza.
X tjbäa razöb. A`oubas vjfjs phjbsm quj `a jspjfu`afhöb njij sjr
ub bjomfhm
fmbtra nj suhbbatura`, pmrquj misjrvm
prmpha batura`jza. quj j`
@a njih`hna
njih`hnan jspjfu`anmr
n js lata djnhm `ufca
lata`` para a`fabzar j` jb
j` èxhtm
jb `a jspjfu`afhöb, ojbjra`djbtj sj trata nj `as dhsdas njih`hnanjs quj
`j cafjb
cafjb dá
dáss qujrh
qujrhnm
nm jb mtrms aspjftms nj `a vhna, jb `ms quj j` rhjso
rhjsomm bm
js tab orabnj fmdm jb `ms va`mrjs m jb `as djrfabfäas.
J` daymr jbjdhom nj` jspjfu`anmr js j` aiurrhdhjbtm hbtjrhmr. @a
jspjrabza y j` dhjnm smb hbsjparai`js nj `a batura`jza cudaba . Jb `a
jspjfu`afhöb, fuabnm j` djrfanm va jb tu fmbtra, fana näa thjbjs `a
jspjrabza nj quj
quj jsj näa sja jj`` õ`th
õ`thdm,
dm, y bm phjrnas dás nj `m qquj
uj cairäas
pjrnhnm sh bm cuihjras jsfufcanm
jsfufc anm a `a jspjrabza, fmb j` dhsdm a`hanm quj

a vjfjs caX prmnufhnm

phmbjrms. orabnjs èxhtms
fuabnm j` djrfanm para
va jb tu `ms orabnjs
nhrjffhöb, thjbjsfmbstruftmrjs
dhjnm nj qujy
j` näa shouhjbtj sj ``jvj tmnas tus oababfhas, y sa`js, njdashanm prmbtm.
J` dhjnm cafj quj bm fmbshoas cafjr jb j` djrfanm ttmnm
mnm j` nhbjrm quj
njijräas. J` mpjranmr nj èxhtm, thjbj quj `ufcar jb fmbtra nj jstms nms
hbsthbtms tab arrahoanms. ^hjbj quj hbvjrthr `m quj sj pujnjb njbmdhbar
sus hdpu`sms
hdpu`sms batura`js.
batura` js. Njij tjbjr jspjrabza jb vjz nj dhjnm, y dhjnm
jb vjz nj jspjrabza. Njij tjdjr quj ssus us pèrnhnas sj fmbvhjrtab jb
pèrnhnas dás orabnjs tmnaväa, y njij tjbjr `a jspjrabza nj quj sus
ijbjlhfhms frjzfab. Js aism`utadjbtj jrröbjm aftuar fmb `ms va`mrjs,
nj` dmnm jb quj `m cafj j` cmdirj djnhm.
Jstmy jb j` eujom jspjfu`athvm
jspjfu`at hvm njsnj quj tj
tjbäa
bäa fatmrfj añms. Js tmnm
`m quj cj cjfcm. Frjm quj sè nj `m quj jstmy cai`abnm. X `a fmbf`ushöb
a `a quj cj ``joanm, tras fash trjhbta añms nj ffmbstabtjs
mbstabtjs mpjrafhmbjs,
mpjr afhmbjs, ta
tabtm
btm
fmb dárojbjs pjqujñms fmdm fmb dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs a dhs jspa`nas,
js jsta5 Zb cmdirj pujnj vjbfjr a ub va`mr m a ub orupm njtjrdhbanm
jb ub dmdjbtm njtjrdhbanm ¡pjrm banhj pujnj vjbfjr a` djrfanm nj
va`mrjs!
va`m rjs! Zb cmdirj pujnj ca cafjr
fjr nhbjrm fmb j` ora
orabm
bm m jj`` a`omnöb, pjrm
banhj pujnj vjbfjr a` djrfanm nj` orabm m a` djrfanm nj` a`omnöb. Zb
cmdirj pujnj oabar uba farrjra nj faia``ms, pjrm banhj pujnj oabar a
`as farrjras nj faia``ms.
Vh suphjra födm cafjr dás lujrtjs jstas alhrdafhmbjs, m nar`js
dás èblashs, `m caräa. Bm hdpmrta `m quj banhj pujna njfhr jb fmbtra. Xm
sè quj tjbom razöb fuabnm caom jstas alhrdafhmbjs.

SH
X acmra vmy a vm`vjr a mftuirj nj 187?. Fmdprè ub yatj j chfj tmnms `ms
prjpar
prjparathvm
athvms
Dj fchl`a s parayparthr
pjsfar nj Bujva
jsta vjz, Xmrk cafha
para a`jorha ubdh
nj tmnm frufjrm
sjr, hiajbaaouas
pjsfarnj` sur.
njsnj
dh prmphm yatj, j hia a hr a fua`quhjr `uoar quj njsjara jb j` j` dmdjbtm jb
j` quj `m njsjara. ^mnm jstaia prjparanm. Caiäa mitjbhnm ub orab
ijbjlhfhm
ijbjlhfhm jb `ms va`mrjs, pjrm jb j` õ`thdm dmdjbtm j` daäz dj fmbtuvm.
Njim jxp`hfar quj, abtjs nj` pábhfm quj dj nhm dh prhdjr dh``öb,
caiäa jstanm mpjrabnm fmb j` orabm jb Fchfaom. Jstaia a fmrtm pmr nhjz
dh``mbjs nj iuscj`s nj trhom y nhjz dh``mbjs nj iuscj`s nj daäz. Caiäa
jstunhanm `ms djrfanms nj` orabm nurabtj dufcm thjdpm,
thjdp m, y jstaia tatabb a `a
iaea fmb j` trhom y j` daäz fmdm `m caiäa jstanm fmb `ms va`mrjs.va`m rjs.
Wujs ihjb, adims jdpjzarmb a njsfjbnjr, pjrm dhjbtras j` trhom
njsfjbnäa,
Vtrattmb, sjj`jdpjñö
dás orabnj nj tmnms
jb mitjbjr ubms`msorabnjs
mpjranmrjs nj Fchfaom,
ijbjlhfhms. ym `m ``adm
^ras `hquhnar tmnms
`ms va`mrjs, y prjparardj para hr a` sur jb dh yatj, dj jbfmbtrè quj j`
trhom dj caiäa nanm ubms ijbjlhfhms fmbshnjrai`js, pjrm jb j` daäz,
Vtrattmb caiäa suihnm
suihnm `ms prjfhms y ym jstaia tjbtjbhjbnm
hjbnm pèrnhnas.
Xm saiäa quj `a fabthnan nj daäz quj caiäa jb j` paäs, jra duy
supjrhmrr a `a quj hbnhfaia j` prjf
supjrhm prjfhm.
hm. @a `j
`jyy nj `a mljrt
mljrtaa y `a njdabna shjdprj
 lubfhmba. Wjrm `a njdabna vjbäa jb su tmta`hnan nj Vtrattmb y `a mljrta
mljrta bm
bm
vjbäa jb
jb aism`utm, pmrquj sj caiäa prmnufhnm uba aou
aouna
na fmbojsthöb jb j`
dmvhdhjbtm nj` daäz. Yjfujrnm quj ym sm`äa rmoar quj sj prmnuejra uba
ráphna cj`ana quj fmboj`ara `as farrjtjras j hbfapafhtara a `ms orabejrms
para ``jvar su daäz a` djrfanm. Wjrm bm tuvj tabta sujrtj.

191

199 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Acä jstaia, jspjrabnm para fmdjbzar a nhslrutar nj` vhaej quj
caiäa p`abjanm fmb tabta h`ushöb, y fmb jsa pèrnhna jb j` daäz. Bm dj
pmnäa hr sh j` djrfanm jstaia jb jsj jstanm. Wmr supujstm, Vtrattmb tjbäa
duy fmdm
ihjb jb fujbta su
suss hbtjrjs
è`. Wjrm hbtjrjsjs
fmdm yajs acjfmrtm
fmrtm.. Vaiä
nhfcm, Vaiäaa quj
tjbäa dj tjbäa, nj
`a jspjrabza y ym
quj`mj`saiäa tab
thjdpm
atdmslèrhfm dj ayunara. Wjrfhihjbnm quj bh j` thjdpm bh bhboõb mtrm
djnhm dh`aormsm jstaia prjstabnm atjbfh atjbfhöb
öb a dhs bbjfjshnanjs,
jfjshnanjs, dj pusj
a jstunhar `a lmrda nj sa`hr nj` aprhjtm pmr dhs prmphms djnhms.
Fjrrè dh `äbja nj trhom fmb ub iujb ijbjlhfhm. Wjrm j` prmi`jda
fmb j` da
daäzäz jra hblh
hblhbbhtad
tadjbtj
jbtj dás nhlä
nhläfh`.
fh`. Vh punhjr
punhjraa caijr fuihjrtm dhs
nhjz dh``mbjs nj iuscj`s a `ms prjfhms hdpjrabtjs, `m cairäa cjfcm a`
hbstabtj, pmr `aroa quj cuihjra
cuihjra shnm `a pèrnhna. Wjrm, pmr supujstm, jb j`
dhsdm dmdjbtm jb quj jdpjzara a fmdprar, Vtrattmb dj jstruearäa. X
tjbäa `as dhsdas
dh prmpha bavaea.oabas nj suihr j` prjfhm quj nj fmrtardj j` fuj``m fmb
J` daäz jstaia lujrtj, pjrm jra tmnaväa dás lujrtj
lujrtj dh njsjm nj hrdj
a pjsfar, pmr `m tabtm, njpj
njpjbnjb
bnjbnäa
näa nj dä j` jbfmb
jbfmbtrar
trar uba sa`h
sa`hna
na ráphna.
ráphna.
Njiäa ``jvar a faim uba rjthrana jstratèohfa. Njiäa vm`vjr a fmdprar `ms
nhjz dh``mbjs nj iuscj`s y, tras jstm, dabtjbjr dhs pèrnhnas `m dás iaeas
pmshi`js.
Mfurrhö tadihèb
tadihèb quj, pmr aquj` jbtmbfjs, Vtrattmb jstaia ``jvabnm
a faim mpjrafhmbjs fmb avjba, y jstaia sjourm nj oabar j` eujom. Xm
caiäa sjouhnm `a phsta nj tmnms `ms djrfanms nj` orabm, jb `m rj`afhmbanm
fmb `as bmthfhas
hbtjrjsjs Ardmur,
Ardmur,y `as
bm durdurafhmbjs, y caiäa
jrab duy prmphfhm
prmphfhms, mhnm qujjb`mstèrdhbms
s, cai`abnm pmnjrmsms
nj
djrfanm, para Vtrattmb. Wmr supujstm, ym saiäa quj Vtrattmb bm dj
pjrdhthräa mitjbjr j` daäz quj bjfjshtaia , jxfjptm a` prjfhm quj è`
darfara, pjrm fuabnm mä `ms rudmrjs afjrfa nj Ardmur jb fmbtra nj
Vtrattmb, sj dj mfurrhö quj pmnäa rjfurrhr a `ms mpjranmrjs nj Fchfaom
jb iusfa nj ayuna. Vm`m dj pmnäab ayunar vjbnhèbnmdj j` daäz quj
Vtrattmb bm dj vjbnjräa. J` rjstm jra láfh`.
 Wrhdjrm, nh örnjbjs para fmd
fmdprar
prar quhbhjbtm
quhbhjbtmss dh` iuscj`s nj daäz,
pmr njiae
njiaemm nj ub mftavm nj fèbthdm
fèbthdm.. ^ras jst
jstm,
m, nh örnjbjs, jb `as fuatrm
fasas, nj vjbnjr, shdu`tábjadjbtj,
sh du`tábjadjbtj, fhbfujbta dh`
dh` iuscj`s nj avjba jb j`
djrfanm. Jsm, pjbsè, prmnufhrá uba ráp
ráphna
hna ruptura
ruptura jb `a avjba. Vaihjbnm
Vaihjbnm
födm lubfhmba `a djbtj nj `ms mpjranmrjs, jra mivhm quj pjbsaräab,
hbstabtábjadjbtj, quj Ardmur hia a pmr Vtrattmb. @öohfadjbtj, vhjbnm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 196

j` ataquj aihjrtm jb `a avjba, ``joaräab a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj `a pröxhda
ruptura sj prmnufhräa jb j` daäz y fmdjbzaräab a vjbnjr`m. Vh rjvjbtaia
jsa jsquhba nj daäz, `ms ijbjlhfhms sjräab laiu`msms.
Dhs fmbmfhdhjbtms
aism`utadjbtj nj pshfm`moäa
f mrrjftms.. Fuabnm
fmrrjftms vhjrmbnjquj
vhjrmb `ms`ampjranmrjs nj Fchfaom
avjba sj rmdpäa, jrab
sj `abza
rmb a vjbnjr daäz fmb ub orab jbtushasdm. Wunj fmdprar sjhs dh``mbjs
nj iuscjhs nj daäz jb `ms pröxhdms nhjz dhbutms. Fuabn Fuabnmm vh quj caiäab
fjsanm sus vjbtas nj daäz, fmdprè `ms mtrms fuatrm dh``mbjs nj iuscjhs
jb j` djrfanm. Wmr supujstm, jsm chzm quj `ms prjfhms suihjr
suihjrab
ab mtra vjz,
pjrm j` rjsu`tanm bjtm nj dh dabhmira luj quj ym fuirä `a `äbja fmdp`jta
nj nhjz dh``mbjs nj iuscjhs njbtrm nj djnhm fèbthdm nj` prjfhm rjhbabtj
jb j` djrfanm fuabnm fmdjbfè a fuirhr jb `a vjbta nj `ms mpjranmrjs.
@ms nmsfhjbtms dh` iuscjhs nj avjba quj vjbnä a fmrtm, para cafjr quj
`ms mpjranmrjs fmdjbzarab a vjbnjr j` daäz, `ms fuirä fmb uba pèrnhna
nj sö`mjb
cjfcm trjstrhom
dh` supjraiab
nö`arjs. Jrajbuba
ta` iujba
iujba euoan
euoana.
fabthnan a. @as
a dh oababfhas
nèlhfht qujquj
jb daäz, caiäa
caiä`aa
pèrnhna tmta` jb tmnas `as mpjrafhmbjs fmb j` orabm luj nj sö`m vjbthfhbfm
dh` nö`arjs. Njspuès, j` daäz a`fabzö j` prjfhm nj vjbthfhbfm fèbthdms
j` iuscj`. Vtrattmb
Vtrattmb dj tjbäa a su djrfjn. Vh dj cuihjra pujstmpujstm a fmdprar
dhs nhjz dh``mbjs nj iuscjhs shb prjmfupardj nj pjbsar jb j` prjfhm, bm
cafj la`ta njfhr `m quj cairäa tjbhnm quj paoar.
Zb cmdirj bm pujnj pasar dufcms añms tratabnm fmb a`om, shb
anquhrhr cafha jsj a`om uba afthtun fmdp`jtadjbtj nhsthbta a `a nj`
prhbfhphabtj. Jsta nhljrjbfha js `a quj nhsthbouj a` prmljshmba` nj`
alhfhmbanm. @m quj cafj quj uba pjrsmba caoa m phjrna nhbjrm jb `ms
djrfanms nj `a jspjfu`afhöb, js su lmrda nj vjr `as fmsas. J` põi`hfm
thjbj ub pubtm nj vhsta ub tabtm nh`jttabt
nh`j ttabtjj cafha su prmphm jslujrzm. J` jo
jomm
mistruyj y pmr `m tabtm j` pjbsadhjbtm bm js tab prmlubnm y jxcausthvm.
J` prmljshmba` sj prjmfupa pmr cafjr `m quj thjbj quj cafjr, y bm pmr
cafjr nhbjrm, saihjbnm quj sh sj prjsta atjbfhöb a `as njdás fmsas, `ms
ijbjlhfhms
ijbjlhf hms sj fuhnab
fuhnab nj sh dhsdms. Zb mpjranmr aftõa aftõa jb j` eujom,
euj om, fmdm
j` euoanmr nj ih``ar, m sja, dhra cafha anj`abtj jb j` eujom jb vjz
fmbshnjrar tab sm`m `a euoana quj sj jbfujbtra lrjbtj a è`. Vj fmbvhjrtj
jb ub hbsthbtm jb iusfa nj `a pmshfhöb.
Yjfujrnm caijr mhnm uba chstmrha afjrfa nj Annhsmb Faddafk
quj h`ustra jstupjbnadjbtj `m quj quhjrm sjña`ar. Vjoõb tmnm `m quj cj
mhnm, dj hbf`hbm a pjbsar quj Faddafk jra ubm nj `ms mpjranmrjs nj

19>
19> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
affhmbjs dás cáih`js nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Bm jra ub iaehsta fröbhfm, fmdm
dufcms phjbsab, shbm quj sjbtäa uba atraffhöb jspjfha` pmr jljftuar sus
mpjrafhmbjs jb j` `anm iaehsta y uth`hzar jb su lavmr `ms nms orabnjs
laftmrjs va`mrjs
vjbnas cudabms nj jspjrabza
fuabnm `a saiha yjstá
dhjnm. Vj `j pmr
suihjbnm atrhiuyj `a lrasj- y"¡Bm
`ms árim`js!" `ms
vhjems dj nhfjb quj sus orabnjs oababfhas `as fmbshouhö shjdprj jb j`
`anm a`fhsta, pmr `m tabtm qujna f`arm quj bm tjbäa prjeuhfhms, shbm fmb
nhfhmbjs. Nj tmnms dmnms, jra ub mpjranmr fmbsudanm. Warjfj sjr quj
uba vjz, jb `a fm`a nj ub djrfanm a` a`za, Faddafk jstaia a `a iaea, y
E. Artcur Emsjpc, jsfrhtmr lhbabfhjrm `m saiäa. Vhb jdiarom, j` djrfanm
bm sm`m jra lujrtj, shbm anjdás asfjbnjbtj, jb rjspujsta a `as hbnhfafhm
bjs nj `ms `änjrjs a`fhstas y nj `ms hblmrdjs mpthdhstas nj `ms pjrhönhfms.
Vaihjbnm j` usm quj pmnäa cafjr nj `a hblmrdafhöb a`fhsta ub mpjranmr
fmdm Faddafk, Emsjpc sj aprjs aprjsurö
urö ub näa a `a mlhf
mlhfhba
hba nj Faddafk fmb
iujbas bmthfhas.
"Dr. Faddafk,
Faddafk, tjbom ub iujb adhom quj js ejl ejljj nj trabsljrjbfhas
jb `a mlhfhba nj Vt. Wau` y afaia nj njfhrdj a`om quj njijräa saijr."
"½Nj què sj trata=", prjoubtö Faddafk fmb hbnhljrjbfha.
"Zstjn ca nanm `a vuj`ta, ½bm js asä=½js acmra iaehsta=", prjoubtö
Emsjpc, para asjourarsj. Vh Faddafk bm jstaia hbtjrjsanm, bm hia a
njrrmfcar uba hblmrdafhöb tab va`hmsa.
"Vä ½Fuá` js jsa hblmrdafhöb tab daravh``msa="
"Cjj jstanm cmy jb `a mlhfhba nj Vr. Wau`
"C Wau`,, ta` y fmdm caom nms m trjs
vjfjs a `a sjdaba jb iusfa nj bmthfhas, y dh adhom dj ca nhfcm `m
shouhjbtj5 "J
"J`` vhjem jstá vjbnhjbnm", sj rjljräa
rjljräa a _h``had Ymfkjlj``jr. "½Js
jsm fhjrtm Ehddy=" `j nhej, y è` rjspmbnhö, "Vä, jstá vjbnhjbnm dh` quh
bhjbtas affhmbjs pmr fana trjs mftavms nj pubtm cafha arrhia. Cafj ya nm nmss
m trjs näas quj jstmy cafhjbnm `a trabsljrjbfha nj `as affhmbjs." Bm cj
pjrnhnm j` thjdpm y cj vjbhnm a njfärsj`m nhrjftadjbtj. "
Faddafk bm sj jxfhtö láfh`djbtj, y, `m quj js dás, jstaia tab
afmstudiranm a quj `a ojbtj jbtrara prjfhphtanadjbtj jb su mlhfhba fmb
tmnm thpm
thpm nj bmthf
bmthfhas,
has, fmth`
fmth``jms,
`jms, rudmrjs, fmbs
fmbsjems
jems y djbthras, quj acmra
njsfmblhaia nj tmnms j``ms. Nhem shdp`jdjbtj, "½jstás sjourm nj caijr
mhnm ihjb Emsjpc="
"½Quj sh jstmy sjourm= ¡Wmr supujstm quj jstmy sjourm! ½Frjjs
quj jstmy smrnm=", nhem Emsjpc.
"½Jstas sjourm nj tu adhom="

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 19:

"¡Aism`utadjbtj!" njf`arö Emsjpc. "@j
"@j fmbmzfm njsnj cafj
cafj añms.
Bubfa dj ca djbthnm. ¡Bubfa `m caräa! Vè quj js aism`utadjbtj nhobm
nj fmblhabza y pmbnräa `a dabm jb j` lujom pmr `m quj è` dj nhfj. @j
fmbmzfm pjrljftadjbtj
dj njspuès ihjb, dufcm djemr nj `m quj tõ parjfjs fmbmfjr
nj tabtms añms."
"Ash quj jstás sjourm nj è` ½jc=" X Faddafk dhrö nj bujvm a
Emsjpc. Jbtmbfjs nhem, "Ihjb, njijräas saijr`m". @`adö a su fmrrjnmr, _.I.
_cjj`jr. Emsjpc jspjraia mhr`j nar uba mrnjb nj vjbnjr a` djbms fhbfu
fhbfujbta
jbta
dh` affhmbjs nj Vt. Wau`. _h``had Ymfkjlj``jr jstaia nhspmbhjbnm nj sus
affhmbjs jb Vt. Wau`, tmdabnm vjbtaea nj `a lujr
lujrza
za nj` djrfanm. J` cjfcm
nj quj lujrab affhmbjs jspjfu`athvas, m va`mrjs nj hbvjrshöb, js a`om
hrrj`jvabtj. @m hdpmrtabtj jra quj j` djemr mpjranmr nj Vtabnarn Mh`
jstaia sa`hjbnm nj Vt. Wau`. ½Què cairäa cjfcm j` cmdirj djnhm sh
cuihjra rjfhihnm `as bmthfhas a travès nj uba lujbtj lhnjnhoba= Bm cafj
la`ta prjoubtar`m.
Wjrm Faddafk, j` djemr mpjranmr
mpjranmr iaehsta nj aquj` thjdpm, quj eustm
eu stm
jb jsj dmdjbtm sj jbfmbtraia jb shtuafhöb iaehsta, `j nhem a su fmrrjnmr,
"Ih``y, vj a` tai`jrm y fmdpra dh` quhbhj
quhbhjbtms
btms nj Vt. Wau` fana trjs mftavms
cafäa arrhia. "J` va`mr jstaia jbtmbfjs jb `ms bmvjbta.
"½Bm quhjrjs njfhr vjbnjr=", hbtjrrudphö Emsjpc lräadjbtj. Bm
jra bhboõb bmvatm jb _a`` Vtrjjt, pjrm jstaia pjbsabnm jb j` djrfanm
njsnj j` pubtm nj vhsta nj` cmdirj nj pjrhönhfm y nj` põi`hfm jb ojbjra`.
ojb jra`.
J` prjfhm, fhjrtadjbtj, hia a njsfjbnjr fmb `as bmthfhas nj `a vjbta
hbtjrhmr.
hbtjrhm r. X bm caiäa djemr vjbta hbtjrhmr quj `a nj Dr. _h``had _h``had
Ymfkjlj``jr. ¡J`¡J` Vtabnarn Mh` sa`hjbnm y Faddafk fmdprabnm!
fmdpr abnm! ¡Bm
¡Bm
pmnäa sjr!
"Bm," nhem Faddafk; " ¡Quhjrm njfhr fmdprar!
"½Bmm dj frjjs="
"½B fr jjs="
"¡Vä!"
"½Bm frjjs jb dh hblmrdafhöb="
hblmrdafhö b="
"Vä"
 "½Bm jstás a `a iaea="
"Vä"
"½Jbtmbfjs què=
"Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj jstmy fmdprabnm. Acmra jsfõfcadj5
Dabtjbtj jb fmbtaftm fmb tu adhom, y jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj sj njtjboa
`a vjbta nj va`mrjs, aväsadj. ¡Yáphnadjbtj¡½Jbthjbnjs="

19< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"Vä," nhem Emsjpc, y shb jstar duy sjourm nj jbtjbnjr `ms dmthvms
nj Faddafk para fmdprar `as affhmbjs nj _h``had Ymfkjlj``jr. Jra j`
fmbmfhdhjbt
fmbmfh dhjbtmm nj quj Fadd
Faddafkafk jstaia iaeh
iaehsta
sta jb j` djr
djrfan
fanm,
m, `m quj cafäa
quj `a dabhmira lujra tab nhläfh` nj jxp`hfar. Vhb jdiarom, Emsjpc vhm a
su adhom
adho m y `j nhem quj qujräa quj `j avhs
avhsara
ara fua
fuabnm
bnm j` \hjem njeara nj
vjbnjr. Emsjpc, ``adaia a su adhom nms vjfjs a` näa, para prjoubtar`j.
Zb näa su adhom, `j nhem, "Xa bm cay bhbouba vjbta pmr partj nj`
\hjem." Emsjpc `j nhm `as orafhas y fmrrhö cafha `a mlhfhba nj Faddafk
fmb `a hblmrdafhöb.
Faddafk jsfufcö fmb atjbfhöb, sj nhm `a vuj`ta cafha _cjjkjr
y prjoubtö,
prjou btö, "Ih``y, ½fuábtas affhmbjs nj Vt. Wau` tjbjdms jb `a mlhfhba="
_cjj`jrr `m dhrö j hblmrdö nj quj caiäab afudu`anm
_cjj`j afudu `anm aa`rjnjn
`rjnjnmr
mr nj sjsjbta
dh` affhmbjs.
Faddafk, shjbnm iaehsta, caiäa jstanm pmbhjbnm `äbjas a fmrtm jb
mtrms varhms va`mrjs, abtjs hbf`usm nj fmdjbzar a fmdprar Vt. Wau`.
Acmra sj jbfmbtraia duy a fmrtm jb j` djrfanm. Mrnjbö a _cjj`jr
vjbnjr `as sjsjbta dh` affhmbjs nj Vt. Wau` fmb `as quj jstaiab a `arom,
y a`oubas dás. Zth`hzö sus pmshfhmbjs a `arom nj Vt. Wau` fmdm pa`abfa
para rjiaear `a `hsta ojbjra` y ijbjlhfhar sus mpjrafhmbjs para ub
njsfjbsm.
Vt. Wau` bm sj njtuvm jb jsj dmvhdhjbtm casta ``joar a fuarjbta y
fuatrm y Faddafk
Fadda fk tuvm ub orab èxhtm lhbabfhjrm. Euo
Euoöö sus fartas fmb uba
caih`hnan fmbsudana y mituvm `ms ijbjlhfhms jb `a prmpmrfhöb anjfuana.
^mnm sj iasaia jb su afthtun caihtua` cafha `a mpjrafhöb. Bm `j cafäa la`ta
rjl`jxhmbar. \hm, nj lmrda hbstabtábja,
hbstabtábja , `m quj para è` jra dás hdpmrtabtj
hdpm rtabtj
quj j` ijbjlhfhm jb jsj njtjrdhbanm va`mr. \hm abtj sä `a mpmrtubhnan nj
fmdjbzar sus mpjrafhmbjs a `a iaea, bm sm`m jb j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm,
shbm tadihèb fmb j` anjfuanm jdpueöb hbhfha`. J` fmbsjem nj Vt. Wau` `j
chzm fmdprar jb vjz nj vjbnjr, pmrquj vhm, ráphnadjbtj, quj `j prmpmr
fhmbaia uba adp`ha mljrta nj `a djemr dubhfhöb para su fadpaña iaehsta.
 \my a vm`vjr a dh dhsdm. ^ras fjrrar dh mpjrafhöb fmb j` trhom y
j` daäz, vm`vä a` sur jb dh yatj. Chfj ub frufjrm pmr `as aouas nj L`mrhna,
`m pasè jstupjbnadjbtj. @a pjsfa luj ojbha`. ^mnm jra daravh``msm. Bm
dj
bjs,hdpmrtaia
bh tadpmfmaism`utadjbtj
`as iusfaia. bana jb j` dubnm. Bm tjbäa prjmfupafhm
Zb näa luh a Wa`d Ijafc. Dj jbfmbtrè fmb ub dmbtöb nj adhoms
nj _a`` Vtrjjt. ^mnms cai`aiab nj` jspjfu`anmr nj a`omnöb dás phbtm-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 19?

rjsfm nj` näa. Caiäa ``joanm ub hblmrdj nj Bujva Xmrk quj njfäa quj
Wjrfy ^cmdas caiäa pjrnhnm
pjrnhnm casta j` õ`thdm fèbthdm.
fèbt hdm. Bm jra uba quhjira
fmdjrfha`; jra, djradjbtj, j` rudmr nj` sjoub
sjoubnm
nm _atjr`mm jb j` djrfa
nm nj` Vhjdprj
a`omnöb caiäa
nj` mpjranmr dubnha`djbtj
sjbthnm uba ladmsm.
orab andhrafhöb pmr è`. @a prhdjra vjz
quj mä cai`ar nj è`, luj
luj a travès nj `ms pjrhönhfms jb `a èpmfa nj `a fahna
nj `a Fasa nj `a Im`sa nj Vcj`nmb & ^cmdas, fuabnm ^cmdas tratö nj
arrhbfmbar j` a`omnöb. Vcj`nmb, quj bm tjbäa `a dhsda vhshöb m j` dhsdm
fmraej quj su smfhm, tuvm dhjnm fuabnm ya jstaia a` imrnj nj` èxhtm. A`
djbms, jsm js `m quj sj njfäa jb _a`` Vtrjjt jb aquj` jbtmbfjs. Nj tmnms
dmnms,
dmnm s, jb vjz nj fmbsjouhr j` èxhtm,
èx htm, `m quj mituvhjrmb luj
luj j` lrafasm dás
dás
tjrrhi`j nj aquj``ms añms. Xa cj m`vhnanm fuabtms dh``mbjs. @a lhrda
jstaia cjrhna,y ^cmdas sj pusm a traiaear pmr su fujbta. Vj njnhfö a`
a`omnöb
a`omn öb jxf`ushvadjbtj, y bm tarnö jb rjfupjrarsj. Waoö sus nnjunas junas y
sus hbtjrjsjs, njunas quj `joa`djbtj bm jstaia mi`hoanm a paoar, y `j
qujnarmb anjdás ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs para è`. Vu vuj`ta a` djrfanm nj`
a`omnöb jra jb fhjrtm dmnm, tab rjdarfai`j fmdm `a ladmsa prmjza nj
Njafmb V.\. _chtj, nj paoar ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs jb ub añm. J` fmraej
y `a hbtj`hojbfha nj ^cmdas, dj chfhjrmb andhrar`j hbdjbsadjbtj.
Jb Wa`d Ijafc, tmnm j` dubnm cai`aia nj` fm`apsm
fm`aps m nj ^cmdas jb j`
a`omnöb nj darzm. Xa sj saij födm sj njsarrm``ab `ms fmdjbtarhms, y
födm frjfjb; `a fabthnan nj hblmrdafhöb tjrohvjrsana y nj jxaojrafhm
bjs quj sj pujnjb ``joar a mhr. Cj pmnhnm vjr, födm fhjrtm rudmr, smirj
dh dhsdm, frjfäa tabtm, quj `a dhsda pjrsmba quj `m hbhfhö, bm `m
rjfmbmfhö fuabnm j` rudmr ``joö nj bujvm a sus mhnms jb djbms nj
vjhbthfuatrm cmras, hbl`anm fmb tmna f`asj nj bujvms y phbtmrjsfms
njta``js.
@as bmthfhas nj `a õ`thda njsvjbtura nj Wjrfy ^cmdas chzm quj dh
djbtj sj m`vhnara nj `a pjsfa y sj fmbfjbtrara
fmbfjbt rara jb j` djrfanm nj` a`omn
a`omnöb.
öb.
Fmbsjouä arfchvms nj pjrhönhfms y `ms `jä para cafjrdj uba hnja nj `as
fmbnhfhmbjs. Fuabnm
Fuabnm vm`vä a Bujva Xm Xmrkrk dj rjbnä y nje
njeèè nj jstunhar j`
 djrf anm. ^mnm j` dubnm jra iae
djrfanm. iaehsta
hsta y tmnm j` dubnm jstaia vjbnhjbnm j`
a`omnöb nj eu`hm
eu` hm.. Xa sj sa
saij
ij födm js `a ojbtj. Vupmbom quj js j` fmbtaohm
nj` jejdp`m, `m quj cafj quj ub cmdirj caoa a`om sm`m pmr j` cjfcm nj quj
tmnms `ms quj sj jbfujbtrab a su a`rjnjnmr `m jstáb cafhjbnm.

193 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Quhzás js a`ouba
a`ouba lasj m varhabtj nj` hbsthbtm orjoarhm. Nj tmnms
dmnms, sjoõb `a mphbhöb nj fhjbtms nj mpjranmrjs, vjbnjr j` a`omnöb nj
eu`hmm jra `m dás saihm quj sj pmnäa cafjr ¡y `m dás sjourm tadihèb! Bm
eu`h
sj pujnj njfhr quj `a vjbta ojbjra` quj sj prmnuem lujra atm`mbnrana; `a
pa`aira js njdashanm fmbsjrvanmra. @ms mpjranmrjs vhjrmb shdp`jdjb
tj ub sm`m `anm nj
nj`` djrfanm y uba or
orab
ab oababfha. Js
Jspjraiab
pjraiab,, njsnj `ujom,
ub fm`apsm jb `ms prjfhms.
\h tmnm jstm, pmr supujstm, y dj smrprjbnhö quj `ms dufcafcms
quj jstaiab a fmrtm bm tuvhjrab dufcm thjdpm para fuirhrs
fuirhrsj.
j. Fuabtm dás
jstunhaia `a shtuafhöb, dás f`aradjbtj `m vjäa, casta quj, lhba`djbtj,
njfhnä fmdprar a`omnöb nj eu`hm. Dj pusj a traiaear y fmdprè, ráphna
djbtj, fhjb dh` affhmbjs. Bm tuvj bhboõb prmi`jda para fmbsjouhr`as,
pmrquj caiäa dufcms vjbnjnmrjs. Dj naia `a hdprjshöb nj quj pmnäa
caijr mlrjfhnm uba rjfmdpjbsa pmr `a faptura, vhvm m dujrtm, nj ub sm`m
mpjranmr quj bm lujra a vjbnjr a`omnöb nj eu`hm, y banhj `a cairäa
rjf`adanm.
Njim njfhr quj jstm mfurrhö jb `a õ`thda dhtan nj daym. Xm sjouä
fmdprabnm y j``ms shouhjrmb vjbnhèbnmdj`m casta quj mituvj tmnms `ms
fmbtratms l`mtabtjs y tuvj fhjbtm vjhbtj dh dh`` affhmbj
affhmbjs.
s. Zbms nhas dás
tarnj nj qu qujj fmdprara `as õ`t
õ`thdas,
hdas, jdpjzarm
jdpjzarmbb a suihr. Zba vvjzjz quj
quj
jdpjzö, j` djrfanm fmbthbuö pmrtábnmsj duy ihjb, m sja, suiäa nj
fuarjbta a fhbfujbta pubtms a` näa.
Zb sáianm, a`rjnjnmr nj nhjz näas njspuès nj quj fmdjbzara `as
mpjrafhmbjs,
nj a`omnöb a j``a prjfhm
vjbta. fmdjbzö a suihr.
Njsfuirhr`m Bm saiäa
njpjbnäa nj dä,sh pmr
caiäa
`m tmnaväa a`om
tabtm jspjrè
casta `ms nhjz õ`thdms dhbutms. Jb aquj` jbtmbfjs, jra duy bmrda` quj
`ms dufcafcms jstuvhjrab a fmrtm, y sh j` djrfanm fjrraia pmr j` näa, j``ms
jstaräab a sa`vm. Wmr `m tabtm jbvhè fuatrm örnjbjs nhljrjbtjs, para
fmdprar fhbfm dh` affhmbjs fmb fana ubm, jb j` djrfanm y a` dhsdm
thjdpm. Jsm chzm quj j` prjfhm suihjra trjhbta pubtms y `ms fmrtms jstaiab
cafhjbnm tmnm `m quj pmnäab para jsfaiu``hrsj. J` djrfanm fjrrö jb j`
dáxhdm. X rjfujrnj, tmnm `m quj chfj luj fmdprar jsas õ`thdas vjhbtj
dh` affhmbjs.
J` näapubtms
airhr vjhbtj shouhjbtj
dásjra nmdhbom.
arrhia Wjrm
para jstar a `aj`par
`ubjs, @hvjrpmm`
fmb j`
fmb asfjb sm tjbäa
asfjbsm quj
nj Bujva
Xmrk. Jb `uoar nj jsm, airhö fmb fhbfujbta pubtms dás arrhia. Jsm
shobhlhfa quj @hvjrpmm` caiäa jxfjnhnm a bujstrm asfjbsm jb ub 177%.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 198

Xm bm tjbäa bana quj vjr fmb

fmb j` asfjbsm nj jsj djrfanm. Jstm dj dmströ
quj dhs njnuffhmbjs caiäab shnm sjouras y quj jstaia mpjrabnm a `m
`arom nj `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha. A` dhsdm thjdpm, tadpmfm pjrnäa
nj vhsta j` cjfcm nj quj tjbäa a dh nhspmshfhöb uba daravh``msa `äbja. Zb
djrfanm pujnj avabzar irusfadjbtj m j`jvarsj nj lmrda oranua` y a
pjsar nj j``m, bm nhspmbjr nj` pmnjr sulhfhjbtj para aismrijr dás nj uba
njtjrdhbana fabthnan nj vjbta.
Wmr supujstm, `as bmthfhas nj @hvjrpmm` chfhjrmb quj bujstrm
djrfanm sj vm`vhjra `mfm. Wjrm misjrvè quj dhjbtras dás suiäa, dás
jsfasm parjfäa sjr j` a`omnöb nj eu`hm. Bm hia a njscafjrdj nj dh
a`omnöb, jb bhbouba fabthnan. Nj dmnm ojbjra`, jsj `ubjs luj ub näa
duy jxfhtabtj
jxfhtab tj y bm njdashnm a`jorj para `ms iaehstas; pjrm a pjsar nj tmnm
bm njtjftè sjña`js nj pábhfm iaehsta hbdhbjbtj; bh fmdhjbzms nj uba
fhjoa jstadphna
jstadphna para pmbjrs
pmbjrsjj a fuihjrtm.
f uihjrtm. X ym tjbäa fhjbtm fuarjbta dh`
affhmbjs para `as quj tjbäa quj jbfmbtrar ub djrfanm.
J` dartjs pmr `a dañaba,
dañaba , ym hia fadhbabnm cafha dh mlhfhba fuabnm
dj jbfmbtrè ub adhom jb `a jbtrana nj` jnhlhfhm.
"Jsta dañaba caiäa uba chstmrha iastabtj hbtjrjs
hbtjrjsabtj
abtj jb ^cj _mr`n,"
nhem fmb uba smbrhsa
"½Què chstmrha=", prjoubtè.
"½Què=, ½dj quhjrjs njfhr quj bm `m cas vhstm="
"Bubfa `jm ^cj _mr`n," nhej. "½Fuá` js `a chstmrha="
"Jss afjrfa nj tä. Nhfj quj thjbjs j` a`omnöb
"J a`omnöb nj eu`h
eu`hmm arrhbfmbanm."
"Bm `m cj vhstm," `j nhej, y dj luh. Bm sè sh dj frjyö m bm.
Wrmiai`jdjbtj
jra fhjrtm m bm. pjbsö quj jra duy njsfmbshnjranm
njsfmbshnjranm nj dh partj bm njfhr`j sh
Fuabnm ``jouè a `a mlhfhba pjnä quj dj traejrab j` pjrhönhfm.
Njsnj `ujom, acä jstaia, jb prhdjra páohba, jb ub orab thtu`ar5

J@ A@OMNÖB NJ EZ@HM AYYHBFMBANM

 WMY @AYYX @H\HBOV^MBJ

Wmr supujstm, saiäa quj j` abubfhm caräa j` eujom a` djrfanm.

Aubquj cuihjra jstunhanm nj`hijranadjbtj `ms dmnms y djnhms nj
nhspmbjr
pmnräa nj dhs
caijr nanmfhjbtm
fmb ubfuarjbta dh` affhmbjs
p`ab djemr.Bm cairäa fmb
shnm`apmshi`j
djemrjbfmbtrar`m.
vjbtaea, bm

167 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Jsj artäfu`m, jb jsj dhsdm dmdjbtm, jstaia shjbnm `jhnm jb tmnm j` paäs,
tabtm jb ^cj _mr`n, fmdm jb mtrms pjrhönhfms quj cafäab djbfhöb nj`
artäfu`m. Vj caiäa hbl
hblmrda
mrdanm
nm a Jurmpa. Jra pmr `m `mss prjfhms nj @hvjrpmm`.
J` djrfanm sj caiäa
caiäa vuj`tm `mfm. X fmb ta`js bmthfhas,
bmthfha s, bm jra nj jstrañar.
Wmr supujstm, saiäa `m quj hia a cafjr Bujva Xmrk y `m quj hia a
cafjr ym. J` djrfanm sj airäa aquä a `as nhjz jb pubtm. Nhjz dhbutms
njspuès nj `a nhjz, ya bm dj qujnaia bana nj a`omnöb. \jbnä tmnas y
fana uba
uba nj dhs fhjbtm fuarjbta dh` affhmbjs. Wara `a daymr partj nj `a
`äbja rjfhiä `ms quj rjsu`tarmb sjr `ms prjfhms dás a`tms nj` näa. @ms
mpjranmrjs dj prjpararmb j` djrfanm. ^mnm `m quj ym chfj luj vjr uba
mpmrtubhnan faäna nj` fhj`m para njscafjrdj nj tmnm j` a`omnöb. @m chfj
pmrquj bm punj jvhtar`m. ½Què mtra fmsa pmnäa cafjr=
J` prmi`jda quj ym frjäa tab nhläfh`
nhläfh` nj rjsm`vjr, qujnö rjsuj`tm pmr
affhnjbtj. Vh ^cj _mr`n bm cuihjra pui`hfanm j` artä artäfu`m,
fu`m, bm cairäa shnm
bubfa fapaz nj nhspmbjr nj tmna `a `äbja shb safrhlhfar uba orab partj nj
dhs ijbjlhfhms jb papj`. \jbnjr fhjbtm fuarjbta dh` affhmbjs nj a`omnöb
shb cafjr quj
quj njsfhjbna j` prjf
prjfhm,
hm, jra ub trufm quj jstaia dás a``á nnjj dhs
pmnjrjs. Wjrm j` artäfu`m nj ^cj _mr`n dj `m pusm du duyy láfh`.
Bm sj pmr què razöb pui`hfö ^cj _mr`n jsj artäfu`m. Bubfa `m
supj. Dj supmbom quj j` jsfrhtmr rjfhihö ub smp`m nj a`oõb adhom nj`
djrfanm nj` a`omnöb, y pjbsö quj tjbäa uba iujba iaza. Bm dj
jbtrjvhstè fmb è`, bh fmb banhj nj` pjrhönhfm. Bm sè sh j` artäfu`m sj
hdprhdhö jsa dañaba m njspuès nj `as bujvj; y sh bm ``joa a sjr pmrquj
dh adhom dj ``adö `a atjbfhöb smirj j` asubtm, bm `m cairäa saihnm.
Vhbb j` artä
Vh artäfu`m,
fu`m, bm cairäa tjbhnm ub djrfanm sulhfhjbtjd
sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
jbtj orabnj
fmdm para njsfaroar tmnm j` a`omnöb. Jsj js j` prmi`jda quj sj p`abtja
fuabnm sj mpjra a orab jsfa`a. Bm sj pujnj ubm jsfapar tab láfh`djbtj.
Bm pujnjs vjbnjr shjdprj tmnm `m quj njsjas jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj `m
njsjas. ^hjbjs quj sa`hr fuabn
fuabnmm pujnjs
pujnjs,, fuabnm thjbjs ub djrfanm fapaz
nj aismrijr tmna `a `äbja. J` lrafasm a `a cmra nj aprmvjfcar `a mpmrtu
bhnan nj sa`hr, pujnj fmstar dh``mbjs. Bm sj pujnj vafh`ar. Vh `m cafjs
jstás pjrnhnm.
pjrn hnm. ^adpmfm pujnjs hbtjbtar dabhmiras nj` thpm nj audjbta
audjbtarr
j` prjfhm jb `ms iaehstas, a travès nj `a fmdpra fmdpjththva, pmrquj fmb
j``m, sjhr `a
pjrfhihr
pjrfhi pujnj rjnufhr bm
mpmrtubhnan `a js
fapafhnan nj aismrfhöb.
tab láfh` ffmdm
mdm sujba. ZbXcmdirj
quhjrm njij
njfhrjstar
quj
duy a`jrta, para quj fuabnm `a mpmrtubhnan ``adj a `a pujrta, pujna
aoarrar`a ihjb.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 161

Wmr supujstm, bm tmnm j` dubnm supm afjrfa nj dh almrtubanm

affhnjbtj. Jb _a`` Vtrjjt, y a` houa` quj a``ä, jb fua`quhjr mtrm shthm,
fua`quhjr affhnjbtj quj prmnuzfa dufcm nhbjrm, sj dhra fmb smspjfcas.
Fuabnm j` affhnjbtj bm prmnufj ijbjlhfhms, bm sj `j fmbshnjrfmbshnjraa affhnjbtj,
shbm j` rjsu`tanm
rjsu` tanm `öohfm nj tu pmfa fapafhnan
fapaf hnan m nj tu faijza cujfa. Fuabnm
Fuabn m
j` affhnjbtj prmnufj
prmnuf j oababfhas `m ``adab saqujm,
saquj m, y cai`ab nj `m ihjb quj
sj paoa `a la`ta nj jsfrõpu`ms, y `m da` quj sj paoa j` fmbsjrvanurhsdm
y `a njfjbfha.
Bm sm`m jrab `as nhaiö`hfas djbtjs a fmrtm, quj sulräab j` fasthom nj
su prmpha hdprunjbfha
hdprunjbfh a quhjbjs dj afusaiab
afusai ab nj caijr p`abjanm j` om`pj nj
lmrda nj`hijrana. Mtra ojbtj pjbsaia tadihèb `m dhsdm. Zbm nj `ms
cmdirjs dás orabnjs nj` djrfanm nj` a`omnöb nj tmnm j` dubnm, dj
jbfmbtr
jbfm btröö ub näa m nms dás tarnj y nhem,"Ca shnm fhjrtadjbtj
fhjrtad jbtj,, `a dás astuta
nj tmnas tus dabhmiras, @hvhbostmb. Dj jstaia prjoubtabnm fuábtm hias
a pjrnjr fuabnm quhshjras pmbjr jb j` djrfanm jsa `äbja. Vaiäas quj j`
djrfanm bm jra sulhfhjbtjdjbtj orabnj para afjptar dás nj fhbfujbta m
sjsjbta dh`
dh` affhmbjs shb `hquhnar, y dj jstaia jdpjz jdpjzabnm
abnm a p`abtjar què
pjbsaias cafjr fmb j` rjstm para bm pjrnjr tmnms tus ijbjlhfhms jb papj`.
Wjrm bm caiäa pjbsanm jb tu jsqujda.
jsqu jda. Ca shnm duy astutm, njsnj `ujom." `ujo m."
"Bm tuvj bana quj vjr fmb j``m," `j asjourè tab lrabfadjbtj fmdm
punj.
Wjrm tmnm `m quj è` cafäa jra rjpjth
rjp jthr5
r5"" ¡ Nj `m dás astu
astutm,
tm, fchf
fchfm!.
m!. ¡ Nj
`ms dás astutm! ¡Bm sjas tab dmnj
dmnjstm
stm!!
Luj njspuès nj jstm, fuabnm a`oubms pjrhönhfms sj rjljräab a dä
fmdm a` Yjy
Bm cafj la`tanj`
nj`njfhr
A`omnöb.
A`omn öb.bmWjrm
quj W jrm,
cay, ta` y fmdm nhej,
sulhfhjbtj bm jb
nhbjrm dj `ms
djrjfäa jsa fmrmba.
Jstanms Zbhnms
para fmdprar `as fm`udbas nj` _mr`n bh sulhfhjbtj jdpuej pjr pjrsmba
smba``
fmdm para oarabthzar `a pui`hfafhöb nj uba chstmrha fmdm èsa. Dj nhm uba
rjputafhöb quj bm dj djrjfäa.
Wjrm bm cj fmbtanm jsta chstmrha para dmra`hzar smirj `as fmrmbas
quj sj fm`mfab a`oubas vjfjs smirj `as faijzas nj mpjranmrjs quj bm sj
`as djrjfjb, bh para cafjr èblashs jb `a bjfjshnan nj jstunhar `a
mpmrtubhnan, shb hdpmrtar födm m nj nöbnj vjboa. Dh miejthvm jra tab
sö`m nar fujbta nj `a orab bmtmrhjnan quj a`fabfè jb `ms pjrhönhfms fmdm
rjsu`tanm nj `a mpjrafhöb fmb j` a`omnöb nj eu`hm. X sh bm cuihjra shnm pmr
`ms pjrhönhfms bm cairäa fmbmfhnm bubfa a ub cmdirj tab rjdarfai`j,
Wjrfy ^cmdas.
 SHH
Wmfm thjdpm njspuès nj fjrrar `a mpjrafhöb nj` a`omnöb nj eu`hm,
fmb dás èxhtm nj` quj jspjraia, rjfhiä pmr fmrrjm uba pjthfhöb para uba
jbtrjvhsta.
fmbtjstè @a farta jstaia
hbdjnhatadjbtj qujlhrdana pmr Wjrfy nj
jstaia jbfabtanm ^cmdas.
vjr`j jbWmr
dhsupujstm,
mlhfhba a
fua`quhjr cmra. \hbm a` näa shouhjbtj.
@j andhraia njsnj cafäa dufcm thjdpm. Vu bmdirj jra duy fmbm
fhnm jb fua`quhjr `uoar jb nmbnj jxhsthjra a`oõb thpm nj hbtjrès jb `m
rjljrjbtj a `a fmsjfca m fmdpra nj a`omnöb. Jb Jurmpa, asä fmdm jb tmnm
jstj paäs, `a ojbtj tjbäa jb fujbta `a mphbhöb nj Wjrfy
Wjrfy ^cmdas. Yjfujrnm
quj, uba vjz jjbb ub fjbtrm turästhfm suhzm, tuvj uba fmbvjrsafhöb
fmbvjrsafhöb fmb ub
iabqujrm nj J` Fahrm,
Fah rm, quj jstaia hbtjrjsanm jb `a fmsjfca nj a`omnöb jb
Johptm jb asmfhafhöb fmb j` nhlub
nhlubtm
tm Vhr Jrbjst Fassj`.
Fassj `. Fuabn
Fuabnmm myö quj ym
jra nj Bujva Xmrk dj prjoubtö smirj Wjrfy ^cmdas, è` afmstudiraia
a rjfhihr y `jjr sus hblmrdjs fmb rjou`arhnan.
Vhjdprj pjbsè quj ^cmdas sj jblrjbtaia a sus bjomfhms nj lmrda
fhjbtälhfa. Jra ub vjrnanjrm jspjfu`anmr, ub pjbsanmr fmb `a vhshöb nj
ub smñanmr y j` fmraej nj ub oujrrjrm, ub cmdirj jxfjpfhmba`djbtj ihj
ihjbb
hblmrdanm, quj fmbmfäa `a tjmräa y `a práfthfa nj `as mpjrafhmbjs nj`
 a`omnöb. @j jbfabtaia jsfufcar y jxprjsar sus hnjas, tjmräas y aistraf
fhmbjs, y a` dhsdm thjdpm caiäa duy pmfm smirj j` `anm práfthfm nj`
djrfanm nj` a`omnöb, m nj `a pshfm`moäa nj `ms mpjranmrjs nj` a`omnöb,
quj è` bm suphjra, ya quj cafäa dufcms añms quj mpjraia y caiäa cjfcm
orabnjs sudas nj nhbjrm.
^ras j` lrafasm nj `a Vtmfk Jxfcaboj lhrd ml Vcj`nmb &
^cmdas, traiaeö pmr su fujbta. A` faim nj nms añms, rjorjsö nj lmrda

166

16> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fash jspjftafu`ar. Yjfujrnm
Yjf ujrnm ca
caijr
ijr `jhnm jb j` Vub quj `m prhdjrm
prh djrm quj chzm
fuabnm sj vm`vhö a pmbjr nj phj lhbabfhjradjbtj, luj paoar sus vhjeas
njunas pmr fmdp`jtm, y `m shouhjbtj luj fmbtratar a ub jxpjrtm para quj
jstunhara y njtjrdhbara j` djemr dmnm nj hbvjrthr ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs.
Jstj jxpjrtm jxadhbö `as prmphjnanjs y aba`hzö `ms hblmrdjs nj nhvjrsas
fmdpañäas y njspuès rjfmdjbnö `a fmdpra nj affhmbjs nj Nj`awarj &
Cunsmb.
Ihjb, tras caijr pjrnhnm dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs y caijr vuj`tm fmb
dás dh``mbjs, ^cmdas luj `hquhnanm fmdm rjsu`tanm nj su mpjrafhöb jb
j` djrfanm nj` a`omnöb. Bm sj njspjrnhfhö dufcm thjdpm njspuès nj su
vhshta. Wrmpusm quj lmrdáradms uba a`habza nj traiaem. Fua`quhjr
hblmrdafhöb quj è` fmbshouhjra dj `a pasaräa hbdjnhabtadjbtj abtjs nj
quj lujra nj` fmbmfhdhjbtm nj` põi`hfm jb ojbjra`. Dh traiaem fmbshsthräa
jb
nj```jvar
quj è`a faim `a mpjra
farjfäa.mpjrafhöb
fhöb,, para `m fua`,
fua` , nhem, ym tjbäa ub ojbhm jspjfha`
Jstm bm dj atraem, pmr uba sjrhj nj razmbjs. @j nhej lrabfadjbtj
quj bm dj sjbtäa fapaz nj fmrrjr a vj`mfhnan nmi`j, y quj tadpm tadpmfmfm tjbäa
hbtjbfhmbjs nj aprjbnjr. Wjrm è` hbshstäa jb quj sjräa uba fmdihbafhöb
hnja`, casta quj `j nhej, f`aradjbtj, quj bm qujräa tjbjr bana quj vjr fmb
tmnm `m quj shobhlhfara hbl`ujbfhar a `as pjrsmbas para `a mpjrafhöb.
"Vh caom j` tmbtm," `j nhej, "sulrm ym sm`m y paom `a laftura nj uba
vjz".. Bm cay bh
vjz" bhboõb
boõb paom a `arom bh hbfmbvjbhjbtjs hbjspjran
hb jspjranms.
ms. Eujom sm`m
fmb uba dabm pmr fasua`hnan, y tadihèb pmrquj js j` dmnm dás saihm y
iaratm nj mpjrar.
`ms fjrjirms Djmtrms
nj `ms prmnufj p`af jr j`cmdirjs
p`afjr
mpjranmrjs, cjfcm njquj
jblrjbta
jblrjbtar
bubfar dh
cjfjrjirm fmbtra
vhstm, fmb `ms
quj bubfa cj cai`anm, a `ms quj bubfa cj afmbsjeanm `a fmdpra m `a
vjbta, y a `ms quj bm jspjrm fmbmfjr. Fuabnm caom nhbjrm, `m caom
iasábnmdj jb dhs prmphas mphbhmbjs. Bm `as vjbnm bh `as faphta`hzm. Vh
chfhjra nhbjrm nj a`oõb mtrm dmnm, dj naräa `a hdprjshöb nj quj bm `m
cairäa oabanm. Vu prmpmshfhöb bm dj hbtjrjsa, pmrquj dj hbtjrjsa euoar
sö`m, para dä, y a dh dabjra."
Nhem quj sjbtäa quj lujra jsa dh mphbhöb, j hbtjbtö njfhrdj quj
jstaia jquhvmfanm a` rjfcazar su p`ab. Wjrm dj aljrrè a dhs pubtms nj
vhsta. J` rjstm luj sö`m fcar`a, uba fcar`a aoranai`j. @j nhej quj saiäa quj
hia "a vm`vjr" y quj fmbshnjraräa ub prhvh`johm
prhvh`jo hm quj dj pjrdhthj
pjrdhthjra
ra
fmbfjnjr`j ayuna lhbabfhjra. Wjrm nhem quj bm pmnäa afjptar bhboõb
prèstadm. Njspuès dj prjoubtö smirj dh mpjrafhöb nj` a`omnöb nj eu`hm

Yjfujrnms nj ub
u b mpjranmr
mpjran mr nj affhmbjs 16:
y `j nhej tmna `a vjrnan, födm dj caiäa djthnm jb j``m, fuábtm a`omnöb
caiäa fmdpranm, a què prjfhm, y a`oubms mtrms njta``js. Fcar`adms ub
pmfm, y njspuès sj darfcö.
Fuabnmnj
oms, dufcms nhej`mscafj
cafj thjdpm
fua`js quj ub
partäab njjspjfu`anmr
è` dhsdm, tjbäa
tjbäa dufcms jbjdh
jb djbtj dhs
dufcms jrrmrjs. Cj aprjbnhnm quj ub cmdirj pujnj pmsjjr uba djbtj
mrhohba` y uba fm
fmstudir
studirjj nj pjbsadhjbtm hhbnjpjbnhjbtj
bnjpjbnhjbtj quj pujnj nurar
tmna `a vhna y, a pjsar
pjsar nj tmnm j``m, sjr vu`bjrai`j abtj `ms ataqujs nj uba
pjrsmba`hnan pjrsuashva. Vmy iastabtj hbdubj abtj `ms vhfhms jspufu`a-
thvms dás fmdubjs, `a fmnhfha, j` dhjnm y `a jspjrabza. Wjrm, fmdm smy
ub cmdirj, sè quj pujnm jrrar fmb orab lafh`hnan.
Njijräa caijr jstanm jb ouarnha jb aquj` njtjrdhbanm dmdjbtm,
pmrquj bm dufcm abtjs nj jsm, caiäa tjbhnm uba jxpjrhjbfha quj dj
njdmströ fmb ququjj lafh`hnan sj pujnj fmbvjbfjr a ub cmdirj nj quj caoa
a`om quj jstá Xm
nj Carnhbo. jb fmbtra nj sus
tjbäa uba euhfh msnjy nj
euhfhms
jspjfhj sus njs
mlhfhbanjsjms.
jms. Vufjnhö
parthfu`ar, uba jb `a mlhfhba
caihtafhöb
quj dj njeaiab
njeaiab mfupa
mfuparr a dh sö`m, y sj supmbäa quj banhj pmnäa afjrfarsj
a dä nurabtj `as cmras nj djrfanm shb dh fmbsjbthdhjbtm. Bm qujräa quj
dj dm`jstarab y, fmdm quj jstaia mpjrabnm a duy a`ta jsfa`a y dh
fujbta jra iastabtj ijbjlhfhmsa, jstaia iastabtj ihjb prmtjohnm.
Zb näa, njspuès nj quj sj fjrrara j` djrfanm, mä quj a`ouhjb
njfäa,"Iujbas tarnjs, Dr. @hvhbostmb."
Dj vm`vä y vh a ub jxtrañ
j xtrañm,
m, ub dufcafcm nj ubm ubmss trjhbta y fhbfm añms.
Bm jbtjbnäa födm caiäa
caiäa jbtranm, pjrm acä jstaia. @`jouè a `a fmbf`ushöb
nj quj jstaia hbtjrjsanm
hbtjrjsanm jb dhs bjomfhms, pjrm bm nhej bana. Vö`m `j dhrè,
ysjè`luj.
nhem jbsjouhna, "Cj vjbhnm a vjr`j jb rj`afhöb fmb _a`tjr Vfmtt," y
Jra ub aojbtj
aojbtj nj `hirm
`hirms.
s. Bm jra parthfu`ardjbt
parthfu`ardjbtjj aoranai`j jb fuabtm
a sus dabjras m a su dmnm nj cai`ar. ^adpmfm jra jspjfha`djbtj
atrafthvm.. Wjrm, njs
atrafthvm njsnj
nj `ujom, tjbäa pjrsmba`hnan. È` cai`aia y ym pjbsaia
quj `j jsfufcaia. Wjrm bm sè `m quj nhem. Frjm quj bubfa `m supj, bh
 shquhjra jb aquj` dmdjbtm. Fuabnm tjrdhbö su dmbö`mom, dj nhm
prhdjrm su im`äoralm y njspuès uba cm
cmea
ea jb i`abfm, quj ym lhrdè. J Jra
ra ub
fmbtratm para fmdprar uba sjrhj nj traiaems nj Vfmtt, pmr quhbhjbtms
nö`arjs.
Jb j` dmdjbtm
dmdjbtm jb quj lhrdè, vm`vä a dä. WWjrm
jrm è` tjbäa ya j` fmbtratm
a sa`vm jb su im`sh``m. Xm bm qujräa `ms `hirms. Bm tjbäa shthm para

16< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

pmbjr`ms. Anjdas bm dj sjrväab para bana. Bm tjbäa a banhj a quhjb
rjoa`ársj`ms. X, shb jdiarom, afjptè ffmdprar`m
mdprar`mss pmr quhbhjbtms nö`arjs.
Jstmy tab afmstudiranm a pjrnjr nhbjrm quj bubfa phjbsm prhdjrm
jb jsa lasj nj dhs jrrmrjs. Js shjdprj j` eujom jb sä, `a razöb, j` dmthvm.
Jb prhdjr
prhdjr `uoar quhjrm fmbmfjr dhs prmphas `hdhtafhmbjs
`hdhtafhmbjs y dhs fmstud
irjs nj pjbsadhjbtm. Mtra razöb js quj bm njsjm fmdjtjr nms vjfjs j`
dhsdm jrrmr. Zb cmdirj sö`m pujnj jxfusa
jxfusarr sus jrrmrjs faphta`hzábnm
fap hta`hzábnm
`ms para `ms ijbjlhfhms suishouhjbtjs.
Ihjb, caihjbnm fmdjthnm ub jrrmr nj quhbhjbtms nö`arjs, y bm
caihjbnm `mfa`hzanm tmnaväa j` prmi`jda, dhrè a` dufcafcm hbtjbtabnm
aba`hzar`j. ¡Quj dj fuj`oujb sh bm dj smbrhö, uba pjqujña smbrhsa nj
fmdprjbshöb! Warjfäa jjstar
star `jyjbnm dhs
dhs pjbsadhjbtms. Vupj, nj a`ouba
dabjra, quj bm cafha la`ta quj `j jxp`hfara bana; `m saiäa shb quj ym sj `m
nhejra.
prjoubtè,Wmr"½Fuábta
`m tabtmfmdhshöb
jvhtè `asmitjbnrás
jxp`hfafhmbjs y quhbhjbtms
nj jsms `ms prj`hdhbarjs y `j
nö`arjs="
Nj prmbtm, aohtö `a faijza y nhem,
nhe m,"" ¡B
¡Bm pujnm cafjr`m!
cafjr `m! ¡@m shjbtm!"
"½Fuábtm mithjbjs=", hbshstä.
"Zb tjrfhm. ¡Wjrm bm pujnm cafjr`m!", nhem.
"Zb tjrfhm nj quhbhjbtms nö`arjs js fhjbtm sjsjbta y sjhs nö`arjs
y sjsjbta y sjhs fjbtavms. ^j nmy nmsfhjbtms nö`arjs sh dj njvuj`vjs j`
fmbtratm lhrdanm."
lhrdanm." X para njdmstrar`m, saquè j` nhbjrm nj dh im`sh`
im`sh``m.
`m.
"Xaa nhej quj bm pujnm cafjr`m," nhem.
"X
"½^j cafjb tmnms `ms f`hjbtjs `a dhsda mljrta=, prjoubtè.
"Bm", rjspmbnhö.
"Jbtmbfjs,
"Jbtmb fjs, ½pmr què jstaias tab sjourm nj quj ym hia a cafèrtj`a=
cafèr tj`a=""
"Js `m quj caräa `a ojbtj fmdm tõ. Jrjs ub pjrnjnmr nj prhdjra
f`asj, y jsm tj fmbvhjrtj
fmbvhjr tj jb ub bjomfhabtj nj prhdjra f`asj. @j jstmy duy duy
aoranjfhnm, pjrm bm pujnm cafjr`m."
"Acmra nädj pmrquè bm njsjas oabar dás quj tu fmdhshöb."
"Bm js jsm jxaftadjbtj," nhem. "Bm
"Bm traiaem tab sm`m pmr `a fmdhshöb."
 "½Wara què traiaeas jbtmbfjs="
"Wmrr `a fmdhshöb y pmr j` hblmrdj," rjspmbnhö.
"Wm
"½Què hblmrdj="
"J`` däm."
"J d äm."
"½A
"½^õnöbnj quhjrjs
traiaeas ``joar="
sö`m pmr nhbjrm=", dj prjoubtö.
"Vä", nhej.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 16?

"Bm ". X aohtö `a faijza.
"Bm". faij za. "Bm,
"B m, bm `m cafjs.
caf js. Bm tj js sulhfhjbtjdj
sulhf hjbtjdjbtj
btj
oratm j` cafjr`m. Njsnj `ujom, bm traiaeas tab sm`m para añanhr ubms
fuabtms nö`arjs a tu fujbta nj` iabfm y bm jstas jb _a`` Vtrjjt pmrquj
tj ousta
pasa j` nhbjrm láfh`. Mithjbjs p`afjr nj mtrm dmnm. Wujs ihjb, aquä
`m dhsdm.
Bm nhsfutä, y `j prjoubtè, "½X nöbnj jbfujbtras tõ `a nhvjrshöb="
"Ihjb", fmbljsö, "tmnms tjbjdms bujstrm pubtm nèih`."
"½X fuá` js j` tuym=
"\abhnan", nhem.
"Ihjb," `j nhej,
nhej, "cas fmbsjouhnm quj lhrdara. Acmra quhjrm imrrar
jsa lhrda, y tj vmy a paoa
paoarr nmsfhjbtms
nmsfhjbt ms nö`arjs
nö`a rjs pmr nhjz dhbu
dhbutms
tms nj traiaem.
½Bm js sulhfhjbtj para tu mrou``m="
"Bm," rjspmbnhö. "J` rjstm nj `a ojbtj ``jva djsjs traiaeabnm jb
_a`` Vtrjjt y bm ca fmbsjouhnm bana. Njfäab quj jra njihnm a `ms ihjbjs
nj` tjr rhtmrhm.
tjrrhtm
`a la`ta rhm. Wmr
jstaia `m fapafhnan
jb `a tabtm, `a mlhfhba dj ca
nj vjbta, dab
dabnan
y bm jbnanm
`msm `hirms
a dä para
bh jbprmiar
prmj`iar quj
`uoar.
J``ms traiaeaiab fmb uba fmdhshöb nj` 9:%. Xm jstaia jb F`jvj`abn, jb
nmbnj vjbnä mfcjbta y nms jejdp`arjs jb nms sjdabas. Xm jstmy aquä
para vjbnjr `hirms, bm sö`m a `as pjrsmbas quj bm fmdprarmb a `ms mtrms
aojbtjs, shbm tadihèb a ojbtj quj j``ms bh shquhjra punhjrmb vjr. Wmr jsm
dj nab j` 66 ,66 pmr fhjbtm."
"Bm sè fmdm tj `as hbojbhastjs para vjbnjrdj jsa sjrhj."
"½Wmr què=, nhem nj lmrda fmbsm`anmra. "Cj vjbnhnm mtra sjrhj a
E.W."
"Bm, bm js pmshi`j," nhej.
"Bm sj jblanö. Vhdp`jdjbtj
Vhdp`jdjb tj nhem; "Nj vjrnan, sj `a cj vjbnhnm."
vjbn hnm."
"½Zba sjrhj nj _a`tjr
_a`t jr Vfmtt a E.W. Dmroa
Dm roab,
b, quhjb bm sm`m thjbj
a`oubas iujbas jnhfhmbjs, shbm tadihèb `ms dabusfrhtms mrhohba`js nj
a`oubas nj `as bmvj`as=
bmv j`as=""
"Ihjb, aquä jstá." y dj jbsjñm ub fmbtratm lhrdanm pmr j` prmphm E.
 W. Dmroab. Wmnäa bm caijr shnm `a lhrda nj Dr. Dmroab, pjrm jb aquj`
dmdjbtm bm sj dj mfurrhö nunar. ½Bm tjbäa `a däa jb su im`sh``m=.^mnm
`m quj sjbtäa jra furhmshnan. Asä quj `j prjoubtè, "½Födm fmbsjouhstj
pasar nj`abtj nj` ihi`hmtjfarhm="
"Bm vh bhboõb ihi`hmtjfarhm. \h a` \hjem jb pjrsmba. Jb `a mlhfhba."
"¡Jsm js njdashanm!" Nhej. ^mnm j` dubnm saiäa quj jra dufcm
dás nhläfh` jbtrar jb `a mlhfhba prhvana nj Dr. Dmroab fmb `as dabms

163
163 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
vafhas, quj jb `a Fasa I`abfa fmb ub paqujtj quj smbara fmdm ub
njspjrtanmr.
Wjrm è` njf`araia, "`m chfj."
"Wjrm, ½födm fmbsjouhstj jbtrar jb `a mlhfhba="
"½Födm jbtrè jb `a suya= rjp`hfö.
"Bm `m sè. Jspjrm quj tõ dj `m nhoas," nhej.
"Ihjb, j` dmnm nj jbtrar jb `a mlhfhba nj Dmroab y j` dmnm nj jbtrar
jb su mlhfhba, smb jxaftadjbtj j` dhsdm. ^ab sm`m cai`è fmb j` dufcafcm
nj `a jbtrana, quj thjbj j` jbfarom nj bm njeardj
njeardj jbtrar. X j` dmnm nj cafjr
quj Dmroab lhrdara, js j` dhsdm quj uth`hfè para quj lhrdara ustjn. Bm
jstaia lhrdabnm ub fmbtratm nj uba fm`jffhöb nj `hirms. ^ab sm`m fmohö
j` im`äoralm quj `j nh, j chzm `m quj ym `j pjnä quj chfhjra. Bm cay
nhljrjbfha. Houa` quj ustjn."
"½X
"½X js èsa `a vjrnanjra lhr
lhrda
da nj Dmroab=" `j prjoubtè a`rjnjnmr
nj trjs dhbutms dás tarnj fmb jsfjpthfhsdm.
"¡Wmr supujstm!," fmbtjstö. "Vè pjrljftadjbtj `m quj jstmy ca
fhjbnm.
fhjbn m. Acä jstá j` sjfrjtm. @j js
jstmy
tmy du
duyy aor
aoranjfhnm.
anjfhnm. Quj tjboa ub iujb
näa, Dr. @hvhbostmb." X sj nhspusm a sa`hr.
"Jspjra," nhej. "Hbshstm jb cafjrtj oabar nmsfhjbtms nö`arjs." y `j
nh trjhbta y fhbfm nö`arjs.
Aohtö `a faijza. Njspuès nhem5 "Bm, bm pujnm cafjr jsm.js m. ¡Wjrm pujnm
cafjrr jstm!" X safö j` fmbtratm nj su im`sh``m, `m parthö jb nms trmzms, y dj
cafj
`ms nhm.

faijza.Fmbtè nmsfhjbtms nö`arjs y sj `ms mlrjfä, pjrm è` aohtö nj bujvm `a

"½Bm js jsm `m quj qujräas=" nhej.
"Bm."
"Jbtmbfjs, ½pmr què rmdphstj j` fmbtratm=
"Wmrquj bm sj ca `adjbtanm, shbm quj sj `m ca tmdanm ta` y fmdm
`m cuihjra cjfcm ym nj caijr jstanm jb su `uoar.
"Wjrm tj mlrjfä nmsfhjbtms nö`arjs nj dmnm jspmbtábjm, " `j nhej
hbfrjpábnm`j.
"@m sè. Wjrm j` nhbjrm bm `m js tmnm."
A`omjsjb`msuquj
acmra què vmzjbchzm quj `jquhjrjs
rja`hnan nhejra, quj
"^hjbjs
caoarazöb; bm `m js tmnm. X
pmr tä="
"Js duy ráphnm, ½bm=" nhem. "½Yja`djbtj quhjrj cafjr a`om pmr
dä="

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 168

"Vä", `j nhej, "Quhjrm, pjrm quj `m caoa m bm, njpjbnj nj `m quj
tjboas jb djbtj. "

fmb è` "@`èvjdj a `anjmlhfhba

trjs dhbutms rj`me. nj Dr. Carnhbo
Njspuès nèejdjy sm`m
näoa`jfmb
qujè`.dj
" njej cai`ar
Aohtè `a faijza y nhej, "È` js ub orab adhom däm."
"^hjbjj fhbfujbta
"^hjb fhbfu jbta añms y js ub vhjem fmrrjnmr nj im`sa," nhem j` aojbt
aojbtjj
nj `hirms.
Jsm jra vjrnanjradjbtj fhjrtm, asä quj `j ``jvè jbsjouhna a `a
mlhfhba nj Jn.
Bm mä bana dás afjrfa nj aquj` aojbtj nj `hirms. Wjrm uba tarnj,
a`oubas sjdabas njspuès, dj `m jbfmbtrè jb ub trjb nj `a sjxta avjbhna.
Vj quhtö j` smdirjrm, duy jnufanadjbtj, y ym `j njvm`vä j` sa`unm. Vj
afjrfö y dj prjoubtö, "½Què ta` jstá, Dr. @hvhbostmb=½X födm sj
jbfujbtra Dr. Carnhbo="
"Vj jbfujbtra ihjb. ½Wmr què `m prjoubta="
prjou bta=" Vjbtä quj jstaia rjsjr
vábnmsj uba chstmrha.
"@j vjbnä `hirms pmr va`mr nj nms dh` nö`arjs j` näa quj ustjn dj
``jvö a su mlhfhba."
"Bm dj ca nhfcm bubfa bana afjrfa nj jsm", nhej.
"Bm, `ms nj su f`asj bubfa cai`ab nj j``m."
"½Quhjbjs smb `ms nj su f`asj="
"Nj `ms quj bubfa
bub fa fmdjtjb
fmdjt jb jrrmrjs fuabnm
fuabn m sj trata nj da`ms
da`m s
bjomfhms. @ms nj jsa f`asj saijb `m quj quhjrjb y banhj pujnj njfhr`js
bana nhljrjbtj. Js j` thpm nj ojbtj quj jstá jnufabnm a dhs chems y
dabthjbj
@hvhbostmb.a dh
@m jspmsa
jspjraianj fuabnm
iujb cudmr.
rjfcafèDj`mschzm ub orabnö`arjs
nmsfhjbtms lavmr, quj
Dr.
ustjn jstaia tab njsjmsm nj mlrjfjrdj."
"½X què cairäa pasanm sh Dr. Carnhbo bm `j cuihjra cjfcm ub
pjnhnm="
"Mc, pjrm ym saiäa quj `m caräa. Xm ya caiäa njsfuihjrtm què thpm
 nj cmdirj jra. Jra mivhm."
"Vä, pjrm ½y sh bm `j cuihjra fmdpranm bhboõb `hirm= Hbshstä.
"Cairäa
"Cair äa vuj`tm a ustjn y `j cai
cairäa
räa vjbnhnm
vjbnh nm a`om.
a`om . Quj tjboa
tjb oa ub iujb
näa Dr. @hvhbo
@h vhbostmb
stmb.. \my a vjr a` a`fa`nj".
a`fa`n j". X sj `jvabtö
`jvab tö y aiabnmbö
aiabn mbö j` trjb
jb Wark W`afj.

cmdirj"Jspjrm quj `j vjbna nhjz fm`jffhmbjs, " nhej. Vu sjñmräa luj ub

nj ^addaby.

1>7 Yjfujrnmss nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Yjfujrnm
"Xm tadihèb smy rjpui`hfabm," nhem, y sa`hö, bm ráphnadjbtj, shbm
fmb trabquh`hnan, sjourm nj quj j` trjb jspjraräa. X jspjrö.
Cj fmbtanm jsta chstmrha fmb tabtms njta`
njta``js,
`js, pmrquj
pmr quj fmbfhjrbj
fmbf hjrbj a ub
cmdirj rjdarfai`j, quj dj chzm fmdprar `m quj ym bm njsjaia fmdprar.
Luj j` prhdjr cmdirj quj dj chzm a`om asä. Bubfa njihö nj caijr ub
sjoubnm,
sjou bnm, pjrm `m cuim
cuim.. Bubfa
Bu bfa sj pujnj fmbtar ffmb
mb j` cjfcm nj sjr ub iujb
vjbnjnmr m fmb `a fmdp`jta hbdubhzafhöb nj fua`quhjr hbl`ujbfha nj
pjrsmba`hnan.
Fuabnm Wjrfy ^cmdas aiabnmbö dh mlhfhba, njspuès nj quj ym
rjfcazara nj lmrda jnufana, pjrm njlhbhthva, su mljrta nj lmrdar uba
a`habza, ym cairäa euranm quj bujstrms sjbnjrms jb `ms bjomfhms bubfa sj
fruzaräab. Bh shquhjra jstaia sjourm nj vm`vjr a vjr`j nj bujvm. Wjrm j`
näa shouhjbtj dj jsfrhihö uba farta aoranjfhèbnmdj dh mljrta nj ayuna
j hbvhtábnmdj a hr a vjr`j. Fmbtjstè quj `m caräa. È` jsfrhihö nj bujvm.
Njspuès ym `j ``adè pmr tj`èlmbm.
Jdpjfè
Jdpj fè a vjr`j duy a djbunm.
djbu nm. Wara dä jra ub orab orab p`afjr
jsfufcar`j, ¡saiäa tabtm y jxprjsaia sus fmbmfhdhjbtms nj ub dmnm tab
hbtjrjsabtj! Frjm quj js j` cmdirj dás daobèthfm quj cj fmbmfhnm.
Cai`adms nj dufcas fmsas, pmrquj è` js ub cmdirj quj `jj
dufcm, quj thjbj ub orab fmbmfhdhjbtm nj dufcms tjdas y quj pmsjj ub
nmb jspjfha` para ojbjra`hzar nj dmnm hbtjrjsabtj. @a saihnuräa nj su
`jbouaej fausa hdprjshöb; y su frjnhih`hnan js andhrai`j. Caiäa mhnm a
dufcas pjrsmbas afusar a Wjrfy ^cmdas nj dufcas fmsas, hbf`uyjbnm
la`ta nj shbfjrhnan, pjrm a vjfjs dj prjoubtm sh jsa orab vjrmshdh`htun
bm prmfjnjrá nj` cjfcm nj quj sj fmbvjbfj a sh dhsdm casta ta` pubtm,
quj ``joa a anquhrhr ub orab pmnjr para fmbvjfjr a `ms mtrms.
Wmr supujstm, cai`adms
cai `adms nj tjdas nj` djrfanm nj lmrda ojbjra`. Bm
jstaia jb shtuafhöb a`fhsta fmb j` a`omnöb, pjrm è` sä. Xm bm pmnäa vjr j`
`anm a`fhsta, pjrm è` sä. Wusm smirj j` dabtj` tabtms cjfcms y fhlras, quj
ym dj njijräa caijr sjbthnm mlusfanm, pjrm bm luj asä. Bm pmnäa
bjoar`as, pmrquj bm pmnäa bjoar su autjbthfhnan, pjrm bm dj apartarmb
nj dhs frjjbfhas jb `m quj ym caiäa aprjbnhnm pmr dh dhsdm. Wjrm è`
shouhö jb j``m, casta quj njeè nj sjbthrdj sjourm nj dh prmpha hblmrda
fhöb, `a hblmrdafhöb
shobhlhfaia quj ymjstai`jfjr
quj bm pmnäa mitjbäa nj`a tmnms `ms pjrhönhfms
shtuafhöb nharhms.
nj` djrfanm fmb Jsm
dhs
prmphms mems. Bm sj pujnj fmbvjbfjr a ub cmdirj jb fmbtra nj sus
prmphas fmbvhffhmbjs, pjrm sj `j pujnj ``jvar a ub jstanm nj hbfjrthnud-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpj
mpjranmr
ranmr nj affhmbjs
af fhmbjs 1>1
irj j hbnjfhshöb, quj js hbf`usm pjmr, pmrquj jsm shobhlhfa quj ya bm
pujnj mpjrar fmb sjourhnan y fmdmnhnan.
Bm pujnm njfhr quj dj chfj ub `äm, jxaftadjbtj
jxaft adjbtj,, pjrm sä quj pjrnä
dh pmshfhöb; m dás ihjb, njej nj ``jvar a faim dhs prmphas rjl`jxhmbjs.
Bm pujnm nar njta``js
njta` `js smirj
smir j `ms nhvjrsms
nhvjrs ms pasms a travè
travèss nj `ms quj a`fabf
a`fabfèè
j` jstanm djbta`, quj dj hia a fmstar tab farm. Frjm quj luj su sjourhnan
abtj `a prjfhshöb nj sus fhlras, quj jrab jxf`ushvadjbtj suyas, y `a pmfa
lhaih`hnan nj `as däas, quj bm jrab jxf`ushvadjbtj däas, shbm quj jrab
prmphjnan
prmphjn an põi`hfa. È` cafäa èblashs jb `a njdmstrana
njdmstra na lhaih`
lhaih`hnan
hnan nj su
suss
nhjz dh` fmrrjspmbsa`js fm`mfanms jb j` sur. A` lhba`, tjrdhbè pmr
hbtjrprjtar `as fmbnhfhmbjs nj` dhsdm dmnm quj è`, pmrquj jstáiadms
`ms nms `jyjbnm `a dhsda páohba nj` dhsdm `hirm, quj è` smstjbäa nj`abtj
nj dhs mems. È` tjbäa uba djbtj `öohfa. Zba vjz quj afjptè sus cjfcms,
jra mivhm quj dhs prmphas fmbf`ushmbjs, njrhvanas nj sus cjfcms,
jstaräab nj afujrnm fmb `as suyas.
Fuabnm
Fuab nm fmdjbzö a cai`
cai`ardj
ardj nj `a shtuafhöb nj` a`omnöb,
a`omnö b, ym bm sm`m
jstaia jb shtuafhöb iaehsta, shbm quj anjdás jstaia a fmrtm jb j` djrfanm.
Oranua`djbtj, a djnhna quj fmdjbfè a afjptar sus cjfcms y sus fhlras,
jdpjfè a tjdjr quj caiäa jstanm iasabnm dh pmshfhöb hbtjrhmr jb da`a
hblmrdafhöb. Wmr supujstm,
su pujstm, bm pmnäa sjbthrdj nj jsj dmnm y bm pmbjrdjpmbjrd j a
fuihjrtm.
fuih jrtm. X uba vjvjzz quj fuirä, pmrquj
pmrqu j ^cmdas dj chzm pjbsar quj jstaia
jquhvm
jqu hvmfanm
fanm,, bm dj pjbsè nms vjfjs `a pmshih`hnan nj hr a `arom. Asä js fmdm
lubfhmba dh djbtj.
Bm cj cjfcm bana jb `a vhna, apartj nj hbvjrthr jb va`mrjs y
djrfabfäa
djrf abfäas.
s. X batura
batura`djbt
`djbtj,j, phjbsm quj sh bm js fmrrjft
fmrrjftmm jstar a `a iaea,
`m fmrrjftm njij sjr jstar a` a`za. X sh `m fmrrjftm js jstar a` a`za, js
jvhnjbtj quj cay quj fmdprar. ^a` y fmdm dh vhjem adhom nj Wa`d
Ijafc njfäa quj Wa^ Cjarbj sm`äa alhrdar, "Bm sj pujnj njfhr casta quj
bm sj apujsta!" Njim fmdprmiar sh jstmy jb `a pmshfhöb anjfuana m bm;
y `as prujias sö`m sj pujnjb `jjr jb `as njf`arafhmbjs nj dhs fmrrjnmrjs
 a lhba` nj djs.
Fmdjbfè
Fmdjb fè a fmdpr
fmdprar
ar a`omnöb, y ráphnjdjbtj
ráphn jdjbtj fmbs
fmbsjouä
jouä dh `äbja,
a`rjnjnmr nj sjsjbta dh` affhmbjs. Luj j` eujom dás jstõphnm nj tmna dh
farrjra. Jb vjz nj dabtjbjr m fajr pmr dhs prmphas misjrvafhmbjs y
njnuffhmbjs
njnuf fhmbjs,, `m õbhfm quj jstaia cafhjbnm
cafhjb nm jra
jra euoa
euoarr a` euj
eujom
om nj mtrm. X
jra jvhnjbtj quj dhs eujoms tmbtms bm tjrdhbaräab fmb sö`m jsm. Bm sm`m
caiäa fmdpranm fuabnm bm tjbäa bhboõb sjbthnm jstar a` a`za, sh bm quj,

1>99
1> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

anj dás,, bm caiäa afudu

anjdás afudu`anm
`anm dh `äbja nj afujrnm fmb j` fmbm
fmbmfhdhjb
fhdhjbtm
tm nj
`a jxpjrhjbfha. Bm jstaia mpjrabnm ihjb. Caiäa jsfufcanm, y acmra
jstaia pjrnhnm.
J` djrfanm bm hia jb dh nhrjffhöb. Bubfa tjbom dhjnm m jstmy
hdpafhjbtj fuabnm jstmy sjourm nj dh pmshfhöb. Wjrm j` djrfanm bm aftõa
ia fmdm njiäa cafjr`m, sh ^cmdas
^cmda s cuihjra tjbhnm razöb
razöb.. ^ras caijr nanm
j` prhdjr da` pasm, nh j` sjoubnm y j` tjrfjrm y, pmr supujstm, dj ``jbè
nj iarrm.
Bm sm`m dj njeè fmbvjbfjr nj bm tmdar dh pèrnhna, shbm, anjdás,
nj dabtjbjr j` djrfanm. Jstj jsth`m nj eujom js aejbm a dh batura`jza y
fmbtrarhm a dhs prhbfhphms y tjmräas nj mpjrafhöb. @m caiäa cjfcm djemr
jb `a èpmfa nj `ms iufkjt-scmps. Wjrm acmra bm jra ym dhsdm. Jra mtrm
cmdirj, uba pjrsmba ^cmdathzana.
Bmuba
``jvabnm sm`mlujrtj
jstaia`äbja
a `arom fmb j`Jsm
nj trhom. a`omnöb, shbm quj, anjdás,
hia pjrljftadjbtj y dj jstaia
jstaia
dmstrabnm ub orab ijbjlhfhm. Dhs tmbtms jslujrzms nj rjlmrzar j` a`omnöb
caiäab hbfrjdjbtanm dh `äbja casta a`fabzar `a fabthnan nj fhjbtm
fhbfujbta dh` affhmbjs. Njim njfhr quj ya, jb aquj` dmdjbtm, bm dj
sjbtäa duy ihjb. Bm nhom jstm para jxfusardj, shbm para njear f`arm ub
cjfcm. Yjfujrnm quj dj tras`anè a Iayscmrj para njsfabsar.
Dhjbtras jstuvj acä, dj njnhquè a pjbsar. Dj parjfhö quj dhs
fmdprmdhsms jspjfu`athvms jrab njdashanm orabnjs. Bm smy tädhnm,
bmrda`djbtj
bmrda` djbtj,, pjrm fmdjbfè a sjbthrdj bjrvhms
bjrvhmsmm y jsm chzm quj a`hojrara
`a faroa. Wara cafjr jstm njiäa `hijrardj nj` a`omnöb m nj` trhom.
Warjfj hbfrjäi`j quj, fmbmfh
fmbmfhjbnm
jbnm j` euj
eujom
om tab ihjb fmdm `m
fmbmfäa y fmb `a jxpjrhjbfha nj nmfj m fatmrfj añms nj jspjfu`afhöb jb
va`mrjs y djrfabfäas, chfhjra prjfhsadjbtj `m quj bm tjbäa quj cafjr. J`
a`omnöb dj dmströ uba pèrnhna y `a dabtuvj. J` trhom dj dmströ uba
oababfha y `m vjbnä.
Luj ub eujo
eujomm vjrnanjradjbtj tmbtm, pjr
pjrmm tmnm `m quj pujnm njfhr
a dh lavmr, js quj bm sj trataia nj dh lmrda nj mpjrar, shbm nj `a nj
^cmdas. Jbtrj tmnas `as` as patmfcanas jspjfu`athvas, `a daymr js tratar
nj cafjr `a djnha jb ub eujom nj pèrnhnas. Dh mpjrafhöb fmb j` a`omnöb
`m njdmströ ub pmfm dás tarnj. \jbna shjdprj `m quj `j dujstrj uba
pèrnhna y dabtjboa `m quj `j dujstra uba oababfha. Mivhadjbtj, jsm
jra `m dás hbtj`ho
hbtj`hojbtj
jbtj quj sj pmnä
pmnäaa cafjr, y jra anjdás
anjd ás a`om tab fmbmfhnm
quj tmnaväa cmy
cmy dj daravh`
daravh``m
`m pmr caijr cjfcm jxaftadjbtj `m fmbtrarhm
fmbtrarhm..

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1>6

Asä quj vjbnä j` trhom, y fmb j``m afmrtè dhs ijbjlhfhms. ^ras
vjbnjr, j` prjfhm suihö shb
shb parar a ``aa vj`mfhnan
vj`mfhnan nj vjhbtj
vjhbtj fèbthdms j`
iuscj`. Vh `m cuihjra dabtjbhnm dj cairäa prmpmrfhba
prmpmrfhbanm
nm uba oababfha nj
mfcm dh``mbjs
pèrnhna, fmdprènj dás
nö`arjs. ¡X fuabnm njfhnä sjou
a`omnöb! sjouhr
hr fm
fmbb `a prmpmshfhöb nj
Yjfujrnm, f`aradjbtj, quj fana näa fmdpraia dás a`omnöb. ½X
pmr què frjj quj `m fmdpraia= ¡Wara jvhtar quj j` prjfhm iaeara! Vh jsm
bm js sjr supjrhnhmta, ½què js=. Dj njnhquè a pmbjr dás y dás nhbjrm,
dás nhbjrm para pjrnjr, pmr supujstm. Dhs fmrrjnmrjs y dhs adhoms
äbthdms bm pmnäab jbtjbnjr`m; y tmnaväa cmy bm `m jbthjbnjb. Wmr
supujstm, sh `a mpjrafhöb cuihjra rjsu`tanm nj mtra dabjra, cairäa shnm
uba daravh``a. Dás nj uba vjz sj dj afmbsjeö bm lhardj njdashanm nj
`ms irh``abtjs abá`hshs nj Wjrfy ^cmdas. Bm chfj bhboõb fasm, y sjouä
fmdprabnm a`omnöb para jvhtar quj j` prjfhm iaeara. Hbf`usm fmdprè
a`omnöb
abtjs nj jb @hvjrpmm`.
nardj Afudu`è
fujbta nj `m quj fuatrmfhjbtas fuarjbta
jstaia cafhjbnm. dh` affhmbjs
X jbtmbfjs luj ya
njdashanm tarnj. Asä quj `hquhnè `a `äbja.
Wjrnä fash tmnm `m quj caiäa oabanm jb dhs abtjrhmrjs mpjrafhmbjs
fmb va`mrjs y djrfabfäas. Bm jstaia tmta`djbtj arruhbanm, pjrm tjbäa
dufcms djbms fhjbtms nj dh`js nj nö`arjs, quj dh``mbjs tjbäa fuabnm
fmbmfä a dh irh``abtj adhom Wjrfy ^cmdas. Wara dä, j` cjfcm nj vhm`ar
`as `jyjs quj `a jxpjrhjbfha dj caiäa jbsjñanm a misjrvar, para pmnjr
``joar a` èxhtm, jra dufcm dás quj uba hnhmtjz.
J` cjfcm nj aprjbnjr quj ub cmdirj pujnj ``jvar a faim aftuafhm
bjs aisurnas, shb bhboõb thpm nj razöb, luj uba va`hmsa `jffhöb. Dj fmstö

dh``mbjs aprjbnjr
susfjpthih`hnan abtj quj mtrm pj`hormsm jbjdhom
`as rjfmdjbnafhmbjs nj` mpjranmr
nj uba pjrsmba`hnan js su
daobèth
fa jxprjsana fmb fmbvhffhöb pmr uba djbtj irh``abtj. Vhb jdiarom,
shjdprj dj ca parjfhnm, quj tadihèb cairäa aprjbnhnm duy ihjb `a
`jffhöb sh sö`m dj cuihjra fmstanm ub dh``öb. Wjrm j` njsthbm bm shjdprj
 tj pjrdhtj lhear `a tarhla nj aprjbnhzaej. J` njsthbm jbtrjoa su datjrha`
jnufafhmba` y prjsjbta su prmpha laftura, saihjbnm quj `a vas a paoar, sja
fua` sja `a fabthnan. ^ras aprjbnjr `m tmbtm quj pmnäa ``joar a sjr, pusj
fhjrrj a jsj hbfhnjbtj. Wjrfy ^cmdas sa`hö nj dh vhna.
Acä jstaia, fmb dás nj bujvj nèfhdms nj dh faphta`, fmdm Ehd
Lhsk sm`äa njfhr,
njfhr, njsaparjfhnms fmb j` vhjbtm, jdpjñanm. Caiäa shnm
shnm dh
``mbarhm nurabtj djbms nj ub añm. @ms dh``mbjs `ms caiäa cjfcm

1>> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

uth`hzabnm dh fjrjirm, y fmb ayuna nj `a sujrtj. @ms caiäa pjrnhnm

hbvhbhjbnm j` prmfjsm. \jbnä dhs nms yatjs, y jra djbms jxtravaoabtj jb
dh dmnm nj vhna.
Wjrm aquj` om`pj bm luj sulhfhjbtj. @a sujrtj jstaia jb dh fmbtra.
Dj jblrjbtè prhdjrm a `a jbljrdjnan y njpuès a `a urojbtj bjfjshnan nj
nmsfhjbtms dh` nö`arjs jb jljfthvm. Cafäa sm`m ubms djsjs, jsa fhlra bm
cairäa shobhlhfanm bana jb aism`utm; pjrm acmra jra fash tmnm `m quj
qujnaia nj dh lmrtuba. ^jbäa quj fmbsjouhr j` nhbjrm y `a prjoubta jra5
½Nöbnj `m hia a fmbsjouhr= Bm qujräa pjnärsj`m a dhs fmrrjnmrjs, pmrquj
sh `m cafäa dj qujnaräa duy pmfm darojb para dhs mpjrafhmbjs; y
bjfjshtaia lafh`hnanjs mpjrathvas dás quj bubfa, sh qujräa vm`vjr a
rjfupjrar `ms dh``mbjs ráphnadjbtj. Vö`m caiäa uba a`tjrbathva, ¡y fmb
shstäa jb mitjbjr`m nj` djrfanm nj va`mrjs!.

mlhfhbas¡Whjbsa jb j``m!jstarás
nj fmdhshöb, Vh saijs dufcm fmbdhom
nj afujrnm smirj j` jbf`hjbtj
quj `adjnhm nj `as
jspjrabza nj
cafjr quj j` djrfanm paouj `a laftura js `a dás prm`älhfa sujrtj nj
pèrnhnas nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Fmbsjouhrás tmnm `m quj quhjras sh tj aljrras a
tus njtjrdhbafhmbjs.
Jb `a mlhfhba nj Carnhbo, ub hbvhjrbm, ub pjqujñm orupm nj pjfjs
omrnms sj oastö trjhbta m fuarjbta dh` nö`arjs jb ub airhom, y bhboubm nj
j``ms vhvhö para ``jvar`m. Mfurrhö tadihèb quj ub hdpmrtabtj mpjranmr nj
parquè njsnj quj sj caiäa cjfcm dubnha`djbtj ladmsm, vjbäa a` jnhlhfhm
nj `a im`sa ``jvabnm ub airhom nj phj`js
phj`j s lmrranm fmb phj
phj`` nj but
butrha
rha darhba.
Jb aquj``ms thjdpms,
thjdp ms, abtjs nj quj `ms prjfhms nj `a `ass phj`js suihjrab cascasta
ta
j` tjfcm, jsj airhom jstaia va`mranm jb sö`m nhjz dh` nö`arjs. Wujs ihjb,
ubm nj `ms dufcafcms nj `a mlhfhba nj Carnhbo, Imi Kjmwb, njfhnhö
fmdprarsj ub airhom rjvjsthnm nj phj` rusa. \hm ubm jb `a fhunan. J`
prjfhm jra fash j` dhsdm, nhjz dh` nö`arjs.
"Jsm js ub dmbtöb nj nhbjrm
nhb jrm,"
," miejtö ubm nj `ms du dufca
fcafcm
fcms.s.
 ¡Mc, ihjb, ihjb! andhthö Imi Kjmwb adhoai`jdjbtj. Fash j`
sa`arhm nj nms sjdabas
sjd abas,, a djbms quj vmsmtrms
vmsmtrm s fchfms dj `m qujráhs rjoa`ar
r joa`ar
fmdm ub pjqujñm, pjrm shbfjrm, njta``j nj `a jsthda jb quj tjbèhs a`
cmdirj dás jxfj`jbtj nj `a mlhfhba. ½Jstmy myjbnm j` nhsfursm nj
prjsjbtafhöb= ½bm= Duy ihjb.¡ Njearè quj dj `m fmdprj j` djrfanm nj
va`mrjs!
"½Wmr què quhjrjs ub airhom nj phj` nj sai`j=" prjoubtö Jn
Carnhbo.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj aff

affhmbjs
hmbjs 1>:
"Wmrquj dj qujnaräa duy ihjb, " rjp`hfö Imi.
"½X födm nhehstj quj `m hias a paoar=" prjoubtö Ehd Durpcy, quj
jra iusfa prmbösthfms jstrj``a nj `a mlhfhba.
"Fmb
fmdm `m vmyuba anjfuana
a paoar," hbvjrshöb
rjspmbnhö Imi,njquj
faráftjr
saiäa tjdpmra`, Eadjs.
quj `m õbhfm Asä js
quj qujräa
Durpcy jra ub prmbösthfm.
X pmr supujstm, Ehddy prjoubtö, "½què affhmbjs vas a fmdprar="
"Jquhvmfanm fmdm shjdprj, adhom. Bm js dmdjbtm nj fmdprar
bana. Wrmpmbom vjbnjr fhbfm dh` Vtjj`. \a a iaear a` djbms nhjz pubtms.
Vö`m tmdarè nms pubtms y djnhm bjtms. Iastabtj fmbsjrvanmr ½bm="
"½Què cas mhnm smirj j` tjda=" prjoubtö Durpcy fmb absha. Jra
ub cmdirj a`tm, nj pj`m bjorm y aspjftm jblananm, njihnm a su fmstudirj
nj bm sa`hr bubfa a fmdjr, pmr dhjnm a pjrnjrsj a`om nj `a fhbta.
"Cj mhnm quj j` airhom js `m quj cj p`abjanm mitjbjr." Vj vm`vhö
cafha
!Cmy, Carnhbo
farhñm!" y nhem, "Jn, vjbnj fhbfm dh` Z.V. Vtjj` jb j` djrfanm
Jstj Imi jra ub apmstanmr, y `j oustaia cafjr fmdjbtarhms orafhmsms.
Jra su lmrda
lmrda nj cafjr saijr a` dubnm quj tjbäa bjrvhms nj afjrm. \jbnhö
fhbfm dh` affhmbjs nj Vtjj`, y j` va`mr suihö ráphnadjb
ráphnadjbtj.tj. X fmdm bm jra
bh `a dhtan nj tmbtm nj `m quj parjfäa fuabnm cai`aia, Imi njtuvm su
pèrnhna jb ub pubtm y djnhm y bms fmbljsö quj j` f`hda nj Bujva Xmrk
jra njdashanm fa`urmsm para ``jvar airhoms nj phj`. Jrab pmfm sa`unai`js
y mstjbtmsms.
mstjbtms ms. J` rjstm nj `ms dufcafcms sj dml dmlöö nj è`. Wjrm bm pa pasö
sö
dufcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj ubm nj j``ms fmdprara Zbhmb Wafhlhf para
paoar j` airhom. Wjrnhö dh` mfcmfhjbtms
mfcm fhjbtms nö`arjs y nhe
nhemm quj `a phj` nj sai`j
jstaia
j`jdjbtmduy qujihjb
hiapara `as duejrjs,
a ``jvar ub cmdirj pjrm bm paraj hbtj`hojbtj.
dmnjstm `a partj hbtjrhmr nj ub
^ras jstm, ubm tras mtrm,
m trm, tmnms `ms dufcafcms hbtjbtarmb cafjr
cafjr quj j`
djrfanm paoara j` airhom.
airh om. Zb näa nhej quj `m hia a fmdprar
fmdprar para jvhtar quj
`a mlhfhba
mlhfhba sj lujr
lujraa a `a quhjira. Wjrm tmnms nhejrmb quj bm jra duy nnjpmrthvm,
jpmrthvm,
 quj sh qujräa j` airhom para dä, njiäa njear quj j` djrfanm dj `m nhjra.
Jn Carnhbo aprmiö dh hnja y jsa dhsda tarnj luluhh a` pj`jtjr
pj`jtjrmm a fmdpr
fmdprar`m.
ar`m.
Njsfuirä quj ub cmdirj nj Fchfaom `m caiäa fmdpranm uba sjdaba
abtjs.
Jsj js j` fasm. Bm cay ub sm`m cmdirj jb _a`` Vtrjjt quj bm caya
pjrnhnm nhbjrm tratabnm nj cafjr quj j` djrfanm paoara ub autmdövh`,
ub iraza`jtj,
iraza`jt j, uba `abfca m ub fuanrm. Vj pmnräa fmbstruhr ub cmsphta` fm
fmbb

1>< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

tmnms `ms rjoa`ms nj fudp`jañms quj j` rmñmsm djrfanm nj va`mrjs sj ca
bjoanm a paoar. Nj cjfcm, frjm quj nj tmnas
tmn as `as oababfhas nj _a`` Vtrjjt,
`a hbtjbfhöb nj cafjr quj j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs caoa nj cana danrhba,
js `a dás pjrshstjbtj.
A` houa` quj tmnms `ms vjrnanjrms vunõs,
vunõs , èstj thjbj su razöb nj sjr.
½Què js `m quj cafj ub cmdirj fuabnm hbtjbta quj j` djrfanm `j paouj
uba bjfjshnan rjpjbthba= @m quj cafj js tjbjr jspjrabza. Eujoa, sj
arrhjsoa. Wmr `m tabtm, fmrrj rhjsoms dufcm dás orabnjs nj `ms quj
fmrrjräa sh jspjfu`ara hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj, nj afujrnm fmb sus mphbhmbjs m
frjjbfhas a `ms quj ca ``joanm nj dmnm `öohfm, tras ub jstunhm nj `as
fmbnhfhmbjs suiyafjbtjs. Wara jdpjzar, iusfa ub ijbjlhfhm hbtjrdjnhm.
Bm sj pujnj pjrdhthr j` `uem nj jspjrar. Vh js quj j` djrfanm sj pmrta ihjb
fmb è`, njijrá cafjr`m hbdjnhatadjbtj. A`unj quj `m õbhfm quj quhjrj
jdp`azar js uba apujstasja,,
fmrrhjbnm ráphnadjbtj,m bhvj`ana.
njtjbjr Fmdm jstájbprjparanm
`a pèrnhna para
nms pubtms, sa`hr
fuabnm
tmnm `m quj jspjra cafjr js nms pubtms, sj airaza a `a la`afha nj quj sj
jstá arrhjsoabnm a` fhbfujbta pmr fhjbtm. Wujs ihjb, cj fmbmfhnm dufcms
cmdirjs quj cab pjrnhnm dh`js nj nö`arjs jb ta`js mpjrafhmbjs, parthfu
`ardjbtj jb fmdpras jljftuanas a `a a`tura nj djrfanm a`fhsta, eustm
abtjs nj uba rjaffhöb dmnjrana. Njsnj `ujom, èst
èstjj bm js dmnm nj mpjrar.
Ihjb, jb dh farrjra fmdm mpjranmr nj affhmbjs luj jsta fjshöb `a
omta quj fm`dö j` vasm. Dj njrrmtö. Wjrnä `m pmfm quj dj caiäa njeanm
dh mpjrafhöb fmb
fmb j` a`omnöb. Dj chzm hbf`usm dás nañm, pmrquj ym sjouä
mpjrabnm,
mpjrabn
lhba`, m, y pjrnhjbnm.
tjbnräa Vjouäa pjbsabnm
quj prmpmrfhmbardj qquj
uj lujrza.
nhbjrm, pmr j` djrfanm
Wjrm nj va`mrjs,
va`mr js,
j` õbhfm a`
lhba`
a `a vhsta
vhsta,, jra j` lhba
lhba`` nj dhs rjfu
rjfursms
rsms.. Dj pusj jb njuna, bm sm`m fmb d dhs
hs
prhbfhpa`js fmrrjnmrjs, shbm tadihèb fmb a`oubms mtrms quj afjptarmb
dhs bjomfhms shb pmbjr ub darojb anjfuanm. Bm sö`m tuvj njunas
jbtmbfjs, shbm quj sjouä jb njuna nj acä jb anj`abtj.
 SHHH
Acä jstaia nj bujvm jb `a ruhba, quj ya jra iastabtj da`m, pjrm jra dufcm
pjmr caijr jstanm jquhvmfanm jb `as mpjrafhmbjs. Jstaia jbljrdm, bjr
vhmsm, aljftanm y jra hbfapaz nj razmbar fmb fa`da. M sja, jstaia jb ub
jstanm djbta` jb j` quj bhboõb mpjranmr njijräa jstar fuabnm jstá
mpjrabnm.
^mnm dj hia da`. Nj cjfcm,
cjfcm , jstaia jdpjzabnm
jdpjzab nm a pjbsar quj bubfa
rjfupjraräa j` sjbthnm nj `a prmpmrfhöb quj caiäa pjrnhnm. Caihèbnmdj
afmstudiran
afmstu diranmm a orabnjs `äb
`äbjas,
jas, nhoadms
nho adms,, dás nj fhjb dh` affhmbjs nj ub
va`mr, tjdäa bm pmnjr tjbjr njdashanm euhfhm a` mpjrar a pjqujña jsfa`a.
Bm parjfj sjr nj orab va`mr j` cjfcm nj jstar jb `a shtuafhöb fmrrjfta,
fuabnm tmnm `m quj ``jvas smb fhjb affhmbjs nj ub va`mr. ^ras afmstud
irardj
irar dj a tmdar ijbjlhfhms nj uba `äbja orabnj bm jstaia sjourm
sjou rm nj saijr
fuábnm tmdar dhs ijbjlhfhms jb uba `äbja pjqujña. Bm pujnm njsfrhihr
tmnm `m njsardanm quj dj sjbtäa.
Jb `a ruhba nj bu
bujvm
jvm j hbfapaz
hbf apaz nj asudhr `a mljbshva fmb va`mr. ¡Jb
njuna y jquhvmfanm
jquhvm fanm!! ^ras tmnms aquj``ms añms nj èxhtm, dhthoanms pmr `ms
 jrrmrjs quj dj caiäab sjrvhnm
sjrv hnm para prjparardj
prjparard j j` fadhbm para ub èxhtm
daymr, jstaia acmra dufcm pjmr quj fuabnm jdpjfj jb `ms iufkjt-
scmps. Caiäa aprjbnhnm dufcas fmsas smirj j` eujom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb,
pjrm bm caiäa aprjbnhnm tabtm
ta btm smirj j` eujom
euj om nj `a njih`hnan cudaba. Bm
cay bhbouba djbtj sulhfhjbtjdjbtj djfábhfa, fmdm para quj sj pujna
fmblhar jb quj lubfhmbj fmb `a dhsda jlhfafha jb fua`quhjr dmdjbtm.
Acmra caiäa aprjbnhnm
aprjbnhn m quj bm pmnäa jvhtar quj dj aljftarab
aljftarab `ms cmdir
cmdirjs
js
y `as njsvjbturas.

1>?

1>3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

@a pèrnhna nj nhbjrm bubfa dj ca prjmfupanm jb aism`utm. Wjrm

mtrms prmi`jdas sä. Jstunhè dh njsastrj jb prmlubnhnan y pmr supujstm
bm tuvj bhbouba nhlhfu`tan jb ca``ar jb nmbnj caiha cjfcm j` tmbtm.
Jbfmbtrè
Jbfmbt rè j` thjdp
thjdpmm y j` `uoar jxaftm Zb cmdirj njij fmbmffmbmfjrsj
jrsj jb
prmlubnhnan sh njsja safar iujb parthnm nj `ms djrfanms jspjfu`athvms.
@`joar a fmbmfjr tmnm `m quj jra fapaz nj cafjr jb ub arrjiatm nj `mfura,
luj
luj ub orab pasm jnuf
jnufafhmb
afhmba`.
a`.
A`oubas vjfjs phjbsm quj, jb j` fasm nj `ms jspjfu`anmrjs,
bhboubm nj `ms prjfhms quj tjboab quj paoar, js njdashanm a`tm, shjdprj
quj jstm jvhtj quj sj vuj`va ub faijza cujfa. Dufcms nj `ms orabnjs
jrrmrjs fmdjthnms, pmr cmdirjs irh``abtjs, sj pujnjb atrhiuhr a `a faiaza
cujfa, uba jbljrdjnan fara jb tmnms `ms shthms y para tmnas `as pjrs
pjrsmbas,
mbas,
pjrm dufcm dás jspjfha`djbtj jb _a`` Vtrjjt, y para ub jspjfu`anmr.
Bm jra lj`hz jb Bujva Xmrk, shbthèbnmdj fmdm dj sjbtäa. Bm
qujräa mpjrar, pmrquj bm jstaia jb fmbnhfhmbjs nj cafjr`m. Njfhnä
darfcardj y iusfar j` faphta` jb a`oõb mtrm `anm. J` fadihm nj pahsaej
pmnräa ayunardj a jbfmbtrardj a dh dhsdm nj bujvm, pjbsè. Asä quj,
uba vjz dás, njeè Bujva Xmrk, njrrmtan
njrrmtanmm pmr j` euj
eujom
om nj `a jspjfu
jspjfu`afhöb
`afhöb..
Jstaia dás quj arruhbanm, ya quj njiäa dás nj fhjb dh` nö`arjs jbtrj
varhms fmrrjnmrjs.
Luh a Fchfaom, y a``ä jbfmbtrè faphta`. Bm jra ub faphta` duy
suistabfhmsm, pjrm jsm shobhlhfaia quj sö`m bjfjshtaia ub pmfm dás para
vm`vjr a rjfupjrar dh lmrtuba. Zba fasa fmb `a quj caiäa cjfcm bjomfhm
bjo mfhms,
s,
tjbäa
trar`m ljpjrdhthèbnmdj
jb dh caih`hnan fmdmjbmpjranmr,
mpjrar su mlhfhbay ajstaiab nhspujstms
pjqujña jsfa`a. a njdms
Fmdjbfè duy fmbsjrvanmradjbtj
fmbsjrvan mradjbtj.. Bm sè `m quj cairäa fmbsjouh
nm sh dj cuihjra qujnanm a``ä. Wjrm uba nj `as dás rjdarfai`js chstmrhas
nj dh farrjra hbtjrrudphö dh jstabfha jb Fchfaom. Js uba chstmrha fash
hbfrjhi`j.
 Zb näa rjfhiä ub tj`jorada nj @ufhus ^ufkjr. @j caiäa fmbmfhnm
fuabnm è` jra dabaojr nj uba lhrda nj im`sa a `a quj caiäa nanm a vjfjs
a`oubms bjomfhms, pjrm caiäa pjrnhnm su phsta. J` tj`jorada njfäa5

\jb a Bujva Xmrk hbdjnhatadjbtj.

@. ^ufkjr.
J` saiäa a travès
travès nj adho
adhoms
ms fmdu
fmdubjs
bjs,, fua` jra dh shtuaf
shtuafhöb,
höb, y pmr `m tabtm
jstaia f`arm quj jsfmb
jsfmbnäa
näa a`om nji
njiaem
aem nj `a daboa. A` dhsddhsdmm thjdp
thjdpmm bm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1>8

tjbäa nhbjrm sulhfhjbtj, fmdm para pjrdhthrdj j` `uem nj ub vhaej
hbbjfjsarhm a Bujva Xmrk
Xmrk ; pmr jsm, jb vjz nj cafj
cafjrr `m quj dj pjnäa, dj
pusj jb fmbtaftm tj`jlöbhfm fmb è`.
"Cj rjfhihnm
"Vhobhlhfa qujtuub
tj`jorada," nhej. "½Què
orab iabqujrm nj Bujvashobhlhfa="
Xmrk quhjrj vjrtj,"
rjspmbnhö.
"½Quhèb js=" prjoubtè. Bm dj pmnäa hdaohbar quhjb sjräa.
"^j `m nhrè fuabnm vjboas a Bujva
Bujva Xmrk."
Xmr k."
"½Nhfjs
"½Nhf js quj quhjrj vjrdj="
vjr dj="
"Jbb jljftm."
"J
"½Vmirj què="
"^j `m nhrá è` jb pjrsmba sh `j nas uba mpmrtubhnan," nhem @ufhus.
"½Bm dj pujnjs jsfrhihr="
"Bm."
"Jbtmbfjs nhdj a`om dás,"
dás, " nhej.
"Bm quhjr
quhjrm."
m."
"Dhra @ufhus," nhej, "nhdj jstm tab sm`m5 ½js èstj ub vhaej aisur
nm="
"Wmr supujstm quj bm. Vh vhjbjs j` ijbjlhfhm sjrá tuym. "
"½Bm dj pujnjs nar uba phsta=
"Bm," nhem. "Bm sjräa eustm para è`. X anjdás, bm sè `m quj jstá
nhspujstm a cafjr pmr tä. Wjrm afjpta dh fmbsjem5 \jb, ráphnadjbtj."
"½Jstás sjourm nj quj js a dä a quhjb quhjrj vjr="
"Banhj dás quj tu sjrvhräa. @m djemr quj pujnjs cafjr js vjbhr,
tj `m nhom nj vjrnan. ^j`joraläa nhfhèbnmdj quj trjb vas a tmdar j hrè a
jspjrartj a `a jstafhöb."
"Duy
"D uy ihjb," nhej, y fm`oè.
fm`o è.
Bm dj oustaia quj cuihjra tabtm dhstjrhm,
dhstjr hm, pjrm saiäa quj @ufhus
jra ub adhom y njiäa caijr uba iujba razöb para quj dj cai`ara nj `a
 lmrda quj `m chzm. @as fmsas bm dj hiab tab daravh``msadjbtj jb
Fchfaom,fmdm para quj sj dj rmdphjra j` fmrazöb a` hrdj. ^a` y fmdm
jstaia mpjrabnm, tjbnräa quj pasar dufcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj pujnhjra
rjubhr j` nhbjrm sulhfhjbtj para mpjrar a orab jsfa`a.
\m`vä a Bujva Xmrk, shb saijr `m quj hia a sufjnjr.
sufjnjr. Nj cjfcm, dás
nj uba vjz, nurabtj j` vhaej, tjdä quj bm mfurrhjra bana y quj caiäa nj
pjrnjr `a tarhla nj` vhaej y j` thjdpm. Bm pmnäa hdaohbar quj jstaia a
pubtm nj tjbjr `a jxpjrhjbfha dás furhmsa nj tmna dh vhna.

1:7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

@ufhus dj jspjraia jb `a jstafhöb, y bm tarnö jb njfhrdj quj dj
caiäa ``adanm abtj `a pjthfhöb urojbtj nj Dr. Nabhj` _h``hadsmb, nj `a
fmbmfhna fasa nj im`sa nj _h``hadsmb & Irmwb. Dr. _h``hadsmb phnhö
a @ufhus quj dj nhejra quj dj hia a cafjr uba prmpmshfhöb rj`afhmbana
fmb ub bjomfhm, quj jstaia sjourm quj ym bm rjfcazaräa, ya quj hia a sjr
duy ijbjlhfhmsa para dä. J` faráftjr nj `a lhrda jra uba oarabtäa nj quj
bm sj dj hia a pjnhr quj chfhjra bana hdprmphm.
Nab _h``hadsmb jra j` dhjdirm prhbfhpa` nj `a lhrda, quj luj
lubnana pmr Joijrt _h``hadsmb jb `ms añms ?7. Cafäa ya thjdpm quj bm
caiäa bhboõb Irmwb, y jb jsms dmdjbtms tadpmfm `m caiäa. @a fasa
caiäa shnm duy hdpmrtabt
hdpmrtabtjj jb `ms thjdpms nj` panrj nj Nab. Nab caiäa
cjrjnanm uba fmbshnjrai`j lmrtuba y bm iusfaia dufcms bjomfhms
jxtjrhmrjs. ^jbäab ub f`hjbtj quj va`äa pmr fhjb f`hjbtjs nj thpm djnhm,
y èstj jra A`vhb Darquabn, fuñanm nj _h``hadsmb, quj anjdás nj sjr
nhrjftmr nj uba nmfjba nj iabfms y lhnjhfmdhsarhms jra prjshnjbtj nj`
orab shstjda Fcjsapjakj abn At`abthf Yah`rman. Jra `a pjrsmba dás
phbtmrjsfa nj` dubnm nj `ms ljrrmfarrh`js, njspuès nj Eadjs E. Ch``, y jra
pmrtavmz y dhjdirm prhbfhpa` nj ub orupm iabfarhm fmbmfhnm fmdm `a
pabna nj Lmrt Nawsmb. Vu va`mr msfh`aia jbtrj fhbfujbta y quhbhjbtms
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs, `a jsthdafhöb njpjbnäa nj` jstanm nj ábhdm nj` quj
cai`ara. Fuabnm durhö, njsfuirhjrmb quj tjbäa ub va`mr nj nmsfhjbtms
fhbfujbta
fhbfujb ta dh``mbjs nj nö`arj
nö`arjs,
s, tmnms oaba
oabanms
nms jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Asä quj fm
fmbb
jstm sj pujnj vjr, pmr què sj `j fmbshnjraia tab iujb f`hjbtj.
@ufhus dj nhem quj afaiaia nj afjptar ub traiaem fmb _h``hadsmb
& Irmwb. Vj supmbäa quj jra uba jspjfhj nj "mitjbjnmr nj bjomfhms"
fhrfu`abtj. @a lhrda jstaia njtrás nj ub bjomfhm nj fmdhshmbjs y @ufhus
caiäa hbnufhnm a Dr. _h``hadsmb a airhr ubas fuabtas sufursa`js, uba jb
ubm nj `ms orabnjs cmtj`js
cmtj`j s nj `a fhunan y mtra jb Fchfa
Fchfaom.
om. Dj hdaohbè quj
dj hia a mlrjfjr ub traiaem jb j` õ`thd
õ`thdmm shthm, ppmshi
mshi`jdj
`jdjbtj
btj fmd
fmdmm dabao
dabaojr,
jr,
quj jra a`om quj ym hia a afjptar. Bm `j hbtjrrudp
hbtjrrudpä,ä, pmrq
pmrquj
uj pjbsè quj jra
djemr jspjrar a quj dj chfhjra `a mljrta
mljrta abtjs nj rjfc
rjfcazar`a.
azar`a.
@ufhus dj ``jvö a `a mlhfhba
mlhfhba prhvana nj Dr. _h``hadsmb,
_h``had smb, bms prj
prjsjbtö
sjbtö
y sa`hö nj `a caihtafhöb aprjsuranadjbtj, fmdm sh njsjara jvhtar quj `j
``adarab fmdm
prjparè para tjsthom
jsfufc ar yjbnjfhr
jsfufcar ub fasm
`ujomjbquj
j` quj
bm . fmbmfäa a `as nms partjs. Dj
bm.
Dr. _h``hadsmb luj duy adai`j. Jra ub cmdirj äbtjorm, fmb duy
iujba jnufafhöb y uba adhstmsa smbrhsa. Wunj hdaohbardj quj bm `j jra

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1:

1:11
nhläfh` cafjr adhoms y dabtjbjr`ms, ½pmr què bm= Jra rhfm y pmr `m tabtm
tjbäa iujb cudmr. ^jbäa dufcm nhbjrm y pmr `m tabtm bm sj pmnäa
smspjfcar quj sus dmthvms lujrab sörnhnms. Jstas fmsas, eubtm fmb su
jnufafhöb y prjparafhöb smfha`, cafäab quj `j lujra láfh` sjr adai`j,
adhstmsm y, anjdás, nj orab ayuna.
Bm nhej bana. Bm tjbäa bana quj njfhr, anjdás,
anjdás , shjdprj njem quj `ms
`ms
njdás nhoab tmnm `m quj thjbjb quj njfhr abtjs nj cafjr bhboõb
fmdjbtarhm. A`ouhjb dj nhem quj j` nhlubtm Eadjs Vth``dab, prjshnjbtj
nj` Bathmba` Iabk,
Iabk, jra äbth
äbthdm
dm adhom nj _h``hadsmb, tjbäa `a fmstudirj
nj jsfufcar jb sh`jbfhm, fmb aspjftm hdpashi`j, a fua`quhjra quj `j
chfhjra uba prmpmshfhöb. Fuabnm `a pjrsmba tjrdhbaia nj cai`ar, Dr.
Vth``dab fmbthbuaia dhrábnm`j, fmdm sh tmnaväa bm cuihjra tjrdhbanm.
Wmr `m tabtm, `a pjrsmba
pjrsmba,, shbthjbn
shbthjbnmm quj tjbäa quj njfhr a`om, `m cafäa. Vhd
p`jdjbtj, dhrabnm y jsfufcabnm, Vth``dab cafha quj `a pjrsmba `j
chfhjra `a mljrta jb ubms tèrdhbms dufcm dás vjbtaemsm
vjbtaemsmss nj `ms quj caiäa
pjbsanm mlrjfjr fuabnm fmdjbzö a cai`ar.
Xm bm dabtjbom sh`jbfhm sö`m para hbnufhr a `a ojbtj a quj dj
caoab iujbas mljrtas, shbm pmrquj dj ousta fmbmfjr tmnms `ms pubtms nj`
fasm. Vh sj nje
njeaa quj uba pjrsmba nhoa tmnm `m quj thjbj quj njfhr, sj pujnj
tmdar uba
uba njfhsh
njfhshöböb ráphnadjbtj. Js ub oraorabb acmrrm nj thjdpm. Jvhta `ms
njiatjs y `as nhsfushmbjs prm`mboanas quj bm vab a bhbouba partj. ^mnas ^mnas
`as prmpmshfhmbjs nj bjomfhms quj sj dj cafjb, sj pujnjb jstai`jfjr fmb
dh sä m fmb dh bm. Wjrm bm pujnm njfhr sä m bm, a djbms quj tjboa abtj
dä uba prmpmshfhöb fmdp`jta.

`m quj Na
Nabb _h``h
tjbäa_h``hadsmb
qujadsmb nhem Dj
jsfufcar. tmnmnhem
`m quj
qujtjbäa qujmhnm
caiäa njfhr, y ym jsfufcè
dufcas jsfmsas
fufcèsmirj
tmnm
dhs mpjrafhmbjs y quj `adjbtaia dufcm dh lrafasm fmb j` a`omnöb. A
pjsar nj tmnm, è` tjbäa j` p`afjr nj jbtrjvhstardj. Wjbsaia quj dh lujrtj
jra j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, quj caiäa bafhnm para j``m, y quj bm njiäa
 a`jeardj nj è`.
"X jsa js `a razöb, Dr. @hvhbo
@hvhbostmb,"
stmb," fmbf`u
fmbf`uyöyö nj lmr
lmrda
da p`afjbtjra,
"pmr `a quj quhjrm cafjr bjomfhms
bjo mfhms fmb ustjn."
"½Cafjr bjomfhms födm= `j prjoubtè.
"Vhjbnm sus
sus fmrr
fmrrjn
jnmrj
mrjs,"
s," nnhem.
hem. "A dh llhrda
hrda `j oustaräa ``jvar a faim
sus bjomfhms jb im`sa."
"Dj
"½Wmroustaräa
què bm=fmbfjnèrsj`m,"
" prjoubtö. nhej, "pjrm bm pujnm."

1:9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"Wmrquj bm tjbom nhbjrm," rjspmbnä.
"Jb jsm bm cay prmi`jda," nhem fmb uba adhstmsa smbrhsa. "Xm `m
prmpmrfhmbarè."Vafö ub ta`mbarhm nj fcjqujs nj` im`sh``m, rj``jbö ub
fcjquj pmr vjbthfhbfm dh` nö`arjs a dh bmdirj, y dj `m nhm.
"½Wara què js jstm= " prjoubtè.
"Wara su njpöshtm jb bujstrm iabfm. Yjthrará sus prmphms fcjqujs.
Quhjrm quj caoa tmnas sus mpjrafhmbjs jb bujstra mlhfhba. Bm dj
hdpmrta sh oaba m phjrnj. Vh jsj nhbjrm sj phjrnj, ym pjrsmba`djbtj `j
narè mtrm fcjquj. M sja, quj bm cafj la`ta quj sja njdashanm fuhnanmsm
fmb èsj. ½@m jbthjbnj=
Vaiäa quj `a lhrda jra njdashanm rhfa y pröspjra fmdm para
bjfjshtar `ms bjomfhms nj banhj, y dufcm djbms fmdm para nar a ub
dufcafcm j` nhbjrm sulhfhjbtj para pmbjr ub darojb. ¡X shb jdiarom è`
jra tab aoranai`j! Jb vjz nj nardj ub frènhtm fmb `a fasa, dj naia j`
nhbjrm jb jljfthvm, nj dabjra quj sö`m è` saiäa nj nöbnj vjbäa, `a õbhfa
fmbnhfhöb jra quj sh mpjraia njiäa cafjr`m a travès nj su lhrda. ¡X
njspuès `a prmdjsa nj quj cairäa
cairäa dás sh js quj èèstj
stj njsap
njsaparjfäa!
arjfäa! A pjsar
nj tmnm, njiäa caijr a`ouba razöb.
"½Fuá` js `a hnja=" `j prjoubtè.
"@a hnja js, shdp`jdjbtj, quj qujrjdms tjbjr ub f`hjbtj jb
bujstra mlhfhba quj sja fmbmfhnm fmdm ub orab mpjranmr afthvm. ^mnm j`
dubnm saij quj dabthjbj orabnjs `äbjas jb j` `anm fmrtm, quj js `m quj
a dä, parthfu`ardjbtj, dj ousta nj ustjn. Vj `j fmbmfj fmdm j` Apmsta-
nmr."
"Bm afaim
afaim nj jbtjbn
jbtjbnjr`m,"
jr`m," nhej.
"Vjrè lrab
lrabfm
fm fmb ustjn
ustjn,, Dr. @hvhbstmb.
@hvhb stmb. ^jbjdms nms m ttrjs
rjs f`hjbtjs
duyy rhfms quj fmdprab y vjbnjb va`mrjs a orab jsfa`a. Bm quhjrm quj _a``
du
Vtrjjt jdphjfj a smspjfcar quj vjbnjb va`mrjs a `arom, fana vjz quj
vjbnjdms nhjz dh`
dh` m vjhbtj dh` affhmbjs
affhmbjs nj ub va`mr. Vh _a`` Vtrjjt saij quj
ustjn jstá mpjrabnm jb bujstra mlhfhba, sairá sh `m quj vhjbj a` djrfanm js
su vjbta a fmrtm m `ms va`mrjs a `arom nj `ms mtrms f`hjbtjs."
@m fmdprjbnä ráphnadjbtj. \h jbsjouhna quj Nab _h``hadsmb
dj jstaia mlrjfhjbnm `a mpmrtubhnan nj vm`vjr, y vm`vjr ráphnadjbtj.
^mdè j` fcjquj,
fmdjbfè a mpjrar.`mJra
``jvè
uba`djrfanm
iabfm, airä
iujbmubay fujbta
afthvm, fmb su lhrda y
sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
adp`hm fmdm para bm tjbjr quj `hdhtarsj a uba m nms jspjfha`hnanjs.
Fmdm ya nhej, caiäa fmdjbzanm a tjdjr caijr pjrnhnm `a fapafhnan nj

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj af
affhmbjs
fhmbjs 1:6
cafjr`m ihjb. Wjrm parjfj quj bm jra asä. Jb ub pjrhmnm nj trjs sjdabas
caiäa fmbsjouhnm ubms ijbjlhfhms nj fhjbtm nmfj dh` nö`arjs, fmb `ms
vjbthfhbfm dh` quj Nab _h``hadsmb dj caiäa prjstanm.
Luh a vjr`j y `j nhej, "Cj vjbhnm a njvm`vjr`j `ms vjbthfhbfm dh`
nö`arjs."
"¡Bm!¡Bm! nhem, y fmb `a dabm chzm anjdáb nj quj dj a`jeara,
fmdm sh `j cuihjra mlrjfhnm ub fmftj` nj afjhtj nj rhfhbm. "Bm, bm,
dufcafcm
dufc afcm,, jspjrj casta quj su fujbta a`fabfj uba fabthnan prunjbtj
prunjbtj.. Bm
phjbsj jb j``m tmnaväa. Acä sm`m thjbj tmnaväa fmdhna nj pm``ms."
Acä js nmbnj fmdjtä ub jrrmr nj` quj dj cj arrjpjbthnm dufcm
dás quj nj tmnms `ms quj fmdjtä jb dh farrjra jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Luj
rjspmbsai`j nj `aroms y tjdhi`js añms nj sulrhdhjbtm. Njiä caijr
hbshsthnm jb quj tmdara su nhbjrm. Jstaia prjparabnm j` fadhbm para
cafjr uba lmrtuba dufcm daymr quj `a quj caiäa pjrnhnm, y jstaia
fadhbabnm duy njprhsa.
Nurabtj trjs sjdabas, j` ijbjlhfhm djnhm luj nj` 1:7% a `a
sjdaba. Nj acä jb anj`abtj dhdhss mpjrafhm
mpjrafhmbjs
bjs hräab jb jsfa`a asfjbnjbtj.
Wjrm jb vjz nj `hijrardj nj tmnas dhs mi`hoafhmbjs, njeè quj sj sa`hjra
fmb `a suya y bm `j mi`hoè a afjptar `ms vjbthfhbfm dh` nö`arjs. Wmr
supujstm,
supu jstm, fmdm è` bm rjthraia `ms vjbthfhbf
vjbt hfhbfmm dh` nö`
nö`arjs
arjs,, quj dj caiäa
prjstanm, ym tjbäa `a sjbsafhöb nj quj tadpmfm pmnäa rjthrar dhs
oababfhas
oaba bfhas.. @j jstaia duy aoranjfhnm,
aoranjfhn m, pjrm bm ousta njijr nhbjrm bh
lavmrjs. J` nhbjrm `m pmnäa njvm`vjr fmb nhbjrm, pjrm `ms lavmrjs `ms tjbäa
quj paoar fmb a`om parjfhnm, y a vjfjs tj jbfujbtras fmb quj jstas
mi`hoafhmb
mi`ho afhmbjs
js dmra`js thjbjb ub prjfh
prjfhmm duy a`tm. Anjdás
An jdás bm cay jstatutm
nj `hdhtafhmbjs.
Njeè j` nhbjrm ta` y fmdm jstaia y rjabunè dhs mpjrafhmbjs. Dj
jstaia sa`hjbnm tmnm duy ihjb. Jstaia rjfupjrabnm j` jquh`hirhm
jqu h`hirhm y jstaia
sjourm nj quj bm pasaräa duf
dufcm
cm thjdpm abtjs nj a`fabzar
a`fabza r j` rhtdm nj 187?.
 Zba vjz cjfcm
cjfc m jstm,
jstm , tmnm `m quj qujräa js quj j` djrfanm
djrfan m sj dabtuvhjra
dabtuvhjr a ub
pmfm, dhjbtras ym rjfupjraia `m quj caiäa pjrnhnm. Wjrm j` cjfcm nj
cafjr, m bm cafjr, j` nhbjrm bm dj prjmfupaia njdashanm. @m quj dj
cafäa lj`hz
lj`hz jra pjbsar quj ya caiä
caiäaa pjrnhnm
pjrn hnm `a fms
fmstudi
tudirj
rj nj jquhv
jquhvmfar
mfar
dj, nj bm sjr ym dhsdm. Dh shtuafhöb nurabtj djsjs caiäa shnm
fataströlhfa, pjrm caiäa aprjbnhnm `a `jffhöb.
Eustm pmr jbtmbfjs, dj vm`vä iaehsta y fmdjbfè a vjbnjr a fmrtm
varhms va`mrjs nj fmdpañäas ljrrmvharhas. Jbtra
Jbtr a j``as
j``as jstaia Fcjsapjakj &

1:>>
1: Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

At`abthf. Frjm quj pusj uba `äbja a fmrtm; a`rjnjnmr nj ubas mfcm dh`
affhmbjs.
Zba dañaba fuabnm ``jouè a `a fhunan, Nab _h``hadsmb dj ``adö
a su mlhfhba parthfu`ar abtjs nj quj airhjra j` djrfanm y dj nhem5 "@arry,
bm caoas bana jb Fcjsapjakj & At`abthf jb jstj dmdjbtm. Chfhstj da`
vjbnhjbnm mfcm dh` a fmrtm. ^j `ms pusm a fmrtm jsta dañaba jb @mbnrjs,
y sa`hjrmb anj`abtj."
Jstaia sjourm quj Fcjsapjakj & At`abthf jstaia iaeabnm. @a
fhbta dj `m nhem f`aradjbtj; y anjdás jstaia a `a iaea tmnm j` djrfanm,
bm tjrrhi`jdjbtj iaehsta, pjrm `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm para sjbthrdj a oustm
fmb uba `äbja fmrta .
@j nhej a _h``hadsmb, "½Wmr què ca nhfcm jsm= jstá a `a iaea tmnm
j` djrfanm y va a iaear dás tmnaväa."
Wjrm è` dmvhö `a faijza y nhem, "`m chfj pmrquj rjsu`ta quj sè a`om
afjrfa nj Fcjs
Fcjsapja
apjakjkj & At`abthf
At`ab thf quj ustjn bm pmnäa sai
saijr.
jr. Dh fmbsjem js
quj bm vjbna, pmr j` dmdjbtm, affhmbjs a fmrtm casta quj ym `j nhoa quj
ya bm cay pj`horm. "
½Què pmnäa cafjr= Bm jra ub prmbösthfm tmbtm
tmbtm.. Jra ub fmbsjem quj
vjbäa nj` fuñanm nj` prjshnjbtj nj `a djsa nj nhrjftmrjs. Nab bm jra sö`m
j` adhom dás äbthdm nj A`vhb Darquabn, shbm quj anjdás caiha shnm
adai`j y ojbjrmsm fmbdhom. Caiäa njdmstranm tjbjr lj jb dä y fmblhab
za jb dh pa`aira. Bm pmnäa djbms quj aoranjfèrsj`m. Asä quj nj bujvm,
`ms sjbthdhjbtms oabarmb `a parthna a` euhfhm y fjnä. Vuimrnhbar dhs
eu hfhm
euhf hmss a su
suss nj
njsj
sjms
ms dj fm
fmst
stai
aiaa duf
d ufcm
cm js
jsluj
lujrzm
rzm.. @a orat
or atht
htun
un js a`om
a`o m qu
qujj
ub cmd
cmdirj
irj njfjbtj bm pujnj jvhtar sjbthr, pjrm sj njij jvhtar quj ub
sjbthdhjbtm tj abu`j. @m prhdjrm quj supj, js quj bm sö`m caiäa pjrnhnm
tmnas dhs oababfhas, shbm quj anjdás njiäa a `a lhrda fhjbtm fhbfujbta
dh` nö`arjs. Dj sjbtä iastabtj da`, pjrm Nab dj nhem quj bm dj
prjmfupara.
"@j safarè nj` apurm," prmdj
p rmdjthö.
thö. "Vè quj `m carè. Wj
Wjrm
rm sö`m pujnm
cafjr`m sh ustjn dj njea.^jbnrá quj njear nj cafjr `ms bjomfhms pmr su
fujbta.
fujb ta. Bm pujnm traiaear para ustjn y njspuès
njspuè s njscafjr tmnm j` traiaem jb
su bmdirj. Vhdp`j
V hdp`jdjbtj
djbtj,, sa`oa nj
nj`` djrfanm y nèdj uba mpmrtubhnan nj quj
ym oabj a`oõb nhbjrm para ustjn. ½@m cará, @arry=
@arry=..
Wrjoubtö nj bujvm5 ½Què pmnäa cafjr= Wjbsaia jb su adaih`hnan
y bm pmnäa jvhtar sjbthr aprjfhm. Caiäa ``joanm a oustardj. Jra duy
adai`j y adhstmsm. Yjfujrnm quj shjdprj dj jstaia nabnm ábhdms. Bm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1::

cafäa dás quj asjourardj quj tmnm hia a sa`hr ihjb. Zb näa, a`rjnjnmr nj
sjhs djsjs njspuès, sj dj afjrfö fmb uba smbrhsa y dj nhm ubms frènhtms.
frèn htms.
"@j nhej quj `j safaräa nj` apurm, " nhem, "y `m cj cjfcm." X
jbtmbfjs njsfuirä quj bm sm`m caiäa `hquhnanm tmna `a njuna, shbm quj
anjdás tjbäa ub pjqujñm ia`abfj a dh lavmr.
Frjm quj cairäa pmnhnm audjbtar aquj``m shb dufca nhlhfu`tan,
pmrquj j` djrfanm jstaia jb iujba nhspmshfhöb, pjrm è` dj nhem, "@j cj
fmdpranm nhjz dh` affhmbjs nj Vmutcjrb At`abthf. "Èsta jra mtra jdprjsa
nj farrjtjras fmbtrm`ana pmr su fuñanm, A`vhb Darquabn, quhjb fmbtrm
`aia tadihèb j` njsthbm nj `ms va`mrjs.
Fuabnm ub cmdirj cafj pmr tä, `m quj Nab _h``hadsmb chzm pmr
dä, bm pujnjs njfhr bana dás quj "orafhas", sjab fua`js sjab tus pubtms
nj vhsta smirj j` djrfanm. Wujnjs jstar sjourm
sjourm nj tjbjr razöb, pjrm ta` y
fmdm Wat Cjarbj afmstudiraia a njfhr. "Bm sj pujnj njfhr casta quj sj
apujsta." y Nab _h``hadsmb caiäa apmstanm pmr dä, fmb su nhbjrm.
Wujs ihjb, Vmutcjrb At`abthf iaeö, ym dj qujnè ai aiaem
aem y pjrnä, cj
m`vhnanm `a fabthnan, fmb dhs nhjz dh` abtjs nj quj Nab dj `hquhnara. @j
njiäa dás quj bubfa. Wjrm sjourm quj bubfa cas vhstm ub afrjjnmr dás
adai`j y djbms hdpmrtubm. Bubfa rjfhiä ub da` ojstm nj è`. ^mnm `m
fmbtrarhm, pa`airas nj ábhdm y fmbsjems nj quj bm dj prjmfupara
prjmfupara a`a`
rjspjftm. A` lhba`, sj dj `hquhnö `a njuna nj` dhsdm dmnm, tab adai`j
y ojbjrmsm.
Bm nhm bhboõb
bhboõb njta``j. ^mnas `as fujbtas jstaiab budjranas. Nab
_h``hadsmb sö`m dj nhem, "cjdms `hquhnanm su pèrnhna nj Vmutcjrb
At`abthf fmb `ms
vjbnhnm shjtj dh`ijbjlhfhms
quhjbhjbtasnjaffhmbjs
jstj mtrmnjvva`mr,
a`mr,
mtrm "y djquj
va`mr jxp`hfö
jxp`hfö qujprmnu
caiäab caiäa
fhnm a`oubms ijbjlhfhms. Vhbfjradjbtj, pujnm njfhr quj bm fmbmfä bana
iujbm jb `m rj`afhmbanm fmb jstas mpjrafhmbjs, casta quj dj nhejrmb
nhejrmb quj
`a njuna jstaia `hquhnana.
 Fuabnm jstm sufjnhö varhas vjfjs fmdjbfè a pjbsar, y jdpjfè a
dhrar dh fasm njsnj ub ábou`m nhljrjbtj. Lhba`djbtj trmpjfè.
t rmpjfè. Jra mivh
mivhmm
quj Nab _h``hadsmb dj caiha jstanm uth`hzabnm. Wjbsar`m dj pmbäa
lurhmsm, pjrm dj pmbäa dás lurhmsm j` cjfcm nj bm caijrdj nanm fujbta
abtjs.
Jb fuabtm rjfapafhtè y nh vuj`tas a tmnm j` asubtm, dj nh
nhrhoä
rhoä a Nab
_h``hadsmb,
_h``had smb, &`jIrmwb.
_h``hadsmb nhej
nhej qujBmqujräa aiabnmbar
nhsfutä fmb è` bh`afmb
lhrda
lhrda,
, y njeènj`asus
bhboubm mlhfhba nj
smfhms.

1:< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

½Nj què dj cairäa sjrvhnm= Vhb jdiarom njim andhthr quj jstaia rjsjb
thnm, rjsjbthnm fmb _h``hadsmb & Irmwb y fmbdhom.

nhbjrm@a pèrnhna
jb j` nj nhbjrm
djrfanm bm dj
nj va`mrjs cj prjmfupaia. Vhjdprj
aprjbnhnm a`om; caiäa quj cj pjrnhnm
pjrnhnm nhbjrm
pjrm caiäa oabanm jxpjrhjbfha, m sja, quj j` nhbjrm paoaia `a laftura nj
`a jbsjñabza. Zb cmdirj thjbj quj tjbjr jxpjrhjbfha y thjbj quj paoar
pmr j``a. Wjrm caiäa a`om quj dj nm`äa dufcm jb jsa jxpjrhjbfha
jxpjrh jbfha fmb Nab
_h``hadsmb, y jra `a pèrnhna nj uba orab mpmrtubhnan. J` nhbjrm quj sj
phjrnj bm js bana; sj pujnj vm`vjr a rjfupjrar. Wjrm `as mpmrtubhnanjs
fmdm `a quj ym caiäa tjbhnm, bm ``joab tmnms `ms näasnäas..
J` djrfanm caiäa shnm iastabtj iujbm. Xm tjbäa razöb; quhjrm
njfhr, `m jstaia `jyjbnm fmb prjfhshöb. @a mpmrtubhnan nj cafjr dh``mbjs
jstaia
euj
eujom. acä. Wjrm
om. ^jbäa ym ms
pjrdhtä
`as dabms
dab quj^jbäa
atanas. dh aoranjfhdhjbtm
quj caf jr `m qujhbtjrlhrhjra
cafjr _h``hadsmb, jbfmb
dh
su adaih`hnan, njsjaia quj chfhjsj. Jb rjsudjb, jra pjmr quj cafjr
bjomfhms fmb ub ladh`har. ¡Da`ms bjomfhms!-
X jsm jra `m pjmr nj` fasm. Njspuès nj jsm, apjbas tuvj mpmrtubh
nanjs nj cafjr nhbjrm. J` djrfanm sj a``abö. @as fmsas lujrmb nj da` jb
pjmr. Bm sm`m pjrnä tmnm `m quj tjbäa, sh bm quj dj vh fmb njunas mtra vjz,
fmb dás njunas quj bubfa 1811, 1819, 1816 y 181> lujrmb `aroms añms
nj jsfasjz. Bm caiäa nhbjrm quj oabar. Vhdp`jdjbtj, bm caiäa mpmrtu
bhnanjs, y pmr `m tabtm dh shtuafhöb jra dás pèshda quj bubfa.
Bm js njdashanm njsaoranai`j pjrnjr fuabnm `a pèrnhna bm va
afmdpañana nj uba vhshöb nj `m quj pmnäa caijr shnm. Jsm js, prjfhsa
djbtj, `m quj bm pmnäa apartar nj `a djbtj y, pmr supujstm, jstm dj njs
jstaih`hzaia dás tmnaväa. Aprjbnä quj `as njih`hnanjs abtj `as quj sj
jblrjbta
jblrjbta ub jspjfu`anmr bm thjbjb bõdjrm
bõdjrm.. Dh aftuafhöb jb `a mlhf
mlhfhba
hba nj
_h``hadsmb, luj `a aprmphana para dä, fmdm cmdirj, pjrm fmdm jspj
fu`anmr jra duy pmfm saihm njeardj hbl`ujbfhar pmr fua`quhjr fmbs
fmbshnj
hnj
rafhöb quj lujra jb fmbtra nj dhs prmphms euhfhms. Bmi`jza mi`hoa, pjrm
bm jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, pmrquj `a fhbta bm js bh faia``jrmsa bh `ja`.
Fmdprjbnää quj bm pmnäa caijr aftuanm nj mtrm dmnm. Bm pmnäa caijrdj
Fmdprjbn
la`tanm a dh dhsdm sö`m pmrquj qujräa mpjrar jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs.
Wjrm `ms bjomfhms smb `ms bjomfhms, y dh bjomfhm fmdm jspjfu`anmr
fmbshstj jb rjlmrzar shjdprj dhs prmphms euhfhms.
Luj uba jxpjrhjbfha duy furhmsa. @j vmy a njfhr `m quj frjm quj
sufjnhö. Nab _h``hadsmb luj pjrljftadjbtj shbfjrm jb `m quj dj nhem

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1:?

fuabnm dj vhm `a prhdjra vjz. Fana vjz quj su lhrda cafha ubms fuabtms
dh`js nj nö`arjs jb fua`quhjr va`mr, _a`` Vtrjjt ``joaia a `a láfh`
fmbf`ushöb nj quj A`vhb
jra j` orab mpjranmr nj `a Darquabn jstaia
mlhfhba, y nhm a `afmdprabnm m vjbnhjbnm.
mlhfhba tmnms È`
sus bjomfhms,
y jra ubm nj `ms djemrjs y dás orabnjs mpjranmrjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Wujs
ihjb, ym hia a sjr uth`hzanm a``ä fmdm fmrthba nj cudm, parthfu`ardjbtj
para `as vjbtas nj Darquabn.
A`vhb Darquabn jdpjzö a jbljrdar pmfm njspuès nj quj ym
jbtrara. Vu jbljrdjnan luj nhaobmsthfana fmdm hbfurai`j, y pmr supujs
tm, Nab _h``hadsmb `m saiäa dufcm abtjs quj j` prmphm Darquabn. Wmr
jsa razöb, Nab fuirhö dhs va`mrjs nj Fcjsapjakj
Fcjsapjak j & At`abthf. Caiäa
C aiäa jd
pjzanm a `hquhnar a`oubas nj `as pmshfhmbjs jspjfu`athvas nj su fuñanm,
nj jsj va`mr y nj a`oubms mtrms.
Wmr supujstm, fuabnm Darquabn durhö è` tuvm quj `hquhnar sus
`äbjas jspjfu`athvas y sjdhjspjfu`athvas, y para jbtmbfjs, bms jbfmbtrá
iadms ya jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea. Atábnmdj `as dabms fmdm `m chzm,
Nab sj jstaia ayunabnm.
ayunabnm . Bm hbtjbtm prprjsudhr
jsudhr fuabnm nhom quj ym jra ub
mpjranmr
mpjra nmr iastabtj lujrtj, y quj tjbäa dufca razöb jb fuabtm a dhs pubtms
nj vhsta smirj j` djrfanm. Vè quj _h``hadsmb rjfmrnaia j` èxhtm nj dhs
mpjrafhm
mpjr afhmbjs
bjs jb j` djrfanm
djrfan m a `a iaea nj 187?, y bm sj pmnäa pjrdht
pjrdhthr
hr fmrrj
fmrrjrr
j` rhjsom nj tjbjrdj a `arom. Vh cuihjra sjouhnm j` fadhbm quj caiäa
fmdjbzanm, cairäa cjfcm tabtm nhbjrm, quj para fuabnm è` cuihjra
qujrhnm `hquhnar partj nj` jstanm nj A`vhb Darquabns,
Darqua bns, yymm jstaräa mpjrab
nm fmb fhjbtms nj dh`js nj affhmbjs. Fmdm iaehsta
iaehsta afthvm, cairäa fausanm
nañm
A`vhb jb `mssö`m
njeö dh``mbjs
pmfm nj
dásnö`arjs nj fuabtms
nj ubms `ms cjrjnjrms
fhjbtmsnjnjDarquabn,
dh``mbjs. ya quj
Wjrm jra dufcm dás iaratm njeardj fmbtrajr njunas y njspuès
`hquhnar`a
`hquh nar`as,
s, quj tjbjrdj jb a`ouba mtra mlhfhba mpjr
mpjrabnm
abnm afthv
afthvadjbtj
adjbtj jb j`
 `anm iaehsta. Jsm js, prjfhsadjbtj, `m quj cairäa jstanm cafhjbnm, nj bm
sjr pmr j` sjbthdhjbtm nj quj bm njiäa dmstrar njs`ja`tan a Nab
_h``hadsmb.
Vhjdprj cj fmbshnjranm jsta jxpjrhjbfha fmdm `a dás hbtjrjsabtj
y njsalmrtubana
njsalmrtub ana nj tmnas `as quj cj tjbhnm fmdm mpjranmr nj affhmbjs.
Fmdm `jffhöb dj fmstö ub prjfhm njdashanm a`tm .Wmstjroa dh rjfupa-
rafhöb pmr varhms añms.
añm s. Jra sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
sul hfhjbtjdjbtj emvjb
emv jb fmdm para jspjrar fmb
pafhjbfha a quj vm`vhjrab `ms dh``mbjs pjrnhnms. Wjrm fhbfm añms js
njdashanm thjdpm para sjr pmirj. Emvjb m vhjem, bm js bana aoranai`j.

1:3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Dj jra dás láfh` prjsfhbnhr nj `ms yatjs quj nj` djrfanm. @a daymr
mpmrtubhnan nj dh vhna caiäa jstanm nj`abtj nj dhs barhfjs y `a caiäa
njeanm jsfapar. Bm punj a`aroar `a dabm y fmojr`a. Zb dufcafcm duy
astutm jsj Nab _h``hadsmb; hbojbhmsm, avhspanm y astutm fmdm j` quj
dás. Js ub pjbsanmr, thjbj hdaohbafhöb, njtjfta `ms pubtms nèih`js nj `as
pjrsmbas y p`abja atafar`ms fmb saborj lräa. Jb rja`hnan bm dj safö
bhboõb nhbjrm. ^mnm `m fmbtrarhm, jra nj `m dás adai`j a` rjspjftm.
Adaia
Ada ia a su cjrdaba, Drs. Darquabn, y, a su dabjr
dabjra,a, chzm `m quj è` frjäa
quj jra su njijr.
 SH\
Vhjdprj cj pjbsanm quj njspuès nj njear `a mlhfhba nj _h``hadsmb &
Irmwb, j` djrfanm sj qujnö shb `a frjda. Bms fcmfadms nj p`jbm fmb
ub pjrhmnm nj jsfasjz nj nhbjrm; fuatrm `aroms añms. Bm caiäa bh ub
pjbhquj quj oabar. Fmdm Ih``y Cjbrhqujz nhem nhem ub
ubaa vjz
v jz,"
," Jra `a f`asj
f`asj nj
djrfanm, jb `a quj bh uba dmljta pujnj prmnufhr "m`mrjs".
Dj naia `a hdprjshöb quj jstaia `ufcabnm fmb j` njsthbm. Quhzás
`a prmvhnjbfha caiäa p`abjanm fasthoardj, pjrm ym, njsnj `ujom, bm
jstaia nhspujstm a njeardj vjbfjr. Bm caiäa fmdjthnm bhboubm nj jsms
pjfanms jspjfu`athvms, quj ub mpjranmr njij jxphar njsnj j` `anm nju
nmr. Bm jra fu`pai`j nj bhbouba njnj `as täphfas euoanas nj tmbtms. @m quj
caiäa cjfcm,
cjfcm , m das ihjb, `m quj caiäa njeanm nj cafjr, jra a`om pmr `m quj
rjfhihräa a`aiabzas y bm fu`pas jb j` bmrtj nj `a fa``j fuarjbta y nms. _a``
Vtrjjt jra aisurnm y fmstmsm. Wjrm `m pjmr jra `a tjbnjbfha quj tjbäa a
cafjr quj ub cmdirj sj shbthjra djbms hbf`hbanm a pjrdhthrsj tjbjr
sjbthdhjbtms cudabms jb j` nhstrhtm nj` thfkjr.
 Njeè `a mlhfhb
mlhfhbaa nj _h``hadsmb y prmiè a`oubas mt
mtras.
ras. Jb tmnas j``as
pjrnä nhbjrm. Dj `m djrjfä, pmrquj jstaia hbtjbtabnm lmrzar a` djrfanm
para quj dj nhjra `m quj bm pmnäa nardj,
nar dj, mpmrtubhnanj
mpmrtubhnanjss nj cafjr nhbjrm.
Bm tuvj prmi`jdas para mitjbjr frènhtms, pmrquj `ms quj dj fmbmfäab
tjbäab lj jb dä. Vj pmnrá cafjr uba hnja nj `a orab fmblhabza quj tjbäab
jb dä, sh nhom quj fuabnm lhba`djbtj njeè nj mpjrar a frènhtm, njiäa dás
nj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs.
J` prmi`jda bm jra quj ym cuihjra pjrnhnm j` nmdhbhm, shbm quj
nurabtj jsms fuatrm añms nj nj jsfasjz, `as mpmrtubhnanjs nj cafjr
cafjr nhbjrm,

1:8

1<7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

shdp`jdjbtj, bm jxhstäab. A pjsar nj tmn
shdp`jdjbtj, tmnmm ym sjouä apmstabnm,
apmstabnm, tratabnm
nj cafjr ub faph
faphta`,
ta`, pjrm sö`m fmbsj
fmbsjouä
ouä hbfrjdjbtar ddhshs njunas
njunas.. Njspuès
nj njear nj mpjrar pmr dh fujbta, pmrquj bm qujräa njijr dás nhbjrm a
dhs adhoms, dj oabè `a vhna ``jvabnm `as fujbtas nj ojbtj quj frjäa quj
ym fmbmfäa j` eujom sulhfhjbtjdjbtj ihjb fmdm para oabar`m jb ub
djrfanm tab
tab smdiräm. A fadihm nj dhs sjrvhfhms rjfhiäa ub pmrfjbtaej
nj `as oababfhas, fuabnm `as caiäa. Asä js fmdm vhväa. M dás ihjb,nhoadms
quj asä js fmdm smirjvhväa.
Wmr supujstm, bm shjdprj pjrnäa,
pjr näa, pjrm bubfa oabè `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm
para pjrdhthrdj
pjrdhthrdj rjnufhr dhs njunas. Lhba`djbtj, `as fmsas fmdjbzarmb a hr
fana vjz pjmr, y fmdjbfè a sjbthr `m quj jra j` njsa`hjbtm, pmr prhdjra
vjz jb dh vhna.
^mnmquj
nj` fadihm
nj` parjfäa caijrdj
sj caiäa sa`hnmjbda`.
prmnufhnm Bm hia
dh bhvj` nj pmr
vhna,acä
nj`adjbtábnmdj
tjbjr dh``mbjs
y yatjs, a tjbjr njunas y ``jvar uba vhna shdp`j. Bm nhslrutaia nj `a
shtuafhöb, pjrm bm dj ``jbè nj autmfmdpashöb. Bm tjbäa `a hbtjbfhöb nj
jspjrar pafhjbtjdjbtj a quj `a prmvhnjbfha dj traejra j` lhb nj dhs
pjba`hnanjs. Wmr `m tabtm jstunhè `a shtuafhöb. Jra mivhm quj j` õbhfm
dmnm nj afaiar fmb dhs prmi`jdas jra cafjr nhbjrm. Vhdp`jdjbtj,
bjfjshtaia nhbjrm para pmnjr mpjrar fmb èxhtm. Caiäa mpjranm abtjs y
njiäa cafjr`m nj bujvm. Jb j` pasanm, jb dás nj uba mfashöb, caiäa
fmbvjrthnm ub darojb pjqujñm jb fhjbtms nj dh`js nj nö`arjs. ^arnj m
tjdprabm, j` djrfanm dj mlrjfjräa uba mpmrtubhnan.
Dj fmbvjbfä nj quj sh a`om hia da`, hia da` fmbdhom, y bm fmb j`
djrfanm. Acmra, ½fuá` pmnäa sjr dh la``m= Dj cafäa jsta prjoubta fmb j`
dhsdm jspärhtu fmb j` quj jstunhaia `as nhvjrsas lasjs nj dhs prmi`jdas
jb `a mpjrafhöb.Wjbsè jb j``m fmb fa`da y ``jouè a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj
dh prhbfhpa` prmi`jda vjbäa nj `a prjmfupafhöb quj dj prmnufäa j`
cjfcmm nj tjbjr njunas. Bubfa d
cjfc djj sjbtä `hijranm nj `a prjmfupaf
prjmfupafhöb
höb quj
jstm dj prmnufäa.
Njim jxp`hfar`j quj bm jra shdp`jdjbtj `a fmbsfhjbfha
fmbs fhjbfha nj jstar jb
njuna. ^mnms `ms`ms cmdirjs nj bjomfhms fmbtrajb njunas jb j` fursm
rjou`ar nj `ms bjomfhms. @a daymräa nj dhs njunas bm jrab dás quj
njunas nj bjomfhms, njihnas a ubas fmbnhfhmbjs njslavmrai`js, y bm
pjmrjs nj `as quj sulrjb `ms fmdjrfhabtjs, pmr jejdp`m, fuabnm uba
jstafhöb nj` añm m ub njtjrdhbanm f`hda sj prm`mboa dás thjdpm nj `m
bmrda`.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1<1

Wmr supujstm, a djnhna quj pasaia j` thjdpm y bm pmnäa paoar,
fmdjbfè a tmdar dhs njunas fmb djbms lh`msmläa. Dj jxp`hfarè5 njiäa
dás nj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs, rjfujrnj, tmnas j``as jb j` djrfanm nj
va`mrjs.
va`mr js. @a daymräa nj `ms afrjjnmrjs jrab adai`js fmbdhom y bm dj hb
fmrnhaiab,
fmrnhaia b, pjrm caiäa nms quj dj vm`väab ``mfm.
mfm. Afmstudiraiab a sjouhr
dj. Fana vjz quj fmbsjouäa ub ijbjlhfhm, acä jstaiab `ms nms, qujrhjbnm
saijr tmnm
tmnm a` rjspjftm j hbshsthjbnm
hbshsthjb nm jb jejrfjr
jejrfjr su
suss njrjfcms. Zbm nj j``ms,
a quhjb njiäa mfcmfhjbtms nö`arjs, adjbazö fmb njdabnardj, va`mrar
dh dmih`harh
dmih `harhm,
m, jtf, Bm fmbfhim pmrquè pjbsaia quj ym jstaia tratabnm nj
mfu`tar nhbjrm, a djbms quj bm tuvhjra j` aspjftm nj ub vaoaiubnm a
pubtm nj dmrhrsj nj hbnhojbfha.
A djnhna quj jstunhaia j` prmi`jda dj cafäa dás fmbsfhjbtj nj
quj j` prmi`jda bm fmbshstäa jb `jjr `a fhbta, shbm jb `jjrdj a dh dhsdm.
dhsd m.
Yjfapafhtabnm fmb saborj lrha, ``jouè a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj bubfa
fmbsjouhräa bana sh sjouäa prjmfupábnmdj , y tadihèb jra mivhm quj hia
a sjouhr prjmfupanm dhjbtras tuvhjra njunas. M sja, dhjbtras quj ub
afrjjnmr tuvhjra j` pmnjr nj lasthnhardj m nj hbtjrljrhr jb dh rjorjsm,
hbshsthjbnm jb quj `j paoara abtjs nj pmnjr mitjbjr ub faphta` njfjbtj.
Jstm jra tab fhjrtm, quj dj nhej a dh dhsdm, " njim njf`arardj jb
quhjira." ½Què mtra fmsa pmnräa a`hvhar dh djbtj=
Warjfj láfh` y `öohfm, ½vjrnan= Wjrm jra nj `m dás njsaoranai`j,
sj `m pujnm asjourar. Mnhaia tjbjr quj cafjr`m. Mnhaia pmbjrdj jb uba
pmshfhöb jb `a quj hia a sjr da` jbtjbnhnm y da` euzoanm. Bubfa dj
hdpmrtö dufcm j` nhbjrm. Bubfa fmbshnjrè quj lujra sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
hdpmrtabtj fmdm para tjbjr quj djbthr pmr è`. Wjrm saiäa quj bm tmnm j`
dubnm pjbsaia `m dhsdm. Wmr supujstm, saiäa quj vm`vjräa a smstjbjrdj
nj bujvm fmb dhs prmphms phjs, y quj paoaräa a tmnm j` dubnm, pmrquj
 `a mi`hoafhöb pjrshstäa. Wjrm a djbms quj punhjra mpjrar fmdm abtjs,
bubfa sjräa fapaz nj njvm`vjr aquj` dh``öb.
Dj ``jbè nj va`mr y luh a vjr a dhs afrjjnmrjs.
afrjjn mrjs. Luj a`om du
duyy nhläfh`
para dä, pmrquj `a daymräa jrab adhoms pjrsmba`js m abthoums fmbmfh
nms.
@js jxp`hquè `a shtuafhöb fmb tmna lrabqujza. Nhe
Nhejj "Bm vmy a nar jstj
pasm pmrquj bm quhjra paoarms, shbm pmrquj jb eusthfha, para dä y para tä,
dj njim pmbjr jb shtuafhöb nj oabar nhbjrm.
nhbjr m. Cj jstanm pjbsabnm nar jstj
pasm nj lmrda jspmbtábja nurabtj nms añms, pjrm bm tjbäa j` va`mr nj
vjbhr y njfhr`m, ta` y fmdm `m jstmy cafhjbnm acmra. Cujihjra shnm dh`

1<9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

vjfjs djemr sh `m cuihjra cjfcm. Jb rjsudjb5 Dj js hdpmshi`j vm`vjr a
sjr ym dhsdm fuabnm jstmy aljftanm y prjmfupanm pmr `as njunas. Cj
njfhnhnm cafjr acmra `m quj njiäa caijr cjfcm cafj ub añm. X bm tjbom
bhbouba mtra razöb, sö`m `a quj tj afaim nj nar."
@m quj nhem
nhem jj`` prhdjrm nj j``ms luj, jb tmnms `ms sjbthnms,
sjbthnms , `m dhsdm
quj nhejrmb
nhejrmb tmnms `ms njdás.
nj dás. Cai`aia pmr su lhrda.
lhrda.
"@hvhbostmb," nhem, "`m jbtjbnjdms.
jbtjbnjdms . Bms nadms
nadms pjrljfta fujbta nj tu
pmshfhöb. ^j nhrè `m quj vadms a cafjr5 tj vadms a narnar ub njsfarom.
njsfarom . Caz quj
tu aimoanm prjparj tmnm `m bjfjsarhm y `m lhrdarjdms."
Jsm js, nj lmrda o`mia`, `m quj nhejrmb tmnms `ms afrjjnmrjs. Asä
js ub `anm nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Bm jra shdp`jdjbtj iujba nhspmshfhöb y
njpmrthvhnan. Jra tadihèb uba njfhshöb duy hbtj`hojbtj, jra njsnj `ujom
ub iujb
paraiuj
`msb bjomfhm.
bjomfhms.Xm aprjfhaia tabtm `a iujba vm`ubtan fmdm j` sjbthnm
Jstms afrjjnmrjs dj fmbfjnhjrmb ub njsfarom jb `as njunas quj
``joö a sudar uba fabthnan supjrhmr a` dh``öb nj nö`arjs. Wjrm caiäa nms
afrjjnmrjs nj djbmr
djbmr hdpmrtabfha quj bm jstaiab nhs
nhspujstms
pujstms a lhrdar.
lhrdar. Zbm
nj j``ms js aquè` nj` quj cj cai`anm, aquè` a` quj njiäa mfcmfhjbtms
nö`arjs. ^adihèb njiäa sjsjbta dh` nö`arjs a uba lhrda nj fmrrjtaej quj
caiäa hnm
hnm a `a quhjira, y `ms rjfjptmrjs, quj bm dj fmbmfäab a travès nj
Anad, jstaiab shjdprj fm`oanms nj dh fuj``m. Frjm, anjdás, quj
aubquj j``ms cuihjrab jstanm nhspujstms a sjouhr j` jejdp`m nj `ms mtrms
afrjjnmrjs,
nmfudjbtm j`nj trhiuba`
quhjira bm
jra`js cairäa
sö`m njeanm
nj fhjb dh` lhrdar. Nj
dh` nö`arjs, tmnmsfmdm
aaubquj,
ubquj, dmnms
yadh
ya cj
nhfcm, njiäa dás nj ub dh``öb.
Luj jxtradanadjbtj njsaoranai`j vjr `a chstmrha jb `ms pjrhönh
fms. Vhjdprj caiäa paoanm tmnas dhs njunas y jsta bujva jxpjrhjbfha dj
jstaia dmrthlhfabnm. Vaiäa quj a`oõb näa njvm`vjräa tmnas `as njunas, sh
js quj vhväa, pjrm bm tmnms `ms quj `jäab j` pjrhönhfm `m saiäab. Dj naia
vjroðjbza sa`hr njspuès nj vjr j` artäfu`m jb j` pjrhönhfm. Wjrm tmnm jsm
sj pasö, y bm pujnm jxp`hfar `m hbtjbsm quj luj dh sjbthdhjbtm nj a`hvhm
a` saijr quj ya bm hia a sjr afmsanm pmr ojbtj quj bm jbtjbnäa quj ub
cmdirj njij jbtrjoar
njij
jb `a jspjfu`afhöb fmbtmna su djbtj a `ms bjomfhms,
va`mrjs. bjomfhms , sh njsja tjbjr èxhtm
Acmra quj dh djbtj ya jstaia `hirj, para jdpjzar a mpjrar fmb
jspjrabzas nj èxhtm, j` pasm shouhjbtj fmbshstäa jb mitjbjr mtrm faphta`.
@a im`sa caiäa pjrdabjfhnm fjrrana njsnj lhba`js nj eu`hm casta djnha-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1<6

nms nj sjpthjdirj, 181>, y _a`` Vtrjjt jstaia nj fapa fahna. Bm jxhsthö
bhboõb thpm nj bjomfhm nurabtj dufcm thjdpm. Njiäa nhbjrm a tmnms dhs
adhoms. Bm pmnäa pjrnhr`js quj dj ayunarab nj bujvm, sö`m pmrquj
cuihjrab shnm tab iujbms adhoms, fuabnm saiäa quj banhj jstaia jb
shtuafhöb nj cafjr dufcm pmr dä.
Fmbsjouhr ub faphta` njfjbtj jra uba tarja nhläfh`, anjdás fmb j`
fhjrrj nj `a im`sa, bm pmnäa pjnhr a bhboõb fmrrjn
fmrrjnmrmr quj chfhjra bana pmr
dä. @m hbtjbtè jb varhms shthms. Bm shrvhö nj bana.
A` lhba`, luh
luh a vjr a Nab _h``hadsmb. Jra jj`` djs nj ljirjrm nj` añm
181:. @j nhej quj dj caiäa njscjfcm nj` äbfuim djbta`
dj bta` nj `a njuna y quj
jstaia prjparanm para mpjrar fmdm abtjs. Yjfmrnaráb quj fuabnm dj
bjfjshtö dj mlrjfhö `a fabthnan nj vjbthfhbfm dh` nö`arjs shb quj ym sj
`ms phnhjra.
Acmraa quj ym `j bjfjshtaia nnhem
Acmr hem5"
5" Fuabn
Fuabnmm vja a`om quj tjboa iujb
aspjftm y quhjra fmdprar quhbhjbtas affhmbjs, cáoa`m y jstarè nj afujr
nm."
@j nh `as orafhas y dj luh. È` caiäa jvhtanm quj ym chfhjra
chfhj ra uba orab
fabthnan nj nhbjrm y jb fadihm,
f adihm, `a ml
mlhfh
hfhba
ba caiäa oabanm fmbdhom dufcm
nhbjrm jb fmdhshmbjs. Njim andhthr quj jstuvj ub pmfm rjsjbthnm a`
pjbsar quj _h``hadsmb & Irmwb bm dj caiäa nanm ub faphta` njfjbtj.
^jbäa `a hbtjbfhöb nj mpjrar nj lmrda fmbsjrvanmra a` prhbfhphm. @a
rjfupjrafhöb lhbabfhjra sjräa dás láfh` y ráphna sh pmnäa jdpjzar fmb uba
`äbja supjrhmr a `as quhbhjbtas affhmbjs. Wjrm, nj tmnms dmnms, dj nh
fujbta, nj quj ta` y fmdm jstaia, jra dh mpmrtubhnan nj vm`vjr.
Njeèè `a mlhfhba nj Na
Nje Nabb _h``hadsm
_h``hadsmbb y jstun
jstunhè
hè `a shtuafhö
shtuafhöbb nj ub dmnm
ojbjra` y dh prmi`jda nj ub dmnm parthfu`ar. J` djrfanm jra a`fhsta. Jsm
jra tab mivhm para dä fmdm para dh`js nj mpjranmrjs. Wjrm dh faphta`
 fmbshstäa tab sm`m
sm`m jb uba mljr
mljrta
ta para ``jvar quhbhjb
quhbhjbtas
tas affhmbjs.
affhm bjs. Bm tjbäa
thjdpm quj pjrnjr, `hdhtanm fmdm jstaia. Bm pmnäa pjrdhthrdj bh shquhjra
ub `hojrm fmbtrathjdpm a` prhbfhphm. Jsa prhdjra fmdpra hbhfh
hbhfha`
a` nj quhbhjb
tas affhmbjs njiä
njiäaa prmnufhr ijbjlhfhms. ^jbäa quj fmbsjouhr nhbjrm rja`.
Vaiäa quj, a djbms quj tuvhjra sulhfhjbtj faphta` mpjrathvm, bm pmnräa
``jvar a faim `ms euhfhms aprmphanms. Vhb `ms dárojbjs anjfuanms sjräa
hdpmshi`j tmdar uba afthtun njsapashmbana, fmb saborj lräa, cafha j`
eujom quj vhjbj nj `a caih`hnan nj pjrdhthrsj ubas fuabtas pèrnhnas
pjqujñas, fmdm dj mfurrhö tabtas vjfjs pmbhjbnm a prujia j` djrfanm
abtjs nj `abzar `a apujsta.

1<> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Acmra phjbsm quj, jb aquj``ms dmdjbtms dj jbfmbtraia jb j`

pjrhmnm dás fräthfm nj dh farrjra fmdm jspjfu`anmr. Vh la``aia jsta vjz,
bm saiäa nöbnj m fuábnm pmnräa fmbsjouhr mtrm faphta` para hbtjbtar`m nj
bujvm, sh js quj a`ouba vjz `m fmbsjouäa.
Jstaia f`arm quj `m õbhfm quj njiäa cafjr jra jspjrar j` dmdjbtm
pshfm`öohfm jxaftm.
Bm dj afjrquè a _h``hadsmb & Irmwb. Quhjrm njfhr, dj dabtuvj
a`jeanm nj j``ms, hbtjbfhmbanadjbtj, nurabtj sjhs `aroas sjdabas nj ub
prmlubnm jstunhm nj `a fhbta. ^jdäa quj sh hia a `a mlhfhba, saihjbnm quj
pmnäa fmdprar quhbhjbtas
quhbhjb tas affhmb
a ffhmbjs,
js, pmnäa
pmnä a fajr jb `a tjbtafhöb nj mpjrar jb
ub dmdjbtm da`m, fmb ub va`mr bm aprmphanm. Zb mpjranmr, anjdás nj
jstunhar `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas, rjfmrnabnm `ms prjfjnjbtjs nj` djrfa
nm, y tjbhjbnm jb fujbta `a pshfm`moäa nj` põi`hfm jxtjrhmr asä fmdm `as
`hdhtafhmbjs nj sus fmrrjnmrjs, njij tadihèb fmbmfjrsj a sä dhsdm y
jblrjbtarsj a su prmpha njih`hnan.
njih`hn an. Bm cafj la`ta sjbthr jbmem fmbtra
fmbtr a j` sjr
cudabm. Cj ``joanm a sjbthr quj js bjfjsarhm saijr fmdm `jjrdj a dä
dhsdm a` houa` quj fmdm `jjr `a fhbta.Cj jstunhanm y asudhnm dhs
prmphas rjaffhmbjs abtj hdpu`sms njtjrdhbanms m abtj `as hbjvhtai`js
tjbtafhmbjs nj ub djrfanm afthvm, nj` dhsdm dmnm quj cj fmbshnjranm
`as fmbnhfhmbjs nj `as fmsjfcas m cj aba`hzanm `ms hblmrdjs nj ijbjlh
fhms.
Wmr `m tabtm, näa tras näa, jb `a quhjira y abshmsm nj vm`vj
vm`vjrr a mpjrar,
dj sjbtaia
fmrrjnmr jb lrjbtj
jb nmbnj nj` tai`jrm
bm pmnäa nj mfmthzafhmbjs
fmdprar vjbnjr dásnjnj `auba
mlhfhba
affhöbnjnjmtrm
ub
va`mr, y jstunhaia j` djrfanm, bm pasaia pmr a`tm bh uba sm`a trabsaffhöb
nj `as quj dmstraia `a fhbta, iusfabnm j` dmdjbtm pshfm`öohfm para
aprjtar j` thdirj nj a`ta vj`mfhnan.
A fausa nj `as fmbnhfhm
fmbn hfhmbjs
bjs fmbmfhnas
fmbmfh nas pmr tmnm j` dub
dubnm,
nm, j` va`mr fmb
j` quj dás a` a`za jstaia, jb aquj``ms
aquj`` ms näas fräthfms nj prhbfhp
prhbfhphms
hms nj 181:,
jra Ijtc`jcjd Vtjj`. Jstaia sjourm nj quj hia a suihr, pjrm para
asjourardj nj quj hia a oabar jb dh prhdjra euoana, njfhnä jspjrar casta
quj suihjra pmr jbfhda nj `a par.

Frjm quj
va`mr fruza ya cjm nhfcm
177,977 quj,
677 pmr sjoõbvjz,
prhdjra dh jxpjrhjbfha, shjdprj quj ub
fash shjdprj shouj suihjbnm
67 m :7 pubtms, y njspuès nj 677 fmb dufca dás vj`mfhnan quj njspuès
nj 177 y 977. Zbm nj dhs prhdjrms om`pjs luj jb Abafmbna, quj fmdprè
fuabnm fruzö 977 y vjbnä dás tarnj jb 9<7. Dh práfthfa nj fmdprar ub

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1<:

va`mr eustm njspuès nj quj fruzara `a par, nataia nj dhs prhdjrms näas jb
`ms iufkjt scmps. Js ub vhjem prhbfhphm mpjrathvm.

abthouaVjjsfa`a.
pujnjVjbtäa
hdaohbar `asnjsjms
tabtms oabas nj
qujjdpjzar
sjbtäa nj
qujvm`vjr a mpjrar
bm pmnäa pjbsara dh
jb
bana dás; pjrm dj fmbtuvj.
fmbtuvj . \h quj Ijtc`jcjd Vtjj` suiäsuiäa,
a, fana näa, fana
vjz dás a`tm, fmdm ym ya saiäa, y shb jdiarom ym jstaia tmnaväa acä
aba`hzabnm dh hdpu`sm nj fmrrjr
fmr rjr cafha `a mlhfhba nj _h``hadsmb & Irmwb
Irmwb
y fmdprar quhbhjbtas affhmbjs.
affhmbj s. Vaiäa quj dh mpjrafhöb hbhfha` caiäa nj sjr
tab mivha fmdm lujra
lujra pmshi`
pmshi`j.
j.
Fana pubtm quj suiäa j` va`mr, shobhlhfaiab quhbhjbtms nö`arjs quj
bm caiäa cjfcm. J` asfjbsm nj `ms prhdjrms nhjz pubtms, shobhlhfaia quj
cairäa pmnhnm phradhnar, y jb vjz nj quhbhjbtms nö`arjs, pmnäa tjbjr
acmra dh` affhmbjs quj dj naräab ubms ijbjlhfhms nj dh` nö`arjs pmr
pubtm. Wjr
Wjrmm dj frjjbfhas,
dhs f`admrmsas sjbtè, y jbprjstè
vjz njatjbfhöb
prjstar aaatjbfh
tjbfhöb
öbnj
`a vmz a dhs jspjra
jspjrabzas
bzasyma`a
`a jxpjrhjbfha
fmbsjem nj` sjbthnm fmdõb.
Zba vjz quj rjubhjra ub faphta` njfjbtj, dj pmnäa pjrdhthr j` `uem
nj prmiar lmrtuba.
lmrtuba. Wjrm shb ub faphta` nnjfjbtj,
jfjbtj, fua`quhjr rhjsom, hbf`usm
j` dás `hojrm, jra ub `uem tmta`djbtj lujra nj dh a`fabfj. Vjhs sjdabas
nj pafhjbfha, pjrm,
p jrm, a` lhba`, ¡`a
¡`a vhftmrha nj` sjbthnm fmdõb smirj `a `ueurha
`ueurha
y `a jspjrabza!
Fmdjbfè a tjdi`ar y a sunar saborj fuabnm j` va`mr suihö casta
87. Whjbsj jb `m quj bm caiäa cjfcm, a` bm fmdprar, fuabnm jstaia tab a`
a`za. Wujs ihjb, fuabnm ``joö a 83 dj nhej a dä dhsdm, "¡Ijtc`jcjd va
a smirjpasar `ms 177!". @a fhbta njfäa `m dhsdm, fmb tmna sjourhnan. Nj
cjfcm uth`hfè ub djoálmbm. @m nhom nj vjrnan, vh ub 177 jb `a fhbta
fuabnm j` thfkjr jstaia
jstaia hdprhdhjbnm ub 83 83.. X ym saiäa quj èèsa
sa bm jra `a
 vmz nj dh jspjrabza bh `a vhshöb nj dh njsjm, shbm `a alhrdafhöb nj dh
hbsthbtm jb `a `jftura nj `a fhb
fhbta.
ta. Asä quj dj nhej, "Bm pujnm jspjrar casta
quj smirjpasj 177. ^jbom quj cafjr`m acmra. Js ttab ab iujbm fmdm sh
cuihjra smirjpasanm `a par."
Dj nhrhoä aprjsuranadjbtj a `a mlhfhba nj _h``hadsmb & Irmwb,
jbtrjoè uba mrnjb nj fmdpra nj quhbhjbtas affhmbjs. J` djrfanm jstaia
jbtmbfjs jb 83. Fmdprè quhbhjbtas affhmbjs jbtrj 83 y 88. ^ras jstm
jxpjrhdjbtö uba suihna, y jsa bmfcj fjrrö, frjm, jb 11>m 11:. Fmdprè
quhbhjbtas affhmbjs dás.
J` näa shouhjbtj Ijtc`jcjd Vtjj`
Vtjj` jstaia jb 1>
1>:: y ym tjbäa dh faphta`.

1<<<
1< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
Dj `m caiäa oabanm. Aquj``as sjhs sjdabas jspjrabnm j` dmdjbtm anj
fuanm lujrmb `as sjhs sjdabas das jstrjsabtjs y aomtanmras nj dh vhna.
Wjrm djrjfhjrmb `a pjba, pmrquj acmra tjbäa faphta` sulhfhjbtj para
mpjrar a orab jsfa`a. Bubfa cairäa ``joanm a bhbouba partj fmb sö`m
quhbhjbtas affhmbjs.
Vja fua` sja `a jdprjsa, js duy afmbsjeai`j jdpjzar ihjb, y a dä
dj luj duy ihjb tras dh mpjrafhöb fmb Ijtc`jcjd, tab ihèb, quj ustjn
bm cuihjra frjhnm quj sj trataia nj` dhsdm cmdirj. Nj cjfcm, bm jra j`
dhsdm cmdirj, pmrquj jb nmbnj caiäa jstanm afmsanm y jquhvmfanm,
jstaia acmra rj`aeanm y jb `m fmrrjftm. Bm caiäa afrjjnmrjs quj dj
afmsarab bh la`ta nj lmbnms quj punhjrab hbtjrljrhr jb dh pjbsadhjbtm m
jb j` sjouhdhjbtm nj `a vjrnanjra vmz nj `a jxpjrhjbfha, pmr `m tabtm
jstaia sjourm nj quj hia a oabar.
Nj rjpjbtj, jstaia jbfadhbanm a uba orab lmrtuba, sj prmnuem `a
ruptura nj@ushtabha. Fana pmfm thjdpm, ub cmdirj rjfhij
rjfh ij ub frafk nj jsj
thpm jb j` p`jxm sm`ar, sjouradjbtj para rjfmrnar`j j` trhstj cjfcm nj quj
bhboõb sjr
sjr cudabm pujnj jstar jb uba pmshfhöb
pmshfhöb tab fmrrjfta jb j` d
djrfanm,
jrfanm,
fmdm para jstar lujra nj` a`fabfj nj `ms affhnjbtjs hdprmnufthvms. Cj
mhnm njfhr, a `a ojbtj, quj a bhboõb jspjfu`anmr prmljshmba` `j njiäab
caijr hdpaftanm lujrtjdjbtj `as bmthfhas nj `ms tmrpjnms nj @ushtabha y
sjouäab njfhjbnm quj
quj j``ms `m caiäab saihnm abtjs quj `a fa``j. Bm jra
hbtj`hojbtj jsfaparsj pmr djnhm nj `a hblmrdafhöb pmr anj`abtanm, y tmnm
`m quj pujnm njfhr js quj a fujbta nj `m quj pjrnä a travès nj `a ruptura
nj @ushtabha y ubm m nms fmbtrathjdpms quj bm luh fapaz nj prjvjr, dj
jbfmbtrè a lhba`js nj 181: fmb quj j` ia`abfj fmb dhs fmrrjnmrjs jra nj
fhjbtm fuarjbta
fuarjbta dh` nö`arjs. Js
Jsmm js tmnm `m quj chfj, aubquj jstuvj jb `a
pmshfhöb fmrrjfta nurabtj `a daymr partj nj` añm.
 J` añm shouhjbtj dj luj dufcm djemr. ^uvj dufca sujrtj. @as
fmsas jstaiab sa`hjbnm ihjb pmr sh sm`as,
sm` as, asä `m õbhfm quj caiäa quj cafjr,
jra oabar
oabar nhbjrm. Dj chzm rjfmrnar ub nhfcm nj C.C.Ymojrs, nj Vtabnarn
Mh` Fmdpaby, smirj j` cjfcm nj a`oubas vjfjs, uba pjrsmba bm pmnäa
jvhtar cafjr nhbjrm, nj` dhsdm dmnm quj bm bm pmnäa jvhtar dmearsj, sh
``mväa y sa`äa a `a fa``j shb paraouas.
Luj j` djrfanm a` a`za dás f`aradjbtj njlhbhnm quj tuvhdms. Jra
mivhm para tmnm j` dubnm, quj `a fmdpra nj `ms a`hanms nj tmna f`asj nj
mljrtas, cafäab quj `ms Jstanms Zbhnms lujra `a bafhöb dás pröspjra nj`
dubnm.
dubn m. ^jbäadms a `a vjbta, fmsas quj banhj dás tjbäa, y bms jstáiadms

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpj
mpjranmr
ranmr nj affhmbjs
af fhmbjs 1<?
cafhjbnm ráphnadjbtj fmb j` nhbjrm nj` rjstm nj` dubnm. Dj rjlhjrm a
quj tmnm j` mrm nj` dubnm jstaia jbtrabnm a fcmrrms jb jstj paäs. @a
hbl`afhöb jra hbjvhtai`j y, pmr supujstm, jstm darfö `a suihna jb tmnms `ms
prjfhms.
^mnm jstm luj tab jvhnjbtj, njsnj j` prhbfhphm, quj apjbas chzm
la`ta dabhpu
dab hpu`ar
`ar j` asfjbsm.
asfjbs m. Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj j` traiaem prj`
prj`hdhb
hdhbar
ar
luj dufcm djbmr quj jb mtrms djrfanms a` a`za. J` immd nj `a oujrra bm
sm`m sj njsarrm``ö fmb dás batura`hnan quj bhboõb mtrm, shbm quj,
anjdas, njdmströ sjr nj `m dás ijbjlhfhmsm para j` põi`hfm jb ojbjra`.
Msja, `as oababfhas jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, nurabtj 181:, sj nhstrhiu
yjrmb dás adp`hadjbtj quj jb bhboõb mtrm immd nj `a chstmrha nj _a``
Vtrjjt. J` cjfcm nj quj j` põi`hfm
põi `hfm bm fadihara
fadiha ra sus ijbjlhfhms jb papj`
pmr nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm m quj bm dabtuvhjrab nurabtj dufcm thjdpm `ms
ijbjlhfhms quj caiäab tmdanm, dmstraia quj `a chstmrha sj rjpjtäa nj
bujvm. @a chstmrha bm sj rjphtj jb bhboõb `uoar fmb tabta lrjfujbfha y
ubhlmrdhnan fmdm jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Fuabnm ubm `jj afjrfa nj `ms immds
m pábhfms fmbtjdpmrábjms, `m quj dás smrprjbnj js `a pmfa nhljrjbfha
quj jxhstjbtj jbtrj `a jspjfu`afhöb nj cmy y `a nj ayjr. J` eujom bm
fadiha y `a batura`jza cudaba tadpmfm.
Dj luj ihjb jb j` asfjbsm nj 181<. Xm jstaia a` a`za, pjrm pmr
supujstm, fmb `ms mems aihjrtms. Vaiäa, a` houa` quj tmnm j` dubnm, y ym
jstaia a`jrta abtj `as sjña`js nj avhsm. Bm tjbäa ub jspjfha` hbtjrès jb
anhvhbar nj nmbnj vjbnräa j` avhsm, asä quj bm misjrvaia sö`m ub pubtm.
Bm jstaia, y frjm
frjm quj bubfa cj jstanm,
jstanm , hbnhsm`ui`jdjbtj
hbnhsm`u i`jdjbtj jbrahzan
jbrahzanmm jb
ubm u J`
mtrmcjfcm
`anm nj
nj`quj
djrfanm.
ub djrfanm a` a`za caya audjbtanm dh fujbta nj`
iabfm,, m nj quj ub djrfanm
iabfm djrfan m a `a iaea
iaea caya shnm parthfu`ardjbtj
parthfu`ardjb tj ojbjrms
ojbjrmsm,
m,
 bm frjm quj
qu j sja razöb sulhfhjbtj
s ulhfhjbtj para aljrrarsj a` `anm a`fhsta m iaehsta
tras rjfhihr `a sjña` nj avhsm nj sa`hna. Zb cmdirj bm eura `ja`tan jtjrba
a` `anm a`fhsta m iaehsta nj ub djrfanm. Vu õbhfm hbtjrès fmbshstj jb jstar
jb j` `anm fmrrjftm.
X cay a`om dás quj sj njij rjfmrnar, y js quj ub djrfanm bm
fu`dhba jb ub orab rjsp`abnmr nj o`mrha. ^adpmfm tjrdhba fmb ub rj
pjbthbm fadihm nj lmrda. Zb djrfanm pujnj, y nj cjfcm sufjnj a
djbunm, njear nj sjr a`fhsta, dufcm abtjs nj quj `ms prjfhms fmdhjbfjb
a rmdpjrsj.@a sjña` nj avhsm quj caiäa jspjranm nurabtj tabtm thjdpm,
``joö fuabnm bmtè quj, ubm tras mtrm, `ms va`mrjs `änjrjs nj` djrfanm

1<33
1< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
rjaffhmbarmb varhms pubtms pmr njiaem nj` tjfcm y, pmr prhdjra vjz jb
dufcms djsjs, bm vm`vhjrmb. Vj caiäa tjrdhbanm `a farrjra, y jstm jxhoha
jxhoh a
f`aradjbtj, ub shdp`j.
Jra duy
duy fadihm
shdp` jb ub
j. Jb dhsdjrfanm
táfthfasa`mpjrathvas.
a`za `a tjbnjbfha nj `ms prjfhms
prjfhms,,
pmr supujstm, va cafha arrhia. Wmr `m tabtm, shjdprj quj ub va`mr va jb
fmbtra nj `a tjbnjbfha ojbjra` js `öohfm asudhr quj a`om va da` fmb jsj
njtjrdhbanm va`mr. Jstm js sulhfhjbtj para quj j` mpjranmr jxpjrhdjb
tanm pjrfhia quj mfurrj a`om rarm. Bm sj njij jspjrar quj `a fhbta nè ub
suojsthvm nhsfursm. Vu traiaem fmbshstj jb jsfufcar fuabnm `a fhbta nhoa
"¡sa`!" y bm jspjrar a quj prjsjbtj abtj tus mems ub jsfrhtm `joa` nj
aprmiafhöb.
Fmdm ya cj nhfcm abtjs, misjrvè quj `ms va`mrjs quj caiäab
`hnjranm
sjhs j` pubtms
m shjtj daravh``msm avabfj, caiäab
y sj qujnarmb acä. A`njeanm
dhsdmnj avabzar.
thjdpm, Fayjrmb
j` rjstm nj`
djrfnm shouhö avabzabnm iaem bujvas sjña`js stabnarn. Bm sj caiäa
prmnufhnm bhboõb fmbl`hftm jb `as fmdpañäas, pmr `m tabtm `a razöb sj
njiäa iusfar jb mtrm shthm. Jstms va`mrjs sj caiäab dmvhnm fmb `a
fmrrhjbtj nurabtj djsjs. Fuabnm njearmb nj cafjr`m, aubquj `a mbna
a`fhsta jra tmnaväa duy lujrtj, shobhlhf
shobhlhföö j` lhba` nj` djrfanm a` a`za para
jsms njtjdhbanms va`mrjs. Wara j` rjstm nj `a `hsta, `a tjbnjbfha jra
tmnaväa njfhnhnadjbtj a`fhsta.
Bm caiäa razöb para qujnarsj pjrp`jem j hbafthvm, pmrquj, rja`
djbtj, bm cuim fmrrhjbtjs nj frufj. Bm dj vm`vä iaehsta jb j` djrfanm
jbtmbfjs, pmrquj `a fhbta dj nhem quj `m chfhjra. J` lhba` nj` djrfanm
a`fhsta bm caiäa ``joanm, aubquj bm la`taia dufcm. Jb jspjra nj su
``joana, caiäa tmnaväa dufcm nhbjrm a`fhsta para oabar. Abtj jstj fasm,
sö`m dj vm`vä iaehsta fmb `ms va`mrjs quj caiäab njeanm nj avabzar y
fmdm j` rjstm nj` djrfanm tjbäa a sus jspa`nas pmnjr asfjbnjbtj,
fmdprè y vjbnä.
\jbnä `ms va`mrjs `änjrjs quj caiäab njeanm nj sjr`m. Wusj uba
`äbja fmrta nj quhbhjbtas affhmbjs jb fanm ubm nj j``ms; y njspuès dj
pusj a `arom fmb `ms bujvms va`mrjs `änjrjs. @ms va`mrjs fmb `ms quj
jstaia a `arom bm chfhjrmb orab fmsa, pjrm `ms va`mrjs a `arom shouhjrmb
suihjbnm.
suihjb nm. Fuabnm lhba`djbtj jstms njear
njearmb
mb nj avabzar `ms vjbnä y dj
pusj a fmrtm, quhbhjbtas affhmbjs nj fana ubm. Wara jbtmbfjs jra ya dás
iaehsta quj a`fhsta, pmrquj mivhadjbtj, j` pröxhdm ijbjlhfhm hdpmrtabtj
`m hia a fmbsjouhr jb j` `anm iaehsta. Aubquj jstaia sjourm nj quj j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpj
mpjranmr
ranmr nj af
affhmbjs
fhmbjs P <8

djrfanm a` a`za caiäa lhba`hzanm, saiäa quj tmnaväa bm jra dmdjbtm nj

jstar duy a `a iaea. Bm tjbäa bhboõb
bhbo õb sjbthnm
sjb thnm sjr dás "Yja`" quj
q uj j` Yjy;

ynjsmirj tmnm sjr`m

`a ardana tab prmbtm.
prhbfhpa` caiäab@a fhbtaya.
sa`hnm sm`mJra
caiäa
cmranhfcm quj `as patru``as
nj prjpararsj.
Vjouä fmdprabnm y vjbnhjbnm, casta quj njspuès nj ub djs nj
mpjrafhmbjs tuvj uba `äbja a fmrtm nj sjsjbta dh` affhmbjs, fhbfm dh`
affhmbjs nj nmfj va`mrjs nhljrjbtjs, quj caiäab shnm fmb abtjrhmrhnan `ms
lavmrhtms nj` põi`hfm, pmrquj caiäab shnm `ms `änjrjs nj` orab djrfanm a`
a`za. Bm jra uba `äbja duy lujrtj; pjrm bm m`vhnjdms quj j` djrfanm
tadpmfm jra njlhbhthvadjbtj iaehsta.
Njspuès,
Njspu ès, ub näa,
näa, tmnm j` djrfanm sj njih`htö iastabtj y jdpjzar
jdpjzarmb mb
a fajr `ms prjfhms nj tmnms `ms va`mrjs. Fuabnm tjbäa uba oababfha nj a`
djbms fuatrm pubtms jb tmnms y fana ubm nj `ms nmfj va`mrjs fmb `ms quj
jstaia a fmrtm,
a `a iaea,fmasä
rtm,quj
saiäa
saiänmi`è
a quj tjbäa razöb. @a fhbta dj nhem quj jra sjourm jstar
ráphnadjbtj.
Xa tjbäa dh pmshfhöb. Jstaia a fmrtm jb ub djrfanm f`aradjbtj
iaehsta. Bm caiäa bjfjshnan
bjfjshnan nj thrar nj `a fujrn
fujrna.
a. J` djrfanm
djr fanm hia a sjouhr j`
fadhbm quj ym jspjraia, y, saihjbnm jstm, dj pmnäa pjrdhthr j` `uem nj
jspjrar. Njspuès nj nmi`ar bm chfj bhbouba mpjrafhöb nurabtj a`oõb
thjdpm. A`rjnjnmr nj shjtj sjdabas njspuès nj pmbjr `a `äbja fmdp`jta,
tuvhdms j` ladmsm "jsfapj," y `ms prjfhms jxpjrhdjbtarmb uba tjrrhi`j
ruptura.
ruptur a. Vj nhem quj
quj a`ouhjb
a`ouhjb caiäa anj`abtanm
anj`abta nm `a bmthfha njsnj _aschbotmb,
_aschbo tmb,
nj quj j` Wrjshnjbtj _h`smb hia a `abzar ub djbsaej quj njvm`vjräa `a
pa`mda nj `a paz a Jurmpa ráphnadjb
ráph nadjbtj.
tj. Wmr
Wm r supujstm, j` immd fmdjbzö
fmdjbz ö
y sj dabtuvm
dab tuvm a fausa
fausa nj `a oujrra dubnha`,
dubn ha`, y `a paz jra ub tèrdhbm
tèrdh bm iaehsta.
iaehsta.
Fuabnm ubm nj `ms dás hbtj`hojbtjs mpjranmrjs nj` parquè, luj afusanm
nj ijbjlhfharsj nj hblmrdafhöb nj avabfj, nhem, shdp`jdjbtj, quj è` bm
 caiäa vjbnhnm va`mrjs
va`mrjs jb iasj a bhbouba bmthfha, shbm pmrquj
pmrqu j fmbshnjra
ia quj j` djrfanm a` a`za jra njdashanm danurm. Xm dhsdm caiäa
nmi`anm dh `äbja a fmrtm shjtj sjdabas abtjs
Fmb `as bmthfhas, j` djrfanm jxpjrhdjbtö ub orab njsfjbsm y ym,
batura`djbtj, dj pusj a fuihjrtm. Jra `a õbhfa euoana pmshi`j. Fuabnm
mfurrj a`om fmb `m quj bm fmbtaias fuabnm chfhstj tus p`abjs, `m djemr js
quj aprmvjfcjs `a mpmrtubhnan quj tj pujna mlrjfjr ub njsthbm aorana
i`j.
Jb ub orab njsfjbsm fmdm èstj,nhspmbjs nj ub orab djrfanm, ub
djrfanm jb j` quj pujnjs ohrar, y jstm js houa` quj fmbvjrthr tus

1?7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

ijbjlhfhms jb papj` jb nhbjrm rja`. Hbf`usm jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea, ub
cmdirj bm pujnj shjdprj fuirhr fhjbtm vjhbtj dh` affhmbjs nj ub va`mr
shb pmbjrsj ub prjfhm. Njij jspjrar a quj j` djrfanm `j pjrdhta fmdprar
jsa fabthnan shb nañm para `ms ijbjlhfhms jb `a fabthnan quj dujstrab sus
ijbjlhfhms jb papj`.
Dj oustaräa sjña`ar quj bm jstaia fmbtabnm fmb jsa njtjrdhbana
ruptura,
ruptu ra, jb jsj dmdjbtm njtjrdhbanm y pmr jsa rarazöb
zöb njtjrdhbana. Wjrm,
Wjrm ,
fmdm ya cj nhfcm fmb abtjrhmrhnan, dh jxpjrhjbfha nj trjhbta añms fmdm
mpjranmr dj nhfj quj ta`js affhnjbtjs sj prmnufjb, ojbjra`djbtj, a `m
`arom nj `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha smirj `a fua` iasm dh pmshfhöb jb
j` djrfanm. Mtra fmsa quj cay quj tjbjr jb fujbta js jstm5
jstm 5 Bubfa hbtjbtjs
vjbnjr jb j` tjfcm. Bm js hbtj`hojbtj. \jbnj njspuès nj `a rjaffhöb
rjaffhö b sh bm cay
rjfupjrafhöb.
Jb 181< fmbsjouä fash trjs dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs pmshfhmbábnmdj
a`fhsta dhjbtras nuraia j` djrfanm a`fhsta y shjbnm iaehsta, fuabnm
fmdjbzaia j` djrfanm iaehsta. Fmdm ya nhej abtjs, uba pjrsmba bm thjbj
bjfjshnan nj fasarsj fmb ub `anm nj` djrfanm casta quj `a dujrtj `js
sjparj.
Aquj` hbvhjrbm luh a` Vur, a Wa`d Ijafc, fmdm jb fash tmnas dhs
vafhmbjs,, pmrquj smy ub orab alhfhmbanm a `a pjsfa jb aoua sa`ana. Jstaia
vafhmbjs
a fmrtm fmb `ms va`mrjs y fmb j` trhom, y adias `äbjas dj dmstraiab ub
ijbjlhfhm fmbshnjrai`j. Bm dj prjmfupaia bana y dj `m jstaia pasabnm
ihjb. Wmr supujstm, a djbms quj vay
vayaa a Jurmpa, bm pujnm jstar tmta`djb
tj lujra
lujra nj fmbtaftm fmb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs m djrfa
djrfabfäas.
bfäas. Jb `as Anh-
rmbnafks, pmr jejdp`m, tjbom `äbja nhrjfta jbtrj dh fasa y `a mlhfhba nj
dh fmrrjnmr.
 Jb Wa`d Ijafc, sm`äa
sm` äa hr fmb rjou`ar
rjou`arhnan
hnan a `a mlhfh
mlhfhba
ba sufursa` nj dhs
fmrrjnmrjs. Misjrvè quj j` a`omnöb, jb j` quj bm tjbäa hbtjrès,
hbt jrès, jra lujrtj
lujrtj y
asfjbnjbtj. Jb aquj` jbtmbfjs, jstm jra jb 181?, sj mäab dufcms fmdj fmdjbta-
bta-
rhsm afjrfa nj `ms jslujrzms nj` prjshnjbtj _aschbotmb para fmbsjouhr `a
paz. @ms hblmrdjs vjbäab njsnj _aschbotmb, jb lmrda nj njspafcms nj
prjbsa y fmbsjems prhvanms a `ms adhoms
adhoms nj Wa`d Ijafc. Wmr jsj dmthvm, ub
näa
jb j`tuvj `a sjbsafhöb
èxhtm nj quj Fmb
nj Dr. _h`smb. `ms nhvjrsms djrfanms
uba vhshöb rjl`jeaiab
tab fjrfaba nj `afmblhabza
paz, `ms
va`mrjs y j` trhom njsfjbnjräab y j` a`omnöb suihräa. @m tjbäa tmnm
sm`ufhmbanm jb rj`afhöb fmb `ms va`mrjs y j` a`omnöb, pjrm cafäa a`oõb
thjdpm quj bm caiäa cjfcm bana fmb j` a`omnöb.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1?1

Jsa tarnj, a `as 9,97 bm tjbäa jb dh pmnjr bh usa sm`a affhöb, pjrm
a `as nms 9,9: dh frjjbfha nj quj `a paz jra hbdhbjbtj chzm quj fmdprara
quhbfj dh` affhmbjs para jdpjzar. Dj caiäa prmpujstm sjouhr dh abthoum
shstjda nj mpjrafhöb, m sja, fmdprar `a `äbja fmdp`jta, quj ya cj
njsfrhtm.
Jsa dhsda tarnj, njspuès nj quj j` djrfanm sj fjrrara, tuvhdms
bmthfha nj` lhb nj `a oujrra. Bm sj pmnäa cafjr bana, sö`m jspjrar a quj
j` djrfanm sj airhjra j` näa shouhjbtj. Yjfujrnm quj aquj``a bmfcj jb
Orhn`jy, ubm nj `ms dás orabnjs `änjrjs nj `a hbnustrha nj` paäs, mlrjfäa
`a vjbta nj fua`quhjr fabthnan nj Zbhtjn Vtatjs Vtjj` a fhbfm pubtms pmr
njiaem nj` prjfhm nj fhjrrj nj aquj``a tarnj. Banhj afjptö `a mljrta.
Vaiäabb quj sj hia a prmnufhr uba or
Vaiäa orab
ab ruptura fmb `a apjrtura.
Wmr supujstm, fmdm sj pujnj ubm hdaohbar, a `a dañaba shouhjbtj
cuim ub tjrrhi`j a`imrmtm. A`oubms va`mrjs airhjrmb mfcm pubtms pmr
njiaem nj` prjfhm nj fhjrrj nj `a tarnj abtjrhmr. Jstm luj para dä, uba
mpmrtubhnan jbvhana pmr j` fhj`m para fuirhr tmnms dhs fmrtms nj dmnm
vjbtaemsm. Fmdm ya cj nhfcm abtjs, jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea, shjdprj js
hbtj`hojbtj pmbjrsj a fuihjrtm sh sj prmnufj uba njsdmra`hzafhöb
njsdmra`hzafhö b rjpjbth
ba. Vh sj thjbj uba `äbja orabnj, èstj js j` õbhfm dmnm nj fmbvjrthr ub
hdpmrtabtj ijbjlhfhm jb papj` jb nhbjrm rja`, nj lmrda ráphna y shb
rjnuffhmbjs nj `as quj ubm sj pujna arrjpjbthr. Wmr jejdp`m, ym jstaia
a fmrtm fmb fhbfujbta dh` affhmbjs nj Zbhtjn Vtatjs Vtjj`, sö`m. Wmr
supujstm jstuvj a fmrtm fmb mtrms va`mrjs,
va`mrj s, pjrm fuabnm vh quj j` djrfanm

jra j` aprmphanm
ub dh``öb para
y djnhm nj pmbjrdj
pmb
nö`arjrdj
nö`arjs. a fmrt
js. Bmfmrtm,
jram,uba
`m chfj. Dhs ijbjlhfhms
mpmrtubhnan a`fabzarmb
nj `as quj sj pasab
pmr a`tm.
 J` a`omnöb, fmb j` quj jstaia a `arom fmb quhbfj dh` affhmbjs,
fmdpranm jb `a õ`thda djnha cmra nj mpjrafhmbjs nj `a tarnj abtjrhmr,
airhö fhbfm pubtms pmr njiaem. ¡\aya ruptura! Vhobhlhfa uba pèrnhna, jb
uba sm`a bmfcj, nj sjtjbta y fhbfm dh` nö`arjs. Aubquj jra f`arm quj j`
õbhfmm eujom hbtj`hojbtj, fmb `ms va`mrjs y j` trhom, jra pm
õbhf pmbjrsj
bjrsj a fuihjrtm
jb `a ruptura, bm jra tab f`arm `m quj sj njiäa cafjr fmb
fmb j` a`omnöb. Caiäa
varhas fmsas quj fmbshnjrar, y aubquj shjdprj tmdm `as pèrnhnas jb j`
dmdjbtm jb quj jstmy fmbvjbfhnm nj quj dj cj jquhvmfanm, jsa
dañaba
caiäa hnmbma`dj
sur apjtjfäa cafjr`m.
para pasar`m ihjbNjspuès
pjsfabnmrjl`jxhmbè
y bm para jb j` cjfcmpjrp`jem
qujnardj nj quj
pmr j` fursm nj` djrfanm nj` a`omnöb. Anjdás, dhs ijbjlhfhms jb `ms

1?9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

va`mrjs y j` trhom caiäab shnm tab orabnjs, quj njfhnä tmdar `as pèrnhnas
jb j` a`omnöb. Dj caräa a `a hnja nj quj `ms ijbjlhfhms caihab shnm
supjrhmrjs
tmnm a` dh``öb,
fujsthöb dh``ö b, jb vjz nj fmdm
nj fmbtaih`hnan, pjbsarsm`äab
quj jrab
jranjfhr
b nj `ms
ub dh``öb y djnh
djnhm.
prmdmtmrjs m. Jra
fuabnm
cafäas njdashanas prjoubtas.
Vh bm cuihjra fmdpranm jsj a`omnöb eustmeus tm abtjs nj quj j` djrfanm
sj fjrrara j` näa abtjrhmr, dj cairäa acmrranm fuatrmfhjbtms dh` nö`arjs.
Jstm dujstra fmb quj vj`mfhnan sj pujnj pjrnjr nhbjrm jb uba `äbja
dmnjrana. Dh pmshfhöb prhbfhpa` jra aism`utadjbtj fmrrjfta y dj
ijbjlhfhè nj ub affhnjbtj nj batura`jza nhadjtra`djbtj mpujsta a `as
fmbshnjrafhmbjs quj dj ``jvarmb a tmdar `a pmshfhöb quj tmdè fmb `ms
va`mrjs y j` trhom.
trhom . Misjrvj, pmr lavmr,
lavmr, quj `a `äbja jspjfu`athva
jspjfu`ath va nj djbmr
rjshstjbfha njdmströ
dmvhjrmb fmdm nj bujvmasupjsar
ym jspjraia, va`mrnj`
para j` mpjranmr.
hbjspjranm @msnjprjfhms
laftmr djrfanmsj
hbtrmnufhnm pmr A`jdabha. Vh `as fmsas cuihjrab sa`hnm fmdm ym jspjra
ia, cairäa jstanm jb uba pmshfhöb tmta`djbtj fmrrjfta jb `as trjs `äbjas,
pmrquj fmb `a paz, `ms va`mrjs y j` trhom cairäab iaeanm y j` a`omnöb
cairäa suihnm. Cairäa tjbhnm ijbjlhfhms jb `ms trjs. Njeabnm nj `anm `a
paz y `a oujrra, dh pmshfhöb jra `a fmrrjfta jb j` djrfanm. Jb j` a`omnöb,
iasè dh eujom jb a`om quj pmnäa caijr mfurrhnm lujra nj` djrfanm, m sja,
apmstè pmr j` èxhtm nj Dr. _h`smb jb sus bjomfhafhmbjs nj paz. Lujrmb
`ms `änjrjs dh`htarjs a`jdabjs `ms quj dj chfhjrmb pjrnjr dh apujsta nj
a`omnöb.
Fuabnm vm`väa a Bujva Xmrk a prhbfh
prhbfhphms
phms nj 181? njvm`
njvm`vä
vä tmnm
j` nhbjrm quj njiäa, quj supjraia j` dh``öb nj nö`arjs. Wara dä luj ub
orab p`afjr paoar dhs njunas.
njunas . @as pmnäa caijr paoanm ubms djsjs abtjs,
ab tjs,
pjrm bm `m chfj pmr uba razöb duy shdp`j. Jstaia mpjrabnm nj dmnm
afthvm y fmb èxhtm y bjfjshtaia tmnm j` faphta` quj tjbäa. Dj njiäa a dä
dhsdm, a` houa` quj a tmnms `ms cmdirj
cmdirjss a `ms quj ym fmbshnjrai
fmbshnjraiaa
afrjjnmrjs, j` p`afjr nj aprmvjfcar `ms daravh``msms djrfanms quj
tuvhdms jb 181: y 181<. Vaiäa quj hia a cafjr dufcm nhbjrm y bm dj
prjmfupaia quj tuvhjrab quj jspjrar ubms fuabtms djsjs dás, para
rjfhihr ub
njunas nhb jrm
nhbjrm
pmfm quj j``ms
a pmfm, shbm ayatmnms
bm jspjraiab rjfhihr
rjfhihr.. a`Bmdhsdm
dhs afrjjnmrjs njsjaia paoar Wmr
thjdpm. dhs
dhs
`m tabtm, dhjbtras j` djrfanm chfhjra pmr dh tmnm `m quj punhjsj, ym
sjouhräa mpjrabnm a orab jsfa`a, casta nmbnj dhs rjfursms dj `m
pjrdhthjrab.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1?6

Xm qujräa paoar `ms hbtjrjsjs, pjrm tmnms `ms afrjjnmrjs quj
caiäab lhrdanm j` njsfarom sj bjoarmb a afjptar`ms. J` cmdirj a quhjb
paouè jb õ`thdm `uoar luj aquj` a` quj njiäa mfcmfhjbtms nö`arjs, aquj`
quj caiäa cjfcm quj dh vhna lujra uba faroa, y quj dj afmsö casta j`
pubtm nj bm pmnjr mpjrar. @j njeè jspjrar casta quj myjra quj caiäa
paoanm a tmnms `ms
`ms mmtrms.Njspuès,
trms.Njspuès, `j njvm`vä su nhbjrm. @j qujräa jbsjñar
a sjr fmbshnjranm `a pröxhda vjz quj a`ouhjb `j njihjra ubms fhjbtms nj
nö`arjs.
X asä js fmdm rjorjsè.
^ras paoar tmnas
tmnas `as njunas, hbvjrtä uba fabfabthnan
thnan fmbshnjrai`j jb
pjbshmbjs vhta`hfhas.
vhta` hfhas. Bm jstaia
jsta ia nhspujstm a ca``ardj nj bujvm jb `a dhsda
shtuafhöb. Wmr supujstm, njspuès nj fasardj, pusj a`oõb nhbjrm jb
hbvjrshöb para
para dh jspmsa. X njspuès, fuabnm vhbm j` bhñm, pusj tadihèb
a`oõb nhbjrm jb hbvjrshöb para è`.
Caiäa cjfcm jstm, bm sö`m pmr dhjnm a quj j` djrfanm dj `m
arrjiatara, shbm pmrquj sè quj ub cmdirj js fapaz nj oastar tmnm `m quj
tjboa jb sus dabms. Cafhjbnm `m quj chfj, dh jspmsa y dh chem jstaiab a
sa`vm nj dä.
Fmbmzfm a dás nj ub cmdirj quj ca cjfcm `m dhsdm quj ym, pjrm
njspuès fmbvjbfhö a su duejr para quj lhrdara,
lhrdara, fuabnm bjfjshtö j` nhbjrm,
nhbjrm ,
y `m pjrnhö. Wjrm ym `m cj arrjo`anm nj lmrda quj sjab fua`js sjab dhs
njsjms, m `ms nj dh jspmsa, bm pmnadms rjthrar`m. Jstá aism`utadjbtj a
sa`vm nj tmnms bujstrms
bujstrms pmshi`js ataqujs; a sa`vm nj `as bjfjshnanjs nj`
djrfanm; a sa`vm, hbf`usm, nj` admr nj uba njvmta jspmsa. ¡Bm vmy a
fmrrjr bhboõb rhjsom!
 S\
Jbtrj tmnms `ms rhjsoms nj `a jspjfu`afhöb, j` sufjsm nj `m
hbjspjranm, pujnm hbf`usm njfhr nj `m hbjspjrai`j, js j` quj a`fabza `as
fmtas dás a`tas. Vj pujnj eusthlhfar quj ub cmdirj prunjbtj fmrra
fhjrtms rhjsoms, rhjsoms quj njij fmrrjr sh quhjrj sjr a`om dás quj ub
dm`usfm djrfabth`. @ms rhjsoms bmrda`js nj `ms bjomfhms bm smb pjmrjs
quj `ms rhjsoms quj pujnj fmrrjr ub cmdirj fuabnm sa`j nj su fasa m
hbhfha ub vhaej pmr farrjtjra. Fuabnm phjrnm nhbjrm, a fausa nj ub
afmbtjfhdhjbtm quj banhj pmnäa prjvjr, phjbsm jb j``m fmb j` dhsdm
rjbfmr quj fuabnm phjbsm jb uba tmrdjbta hbjspjrana. @a prmpha vhna,
njsnj `a fuba casta j` lèrjtrm, js ub eujom, y tmnm `m quj dj mfurrj,
pmrquj farjzfm nj ub nmb m vhshöb jspjfha`, `m pujnm smpmrtar shb
prmi`jdas. Wjrm ca caihnm
caihnm vjfjs, jb dh farrjra fmdm
fmdm jspjfu`anmr, jb `as
quj cj tjbhnm razöb y cj aftuanm anjfuanadjbtj y, a pjsar nj tmnm, `a
 sörnhna hbeusthfha nj mpmbjbtjs, pmfm njpmrthvms, dj cab thdanm dhs
oababfhas.
J` cmdirj nj bjomfhms, fmb uba djbtj f`ara y ráphna, sj pujnj
njljbnjr nj `as lajbas nj `ms thdanmrjs, nj `ms fmiarnjs y nj `as dasas.
Bubfa dj cj a`zanm jb fmbtra nj `a la`ta nj cmbjsthnan, jxfjptm jb uba
m nms iufkjt scmps, pmrquj hbf`usm acä, `a cmbjsthnan js `a djemr pm`äthfa;
j` orab nhbjrm js j` quj sj cafj fmb
fmb eusthfha
eus thfha,, bm fmb affhmbjs njscmbjstas.
Bubfa cj pjbsanm quj jra ub iujb iujb bjomfhm aquj` jb j` quj cuihjra quj
vhoh`ar a` mpjranmr,
rjfurrhjra pmrquWjrm
pmrquj
a `as tradpas. j sh sjabtj
njea
njeaia
j`iathdanmr
nj cafjr`m,
cafjrquj
`m,j `m
qu sjdás prmiai`j
`adjbta, js quj
j` cmdirj
njfjbtj bm thjbj pmnjr.
pmnjr. J` eujom eustm
eust m js j` eujom eustm
eu stm.. Wmnräa fmbtar
fmbtar uba

1?:

1?<<
1? Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
nmfjba nj fasms jb `ms quj cj shnm
shn m `a väfthda nj dh frjjbfha jb `a pa`aira
saorana m `a hbvhm`aih`hnan nj ub afujrnm jbtrj faia``jrms. Bm `ms vmy a
rj`atar pmrquj bm sjrvhräab nj dufcm.
A `ms jsfrhtmrjs nj fhjbfha lhffhöb, a `ms f`èrhoms y a `as duejrjs
`js ousta rjljrhrsj a `a Im`sa fmdm fadpm nj iata``a y a `ms bjomfhms
nharhms nj _a`` Vtrjjt fmdm a `a oujrra. Js iastabtj nradáthfm, pjrm
jrröbjm. Bm frjm quj dh bjomfhm sja j` jquhva`jbtj a `a `ufca y `a
fmbthjbna. Bubfa `ufcas fmbtra `ms hbnhvhnums m orupms jspjfu`athvms.
Vö`m nhlhjrm jb dhs mphbhmbjs, m sja, jb `a `jftura nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs
iáshfas. @m quj `ms nradaturoms njbmdhbab iata``as nj bjomfhms bm smb
`ufcas jbtrj sjrjs cudabms. Vmb tab sö`m jxadjbjs nj `a vhshöb nj
bjomfhm. ^ratm nj atjbjrdj a `ms cjfcms, y sö`m a `ms cjfcms, y fmbtrm`ar
fmbtrm` ar
dhs affhmbjs nj afujrnm fmb j``m. Jsta js `a rjfjta nj D. Iarufc para
j` èxhtm jb j` `morm nj rhqujzas. Xm a`oubas vjfjs bm vjm `ms cjfcms; m
bm razmbm fmb `öohfa. Fana vjz quj mfurrj uba nj jstas nms fmsas, phjrnp hjrnm.
m.
Jstmy jquhvmfanm. X jstar jquhvmfanm shjdprj dj fujsta nhbjrm.
Bhboõb cmdirj razmbai`j sj bhjoa a paoar pmr sus sus jrrmrj
jrrmrjs.
s. Fuabnm
sj fmdjtjb jrrmrjs bm caycay afrjjnmrjs, bh jxfjpfhmbjs,
jxfjpfhmbj s, bh jxjbfhmbjs.
jxjbfhmbjs . Wjrm
dj mpmbom a pjrnjr nhbjrm fuabnm tjbom razöb. Bm dj rjlhjrm tadpmfm
a jsas mpjrafhmbjs quj dj cab fmstanm nhbjrm, a fausa nj fadihms
rjpjbthbms jb `as rjo`as nj ub njtjrdhbanm djrfanm. ^jbom jb djbtj
a`oubms rhjsoms nj `a jspjfu`afhöb quj, nj vjz jb fuabnm, rjfujrnab a
`a pjrsmba, quj bm sj pujnj asjourar quj uba oababfha sja sjoura casta
quj bm jstè njpmshtana jb tu fujbta nj` iabfm.
^ras j` jsta``hnm
jst a``hnm nj `a Orab Oujrra jb Jurmpa, fmdjbzö j` asfjbsm
nj `ms prjfhms nj `as djrfabfäas quj jra nj jspjrar. Jsm jra tab láfh` nj
prjvjr fmdm `a hbl`afhöb nj `a oujrra. Wmr supujstm, j` avabfj ojbjra`
fmbthbuö a djnhna quj sj prm`mboaia `a oujrra. Fmdm pujnj rjfmrnar,
ym jb 181: jstaia duy mfupanm tratabnm nj "vm`vjr". J` immb jb `ms
va`mrjs jstaia acä, y dh njijr jra uth`hzar`m. Dh euoana dás sjoura, láfh`
y ráphna sj prmnuem
prmnuem jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, y tuvj sujrtj,
su jrtj, fmdm ya saij.
Wara eu`hm nj 181?, bm sö`m caiäa paoanm ya tmnas dhs njunas, shbm quj
anjdás nhslrutaia nj uba iujba shtuafhöb jfmbödhfa. Jstm shobhlhfaia
quj acmra tjbäa j` thjdpm, j` nhbjrm y j` hbtjrès nj mpjrar tadihèb fmb
djrfabfäas.
djrfabfä as. Cafäa dufcms añms quj tjbäa `a fmstudirj nj jstunhar tmnms
`ms djrfanms. J` avabfj jb `ms prjfhms nj `as djrfabfäas, abtjs nj `a
oujrra, sj j`jvö nj ub 177% a ub >77%. Vö`m caiäa uba jxfjpfhöb, j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1??

falè. X, pmr supujstm, caiäa uba razöb para j``m. J` jsta``hnm nj `a oujrra
shobhlhfö j` fhjrrj nj `ms djrfanms Jurmpjms y a jstj paäs sj jbvhaiab
orabnjs faroas,pujs aquä js nmbnj jstaia j` orab djrfanm.Js
djrfanm.Jstmtm prmnuem
ub jxfjbnjbtj nj nj falè,
falè, y jstm,
jst m, a su vjz, chzm quj j` prjfhm sj dabtuvhjra
iaem.Fuabnm fmdjbfè a fmbshnjrar `as pmshih`hnanjs jspjfu`athvas nj`
falè, èstj sj jstaia vjbnhjbnm pmr njiaem nj `ms prjfhms nj `a prj-oujrra.
Vh `as razmbjs para jsta abmda`äa jrab mivhas, bm jra djbms mivhm quj
`a afthva y fana vjz dás jlhfhjbtj mpjrafhöb nj `ms suidarhbms a`jdabjs
y austrhafms shobhlhfaia `a nrásthfa rjnuffhöb nj` bõdjrm nj iarfms
nhspmbhi`js para prmpöshtms fmdjrfha`js. Jstm ``jvaia, a su vjz, a `as
njfrjfhjbtjs hdpmrtafhmbjs nj falè. Fmb ubas jbtranas rjnufhnas y ub
fmbsudm hbvarhai`j, `ms jxfjnjbtjs nj falè falè sj aismrijräab, y fuabnm jstm
mfurrhjra, j` prjfhm nj` falè caräa `m quj caiäab cjfcm `ms prjfhms nj `as
njdás djrfabfäas, suihr
Bm cafäa la`ta
la`ta sjr Vcjr`mfk Cm`djs para jstunhar `a shtuafhöb
shtuafhöb.. Bm
pujnm njfhr pmr què banhj fmdpraia falè. Fuabnm njfhnä fmdprar`m bm
`m fmbshnjrè uba jspjfu`afhöb. Jra dás ihjb uba hbvjrshöb. Vaiäa quj
tarnaräa a`oõb thjdpm jb fmbvjrthr`m jb djtá`hfm,
d jtá`hfm, pjrm saiäa tadihèb quj
dj hia a nar ub orab ijbjlhfhm. Luj uba mpjrafhöb nj hbvjrshöb iastabtj
fmbsjrvanmra, tjbäa dás nj aftuafhöb nj iabqujrm quj nj euoanmr.
Fmdjbfè dhs mpjrafhmbjs nj fmdpra jb j` hbvhjrbm nj 181?.
Fmdprè iastabtj falè. Vhb jdiarom, j` djrfanm bm chzm bana nhobm nj
djbfhöb. Fmbthbõm hbafthvm, y j` prjfhm bm suihö nj `a lmrda jspjrana.
J` rjsu`tanm js quj ym ``jvè dh `äbja nurabtj bujvj djsjs shb bhboõb
prmpöshtm.. Dhs fmbtratms jxphraiab
prmpöshtm jxphraiab jbtmbfjs
jbtmbfjs y vjbnä tmnas `as mpfhmbjs.
 ^uvj uba orab pèrnhna jb jsa mpjrafhöb, pjrm a pjsar nj tmnm jstaia
sjourm nj quj dhs jblmqujs jrab fmrrjftms. Dj caiäa jquhvmfanm jb `m
rj`athvm a` thjdpm, pjrm jstaia sjourm nj quj j` falè njiäa asfjbnjr ta`
y fmdm caiäab cjfcm j` rjstm nj `as djrfabfäas, asä quj tab prmbtm fmdm
afaiè nj vjbnjr dh `äbja, fmdjbfè a fmdprar mtra vjz. Fmdprè uba
fabthnan nj falè trjs vjfjs daymr a `a quj caiäa dabtjbhnm nurabtj jsms
bujvj njfjpfhmbabtjs djsjs. Wmr supujstm, fmdprè mpfhmbjs nhljrhnas,
pmr j` pjrhmnm dás `arom quj punj fmbsjouhr.
Acmra bm jstaia tab jquhvmfanm. ^ab prmbtm fmdm anquhrä dh
`äbjaahia
`äbj
quj trhp`j, j` djrfanm
a sufjnjr jb j` suihö. Nj nj`
djrfanm prmbtm
falè.`aNaia
ojbtj
ojbtj `aparjfhö fmdprjbnjr
hdprjshöb `m
nj quj `a
hbvjrshöb dj hia a prmpmrfhmbar uba iujba tasa nj hbtjrès.

1?33
1? Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
@ms vjbnjnmrjs nj `ms fmbtratms quj dabtuvj jrab "tmstanmrjs",
`a daymräa
jb nj bmdirjhbtrmnufhr`m
Irash` jspjrabnm y alh`hafhöbjba`jdaba, qujWjrm
jstj paäs. caiäab fmdpranm
bm caiäa iarfmsj` para
fal
falèè
hbtrmnufhr`m, y jb jsj dmdjbtm sj jbfmbtraiab jb `a njsaoranai`j shtuafhöb
nj bm jbfmbtrar ub lhba
lhba`` para j` fa
falè
lè y jstar a fmrtm. Wmr la lavmr,
vmr, tjboa jb
fujbta quj dj pusj a` a`za fmb j` falè dhjbtras j` prjfhm sj jbfmbtraia
práfthfadjbtj jb ub bhvj` nj prj-oujrra y quj njspuès nj fmdprar`m y
dabtjbjr`m nurabtj fash ub añm, mituvj uba fmbshnjrai`j pèrnhna. J`
fasthom pmr jstar jquhvmfanm js `a pèrnhna nj nhbjrmnhbjrm.. @a rjfmdpjbsa pmr
jstar jb `m fhjrtm js oabar nhbjrm. Fmdm jstaia f`aradjbtj jb `m fhjrtm,
``jvaia uba `äbja hdpmrtabtj, jspjraia mitjbjr uba orab oababfha. Bm
cafäa la`ta quj j` asfjbsm lujra njdashanm orabnj para mitjbjr uba
oababfha sathslaftmrha, ya quj ``jvaia varhms fhjbtms nj dh`js nj affhm
bjs. Bm dj ousta cai`ar nj dhs mpjrafhmbjs fhtabnm fhlras, pmrquj
pujnjb parjfjr njdashanm j`jvanas, y `a ojbtj pujnj pjbsar quj jstmy
prjsudhjbnm. Nj cjfcm, mpjraia nj afujrnm fmb dhs djnhms y njeaia
shjdprj ub adp`hm darojb nj sjourhnan. Jb jstj fasm dh pmshfhöb jra
sulhfhjbtjdjbtj fmbsjrvan
fmbsjrvanmra.
mra. Fmdpraia affhmbjs tab `hirjdj `hirjdjbtj,
btj,
pmrquj bm `moraia vjr j` dmnm nj pjrnjr. @as fmbnhfhmbjs jstaiab a dh
lavmr.
lavm r. Caiäa tjbhnm quj jspjrar ub añmañm,, pjrm acmra sj dj hia a paoar pmr
`a jspjra y pmr `a jxafthtun nj dh pmshfhöb. Wmnäa vjr quj j` ijbjlhfhm
jstaia nj fadhbm y, ananjd
jdásás vjbäa a iastabtj vj`mfhnan.
vj`mfhnan . Bm sj trataia nj
pmsjjr bhbouba hbtj`hojbfha jspjfha
jspjfha`,`, jra tab sm`m nj quj bm jstaia fhjom.
¡@ms dh``mbjs jb ijbjlhfhms vjbäab nj lmrda ráphna y sjoura!.
Wjrm bubfa ``joarmb. Bm, bm sj trataia nj ub irusfm fadihm nj `as
fmbnhfhmbjs. J` djrfanm bm jxpjrhdjbtö bhbouba hbvjrshöb airupta jb
su lmrda. J` falè bm jbtrö jb j` paäs. ½Què mfurrhö= @m quj bm sj pmnäa
jspjrar. @m quj bm `j ca mfurrhnm a banhj; y pmr `m tabtm
tabt m a`om fmbtra `m quj
ym bm tjbäa razmbjs para pmbjrdj jb ouarnha. Caiäa añanhnm ubm dás,
a `a `aroa `hsta nj rhjsoms nj `a jspjfu`afhöb quj njiäa tjbjr shjdprj jb
djbtj. Jra duduyy f`arm quj, `ms dufcafcms quj dj caiäab vjbnvjbnhnm
hnm j` falè,
`ms fmrtms, saiäab a `m quj sj njiäab atjbjr, y sus jslujrzms pmr sa`hr nj
`a pmshfhöb,ajb_aschbotmb
Afunhjrmb `a quj sj caiäab fm`mfanm,
jb iusfa jxhoäay ub
nj ayuna, `a bujvm thpm nj táfthfa.
mituvhjrmb.
Quhzás rjfujrnj quj j` omihjrbm caiäa j`aimranm nhvjsms p`abjs
para jvhtar `as oababfhas jxfjshvas jb artäfu`ms nj prhdjra bjfjshnan. Xa
saijb fmdm
fmdm lubfh
lubfhmbab
mbab `a daymräa. Wujs ihjb
ihjb,, `ms fmrtms nj falè lh`abtrö-

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 1?8

phfms, sj prjsjbta
prjsjbtarmb
rmb abtj j` "Wrh
"WrhfjLh
fjLhxhboF
xhboFmddht
mddhttjjml
tjjml tcj_ar
tcj _ar Hbnus
trhjs Imarn"apj`afhöb
patrhmöthfa frjm qujajra èsta `a njbmdhbafhöb
nhfcmxujrpm para prmtjejrmlhfha`, j chfhjrmb
`ms njsayubms uba
adjrh
fabms. Nhejrmb quj ub jspjfu`anmr prmljs
prmljshmba`,
hmba`, ub ta` @awrjbfj @hvhbos-
@hvhbo s-
tmb, caiäa arrhbfmbanm, m jstaia a pubtm nj arrhbfmbar j` falè. Vh sus
p`abjs jspjfu`athvms bm sj da`moraiab, pmnräa aprmvjfcarsj nj ``as as fhr-
fubstabfas frjanas pmr `a oujrra y `ms adjrhfabms sj vjräab lmrzanms a
paoar prjfhms
prjfhms jxmrihtabtjs pmr su fal
falèè nharhm. Wara `ms patrhmtas quj dj
caiäab vjbnhnm jbmrdjs faroas nj falè para `as quj bm pmnäab jbfmbtrar
iarfms,jra hdpjbsai`j quj fhjb dh``mbjs nj adjrhfabms njihjrab rjbnhr
cmdjbaej a jspjfu`anmrjs shb fmbfhjbfha. J``ms rjprjsjbtaiab `a mpjra
fhöb nj` falè, bm j` eujom jspjfu`athvm nj` falè, y jstaiab nhspujstms a
ayunarBma` dj
omihjrbm.
ousta `adjbtardj, y bm quhjrm njfhr fmb jstm quj j` Wrhfj
Lhxhbo Fmddhttjj bm chfhjra `m pmshi`j para jvhtar `as oababfhas y `ms
aiusms. Wjrm
W jrm jsm bm hdphnj quj ym pujna mphbar, quj j` fmdhtè bm tjbäa
quj caijr hnhnmm tab `jem
`jemss jb jstj prmi`jda njnj`` djrfan
djrfanmm nj` falè. Lhea
Lhearmb
rmb
ub prjfhm dáxhdm para j` falè frunm, y lhear
lhearmb
mb tadihèb uubb `ädhtj nj fhjrrj
nj tmnms `ms fmbtratms jxhstjbtjs. Wmr supujstm, jsta njfhshöb shobhlhfa
ia quj `a im`sa nj` falè tjbnräa quj njear `ms bjomfhms. Vö`m caiäa uba
fmsa quj ym punhjra cafjr, y `a chfj, vjbnä tmnms dhs fmbtratms. Jsms
dh``mbjs nj ijbjlhfhms quj ym caiäa vhstm jb fadhbm, bm sj datjrha`hza
rmb. Jstaia, y tmnaväa jstmy, tab jb fmbtra nj `ms ijbjlhfhms jb `as djr
fabfäas nj prhdjra
Fmddhttjj bjfjsh
bjfjshnan,
lheö jstas nan, rj`afhmbanas
bmrdas pjrm jb j` dmdjbtm jb qujtmnas
fmb j` falè, j` Wrhfj
`as Lhxhbo
njdás
 djrfabfäas sj vjbnäab a ubms prjfhms jbtrj 9:7% y >77% pmr jbfhda nj
`ms prjfhms nj prj-oujrra, dhjbtras quj j` prjfhm nj` falè jstaia pmr
njiaem nj `a djnha rjhbabtj nurabtj varhms añms abtjs nj `a oujrra. Bm
frjm quj hdpmrtara quhjb
quhjb pmsjäa j` falè. J` prjfhm jstaia a pubtm nj suihr;
y bm jra a fausa nj
nj `ms jsp
jspjfu`anmr
jfu`anmrjs,
js, shbm a fausa nj`
nj` jxfjsm nj` quj jra
rjspmbsai`j, j` njsfjbsm jb `as hdpmrtafhmbjs, y j``ms, a su vjz, sj vjäab
aljftanms sö`m pmr `a tjrrhi`j njstruffhöb nj `ms iarfms nj tmnm j` dubnm
a dabms nj `ms suidarhbms a`jdabjs. J` fmdhtè bm jspjrö a quj j` falè
njspjoara; sj `abzarmb a `ms lrjbms. Jb datjrha nj pm`äthfa y nj fmbvj
bhjbfha, jra ub
Vh j` fmdhtè bmjrrmr cafjr
cuihra quj `a im`sa
hbtjrljrhnm, nj` ffalè
alècairäab
`ms prjfhms fjrrara eus
eustm
tm jbtmbfjs.
suihnm pmr `as
razmbjs nanas, y quj bm thjbjb bana quj vjr fmb j` arrhbfmbadhjbtm.

137 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Wjrm j` a`tm prjfhm, quj bm tjbäa pmr què caijr shnm jxmrihtabtj,
cairäa shnm ub hbfjbthvm para atrajr `as mljrtas nj` djrfanm. Cj mhnm
njfhr
laftmrajbDr. Ijrbarn D. Iarufc
fmbshnjrafhöb, a `a cmraquj
nj j`lhear
_ar`msHbnustrhjs
prjfhms, yImarn tuvmrazöb
pmr jsta jstj
a`oubas nj `as qujeas smirj j` a`tm `ädhtj nj nhvjrsas djrfabfäas jrab
hbeustas. Fuabnm `a im`sa nj` falè rjabunö `ms bjomfhms, dás anj`abtj,
j` falè sj vjbnäa a vjhbthtrès fjbtavms. @ms adjrhfabms paoarmb jsj
prjfhm njihnm a pmfa mljrta, y `a mljrta jra pjqujña pmrquj j` prjfhm
lheanm jra njdashanm iaem, a fausa nj `a suojrjbfha nj `ms fmrtms
lh`abtröphfms, para cafjr pmshi`j j` paom nj `as faroas nj a`ta dar, y
asjourar `a fmbthbuafhöb nj `as hdpmrtafhmbjs.
Vhjdprj cj pjbsanm quj dh mpjrafhöb fmb j` falè, jra `a dás
`joäthda
uba nj tmnas
hbvjrshöb quj dhs
uba mpjrafhmbjs fmb
jspjfu`afhöb. Djdjrfabfäas. @m fmbshnjraia
dabtuvm mfupanm nurabtj dás
dás
nj ub añm. Vh jxhstäa a`oõb thpm nj eujom jra pmr partj nj `ms patrhöthfms
tmstanmrjs
tmstanmr js nj bmdirj y asfjbnjbfha a`jdaba. ^jbä
^jbäabab fa
falè
lè jb Irash` y dj
`m caiäab vjbnhnm a dh jb Bujva Xmrk. J` Wrhfj Lhxhbo Fmddhttjj lheö
j` prjfhm nj `a õbhfa djrfabfäa quj bm caiäa avabzanm. Wrmtjohjrmb a`
põi`hfm fmbtra j` jxfjsm
jxfjsm nj oababfhas abtjs nj quj fmdjbzara, pjrm bm
fmbtra j` hbjvhtai`j asfjbsm nj `ms prjfhms quj sj hia a prmnufhr a
fmbthbuafhöb. X bm sm`m jsm, shbm quj fuabnm j` falè vjrnj msfh`aia
a`rjnjnmr nj `ms bujvj fjbtavms `a `hira, j` falè tmstanm suihö fmb tmnm
`m njdás.suihnm
cuihjra Vö`m sj
nmsijbjlhfharmb `ms tmstanmrjs.
m trjs fjbtavms Vh j`cuihjra
`a `hira, dj prjfhm prmpmrfhmbanm
nj` falè vjrnj
varhms dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs. X a` põi`hfm bm `j cairäa fmstanm tabtm fmdm
`j fmstö j` avabfj pmstjrhmr.
@ms pmst-dmrtjds jb `a jspjfu`afhöb smb uba pèrnhna nj thjdpm.
Bm tj ``jvab a bhbouba partj. Wjrm jsta mpj
mpjrafhöb
rafhöb fmbfrjta thjbj ub fhjrtm
va`mr jnufafhmba`. Jra tab iujba fmdm fua`quhjr mtra. J` asfjbsm jra tab
sjourm, tab `öohfm, quj ym hdaohbè quj jra hbjvhtai`j oabar varhms
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs, pjrm bm `ms oabè.
Jb mtras nms mfashmbjs cj sulrhnm `a aftuafhöb nj `ms fmdhtès nj
fadihm, quj j`aimraiab rjo`adjbtms quj fadihaiab `as bmrdas mpjra
thvas shb bhboõb thpm nj avhsm. Wjrm jb aquj``ms fasms, dh pmshfhöb,
aubquj tèfbhfadjbtj jra fmrrjfta, fmdjrfha`djbtj bm jra tab sjoura
fmdm `a mpjrafhöb fmb j` falè. Bubfa sj pujnj jstar fmdp`jtadjbtj
sjourm nj bana jb uba mpjrafhöb jspjfu`athva. Jsta jxpjrhjbfha quj

Yjfujrnms nj
n j ub mpjranmr nj affh
affhmbjs
mbjs 131
afaim nj rj`atar js `a quj dj chzm sudar `m hbjvhtai`j a `m hbjspjranm nj
dh `hsta nj rhjsoms.

^rasfmrtm
jb j` `anm j` jphsmnhm
djrnj`
nj` djrfan falè
fanm, tuvj
m, quj tabtm
jbfèèèxhtm
fmdjbf
fmd fmb
a sulrhr njmtras
sulrhr djrfabfäas
fmth``jms
fmth``jm y
s tmbtms.
tmbtm s.
@ms prmljshmba`js nj _a`` Vtrjjt y `ms jsfrhtmrjs jb pjrhönhfms,
tmdarmb `a fmstudirj nj fu`pardj a dä y a dhs a`hanms nj `as hbjvhtai`js
rupturas jb `ms prjfhms. A vjfjs dhs vjbtas sj njbmdhbaiab "Wmfm
patrhöthfas", tabtm sh jstaia vjrnanjradjbtj vjbnhjbnm fmdm sä bm.
Vupmbom quj `a bjfjshnan nj jxaojrar `a daobhtun y j` jljftm nj dhs
bjomfhafhmbjs, jra `a bjfjshnan nj sathslafjr `a hbsafhai`j njdabna nj`
põi`hfm nj razmbjs para tmnms y fanm ubm nj `ms dmvhdhjbtms nj prjfhm
quj sj prmnufäab.
^a` y fmdm ya cj alhrdanm fhjbtms nj vjfjs, bhboõb thpm nj
dabhpu`afhöb pujnj cafjr
@a razöb js iastabtj mivhaquj
para`msfua`quhjra
prjfhms iaejb y sj
quj sj dabtjboab
tmdj iaems.
`a dm`jstha nj
pjbsar jb j``m nurabtj djnhm dhbutm. Vupmboa quj ub mpjranmr atafara
ub va`mr, m sja, chfhjra quj j` prjfhm sj fm`mfara a ub bhvj` hbljrhmr a su
va`mr rja`, ½què sufjnjräa hbjvhtai`jdjbtj= J` atafabtj tjbnräa abtj sh
uba nj `as djemrjs fmdpras hbtjrbas. @a ojbtj quj fmbmfj j` va`mr rja`
nj uba affhöb, `m fmdprará shjdprj y fuabnm èstj sj vjbna a prjfhm nj
oaboa. :/ `ms hbhfhanms bm pujnjb fmdprar, sjrá pmrquj `as fmbnhfhmbjs
ojbjra`js jstáb jb fmbtra nj `a mrnjb nj sus prmphms hdpu`sms, y ta`js
fmbnhfhmbjs bm smb a`fhstas. Fuabnm `a ojbtj cai`a nj ataqujs, `a
fmbf`ushöb js quj jstms smb hbeusthlhfanms, fash frhdhba`js. Wjrm vjbnjr
uba affhöb
iastabtj a ub prjfhm
arrhjsoanm.
arrhjsoanm . Caydufcm dásjbiaem
quj tjbjr nj su
fujbta qujva`mr
uba rja`
af js atafana
affhöb
fhöb ub bjomfhm
quj
 bm `mora tjbjr uba rjfupjrafhöb, bm prmnufj dufca vjbta hbtjrhmr, y a``ä
nmbnj sj prmnufj ub ataquj, m sja, uba vjbta a fmrtm hbeusthlhfana, js duy
pmshi`j quj sj prmnuzfa uba fmdpra hbtjrhmr; y fuabnm jstm mfurrj `ms
prjfhms bm sj dabthjbjb aiaem. Njim njfhr quj jb j` bmvjbta y bujvj pmr
fhjbtm nj `ms fasms, `ms njbmdhbanms ataqujs smb rja`djbtj njsfjbsms
`joäthdms, afj`jranms a`oubas vjfjs, pjrm bm fausanms pmr `as mpjrafhm
bjs nj ub mpjranmr prmljshmba`, sja fua` sja j` tadañm nj `a `äbja quj
pujna pmsjjr.
@a tjmräa nj quj `a daymräa nj `ms njsfjbsms irusfms m rupturas
airuptas smb j` rjsu`tanm nj a`ouba mpjrafhöb nj apujstas, sj hbvjbtö
prmiai`jdjbtj fmdm djnhm nj prmpmrfhmbar razmbjs a aquj``ms jspjfu-

139 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

`anmrjs quj `m õbhfm quj cafjb js euoar a fhjoas, y quj sj frjjráb tmnm
`m quj `js nhoab abtjs nj pmbjrsj a pjbsar. @a jxfusa nj `ms ataqujs jb
`m rj`afhmbanm
rjfhijb fmb `asnjpèrnhnas,
tab a djbunm quj `msy nj
`ms fmrrjnmrjs jspjfu`anmrjs
`ms fmth``jms njsalmrtubanms
lhbabfhjrms, js
jb rja`hnan ub prmbösthfm hhbvjrth
bvjrthnm.
nm. @a nhlj
nhljrjbfha
rjbfha jstá jjbb `m sho
shouhjbtj5
uhjbtj5 ub
prmbösthfm iaehsta js hbfmblubnhi`j, js ub fmbsjem nj vjbta a fmrtm. Wjrm
j` prmbösthfm hbvjrthnm, m sja, `a jxp`hfafhöb quj bm sj jxp`hfa, sö`m shrvj
para jvhtar quj ``jvjs a faim `m quj sjräa uba hbtj`hojbt
hbtj`hojbtjj vjbta a fmrtm.@
fmrtm.@tätä
tjbnjbfha batura`, fuabnm ub va`mr sj rmdpj, js vjbnjr`m. Jxhstj uba
razöb, uba razöb njsfmbmfhna, pjrm a pjsar nj j``m, uba iujba razöb;
pmr `m tabtm, sa`oa. Wjrm bm js duy hbtj`hojbtj vjbnjr fuabnm `a ruptura
js j` rjsu`tanm nj` ataquj nj ub mpjranmr; pmrquj jb j` dmd
dmdjbtm
jbtm jb quj
sj njtjboa, j` prjfhm rjimtará. ¡Wrmbösthfms hbvjrthnms!
 S\H
¡Wrmbösthfms! ¡@a
¡@a ojbtj quhjrj prmbösthfms! Bm sö`m quhjrjb rjfh
ihr`ms, tadihèb quhjrjb nar`ms. Jb tmnm j``m cay avarhfha y vabhnan.
A`oubas vjfjs, js asmdirmsm vjr fmdm pjrsmbas rja`djbtj hbtj`hojbtjs
hbtjbtabb "pjsfar`ms". X j` quj mlrjfj
hbtjbta mlrjfj j` prmbösthfm bm bjfjshta rjfapafh
tar smirj `a fa`hnan , ya quj j` quj quhjrj rjfhihr prmbösthfms, bm njsja
iujbms prmbösthfms, `j shrvj fua`quhjra nj j``ms. Vh lubfhmba ¡ihjb! sh bm
lubfhmba, quhzá tjboab dás sujrtj fmb j` shouhjbtj. Jstmy pjbsabnm jb
j` f`hjbtj djnhm nj `a fasa nj fmdhshöb djnha.
djnha. Jxhstj ub thpm nj prmdmtmr
m dabhpu`anmr quj
quj frjj jb `ms prmbösthfms abtjs, njspuè
njspuèss y jb fua`quhjr
dmdjbtm. Zb bõdjrm j`jvanm nj prmbösthfms js para è`, ub sui`hdj
trai
traiaem
aem pui`hfhtar
pui`hfhtarhm,
"iusfanmrjs hm, `a djemr
y tmdanmrjs djemr d
djrfabfäa
jrfabfäa nnj`
nj prmbösthfms" j`smb
dubnm, pmrquj, fmdm
hbvarhai`jdjbtj, `ms
`ms
"trabs
dhsmrjs nj prmbösthfms" `a nhlushöb nj prmbösthfms js uba jxpjfhj nj
fanjba hbtjrdhbai`j. J` quj prmduvj `ms prmbösthfms traiaea iaem j`
`jda nj quj bm jxhstj bhboõb sjr cudabm quj sj rjshsta abtj ub
prmbösthfm jxpujstm nj lmrda anjfuana. Jstunha j` artj nj dabjear`ms
arthäthfadjbtj.
^mnms `ms nhas, rjfhim fhjbtms nj prmbösthfms nj tmnm thpm nj pjr
smbas. @j fmbtarè uba chstmrha afjrfa nj Imrbjm ^hb. ½Yjfuj
½Yjfujrna
rna fuábnm
sj jdhthö `a affhöb= Jra a `a a`tura nj` immd. J` fmbsmrfhm nj prmdmtmrjs
caiäa afjptanm
afjptanm j` prmbösthfm nj ub iabqujrm duduyy hbtj`hojbtj y njfhnhj
rmb safar
bm nar `a bujva
thjdpm a ub fmdpañäa jb apmym.
shbnhfatm nj j` djrfanm aihjrtm
J` õbhfm jrrmrhbdjnhatadjbtj
quj fmdjthjrmbpara
`ms

136

13>
13> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
dhjdirms nj` fmbsmrfhm, vhbm nj `a la`ta nj jxpjrhjbfha. J``ms bm saiäab
`m quj jra fapa
fapazz nj cafjr j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs nurabtj ub imm
immdd `m
`mfm,
fm,
y anjdás bm lujrmb hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj `hijra`js. Jstaiab nj afujrnm jb `a
bjfjshnan nj suihr j` prjfhm para pmbjr j` va`mr jb j` djrfanm, pjrm
fmdjbzarmb `a mpjrafhöb fmb uba fhlra, a `a qqujuj `ms mpjranmrjs y `ms
jspjfu`anmrjs bm pmnäab fmdprar shb rjfj`m.
@ms prmdmtmrjs sj njiäab caijr aljrranm a è`, pjrm jb j` sa`vaej
djrfanm a`fhsta, `a avarhfha sj fmbvhrthö jb ub nhobm fmbsjrvanurhsdm.
J` põi`hfm fmdpraia fua`quhjr fmsa, shjdprj quj j` prmbösthfm lujra
afjptai`j. Bm sj qujräab hbvjrshmbjs. @a njdabna jstaia pmr j` nhbjrm
láfh`; pmr j` eujom fmb ijbjlhfhm sjourm. J` mrm jstaia jbtrabnm jb jstj
paäs a travès nj `as jbmrdjs fmdpras nj datjrha` iè`hfm. Dj nhfjb quj
`ms prmdmtmrjs,
nj Imrbjm, dhjbtras
darfarmb cafäabnj
j` prjfhm p`abjs para
apjrtur
apjrtura safar
a trjs anj`abtj
vjfjs,
vjfjs `asnjaffhmbjs
, abtjs qquj
uj sj
rjsohstrara `a prhdjra trabsaffhöb para j` ijbjlhfhm nj` põi`hfm.
Vj dj caiäa mlrjfhnm
mlrjfhnm ancjrhrdj a` fmbsmrfhm, y ym `m caiäa fmbs
fmbshnj
hnj
ranm, pjrm bm afjptè pmrq
pmrquj
uj sh cay quj cafjr a`oõb thp
thpmm nj dabhmira dj
ousta cafjr`a pmr dh dhsdm. Mpjrm sjoõb dh hblmrdafhöb y shom dhs
prmphms dètmnms. Fuabnm sa`hjrmb `as affhmbjs nj Imrbjm ^hb, saihjbnm
fua`js jrab `ms
`ms rjfursms nj` fmbsmrfhm y sus p`abjs, y saihjbnm tadihèb
tadihèb nj
`m quj jra fapaz
fapaz j` põi`hfm
p õi`hfm,, fmdprè nhjz dh` affhmbjs nurabtj `a prhdjr
prhdjraa
cmra nj` prhdjr näa. Vu njiut jb j` djrfanm tuvm èxhtm. Nj cjfcm, `ms
prmdmtmrjs
jrrmr pjrnjr
pjrnjr vhjrmb
vhjrm
tabtasbaffhmbjs
quj `a njdabna
jb tab pmfm
jra tab
thjdpm.
afthvaNjsfuirhjrmb
quj njfhnhjrmb
qujquj
ymjra
caiäa
ub
fmdpranm nhjz dh` affhmbjs fash a` dhsdm thjdpm quj njsfuirhjrmb quj
pmnäab vjbnjr tmnas `as affhmbjs quj tjbäab fmb sm`m darfar j` prjfhm jb
vjbthfhbfm m trjhbta pubtms pmr jbfhda. Wmr `m tabtm, ``joarmb a `a
fmbf`ushöb nj quj j` ijbjlhfhm nj dhs nhjz dh` affhmbjs `js quhtaräa uba
partj hdpmrtabtj nj `ms dh``mbjs quj j``ms vjäab tab sjourms fmdm sh
jstuvhjrab jb `a fujbta nj` iabfm. Asä quj njtuvhjrmb sus mpjrafhmbjs
a`fhstas j hbtjbtarmb njscafjrsj nj dä. Wjrm ym dj sjbtè. J``
J``ms
ms sj nhjrmb
pmr vjbfhnms fmbdhom, pmrquj bm qujräab quj j` djrfanm sj `js jsfapa
ra, y jdpjzarmb a suihr j` prjfhm, tratabnm nj bm pjrnjr bhbouba affhöb
jb `a djnhna nj `m pmshi`j.
\hjrmb `a orab a`tura quj caiäab a`fabzanm mtrms va`mrjs
va`mrj s y fmdjb
zarmbb a pjbsar jjbb ih``mbj
zarm ih``mbjs.
s. Ihjb, fuabnm Imrbjm ^hb a`fabzö `ms 197,197, `js
njeè tjbjr dhs nhjz dh` affhmbjs
affhmbjs.. Jstm vjrhlhfö j` asfjbsm y ``ms
ms dabaojrs

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 13:

nj` fmbsmrfhm jdpjzarmb a tmdarsj j` prmfjsm nj jdpuej cafha arrhia
fmb dás fa`da. Jb `a shouhjbtj rjfupjrafhöb, hbtjbtarmb cafjr ub
djrfanm afthvm nj bujvm, y sj njschfhjrmb nj a`oubas affhmbjs, pjrm `a
djrfabfäa njdmströ sjr njdashanm fara. Lhba`djbtj j` prjfhm sj darfö
jb 1:7. Wjrm `a jf`mshöb caiäa pasanm nj dmnm pjrdabjbtj, asä quj j`
fmbsmrfhm sj vhm mi`hoanm a pmbjr jb j` djrfanm `as affhmbjs quj punm,
para aquj``as pjrsmbas a `as quj `js jbfabta fmdprar tras uba iujba
rjaffhöb, fmb `a la`afha nj quj uba affhöb quj sj vjbnhö uba vjz a 1:7,
js iarata fuabnm sj vjbnj a 167 y uba oaboa fuabnm sj vjbnj a 197.
^adihèb, trabsdhthjrmb j` prmbösthfm a `ms mpjranmrjs nj` parquè, quj
pujnjb cafjr a vjfjs ub djrfanm tjdpmra`, y dás tarnj a `as fasas nj
fmdhshöb. ^mnm pusm a`om nj su partj, y j` fmbsmrfhm uth`hzö tmnas `as
jstrataojdas caihnas y pmr caijr. J` prmi`jda jra quj ya caiäa pasanm
j` thjdpm @a
abzuj`ms. nj pabnh``a
`as affhmbjs a`fhstas.
nj Imrbjm bm@ms tmbtms
`m vhm, sj caiäab
m quhzás traoanm
bm quhsm mtrms
vjr`m.
Jstaia jb Wa`d Ijafc fmb dh jspmsa. Zb näa chfj ub pmfm nj
nhbjrm jb Orhn`jy y fuabnm ``jouè a fasa jbtrjouè a Drs. @hvhbostmb j`
rjfhim. Luj uba furhmsa fmhbfhnjbfha, pjrm jsa dhsda bmfcj, j``a
fmbmfhö jb uba fjba a` prjshnjbtj nj `a Imrbjm ^hb Fmdpaby, ub ta` Dr.
_hsjbstjhb, quj sj caiäa fmbvjrthnm jb dabaojr nj` fmbsmrfhm nj
affhmbjs. Casta a`oõb thjdpm njspuès, bm suphdms quj caiäa ``jvanm a
faim, nj`hijranjdjbtj, uba sjrhj nj dabhmiras para sjbtarsj a` `anm nj
Drs. @hvhbostmb jb `a fjba.
Vj jsdjrö jb sjr parthfu`ardjbtj
parthfu`ar djbtj aoranai`j fmb j``a y cai`ar nj ub dmnm
duy jbtrjtjbhnm. Cafha j` lhba`, nj ub dmnm duy fmblhnjbfha`, `j nhem,
 Drs. @hvhbostmb, vmy a cafjr a`om quj bm cj cjfcm bubfa. Jstmy
sathsljfcm nj cafjr`m pmrquj ustjn saij jxaftadjbtj `m quj shobhlhfa. "
Njeö nj cai`ar y dhrö abshmsadjbtj a Drs. @hvhbostmb, para asjourarsj
nj quj j``a bm sö`m jra hbtj`hojbtj, shbm anjdás nhsfrjta. J``a `m punm `jjr
`jjr
jb su fara, tab f`arm fmdm uba hbsfrhpfhöb.
hbsfrhp fhöb. Wjrm tmnm `m quj nhem lu
lujj "sä".
" sä".
"Vä, Drs. @hvhbostmb. Ca shnm ub orab p`afjr fmbmfjr`a a ustjn y
a su darhnm, y quhjrm njdmstrar quj smy shbfjrm fuabnm nhom jstm y js
pmrquj jspjrm vjr`js a djbunm a adims. ¡Jstmy sjourm nj quj bm tjbom
quj njfhr`j quj `m quj vmy a njfhr js jstrhftadjbtj fmblhnjbfha`!"
Njspuès susurrö, "Vh fmdprarab a`oubas affhmbjs nj Imrbjm ^hb, mitjb
nräab ubms jbmrdjs ijbjlhfhms."
"½Jsm frjj=" prjoubtö j``a.

13<<
13 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
"Eustm abtjs nj aiabnmbar j` cmtj`," nhem è`, "rjfhiä ubas fuabtas
bmthfhas quj bm sjráb nj` nmdhbhm põi`hfm nurabtj a` djbms ubms nhas.
\my a fmdprar tmnas `as affhmbjs quj pujna. Vh `as fmdpra dañaba jb
`a apjrtura, `as fmdprara a` dhsdm thjdpm y a` dhsdm prjfhm quj ym. @j
nmy dh pa`aira, nj quj js duy prmiai`j quj `as affhmbjs nj Imrbjm
suiab. Zstjn js `a õbhfa pjrsmba a quhjb cj nhfcm jstm. ¡Aism`utadjbtj
`a õbhfa!"
J``a `j nhm `as orafhas y njspuès `j nhem quj bm saiäa bana afjrfa
nj `a jspjfu`afhöb fmb affhmbjs. Wjrm è` `a asjourö quj bm jra bjfjsarhm
quj suphjra dás quj `m quj è` `j caiäa nhfcm. Wara asjourarsj nj quj j``a
`m caiäa mhnm fmrrjftadjbtj `j rjphthö su fmbsjem5
"^mnm `m quj thjbj quj cafjr js fmdprar tabtas affhmbjs nj Imrbjm
^hb fmdm Bubfa
fèbthdm. njsjj. @j
jb pujnm narcj
dh vhna dh nhfcm
pa`airaa nj qujduejr,
uba sh `m cafj bm pjrnjrá
pjr njrá
bh tadpmfm a ub
cmdirj, quj fmdprj a`om. Wjrm jstmy tab sjourm nj quj j` va`mr bm sj
njtjbnrá jb 977, quj dj oustaräa quj ustjn chfhjra a`oõb nhbjrm. Xm sm`m
bm pujnm fmdprar tmnas
tmnas `as affhmbj
affhmbjs, s, y sh a`ouhjb dás, sj ca nj ijbjlhfhar
nj` asfjbsm, prjljrhräa quj lujra ustjn abtjs quj bhboõb mtrm jxtrañm. @j
nhom jstm jb fmblhabza pmrquj sè quj ustjn bm cai`ará nj j``m. Afjptj dh
pa`aira Drs. @hvhbostmb y fmdprj Imrbjm ^hb!"
Vj fmdpmrtö nj ub dmnm tab tab j`joabtj y `a hdprjshmbö nj ta` dmnm,
quj j``a fmdjbzö a pjbsar quj caiäa jbfmbtranm ub jxfj`jbtj usm para
`ms quhbhjbtms nö`arjs quj ym `j caiäa nanm jsa tarnj. Jsj nhbjrm bm dj
caiäa fmstanm bana, y jstaia lujra nj su pjbshöb. Jb mtras pa`airas, jra
nhbjrm láfh` quj sj pmnäa pjrnjr sh ``aa sujrtj hia jb su fmbtra. Wjrm è` caiäa
nhfcm quj sjouradjbtj oabaräa. Vjräa aoranai`j qquj uj j``a pjsfara nhbjrm
fmb su prmpha faña, y quj njspuès dj nhejra födm `j caiäa hnm.
Wujs ihjb, a `a
`a dañab
dañabaa shouhjbtj, abtjs nj quj j` djrfanm airhjra
airhjra,,
sj nhrhohö a `a mlhfhba nj Carnhbo y `j nhem a` dábaojr5
"Dr. Ca`jy, quhjrm fmdprar a`oubas affhmbjs, pjrm bm quhjrm
hbf`uhr`as jb dh fujbta rjou`ar ppmrquj
mrquj bm dj oustaräa quj d dhh darhnm
suphjra bana casta quj caya fmbsjouhnm cafjr a`o a`oõb
õb nhb
nhbjrm.
jrm. ½Wujnj arrj
o`árdj`m="
Ca`jy,
jspjfha`. Näoa j`djdabaojr,
Näoadj nhem, "Mc,
nj quj aaffhmbjs
ffhmbjs sä.a Wmnjdms
sj trat
trata y fuábtas cafjr
quhjrjuba
quhjrj fujbta
fmdprar."
J``a `j nhm `ms quhbhjbtms
quhbhjbt ms nö`arjs y `j nhem, "Jsfufcj, pmr llavmr.
avmr. Bm
quhjrm pjrnjr
pjrnjr dás nhbjrm quj èstj. Vh `m phjrnm bm quhjrm njijr`j a ustjn

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 13?

bana; y rjfujrnj,
rjf ujrnj, bm quhjrm quj Dr. @hvhbostmb
@hvhb ostmb sjpa bana
bana afjrfa nj jstm.
Födprjdj tmnas `as affhmbjs quj pujna nj Imrbjm ^hb, jb `a apjrtura."
Ca`jy tmdö j` nhbjrm, nhem quj bm nhräa uba pa`aira a banhj, y `j
fmdprö fhjb affhmbjs jb `a apjrtura. Frjm quj `as mitu
mituvm
vm a 173. J` va`mr
jstaia duy afthvm jsj näa y sj fjrrö fmb uba suihna nj trjs pubtms. Drs.
@hvhbstmb jstaia tab jbfabtana fmb su aftuafhöb, quj chzm tmnm `m quj punm
para bm njfhrdj bana afjrfa nj j``m.
Xm, jbtmbfjs, jstaia fm`mfábnmdj jb uba shtuafhöb fana vjz dás
iaehsta jb j` djrfanm. Dj ``adö `a atjbfhöb `a hbusua` afthvhnan
afthvhn an jb Imrbjm
^hb. Bm pjbsaia quj lujra j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm para quj sj prmnuejra
ub asfjbsm jb bhboõb va`mr, y dufcm djbms jb èsj. Caiäa njfhnhnm
fmdjbzar dhs mpjrafhmbjs iaehstas jsj dhsdm näa, y fmdjbfè vjbnhjbnm
nhjz dh` affhmbjs nj Imrbjm. Vh bm `m cuihjra cjfcm, frjm quj j` va`mr
cairäa suihnm fhbfm m sjhs pubtms jb `uoar nj trjs.
J` näa shouhjbtj, vjbnä
v jbnä nms dh` affhmbjs
affhmbjs jb `a apjrtura y nms dh` eustm
eust m
abtjs nj` fhjrrj, y j` va`mr sj rmdphö jb 179.
Ca`jy, j` dabaojr nj Carnhbo Irmtcjrs nj `a sufursa` nj Wa`d
Ijafc, jstaia jspjrabnm quj Drs. @hvhbobstmb ``adara a `a tjrfjra
dañaba. J``a ojbjra`djbtj sj njeaia vjr pmr acä a`rjnjnmr nj `as mbfj
para vjr fmdm hiab `as fmsas, sh ym jstaia mfupanm.
Ca`jy `a apartö y `j nhem, "Drs. @hvhbostmb, sh quhjrj quj shoa
dabtjbhjbnm sus fhjb affhmbjs .nj Imrbjm ^hb, tjbnrá quj nardj dás
darojb."
"Wjrm bm tjbom bana dás", nhem j``a.
"Wujnm trabsljrhr`m a su fujbta rjou`ar," nhem è`.
"Bm," miejtö j``a, "@.@. sj jbtjraräa nj j``m."
 "Wjrm `a fujbta dujstra ya uba pèrnhna nj ..." fmdjbzö a njfhr
Ca`jy.
"Wjrm ym njeè ihjb f`arm quj bm qujräa pjrnjr dás nj `ms quhbhjb
tms nö`arjs. Bh shquhjra qujräa pjrnjr jsm," nhem j``a.
"@mm ssè,
"@ è, Drs. @hvhbostmb, pjrm bm qujräa vjbnjr`a
vjbnjr`ass shb
shb fmbsu`tar`m
fmb ustjn, y acmra, a djbms quj ustjn dj autmrhfj a dabtjbjr, tjbnrè quj
vjbnjr`as."
"Wjrm, ¡tuvhjrmb uba aftuafhöb tab iujba j` näa quj `as fmdprè,"
nhem, "quj bm pjbsè quj lujrab a aftuar asä tab prmbtm. ½X ustjn="
"Bm," rjspmbnhö Ca`jy, "ym tadpmfm." Jb `as mlhfhbas
mlhfhbas nj fmrrjtaej
thjbjb quj
quj sjr nhp`mdáthfms
nhp`mdáthfms..

133 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"½Què js `m quj mfurrj Dr. Ca`jy="

Ca`jy `m saiäa,
sai äa, pjr
pjrmm bm sj `m pmnäa njfhr sh
shbb nj`ata
nj`atardj,
rdj, y ub f`hjbtj
js saoranm.
saoran m. As
Asää quj nhem, "bm cj mhnm bana jsp
jspjfha
jfha`,`, ¡ acä va! ¡cafha aiaem!"
y sjña`ö j` tai`öb nj fmthzafhmbjs.
Drs. @hvhbostmb dhrö ráphnadjbtj, y vhm quj j` va`mr sj cubnäa5
"¡Mc, Dr. Ca`jy! ¡Bm quhjrm pjrnjr dhs quhbhjbtms nö`arjs!½Què pujnm
cafjr="
"Bm `m sè, Drs. @hv@hvhbo
hbostm
stmb,
b, pjrm sh ym luj
lujra
ra ustjn
ustjn,, sj `m prjo
prjoubta
ubtaräa
räa
a Dr. @hvhb
@hvhbostmb."
ostmb."
"¡Mc, bm! È` bm quhjrj quj ym jspjfu`j pmr dh fujbta. Dj `m nhem.
È` dj fmdpra m dj vjbnj `as affhmbjs sh sj `m phnm, pjrm bubfa caiäa
cjfcm bhbouba mpjrafhöb shb quj è` `m suphjra. Bm dj atrjvjräa a
njfärsj`m."
"Jstá ihjb," nhem Ca`jy nu`fjdjbtj. "Js ub mpjranmr jstupjbnm y
sairá `m quj njij cafjr." Wjrm a` vjr`a aohtar su faijza vhm`jbtadjbtj
nhfhjbnm quj bm, añanhö5 " \n. tjbnrá quj pmbjr dh` m nms dh` nö`arjs
para fuhnar nj sus affhmbjs Imrbjm."
Abtj `a a`tjr
a`tjrbath
bathva
va tmdö `a njfh
njfhshö
shöb.
b. Vj qujnö jb `a mlhfhba, pjrm
fmdm j` djrfanm sj hia cafhjbnm fana vjz dás nèih`, sj afjrfö a nmbnj
ym jstaia sjbtanm dhrabnm j` tai`jrm y dj nhem quj qujräa cai`ar
fmbdhom. Luhdms a `a mlhfhba prhvana y dj fmbtö tmna `a chstmrha. Vö`m
`j nhej5 "Jrjs uba pjqujña bhña tmbta, js djemr quj tj dabtjboas apartana
nj jstj bjomfhm."
Wrmdjthö quj `m caräa, asä quj `j njvm`vä sus quhbhjbtms nö`arjs y
sj luj fmbtjbta. Wara jbtmbfjs j` va`mr jstaia a `a par.
 Xm vh `m quj caiäa sufjnhnm. _hsjbstjhb jra uba pjrsmba duy
astuta. È` sj lhouraia quj Drs. @hvhbostmb dj nhräa `m quj è` `j caiäa
nhfcm y quj ym jstunharäa `a shtuafhöb. È` saiäa quj `a afthvhnan shjdprj
dj atraj y quj jb jstms dmdjbtms tjbäa uba `äbja iastabtj lujrtj.
Vupmbom quj è` pjbsaia quj ym fmdpraräa nhjz dh` m vjhbtj dh` nö`arjs.
Luj ubm nj `ms prmbösthfms dás artästhfa j hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj p`a
bjanms. Wjrm sa`hö da`. ^jbäa quj sa`hr da`. Jb prhdjr `uoar, `a pjrsmba
quj `m rjfhihö
hbjspjrana caiäa
y pmr `m rjfhihnm jsj ub
tabtm tjbäa dhsdm näadufcm
ábhdm quhbhjbtms
dás nö`arjs nj lmrda
avjbturjrm nj `m
bmrda` . Njsjaia cafjr a`oõb nhbjrm pmr sh dhsda, y nradathzö `a
shtuafhöb nj ub dmnm tab atrafthvm quj `j rjsu`tö hrrjshsthi`j. Vaiäa `m quj
ym mphbaia nj `a jspjfu`afhöb nj va`mrjs a dabms nj pjrsmbas bm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 138

hbhfhanas, y bm sj atrjvhö a djbfhmbardj `a fujsthöb. _hsjbstjhb bm
aba`hzöAnjdás,
su pshfm`moäa
jstaia nj` dmnm aprmphanm.
tmta`djbtj jquhvmfanm smirj `a f`asj nj mpjranmr
quj ym jra. Bubfa prjstm atjbfhöb a `ms prmbösthfms y, anjdás, jstaia a
`a iaea jb tmnm j` djrfanm. @as táfthfas quj è` fmbshnjrö jljfthvas a `a
cmra nj hbnufhrdj a fmdprar Imrbjm, m sja, `a afthvhnan y j` asfjbsm nj
trjs pubtms, luj prjfhsadjbtj `m quj dj chzm tmdar Imrbjm fmdm imtöb
nj arrabquj fuabnm njfhnä vjbnjr tmnm j` djrfanm.
^ras mhr `a chstmrha nj Drs. @hvhbostmb tuvj dás njsjms quj bubfa
nj vjbnjr Imrbjm. ^mnas `as dañabas jb `a apjrtura y tmnas `as tarnjs ,
eust
eu stmm abtjs
abt js nj fj
fjrr
rrar
ar,, dj njnjsc
scaf
afäa
äa nj a`ou
a` ouba
bass affh
af fhmb
mbjs
js rjou
rj ou`a
`ard
rdjb
jbtj
tj,,
casta quj vh `a mpmrtubhnan nj tmdar dhs fmrtms fmb ub ijbjlhfhm
sustabfhmsm.
Vhjdprj dj ca parjfhnm j` fm`dm nj `a hnhmtjz mpjrar iasábnmsj
jb prmbösthfms. Vupmbom quj bm jstmy cjfcm para aftuar nj jsj dmnm.
A`oubas vjfjs phjbsm quj `ms quj afjptab prmbösthfms smb fmdm `ms
imrrafcms.
Cay a`oubms quj bm pujnjb rjshsthrsj a` njsjm, y jstáb shjdprj a
`a iõsqujna nj `as earras nj a`fmcm` quj rjprjsjbtab su lj`hfhnan. ¡Js tab
láfh` airhr `ms mhnms y njear quj jbtrj j` prmbösthfm! J` cjfcm nj quj `j
nhoab a ubm `m quj ca nj cafjr para sjr lj`hz, nj dabjra quj pujnas
mijnjfjr láfh`djbtj, js a`om hbdjnhatadjbtj abtjrhmr a `a lj`hfhnan, y
quj jstá duy `jems
`jems nj` `morm nj `ms njsjms nj` fmrazöb
fmrazöb.. Bm sj trata nj
avarhfh
avarhfha
bm tjbjra fjoan
fjoanaa pmr j` abs
quj pjbsar. absha,
ha, shbm nj jspj
jspjrab
rabza
za vjbna
vjbnana
na fmb j` njsjm nj
 X bm sö`m sj jbfujbtrab "tmdanmrjs nj prmbösthfms" jdpjnjrbh
nms jbtrj j` põi`hfm alhfhmbanm. ^adihèb njeab iastabtj quj njsjar a`
oubms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js nj` parquè nj `a im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk.
Vmy p`jbadjbtj fmbsfhjbtj nj quj airhoab bmfhmbjs jquhvmfanas
nj dä, sö`m pmr j` cjfcm nj quj ym bubfa mlrjzfm prmbösthfms a banhj. Vh
ym `j nhejra a` cmdirj djnhm, "¡\jbnj fhbfm dh` nj Vtjj`!" `m caräa rá
phnadjbtj. Wjrm sh `j nhejra quj jstmy a `a iaea jb tmnm j` djrfanm y `j
jxp`hfara `as razmbjs fmb tmnm njta``j, `j fmstaräa traiaem jsfufcardj, y
njspuès nj njeardj cai`ar, dj dhraräa ljrmzdjbtj pmr cafjr`j pjrnjr su
thjdpm jxprjsabnm dhs vhshmbjs nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js nj` djr
fanm, jb vjz nj mlrjfjr`j
mlrjfjr`j ub prmbösthfm njtjrdhbanm
njtjrdh banm y nhrjftm,
nhrjf tm, ta` y fmdm
cafjb `ms vjrnanjrms lh`ábtrmpms nj _a`` Vtrjjt, `ms nj `a f`asj quj

1877
18 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
nhslruta pmbhjbnm nhbjrm jb `ms im`sh``ms nj adhoms, fmbmfhnms y jxtra
ñms.
@a frjjbfha jb `ms dh`aorms, quj tmnms `ms cmdirjs a`ijroab, bafj
nj uba hbnu`ojbfha hbdmnjrana abtj `a jspjrabza. Cay pjrsmbas quj
thjbjb jspjrabzas nj dmnm pjrhönhfm, pjrm tmnms fmbmfjdms a` imrrafcm
nj jspjrabza fröbhfa, quj aparjfj abtj bmsmtrms fmdm ub mpthdhsta
jejdp`ar. Vmb, õbhfadjbtj, "tmdanmrjs nj prmbösthfms."
^jbom ub fmbmfhnm, ub dhjdirm nj `a im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk, quj
jra ubm nj jsms quj pjbsaiab quj ym jra ub fjrnm jomhsta, nj fmrazöb nj
phjnra pmrquj bubfa mlrjfäa prmbösthfms bh afmbsjeaia a `ms adhoms. Zb
näa, jstm luj cafj ya dufcms añms, è` jstaia cai`abnm fmb ub pjrhmnhsta
quj djbfhmbö, fasua`djbtj, quj saiäa nj iujba thbta quj O.M.C. hia a
suihr. Dh
iaeaia tabadhom fmdprö, ráphnadjbtj,
jstrjphtmsadjbtj quj pjrnhö fhjb affhmbjs
trjs dh` y vhm quj
quhbhjbtms j` prjfhm
nö`arjs abtjs
nj quj punhjra njtjbjr `a pèrnhna. Zb näa m nms dás tarnj, sj vm`vhö a
jbfmbtrar fmb j` pjrhmnhsta, tmnaväa jstaia rjsjbthnm.
"¡Djbunm prmbösthfm dj nhstj!", sj `adjbtö.
"½Njj què prmbösthfm dj cai`as=, prjoubtö j` pjrhmnhsta quj ya bm
"½N
sj afmrnaia.
"Afjrfa nj O.M.C. Nhehstj quj `m saiäas nj iujba thbta."
"X asä jra. Dj `m nhem ub nhrjftmr nj `a fmdpañäa quj js dhjdirm
nj` fmdhtè nj lhbabzas."
"½Fuá`
"Vh nj saijr`m,"
njsja j``ms jra=,fmbtjstö
prjoubtö
j` j` mpjranmr"luj
pjrhmnhsta, fmb su
ahrjprmphm
vjboathvm.
sujorm,
Dr. _jst`akj."
 "½X pmr què njdmbhms bm dj nhem quj sj trataia nj è`=", orhtö j`
fmrrjnmr. "¡Dj ca fmstanm trjs dh` quhbhjbtms nö`arjs!"È` bm frjäa jb
prmbösthfms. Fuabtm dás `jeaba lujra `a lujbtj nj hblmrdafhöb, dás purm
jra j` prmbösthfm.
J` vhjem _jst`akj jra ub rhfm iabqujrm y prmdmtmr nj èxhtm.
èxhtm . Zb näa
sj jbfmbtrö fmb Emcb. _. Oatjs. Oatjs `j prjoubtö sh saiäa a`om. " Vh
aftõas jb iasj a j``m, tj narè ub iujb prmbösthfm, sh bm phjbsas cafjr`m,
nädj`m pmrquj asä dj acmrras ub traiaem," rjspmbnhö j` vhjem _jst`akj
da`cudmranm.
"Wmr supujstm quj aftuarè jb iasj a j``m," prmdjthö Oatjs.
"¡\jbnj Yjanhbo! cay jb eujom ubms vjhbthfhbfm pubtms sjourms,
y pmshi`jdjbtj dás. Wjrm `ms vjhbthfhbfm pubtms jstáb sjourms," `j nhem.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 181

"@j jstmy duy aoranjfhnm," y apujstm ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs a quj
Oatjs `j jstrjfcö `a dabm fá`hnadjbtj y sj luj jb nhrjffhöb a `a mlhfhba
nj fmrrjtaej.
_jst`akj sj caiäa jspjfha`hza
jspjfha`hzanm
nm jb Yjanhbo. Vaiäa tmnm `m rj`a
fhmbanm fmb `a fmdpañäa y fmbtrhiuäa houa` quj `ms hbhfhanms, asä quj j`
djrfanm nj jsj va`mr jra ub `hirm aihjrtm para è`, y tmnm j` dubnm `m
saiäa. Acmra jstaia afmbsjeabnm a` apmstanmr nj` _jstjrb quj sj pushjra
a fmrtm fmb jsj va`mr.
Wujs ihjb, Yjanhbo bm njeö nj suihr. Jxpjrhdjbtö ub asfjbsm nj
ubms fhjb pubtms jb ubas fuabtas sjdabas. Zb näa j` vhjem _jst`akj sj
jbfmbtrö nj lrjbtj fmb
fmb Emcb _. jb `a fa``j, pjrm chzm fmdm quj bm `j caiäa
vhstm y shouhö fadh
fadhbabnm.
babnm. Emcb _. Oatjs, `j aa`fabzö,
`fabzö, su fara jra tmnm
smbrhsas y `j mlrjfhö
mlrjfhö `a dabm.
dabm . Män _jst`akj `j sa`unö asmdiranm.
"Quhjrm nar`j `as orafhas pmr j` prmbösthfm quj dj nhm smirj Yj
anhbo," nhem Oatjs.
"Bm `j nh bhboõb prmbösthfm,"
prmbösth fm," nhem _jst`akj lrubfhjbn
lrubfhjbnmm j` fjñm.
"Wujs f`arm quj `m chzm. X, anjdás, luj ub iujb prmbösthfm. Chfj
sjsjbta dh` nö`arjs."
"½Chzm sjsjbta dh` nö`arjs="
" ¡Wmr
¡Wmr supujstm
supujstm!! ½bm `m rjfujrna
rjfujrna== Dj nhem quj vjbnhjra Yjanhbo; asä
quj `m fmdprè! Vhjdprj cj cjfcm nhbjrm nabnm `a vuj`ta a sus prmbös
thfms, _jst`akj," nhem Emcb _. Oatjs p`afjbtjradjbtj."¡Vhjdprj!"
J` vhjem
vhjem _jst`akj `j dhrö y rjdarfö fm fmbb andhrafhöb, "Oatj
"Oatjs,s, ¡qu
¡qujj
rhfm sjräa sh tuvhjra su fjrjirm!"
J` mtrm näa dj jbfmbtrè fmb Dr. _. A. Ymojrs,
Ymo jrs, j` ladmsm nhiueabtj,
 pmr fuyms nhiuems nj `ms fmrrjnmrjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt shjbtm
shjbtm tabta andhrafhöb.
andhra fhöb.
Vus nhiuems
nhiuems nharhms jb j` Cjra`n nj Bujva Xmrk cab shnm nurabtj añms j`
p`afjr nj
nj dufcas pjrsmbas. Wujs ihjb, dj fmbtö uba chstmrha. Luj eustm
abtjs nj quj jbtráradms jb oujrra fmb Jspaña. È` jstaia pasabnm `a tarnj
fmb ub adhom fmrrjnmr. Fuabnm sj darfcö fmehö su smdirjrm nj `a pjrfca,
a` djbms è` pjbsaia quj jra su smdirjrm, pmrquj jra nj `a dhsda lmrda
y `j jbfaeaia pjrljftadjbtj.
Jb `a fa``j, jb aquj``ms dmdjbtms, sö`m sj cai`aia y sj pjbsaia
nj `a oujrra fmb Jspaña. ½Vj hia a prmnufhr m bm= Vh caiäa oujrra j`
djrfanm iaearäa; bm pmr bujstras fmdpras, shbm pmr `a prjshöb nj `ms
affhmbhstas
fmdprar jurmpjms
affhmbjs, ya smirj
qu j sjbujstras
quj affhmbjs. Vh
caiäab prmnufhnm caiäa njsfjbsms
dufcms paz, `m djemr jraa
a fausa
faus

189 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nj `as njf`arafhmbjs nj `a prjbsa sjbsafhmba`hsta. Dr. Ymojrs dj fmbtö

j` rjstm nj `a chstmrha5
"Dh adhom, j` fmrrjnmr, jb fuya fasa caiäa jstanm `a bmfcj
abtjrhmr, jstuvm jb `a im`sa j` näa shouhjbtj, njiathjbnm abshmsadjbtj jb
su fjrjirm jb quj `anm nj` djrfa
djrfanm
nm njiäa fm`mfarsj.
fm`mf arsj. Aba`hzö `as vjbtaeas
j hbfmbvjbhjbtjs, pjrm jra hdpmshi`j fjrfhmrarsj nj `m quj jrab cjfcms
y `m quj jrab sm`m rudmrjs. Bm caiäa bhbouba bmthfha autèbthfa quj `j
shrvhjra nj ouäa. Jb ub dmdjbtm pjbsaia quj `a oujrra jra hbjvhtai`j, y
a` dhbutm shouhjbtj sj fmbvjbfäa nj quj jsm jra fash hdpmshi`j. @a
pjrp`jehnan `j njihö prmvmfar ub asfjbsm jb `a tjdpjratura nj su fujrpm,
pmrquj sj quhtö j` smdirjrm para sjfarsj `a lrjbtj. Bm saiäa sh njiäa
fmdprar m vjbnjr.
"Nhm `a fasua`hnan nj quj dhrö jb j` hbtjrhmr nj` smdirjrm. A``ä,
jb `jtras nmranas, jstaia `a pa`aira _AY (oujrra). Jsm jra tmnm `m quj
bjfjshtaia. ½Bm luj jsm ub prmbösthfms nj `a prmvhnjbfha a travès nj dh
smdirjrm== Ash quj vjbnhö affhm
smdirjrm affhmbjs,
bjs, `a oujrra jstaia ya njf`arana, sj pusm
a fuihjrtm jb `a ruptura y mituvm uba tjrrhi`j oababfha." X njspuès
njsp uès _. A.
Ymojrs afaiö nhfhjbn
nhf hjbnm,"
m," ¡ bubfa rjfupjrè dh smdirjrm!"
Wjrm `a djemr chstmrha nj prmbösthfms nj dh fm`jffhöb, fmbfhjrbj
a ubm nj `ms dás pmpu`arjs dhjdirms nj `a im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk, E.^.
Cmmn.. Zb näa, mtrm mpjranmr nj` parq
Cmmn parquè,
uè, Ijrt _a`kjr,
_a`k jr, `j nhem quj `j caiäa
nanm ub iujb sustm a ub prmdhbjbtj nhrjftmr nj At`abthf & Vmutcjrb.
Fmdm
affhmbjsaoranjfhdhjbtm
nj A. & V. qujjsta pjrsmba
punhjra ``jvar.`j@ms
nhemnhrjftmrjs
quj fmdprara tmnasa`om
hiab a cafjr `as
quj j`jvaräa j` va`mr jb, a` djb
djbms,
ms, vjbthfhbf
vjbt hfhbfmm pubt
pubtms.
ms. B
Bmm tmnms `ms
nhrjftmrjs jstaiab djthnms jb j` asubtm, pjrm `a daymräa jstaiab sjourms
nj vmtar nj jsj dmnm.
Ijrt _a`kjr,
_a`k jr, ``joö a `a fmbf`u
fmbf`ushöb
shöb nj quj `a tasa nj nhvhnjbnm hia
a asfjbnjr. Vj `m nhem a su adhom Cmmn y adims fmdprarmb varhms dh`js
nj affhmbjs nj A.& V. J` va`mr jstaia duy nèih`, abtjs y njspuès nj `a
fmdpra, pjrm Cmmn nhem, quj fmb j``m sj prjtjbnäa lafh`htar `a afudu`a
fhöb pmr partj nj `ms hbhfhanms, jbfaijzanms pmr j` aoranjfhnm adhom nj
Ijrt. J` eujvjs shouhjbtj, njspuès nj fjrrar j` djrfanm, `ms nhrjftmrjs
nj At`abthf & Vmutcjrb sj rjubhjrmb y iaearmb j` nhvhnjbnm. J` va`mr sj
rmdphö
rmdp hö jb sjhs pubtms nurabt
nurabtjj `m
`mss prhdjrm
prhdjrmss sjh
sjhss dhbutms nj mpjrafh
mpjrafhöb
öb
nj `a dañaba nj` vhjrbjs.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 186

Ijrt _a`kjr jstaia duy rjsjbthnm. @`adö a` aoranjfhnm nhrjftmr,
quj tjbäa j` fmrazöb rmtm. Nhem quj bm rjfmrnaia caijr`j nhfcm a _a`kjr
quj fmdprara. Nhem quj jsa jra `a razöb pmr `a quj bm `j caiäa ``adanm
para pmbjr`j a` fmrrhjbtj nj` fadihm nj p`abjs nj `a laffhöb nmdhbabtj
nj `a eubta. J` nhrjftmr tjbäa tabtms rjdmrnhdhjbtms nj fmbfhjbfha y
jstaia tab abshmsm nj ayunar, quj mlrjfhö a Ijrt mtrm prmbösthfm. @j
jxp`hfö adai`jdjbtj quj ubms fuabtms fm`joas suyms qujräab fmdprar
affhmbjs iaratas y jb fmbtra nj su vm`ubtan, hiab a rjfurrhr a traiaems
sufhms. ^jbäa quj cafjr a`om para oabar sus vmtms. Wjrm acmra quj tmnms
caiäab afudu`anm `as `äbjas fmdp`jtas bm sj pmnäa cafjr bana para
njtjbjr j` avabfj. Fmdprar A.& V. sjourm quj acmra jra `m djemr quj sj
pmnäa cafjr.
Ijrt bm sö`m `j pjrnmbö, shbm quj anjdás jstrjfcö su dabm fa`u
rmsadjbtj. Batura`djbtj, luj nj hbdjnhatm jb iusfa nj su adhom y
väfthda, Cmmn, para pmbjr`j a` fmrrhjbtj nj `as bmthfhas. Hiab a oabar
dh``mbjs. Abtjs j` prmbösthfm caiäa shnm ub asfjbsm y caiäa
caiäabb fmdpranm.
Wjrm acmra jstaia quhbfj pubtms pmr njiaem. Jsm jra mivhm. Asä quj
fmdprarmb fhbfm dh` affhmbjs, fujbta fmbeubta.
Naia `a hdprjshöb nj quj sj caiäa aprjtanm ub imtöb para pmbjr`m
jb darfca, j` va`mr sj rmdphö jb `m quj jra mivhadjbtj uba vjbta pmr
partj nj `ms hbhfhanms. Nms jspjfha`hstas fmblhrdarmb sus smspjfcas.
Cmmn vjbnhö `as fhbfm dh` afhmb
afhmbjs.
js. Fuabnm sj pusm jb fmdubhfafhöb
fmdubhf afhöb fmb
Ijrt _a`kjr
_a`kjr `j nhem, "Vh jsj da`nhtm hdièfh
hdièfh`` bm sj cuihjra hnm a L`mrhna
abtjayjr, `j safaräa `as trhpas. Vä, eurm quj `m caräa. \jb fmbdhom."
"½A nöbnj=" prjoubtö Cmmn.
 "A `a mlhfhba nj tj`èoralms. Quhjrm dabnar`j a jsa rata ub
tj`jorada para quj bubfa dj m`vhnj. \adms."
Cmmn sa`hö. Ijrt sj jbfadhbö cafha `a mlhfhba nj tj`èoralms.
Njspuès
Njspu ès ``jvan
``jvanmm pmr sus sjbthd
sjbthdhjbtms,
hjbtms, caiäa
caiäabb tjbhnm uba pèrnhna fmbsh
njrai`j fmb `as quhbhjbtas affhmbjs, fmdpusm uba phjza dajstra jb j`
artj nj `a vhtupjrafhöb. Vj `m `jyö y afaiö nhfhjbnm,
nhfhj bnm, "Jsm `j nará uba
uba hnja
nj `m quj phjbsm nj è`."
Jstaia a pubtm nj pasar`m a travès nj `a vjbtabh``a fuabnm Cmmn
nhem,"¡JspjraIjrt!"

"½Què
"Xm bmsufjnj="
`m jbvharäa
jbvharäa,"
," `j afmbsjeö Cmmn.
"½Wmrr què bm=", rjp`hfö Ijrt.
"½Wm

18> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

"Jstm cará quj `j nj ub iujb nm`mr nj trhpas."
"X jsm js `m quj qujrjdms, ½m bm=" nhem
nhem Ijrt, dhrabnm a Cmmn
Cmmn fmb
smrprjsa.
Wjrm Cmmn aohtö `a faiaza nj dmnm njsaprmva
njsa prmvatmrhm
tmrhm,, y nhem fm
fmbb tmna
sjrhjnan, "¡Bubfa bms vm`vjrá a nar mtrm prmbösthfm sh `j dabnas jsj
tj`jorada!"
Luj ub mpjranmr prmljshmba` quhjb nhem jsm. Ash quj, ½nj què va`j
cai`ar nj `a hdijfh`hnan quj pujna njdmstrar ub "tmdanmr nj prmbös
thfms"=
thfms "= @as pjrsmbas bm afjptab `ms prmbösthfms pmrquj sjab sjab fmdp`jta
djbtj hnhmtas, shbm pmrquj `js oustab jsms föftj`js nj jspjrabza nj `ms
quj cai`aia abtjs.
@a rjfjta nj` vhjem Iaröb Ymtcsfch`n para `a mitjbfhöb nj rhqujzas
sj ap`hfa shfmb
prjoubtö dásnhläfh`
bm jra lujrzacafjr
quj nhbjrm
bubfa jb
a `a jspjfu`afhöb.
`a Im`sa, A`ouhjb
y è` rjp`hfö `j
quj a`
fmbtrarhm, pjbsaia quj jra duy láfh`.
"Jsm js pmrquj ustjn js duy rhfm," miejtö j` jbtrjvhstanmr.
"Jbb aism`utm.
"J aism `utm. Cj ca``a
ca``anm
nm j` fadhbm láfh` y dj aljrrö a è`. Bm pujnm
jvhtar oabar nhbjrm. @j nhrè dä sjfrjtm sh `m njsja. Js èstj5 Bm fmdprm
bubfa jb j` suj`m y vjbnm shjdprj njdashanm prmbtm."
@ms hbvjrshmbhstas smb oa``hbas nj mtrm fmrra`. @a daymräa
daymräa nj j``ms
iusfab fmb achbfm hbvjbtarhms, jstanästhfas nj ijbjlhfhms y tmna f`asj nj
natms datjdáthfms,
datjdáthfms , fmd
fmdmm sh jstms lujrab
lujrab jquhva`
jquhva`jbtjs
jbtjs a `ms cjfcms.
cjfcms .
Fmdm bmrda sj dhbhdhza j` laftmr cudabm. A duy pmfa ojbtj `j ousta
fmdprar jb j` bjomfhm nj ub sö`m cmdirj. Wjrm j` hbvjrshmbhsta
hbvjrshmbh sta dás saihm
quj cj fmbmfhnm luj ub cmdirj quj jdpjzö shjbnm ub Cm`abnès nj
Wjbsh`v abha y afaiö jb _a`` Vtrjjt vhjbnm duy
Wjbsh`vabha duy a djbunm a Yussj``
Vaoj.
Jra ub orab hbvjrshmbhsta, ub cmdirj nj Dhssmurh hblathoai`j.
Frjäa jb `a hdpmrtabfha nj cafjrsj sus prmphas prjoubtas y vjr fmb sus
prmphms mems. @ms abtjmems nj `ms njdás bm `j sjrväab para bana. Jstm luj
cafj dufcms añms. Warjfj quj dabtjbäa
dabtjbäa iastabtjs affhmbjs nj Atfchsmb.
Jbtmbfjs fmdjbzö a mhrmhr hblmrdjs hbquhjtabtjs
hbquhjtabtj s smirj `a fmdpañäa y su
ojsthöb. @j nhejrmb quj Dr. Yjhbcart, j` prjshnjbtj, jb `uoar nj sjr `a
daravh``a quj sj frjäa quj jra, jra jb rja`hnan ub dabaojr nj `m dás
jxtravaoabtj, fuya hdprunjbfha hia a cafjr quj su fmdpañäa sj djthjra
jb `hms. Cairäa quj paoar `a njuna
njuna nj` njsastrj, fuabnm ``joara `a cmra nj
`a vjrnan.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 18:

Jstj thpm nj bmthfhas jrab para è` fmdm j` ahrj quj sj rjsphra. Vj
nhrhohö ráphnadjbtj
ubas fuabtas a Imstmb
prjoubtas. para jbtrjvhstar
@as prjoubtas fmbshstäaba Dr. Yjhbcart
jb rjpjthr y cafjr`j
`as afusafhm
bjs quj caiäa mhnm y prjoubtar`j njspuès sh jrab fhjrtas m bm.
Dr. Yjhbcart bm sm`m bjoö `as afusafhmbjs nj dmnm taxathvtaxathvm,
m, shbm
quj nhem a`om dás5 Wrmfjnhö a njdmstrar fmb fhlras quj `ms quj cafäab
ta`js alhrdafhmbjs bm jrab dás quj djbthrmsms ``jbms nj da`hfha. J`
Cm`abnès nj Wjbsh`vabha `j caiäa pjnhnm hblmrdafhöb jxafta y j`
prjshnjbtj nj Atfchsmb sj sj `a caiäa nanm, njdmstrábnm`j quj `a fmdpañha
``jvaia ub iujb
iujb fadhbm
fadhbm y quj sj dabtjbäa lhbabfhjradjbtj, casta j`
õ`thdm fjbtavm.
J` cm`abnès nj Wjbsh`vabha nhm `as orafhas a` prjshnjbtj Yjhbcart,
rjorjsö a Bujva Xmrk y vjbnhö ráphnadjbtj tmnas sus affhmbjs nj At
fchsmb. Zba sjdaba
sjdaba m nms dás tarnj uth`hzö sus lmbnms
lmbnms para fmdprar ub
iujb `mtj nj affhmbjs nj Nj`awarj, @afkawabba & _jstjrb.
Zbms añms dás tarnj jstáiadms cai`abnm nj om`pjs nj sujrtj, y
è` fhtö su prmphm fasm. Jxp`hfö `ms dmthvms quj `j ``jvarmb a cafjr`m.
"Wujs vjrá," nhem, "misjrvè quj j` Wrjshnjbtj Yjhbcart, fuabnm
jsfrhiäa `as fhlras, fmeäa `as cmeas nj papj` nj uba fash``a nj su djsa nj
dacmoabä. Jra ub papj` duy lhbm fmb ubas `jtras orabnjs oraianas jb
nms fm`mrjs. Bm sö`m jrab farms, shbm pjmr, jra hbbjfjsarhadjbtj farms.
Jsfrhiäa ubas fuabtas fhlras jb uba cmea para dmstrardj jxaftadjbtj `as
oababfhas quj jstaia jxpjrhdjbtabnm `a fmdpañäa fmb ubas njtjrdhba
nas nhvhshmbjs, m para dmstrardj j` dmnm nj rjnufhr oastms, m fmstjs nj
mpjrafhöb, njspuès jstrueaia
jstrueaia `a cmea y `a thraia
thraia a `a papj`jra. Njspuès
 njfhnäa hdprjshmbardj fmb `as jfmbmdäas quj jstaiab hbtrmnufhjbnm y
vm`väa a fmojr mtra cmea `hdpha nj `a daravh``msa `hirjta fmb jbubfhanms
oravanms jb nms fm`mrjs. Zbas fuabtas fhlras, y ¡ihbom! a `a papj`jra.
Dás nhbjrm thranm shb
shb pjbsar. Dj smrprjbnhö quj sh j` prjshnjbtj jra asä,
jra duy
duy jxtrañm quj hbshsthjra njdashanm jb tjbjr ashstjbfha jfmbödhfa.
Ash quj pmr `m tabtm, njfhnä frjjr a `a ojbtj quj dj caiäa nhfcm quj jra
ub jxtravaoabtj,
jxtravaoabtj , jb vjz nj afjptar `a vjrshöb nj`
nj` prjshnjbtj y vjbnä tmnas
`as affhmbjs nj Atfchsmb quj tjbäa.
"Zbas sjdabas dás tarnj tuvj mfashöb nj hr a `as mlhfhbas nj
Nj`awarj, @afkawabba & _jstjrb. J` vhjem vhjem Vab V`mab
V`mab jra j` prjshnjbtj.
Vu mlhfhba
mlhfhbajstaia
Vhjdprj jstaiaaihjrta.
a` `anm nj
Jb`a aquj``ms
jbtrana ynäas,
su pujrta
banhjjstaia
pmnäaaihjrta
aihjbtrar
jrta nj`
njjb
` tmnm.
tmn`as
m.

18<<
18 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
mlhfhbas ojbjra`js nj N.@.&_. y bm vjr a` prjshnjbtj nj `a fmdpañäa
sjbtanm jb su djsa. Fua`quhjra pmnäa jbtrar y cafjr bjomfhms fmb è`
nhrjftadjbtj, sh js quj caiäa a`oõb bjomfhm quj cafjr. @ms rjpmrtjrms
lhbabfhjrms dj sm`äab njfhr quj bubfa sj caiäab tjbhnm quj abnar pmr `as
radas fmb j` vhjem
vhjem Vad V`mab, sh bm quj `j cafäab `as prjoubtas
prj oubtas y shjdprj
mitjbäab ub sä m ub bm nhrjftm, lujrab fua`js lujrab `as jxhojbfhas nj `ms
nhrjftmrjs nj `as njdás jdprjsas nj` djrfanm nj va`mrjs.
"Fuabnm jbtrè vh quj j` vhjem jstaia mfupanm. A` prhbfhphm pjbsè
quj jstaia airhjbnm j` fmrrjm, pjrm fuabnm jbtrè y dj afjrquè vh `m quj
jstaia cafhjbnm. Vupj,
Vup j, njspuè
njspuès,
s, quj tjbäa `a fmstu
fmstudirj
dirj nj cafjr`m tmnms
`ms näas. Njspuès nj f`ashlhfar y airhr j` fmrrj
fmrrjm,m, jb vjz nj thrar `ms
`ms smirjs
vafäms, `ms eubtaia y sj `ms ``jvaia a su mlhfhba. Jb sus ratms `hirjs
rjfmrtaia `ms imrnjs nj `ms smirjs. Fmb jstm mitjbäa nms trmzms nj papj`,
fana ubm nj j``ms fmb ub `anm i`abfm y `hdphm. Njspuès `ms aph`aia y `ms
rjpartäa, para ut`hzar`ms fmdm imrranmr, para cafjr aquj``ms fá`fu`ms quj
Yjhbcart caiäa cjfcm jb `as cmeas
cmeas nj papj` lhb
lhbmm fmb `jtras oravanas jb nms
fm`mrjs. Bm sj njspjrnhfhaiab bh `ms smirjs bh `ms ratms `hirjs nj` prjsh
njbtj. Vj uth`hzaia tmnm.
^uvj `a sjourhnan nj quj sh èstj jra j` thpm nj cmdirj quj `a
fmdpañäa N. @. &_. tjbäa pmr prjshnjbtj, `a fmdpañäa tjbnräa j` dhsdm
thpm nj ojsthöb jb tmnms `ms njpartadjbtms. ¡J` prjshnjbtj sj jbfaroaräa
nj j``m! Wmr supujstm, saiäa quj `a fmdpa
fmdpañäa
ñäa paoaia
paoaia nhvhnjbnms rjou`ar
djbtj
affhmbjsy quj
jstaia jbnjuba
punj iujba
N.@. & _.shtuafhöb lhbabfhjra.
Njsnj jbtmbfjs Fmdprè
j` faphta` jb tmnas `as
affhmbjs
sj ca nmi`anm y fuanr
fuanrup`hf
up`hfanm.
anm. Dhs nhvhnjbnms abua`js smb nj` dhsdm
va`mr quj
quj dh prhdjra hbvjrsh
hbvjrshöb.
öb. ^mnaväa tjbom dhs affhmbjs
affh mbjs nj N.@. &_.
y Atfchsmb pasö a mtras dabms ubms djsjs njspuès nj quj ym vhjra fmdm
j` prjshnjbtj
prjshnj btj thraia a `a papj`jra uba
uba ccmea
mea tras mtra nj ub lhbm papj` fmb
`jtras oraianas jb nms fm`mrjs, para njdmstrardj, fmb bõdjrms, quj bm
jra jxtravaoabtj."
X `a ij``jza nj jsta chstmrha
chst mrha ranhfa jb quj js fhjrta y jb quj bm caiäa
bhboõb mtrm va`mr quj punhjra caijr shobhlhfanm uba djemr hbvjrshöb para
j` Cm`abnès nj pjbsh`vabha.

S\HH
A ubm nj dhs dás äbthdms adhoms `j jbfabta fmbtar chstmrhas afjrfa nj `m
quj è` ``ada, dhs prjsjbthdhjbtms. Vhjdprj nhfj quj dhs pmnjrjs
njsaläabb a` abá`hshs.
njsaläa abá` hshs. Njf`ara quj `m quj caom
caom js sjouhr fhjoa
fhjoadjbtj
djbtj fhjrtms
hdpu`sms dhstjrhmsms y fmb j``ms sa`om nj` djrfanm jb j` dmdjbtm
anjfuanm. Vu chstmrha prjljrhna js afjrfa nj ub oatm bjorm quj dj nhem,
njsnj su djsa nj njsayubm, quj vjbnhjra dufcas nj `as affhmbjs quj
tjbäa, y nj fmdm njspuès nj rjfhihr j` djbsaej nj` fafcmrrm jstuvj
da`cudmranm y bjrvhmsm casta quj vjbnä tmnas `as affhmbjs fmb `as quj
jstaia a `arom. Mituvj, práfthfadjbtj, `ms prj prjfhms
fhms dás a`tms, `m quj nhm
dás lujrza a `a tjmräa nj` faijzmta nj dh adhom.
Caiäa hnm a _aschbotmb para fmbvjbfjr a ubms fuabtms fmborj
 shstas nj quj bm jra duy saihm datarbms a iasj nj hdpujstms, y bm `j
jstaia prjstabnm dufca atjbfhöb a` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. @a njfhshöb nj
vjbnjr tmna `a `äbja, dj vhbm nj rjpjbtj, nj acä `a chstmrha nj dh adhom.
Andhtm quj
quj a`oubas vjfjs tjbom hdpu`sms hrrjshsthi`js
hrr jshsthi`js nj ca
cafjr
fjr a`om
njtjrdhbanm jb j` djrfanm. Bm hdpmrta sh jstmy a fmrtm m a `arom. Njim
sa`hr. Bm jstmy a oustm casta quj `m caom. Xm phjbsm quj `m quj mfurrj js
quj vjm dufcas sjña`js nj anvjrtjbfha.
anvjr tjbfha. Quhzás bhbouba nj jstas sjña`js
js sulhfhjbtjdjbtj f`ara m pmnjrmsa fmdm para prmpmrfhmbardj uba
razöb pmshthva y njlhb
njlhbhna
hna para cafjr `m quj shjbtm
shjbtm njsjms nj cafjr.
Wrmiai`jdjbtj,
Wrmiai`j djbtj, sj trata nnjj `m quj ``adab j`
j` "sjbthnm nj` prmbösthfm" quj
j` vhjem
mtrms Eadjs
abtjs quj Y.
è`. Kjjbj njsarrm``ö
Fmblhjsm jbmrdjdjbtj,
quj, ojbjra`djbtj, y tadihèb a`oubms
`a anvjrtjbfha bm sm`m

18?

183
183 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs
rjsu`ta sjr sjoura,
sjoura, shbm anjdás
anjdás jxafta
jxafta y prjfhsa jb
jb j` thjdpm. Wjrm jb jstj
fasm bm cuim prjsjbthdhjbtm. J` oatm bjorm bm tuvm bana quj vjr. @a
chstmrha quj dh adhom fujbta a tmnm j` dubnm nj quj ym dj `jvabtè
aquj``a dañaba da`cudmranm, supmbom quj sj pujnj jxp`hfar, sh js quj
nj. vjrnan dj `jvabtè da`cudmranm, pmr j` cjfcm nj quj jstaia njfjp
fhmbanm. Vaiäa quj bm jstaia `morabnm fmbvjbfjr a `ms fmborjshstas fmb
`ms quj caiäa cai`anm, y j` fmdhtè bm vjäa j` prmi`jda nj `ms hdpujstms
jb _a`` Vtrjjt njsnj j` dhsdm pubtm nj vhsta quj ym. Bm jstaia
hbtjbtabnm prmrrmoar bh jvanhr hdpujstms smirj `as trabsaffhmbjs nj
va`mrjs, `m quj hbtjbtaia cafjr jra suojrhr uba tasa quj ym, fmdm
mpjranmr jxpjrhdjbtanm, frjäa eusta j hbtj`hojbtj. Bm qujräa quj j` thm
Vad datara `a oa``hba nj `ms cujvms nj mrm, quj tabtms cujvms pmnäa
hbfuiar sh sjhrrhtö,
bm sö`m dj `j naia
shbmj`quj
tratmanjdás
anjfuanm. Wmshi`jdjbtj,
dj chzm dh la`ta nj
sjbthrdj pjshdhsta èxhtm
abtj ub
luturm jb `ms bjomfhms fmb ubas tasas hbeustas. Wjrm carè uba rj`afhöb
jxafta nj `m quj sufjnhö.
A` fmdhjbzm nj` djrfanm a` a`za, dj oustö j` aspjftm nj `ms
djrfanms nj` afjrm y nj` fmirj y sjbtä njsjms nj pmbjrdj a` a`za fmb
adims. Asä quj jdpjfè a afudu`ar a`oubas affhmbjs. Fmdjbfè fmd
prabnm :777 affhmbjs nj Ztac Fmppjr y dj njtuvj pmrquj bm tuvhjrmb
uba aftuafhöb njdashanm iujba. M sja, bm sj fmdpmrtarmb fmdm njiäab
caijr`m cjfcm para cafjrdj sjbthr quj caiäa cjfcm ihjb a` fmdprar.
Frjm
Zbhtjnquj j` prjfhm
Vtatjs Vtjj`jstaia
a fash a`rjnjnmr
j` dhsdm nj 11>. ^adihèb
prjfhm. jdpjfèaffhmbjs
Fmdprè 97.777 a fmdprar
j`
prhdjr näa pmrquj tuvhjrmb uba iujba
iujba aftuafhöb. Vjouä j` dètmnm quj cj
njsfrhtm abtjrhmrdjbtj.
J` afjrm shouhö tjbhjbnm uba iujba aftuafhöb y ym, pmr `m tabtm,
sjouä afudu`abnm casta ``joar a `as ?9.777 affhmbjs. Wjrm dhs pmsjshm
bjs nj Ztac Fmppjr sjouäab shjbnm `as nj dh fmdpra hbhfha`. Bubfa
smirjpasè `as :.777 affhmbjs. Vu fmdpmrtadhjbtm bm dj abhdö duf cm
a sjouhr.
^mnm j` dubnm saiäa `m quj caiäa pasanm. ^jbäadms ub orab
dmvhdhjbtm a`fhsta.jrab
nhfhmbjs ojbjra`js Xm saiäa quj j` Hbf`usm
lavmrai`js. djrfanmnjspuès
jstaia suihjbnm.
nj quj `ms@as fmb
va`mrjs
suihjrab jxtjbsadjbtj, y nj quj dhs ijbjlhfhms jb pap
papj`
j` bm lujr
lujrab
ab bana
njsprjfhai`js, `a fhbta sjouäa prmf`adabnm. ¡^mnaväa bm!¡^mnaväa bm!.
Fuabnm ``jouè a _aschbotmb `a fhbta tmnaväa dj jstaia nhfhjbnm jsm. Wmr

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 188

supujstm, bm tjbäa `a hbtjbfhöb nj hbfrjdjbtar dh `äbja jb jsj õ`thdm näa,
aubquj ym tmnaväa jstaia a` a`za. A` dhsdm thjdpm, jstaia f`arm quj j`
djrfanm sj jstaia dmvhjbnm jb dh nhrjffhöb y bm tjbäa mfashöb nj
sjbtardj tmnm j` näa jb lrjbtj nj` tai`öb nj fmthzafhmbjs, jspjrabnm uba
rjpjbthba anvjrtjbfha nj quj sa`hjra. Abtjs nj quj sj nhjra j` tmquj nj
rjtrjta,, a djbms
rjtrjta djbms quj sj prmnuejra uba fatá
fatástrmlj
strmlj hbjspjrana, j` djrfanm
sj dmstraräa hbnjfhs
hbnjfhsm,
m, m sh bm, dj prjpararä
prjpararäaa para ub ohrm jb `a shtuafhöb
jspjfu`athva. Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj ``jvè a faim `ms bjomfhms fmb j`
fmborjshsta.
A` dhsdm thjdpm, `ms prjfhms sjouäab suihjbnm, y jstm shobhlhfaia
quj j` lhba` nj` djrfanm a` a`za jstaia pröxhdm. Bm jspjraia quj j` lhba`
sj prmnuejra jb ub näa jspjfälhfm. Njtjrdhbar jstm jra a`om quj jstaia
duy pmr jbfhda nj dhs pmnjrjs. Wjrm bm cafj la`ta quj nhoa, quj jstaia
jb jspjra nj uba sjña` quj dj hbnhfara quj jra j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm
para sa`hr. Nj ub dmnm u mtrm shjdprj jstmy a `a jspjra. Vj ca fmbvjrthnm
jb uba jspjfhj nj fmstudirj.
Bm `m pujnm eurar, pjrm smspjfcm quj j` näa abtjs a` quj ym
vjbnhjra, `a vhshöb nj `ms prjfhms a`tms dj chzm pjbsar jb `a daobhtun nj
dhs ijbjlhfhms jb papj` y jb `a `äbja quj ``jvaia, y dás tarnj jb dhs
vabms jslujrzms para hbnufhr a bujstrms `johs`anmrjs a ``jvar a faim ubas
bjomfhafhmbjs eustas j hbtj`hojbtjs fmb _a`` Vtrjjt. Wrmiai`jdjbtj, èsj
lu
lujj j` dmnm y j` dmdjbtm jb j` quj sj sjdirö `a sjdh``a
sjdh``a.. @a djbtj suis-
fmbsfhjbtj traiaeö nurabtj tmna `a bmfcj. A `a dañaba shouhjbtj pjbsè
jb j` djrfanm y dj prjoubtè födm sj pmrtaräa jsj näa. Fuabnm luh a `a
mlhfhba vh quj `ms prjfhms jrab tmnaväa dás a`tms, quj ym tjbäa ubms
 ijbjlhfhms duy sathslaftmrhms y quj, anjdás, sj trataia nj ub orab
djrfanm fmb ub jbmrdj pmnjr nj aismrfhöb. Jb aquj` djrfanm pmnäa
vjbnjr tabtas affhmbjs fmdm njsjara; y, pmr supujstm, fuabnm ub cmdir
cmdirjj
``jva tmna uba `äbja nj affhmbjs, njij jstar a`jrta abtj `a mpmrtubhnan nj
fadihar sus ijbjlhfhms jb papj` pmr ijbjlhfhms jb djtá`hfm. Njij
hbtjbtar pjrnjr `m djbms pmshi`j jb j` fadihm. @a jxpjrhjbfha dj ca
jbsjñanm quj shjdprj sj pujnj jbfmbtrar uba mpmrtubhnan para cafjr
quj `ms ijbjlhfhms sjab rja`js y quj jsta mpmrtubhnan aparjfj, ojbjra`
djbtj, a` lhba` nj` dmvhdhjbtm. X jstm bm hdp`hfa bh `jftura nj `a fhbta
bh prjsjbthdhjbtms.
Wmr supujstm, fuabnm jsa dañaba dj jbfmbtrè fmb ub djrfanm jb
j` quj pmnäa vjbnjr tmnas dhs affhmbjs shb bhbouba nhlhfu`tan, `m chfj.

977 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Fuabnm sj jstá vjbnhjbnm tmnm, bm js das saihm bh dás va`hjbtj vjbnjr
fhbfujbta affhmbjs quj vjbnjr fhbfujbta dh`; pjrm `as fhbfujbta affhm
bjs sj pujnjb vjbnjr jb ub djrfanm l`mem shb rmdpjr j` prjfhm y
fhbfujbta dh` affhmbjs, nj ub sm`m va`mr, bjfjshtab uba prmpmshfhöb
nhljrjbtj. ^jbäa sjtjbta y nms dh` affhmbjs nj Z.V. Vtjj`. Wujnj bm sjr
uba `äbja jbmrdj, pjrm bm shjdprj pujnjs vjbnjr tabtm shb pjrnjr uba
partj nj `ms ijbjlhfhms jb papj` quj tab iujb aspjftm thjbjb fuabnm sj
fa`fu`ab, y fuya pèrnhna nuj
nuj`j
`j tabtm fm
fmdm
dm fuabnm sj phjrnj ub nhbjrm
quj sj thjbj sjourm jb j` iabfm.
^jbäa ub ijbjlhfhm tmta` nj a`rjnjnmr nj 1.:77.777 nö`arjs y `m
dabtuvj. Wjrm bm js `a prhbfhpa` razöb para pjbsar quj chfj ihjb jb
vjbnjr jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj `m chfj. J` djrfanm dj njdmströ sjr uba
lujbtj
nms dh`njaffhmbjs
sathslaffhmbjs.
nj Z. V.Luj asä5a Wunj
Vtjj` vjbnjr
ub prjfhm tmna quj
djnhm `a `äbja nj asjtjbta
jstaia sm`m uby
pubtm nj` dáxhdm nj` näa y nj` dmvhdhjbtm. Njdmströ quj dhs fá`fu`ms
caiäab shnm fmrrjftms, casta jb fujsthöb nj dhbutms. Wjrm fuabnm jb jsa
dhsda cmra nj jsj dhsdm näa njfhnä vjbnjr dhs affhmbjs nj Ztac
Fmppjr, j` prjfhm sj rmdphö jb fhbfm pubtms. Yjfujrnj quj fmdjbfè a
fmdprar affhmbjs a` dhsdm thjdpm y quj aftuè saihadjbtj a` hbfrjdjb
tar dh `äbja nj Z.V.Vtjj` njsnj vjhbtj dh` affhmbjs casta sjtjbta y nms
dh`, tadpmfm luj da`a hnja bm hbfrjdjbtar dh `äbja nj Ztac a parthr nj
`as :.777 affhmbjs mrhohba`js. @a razöb pmr `a quj bm vjbnä dhs affhmbjs
nj Ztac Fmppjr abtjs, jra j` cjfcm nj quj ym jstaia a` a`za jb `a
mpjrafhöbb nj` fmirj,
mpjrafhö fmir j, j` djrfanm jra a`fhsta para `ms va`mrjs y, aanjdás
njdás,, bm
pjbsè quj `as affhmbjs nj Ztac dj pjreunhfaräab dufcm, aubquj bm fmb
shouhjra mitjbjr orabnjs ijbjlhfhms. Wjrm jb `m rjljrjbtj a prjsjbthdhjb
tms, bm tjbäa bhboubm.
@a lmrdafhöb nj ub mpjranmr nj va`mrjs sj pujnj fmdparar a `a
jnufafhöb dènhfa. J` läshfm thjbj quj pasar `aroms añms aprjbnhjbnm
abatmdäa, lhshm`moäa, datjrhas dènhfas y nmfjbas
nmfjbas nj ashobaturas fm`atj
fm`at j
ra`js. Aprjbnj `a tjmräa y njspuès njnhfa tmna su vhna a `a práfthfa.
Misjrva y f`ashlhfa tmnm thpm nj ljbödjbms patm`öohfms. Aprjbnj a
nhaobmsthfar. Vh j` nhaobösthfm js fmrrjftm,
fmrrjft m, y jsm njpjbnj nj `a prjfhshöb
nj su misjrvafhöb, j` prmbösthfm sjrá iujbm, shb jdiarom,
jdiarom , rjfujrnj
shjdprj quj `a la`hih`hnan cudaba y `m hdprjvhstm, jvhtarab quj afhjrtj
jb ub 177%. X, jbtmbfjs, a djnhna quj oaba jxpjrhjbfha, aprjbnj, bm
sö`m a cafjr `m dás anjfuanm, shbm a cafjr`m hbstabtábjadjbtj, nj

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmb

affhmbjs
js 971
dabjra quj `a ojbtj phjbsa quj js a`om hbsthbthvm. Jb rja`hnan bm js
autmdathsdm. Js, shdp`jdjbtj, quj ca nhaobmsthfanm j` fasm sjoõb `as
misjrvafhmbjs nj fasms sjdjeabtjs nurabtj dufcms añms; y batura`djb
tj, njspuès nj nhaobmsthfar`m, sö`m pujnj tratar`m, sö`m `m tratará sjoõb `m
quj `j ca jbsjñanm `a jxpjrhjbfha. Wujnjs trabsdhthr `ms fmbmfhdhjbtms,
m sja, tu fm`jffhöb parthfu`ar nj cjfcms f`as
f`ashlhfanms,
hlhfanms, pjrm bm tu jxpjrhjbf
jxpjrhjbfha.
ha.
Zba pjrsmba pujnj saijr `m quj cay quj cafjr y, a pjsar nj j``m, pjrnjr
nhbjrm, sh bm `m cafj fmb sulhfhjbtj raphnjz.
Misjrvafhöb, jxpjrhjbfha, djdmrha y datjdáthfas, nj jstm js nj
`m quj njij njpjbnjr j` mpjranmr quj iusquj j` èxhtm. Bm sö`m njij
misjrvar fmb prjfhshöb, tadihèb njij rjfmrnar `m quj ca misjrvanm. Bm
pujnj apmstar pmr `m hrrafhmba` m `m hbjspjranm, aubquj sus fmbvhffhmbjs
pjrsmba`js smirj `a hrrafhmba`hnan cudaba sjab duy lujrtjs, m aubquj
jstè duy sjourm nj quj `m hbjspjranm sufjnj fmb dufca lrjfujbfha.
Vhjdprj njij apmstar pmr `as prmiaih`hnanjs, m sja, njij tratar nj
abthfhparsj
abthfh parsj a j``as. @ms añms nj práfthfa jb j` euj
eujom,
om, nj jstunhm fmbst
fmbstabtj,
abtj,
nj rjfmrnar, fapafhtab a` mpjranmr para aftuar jb j` hbstabtj jb quj sj
prmnufj `m hbjspjranm m `m quj ya jra nj jspjrar.
Zb cmdirj pujnj tjbjr
tj bjr uuba
ba orab caih`hnan da
datjdáthf
tjdáthfaa y ub jbmrdj
pmnjr nj jxafthtun jb `as misjrvafhmbjs
misjrvaf hmbjs,, y a pjsar nnjj j``m bm tjbjr èxhtm jb
`a jspjfu`afhöb, a djbms quj pmsja tadihèb jxpjrhjbfha y djdmrha. X
njspuès, a` houa` quj j` läshfm quj sj dabthjbj a` fmrrhjbtj nj `ms
anj`abtms nj `a fhjbfha, j` mpjranmr hbtj`hojbtj, bubfa njea nj jstunhar
`as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js, y sjouhr nj fjrfa tmnm thpm nj njsarrm``m quj
pujna aljftar m hbl`ujbfhar j` fursm nj `ms nhvjrsms djrfanms. ^ras añms
 jb j` eujom, j` cjfcm nj dabtjbjrsj hblmrdanm, sj fmbvhjrtj jb ub cáihtm.
Vj aftõa fash nj dmnm autmdáthfm. Cafj la`ta uba va`hmsa afthtun
prmljshmba` y jstm `j fapafhta para oabar jb j` eujom, ¡a vjfjs!. Bm sj
pujnj cafjr njdashanm èblashs jb `a nhljrjbfha jbtrj j` mpjranmr prmlj
shmba` y j` alhfhmbanm. Vè, pmr jejdp`m, quj `a djdmrha y `as datjdáth
fas dj smb nj orab ayuna. _a`` Vtrjjt prmnufj su nhbjrm smirj uba iasj
datjdáthfa. Quhjrm njfhr, prmnufj su nhbjrm tratabnm fmb cjfcms y
fhlras.
Fuabnm nhom quj ub mpjranmr thjbj quj jstar a` fmrrhjbtj y quj
njij tmdar uba afthtun puradjbtj prmljshmba` cafha tmnms `ms djrfanms
y su njsarrm``m, `m quj quhjrm njfhr, nj bujvm, js quj `ms prjsjbthdhjbtms
y `ms dhstjrhmsms "sjbthnms nj` prmbösthfm" bm thjbjb dufcm quj vjr fmb

979 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

j` èxhtm. Wmr supujstm, sufjnj, duy a djbunm, quj ub mpjranmr jxpjrh
djbtanm
abtjdabm,aftõa
pjrmtab
taba ráphnadjbtj,
pjsar nj jsm,quj bm thjbj
jxhstjb thjdpm
razmbjs para nar
iujbas razmbjs nj
y sulhfhjbtjs,
pmrquj jstáb iasanas jb cjfcms rjfmohnms pmr è`, nurabtj sus añms nj
traiaem, rjl`jxhöb
rjl`jxhöb y misjrvafhöb njsnj j` pubtm nj vhsta nj` prmljshmba`,
quj pujnj safar aoua nj uba phjnra. \my a jxp`hfar `m quj quhjrm njfhr
fmb afthtun prmljshmba`.
Dj dabtjbom a` fmrrhjbtj nj `ms djrfanms nj djrfabfäas, shjd
prj. Js ub cáihtm anquhrhnm fmb `ms añms. Fmdm saij, `ms hblmrdjs nj`
omihjrbm hbnhfaiab uba fmsjfca nj trhom, nurabtj j` hbvhjrbm, shdh`ar a
`a nj`
nj` añm abtjrhmr
abtjrhmr y uba fmsjfca nj trhom, nurabtj `a prhdavjra, supjrhmr
a `a nj` añm 1891. @as fmbnhfhmbjs jrab dufcm dás lavmrai`js, y prmia
i`jdjbtj `a fmsjfca sjräa dás tjdpraba nj `m bmrda`. bmrd a`. Fuabnm mituvj `ms
fá`fu`ms nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs misjrvè `m quj sj pmnäa jspjrar jb fuabtm a
`a prmnuffhöb, y pjbsè tadihèb jb `a cuj`oa nj dhbjrms y jb `a cuj`oa
nj ljrrmfarrh`. Bm punj jvhtar pjbsar jb j``m, pmrquj dh djbtj shjdprj
phjbsa jb fua`quhjr thpm nj sufjsm quj pujna tjbjr a`ouba hbl`ujbfha jb
j` djrfanm.
Yáphnadjbtj, fmdprjbnä quj `a cuj`oa quj caiäa aljftanm ya j`
dmvhdhjbtm nj trabspmrtj jb tmnas partjs,partjs , aljftaräa
aljftaräa a `ms prjfhms nj` trhom
nj dmnm anvjrsm. Wjbsè `m shouhjbtj5 Jra duy duy prmiai`j quj jxhsthjra ub
rjtrasm jb j` tras`anm nj` trhom nj` hbvhjrbm cafha j` djrfanm, a fausa nj
`as nhlhfu`tanjs jb j` trabspmrtj, y para fuabnm jstms djemrarab, j` trhom
nj prhdavjra jstaräa ya `hstm
`hst m para j` tras
tras`anm.
`anm. Jsm qujräa njfhr quj fuabnm
`ms ljrrmfarrh`js lujrab fapafjs nj trabspmrtar j` trhom jb fabthnanjs su
lhfhjbtjs, trabspmrtaräab adims thpms nj trhom a `a vjz, y jsm shobhlhfaia
quj cairäa uba jbmrdj fabthnan nj trhom jbtrabnm jb j` djrfanm nj ub
sm`m om`pj.
^jbhjbnm jstm jb fujbta, `as prmiaih`hnanjs jvhnjbtjs,
jvhnjbtj s, `ms mpjra
nmrjs, quj pjbsarab y ``joarab a `as dhsdas fmbf`ushmbjs quj ym, bm sj
pmshfhmbaräab a` a`za fmb j` trhom nurabtj iastabtj thjdpm. Bm `m
fmdpraräab, a djbms quj j` prjfhm njsfjbnhjra
njsfjbnhjra casta
casta a`fabzar
a`fabzar ubas
fhlras
fhlras quj
pmnjr chfhjrabjb
nj fmdpra njj``a djrfanm,
fmdpra njj`trhom ubatjbnräa
prjfhm iujba hbvjrshöb.
hbvjrshö b. Vh
quj iaear. Jsabmjra
caiäa
dh
lmrdaa nj pjbsar, y njiäa avjrhouar sh jstaia jb `m fhj
lmrd fhjrtm
rtm m bm. ^a` y fmdm
j` vhjem Wat Cjarbj sm`äa njfhr, "bm sj saij casta quj bm sj apujsta. "Jbtrj
jstar a `a iaea y vjbnjr bm caiäa bjfjshnan nj pjrnjr j` thjdpm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 976

@a jxpjrhjbfha dj ca jbsjñanm quj j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj ub
djrfanm js uba ouäa jxfj`jbtj para ub mpjranmr. Js fmdm tmdar`j `a lhjirj
m j` pu`sm a ub pafhjbtj u misjrvar j` fm`mr nj `ms mems m `a `jboua.
Bmrda`djbtj, uba pjrsmba njijräa sjr fapaz nj fmdprar m vjbnjr
ub dh``öb nj iuscj`s
iuscj` s nj trhom, njbtrm
n jbtrm nj uba ooada
ada nj 11//> nj fjbtav
fjbtavm.
m. Jsj näa,
fuabnm vjbnä `ms 9:7.777 iiuscj`s
uscj`s para pmbjr a prujia
prujia j` djrfanm jb fuabtm
a` thjdpm, j` prjfhm njsfjbnhö jb 1/> nj fjbtavm. Njspuès, fmdm `a
rjaffhöb bm dj caiäa nhfcm nj lmrda njlhbhthva tmnm `m quj njsjaia
saijr, vjbnä mtrm fuartm nj dh``öb nj iuscj`s. Misjrvè quj jstaia
jbtrabnm
jbtrab nm jb j` djrfa
djrfanmnm pmr anardjs; m sja; `a fmdpr
fmdpraa sj jstaia cafhjbnm
cafhjbn m
jb orupms nj 17.777 m 1:.777 iuscj`s, jb vjz nj nms m trjs trjs trabsaff
trabsaffhmbj
hmbjs,
s,
quj cuihjra shnm `m dás bmrda`. Anjdás nj jsta fmdpra tab cmdjmpá

thfa,
cafhaj`la`ta
prjfhmqujnjs
njsfjbnhö
fjbnhö casta
pjrnhjra 1 1/> sjña`abnm
j` thjdpm fjbtavms fmbfmdmdh caiäa
vjbta.tmdanm
Acmra
Ac mra bm
j`
djrfanm dh trhom y j` njsprmpmrfhmbanm njsfjbsm quj prmnuem dh vjbta
dj nhem quj bm caiäa pmnjr nj fmdpra. Jstabnm asä `as fmsas ½què jra `m
õbhfm quj pmnäa cafjr= Vjouhr vjbnhjbnm dufcas. J` dètmnm nj sjouhr
`ms nhftanms nj `a jxpjrhjbfha, pujnj quj la``j nj vjz jb fuabnm. Wjrm j`
bm sjouhr`ms bubfa, tj fmbvhjrtj jb ub tmbtm. Asä quj vjbnä 9.777.777 nj
iuscj`s
iusc j`s y j` prjfhm iae
iaeöö a`om dás. Zbm
Zbmss näas dá
dáss tarnj, j` fmdpmr
fmdpmrtadh
tadhjb
jb
tm nj` djrfanm,
djrfanm , práft
práfthfad
hfadjbtj,
jbtj, dj mi`ho
mi`hoöö a vjbnjr mtrms 9.777.7
9.777.777
77 nj
iuscj`s y j` prjfhm njsfjbnhö tmnaväa dás; ubms näas dás tarnj, j` trhom
fmdjbzö
fmdj bzö a rmdpjr y njsfjb
njsfjbnhönhö jb < fjbtav
fjbtavms
ms pmr iuscj`. X bm sj njtuvm
acä. Vhouhö njsfjbnhjbnm, fmb rjfupjrafhmbjs fmrtas.
 Bm jstaia njeábnmdj ``jvar pmr ub prjsjbthdhjbtm. Banhj dj nhm
ub prmbösthfm. Luj dh afthtun djbta` caihtua` m prmljshmba` cafha j` djr
fanm nj djrfab
djrfabfäas
fäas `a quj dj prmpm
prmpmrfhmbö
rfhmbö `ms ijbjlhfh
ijbjlhfhms,
ms, y jsa afthtun
luj
luj j` rjsu`tan
rjsu`tanmm nj `ms dufc
dufcmsms añms nj jx
jxpjrhjb
pjrhjbfha
fha jb j` bjomfhm.
bjomf hm. Jstunhm
pmrquj dh bjomfhm fmbshstj jb mpjrar. Jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj `a `äbja dj
nhem quj jstaia jb iujb fadhbm, dh njijr prmljshmba` jra hbfrjdjbtar `a
`äbja. Jsm js tmnm `m quj sufjnhö.
Cj njsfuihjrtm quj `a jxpjrhjbfha
jxpjrhjb fha paoa duy iujbms nhvhnjbnms
nhvhn jbnms jb
jstj eujom,
euj om, y quj `a misjrvafhöb tj prmpmrfhmba j` djemr nj `m `mss prmbösthfms.
prmböst hfms.
A`oubas vjfjs,
vjfj s, tmnm `m quj sj bjfjshta js fmbmfjr j` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj ub
njtj
njtjrdhb
rdhbanm
fharsj nj anm va`mr. @mvarhabtjs
`as nhvjrsas misjrv
misjrvas.
as.nj@a
`m jxpjrhjb
jxpjrhjbfha
bmrda`, mfhasja,dujstra födm
nj `m dás ijbjlh
prmiai`j.
Wmr jejdp`m, saijdms quj tmnms `ms va`mrjs bm sj dujvjb eubtms jb uba

97>>
97 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nhrjffhöb, shbm quj tmnms `ms va`mrjs nj ub orupm suihráb jb ub djrfanm

a` a`za y njsfjbnjráb jb ub djrfanm a `a iaea.Jstj js ub thpm nj
jspjfu`afhöb nj `m dás bmrda`. Js j` dás fmdõb nj tmnms `ms prmbösth
fms, `as fasas nj fmdhshöb smb duy fmbsfhjbtjs nj j``m, y sj `m trabsdhtjb
a tmnms `ms f`hjbtjs quj bm cab pjbsanm jb j``m; Quhjrm njfhr, afmbsjeab
mpjrar fmb aquj``ms va`mrjs quj sj cab qujnanm njtras nj `ms njdás
va`mrjs nj` dhsd
dhsdmm orupm. Vh Z.
Z.V.
V. Vtjj` suij, sj supmbj, `öohf
`öohfadjb
adjbtj,
tj, quj
sö`m js fujsthöb nj thjdpm, y quj Frufhi`j m Yjpui`hf m Ijtc`jcjd `j
sjouhráb jb `a suihna. @as fmbnhfhmbjs nj `a mpjrafhöb y `as pjrspjfthvas
njijräab lubfhmbar nj` dhsdm dmnm jb tmnms `ms va`mrjs nj ub dhsdm
orupm, y tmnms njijräab nhslrutar nj `a dhsda prmspjrhnan. Vjoõb `a
tjmräa, fmrrmimrana
fm rrmimrana pmr uba orab jxpjrhjbfha, nj quj fana pjrrrm thjbj su
näa jb j` djrfanm, j` põi`hfm fmdprará A.I. Vtjj`, pmrquj bm ca
avabzanm, dhjbtras F.N. Vtjj` y S.X.Vtjj` cab suihnm.
Xm bubfa fmdprm ub va`mr, bh shquhjra jb ub djrfanm a` a`za, sh
bm aftõa fmdm njihjra jb jsj thpm nj djrfanm. A`oubas vjfjs cj
fmdpranm ub va`mr nurabtj ub djrfanm a` a`za lujra nj tmna nuna, cj
njsfuihjrtm quj mtrms va`mrjs nj` dhsdm orupm bm jstaiab aftuabnm nj`
dhsdm dmnm y cj vjbnhnm dh va`mr. ½Wmr què= @a jxpjrhjbfha dj nhfj
quj bm js duy afjrtanm hr jb fmbtra nj `m quj sj pujnj ``adar, `a
tjbnjbfha nj orupm dabhlhjsta. Bm pujnm euoar sö`m fmb `a fjrtjza. Njim
tjbjr jb fujbta `as prmiaih`hnanjs, y abthfhpardj a j``as. Zb vhjem
fmrrjnmr dj nhem uba vjz5 "Vh jstmy fadhbabnm pmr `ms rah`js nj uba väa
ljrrmvharha y vjm quj vhjbj ub trjb jb dh nhrjffhöb a sjtjbta dh``as pmr
cmra, què caom ½shom fadhbabnm pmr `a väa= bm adhom dhö, dj apartm. X
bm dj nmy uba pa`d
pa`danht
anhtaa jb `a jspa`
jspa`na
na pmr sjr tab saihm y pru prunjb
njbtj.
tj.
J` añm pasanm, njspuès nj quj j` dmvhdhjbtm ojbjra` a` a`za
jstuvhjra nj fadh
fadhbm,
bm, misjrvè quj ubm nj `ms va`mrjs nj ub orupm njtjrdh
banm bm hia fmb j` rjstm nj
nj`` oru
orupm,
pm, aaubqu
ubqujj j` rjstm nj` orup
orupmm sj dmv
dmväa
äa fmb
tmnm j` rjstm nj` djrfanm. Jstaia a `arom, fmb uba fabthnan fmbshnjrai`j
nj I`afkwmmns Dmtmrs. ^mnm j` dubnm saiäa quj `a fmdpañäa jstaia jb
duy iujba shtuafhöb. J` prjfhm asfjbnha nj ubm a trjs pubtms fana näa y
j` põi`hfm jbtraia fana vjz dás. Batura`djbtj, jstm fjbtrö `a atjbfhöb
jb j`
j` orupm j chzm quj `ms nhvjrsm
nhvjrsmss va`mrjs nj dmtmrjs jd
jdpjzarab
pjzarab a suihr.
Vhb jdia
jdiarom,
rom, ubm nj j``ms sjouäa qujnábnmsj aatrás,
trás, sj trataia nj Fcjstjr.
Vj qujnaia njtrás nj `ms mtrms y, a` pmfm thjdpm, `a ojbtj fmdjbzö a
cai`ar. J` iaem prjfhm y `a apatäa nj Fcjstjr fmbtrastaia fmb `a lujrza y

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 97:

`a afthvhnan nj I`afkwmmn y nj `ms njdás va`mrjs nj dmtmrjs, `a ojbtj
fmdjbzö a prjstar atjbfhöb a `ms fmdjbtarhms, a `ms prmbmsthfanmrjs y
fmdjbzö a fmdprar Fcjstjr fmb fmb `a tjmräa nj qu qujj hia a jdpjzar a suihr
fmb j` rjstm nj` orupm.
A pjsar nj `a fmdpra dmnjrana pmr partj nj` nj` põi`hfm, Fcjstjr jb vjz
nj suihr, njsfjbnhö. Bm cairha sjrvhnm nj bana fmdprar`m jb jsj djrfanm
iaehsta, tjbhjbnm jb fujbta quj I`afkwmmn, ub va`mr nj` dhsdm orupm,
jra ubm nj `ms orabnjs `änjrjs nj` avabfj ojbjra` y sö`m sj mäa cai`ar nj
`a hbfrjäi`j djemra jb `a njdabna nj tmnm thpm nj autmdövh`js y nj`
rjfmrn nj prmnuffhöb.
Wmr `m tabtm, jra mivhm quj j` orupm hbtjrhmr nj Fcjstjr bm jstaia
cafhjbnm bhbouba nj `as fmsas quj sj cafjb hbvarhai`jdjbtj jb ub
djrfanm a` a`za. Wara jstm pmnäab jxhsthr nms razmbjs. Quhzas `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr bm `m caiäab anquhrhnm pmrquj njsjaiab afudu`ar dás affhmbjs
abtjs nj quj suihjra j` prjfhm.
prjfhm . Wjrm jsta tjmräa sj faj pmr su prmphm pjsm,
sh sj aba`hza j` vm`udjb y j` faráftjr nj `a mpjrafhöb nj Fcjstjr. @a mtra
razöb js quj tjbäab dhjnm nj mitjbjr j` va`mr sh `m hbtjbtaiab.
Vh quhjb njijräa qujrjr ub va`mr bm `m quhjrj, ½pmr què hia a qujrjr`m
ym= Wjbsè quj bm hdpmrtaia `a prmspjrhnan quj pmnäab tjbjr mtras fmdpa
ñäas autmdmvh`ästhfas, jra miv
mivhmhm quj caiäa quj vjbnj
vjbnjrr Fcjstjr a fmrtm. @a
jxpjrhjbfha dj ca jbsjñanm a tjbjr fuhnanm fmb `a fmdpra nj ub va`mr quj
sj bhjoa a sjouhr a` `änjr nj` orupm.
Wrmbtm fmdprjbnä quj bm sm`m bm caiäa fmdpra hbtjrhmr, sh bm quj
 caiäa vjbta
fmdpra hbtjrhmr.aubquj
nj Fcjstjr, Caiäatmnm
mtras`m sjña`js shbtmdáthfas
quj ym bjfjshtaia jra jb fmbtra njjbtj
su hbfmbshst `a
hbfmbshstjbtj
fmdpmrtadhjbtm jb j` djrfanm.
Nj bujvm luj `a fhbta `a quj dj afmbsjeö `a sa`hna y `a razöb pmr
`a quj vjbnä Fcjstjr a fmrtm. Zb näa, bm dufcm thjdpm njspuès, j` va`mr
sj rmdphö nj` tmnm. Das tarnj, suphdms, nj dmnm mlhfha`, quj `ms nj
njbtrm caiäab jstanm vjbnhèbnm`m, saihjbnm pjrljftadjbtj, quj `a
shtuafhöb nj `a fmdpañäa bm jra iujba. @a razöb, fmdm shjdprj, sj supm
tras `a ruptura. Wjrm j` avhsm ``joö abtjs nj `a ruptura. Xm bm iusfm `as
rupturas. Iusfm `as anvjrtjbfhas. Bm saiäa fua` jra j` prmi`jda ffmb mb
Fcjstjr; tadpmfm tjbäa ub prjsjbthdhjbtm. @m õbhfm quj saiäa js quj
a`om hia da`.
J` mtrm näa, sufjnhö `m quj `ms pjrhönhfms njbmdhbarmb "ub sjbsa
fhmba` dmvhdhjbtm jb Ouhaba Om`n. ^ras vjbnjr jb j` `ädhtj a :7, quj sj

97< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fmthzö jb `a im`sa nj va`mrjs. Fmdjbzö a`rjnjnmr nj 6:, jdpjzö a
njsfjbnjr y lhba`djbtj sj rmdphö jb 97.
Xm bubfa cairäa nhfcm quj jsa ruptura lujra sjbsafhmba`, pmrquj
jra a`om nj jspjrar. Vh `m cuihjras prjoubtanm, cairäas fmbmfhnm `a
chstmrhaa nj `a fmdpañäa. Banhj `a sa
chstmrh saiäa.
iäa. A dä dj `a fmbtarmb nj` shouhjbtj
dmnm5 Vj lmrdö ub shbnhfatm fmdpujstm pmr djnha nmfjba nj faphta`hs
tas y iabfms duy fmbmfhnms. Zbm nj `ms dhjdirms jra `a faijza nj `a
Ij``j Hs`j Jxp`mrathmb
Jxp`mrat hmb Fmdpaby, quj anj`abtö a Ouhaba dás nj 17.777.777
nj nö`arjs, y quj rjfhihö a fadihm 9:7.777 nj ub tmta` nj ub dh``öb nj
affhmbjs nj `a Ouhaba Om`n Dhbhbo Fmdpaby. J` va`mr sa`hö jb iasj a ub
nhvhnjbnm y sj `j chzm dufca pui`hfhnan. @ms nj Ij``j Hs`j pjbsarmb quj
jra uba iujba hnja fmbvjrthr jsas affhmbjs jb djtá`hfm y sj pushjrmb nj
afujrnm
bjfjsarhasfmb `mshbtrmnufhr
para iabqujrms,
jb yj`jstms ``jvarmb
djrfanm a faim affhmbjs
`as 9:7.777 `as nhspmshfhmbjs
nj Ij``j
Hs`j y `as suyas prmphas. Wjbsarmb njear `a dabhpu`afhöb a ub prmljshmba`
fuya tarhla sjräa nj 1/6 nj `ms ijbjlhfhms nj `a vjbta nj `as 9:7.777
affhmbjs pmr jbfhda nj 6<. Xm frjm quj j` fmbtratm jstaia ya rjnaftanm
y prjparanm para `a lhrda,pjrm jb j` õ`thdm dmdjbtm `ms iabqujrms
njfhnhjrmb cafjrsj farom nj` asubtm j``ms dhsdms y acmrrarsj `a tarhla.
Asä quj mroabhzarmb ub fmbsmrfhm hbtjrbm. @ms iabqujrms jstai`jfhjrmb
`a vjbta
vjbta nj `as 9:7.777 affhmbj
affhmbjss nj Ij``j Hs`j jb 6<. @m pushjrmb jb > 1 .
Msja, `ms nj` hbtjrhmr, paoarmb a sus prmphms fm`joas iabfarhms : pubtms
nj ijbjlhfhm
djbtj paraajdpjzar.
f`arm quj Bm sèjstj
`ms iabqujrms sh j``ms `m saiäab
asubtm `js m bm.njJstá
`js parjfhö pjrljfta
`m dás láfh`.
Bms caihadms anjbtranm jb ub djrfanm a` a`za y `ms va`mrjs nj` orupm,
a` quj pjrtjbjfäa Ouhaba, jstaiab jbtrj `ms `änjrjs nj nj`` djrfan
djrfanm.
m. @a
fmdpañäa mitjbäa orabnjs ijbjlhfhms y paoaiab nhvhnjbnms rjou`arjs.
Jstm, eubtm fmb j` orab faráftjr nj `ms patrmfhbanmrjs, chzm quj j` põi`hfm
fmbtjdp`ara a Ouhaba fmdm ub va`mr nj hbvjrshöb. Dj nhejrmb quj sj
caiäab vjbnhnm ubas >77.777 affhmbjs casta ``joar a >?.
J` orupm nj` mrm jra duy lujrtj. Wjrm Ouhaba fmdjbzö a al`mear.
Njsfjbnhö nhjz pubtms. Jsm jstaia ihjb sh j` fmbsmrfhm tjbäa j` va`mr jb
j` djrfanm.sathslaftmrhas
njdashanm Wjrm duy prmbtm
y qujsj`afmdjbzö
prmphjnana mhr quj `asjbfmsas
bm jstaia bm jrab
fmbsmbabfha
fmb `as a`tas jspjftathvas nj `ms prmdmtmrjs. Wjrm abtjs nj quj `a razöb
sj nhjra a fmbmfjr, ym tuvj ub avhsm y nh `ms pasms bjfjsarhms para pmbjr
a prujia j` djrfanm para Ouhaba. J` va`mr jstaia aftuabnm, jb orab

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 97?

djnhna, nj` dhsdm dmnm quj Fcjstjr Dmtmrs. \jbnä Ouhaba. J` prjfhm
iaeö. \jbnä dás. J` prjfhm iaem tmnaväa dás. J` va`mr jstaia rjphthjbnm
`a aftuafhöb nj Fcjstjr y nj mtrms va`mrjs fuym chstmrha` f`äbhfm rjfujrnm
tmnaväa. @a fhbta dj nhem
nhem f`aradjbtj quj a`om hia da`, a`om quj cafäa quj quj
`ms nj njbtrm bm fmdprarab, `ms nj njbtrm, quj jrab pjrsmba
pjrsmbass quj saiäab
fmb tmna jxafthtun pmr què bm njiäab fmdprar su prmphm va`mr jb ub
djrfanm a`fhsta. Wmr mtrm `anm, `ms nj lujra, quj bm `m saiäab, jstaiab
fmdprabnm acmra, pmrquj njspuès nj caijrsj vjbnhnm a >: m dás, j`
va`mr parjfäa iaratm acmra quj sj vjbnäa a 6: m djbms. ^mnaväa sj
paoaiab nhvhnjbnms. J` va`mr jra uba oaboa.
Jbtmbfjs ``joarmb `as bmthfhas.
bmthfh as. Dj ``joarmb a dä, ta` y fmdm cafj cafjbb
`a daymräa nj `as bmthfhas hdpmrtabtjs, abtjs quj a` põi`hfm. Wjrm `a
fmblhrdafhöb, a travès nj `ms hblmrdjs, nj quj sj trataia nj phjnra jstèrh`
y bm nj dhbjra` purm, `m õbhfm quj chzm luj nardj `a razöb para quj sj
prmnuejra `a vjbta hbtjrba. Xm bm vjbnä fuabnm fmbmfä `as `as bmthfhas.
bmthf has. Caiäa
vjbnhnm dufcm abtjs, a fausa nj` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj` va`mr. Dh hbtjrès
bm jra lh`msölhfm. Vmy mpjranmr y pmr `m tabtm iusfaia uba sjña`; `a
fmdpra hbtjrba. Bm caiäa bhbouba. Bm dj cafäa la`ta saijr pmrquè `ms
nj` hbtjrhmr bm tjbäab a su prmphm va`mr jb sulhfhjbtj jsthda fmdm para
fmdprar`m jb j` njsfjbsm.
njsf jbsm. Jra sulhfhjbtj saijr quj sususs p`abjs bm hbf`uhab
bhboõb thpm nj dabhpu`afhöb para j` asfjbsm. Jsm chzm quj lujra láfh`
vjbnjr j` va`mr a fmrtm. J` põi`hfm caiäa fmdpra
fmdpranm nm fash djnhm dh``öb nj
affhmbjs y j` õbhfm fadihm pmshi`j
pmshi `j quj sj hia a prmnufh
prmnufhr, r, jb rj`afhöb fmb
`ms prmphjtarhms, js quj pasaräab nj pjrtjbjfjr a ub orupm nj hobmrabtjs
 nj` jxtjrhmr quj `ms vjbnäab fmb `a jspjrabza nj njtjbjr `as pèrnhnas
pèrnhnas,,
para pjrtjbjfjr a mtrm orupm nj hobmrabtjs nj` jxtjrhmr quj `ms fmdpra
räab fmb `a jspjrabza nj oabar nhbjrm.
Bm jstmy fmbtabnm jstm para dmra`hzar smirj `as pèrnhnas nj`
põi`hfm pmr `a fmdpra nj Ouhaba, m smirj dhs oababfhas pmr vjbnjr`
vjbnjr`a,
a,
shbm para cafjr èblashs jb `a hdpmrtabfha nj` jstunhm nj` fmdpmrtadhjbtm
fmdpmrtadhj btm
nj ub orupm, y para njdmstrar quj dufcms mpjranmrjs da` jquhpanms,
pasab pmr a`tm jstas `jffhmbjs. X `a fhbta bm sm`m tj na `a anvjrtjbfha jb
j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. ^adihèb jb j` djrfanm nj djrfabfäas tmfa j`
sh`iatm fmb dufca lujrza.
^uvj uba jxpjrhjbfha duy hbtjrjsabtj fmb j` a`omnöb. Jstaia a `a
iaea y pusj uba `äbja a fmrtm iastabtj dmnjrana. A` dhsdm thjdpm vjbnä
a`omnöb a fmrtm; :7.777 affhmbjs. @a mpjrafhöb njdmströ sjr rjbtai`j y

973 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

njsatjbnä j` a`omnöb. @a prhdjra fmsa quj supj js quj caiäa tjbhnm uba
pèrnhna nj 9:7.777 nö`arjs jb dhs :7.777 affhmbjs. Fmdm ya cj nhfcm,
`a mpjrafhöb jra tab hbtjrjsabtj y dj jstaia nabnm tab iujbms rjsu`tanms
quj bm njsjaia apartar dh djbtj nj j``a. Fana vjz quj pjbsaia jb j`
a`omnöb dj njfäa a dä dhsdm5 "Jspjrarè a quj sj prmnuzfa `a rjaffhöb
y dj pmbnrè a fuihjrtm." J` prjfhm rjaffhmba
rjaffhmbaia
ia ub pmfm, pjrm abtjs nj quj
dj njfhnhjra a tmdar `a pèrnhna y pmbjrdj a fuihjrtm, j` prjfhm vm`väa a
rjfupjrarsj nj bujvm,
bujv m, y a suihr dás quj bubfa. Asä quj ym njfhnäa jspjrar
mtra vjz y vm`vjr a dhs mpjrafhmbjs y fjbtrar dh atjbfhöb jb j``as.
Lhba`djbtj, fjrrè tmnms `ms va`mrjs fmb ub fmbshnjrai`j ijbjlhfhm y dj
luh a Cmt Vprhbos nj vafafhmbjs para tmdardj ub njsfabsm duy djrj
fhnm.
Jbtmbfjs luj fuabtm tuvj `a djbtj `hirj para jblrjbtardj a` prm
i`jda nj dhs pèrnhnas jb j` a`omnöb. @a mpjrafhöb caiäa hnm jb dh
fmbtra.
fmbtr a. A`oubas vjfjs
vjfjs,, hbf`usm parjfäa quj ym hia a pmnjr oabar. Misjrvè
quj shdprj quj a`ouhjb cafäa uba vjbta lujrtj, sj prmnufäa uba iujba
rjaffhöb. Wjrm fash nj hbdjnhatm, j` prjfhm sj vm`väa a rjfupjrar y
a`fabzaia ub bujvm dáxhdm.
Lhba`djbtj, fuabnm ``jvaia ya varhms näas jb Cmt Vprhbos, dj nh
fujbta nj quj `as pèrnhnas sjräab nj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs y nj quj bm
caiäa bhbouba hbtjrrupfhöb jb `a suihna. Yjfapafhtè smirj `m quj caiäa,
y `m quj bm caiäa cjfcm y dj nhej a dh dhsdm5"
dhsd m5" ¡n
¡nji
jimm jstar jquhvmfanm!"
Jb dä, j`Asä
prmfjsm. sjbthr
qujquj
dj jstmy
pusj ajqu
jquhvmfanm
hvmfanm
fuihjrtm y sa`hr
fmb js, práfthfadjbtj,
uba pèrnhna nj a`rjnjnmrubnjsm`m
ub
dh``öb.
A `a dañaba shouhjbtj jstaia euoabn
e uoabnmm a` om`l y bm pjbsaia jb bana
dás.Caiäa
dás.Ca iäa cjfcm dh euoana jb j` a`omnöb. Dj caiäa jquhvmfanm. Caiäa
paoanm pmr jquhvmfardj y j` rjfhim nj `a laftura jstaia jb dh im`sh``m.
J` djrfanm nj` a`omnöb bm dj prjmfupaia jbtmbfjs dás nj `m quj dj
prjmfupa jb jstms dmdjbtms. Fuabnm vm`väa a` cmtj` para fmdjr, dj
njtuvj jb `a mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej y jfcè ub vhstazm a `as fmthzafhmbjs. \h
quj j` a`omnöb caiäa njsfjbnhnm jb :7 pubtms. Jsm bm jra bana. Misjrvè
tadihèb qujsjdabas,
njsnj cafj bm sj caiäa rjfupjranm,
fuabnm ta` y fmdm
nhsdhbuyö caiäanjvjbhnm
`a prjshöb sufjnhjbnm
jsa njtjrdhbana
vjbta quj `a caiäa cjfcm njsfjbnjr. Jstm hbnhfaia quj `a `äbja nj djbmr
rjshstjbfha jstaia cafha arrhia y quj dj caiäa fmstanm ub dh``öb nj
nö`arjs fjrrar dhs mems abtj jstj cjfcm.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 978

Vhb
Vhb jdiarom, `a razöb quj dj hdpu`sö a pmbj pmbjrdj
rdj a fuihjrtm, fmb
uba orab pèrnhna, njeö nj sjr uba iujba razöb, ya quj bm sj caiäa
prmnufhnm `a vhomrmsa j hbdjnha
hbdjnhatata rjfupjrafhöb quj sj prmnufäa bmrda`
djbtj. Asä quj vjbnä 17.777 affhmbjs y jspjrè. Duy prmbtm j` djrfanm
iaem :7 pubtms. Jspjrè ub pmfm dás. @a rjfupjrafhöb bm sj prmnufäa.
Wara jbtmbfjs dj caiäa jbtranm ya iastabtj cadirj, asä quj jbtrè jb j`
fmdjnmr y pjnä `a fmdhna. Abtjs nj quj j` fadarjrm dj `a shrvhjra, dj
pusj jb phj nj ub sa`tm,
sa`tm , luh
luh a `a mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej, vh quj bm sj caiäa
prmnufhnm `a rjfupjrafhöb, y vjbnä 17.777 affhmbjs dás. Wjrm jstm
tadpmfm luj ub prjsjbthdhjbtm. Luj ub hdpu`sm prmnufhnm pmr `a fmb
vhffhöb nj quj caiäa ``joanm j` dmdjbtm nj vjbnjr a`omnöb, aubquj dh
jrrmr abtjrhmr cuihjra shnm jbmrdj. ^jbha quj safar vjbtaea nj jstj jrrmr.
Jra dh mpmrtubhnan. Wrmiai`jdjbtj, `a djbtj suisfmbsfhjbtj sjouäa jb
lubfhmbadhjbtm, y jstaia safabnm fmbf`ushmbjs. @a njfhshöb nj vjbnjr
jb _aschobtmb luj rjsu`tanm nj dh misjrvafhöb. Dhs añms nj jxpjrhjbfha
fmb `as mpjrafhmbjs dj nhejrmb quj `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha caiäa
fadihanm nj jstar cafha arrhia a jstar cafha aiaem.
aiaem.
Bm `j ouarnm bhboõb rjbfmr a` djrfanm nnj` j` a`omnöb pmr arrjia
tardj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs, y bm dj mnhm a dh dhsdm pmr fmdjtjr ub
jrrmr nj sjdjeabtj fa`hirj, pmrquj tadihèb dj shjbtm mrou``msm nj
pmbjrdj a fuihjrtm jb Lh`anj`lha y fmbtrarrjstar `a pèrnhna. Dh fjrjirm
mpjrathvm sö`m sj prjmfupa nj `ms prmi`jdas mpjrathvms y frjm quj tjbom
razmbjs eusthlhfanas para alhrdar quj punj admrthouar dh prhdjra
pèrnhna pmrquj nhspmbäa nj jxpjrhjbfha y djdmrha.
 S\HHH
@a chstmrha sj rjphtj shjdprj jb _a`` Vtrjjt. ½Yjfujrna uba chstmrha quj
fmbtè jb `a quj fuiräa `ms fmrtms, aquj``a vjz quj Vtrattmb arrhbfmbö j`
daäz= Wujs ihjb, jb mtra mfashöb, uth`hfè práfthfadjbtj `as dhsdas
táfthfas jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs. J` va`mr jra ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo.
^ranhbo. Caiäa
cjfcm nhbjrm pmbhèbnm`m a fmrtm y a `arom. Vhjdprj caiäa shnm ub va`mr
afthvm, y j` prjljrhnm nj `ms mpjranmrjs avjbturjrms. @ms nj njbtrm
caiäab shnm afusanms, uba y mtra vjz, pmr `ms pjrhönhfms, nj jstar dás
prjmfupanms pmr `as l`uftuafhmbjs nj` va`mr quj pmr jsthdu`ar uba
hbvjrshöb pjrdabjbtj. J` mtrm, ubm nj `ms dás cáih`js fmrrjnmrjs quj
 fmbmzfm,
Vuoar alhrdaia
caiäab quj bh Nabhj`
njsarrm``anm Nrjwnjjbmrnjñm
ub dètmnm Jrhj bhnj`
C.M. Cavjdayjr
djrfanm jb
para ub
va`mr, tab pjrljftm fmdm j` quj j` Wrjshnjbtj Du``hoab y sus adhoms
caiäab ``jvanm a faim jb ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo. Jb dufcas mfashmbjs caiäab
jsthdu`anm a `ms iaehst
iaehstas
as para quj vjbnhjrab ^.^. a fmrtm, y njspuès sj
njnhfarmb a jstruear`ms fmb uba jbtjrjza nj `m dás prmljshmba`. J`
sjbthdhjbtmm nj vjboabza bm jra daymr quj j` quj sj pmnäa sjbthr pmr uba
sjbthdhjbt
prjbsa chnráu`hfa.
Wmr supujstm, a`oubas pjrsmbas cai`aiab nj fhjrtms "hbfhnjbtjs
njsaoranai`js" jb `a farrjra nj` djrfanm nj ^.^. Wjrm dj atrjvm a njfhr
quj jstms fräthfms jstaiab sulrhjbnm nj jstrueadhjbtm. ½Wmr què `ms mpj
ranmrjs nj `a sa`a,
`ms nj` hbtjrhmr, quj caiäab
sjouäab sulrhnm
suihjbnm tab a djbunm
jb fmbtra `as Ihjb,
nj` eujom= da`aspmr
euoanas nj
ub `anm
`js ousta `a affhöb y jsm, njsnj `ujom, `m thjbjb jb ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo. Bm

911

919 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

cay pjrhmnms nj hbafthvhnan
hbaft hvhnan.. Bm cay razmbjs quj pjnhr m quj nar. Bm cay
pèrnhna nj thjdpm. Bm sj quhjirab `ms bjrvhms jspjrabnm a quj nè
fmdhjbzm j` dmvhdhjbtm quj sj caiäa prmbmsthfanm. Vhjdprj cay
sulhfhjbtjs va`mrjs para mpjrar jb j` djrfanm, jxfjptm fuabnm j` hbtjrès
a fmrtm js sulhfhjbtjdjbtj orabnj fmdm para quj `a jsfasjz djrjzfa `a
pjba.
Cafj ya a`oõb thjdpm, ym dj jbfmbtraia, jb L`mrhna, nhslrutabnm
nj dhs vafafhmbjs nj hbvhjrbm. Jstaia pjsfabnm y nhslrutabnm, y bm
njnhfaia a` djrfanm nj va`mrjs bhboõb thpm nj pjbsadhjbtm, jxfjptm
fuabnm rjfhiäa `ms pjrhönhfms. Zba dañaba, fuabnm ``joö j` fmrrjm sj-
dhsjdaba`, nh ub vhstazm a `as fmthzafhmbjs y vh quj ^.^ sj jstaia
vjbnhjbnm a 1::. @a õ`thda vjz quj caiäa vhstm su fmthzafhöb, frjm quj
jstaia jb 1>7. Dh mphbhöb jra quj bms jstáiadms hbtrmnufhjbnm jb ub
djrfanm a `a iaea
iaea y ym jstaia fa`fu`abnm j` thjdpm para pmbjrdj a fmrtm.
fmrt m.
Wjrm bm caiäa njdashana prhsa. Wmr jsm jstaia pjsfabnm shb prjstar`j
njdashana atjbfhöb a `a fhbta. Vaiäa quj fuabnm sj prmnuejra j` vjrna
njrm avhsm, vm`vjräa a fasa. Dhjbtras tabtm, bana nj `m quj ym chfhjra m
njeara nj cafjr, afj`jraräa `as fmsas.
J` fmdpmrtadhjbtm nj ^.^, jra `a faraftjrästhfa smirjsa`hjbtj nj`
djrfanm, sjoõb `ms pjrhönhfms quj caiäa rjfhihnm jsa dañaba. Dj shrvhö
para frhsta`hzar dh hnja iaehsta jb ojbjra`, pmrquj pjbsaia quj jra par
thfu`ardjbtj aisurnm quj `ms nj njbtrm audjbtarab j` prjfhm nj ^.^, a
`a vhsta nj `a lhrdjza nj `a fmthzafhöb ojbjra`. A`oubas vjfjs sj njij
suspjbnjr j` prmfjsm nj nj mrnjñm. @m quj js hrrjou`
hrrjou`ar,
ar, bm suj`j ssjr
jr ub
laftmr njsjai`j jb `ms fá`fu`ms nj ub mpjranmr, y dj naia `a hdprjshöb
nj quj j` hbtjbtm nj cafjr suihr jj`` prjfh
prjfhm,
m, nj jsj va`mr, jra ub
ubaa patmfcana
faphta`.
^ras `jjr tmnms `ms pjrhönhfms, vm`vä a `a pjsfa, pjrm sjouä
pjbsabnm jb `m quj `ms nj njbtrm jstaiab hbtjbtabnm cafjr. Quj hiab a
lrafasar, jra tab sjourm fmdm quj ub cmdirj sj ap`asta sh sj thra njsnj
j` tjeanm nj ub jnhlhfhm nj 97 p`abtas shb parafahnas. Bm pmnäa pjbsar jb
bana dás y, lhba`djbtj, njeè `a pjsfa y jbvhè ub tj`jorada a dhs
fmrrjnmrjs, para quj dj vjbnhjrab 9.777 affhmbjs nj ^.^ jb j` djrfanm.
Njspuès punj vm`vjr a dh pjsfa. Dj sa`hö iastabtj ihjb. Jsa tarnj rjfhiä
`a rjspujsta a dh tj`jorada pmr fmrrjm jspjfha`. Dhs fmrrjnmrjs hblmrda
iab nj quj caiäab vjbnhnm dhs 9.777 affhmbjs nj ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo a
1:6. Casta acä tmna hia ihjb. Jstaia vjbnhjbnm a fmrtm jb ub djrfanm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjr anmr nj affhmbjs 916
njsfjbnjbtj, asä jra fmdm njiäa nj sjr. Wjrm bm punj sjouhr pjsfabnm.
Jstaia njdashanm `jems nj` tai`jrm nj fmthzafhmbjs. @m njsfuirä fuabnm
jdpjfè a pjbsar pmr què ^rmphfa` ^r ^ranhbo
anhbo bm hia cafha aiaem fmbfmb j` rjstm
rjst m
nj` djrfanm jb vjz nj hr cafha arrhia a fausa nj uba dabhpu`afhöb
hbtjrhmr.
hbtjrh mr. Asä quj njeè nj `anm
`anm `a pjsfa y rjorjsè
rjorjs è a Wa`d Ijafc, m dás dás
ihjb, a `a `äbja nhrjfta fmb Bujva Xmrk. Fuabnm ``jouè a Wa`d Ijafc, vh
`m quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr, iastabtj njsphstanms, jstaiab hbtjbtabnm cafjr
tmnaväa. @js vjbnä ub sjoubnm orupm nj 9.777 affhmbjs nj ^.^. @`joö
mtrm hblmrdj
hblmrdj y vm`vä a vjbnjr mt mtras
ras 9.777 affhmbjs. J` djrfanm sj fmd
pmrtaia jxfj`jbtjdjbtj. M sja, njsfjbnäa fmb dh vjbta. Fmdm tmnm hia
jstupjbnadjbtj, sa`ä a nar uba vuj`ta, pjrm bm jstaia fmbtjbtm. Fuabtm
dás pjbsaia, dásdás dj jbtrhstjf
jbtrhstjfäa
äa j` pjbsar quj bm caiäa vjbnhnm dás. Asä
quj rjorjsè a `a mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej y vjbnä mtras 9.777 affhmbjs.
Vö`m jstaia fmbtjbtm fuabnm vjbnäa jsas affhmbjs. Jb `a aftua`h
nan jstaia a fmrtm fmb 17.77
17.7777 aff
affhmbj
hmbjs.
s. Njspuès njf
njfhnä
hnä rjorjsar a Bujv
Bujvaa
Xmrk. ^jbäa bjomfhms quj cafjr. Xa tjbnräa thjdpm thjdpm nj pjsfar jb a`ouba
a`ouba
mtra mfashöb.
Fuabnm ``jouè a Bujva Xmrk hbtjbtè mitjbjr hblmrdafhöb
hblmrdafhöb smirj `ms
bjomfhms nj `a fmdpañäa. @m quj supj, rjlmrzö dh fmbvhffhöb nj quj `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr caiäab shnm dás quj hbfmbsfhjbtjs, tratabnm nj cafjr suihr j`
prjfhm,
prjfh m, jb ub dmdjbtm jb quj jsj asfjbsm bm jsta jstaia
ia eusthlhfanm
eusthlhfanm bh pmr j`
j`
tmbm nj` djrfanm ojbjra` bh pmr `as oababfhas nj `a fmdpañäa.
J` asfjbsm, aubquj h`öohfm y lujra nj thjdpm, caiäa frjanm ub
fhjrtm sjouhdhjbtm
a `ms nj` pmr partj
hbtjrhmr a sjouhr nj` põi`hfm
anj`abtj y jstm,
fmb sus shb nuna,
aisurnas caiäaAsä
táfthfas. abhdanm
quj ym
vjbnä dás affhmbjs. @ms nj` hbtjrhmr njearmb nj cafjr `a tmbtjräa quj
jstaiab cafhjbnm. Wusj a prujia j` djrfanm uba y mtra vjz, nj afujrnm
fmb dhs dètmnms mpjrathvms, casta quj, lhba`djbtj, jstuvj a fmrtm fmb
67.777 affhmbjs nj` va`mr nj `a ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo Fmdpaby. Wara jbtmb
fjs j` prjfhm jstaia jb 166.
Vj dj caiäa anvjrthnm quj, `ms nj` hbtjrhmr, fmbmfäab `as fmbnhfhm
bjs jxaftas nj fana
fana fjrthlhfanm
fjrthlhfanm nj affhöb,
affhöb, `as nhdjbshmbjs
nhdjbshmbjs prjfhsas y `a
hnjbthnan nj `as vjbtas a fmrtm, asä fmdm mtrms laftmrjs nj hdpmrtabfha
táfthfa. Jrab cmdirjs fmb fapafhnan y mpjranmrjs rjtmrfhnms. Nj tmnms
dmnms
Wjrm `mssj cjfcms
trataia smb
nj uba
`ms fmdihbafhöb
cjfcms y `mspj`hormsa fmbtraa`hanms
dás lujrtjs `a quj smb
`ufcar.
`as
fmbnhfhmbjs.

91> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Wmr supujstm, jb j` njsfjbsm nj 1:6 a 166, `as vjbtas a fmrtm
caiäab
nhsfuthr,frjfhnm, y j` põi`hfm
fmdm shjdprj5 Jsj quj
va`mrfmdpra jb `as rjaffhmbjs
sj fmbshnjraia uba iujba fmdjbzö
fmdpraa
fuabnm su prjfhm jstaia jb 1:6 j hbf`usm dás arrhia. Acmra, 97 pubtms
dás aiaem,
aiaem, jra bjfjsa
bjfjsarhadjb
rhadjbtj,
tj, uba fmdpra dufcm dj djemr.
emr. J` dhsdm
dhsdm
va`mr; `a dhsda tasa nj nhvhnjbnms; `as dhsdas mlhfhbas; j` dhsdm
bjomfhm. ¡Zba vjrnanjra oaboa!
@as fmdpras nj` põi`hfm rjnuem `a mljrta y `ms nj` hbtjrhmr,
saihjbnm quj dufcms mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a js jstaiab
taiab a fmrt
fmrtm,
m, pjbsarmb quj
jra j` dmdjbtm anjfuanm para jstruear. J` prjfhm jstaia jb 1:7. Dj
atrjvm a njfhr quj caiäa dufcm a fuihjrtm, pjrm ym dj dabtuvj lhrdj.
½Wmr què bm hia ca cafjr`m= @ms nj` hbtjrhmr pmnäab saijr quj bm caiäa
shnm fabfj`ana uba `äbja fmrta nj 67.777 affhmbjs, pjrm ½pmr què dj hia
a asustar pmr jsm= @as razmbjs quj dj caiäab ``jvanm a fmdjbzar a
vjbnjr jb 1:6 y sjouhr vjbnhjbnm jb j` njsfjbsm casta 166, bm sö`m
jxhstäab, shbm quj anjdás jrab dás lujrtjs quj bubfa. @ms nj` hbtjrhmr
pmnäab njsjar lmrzardj a fuirhr, pjrm bm tjbäab bhboõb aroudjbtm
fmbvhbfjbtj. @as fmbnhfhmbjs lubnadjbta`js `ufcaiab pmr dä. Bm jra
nhläfh` pjrdabjfjr trabquh`m y shb dhjnm. Zb jspjfu`anmr njij tjbjr lj
jb sä dhsdm y jb sus euhfhms. J` nhlubtm Nhfksmb O._atts, jx-prjshnjbtj
nj` Bjw
Bjw Xmrk Fmttmb Jxfcaboj y ladmsm
ladmsm autmr nj "Vpjfu`athmb as a lhbj
lhbj
art," nhfj quj j` fmraej, jb ub jspjfu`anmr , js shdp`jdjbtj fmblhabza
para pmnjr aftuar jb iasj a `as njfhshmbjs nj su djbtj. Jb dh fasm, bm
pujnm tjdjr jstar jquhvmfanm, pmrquj bubfa phjbsm quj `m jstmy, casta
quj a`om m a`ouhjb dj `m njdujstra. Nj cjfcm, bm jstmy a oustm a djbms
djbms
quj jstè safabnm parthnm nj `a jxpjrhjbfha. J` fursm nj` djrfanm, jb ub
dmdjbtm
dmdjb tm njtjrdhbanm, bm dj prujia, bjfjsarhadjbtj, quj jstè jquhvm
fanm. Js j` faráftjr nj` asfjbsm, m nj` njsfjbsm, `m quj dj njtjrdhba sh
dh pmshfhöb jb j` djrfanm js fmrrjfta m hbfmrrjfta. Vö`m pujnm sjouhr
anj`abtj fmb j` fmbmfhdhjbtm. Vh `m njeara nj `anm, jstaräa fmdjthjbnm
uba vjrnanjra tmrpjza.
Bm caiäa bana jb j` faráftjr nj `a rjfupjrafhöb nj 166
166 a 1:
1:77 quj dj
asustara y dj chfhjra pmbjrdj a fuihjrtm y, anjdás, j` va`mr, fmdm ya
jra nj jspjrar, fmdjbzö a njsfjbnjr nj bujvm. Vj rmdphö jb 1>7 abtjs
nj quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr fmdjbzarab a nar`j smpmrtj. Vu fmdpra fmhbfhnhö
fmbb uba orab fabthnan nj rudmrjs a`fhstas afjrfa nj
fm nj`` va`mr. @a fmdpañäa,
sjoõb mäadms, jstaia mitjbhjbnm ubas oababfhas laiu`msas, y jstas

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 91:

oababfhas eusthlhfaiab ub hbfrjdjbtm jb `a tasa nj nhvhnjbnms. ^adihèb
^adihèb
sj njfäa, quj `as
jstrueadhjbtm nj`vjbtas
añm, `aa väfthda
fmrtm jrab jbmr
jbmrdjs,
sjräa `adjs,
partjy iaehsta
quj sj jb
hi
hiaaojbjra`
a prmnufhr jj``
y, jb
parthfu`ar, ub njtjrdhbanm mpjranmr quj sj caiäa jxtjbnhnm njdashanm.
^ab prmbtm fmdm mä `m quj afaim nj njfhr, jdpuearmb j` prjfhm nhjz
pubtms cafha arrhia.
@a dabhpu`afhöb
dabhpu`afhöb bbmm dj parjfäa parthfu`a
parthfu`ardjbtj
rdjbtj pj`hormsa, pjrm
fuabnm j` prjfhm tmfö 1>8, njfhnä quj bm jra hbtj`hojbtj njear quj sj
afjptarab fmdm
fmdm vjrna
vjrnanjra
njras,
s, tmnas `as alhrdafhm
alhrdafhmbjs
bjs a`fhstas quj jstaiab
l`mtabnm jb j` ahrj. Wmr supujstm, bm caiäa bana quj ym, bh banhj nj` jxtjrhmr,
punhèradms njfhr, quj fmbvjbfhjra a `ms quj jstaiab a fmrtm, rja`djbtj
asustanms , m `ms hbfrènu`ms
hbfrèn u`ms f`hjbtjs nj `as fasas nj fmdhshöb,
fmdhs höb, quj mpjrab
sjoõb
hdprhdj `ms`afmdjbtarhms quj myjb.
fhbta. @a ojbtj frjjräa@ajbrèp`hfa dás jljfthva
j``m, pjrm js `ajbquj
bm frjjräab `a
njf`arafhöb eurana nj bhboõb sjr vhvm, y dufcm djbms `a nj ub cmdirj
quj jstá a fmrtm fmb 67.777 affhmbjs. Asä quj uth`hfè `as dhsdas táfthfas
quj usè fuabnm Vtrattmb arrhbfmbö j` daäz, fuabnm vjbnä avjb avjbaa para quj
`ms mpjranmrjs sj pmshfhmbarab a fmrtm fmb j` daäz. Nj bujvm, `a
jxpjrhjbfha y `a djdmrha.
Fuabnm `ms
`ms nj` hbtjrhmr chfhjrmb suihr j` prjfhm nj ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo
^ranhbo,,
fmb `a hbtjbfhöb nj asustar a `ms
`ms quj jstaiab a fmrtm, bm hbtjbtè asjourardj
nj` asfjbsm vjbnhjbnm j` va`mr. Jstaia ya a fmrtm fmb 67.777 affhmbjs,
`m quj jra ub orab pmrfjbtaej nj `a mljrta jxhstjbtj. Bm tjbäa `a hbtjbfhöb
nj fm`mfar
sjoubna dh faijza luj
rjfupjrafhöb jb `arja`djbtj
fujrna njubaacmrfanm,
hbvhtafhöbquj sj dj@m
urojbtj. mlrjfäa , `a
quj chfj
fuabnm ^.^ tmfö 1>8 luj vjbnjr a`rjnjnmr nj 17.777 affhmbjs nj Jqua-
tmrha` Fmddjrfha` Fmrpmrathmb. Jsta fmdpañäa njiäa uba orab fabthnan
nj nhbjrm a ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo.
Jquatmrha` Fmddjrfha`
Fmd djrfha` bm jra tab afthvm fmdm ^.^, sj rmdphö fmb
dh vjbta, ta` y fmdm caiäa prjvhstm; y, pmr supujstm, ym fmbsjouä dh
prmpöshtm.. Fuabnm `ms mpjranmrjs, y `ms
prmpöshtm `ms f`hjbtjs nj `as fasas nj fmdhshöb
quj caiäab jsfufcanm `a fmbtranhftmrha hblmrdafhöb a`fhsta nj ^.^,
vhjrmb j` asfjbsm nj ^rmphfa` shbf shbfrmbhzan
rmbhzanmm fmb uba lujrt
lujrtjj vjbta y uba
irusfa ruptura jb Jquatmrha`, ``joarmb a `a fmbf`ushöb nj quj `a lujrza nj
^.^ jra tab
tab sm`m uba pabta``
pabta``aa nj ccudm,
udm, ub asfjb
asfjbsm
sm dabhpu`anm, njshoba
nm, mivhadjbtj, a lafh`htar `a `hquhnaf
`hquhnafhöb
höb hbtjrhmr jb Jquatmrha` Fmddjr
fha`, quj jra j` daymr pmsjjnmr nj affhmbjs ^.^. Njihö sjr, tabtm j` va`mr

91< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

a `arom fmdm j` va`mr hbtjrhmr nj Jquatmrha`, pmrquj banhj nj` jxtjrhmr
smñaräa fmb vjbnjr tabtas affhmbjs a fmrtm jb ub dmdjbtm jb quj
^rmphfa` ^ranhbo tjbäa tabta lujrza. Asä quj vjbnhjrmb ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo
y vjrhlhfarmb `a suihna, `ms nj` hbtjrhmr bm njsjaiab tmdar tmnas `as
affhmbjs quj jstaiab a `a vjbta. Jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr
rjthrarmb su smpmrtj, j` prjfhm nj ^.^ njsfjbnhö. @ms mpjranmrjs y `as
prhbfhpa`js fasas nj fmdhshöb, vjbnhjrmb tadihèb jbtmbfjs a`oubas
affhmbjs nj Jquatmrha` y ym tmdè dh `äbja a fmrtm fmb ub pjqujñm
ijbjlhfhm. Bm `m caiäa vjbnhnm para mitjbjr nhbjrm nj `a mpjrafhöb, shbm
para vjrhlhfar j` asfjbsm nj ^.^.
Zba vjz y mtra, `ms nj njbtrm nj ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo y `ms jlhfhjbtjs
cmdirjs
fmdjbnj su sjrvhfhm
nj fmdjbtarhms
tarhms a`fhstas ypui`hfhtarhm,
tratabnm nj``jb
``jbaiab
aiab
cafjr quj_a`` Vtrjjtsuihjra.
j` prjfhm fm
fmbb tmnaXfana
f`asj
vjz quj `m cafäab, ym vjbnäa Jquatmrha` Fmddjrfha` a fmrtm, `m fuiräa
fmb ^.^, rjaffhmbaia y arrastraia
arrastrai a a JF. Jstm chzm quj j` vhjbtm njeara nj
smp`ar para `ms vj`jrms nj `ms dabhpu`anmrjs. Lhba`djbtj, j` prjfhm nj
^.^ njsfjbnhö casta 19: y `as vjbtas a fmrtm frjfhjrmb tabtm quj `ms nj
njbtrm lujrmb hbfapafjs nj cafjr`m suihr 97 ö 9: pubtms. Jsta vjz sj
trataia nj uba lujrza
lujrza `joäthda jb fmbtra nj nj ubas vjbtas a fmrtm njdashanm
jxtjbsas; pjrm aubquj punj prjvjr `a rjfupjrafhöb, bm dj pusj a
fuihjrtm, ya quj bm njsjaia pjr pjrnjr
njr dh pmshfhöb. Abtjs nj quj Jquatmrha`
Fmddjrfha` punhjra asfjbnjr fmdparthjbnm j` frhtjrhm nj `a asfjbshöb
nj ^.^, chfj uba iujba vjbta
vjbta a fmrtm, fm
fmbb `ms rjsu`tanms bmrda`js. Jstm
nhm `uoar a `ms fmdjbtarhms a`fhstas nj ^.^, quj sj caiäa vuj`tm iastabtj
turiu`jbtm tras j` õ`thdm orab asfjbsm.
Wara jbtmbfjs, j` djrfanm ojbjra` sj caiäa njih`htanm iastabtj.
Fmdm ya nhej, luj `a fmbvhffhöb nj quj jstáiadms jb ub djrfanm a `a
iaea, `m quj dj chzm fmdjbzar a vjbnjr ^.^ a fmrtm jb j` fadpadjbtm
nj pjsfa nj L`mrhna. Jstaia a fmrtm fmb mtrm
mtrmss va`mrjs,
va` mrjs, pjrm ^.^ jra fmdm
dh fafcmrrh``m. Lhba`djbtj, `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js njdmstrarmb sjr
ub rjtm njdashanm orabnj para `ms nnj` j` hbtjrhmr y ^. ^.^
^ sj `abzö pmr j`
tmimoáb. Vj qujnö
njspuès pmr njiaempmr
njnjiaem nj 197
117; iaem `a pmr
par;prhdjra vjz jbshb
y ym sjouäa dufcms añms;a
pmbjrdj
fuihjrtm. Zb näa, fuabnm tmnm j` djrfanm jstaia tjrrhi`jdjbtj nèih`
^rmphfa` ^ranhbo sj rmdphö jb 87 y jbtmbfjs dj pusj a fuihjrtm.¡Wmr `a
dhsda razöb nj shjdprj!. ^jbäa `a mpmrtubhnan, j` orab djrfanm, `a
njih`hnan y dás vjbnjnmrjs quj fmdpranmrjs. Wujnm njfhr, aubquj

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 91?

fmrra j` rhjsom nj parafjr jborjänm y prjsudhr njdashanm nj dh hbtj`h
ojbfha, quj tmdè dhs 67.777 affhmbjs nj ^.^, a práfthfadjbtj,
práfthfadjb tj, j` prjfhm
dás iaem
iaem nj` dmvhdhjbtm. Wjrm bm pjbsapjbsaia
ia fuirhr jb j` suj`m. ^jbäa `a
hbtjbfhöb nj fmbvjrthr
fmbv jrthr dhs ijbjlhfhms jb papj` jb ijbjlhfhms jb djtá`hfm
djtá`hfm,,
shb pjrnjr dufcm jb j` fadihm.
Dj dabtuvj lhrdj nurabtj tmnm j` prmfjsm pmrquj saiäa quj dh
pmshfhöb jra sjoura. Bm dj jblrjbtaia a `a tjbnjbfha nj` djrfanm, bh hia
jb fmbtra nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs iáshfas,
iás hfas, shbm tmnm `m fmbtrarhm, y jsm js `m quj
dj cafäa jstar tab sjourm nj` lrafasm nj `ms fmblhanms fmdpmbjbtjs nj`
orupm nj` hbtjrhmr. @m quj j``ms jstaiab hbtjbtabnm cafjr, ya `m caiäab
hbtjbtanm mtrms abtjs,
a btjs, y shjdpr
shjdprjj caiäab lrafasanm. @as lrjfujbtjs rjfupj
rafhmb
raf hmbjs,
js, aubquj
aub quj saiäa tab ihjb fmdm fua`quhjr
fua`quhjraa quj sj hiab
hiab a prmnufhr, bm
dj naiab dhjnm. Vaiäa quj, a` lhba`, naräa djemr rjsu`tanm dabtjbjrsj
lhrdj quj tratar nj fuirhrdj para fmbsjouhr uba `äbja a fmrtm a ub prjfhm
dás a`tm. Aljrrábnmdj a `a pmshfhöb quj ym frjäa fmrrjfta, mituvj dás
nj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs. Bm jstaia jb njuna fmb bhboõb prjsjbthdhjbtm,
fmb uba caih`hnmsa `jftura nj `a fhbta, bh fmb ub jxfjsm nj va`jbtäa. Jra
ub nhvhnjbnm djrjfhnm pmr `a lj jb dhs prmphms euhfhms, y bm pmr dh
hbtj`hojbfha m dh vabhnan. J` fmbmfhdhjbtm js pmnjr, y j` pmnjr bmbm thjbj
quj sjbthr dhjnm abtj `as djbthr
djb thras,
as, aubquj
aubqu j `a fhbta `as hdpr
hdprhda.
hda. @a
rjtraffhöb shouj nj dmnm hbdjnhatm.
Zb añm dás tarnj, ^.^ sj vhm jdpueana casta 1:7 y sj dabtuvm acä
nurabtj ubas fuabtas sjdabas. Vj jspjraia quj tmnm j` djrfanm jxpjrh
nurabtj ubas fuabtas sjdabas. Vj jspjraia quj tmnm j` djrfanm jxpjrh
djbtara uba iujba rjaffhöb, pmrquj caiäa suihnm hbhbtjr hbhbtjrrudphn
rudphnadjbtj,
adjbtj, y
ya bm jstai
jstaiaa a` a`za. @m saiäa pmrq
pmrquj
uj `m caiäa fmdprmian
fmdpr mianm.m. Acmra, j` oru
orupm
pm
a` quj pjrtjbjfäa
p jrtjbjfäa ^
^.^
.^ jstaia tjbhjbnm
tjbhjb nm ubas mpjrafhmbjs duy pmirjs,
pmirjs , y bm
pmnäa vjr bhboub
bhboubaa raz
razöb
öb para quj jsms va`mrjs shouhjrab suihjbnm,
suihjbnm , aub
aubquj
quj
j` rjstm nj` djrfanm `m chfhjra, quj tadpmfm jra j` fasm. Asä quj jdpjfè
a vjbnjr ^rmphfa` ^ranhbo. ^jbäa `a hbtjbfhöb nj safar 17.777 affhmbjs
jb tmta`. J` prjfhm sj rmdphö fmb dh vjbta. Bm pmnäa vjr bhboõb thpm nj
smpmrtj. Jbtmbfjs, rjpjbthbadjbtj, j` faráftjr nj `a fmdpra fadihö.
Bm jstmy tratabnm nj parjfjr ub daom, fuabnm asjourm quj punj
prjnjfhr
prjn jfhr j` dmdjb
dmdjbtm tm jb j` quj hia a vjbhr j` smpmrtj.
smpmrt j. Dj ``adö `a atjbfhö
atjbfhöb,b,
j` cjfcm nj quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr, nj jsj va`mr, quj bm shjbtjb bubfa `a
mi`hoafhöb dmra` nj dabtjbjr j` prjfhm arrhia, fmdprarab
f mdprarab acmra j` va`mr,
abtj ub njsfjbsm ojbjra`. Njiäa jxhsthr uba razöb para j``m. Bm jrab bh
hobmrabtjs, bh lh`ábtrmpms, bh iabqujrms prjmfupanms pmr dabtjbjr j`

913 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

prjfhm arrhia para vjbnjr dás affhmbjs para fmbtrarrjstar. J` prjfhm
suihö a pjsar nj dh vjbta y nj `a nj `m `mss mtrms
mtrms.. Jb 1:6, pusj a fuihjrtm
dhs 17.777 affhmbjs y jb 1:< dj pusj a `arom pmrquj para jbtmbfjs `a
fhbta dj caicaiäa
äa nhfcm quj `a `äbja nj djbmdjbmrr rjshst
rjshstjbfha
jbfha jstaia cafha
arrhia. Jstaia a `a iaea jb j` djrfanm ojbjra`, y jstaia jblrjbtabnm uba
fmbnhfhöb mpjrathva jb ub njtjrdhbanm va`mr y bm a uba tjmräa jspjfu
`athva jb ojbjra`. J` prjfhm njsaparjfhö nj `a vhsta, pmr jbfhda nj 977.
Luj `m dás sjbsafhmba` nj tmnm j` añm. Luh smrprjbnhnm pmr a`oubms
hblmrdjs
hblm rdjs quj njfäab nj lmrd
lmrdaa cai`ana y jsfrht
jsfrhtaa quj sj dj caiäa jstrueanm
casta cafjrdj
cafjrdj pjrnjr mmfcm
fcm m bujvj dh``m
dh``mbjs
bjs nj nö`a
nö`arjs.
rjs. Jb rja`hnan, bm
jstaia a fmrtm, shbm a `arom fmb ^.^ nurabtj tmnm j` asfjbsm. Nj cjfcm,
dabtuvj njdashanm thjdpm y njeè jsfapar partj nj dhs oababfhas jb
papj`.`. ½Q
papj ½Quhjrj
uhjrj saijr pmr què `m chfj= Wmrquj pjbsaia quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr
nj ^.^, caräab `m quj ym cairhá cjfcm sh cuihjra jstanm jb su `uoar. Wjrm
jsm js a`om quj a dh bm hbfudiäa, pmrquj dh traiaem traiaem fmbshstj jb mpjrar,
m sja, aljrrardj a `ms cjfcms quj tjbom abtj dä, y bm jb pjbsar què js `m
quj njijräab cafjr `ms njdás.
 SHS
Bm sè fuabnm, bh quhjb uth`hzö
uth` hzö `a pa`aira "dabhpu`afhöb" pmr prhdjra vjz
jb fmbjxhöb fmb `m quj jb rja`hnan,
rja`hnan , bm smb dás quj prmfjsms djrfabth`js
ap`hfanms a `a vjbta nj ub vm`udjb nj affhmbjs jb im`sa. La`shlhfar j`
djrfanm para lafh`htar fmdpras iaratas nj ub va`mr quj sj njsja afudu`ar,
js tadihèb dabhpu`afhöb. Wjrm js nhljrjbtj. Quhzás bm sja bjfjsarhm
njtjbjr `as
`as práfthfas h`joa`
h`joa`js,
js, pjrm sjräa nhläfh
nhläfh`` jvhtar cafjr `m quj
a`oubms pjbsaräab quj js h`joäthdm. ½Födm vas a fmdprar ub bõdjrm
j`jvanm nj affhmbjs jb ub djrfanm a` a`za shb njtjrdhbar j` prjfhm tõ
dhsdm=. Jsj sjräa j` prmi`jda. ½Födm sj pujnj rjsm`vjr= Njpjbnj nj
 tabtas fmsas quj bm sj pujnj nar uba sm`ufhöb ojbjra`, a djbms quj nhoas;
pmshi`jdjbtjj pm
pmshi`jdjbt pmrr djnhm nj uba nhjstra dabhpu`afhöb, ½pmr jejdp`m=
Wujs ihjb, njpjbnj nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs, bm sj pujnj nar uba rjspujsta
dás fmbfrjta.
Dj hbtjrjsm prmlubnadjbtj pmr tmnas `as lasjs nj dh bjomfhm y,
pmr supujstm, aprjbnm nj `as jxpjrhjbfhas nj `ms mtrms, asä fmdm nj `as
däas prmphas. Wjrm js duy nhläfh` aprjbnjr a dabhpu`ar `ms va`mrjs cmy
jb näa, jb iasj a `as chstmrhas quj sj pujnjb mhr fua`quhjr tarnj tras j`
fhjrrj, jb uba mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej. @a daymräa nj `ms trufms, hnjas j
hbvjbfhmbjs nj `ms näas pasanms, m ihjb jstáb mism`jtms, m smb h`joa`js j
hdprafthfai`js. @as bmrdas y `as fmbnhfhmbjs nj `a im`sa cab fadihanm,
y `a chstmrha, hbf`usm `a chstmrha dás njta``ana, nj `m quj Nabhj` Nrjw m
Eafmi @htt`j m Eay Omu` punhjrmb cafjr nurabtj fhbfujbta m sjtjbta y
fhbfm añms, js a`om quj fash bm dj djrjfj `a pjba jsfufcar. J`

918

997 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

dabhpu`anmr nj cmy jb näa, bm bjfjshta fmbshnjrar `m quj j``ms cafäab y
födm
bjfjshta`m ya
cafäab, nj`arqujräa,
jstunhar dhsdm dm dmnm
ta`nm quj ub
y fmdm fanjtj
fanjtj
cafäab susnjabtjpasanms,
_jst Wmhbt para bm
hbfrjdjbtar sus fmbmfhdhjbtms nj ia`ästhfa.
Wmr mtrm `anm,
`anm , js duy ijbjlhfhmsm jstunhar
jstunh ar `ms-l
`ms-laf
aftmr
tmrjs
js cudab
cudabms,ms, `a
lafh`hnan fmb
fmb quj `ms sjrjs cudabms frjjb jb `m quj quhjrjb frjjr; y födm
pjrdhtjb njearsj hbl`ujbfhar pmr su fmnhfha m pmr j` fmstj nj` nö`ar nj `a
la
la`ta
`ta nj fuhnanm nj` fhunanabm djnhm. J` tjdmr y `a jspjrabza shoujb shjbnm
houa`jss quj abtjs, bm cab jxpjrhdjbta
houa`j jxpjrhdjbtanm nm fadihms; pmr `m tabtm,
t abtm, j` jstunhm
nj `a pshfm`moäa nj` jspjfu`anmr js tab vá`hna fmdm abtjs. @as ardas
fadihab,
fadi hab, pjrm `a jstratjoha shouj shjbnm
shjbnm jstratjoha, jb `m rj`afhmbanm fmb j`
fadpm nj iata``a nj `a im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk. Frjm quj j` dás hbtj`hojbtj
hbtj`hojb tj
rjsudjbb nj tmnm j` asubtm,
rjsudj as ubtm, jst
jstuvm
uvm jb imfa nj ^cmdas L. _mmn`mfk fuabnm
njf`arö5 " @ms prhbfhphms nj` èxhtm jb `a jspjfu`afhöb nj va`mrjs sj iasj jb
`a supmshfhöb njnj quj `a ojbtj, jb j` luturm, sjouhrá fmdjthjbnm `ms dhsdms
jrrmrjs quj sj fmdjthjrmb jb j` pasanm."
Jb `ms "immds" quj js fuabnm j` põi`hfm sj jbfujbtra jb j`
djrfanm jb ub bõdjrm duy j`jvanm, bm cay bubfa bjfjshnan nj
suth`jzas,
suth`jz as, asä quj bm cay bjfjshnan nj pjrnjr j` thjdpm nhsfuthjbnm smirj
`a dabhpu`afhöb m smirj `a jspjfu`afhöb nurabtj jsms pjrhmnms; sjräa
fmdm hbtjbtar ca``ar `a nhljrjbfha jbtrj `as omtas nj ``uvha quj fajb jb
bujstrm tjeanm, y `as quj fajb jb j` tjeanm nj jblrjbtj. @ms tmbtms cab
hbtjbtanm shjdprj fmbsjouhr a`om a fadihm nj bana, y `a orab atraffhöb
nj tmnms `ms "immds"js shjdprj, ub hbsthbtm nj eujom j`jvanm pmr `a
avarhfha y pmr ub njsdjnhnm njsjm nj prmspjrhnan. @a ojbtj quj iusfa
nhbjrm láfh`, shjdprj ca nj paoar ub prjfhm para aprjbnjr quj èsj js ub
prhvh`johm a` quj bm sj pujnj affjnjr jb jsta sörnhna thjrra. A` prhbfhphm,
fuabnm jsfufcaia `as labtásthfas chstmrhas nj `ms vhjems thjdpms, y `as
hnjas quj tjbäab, sm`äa pjbsar quj `a ojbtj jra dás frènu`a jb `ms añms
13<7 y ?7 quj jb `ms añms 87. Wjrm jstaia sjourm nj quj jsj dhsdm näa,
m a` näa shouhjbtj, `jjräa jb `ms pjrhönhfms a`om smirj j` õ`thdm Wmbzh, m
smirj j` lrafasm
lrafasm nj ub fmrrjnmr, m smirj `ms dh``mbj
dh``mbjss nj nhbjrm tmbtm
tmbt m quj
caiäab
daymräa.hnm a ubhrsj fmb `ms acmrrms njsvabjfhnms nj uba sh`jbfhmsa
Fuabnm vhbj a Bujva Xmrk
Xmrk pmr prhdjra vjz, caiäa ub orab a`imrmtm
jb rj`afhöb fmb `as vjbtas nj `avanms y `as örnjbjs fmdparthnas, pmrquj
tmnas jsas práfthfas jstaiab prmchihnas jbtmbfjs. A`oubas vjfjs, j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub m
mpjranmr
pjranmr nj affhmbjs 991
`avanm jra njdashanm frunm fmdm para jboañar a banhj. @ms fmrrjnmrjs
bm sj `m pjbsarmb
afthvm"fana nmsa`ouhjb
vjz quj vjfjs abtjs
trataianjnjnjfhr
`avarquj "`a `avabnjräa
a`oõb va`mr, y fmdmjstaia
ya jb
cj
nhfcm abtjs, dás nj uba vjz sj prmnuem `m quj j``ms njbmdhbaiab "
hdpu`sms nj iufkjt scmps", fuabnm sj mlrjfäa ub va`mr jb nms m trjs
pubtms
pubt ms pmr njiaem, sö`m para jstai`jfjr
jstai`jf jr j` njsfjb
njsfjbsm
sm jb `a fhbta y abhquh`ar
a `ms mpjranmrjs nj darojb pjqujñm, quj jstaiab a `arom fmb j` va`mr jb
`a iufkjt scmp. Jb fuabtm a `as örnjbjs fmdparthnas, sj uth`hzaiab
shjdprj fmb rjfj`m, a fausa nj `a nhlhfu`tan jb `as mpjrafhmbjs nj
fmmrnhbafhöb y shbfrmbhzafhöb pmr partj nj `ms mpjranmrjs, tmnm jstm
jstaia jb fmbtra nj `as bmrdas nj` djrfanm. Cafj ubms añms, ub ladmsm
mpjranmr fabfj`ö `a vjbta, pjrm bm `a partj nj fmdpra nj sus örnjbjs
fmdparthnas, y j` rjsu`tanm luj quj ub hbmfjbtj fmrrjnmr chzm quj j`
prjfhm suihjra ubms vjbthfhbfm pubtms jb pmfms dhbutms, para vjr`m
rmdpjrsj
rmdpj rsj a `a dhsda fj`jrhnan
fj`jrhna n tab prmbtm fmdm sj njtuvm `a fmdpfmdpra.ra. @a
hbtjbfhöb mrhohba` jra frjar uba aparhjbfha nj afthvhnan. Bm js bana
iujbm euoar fmb ubas ardas tab pmfm lhnjnhobas. Bm pujnjs nar njda
shana fmblhabza a tus djemrjs fmrrjnmrjs, bm sh nj vjrnan quhjrjs sjouhr
shjbnm dhjdirm nj `a Im`sa nj Bujva Xmrk. ^adihèb `as taxas cab shnm
nj dufca hdpmrtabfha jb tmnm `m rj`afhmbanm fmb `as trabsaffhmbjs
trabsa ffhmbjs y smb
dufcm dás faras nj `m quj jrab jb j` pasanm.
@a njlhbhfhöb
njlhbhfhöb nj nhffhmbarhm nj `a pa`aira dabhpu`afhöb ccafj
afj rjlj
rjbfha a `a pa`aira rhbföb. Zb rhbföb pujnj sjr j` rjsu`tanm nj uba
dabhpu`afhöb
dabhpu `afhöb,, m pujnj sjr j` rjsu`tanm nj uba fmdpra fmdpjththva,
fmdpjthth va, fmdm
mfurrhö pmr jejdp`m, fmb j` rhbföb nj Bmrtcjrb Wafhlhf
Wafhlhf j` 8 nj daym nj 1871,
1 871,
jb fuym fasm bm sj trataia nj dabhpu`afhöb. J` rhbföb nj Vtutz rjsu`tö sjr
duy farm para tmnas `as pjrsmbas hbvm`ufranas, tabtm jb nhbjrm fmdm jb
prjsthohm. X bm luj ub rhbföb hbojbhanm nj`hijranadjbtj.
Jb rja`hnan, duy pmfms rhbfmbjs rjsu`tarmb sjr ijbjlhfhmsms para
`ms quj `ms hbojbharm
hbojbharmb. b. @ms nms rhbfmbjs
rhbfmb js nj Fmddmnmrj
Fmddm nmrj \abnjrih`t's
Car`jd nhjrmb iujb rjsu`tanm, pjrm j` vhjem fadarana sj djrjfäa `ms
dh``mbjs quj chzm, fmb `a ayuna nj ub dmbtöb nj njpmrthstas a fmrtm,
`johs`anmrjs y fmbfjea`js fmrrmdphnm
fmrrm dphnmss quj tratarmb nj cafjr`j ub nmi`j
eujo
eu jomm . Wmr mtrm
mtr m `a
`anm
nm,, Eay Omu`
Om u`nn pj
pjrn
rnhö
hö jb su rh
rhbf
bföb
öb nj Bmrt
Bm rtcw
cwjs
jstj
tjrb
rb..
Njafmb V. \. _chtj chzm ub dh``öb jb su rhbföb
rhbföb nj @afkawabba
@afkaw abba,, pjrm Ehd
Kjjbj pjrnhö ub dh``öb jb `a mpjrafhöb nj Cabbhia` & Vt. Emj. J` èxhtm
lhbabfhjrm nj `ms rhbfmbjs njpjbnj,
njpjbnj , pmr supujstm,
supuj stm, nj
nj`` fmdpm
fmdpmrtadhj
rtadhjbtm
btm

999 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jb j` djrfanm nj affhmbjs afudu`anas a ub prjfhm dás a`tm quj j` nj

fmstj y, para quj jsm mfurra fmb lafh`hnan, `as vjbtas a fmrtm njijb tjbjr
uba fhjrta daobhtun.
Dj prjoub
prjoubtaia
taia a djbunm,
djbu nm, pmrquè `ms rhbfmbjs jrab tab
tab pmpu`arjs
jbtrj `ms orabnjs mpjranmrjs nj cafj djnhm sho`m. Jrab cmdirjs cáih`js
y jxpjrhdjbtanms, nj djbtj aihjrta, y fmb pmfa hbf`hbafhöb a fmdpmr
tadhjbtms hblabth`js, iasanms jb `a lh`abtrmpäa nj sus fmdpañjrms mpjra
nmrjs. A pjsar nj tmnm, sj `js f`avaia j` aouheöb fmb uba lrjfujbfha
smrprjbnjbtj. Zb saihm mpjranmr dj nhem quj tmnms `ms orabnjs mpjra
nmrjs nj `ms añms <7 y ?7, tjbäab uba adihfhöb, safar anj`abtj ub rhbföb.
Jb dufcms fasms, sj trataia nj vabhnan, jb mtrms sj trataia nj ub njsjm
nj rjvabfca. Nj tmnms dmnms j` cjfcm nj quj sj tj sjña`ara fmdm j`
cmdirj quj caiäa arrhbfmbanm fmb èxhtm ub va`mr u mtrm, jra jb rja`hnan
j` rjfmbmfhdhjbtm põi`hfm nj tu hbtj`hojbfha y iravura. Jstm prmpmrfhm
baia a` autmr nj` rhbföb , ub fhjrtm njrjfcm a sjbthrsj supjrhmr. Afjptaia
`ms ap`ausms nj sus fmdpañjrms, fmdm a`om p`jbadjbtj djrjfhnm. Bm
jra sö`m j` ijbjlhfhm dmbjtarhm, `m quj hdpu`saia a jstas pjrsmba a cafjr
tmnm `m quj pmnäab fmb ta` nj fmbsjouhr`m. Jra ub fmdp`jem nj vabhnan,
quj sj naia jb `ms mpjranmrjs nj saborj lräa.
Jb aquj``ms
aquj``m s nhas, `ms pjrrms
pjrrm s sj fmdäab a `ms pjrrms fmb tmna lafh`hnan.
lafh`hn an.
Frjm quj ya cj nhfcm ababtjs
tjs,, quj cj fmbsjo
fmbsjouhnm
uhnm jsf
jsfapa
apardj
rdj abtjs nj quj dj
jstruearab
sjbthnm nj jb dás nj uba
prmbösthfm, shbmmfashöb,
pmrquj, bm pmrquj pmsjyjra
ojbjra`djbtj, pujnmub dhstjrhmsm
njfhr jb què
dmdjbtm j` faráftjr nj `a fmdpra cafj quj sja uba hdprunjbfha
pmbjrdj a fmrtm. Jstm `m caom jb iasj a ubms tjsts duy bmrda`js, quj
jstmy sjourm nj quj tadihèb sj uth`hzaiab jb `a abthoðjnan. J` vhjem
Nabhj` Nrjw, sm`äa jstruear a `ms dufcafcms fmb dufca lrjfujbfha, y `js
chzm paoar prjfhms duy a`tms pmr `as affhmbjs nj Jrhj quj `j vjbnhjrmb
a fmrtm.
fmr tm. A è` `j jstruem Fmdd
Fmddmnm
mnmrj
rj \abnjr
\abnjrih`t
ih`t jb Jrh
Jrhj,
j, y fuabnm j` vhjem
Nrjw `j phnhö dhsjrhfmrnha
dhsjrh fmrnha Fmddmnm
Fmd dmnmrj rj frjö j` vjrsm shouhjbtj5

J` quj vjbnj `m quj bm js nj su pmsjshöb

njij vm`vjr a fmdprar`m, m hr a prhshöb.

_a`` Vtrjjt bm rjfujrna dufcm, afjrfa nj ub mpjranmr quj luj ubm

nj sus thtabjs nurabtj dás nj uba ojbjrafhöb. Vu jxprjshöb prjljrhna, quj
pasö a `a hbdmrta`hnan, jra `a lrasj "va`mr nj rhjom."

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 996

Annhsmb O. Ejrmdj, jra j` rjy rjfmbmfhnm nj` ^ai`jrm Wõi`hfm jb

`a prhdavjra nj 13<6. Vjoõb dj nhfjb, sus prmbösthfms smirj j` djrfanm,
sj fmbshnjraiab tab iujbms fmdm nhbjrm jljfthvm jb j` iabfm. Luj ub
orab mpjranmr y oabö dh``mbjs. Jra `hijra`, casta j` pubtm nj ``joar a `a
jxtravaoabfha y tuvm ub orab sjouhdhjbtm jb _a`` Vtrjjt, casta quj
Cjbry Kjjp, fmbmfhnm fmdm _h`` _h``had
had j` sh`jbfhmsm, `j jstrueö tmnms sus
dh``mbjs jb j` rhbföb nj Män Vmutcjrb. Kjjp, nhfcm sja nj pasm, jra
fuñanm nj` Omijrbanmr Ymswj`` W. L`mwjr.
Jb j` pasanm,
pas anm, fash tmnms `ms rhbfmbjs fmbshstäa
fmbshstäabb prhbfhpa`djbtj jb
bm njear quj j` mtrm suphjra quj tõ jstaias tratabnm nj arrhbfmbar j` va`mr,
ub va`mr quj è` jstaia qujrhjbnm vjbnjr a fmrtm. Wmr `m tabtm, jstm jstaia
nhrhohnm a `ms prmljshmba`js, pmrquj j` põi`hfm ojbjra` bm `j ousta pmsh-
fhmbarsj a fmrtm.
a pmbjr susfmrt m. @as
`äbjas razmbjs
a fmrtm, jrabquj
`asdmthvaiab a jstms
dhsdas quj saihms
dmthvab prmljshmba`js
a `ms mpjranmrjs
nj cmy. Apartj nj `a vjbta pmr partj nj pm`äthfms rmdpjnmrjs jb j` rhbföb
nj Car`jd nj Fmddmnmrj, ym njnuzfm nj tmnas `as chstmrhas quj cj
`jhnm, quj `ms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js vjbnäab j` va`mr pmrquj jstaia
njdashanm a`tm; y j``ms pjbsaiab quj jstaia njdashanm a`tm, pmrquj
bubfa abtjs caiäa jstanm tab a`tm; y jsm cafäa quj lujra njdashanm a`tm
para fmdprar`m; y sh jra njdashanm a`tm para fmdprar, tadihèb jra
njdashanm a`tm para vjbnjr. Jsm parjfj iastabtj dmnjrbm ½bm= J``ms
pjbsaiab jb j` prjfhm, ¡y Fmddmnmrj pjbsaia jb j` va`mr! Asä quj
nurabtj dufcms añms njspuès,
njspuès , `ms vhjems dj fujbtab quj fua
fuabnm
bnm `a ojbtj
 njsjaia njsfrhihr
njsfrhihr `a pmir
pmirjza,
jza, sm`äab njfhr5 "¡s
"¡sjj pusm a fmrtm fmb Car`jd!
Cafj dufcms añms, jstuvj cai`abnm fmb uubm bm nj `ms abthoums fmrrj
fmrrj
nmrjs nj Eay
Eay Omu`n. È` dj asjouraia quj Dr. Omu` jra a`om d dásás quj
cmdirj jxtrañm, Nabhj` Nrjw
Nrjw sm`äa njfhr, rjlhrèj
rjlhrèjbnmsj
bnmsj a è ` , " ¡V
¡Vuu tmquj
js `a dujrtj! pjrm è` jstaia du
duyy pmr jbfhda nj ttmnas
mnas `as dabhp
dabhpu`afhmbjs
u`afhmbjs
pasanass y prjsjbtjs. Njsn
pasana Njsnjj `ujom, njihö caijr shnm ub daom lhbab
lhbabfhjrm
fhjrm par
paraa
cafjr `m quj chzm; jsm js hbnunai`j. Frjm anhvhbar quj tjbäa ub nmb
jspjfha` para anaptarsj a `as bujvas fmbnhfhmbjs, y jstm jb ub mpjranmr
js a`om duy va`hmsm. È` varhaia sus dètmnms nj ataquj y njljbsa shb
vafh`ar, pmrquj `j prjmfupaia dás `a dabhpu`afhöb nj `a prmphjnan quj
`a jspjfu`afhöb fmb va`mrjs. È` dabhpu`aia para `a hbvjrshöb, bm para j`
ohrm nj djrfanm.
pmsjshöb Fmdprjbnhö
nj `ms ljrrmfarrh`js, ráphnadjbtj
y bm qujsu
jb dabhpu`ar j`s affhmbjs
sus nhbjrm jjstaia
staia jb `a
jb j` suj`m
nj `a im`sa. È`, pmr supujstm, uth`hzaia j` djrf
djrfanm
anm nj va`mrjs
va`mrjs.. Wjrm

99> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

smspjfcm quj `m cafäa pmrquj jra j` dmnm dás láfh` y ráphnm nj mitjbjr
nhbjrm, y è` bjfjshtaia dufcms dh``mbjs, a` houa` quj j` vhjem Fm``hs W.
Cubthbotmb, jstaia shjdprj
shjdprj afj`aranm, pmrquj bjfjshtaia vjhbtj m trjhbta
dh``mbjs dás nj `m quj `ms iabfms jstaiab nhspujstms a prjstar`j. @a
vhshöb shb nhbjrm, shobhlhfa ataqujs a` fmrazöb, fmb nhbjrm, shobhlhfa
fmbsjfufhöb nj `ms lhbjs; y jsm shoblhfa pmnjr; y j` pmnjr shobhlhfa
nhbjrm; y j` nhbjrm shobhlhfa fmbsjfufhöb nj `ms lhbjs; y ash sufjshvadjb
tj, uba y mtra vjz.
Wmr supujstm, `a dabhpu`afhöb bm jra prhvh`johm jxf`ushvm nj `as
orabnjs lhouras nj aquj``ms näas. ^adihèb `ms pjqujñms dabhpu`anmrjs
naiab a vjfjs jb `a nhaba. Yjfujrnm quj ub vhj
vhjem
em fmrrjn
fmrrjnmr,
mr, dj fmbt
fmbtöö uba
chstmr ha"J`
chstmrha rjljrjbtj
prhdjrarjfujrnm
`ms dmnmsfmbsfhjbtj
y a `a dmra`
qujnjtjbom
`m
`mss prhdjrms
nj _a``añms <7.jsNhem5
Vtrjjt dh
prhdjra vhshta a` nhstrhtm lhbabfhjrm. Dh panrj tjbäa a`oubms bjomfhms a``ä, y
pmr a`ouba razöb, dj ``jvö fmb è`. @`joadms a Ir Irmanway
manway y ohradms jb
_a`` Vtrjjt. Fadhbadms pmr _a`` Vtrjjt, y eustm fuabnm ``joadms a
Irman Vtrjjjt, m dás ihjb , a Bassau Vtrjjt, cafha `a jsquhba nmbnj sj
jbfujbtra j` jnhlhfhm nj `a iabfa nj ^rust Fmdpaby, vh uba orab du`thtun
nj ojbtj quj sjouäa a nms cmdirjs. J` prhdjrm fadhbaia cafha j` jstj,
tratabnm nj aparjbtar njsprjmfupafhöb.
njsprjmfupafhöb. @j sjouäa
sjouäa j` mtrm, ub cmdirj ffmbmb
`a fara smbrmeana, quj aohtaia su smdirjrm lurhmsadjbtj fmb uba dabm,
dhjbtras
½Fuá` js aohtaia
j` prjfhmj` nj`
mtrmnhbjrm=
puñm jb¡Vcy`mfk!¡Vcy`mfk!"
j` ahrj. Orhtaia5 ¡Vcy`mfk!¡
pmnäa vjrVcy`mfk!
faijzas
asmdábnmsj a `as vjbtabas. Jb aquj``ms thjdpms bm tjbäab rasfafhj`ms,
pjrm jstmy
jstmy sjourm nj quj `a chstmrha ``joö a` fhj`
fhj`m.
m. Dh panrj prjoubtö què
jstaia sufjnhjbnm, y a`ouhjb `j fmbtjstö a`om quj bm punj mhr, jstaia
njdashanm mfupanm tratabnm nj aljrrardj a `a dabm nj dh panrj, para
quj `a du`thtun bm bms sjparara. @a du`thtun jra fana vjz daymr, ta` y
fmdm sufjnj shjdprj. Njsnj Bassau Vtrjjt, Irman Vtrjjt y njsnj tmnms
`ms `uoarjs vjbäab cmdirjs fmrrhjbnm, fmb `ms mems nj jxprjshöb azmrana.
Fuabnm lhba`djbtj fmbsjouhdms sa`hr nj` atasfm, dh panrj dj jxp`hfö
quj j` cmdirj quj orhtaia "Vcy`mfk"jstaia asä asä. Cj m`vhnanm su
bmdirj, pjrm jra j` daymr mpjranmr nj `a fhunan, y sj njfäa quj caiäa
oabanm y pjrnhnm dás nhbjrm quj banhj jb jb _a
_a```` Vtrjjt, fmb `a jxfjpfhöb
nj Eafmi @htt`j. Yjfujrnm j` bmdirj nj Eafmi @htt`j, pmrquj pjbsè quj
jra ub bmdirj duy orafhmsm. J` mtrm cmdirj, j` ta` Vcy`mfk, jra uba
jspjfhj nj ardarhm fabnanm ``jbm nj nhbjrm. ^adpmfm rjfujrnm su

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 99:

bmdirj. Wjrm rjfujrnm quj jra a`tm, nj`oanm y pá`hnm. Jb jsms näas, `ms
orupms sm`äab fabtar j` nhbjrm tmdábnm`m prjstanm, m dás ihjb rjnufhjb
nm `a fabthnan nhspmbhi`j para `ms prjstatarhms nj `a im`sa. @m tmdaiab
prjstanm y mitjbäab ub fcjquj fjrthlhfanm. Bm afmstudiraiab a rjthrar
j` nhbjrm y uth`hzar`m. Jstm, pmr supujstm, jra ub lraunj
lraunj.. Jb dh mphbhöb jra
uba lmrda nj dabhpu`afhöb. "
Jstmyy nj afujrnm fmb j` vhjem adhom. Jra uba lasj nnjj dabhpu
Jstm dabhpu`afhöb,
`afhöb,
quj bm tjbjdms jb `a aftua`hnan.
 SS
Xm bubfa cai`è fmb bhboubm nj `ms orabnjs dabhpu`anmrjs nj `ms
quj sj cai`a tmnaväa jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Bm dj rjlhjrm a `ms `änjrjs; dj
rjlhjrm a `ms dabhpu`anmrjs. ^mnms j``ms pjrtjbjfäab a ojbjrafhmbjs
abtjrhmrjs a `a däa, aubquj fuabnm vhbj a Bujva
Bujva Xmrk, pmr prhdjra vjz,
Eadjs Y. Kjjbj, j` dás orabnj nj tmnms, jstaia jb `a l`mr nj `a vhna. Wjrm
ym jbtmbfjs jra sö`m ub emvjbfhtm, prjmfupanm tab sm`m pmr nup`hfar, jb
uba mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej nj iujba rjputafhöb, j` èxhtm quj caiäa `moranm
jb `as "iufkjt scmp" nj dh fhunan bata`. X, anjdás, jb aquj``ms thjdpms
 Kjjbj jstaia mfupanm fmb `as affhmbjs nj Z.V. Vtjj`, su phjza dajstra
nj `a dabhph`afhöb,
dabhpu`afhöb, bhboõbymfmbmfhdhjbtm
bm tjbäa bhboõb
rja` njthpm nj jxpjrhjbfha
su va`mr jb `a
m shobhlhfanm, y
bhbouba orab bjfjshnan nj mitjbjr ta` fmbmfhdhjbtm. Vh js quj a`ouba
vjz pjbsè jb j``m,
j` `m, supmbom quj `m njiä misjrvar fmdm uba
uba lmrda j`joabtj
nj lraunj, quj ``jvaia a faim trufms tab sufhms fmdm `ms quj dj caiäab
euoanm jb `as Iufkjt- scmps. ^a`js pjbsadhjbtms, jstaiab lubnanm
lubnanmss jb
fmbejturas y supmshfhmbjs; m jb anhvhbabzas, pjrm bm jb bhboõb thpm nj
abá`hshs hbtj`hojbtj.
Dás nj ub cmdirj nj `ms quj `j fmbmfhjrmb ihjb, dj ca nhfcm quj
Kjjbj jra j` mpjranmr dás va`hjbtj y irh``abtj nj tmnms `ms quj cab
traiaeanm
traiaeanm jb _a`` Vtrjjt. X njfhr jstm js njfhr dufcm, pmrquj ca caihnm
iastabtjs
rjyjs jb suorabnjs mpjranmr
mpjranmrjs.
näa, ¡rjyjs pmr ubjs. Vus@abmdirjs
näa! fhbt a `jssj
fhbta cabnjm`vhnanm,
safö pjrmcafäa
`a msfurhnan lujrm
lujäarmb
caf `ab
`uz nj `a lad
ladaa lhbabfhjra, pjrm j` papj` nj `a fhbta bm lu lujj sulhfhjbtjdjb-

99?

993 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

tj lujrtj fmdm para dabtjbjr`js jb jsa pmshfhöb nurabtj ub thjdpm
sulhfhjbtj, quj `js pjrdhthjra fmbvjrthrsj jb pjrsmbaejs chstörhfms.
Kjjbj luj, shb nuna, j` djemr dabhpu`anmr nj aquj``ms näas, y j` näa jb
quj rjhbö luj `arom y jxfhtabtj.
Faphta`hzöö su fmbmfhdhjbtm nj` eujom,
Faphta`hz euj om, su jxpjrhjbfha fmdm mpjranmr
y su ta`jbtm,
ta`jbtm , fuabnm vjbnhö sus sjrvhfhms a `ms cjrdabms Cavjdayjr, quj
qujräab quj njsarrm``ara ub djrfanm para `as affhmbjs nj Azõfar. Jb jsj
dmdjbtm jstaia jb `a iabfarrmta, nj mtrm dmnm dmnm cairäa sjouhnm mpjrabnm
a su dmnm; ¡jra ub vjrnanjrm apmstanmr! ^uvm èxhtm fmb j` azõfar;
fmbvhrthö sus affhmbjs jb `as lavmrhtas, y jstm chzm quj sj vjbnhjrab fmb
orab lafh`hnan. ^ras jstm,
jstm , luj rjqujrhnm uba y mtra vjz, para quj sj chfhjra
chfhjr a
farom
bubfa nj fmbsmrfhms.
phnhö Djuba
bh afjptö cabtarhla,
nhfcm quj
shbm jstas
quj mpjrafhmbjs nj fmbsmrfhm,
paoö sus affhmbjs fmdm
fua`quhjr mtrm dhjdirm nj` fmbsmrfhm. @a nhrjffhöb y fmbnuffhöb nj`
va`mr jb j` djrfanm, jstaia jxf`ushvadjbtj a su farom. A djbunm sj
cai`aia nj trahfhöb, jb adims `anms. Vu jbjdhstan fmb j`j` orupm Yyab
Yyab luj
`a fmbsjfujbfha nj ta`js afusafhmbjs. Bm js nhläfh` quj ub dabhpu`anmr
sj vja hbfmdprjbnhnm pmr partj nj sus asmfhanms. J``ms bm vjb sus
bjfjshnanjs nj` dhsdm dmnm quj è`. Jstm `m sè pmr jxpjrhjbfha prmpha.
Js uba pjba
pjba quj Kjjbj
Kjjbj bm njeara fmbstabfha nj su daymr cazaña,
j` èxhtm jb `a dabhpu`afhöb nj `as
`as affhmbjs nj Z.V. Vtjj` jb 1871.
1 871. Vjoõb
dh hblmrdafhöb, bubfa sj jbtrjvhstö fmb E.W. Dmroab
Dmroab para cai`ar nj j``m.
@a lhrda nj Dmroab mpjraia fmb, m a travès nj, ^a`imt E. ^ay`mr & Fm.,
jb fuya mlhfhba jstai`jfhö Kjjbj su fuartj` fjbtra`. ^a`imt ^ay`mr jra j`
chem pm`äthfm nj Kjjbj. Dj asjourab quj `a tarhla quj rjfhiäa Kjjbj pmr
su traiaem fmbshstäa jb j` p`afjr njrhvanm nj` dhsdm. Js ihjb saihnm quj
mituvm dh``mbjs mpjrabnm jb j` djrfanm
djr fanm quj è` ayunm a pmbjr a` a`za
a`za jsa
prhdavjra. È` `j nhem
nhem a ub adhom däm quj, jb ubas pmfas sjdabas,
sjdabas , vjbnhö
jb j` djrfanm aihjrtm,
aihjrtm , para j` shbnhfatm nj asjouranmrjs,
asjouranmr js, dás nj shjtj dh`
quhbhjbtas affhmbjs. Bm jstá da`, sh tjbjdms jb fujbta nms fmsas; Quj
sj trataia nj va`mrjs bujvms, quj bm caiäab
caiäab shnm prmianms tmnaväa,
tmnavä a, quj
pjrtjbjfäab a uba fmrpmrafhöb fuya faphta`hzafhöb jra daymr quj tmna `a
njuna o`mia`
cmdirjs nj N.O.
fmdm `ms Jstanms
Yjhn, Zbhnms jb aquj``ms
_.I. @jjns, thjdpms; yDmmrj,
`ms cjrdabms sjoubnm, quj
Cjbry
Wchpps, C.F. Lrhfk y mtrms daobatjs nj` afjrm caiäab vjbnhnm tadihèb
fhjbtms nj dh`js nj affhmbjs a` põi`hfm, a` dhsdm thjdpm y jb j` dhsdm
djrfanm quj Kjjb caiäa ayunanm a frjar.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 998

Wmr supujstm, `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js jstaiab a su lavmr. J`
èxhtm sj a`chzm
tadihèb pmshi`j, ybm
sjbthdhjbtm sm`m orafhas
a` h`hdhtanm apmyma` lhbabfhjrm.
bjomfhm jb@mfmbfrjtm, shbm
quj tjbäadms
bm jra sö`m ub orab djrfanm a` a`za, shbm ub immd y ub jstanm djbta`
djbta` quj
bm jra duy prmiai`j quj tuvhèradms mtra vjz. J` pábhfm nj `as affhmbjs
hbnhojstas vhbm dás tarnj, fuabnm Vtjj`, quj Kjjbj caiäa cjfcm asfjb
njr casta :: jb 1871, sj vjbnhö a 17 jb 1876 y a 3 ?/3 jb 187>.
Bm pmnjdms aba`hzar `as fadpañas jspjfu`athvas nj Kjjbj. Bm
nhspmbjdms nj sus `hirms; bm jxhstj
j xhstj uba fmbstabfha prjfhsa y njta``ana nj
sus mpjrafhmbjs. Vjräa duy hbtjrjsabtj, pmr jejdp`m, vjr fmdm traiaeö
jb "Ada`oadatjn Fmppjr". C. C. Ymojrs y _h``had Ymfkjlj``jr caiäab
tratanm nj njscafjrsj nj sus jxfjnjbtjs jb j` djrfanm, pjrm bm `m
fmbshouhjrmb.
jb j` djrfanm,Lhba`djbtj,
y è` afjptö. phnhjrmb
afj ptö. Bm a Kjjbj
m`vhnjdms quj quj
C. C.`jsYmojrs
pushjrab
jra sus `äbjas
j` cmdirj
nj bjomfhms dás fapaz jb aquj``ms näas jb _a`` Vtrjjt y quj _h``had Ym-
fcjlj``jr jra j` jspjfu`anmr dás aunaz nj tmnm j` orupm nj Vtabnarn Mh`.
Wráfthfadjbtj, tjbäab ubms rjfursms h`hdhtanms, asä fmdm ub orab prjs
thohm y dufcms añms nj jxpjrhjbfha jb j` eujom nj` djrfanm. X, a pjsar
nj tmnm, tuvhjrmb quj rjfurrhr a Kjjbj. Djbfhmbm jstm para dmstrar
dmstrar quj
quj
a`oubas tarjas sö`m pujnjb sjr ``jvanas a faim pmr ub jspjfha`hsta.
jspjfha`h sta. Cj acä
ub va`mr duy sm`hfhtanm, apanrhbanm pmr `ms dás orabnjs faphta`hstas nj
Adèrhfa, y sö`m sj punm vjbnjr a fmsta nj ub orab safrhlhfhm nj nhbjrm
y prjsthohm. Ymojrs y Ymfkjlj``jr lujrmb `m iastabtj hbtj`hojbtjs fmdm
 para njfhnhr quj sö`m Kjjbj pmnäa ayunar`js.
Kjjbj sj pusm a traiaear nj hbdjnhatm. ^jbäa ub djrfanm a` a`za
jb j` quj traiaear y vjbnhö nmsfhjbtas vjhbtj dh` affhmbjs nj Ada`oada
tjn a `a par. ^ras njscafjrsj nj `a `äbja nj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr, j` põi`hfm
shouhö fmdprabnm y j` prjfhm suihö jb nhjz pubtms. Jb rja`hnan, `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr sj pushjrmb a`
a` a`za fmb j` dhsdm va`mr quj ccaiäab
aiäab vjbnhnm,
fuabnm vhjrmb j` ädpjtu fmb quj `m jstaia fmdprabnm j` põi`hfm. Cay
uba chstmrha quj nhfj quj Ymojrs afmbsjeö a Kjjbj pmbjrsj a `arom fmb
Ada`oadatjn. Bm js duy frjäi`j quj Ymojrs hbtjbtara njsfaroarsj a
fmsta nj Kjjbj. Jra tab `hstm fmdm para saijr quj Kjjbj bm jra hbojbum.
Kjjbj traiaeö ta` y fmdm `m caiäa cjfcm shjdprj, m sja, ``jvabnm a faim
`a orab vjbta
supujstm, sus jb j` fadhbm nj
dmvhdhjbtms nj njsfjbsm pmstjrhmr
táfthfa jstaiab a `a orab
nhrhohnms pmr suihna. Wmr
sus bjfjsh
nanjs y pmr `as
`as fmrrhjbtjs djbmrjs quj fadihaiab nj näa jb näa.

9677
96 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, fmdm jb `a oujrra, js afmbsjeai`j tjbjr

shjdprj jb fujbta `a nhljrjbfha jbtrj jstratjoha y táfthfa.
Zbm nj `ms cmdirjs nj fmblhabza nj Kjjbj, ubm nj `ms djemrjs
pjsfanmrjs quj fmbmzfm, dj nhem j` mtrm näa quj nurabtj `a fadpaña nj
Ada`oadatjn, Kjjbj sj vhm ub näa fash shb bhbouba affhöb, m sja, shb
bhbouba nj `as affhmbjs quj sj caiäa vhstm mi`hoanm a tmdar a` tratar nj
j`jvar su prjfhm; y a` näa shouhjbtj vm`vhö a fmdprar dh`j
dh`jss nj affhmbjs.
affhmb js. J`
näa njspuès `as vjbnhö fmb ub iujb ijbjlhfhm. Njspuès njeaia j`
djrfanm fmdp`jtadjbtj sö`m, para vjr födm èstj fuhnaia nj sä dhsdm,
y para afmstudir
afmstudirar`j
ar`j a quj `m chfhjra. Fuabnm ``joö j` dmdj
dmdjbtm btm nj pmbjr
`a `äbja jb j` djr
djrfan
fanm,
m, chzm `m
` m quj ya cj nhfcm5
nhfc m5 `a vjbnhö jb j` njsfjbsm.
njsfjb sm.
J` põi`hfm quj mpjra jstá shjdprj a `a iõsqujna nj uba rjfupjrafhöb y,
anjdás, jstá tadihèb j` fuirhdhjbtm nj `ms fmrtms.
Zb cmdirj quj jstuvm duy fjrfa nj Kjjbj, nurabtj `a mpjrafhöb,
dj nhem quj njspuès nj quj Kjjbj vjbnhjra `a `äbja nj Ymojrs-Ymfkj-
lj``jr pmr uba fabthnan aprmxhdana a `ms vjhbtj m vjhbthfhbfm dh``mbjs nj
nö`arjs jb djtá`hfm, Ymojrs `j jbvhö ub fcjquj pmr nmsfhjbtms dh`
nö`arjs. Jstm rjfujrna a `a jspmsa nj` dh``mbarhm quj nhm a `a jdp`jana
nj `a `hdphjza nj` Djtrmpm`htab Mpjra Cmusj, fhbfujbta fèbthdms nj
rjfmdpjbsa, pmr jbfmbtrar su fm``ar nj pjr`as nj fhjb dh
dh`` nö`a
nö`arjs.
rjs. Kjjbj
`js njvm`vhö j` fcjquj eubtm fmb uba bmta duy atjbta jb `a quj njfäa quj
è` bm jra ub fmrrjnmr nj im`sa, y quj jstaia sathsljfcm nj caijr`js shnm
õth`. J``ms sj qujnarmb fmb j` fcjquj, y `j jsfrhihjrmb nhfhjbnm quj
jstaräab jbfabtanms nj traiaear nj bujvm fmb è`. ¡Luj pmfm thjdpm
njspuès nj jstm, fuabnm C. C. Ymojrs nhm a Kjjbj j` adhstmsm fmbsjem
nj fmdprar Ada`oadatjn a 167!
¡Zb irh``abtj mpjranmr, Eadj
¡Zb Eadjss Y. Kjjbj!
Kjj bj! Vu sjfrjtarha dj nhem, quj
fuabnm j` djrfanm hia a su lavmr Dr. Kjjbj jra nj `m dás hrasfhi`j; y `ms
quj `j fmbmfhjrmb
fmbmf hjrmb nhfjb quj jstj da` cudm
cudmrr `m jxprjsaia jb lrasjs hröbhfas,
quj pjrdabjfäab
pjrdabjfäa b oraianas nurabtj dufcm
duf cm thjdpm jb `a djbtj nj `ms quj
`j mäab. Wjrm fuabnm hia pjrnhjbnm, su cudmr jra hbdjemrai`j, ub orab
cmdirj nj dubn
dubnm,m, aoranai`j,
aoranai`j , jphora
jphoradáthfm
dáthfm,, hbtjrjsabtj.
^jbäa, jb oranm supjr`athvm, `as fua`hnanjs hbtj`jftua`js asmfha
nas jb tmnas partjs a `ms jspjfu`anmrjs nj èxhtm. Js mivhm quj bubfa
nhsfutäa fmb `a fhbta. Js fhjrtm quj bm tjbäa dhjnm, pjrm bubfa luj
hdprunjbtj. Vh njsfuiräa quj jstaia jquhvmfanm, rjfthlhfaia su pmshfhöb
jb ub airhr y fjrrar nj mems.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 961

Njsnj aquj` thjdpm, ca caihnm tabtms fadihms jb `as bmrdas nj`
djrfanm nj va`mrjs, tabtas pujstas jb vhomr nj `as vhjeas bmrdas, tabtms
hdpujstms
hdpujs tms ap`hfai`js a `as vjbtas nj `ms va`mrjs, y a `ms ijbjlh
ijbjlhfhms
fhms mitjbhnms
nj `ms dhsdms, jtf. quj j` eujom
eu jom parjfj nhljrjbtj.
@ms rjfursms quj Kjjbj pmnäa uth`hzar fmb caih`hnan y èxhtm, bm sj
pmnräa
pmn räabb uth`hzar ya. Anjdás, y nj jsm jstadms sjourms, `a dmra`hnan jb _a``
Vtrjjt, sj jbfujbtra acmra
acmra jb ub p`abm dás a`tm. Nj tmnms dmnms, frjm quj
js eustm alhrdar quj jb fua`quhjr pjrhmnm nj bujstra chstmrha lhbabfhjra,
Kjjbj cairäa shnm ub orab dabhpu`anmr, pmrquj jra ub orab mpjranmr nj
im`sa y fmbmfäa
fmbmfäa j` eu
eujom
jom nj `a jspjfu`afhöb pa`dm a pa`dm. Mituvm tmnms
sus `morms pmr `as fmbnhfhmbjs nj aquj` thjdpm quj `j pjrdhthjrmb
cafjr`m. Cairäa
C airäa tjbhnm j` dhsdm èxhtm jb sus mpjrafhmbjs jb 1899, quj
jb 1871 m jb 13?8, fuabnm ``joö pmr prhdjra vjz a Bujva Xmrk, njsnj
Fa`hlmrbha, y mituvm bujvj dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs jb nms añms. A`oubms
cmdirjs fadhbab dufcm dás njprhsa quj j` rjstm nj `a ojbtj. Fash
shjdprj smb `ms `änjrjs, bm hdpmrta `m quj fadihj j` dmnm nj abnar nj
`a ojbtj.
Nj cjfcm, j` fadihm bm js, nj bhboõb dmnm, tab ranhfa` fmdm ubm
sj `m hdaohba. @as rjfmdpj
rjfmdpjbsas
bsas bm ssmb
mb ta
tabb orabnjs, ya bm jxhstj j`
traiaem quj pmnräadms fmbshnjrar phmbjrm, pmr `m tabtm tadpmfm jxhstj
`a rjfmdpjbsa a nhfcm traiaem. Wjrm jb a`oubms aspjftms, `a dabhpu`a
fhöb js dufcm dás láfh` nj `m quj jra; jb mtrms aspjftms js dufcm dás
 nura nj `m quj jra jb `a èpmfa nj Kjjbj.

fhöb jsBm
j` cay
artjbhbouba nuna nj quj
nj `a pui`hfhnan `a pui`hfhnan
a travès js ub
nj `a fhbta. @aartj,
fhbtay `anjij
dabhpu`a
fmbtar
`a chstmrha quj j` dabhpu`anmr njsja quj `jab sus `jftmrjs. Fuabtm dás
fhjrta sja `a chstmrha, dás fmbvhbfjbtj sjrá, y fuabtm dás fmbvhbfjbtj
sja, dás njsarrm``ará j` artj nj `a pui`hfhnan. Wmr jejdp`m, cmy jb näa ub
dabhpu`anmr bm sm`m thjbj quj cafjr quj ub va`mr parjzfa lujrtj, tadihèb
thjbj quj cafjr quj sja lujrtj. Wmr `m tabtm, `a dabhpu`afhöb njij jstar
iasana jb prhbfhphms mpjrathvms sjourms. Jstm js `m quj chzm quj Kjjbj
lujra ub daravh``msm dabhpu`anmr; jra ub mpjranmr fmbsudanm.
@a pa`aira "dabhpu`afhöb" jstá jdpjzabnm a smbar da`. Bjfjshta
ub a`has. Frjm quj bm jxhstj bana tab dhstjrhmsm m trufanm jb `m rjljrjbtj
a` prmfjsm dhsdm
fabthnanjs, fuabnm
shjdprj thjbj pmr
y fuabnm, pmr supujstm,
miejtm `a vjbta
ta`js nj
ta`js ub va`mr jbbmorabnjs
mpjrafhmbjs vayab
afmdpañanas nj tjrohvjrsafhöb. Frjm quj bm cay bhbouba nuna rjspjftm

969 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

a` cjfcm nj quj ub dabhpu`anmr , bjfjsarhadjbtj, iusfa a sus fmdpra
nmrjs jbtrj
rjfupjrar
rjfupjr `ms jspjfu`anmrjs.
ar orabn
orabnjs Vjfaphta`,
js fabthnanjs nj nhrhoj ayaquj``ms cmdirjs quj
jstáb nhspujstms hbtjbtab
a fmrrjr dás
rhjsoms nj `ms bmrda`js. Bm dj na dufca `ásthda, aquj` cmdirj quj
saihjbnm jstm, fu`pa a `ms njdás nj su lrafasm jb j` hbtjbtm nj cafjr
nhbjrm láfh`. Js ub thpm duy hbtj`hojbtj fuabnm oaba. ¡Wjrm fuabnm
phjrnj nhbjrm, shjdprj smb
smb `ms mtrm
mtrmss `ms tradpmsms; `ms dabhpu`anmrjs!.
Jb ta`js dmdjbtms y vhbhjbnm nj ta`js `aihms, `a pa`aira fmbbmta j` usm
nj fartas darfanas. Wjrm jstm bm js asä.
Ojbjra`djbtj, j` miejtm nj `a dabhpu`afhöb js njsarrm``ar `a fa
pafhnan nj djrfanm, m sja, `a fapafhnan nj njscafjrsj nj ub bõdjrm
fmbshnjrai
fmbshnjrai`j
dmdjbtm. `j nj affhmbjs
affhmbjs,, a ub njtjrdhb
njtjrdhbanm
anm prjfhm y jb ub njtjrdhbanm
Wmr supujstm, ub fmbsmrfhm, njihnm a ub ohrm jb `as fmbnhfhmbjs
ojbjra`js nj` djrfanm, sj pujnj sjbthr hbfapaz nj vjbnjr, a djbms nj
cafjr`m fmb ub safrhlhfhm quj pujnj bm rjsu`tar bana orathlhfabtj.
Jbtmbfjs, pujnjb njfhnhr jdp`jar ub prmljshmba`, fmb `a frjjbfha nj quj
su caih`hnan y su jxpjrhjbfha `j fapafhtab para nhrhohr uba rjthrana a
thjdpm, jb vjz nj sulrhr uba tjrrhi`j njrrmta.
Misjrvará quj bm cai`m nj `a dabhpu`afhöb nhrhohna a mitjbjr uba
fmbshnjrai`j afudu`afhöb nj affhmbjs `m dás iaratas pmshi`j, fmdm pmr
jejdp`m,
jb näa. jb `a fmdpra para
para j` fmbtrm
fmbtrm`,`, jstm bm mfurrj duy a djbunm cmy
cmy
Fuabnm Eay Omu Omu`n
`n njsjaia asjourar su fmbtrm` nj _jstjrb
Zbhmb y njfhnhö fmdprar ub j`jvanm bõdjrm nj affhmbjs, _aschbotmb
J. Fmbbmr, quj bm caiha shnm vhstm jb j` parquè nj `a im`sa nurabtj añms,
apjrjfhö jb pjrsmba nj dmnm rjpjbthbm jb j` Wmstj nj _jstjrb Zbhmb.
Fmdjbzö a apmstar pmr _jstjrb Zbhmb. @ms mpjranmrjs sj rhjrmb , nj d
jstuphnjz a` frjjr`j tab shdp`j, y `j vjbnhjrmb fmb orab abhdafhöb tmnms
`as affhmbjs quj è` qujräa fmdprar. Jra ub trufm njdashanm shdp`j,
pjbsar quj punm cafjr quj j` prjfhm asfjbnhjra aftuabnm fmdm sh Dr.
Omu`n quhshjra fmdprar _jstjrb Zbhmb. ½Luj jsm dabhpu`afhöb= Frjm
quj sm`m pujnm rjspmbnjr nhfhjbnm "¡Bm; y sä!.
Jb `a daymräa nj `ms fasms j` miejtm nj `a dabhpu`afhöb js, fmdm ya
nhej, vjbnjr j` va`mr a` põi`hfm, a` djemr prjfhm pmshi`j. Bm js sö`m
fujsthöb nj vjbnjr, shbm nj nhstrhiuhr. Mivhadjbtj, js dufcm dás
fmbvjbhjbtj quj ub va`mr jstè jb dabms nj dh` pjrsmbas, y bm jb dabms

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 966

nj ub sö`m cmdirj, dufcm dás fmbvjbhjbtj para j` djrfanm. Asä, ub
dabhpu`anmr bm njij fmbshnjrar tab sö`m `a vjbta a ub iujb prjfhm, shbm
tadihèb j` faráftjr nj `a nhstrhiufhöb .
Bm thjbj bhboõb sjbthnm tratar nj quj ub prjfhm suia casta ub bhvj`
duy a`tm, sh bm sj pujnj hbnufhr a` põi`hfm a quj `m fmdprj dás tarnj.
Vhjdprj quj `ms
`ms dabhpu`anm
dabhpu`anmrjs
rjs hbjxpjrtms
hbjxpjrtm s trata
tratabb nj njsfa
njsfaroarj
roarjbb `a fudirj
y lrafasab, `ms dás jxpjrtms
jxpjrt ms tj nhfjb quj pujnjs
pujn js ``jvar a ub faia``m a` aoua
pjrm bm `j pujnjs cafjr ijijr. ¡Mrhohba`js nhai`h``
nhai`h``ms!
ms! Nj cjfcm
cjfcm,, js rjfm
djbnai`j
djbn ai`j rjfmrnar uba rjo`a nj dabhpu`
dabhpu`afhöb
afhöb,, uba rjo`a quj Kjjbj y su suss
prjnjfjsmrjs fmbmfäab duy ihjb. Js èsta5 @ms va`mrjs sj dabhpu`ab
casta j` pubtm dás a`tm pmshi`j, y njspuès sj vjbnjb a` põi`hfm jb j`
njsfjbsm.

Fmdjbfjdms pmr j` prhbfhphm. Vupmboadms quj cay a`ouhjb, ub

shbnhfatm nj sjourms, m ub fmbsmrfhm, m ubm hbnhvhnua`, quj thjbj ubms
va`mrjs quj njsja vjbnjr a` djemr prjfhm pmshi`j. Jb `a Im`sa nj Bujva
Xmrk sj fmthza a ub prjfhm iastabtj iaem. J` djemr `uoar para vjbnjr`m
njijräa sjr j` djrfanm aihjrtm, y j` djemr fmdpranmr njijräa sjr j`
põi`hfm jb ojbjra`. @as bjomfhafhmbjs para `a vjbta jstáb a farom nj ub
cmdirj. È`, m a`oõb asmfhanm, ca hbtjbtanm vjbnjr shb èxhtm jb Im`sa. Vh
js quj bm `m jstá ya, duy prmbtm
prmbt m jstará sulhfhjbtjdjbtj
sulhfhjb tjdjbtj ladh`harhzanm fmb
`as mpjrafhmbjs nj` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, fmdm para fmdprjbnjr, quj
bjfjshta dás jxpjrhjbfha y apthtun para j` traiaem nj `a quj è` pmsjj.
 Fmbmfj pjrsmba`djbtj, m pmr rjljrjbfhas, a varhms cmdirjs quj cab
tjbhnm èxhtm jb
prmljshmba`. mpjrafhmbjs
Iusfa a ubm njparjfhnas
parj fhnas,
j``ms, ta`, yynjfhnj
fmdm ava`arsj
iusfaräa fmb
a ubsudènhfm
caih`hnan
sh
jstuvhjra jbljrdm m a ub hbojbhjrm sh bjfjshtara jsj thpm nj jxpjrtm.
Vupmb oa quj ca mhnm cai`ar nj dä fmd
Vupmboa fmdmm nj ub cmdirj quj fmbmfj
j` eujom
euj om.. Ihjb, afjptm quj hbtjbtj njsfuir
njsfuirhr
hr tmnm `m quj pujna afjrfa nj dä.
Njspuès, sm`hfhta uba jbtrjvhsta, y ``joanm j` dmdjbtm tj`jlmbja a dh
mlhfhba.
Wmr supujstm, `m dás prmiai
prmiai`j
`j js quj ym fm
fmbmzfa
bmzfa j` va`mr y `m quj
rjprjsjbta.
rjprjsjb ta. Js dh njijr saijr`m. \hvm nj jsm. Dh vhshtabtj dj nhfj `m quj
è` y sus asmfhanms njsjab cafjr, y dj phnj quj dj caoa farom nj `a
mpjrafhöb.
Jbtmbfjs ``joa dh turbm para cai`ar. Vm`hfhtm tmna `a hblmrda
hblmrdafhöb
fhöb quj
frjm bjfjsarha, para mitjbjr ub f`arm jbtjbnhdhjbtm
jbtjbnhdh jbtm nj `m quj sj dj phnj.
Jstm y `a `jftura nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs aftua`js, dj ayunab a cafjr uba

96> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jsthdafhöb nj `as prmiaih`hnanjs nj èxhtm jb `a mpjrafhöb quj sj dj ca

prmpujstm.
Vh dh hblmrdafhöb dj hbf`hba cafha ub rjsu`tanm lavmrai`j, afjptm
`a prmpmshfh
prmpmshfhöb
öb y `j nhom acä y jbtmbfjs fua`js sjráb `ms tèrdhb tèrdhbms
ms quj
rjqujrhrè pmr dhs sjrvhfhms. Vh è`, a su vjz, afjpta dhs tèrdhbms, `ms
cmbmrarhms y `as fmbnhfhmbjs, dj pmbom a traiaear nj hbdjnhatm.
Ojbjra`djbtj prjoubtm y rjfhim mpfhmbjs smirj `as affhmbjs. Hb
shstm jb quj `as mpfhmbjs oranuanas smb `as dás eustas para tmnms `ms
hdp`hfanms. J` prjfhm nj `a mpfhöb fmdhjbza ub pmfm pmr njiaem nj`
djrfanm rjhbabtj y `ujom suij; nhoadms, pmr jejdp`m, quj mitjbom
mpfhmbjs smirj ffhjb
hjb dh
dh`` affhmbj
affhmbjss y j` va`mr sj fmthza a >7
>7.. F
Fmdhj
mdhjbzm
bzm fmb
uba mpfhöb para a`oubms dh`js
dh`j s nj affhmbj
affhmbjss a 6:
6:,, mtra a 6?, mtra a >7
>7,, mtras
a >: y :7, y asä casta ``joar a ?:/37.
Vh fmdm rjsu`tanm nj` traiaem prmljshmba`, dh dabhpu`afhöb, j`
prjfhm suij, y sh jb j` bhvj` dás a`tm cay uba iujba njdabna nj` va`mr,
y pujnm vjbnjr uba iujba fabthnan nj affhmbjs, ym, pmr supujstm,
datjrha`hzm `a mpfhöb. Jstmy cafhjbnm nhbjrm; pjrm dhs f`hjbtjs tadihèb
jstáb cafhjbnm nhbjrm.
nhb jrm. Asä js fmdm njijräa nj sjrsjr.. Vh j``ms jstáb paoabnm
paoab nm
dh caih`hnan, njijb mitjbjr ub va`mr pmr j``m. Wmr supujstm, cay
mfashmbjs jb quj ub fmbsmrfhm jstá a pubtm nj sulrhr uba pèrnhna, pjrm
jstm bm sufjnj duy a djbunm, pmrquj ym, ojbjra`djbtj, bm dj caom
farom
mitjbjrnjuba
bhboõb traiaemJsj
oababfha. a djbms
añm bmqujtuvj
vja,tabta
f`aradjbtj,
sujrtj jbqujuba
sj mpujnj
nms
mpjrafhmbjs, y bm mituvj bhbouba oababfha. Cay a`oubas razmbjs, pjrm
èsa js mtra chstmrha quj quhzás fujbtj dás tarnj.
J` prhdjr pasm, jb ub dmvhdhjbtm a` a`za nj ub va`mr, js abubfhar
j` cjfcm nj quj jxhstj ub dmvhdhjbtm a`fhsta jb lubfhmbadhjbtm. Vujba
tmbtm ½vjrnan=. Ihjb, phjbsj ub dmdjbtm. Bm js tab tmbtm fmdm parjfj
½a què bm= J` dmnm dás jljfthvm nj abubfhar `m quj, jb jljftm, smb tus
cmbmrai`jss hbtjbfhmb
cmbmrai`j hbtjbfhmbjs
js js cafjr quj j` va`mr sja
sja afthvm y lujrtj. N
Njspuès
jspuès
nj tmnm `m quj sj ca nhfcm y cjfcm, j` djemr aojbtj pui`hfhtarhm nj`

cafj la`ta cafjr `htjratura para dhs f`hjbtjs. Bm tjbom quj hblmrdar aBm
dubnm js j` prmbmsthfanmr, y j` djemr djnhm pui`hfhtarhm `a fhbta.
`a
prjbsa nharha nj` va`mr nj `as affhmbjs m rjvhsar `as rjvhstas lhbabfhjras
jb iusfa nj bmthfhas smirj `as pjrspjfthvas nj `a jdprjsa. ^adpmfm
tjbom quj cafjr ub ssjouhd
jouhdhjbtm.
hjbtm. Fmbshom tmnas jstas fmsas tab a`tadjbtj
njsjai`js, cafhjbnm quj j` va`mr sja afthvm. Fuabnm cay afthvhnan, sj na

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 96:

uba shbfrmbhzana njdabna nj jxp`hfafhmbjs; y jstm shobhlhfa, pmr

supujstm, quj `as razmbjs bjfjsarhas para `a pui`hfafhöb, sj aiastjfjb
sm`as, shb bhbouba ayuna pmr dh partj.
@a afthvhnan js `m quj phnjb tmnms `ms mpjranmrjs nj` parquè.
Fmdprarab
Fmdprar ab m vjbnjráb fua`quhjr
fua`qu hjr va`mr a fua`quhjr bhvj`, sh js quj cay ub
djrfanm `hirj para j``m. @`jvaráb a faim mpjrafhmbjs jb dh`js nj
affhmbjs shjdprj y fuabnm vjab afthvhnan, y su fapafhnan o`mia` js
fmbshnjrai`j. Vufjnj quj fmbsthtuyjb j` prhdjr orupm nj fmdpranmrjs
nj` dabhpu`anmr. ^j sjouhráb nurabtj tmnm j` asfjbsm y, pmr `m tabtm,
sjráb nj orab ayuna jb tmnas `as jtapas nj `a mpjrafhöb. Frjm quj Eadjs
Y. Kjjbj sm`äa uth`hzar a `ms mpjran
mpj ranmrj
mrjss nj sa`a dás afthvms,
afthv ms, pmrquj
pmrqu j fmb
j``m jvhtaia `a dabhpu`afhöb, y pmrquj anjdás saiäa quj èstms jrab `ms
djemrjs jxpabnhnmrjs nj bjomfhms y `ms djemrjs nhstrhiuhnmrjs nj
prmbösthfms.
A djbunm `js naia mpfhm
mpfhmbjs
bjs vjria`js,
vjria`js , smirj j` djrfanm,
djrfan m, para quj
j``ms punhjrab cafjr a`oõb traiaem prmvjfcmsm abtjs nj quj è` `m
fmbvhrthjra jb nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm.
djtá`hfm . Cafäa quj mituvhjrab oababfhas. Wara
fmbsjouhr ub sjouhdhjbtm prmljshmba`, ym bubfa cj tjbhnm quj cafjr
bana dás quj fmbsjouhr quj ub va`mr lujra afthvm. @ms mpjranmrjs bm
phnjb dás. Wmr supujstm, cay quj rjfmrnar quj jstms prmljshmba`js nj`
parquè nj `a Im`sa fmdprab affhmbjs fmb `a hbtjbfhöb nj vjbnjr`as fmb
 uba oababfha. Bm hbshstjb njdashanm jb quj sja uba orab oababfha; pjrm
njij sjr uba oababfha ráphna.
Wmr `as razmbjs quj ya cj jxpujstm, caom quj j` va`mr sj vuj`va
afthvm para ``adar `a atjbfhöb nj `ms jspjfu`anmrjs
jspjfu` anmrjs.. @m fmdprm
fmdprm,, `m vjbnm
y `ms mpjranmrjs jspjfu`athvms aftõab jb fmbsjfujbfha. @a prjshöb nj
vjbta bm thjbnj a sjr duy lujrtj, fuabnm ub cmdirj thjbj ub stmfk
a`dafjbanm nj uba lmrda tab jspjfu`athva fmdm ym. Wmr `m tabtm `a
fmdpra jstá pmr jbfhda nj `a vjbta, y j` põi`hfm shouj a` `änjr, quj bm js
j` dabhpu`anmr, shbm `ms mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a. J` põi`hfm jbtra jb j`
eujo
eu jomm fm
fmdm
dm fm
fmdp
dpra
ranm
nmr.
r. Yjsp
Yj spmb
mbnm
nm a js
jsta
ta a`ta
a` tadj
djbt
btjj njsj
nj sjan
anaa njda
nj dabn
bna,
a, m
sja, vjbnm j` va`mr nj lmrda jquh`hirana. Vh `a njdabna js `m quj njihjra
sjr, aismrijrá dás fabthnan nj affhmbjs nj `as quj ym afudu`è jb `as
prhdjras jtapas nj `a dabhpu`afhöb;
dabhpu`af höb; y fuabnm jstm pasj, vjbnjrèvjbnjr è j` va`mr
a fmrtm, m sja, tèfbhfadjbtj. Jb mtras pa`airas, vjbnm dás affhmbjs nj
`as quj rja`djbtj tjbom. Wara dä èsta js uba tèfbhfa pjrljftadjbtj
sjoura, ya quj, jb rja`hnan, jstmy vjbnhjbnm jb fmbtra nj dhs mpfhmbjs.

96< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Wmr supujstm, fuabnm `a njdabna nj` põi`hfm sj cafj djbms hbtjbsa, j`

va`mr njea nj ms,
Nhoadms,
Nhoad suihr. Jbtmbfjs
fjs, quj jspjrm.
jbtmbfjs,
jbtmb j` va`mr ca njeanm nj suihr. ^jbjdms abtj
bmsmtrms ub näa nèih`. J` djrfanm, jb su tmta`hnan pujnj njsarrm``ar uba
rjaffhöb, m a`oõb mpjranmr avhspanm pujnj pjrfhihr quj bm cay bhbouba
mrnjb nj fmdpra nj dh va`mr, jbtmbfjs `m vjbnj, y sus fmdpañjrms `j
shoujb. Wmr fua`quhjra quj sja `a razöb, dh va`mr fmdhjbza a njsfjbnjr
njsfjbnjr..
Ihjb, jbtmbfjs jdphjzm a fmdprar`m. @j nmy j` smpmrtj quj tmnm va`mr
njij tjbjr sh js quj jstá jb iujba rj`afhöb fmb sus prmphms patrmfhbanm
rjs. X `m quj js dás5 smy fapaz nj smpmrtar`m shb afudu`ar`m, m sja, shb
hbfrjdjbtar `a fabthnan quj tjbnrè quj vjbnjr dás anj`abtj. Misjrvj
quj caom tmnm jstm shb quj nhsdhbuyab dhs rjfursms lhbabfhjrms. Wmr
supujstm, `m quj jb rja`hnan jstmy cafhjbnm js pmbjr j` va`mr a fuihjrtm.
J` va`mr quj vjbnä a fmrtm a prjfhms dás a`tms fuabnm `a njdabna nj`
põi`hfmm m nj `ms mpjran
põi`hf mpj ranmrj
mrjs,
s, m nj adims, dj nhm `a mpmrtubh
mpmr tubhnan
nan nj
cafjr`m. Vhjdprj js iujbm njear f`arm abtj `ms mpjranmrjs, y abtj j`
põi`hfm tadihèb, quj `a njdabna nj` nj` va`mr jstá njsfjbnhjbn
njsfj bnhjbnm.
m. Jstm
thjbnj a `a tjdjrarha vjbta a fmrtm, pmr partj nj `ms prmljshmba`js, y `a
`hquhnafhöb nj `ms asustanms prmphjtarhms, quj js `a vjbta quj sj prmnufj,
ojbjra`djbtj, fuabnm ub va`mr fmdhjbza a njih`htarsj nj lmrda prmorj
shva quj js, a `a vjz, `m quj j` va`mr suj`j cafjr fuabnm bm thjbj smpmrtj.
Jstas fmdpras nj pujsta a fuihjrtm quj ``jvm a faim, fmbsthtuyjb `m quj
ym njbmdhbm prmfjsm nj jstaih`hzafhöb.
A djnhna quj j` djrfanm sj va adp`habnm, ym vjbnm affhmbjs jb
j` asfjbsm, pjrm bubfa `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm para fmblhrdar j` asfjbsm. Js
mivhm quj fuábtas dás affhmbjs vjbna jb ub asfjbsm razmbai`j y mrnj
banm,, dás abhdarè a `ms
banm `ms jspjfu`anmrjs
jspjfu `anmrjs fmbsjrvanmrjs,
fmbsj rvanmrjs, quj smb dás bu
djrmsms quj `ms tjdjrarhms mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a;y anjdás tjbnrè dás
fapafhnan nj prmpmrfhmbar smpmrtj a` va`mr nurabtj `ms hbjvhtai`js näas
nèih`js. Jstabnm a fmrtm jb tmnm dmdjbtm, jstmy shjdprj jb shtuafhöb nj
prmpmrfhmbar smpmrtj a` va`mr shb pj`horm para dä. Fmdm bmrda, nmy
fmdhjbzm a `a vjbta a ub prjfhm quj dj prmpmrfhmbj ub ijbjlhfhm. Wjrm
jb dufcas mfashmbjs vjbnm shb mitjbjr ijbjlhfhm, shdp`jdjbtj para
frjar m hbfrjdjbtar `m quj ym njbmdhbm dh pmnjr nj fmdpra shb rhjsom.
Dh bjomfhm bm fmbshstj tab sm`m jb cafjr quj j` prjfhm suia m jb vjbnjr
ub j`jvanm bõdjrm nj affhmbjs para ub f`hjbtj, shbm tadihèb jb mitjbjr
nhbjrm para dä dhsdm. Jsa js `a razöb pmr `a quj ym bubfa phnm a dhs

Yjfujrnms nj
n j ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 96?
f`hjbtjs quj lhbabfhjb dhs mpjrafhmbjs. Dh tarhla jstá jb rj`afhöb fmb dh
èxhtm.
Wmr supujstm, `m quj cj njsfrhtm bm js uba tèfbhfa hbvarhai`j. Bh
tjbom bh dj anchjrm a ub shstjda hbl`jxhi`j. Dmnhlhfm dhs tèrdhbms y dhs
fmbnhfhmbjs nj afujrnm a `as fhrfubstabfhas.
Fuabnm sj njsja nhstrhiuhr
nhstrhiu hr ub va`mr, sj `j njij dabhpu`ar prhdjrm
casta j` pubtm dás a`tm pmshi`j y vjbnjr`m njspuès. Yjphtm jstm pmrquj
js lubnadjbta` y pmrquj
pmrq uj aparjbtjdjb
apar jbtjdjbtjtj j` põi`hfm phjbsa
p hjbsa quj `a fmdpra
sj prmnufj
prmnu fj shjdprj jb j` pubtm dás a`tm. A`oubas
A` oubas vjfjs
v jfjs ub va`mr sj pujnj
qujnar jstabfanm, m sja; bm suij. Jstj js j` dmdjbtm aprmphanm para
vjbnjr.. Batura`djb
vjbnjr Batu ra`djbtj,
tj, j` prjfhm njsfjbnjrá
njsfj bnjrá a fausa nj `a vjbta dufcm
dufc m dás
nj `m quj njsjas, pjrm shjdprj pujnjs cafjr quj vuj`va a suihr. Dhjbtras
j` va`mr quj jstè dabhpu`abnm shoa asfjbnhjbnm, a fausa nj dh fmdpra,
jstmy jb `a sjourhnan nj quj vmy jb j` iujb fadhbm, y sh cafj la`ta `m
fmdprm fmb tmna sjourhnan y uth`hzm dh prmphm nhbjrm shb dhjnm, nj`
dhsdm dmnm quj fmdpraräa fua`quhjr mtrm va`mr quj aftuara nj` dhsdm
dmnm. Js `a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha. Vjouradjbtj rjfmrnará dhs
tjmräas afjrfa nj jsa `äbja. Ihjb, fuabnm `a `äbja nj prjfhm nj djbmr
rjshstjbfha jstá ya jstai`jfhna, ym `a shom. Bm pmrquj jstè dabhpu`abnm
jstj njtjrdhbanm va`mr jb jsj parthfu`ar dmdjbtm, shbm pmrquj smy
mpjranmr nj affhmbjs jb tmnm dmdjbtm.
 Fuabnm dh fmdpra bm cafj quj j` va`mr suia njem nj fmdprar`m y
fmdhjbzm
fmdhjb zm a vjbnjr`m; y jsm, jxaftadjbtj,
jxaftad jbtj, js `m quj caräa fmb jsj dhsdm
va`mr sh bm `m jstuvhjra dabhpu`abnm. @m dás jsjbfha` nj `a pujsta jb
djrfanm nj ub va`mr, fmdm ya saij, sj cafj jb j` njsfjbsm.
njsfjb sm. Js tmta`djbtj
asmdirmsm, fmdprmiar `a fabthnan nj affhmbjs nj `as quj sj pujnj ub
cmdirj njscafjr jb ub njsfjbsm.
Yjphtm quj, jb bhboõb dmdjbtm, nurabtj `a dabhpu`afhöb, m`vhnm
quj smy ub mpjranmr nj va`mrjs. Njspuès nj tmnm, dhs prmi`jdas fmdm
dabhpu`anmr
dabhpu `anmr smb `ms
`ms dhsdms quj tjbom fmdm mpjranmr.
mp jranmr. ^mnm thpm nj da
bhpu`afhöb ``joa a su lhb fuabnm ub dabhpu`anmr bm pujnj cafjr quj ub
va`mr caoa `m quj è` quhjrj. Fuabnm j` va`mr, quj jstá dabhpu`abnm, bm
aftõa nj `a lmrda anjfuana, nèej`m. Bm nhsfuta fmb `a fhbta. Bm sj
jdpjñj jb rjfupjrar `ms ijbjlhfhms. Njear`m dhjbtras sj pujnj js
iujbm, y iaratm.
 SSH
Vmy duy fmbsfhjbtj nj quj tmnas jstas ojbjra`hnanjs bm smb njdashanm
hdprjshmbabtjs. @as ojbjra`hnanjs pmfas vjfjs hdprjshmbab
hdprjshmbab a banhj.
ban hj. Vjou
radjbtj tjbnrè dás èxhtm jb dh rj`atm sh nmy ub jejdp`m fmbfrjtm.
Fmbtarè födm chfj quj j` prjfhm nj ub va`mr suihjra 67 pubtms, afudu
`abnm tab sm`m shjtj dh` affhmbjs y njsarrm``abnm ub djrfanm quj cairäa
pmnhnm aismrijr
aismrijr fua`quhjr bõdjrm nj nj affhmbjs.
Vj trataia nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj`. J` va`mr `m caiäab jdhthnm pjrsmbas
nj orab rjputafhöb, y caiäa shnm prmbmsthfanm fmdm uba va`hmsa prmphj
 nan. A`rjnjnmr nj` 67 pmr fhjbtm nj` va`mr jstaia jbtrj j` põi`hfm ojbjra`
a travès nj varhas fasas nj _a`` Vtrjjt, pjrm bm caiäa caihnm bhboõb thpm
nj afthvhnan shobhlhfathva njspuès nj `a fm`mfafhöb. Nj vjz jb fuabnm
a`ouhjb prjoubtaia afjrfa nj`
nj` va`mr y a`ouhjb nj` hbtjrhmr, dhjdirm nj`
shbnhfatm asjouranmr, njfäa quj `as oababfhas nj `a fmdpañäa jrab
djemrjs nj `m quj sj caiäa jspjranm y `as pjrspjfthvas jrab dás quj
a`jbtanmras. Jstm jra iastabtj fhjrtm y duy iujbm casta quj nurö, pjrm
bm jxaftadjbtj jdmfhmbabtj. Bm caiäa bhboõb thpm nj atraffhöb jspj
fu`athva, y njsnj j` pubtm nj vhsta nj` hbvjrshmbhsta `a jstaih`hnan nj`
prjfhm y `a pjrdabjbfha nj` nhvhnjbnm jstaiab tmnaväa pmr njdmstrar .
Jra ub va`mr quj bubfa sj caiäa fmdpmrtanm nj dmnm sjbsafhmba`hsta.
Jra tab apafhouanm, quj bubfa cuim bhboõb asfjbsm quj fmrrmimrara `ms
hblmrdjs nj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr. Wjrm pmr mtrm `anm, j` prjfhm tadpmfm
njsfjbnäa.
Hdpjrha` Vtjj` pjrdabjfäa hobmranm, fmbtjbtm fmb sjr ubm nj jsms
va`mrjs quj bm iaeab pmrquj banhj vjbnj y quj banhj vjbnj pmrquj a

968

9>7

banhj `j ousta hr a fmrtm jb ub va`mr quj bm jstá ihjb nhstrhiuhnm; j`

vjbnjnmr jstá a djrfjn
djrfjn nj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr. Nj` dhsd
dhsdmm dmnm, bm cay bana
quj hbnuzfa a fmdprar nhfcm va`mr. Wmr `m tabtm, para j` hbvjrshmbhsta,
Hdpjrha` Vtjj` jra uba jspufu`afhöb. Wara j` jspjfu`anmr jra ub dujrtm,
ubm nj jsms quj cafj quj tj fmbvhjrtas jb jspjfu`anmr jb fmbtra nj tu
vm`ubtan, pmr j` shdp`j cjfcm nj jbtrar jb trabfj, jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj
tj pmbjs a `arom. Quhjb sj vja mi`hoanm a arrastrar ub fanávjr, nurabtj
ub añm m dás, phjrnj shjdprj a`om dás quj j` fmstj mrhohba` nj` nhlubtm;
jstá sjourm nj quj sj vjrá atanm a j``m, fuabnm sj frufj a`om iujbm jb su
fadhbm.
Zb näa, j` dhjdirm prhbfhpa` nj` shbnhfatm Hdpjrha` Vtjj`, aftuab
nm para säpara
djrfanm dhsdm y paranj`
j` va`mr, susfua`
asmfhanms, vhbm a vjrdj.
j``ms punhjrab Njsjaiab
fmbtrm`ar j` ?7%frjar ub
bm nhs
trhiuhnm. Qujräab quj ym vjbnhjra sus affhmbjs a ubms prjfhms djemrjs
nj `ms quj j``ms mitjbnräab sh trataiab nj vjbnjr`m jb j` djrfanm aihjrtm.
aihj rtm.
Qujräab saijr jb quj tèrdhbms dj caräa farom nj` traiaem.
@js nhej quj `js avhsaräa jb varhms nhas. Njspuès dj pusj a dhrar
j` fasm. ^jbäa jxpjrtms jb `ms nhvjrsms njpartadjbtms nj `a fmdpañäa,
hbnustrha`, fmdjrfha` y lhbabfhjrm. Dj nhjrmb ubms hblmrdjs hdparfha`js,
shb bhboõb thpm nj prjeuhfhm. Xm bm jstaia a `a iusfa nj `ms pubtms iujbms
y da`ms, sö`m iusfaia `ms cjfcms, `a rja`hnan, ta` y fmdm jra.
 @ms hblmrdjs
pjrspjfthvas dmstraiab
eusthlhfaräab quj jranj`
`as fmdpras ubava`mr
uba prmphjnan nj orab
a` prjfhm va`mr.jb@as
rjhbabtj j`
djrfanm, sh j` hbvjrshmbhsta jspjrara ub pmfm. Iaem jstas fhrfubstabfhas
ub asfjbsm jb j` prjfhm sjräa jb rja`hnan `m dás fmdõb y `m dás `joäthdm
nj tmnms `ms dmvhdhjbtms nj` djrfanm,
djrfanm , a saijr, j` prmfjsm nj bm tjbjr jb
fujbta j` luturm.
luturm. Wmr `m tabtm,
ta btm, bm caiha
c aiha razöb para quj bm punhjra cafjrdj
farom nj `a dabhpu`afhöb a`fhsta nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj`.
@js fmdubhquè `a njfhshöb quj caiäa tmdanm y j``ms ``adarmb a dh
mlhfhba para u`thdar njta``js. @js nhej fua`js jrab dhs fmbnhfhmbjs. Bm
qujräa nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm pmr dhs sjrvhfhms, shbm mpfhmbjs nj fmdpra jb
fäjb dh` affhmbjs nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj`. J` prjfhm nj `as mpfhmbjs nj fmdpra
asfjbnhö njsnj ?7 casta 177. Jstm a a`ouba a`oubass pjrsmbas `js pujnj parjfjr
uba tarhla njdashanm a`ta. Wjrm quhjb phjbsj asä njijräa fmbshnjrar quj
`ms nj` hbtjrhmr jstaiab sjourms nj quj j``ms bm pmnräab vjbnjr fhjb dh`
affhmbjs,, bh shquhjra fhbfujbta
affhmbjs fhbfujbt a ddh`h` affhmbjs a ?7. Bm caiäa djrfanm para
para
j` va`mr. ^mnms aquj``ms fmdjbtarhms smirj daravh``msas oababfhas y

9>1
jxfj`jbtjss pjrspjfthvas bm caiäab prmnufhnm fmdpranmrjs, a` djbm
jxfj`jbtj djbmss bm
jb uba fabthnan nhoba. Anjdás, ym bm pmnäa mitjbjr dh tarhla jb
djtá`hfm shb quj abtjs dhs f`hjbtjs oabarab a`oubms dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs.
Xm bm prjtjbnäa fmbsjouhr uba fmdhshöb nj vjbta jxmrihtabtj, shbm uba
tarhla fmbthbojbtj.
Vaihjbnm quj `as affhmbjs tjbäab ub va`mr rja` y quj `as fmbnhfh
fmbnhfhmm
bjs ojbjra`js nj` djrfanm jrab a`fhstas y pmr `m tabtm lavmrai`js a ub
avabfj jb tmnms `ms va`mrjs iuiujbms,
jbms, supusj quj `as fmsas dj hia
hiabb a sa`hr
ihjb. Dhs f`hjbtjs
f`h jbtjs sj abhdarmb a fausa nj `as mphbhmbjs quj ym jxprjsaia,
afjptarmb dhs fmbnhfhmbjs ráphnadjbtj, y `a mpjrafhöb fmdjbzö rmnja
na nj sjbthdhjbtms p`afjbtjrms.
Wrmfjnä a prmtjojrdj jb `a djnhna nj `m pmshi`j. J` shbnhfatm
pmsjäa, m fmbtrm`aia, a`rjnjnmr nj` ?7 pmr fhjbtm nj` va`mr a vjbnjr. @js
pjnä quj njpmshtarab su ?7 pmr fhjbtm iaem ub fmbtratm nj njpöshtm. Bm
qujräa sjr thjrra nj aimbm para `ms orabnjs affhmbhstas. Vh `a daymräa nj
`as affhmbjs jstaiab hbdmvh`hzanas, tmnaväa tjbäa ub 67 pmr fhjbtm nj`
va`mr para fmbshnjrar, pjrm jsj jra ub rhjsom quj njiäa fmrrjr.
@ms jspjfu`anmrjs jxpjrhdjbtanms bm jspjrab bubfa vjrsj hbvm
`ufranms jb avjbturas shb rhjsoms. Nj cjfcm, caiäa `a dhsda prmiaih`h
nan nj quj tmnas `as affhmbjs, quj bm jstaiab ia iaem
em j` fmbtratm nj
njpöshtm, lujrab `abzanas a` djrfanm nj ub sm`m om`pj, quj `a nj quj
 tmnms `ms asjouranms nj ubauba fmdpañäa nj sjourms nj vhna durhjrab a jsa
dhsda cmra, jsj dhsdm näa. Jxhstjb tai`as bm hdprjsas nj rhjsoms jb j`
djrfanm nj va`mrjs, asä fmdm nj `a dmrta`hnan cudaba.cudaba.
Caihèbnmdj prmtjohnm nj a`oubms nj `ms pj`horms jvhtai`js
jvhtai` js jb ub
ubaa
mpjrafhöb nj im`sa nj jsj thpm, jstaia prjparanm para fmdjbzar dh fad
paña. J` miejthvm nj èsta jra cafjr quj dhs mpfhmbjs anquhrhjrab va`mr.
Wara cafjr jstm njiäa cafjr quj j` prjfhm suihjra y njsarrm``ar ub
djrfanm jb j` quj punhjrab vjbnjr fhjb dh` affhmbjs, j` va`mr jb j` quj
dabtuvj mpfhmbjs.
@m prhdjrm quj tuvj quj cafjr luj avjrhouar fuabtas affhmbjs
pmnräab sa`hr a` djrfanm jb jb ub aasfjbsm.
sfjbsm. Jstm sj chzm láfh`djbtj a travès
nj dhs fmrrjnmrjs, quj bm tjbäab bhbouba nhlhfu`tan jb avjrhouar què
affhmbjs jstaiab a `a vjbta jb, m pmr jbfhda nj, j` djrfanm. Bm sj sh `ms
jspjfha`hstas
jspjfha`h stas `js nhe
nhejrmb
jrmb què örnjbjs tjbäab jb sus `hirms m bm. J` prjfhm
bmdhba` jra ?7, pjrm bm pmnräa caijr vjbnhnm bh uba sm`a affhöb a jstj
prjfhm. Bm tjbäa jvhnjbfha nj quj jxhsthjra, a` djbms, uba dmnjrana

9>9

njdabna a jsj
rj`afhöb fmb `mprjfhm,
quj djmcaiäab
hbf`usmavjrhouanm
ub pmfm pmrdhs
njiaem.
njiaem . ^jbäa Wjrm
fmrrjnmrjs. quj aftuar jb
jstm jra
sulhfhjbtj para dmstrardj quj caiäa dufcas affhmbjs jb vjbta y d duy
uy
pmfms njsjms nj fmdprar`as.
^ab prmbtm fmdm tuvj uba `äbja jb jstms pubtms, ym tmdè tmnas `as
affhmbjs quj jstaiab a `a vjbta a ?7, j hbf`usm dás a`tm. Fuabnm nhom
"ym" quhjrm njfhr dhs fmrrjnmrjs.
fmrrjnmrj s. @as vjbtas jstaiab pmr fujbta nj
a`oubms nj `ms affhmbhstas dhbmrhtarhms, pmrquj dhs f`hjbtjs, batura`
djbtj, caiäab fabfj`anm tmnas `as mrnjbas nj vjbta quj pmnräab caijr
nanm, abtjs nj hbdmvh`hzar j` va`mr.
Bm tuvj quj fmdprar dufcas affhmbjs. @m quj js dás, saiäa quj
j` avabfj anjfuanm trajräa mtras örnjbjs nj fmdpra, y, pmr supujstm,
tadihèb örnjbjs nj vjbta.
Bm nh a banhj prmbösthfms a`fhstas afjrfa nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj`. Bm
bjfjshtaia cafjr`m. Dh traiaem fmbshstäa jb iusfar j` dmnm nj hbl`uhr nj
lmrda nhrjfta jb j` sjbthdhjbtm, a travès nj` djemr thpm nj pui`hfhnan. Bm
nhom quj bm njihjra jxhsthr bubfa `a prmpaoabna a`fhsta. Js tab `joäthdm
y tab njsjai`j abubfhar `a fa`hnan nj ub bujvm va`mr, fmdm abubfhar `a
fa`hnan nj `a `aba, j` fa`zanm m `ms autmdövh`js
autm dövh`js.. J` põi`hfm
põi`h fm njij tjbjr uba
hblmrdafhöb
hblmrda fhöb prjfhsa y lhnjn
lhnjnhoba.
hoba. @m quj quhjrm njfhr js quj
qu j `a fhbta caiäa
cjfcm tmnm `m quj ym bjfjshtaia para a`fabzar dh prmpöshtm. Fmdm ya cj
nhfcm abtjs, `ms
jxp`hfafhmbjs parapjrhönhfms nj dmvhdhjbtms
`ms nhsthbtms rjputafhöb shjdprj tratab Vus
. Vmb bmthfha. nj pui`hfar
`jftmrjs
bm sö`m phnjb saijr `m quj mfurrj jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, shbm tadihèb
pmr què mfurrj. Wmr `m tabtm, abtjs nj quj j` dabhpu`anmr `jvabtj ub njnm,
`ms jsfrhtmrjs lhbabfhjrms cairáb hdprhdhnm tmna `a hblmrdafhöb y tmnms
`ms fmdjbtarhms quj tjboab a su a`fabfj,
a`fab fj, y cairáb aba`hzanm
aba`hzan m `ms hblmrdjs
hblmrdjs
smirj `ms ijbjlhfhms, `as fmbnhfhmbjs y `as pjrspjfthvas nj `a mpjrafhöb;
jb rjsudjb, fua`quhjr fmsa quj pujna nar ub pmfm nj `uz nj abtjdabm.
Vhjdprj quj ub pjrhmnhsta, m ub fmbmfhnm, prjoubta dh mphbhöb afjrfa
nj ub va`mr bm vafh`m jb jxprjsar`a. Bm nmy fmbsjems bh prmbösthfms nj
lmrda
lmrda vm`ubtarha, pjrm jb dhs mpjrafh
mpjrafhmbjs,
mbjs, bm mitjbom bhbo
bhbouba
uba oababfha
nj` cjfcm
cjfcm
nj quj nj dabtjbjr`as
j` djemr nj tmnms `msjbprmbmsthfanmrjs
sjfrjtm. A` dhsdm
js `athjdpm,
fhbta, j`dj nmy
nmy fujbta
fujb
vjbnjnmr ta
dás
pjrsuashvm js `a fhbta.
Fuabnm cuij aismrihnm tmnas `as affhmbjs quj jstaiab a `a vjbta,
a ?7, j hbf`usm ub pmfm pmr jbfhda, a`hvhè a` djrfanm nj jsa prjshöb, y

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9>6

batura`djbtj, jstm
Vtjj`, aparjfhjra nj chzm
lmrdaquj
lmrda `a para
f`ara `äbjaprmpöshtms
nj djbmrmmpjrath
rjshstjbfha
pjrathvms. nj uba
vms. Jra Hdpjrha`
`äbja
dabhlhjstadjbtj a`fhsta. Jb j` dmdjbtm jb quj `ms misjrvanmrjs mpjra
nmrjs nj` parquè pjrfhihjrmb jstm, supushjrmb quj j` va`mr hia a suihr, bm
saiäab casta quj bhvj`
bhvj`,, pjrm saiäab `m sulhfhjbtj fmdm para jdpjzar a
fmdprar. Xm rjspmbnä nj dmnm hbdjnhatm a su njdabna nj Hdpjrha`
Vtjj`, frjana tab sm`m pmr `a f`ara tjbnjbfha a`fhsta
a`fhs ta nj` va`mr, ¡j
¡j`` hbla`hirj
prmbösthfm
prmbö sthfm a`fhsta nj `a fhbta! \jbnä a `ms mpjranmrjs `as affhmbjs quj ym
caiäa fmdpranm a` prhbfhphm a `ms fabsanms affhmbhstas. Wmr supujstm,
``jvè a faim jsta vjbta nj ub dmnm euhfhms
euhf hmsm,
m, dj fmbtjb
fmbtjbtètè fmb cafjr lrj
lrjbtj
btj
a `a njdabna. Bm qujräa lmrzar a` va`mr para quj jbtrara jb j` djrfanm,
yshnm
tadpmfm
ub iujbqujräa qujvjbnjr
bjomfhm j` asfjbsm lujranj`njdashanm
`a dhtan ráphnm.
dhs fhjb dh` Bm cuihjra
affhmbjs jb jsa
jtapa nj `a mpjrafhöb. Dh traiaem fmbshstäa jb njsarrm``ar ub djrfanm jb
j` quj punhjra vjbnjr tmna `a `äbja.
Wjrm aubquj vjbnä tmnas `as affhmbjs quj `ms mpjranmrjs jstaiab
abshmsms pmr fmdprar,
fmdprar, j` djrfanm jstaia prhvanm, tjdpmra`djbtj, nj dh
pmnjr nj fmdpra, quj caiäa jejrfhnm casta jsj dmdjbtm lhrdjdjbtj. A su
njihnm thjdpm, `as fmdpras nj `ms mpjranmrjs fjsarmb y j` prjfhm nje
njeöö nj
asfjbnjr. ^ab prmbtm fmdm jstm mfurrhö fmdjbzö `a vjbta pmr partj nj
quhjbjs jstaiab a` a`za m pmr partj nj aquj``ms mpjranmrjs fuyas razmbjs
 para fmdprar njsaparjfhjrmb jb j` hbstabtj jb quj sj njtuvm `a tjbnjbfha
a`fhsta. Wjrm
fmdprar tmnasym`as
jstaia prjparanm
affhmbjs paravjbnhnm
quj caiäa jsta vjbta, y jb
a `ms j` njsfjb
njsfjbsm
mpjranmrjs sm
ub vm`vä
par nja
pubtms dás arrhia. Xm saiäa quj jstas affembjs sj hiab a vjbnjr a su
vjz,fuabnm sj njtuvhjra `a tjbnjbfha iaehsta, y fuabnm j` prjfhm njea njeara
ra
nj njsfjbnjr, njearäab nj ``joar `as örnjbjs nj vjbta.
Jbtmbfjs fmdjbfè nj bujvm mtra vjz. ^mdè tmnas `as affhmbjs
quj jstaiab a `a vjbta jb j` asfjbs
asfjbsm,
m, bm jrab dufc
dufcas,
as, y j` prjfhm fmdjbzö
a asfjbnjr pmr sjoubna vjz; njsnj ub pubtm nj parthna pmr jbfhda nj ?7.
Bm m`vhnj quj jb j` njsfjbsm cay dufcms affhmbhstas quj sj arrjphjbtjb
nj bm caijr vjbnhnm `as suyas, pjrm quj bm `as vjbnjráb trjs m fuatrm
pubtms a parthr nj` dáxhdm. Jstj thpm nj jspjfu`anmrjs shjdprj sj
prmdjtjb
örnjbjs nja vjbta
sh dhsdms vjbnjr`asyshnjspuès
jb j` asfjbsm, sj prmnufj uba nj
fadihab rjfupjrafhöb. Nab
mphbhöb fuabnm
fadiha `a tjbnjbfha nj` prjfhm nj` va`mr. Wmr supujstm, shjdprj cay
a`ouba tmda nj oababfhas pmr partj nj a`oubms ráphnms fmrrjnmrjs a

9>> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

quhjbjs `js ousta

uba oababfha quj euoar sjourm
sj njij y para quhjbjs uba oababfha js shjdprj
tmdar.
^mnm `m quj tuvj quj cafjr njspuès luj rjpjthr j` prmfjsm; fmd
prabnm y vjbnhjbnm nj lmrda a`tjrbathva; pjrm traiaeabnm shjdprj cafha
arrhia.
A`oubas vjfjs, tras tmdar tmnas `as affhmbjs a `a vjbta, j` prjfhm
sj prjfhphta cafha arrhia irusfadjbtj, nabnm `uoar a `m quj sj pmnräa nj
bmdhbar pjqujñas rálaoas a`fhstas jb j` va`mr quj sj jstá dabhpu`abnm.
Js uba jxfj`jbtj pui`hfhnan, pmrquj cafj quj sj cai`j nj j``m y pmrquj
atraj tabtm a `ms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js fmdm a jsa partj nj` põi`hfm
jspjfu`anmr a` quj `j ousta `a affhöb. Jstm js `m quj chfj jb Hdpjrha`
Vtjj`, y rjspmbnä a tmnas `as njdabnas quj sj prmnuejrmb orafhas a jstas
aohtafhmbjs. Dh vjbta shjdprj dabtuvm j` dmvhdhjbtm a`fhsta njbtrm nj
`ms `ädhtjs, tabtm jb jxtjbshöb fmdm jb vj`mfhnan. A` fmdprar jb j`
njsfjbsm y vjbnjr jb j` asfjbsm, jstaia cafhjbnm a`om dádáss quj cafjr quj
j` prjfhm suihjra5 Jstaia njsarrm``abnm `a "djrfaih`hnan" nj Hdpjrha`
Vtjj`.
^ras fmdjbzar dhs mpjrafhmbjs, bm cuim bubfa ub dmdjbtm jb
j` quj ub cmdirj bm punhjra fmdprar
fmdprar m vjbnjr
vjbnjr j` va`mr ffmb
mb tmna `hijrtan;
quhjrm njfhr fmb jstm; fmdprar m vjbnjr uba fabthnan razmbai`j shb
fausar l`uftuafhmbjs njdashanm vhm`jbtas jb j` prjfhm. Caiäa njsaparj
fhnm j` dhjnm a qujnarsj sjfm jb `m a`tm sh fmdpraia, m jstrueanm sh
vjbnäa. @a jxpabshöb oranua` jbtrj `ms prmljshmba`js y j` põi`hfm nj `a
frjjbfha jb `a pjrdabjbfha jb j` djrfanm nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj` tuvm dufcm
quj vjr fmb `a fmblhabza quj sj frjö jb j` dmvhdhjbtm; y pmr supujstm,
`a afthvhnan pusm tadihèb lhb
lhb a mtras dufcas miejfhmbjs. J` rjsu
rjsu`tanm
`tanm lu
lujj
quj, tras fmdprar y vjbnjr dufcms dh`js nj affhmbjs, fmbsjouä quj `as
affhmbjs sj vjbnhjrab a `a par. A fhjb nö`arjs `a affhöb, tmnm j` dubnm
qujräa fmdprar
fmdprar Hdpjrha` Vt
Vtjj`.
jj`. ½Wmr què bm= Acmra tmnms saiäab
saiäab quj jra
ub iujb va`mr; quj caiäa shnm y sjouäa shjbnm uba oaboa. @a prujia luj
j` asfjbsm. Zb va`mr quj pmnäa dmvjrsj trjhbtj pubtms a parthr nj ?7,
pmnäa dmvjrsj trjhbta dás a parthr nj `a par. Jstj jra j` razmbadhjbtm nj
dufcms.
Nurabtj j` thjdpm jb quj chfj quj `ms prjfhms suihjrab jsms trjhbta
pubtms afudu`è sm`adjbtj shjtj dh` affhmbjs. J` prjfhm jb jsta `äbja jra
nj uba djnha nj 3:. Jsm shobhlhfaia ub ijbjlhfhm nj quhbfj pubtms; pjrm
pmr supujstm, j` ijbjlhfhm tmta`, tmnaväa jb papj`, jra dufcm dás. Jra ub

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mp jranmr nj affhmbjs 9>:
ijbjlhfhm iastabtj sjourm, ya quj tjbäa ub djrfanm quj aismrijräa tmnm
`m quj ym quhshjra vjbnjr. J` va`mr sj vjbnjräa a ub prjfhm dás a`tm fmb
uba dabhpu`afhöb euhfhmsa y ym tjbäa mpfhmbjs nj fmdpra oranuanas jb
fhjb dh` affhmbjs fmdjbzabnm jb ?7 y tjrdhbabnm jb 177.
@as fhrfubstabfhas jvhtarmb quj ``jvara a faim fhjrtms p`abjs quj
caiäa hnjanm para fmbvjrthr dhs oababfhas, jb papj`, jb nhbjrm jb
djtá`hfm. Caiäa shnm uba iujba dabhpu`afhöb, jstrhftadjbtj `joäthda y
djrjfhnadjbtj pröspjra. @a prmphjnan nj `a fmdpañäa jra va`hmsa y j`
prjfhm dáxhdm nj` va`mr bm jra duy a`tm. Zbm nj `ms dhjdirms nj`
shbnhfatm mrhohba` tuvm j`
j` njsjm nj mitjbjr j` fmbtrm` nj `a prmphjnan, ub
prmdhbjbtj iabfm
iabfm fmb adp`hms rjfursms. Wmshi`jdjbtj, j` fmbtrm` nj uba
jdprjsa pröspjra y jb njsarrm``m fmdm Hdpjrha` Vtjj` Fmrpmrathmb js
dás va`hmsm para uba lhrda iabfarha quj para j` hbvjrshmbhsta hbnhvhnua`.
Jsta lhrda
lhrda dj chzm uba mlj
mljrta
rta nj fmdpra nj tmnas dhs affhmbjs nj` va`mr.
Jstm shobhlhfaia ub hdpmrtabtj ijbjlhfhm para dä, y `a afjptè hbdjnha
tadjbtj. Vhjdprj quj pujnm, jstmy nhspujstm a vjbnjr nj ub om`pj y fmb
ub iujb ijbjlhfhm. Jstaia iastabtj
iastab tj sathsljfcm nj `m quj caiäa fmbsjouhnm
fmb jstj bjomfhm.
Abtjs nj vjbnjr tmnas dhs mpfhmbjs nj fmdpra nj `as fhjb dh`
affhmbjs, supj quj jstms iabqujrms caiäab jdp`janm dás jxpjrtms para
``jvar a faim ub abá`hshs dufcm dás prmlubnm nj `a prmphjnan. Vus
 hblmrdjs lujrmb sulhfhjbtjs fmdm para quj dj chfhjrab `a mljrta nj
fmdpra. Dj qujnè varhms dh`js nj affhmbjs nj` va`mr para hbvjrthr. Frjm
jb j``m.
Bm caiäa bana jb dh dabhpu`afhöb nj Hdpjrha` Vtjj` quj bm lujra
bmrda` y sjourm. Dhjbtras j` prjfhm shouhö asfjbnhjbnm, a fausa nj dh
fmdpra, supj quj jstaia jb `m fhjrtm. Jstj va`mr bubfa sj jstabfö, ta` y
fmdm cafjb mtrms a`oubas vjfjs. Fuabnm njsfuirjs quj bm rjspmbnj
anjfuanadjbtj a tu fmdpra, ya bm bjfjshtas bhboõb mtrm prmbösthfm para
vjbnjr. Vaijs quj sh `as affhmbjs thjbjb ub va`mr jb j` djrfanm nj
va`mrjs y `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js smb
smb fmrrjft
fmrrjftas,
as, shjdprj pujnjs vm`vjr
a fmbsjouhr`as tras j` njsfjbsm, aubquj sja
sja jjbb trjhbta pubtms. Wjrm bm
tuvj quj cafjr bana asä fmb Hdpjrha` Vtjj`.

iáshfmsFuabnm dabhpu`m
nj mpjrafhöb. va`mrjs
Quhzás ustjnnbubfa
ustj phjrnm pmr
sj prjoubtj nj vhsta
què `ms prhbfhphms
què rjphtm èstm fmb
thbuadjbtj, m pmr què pmbom tabtm èblashs jb j` cjfcm nj quj bubfa
nhsfutm fmb `a fhbta m phjrnm j` fmbtrm` nj dhs bjrvhms a fausa nj` fmd-

9>< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

pmrtadhjbtm nj` djrfanm. Zstjn njij pjbsar, ½m bm=, quj `ms cmdirjs
hbtj`hojbtjs quj cab oabanm dh``mbjs fmb sus prmphms bjomfhms y,
anjdás, cab mpjranm fmb èxhtm jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs, njijb sjr
fmbsfhjbtjs nj `a saihnuräa quj jbtraña tmdar partj jb j` eujom nj lmrda
njsapashmbana. Wujs ihjb, sj smrprjbnjräa nj `a lrjfujbfha fmb quj
dufcms nj bujstrms dás pröspjrms prmdmtmrjs sj fmdpmrtab fmdm
duejrjs chstèrhfas fuabnm j` djrfanm bm aftõa nj` dmnm quj j``ms
njsjab. Warjfj quj sj `m tmdab fmdm uba mljbsa pjrsmba`, nj jstj dmnm,
prhdjrm phjrnjb `ms bjrvhms, y `ujom fmdhjbzab a pjrnjr nhbjrm.
Ca caihnm dufcm fmth``jm afjrfa nj ub njsafujrnm jbtrj Emcb
Wrjbthss y ym. @a ojbtj jspjra uba nradáthfa barrafhöb smirj uba
mpjrafhöb jb Im`sa quj tuvm da`ms rjsu`tanms m a`ouba tradpa quj dj
fmstö, m `j fmstö, dh``mbjs; m a`om parjfhnm. Wujs ihjb, bm js asä.
Wrjbthss y ym jradms adhoms njsnj cafäa dufcms añms.
añms . Jb a`oubas
mfashmbjs è` caiäa nanm a`ouba hblmrdafhöb quj ym punj uth`hzar fmb
ijbjlhfhms, y ym `j caiäa nanm a è` a`oubms fmbsjems, pujnj quj `ms
shouhjra y pujnj quj bm, sh `m chzm jstmy sjourm nj quj acmrrö nhbjrm.
È` jra duy hbstrudjbta` a `a cmra nj mroabhzar y prmdmfhmbar `a
Wjtrm`jud Wrmnufts Fmdpaby. ^ras ub njiut dás m djbms almrtubanm
jb j` djrfanm, `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js fadiharmb y j` bujvm va`mr bm
sj fmdpmrtö tab ihjb fmdm Wrjbthss y sus asmfhanms jspjraiab. Fuabnm
`as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js vm`vhjrmb a fadihar para djemr, Wrjbthss
lmrdö ub fmbsmrfhm y fmdjbzö a mpjrar jb Wjtj Wrmnufts.
Bm pujnm njfhr bana afjrfa nj su tèfbhfa. È` bm dj nhem jb quj
fmbshstäa y ym bm sj `m prjo
prjoubtè
ubtè.. Wjrm js mivhm quj a pjs
pjsar
ar nj su jxpj
jxpjrhjbf
rhjbfha
ha
jb _a`` Vtrjjt y su hbnunai`j hbtj`hojbfha, lujra `m quj lujra aquj``m quj
chzm, rjsu`tö sjr nj pmfm va`mr, y j` fmbsmrfhm bm tarnö dufcm thjdpm jb
njsfuirhr quj bm pmnäab njscafjrsj nj dufcas affhmbjs. Njihö caijr`m
hbtjbtanm tmnm, pmrquj j` dabaojr nj ub fmbsmrfhm bm phnj bubfa sjr
susthtuhnm pmr a`ouhjb nj lujra a djbms quj sj shjbta hbfapaz nj
fmbsjouhr su fmdjthnm, y jsa js `a õ`thda fmsa quj j` cmdirj djnhm
andhthräa.
Nj tmnms dmnms sj nhrhohö a dä y tras a`oubms adhstmsms prj`hdh
barjs dj nhem quj qujräa quj dj chfhjra farom nj` djrfanm nj Wjtj
Wrmnufts
Wrmnuf ts y quj dj njschfhj
njschfhjra
ra nj `a
`ass affhmbjs nj` fmbsmr
fmbsmrfhm,
fhm, quj sudaiab
uba fabthnan `hojrad
`hojradjbtj
jbtj supjrhmr
supjrhm r a ffhjb
hjb d
dh`
h` affhm
affhmbjs.
bjs. J` va`mr sj jstaia
vjbnhjbnm a ub prjfhm quj msfh`aia jbtrj 179 y 176.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjranm r nj affhmbj 9>?
J` fasm dj parjfhö ub tabtm nunmsm y njf`hbè su prmpmshfhöb
nábnm`j `as
`as orafhas. Wjrm
Wjrm è` hbshsthö y ym afjptè. @`jvö j` asubtm casta
casta j`
tjrrjbm pjrsmba`, asä quj, a` lhba`,
lhba`, fmbsjbtä. A dä, njsnj ub pubtm nj vhsta
fmbsthtufhmba`,, bm dj ousta hnjbthlhfardj ffmb
fmbsthtufhmba` mb jdprjsas jb fuym èxhtm bm
shjbta fmblhabza, pjrm tadihèb phjbsm quj ub cmdirj njij a`om a sus
adhomss y fmbmfhnms. Nh
adhom Nhej
ej quj caräa `m pmshi`j, pjrm `j nhe
nhejj tadihèb quj
bm dj sjbtäa duy jbtushasdanm y jbudjrè tmnms `ms laftmrjs anvjrsms
a `ms quj tjbnräa quj cafjr lrjbtj. Wjrm tmnm `m quj Wrjbthss fmbtjstö luj
quj è` bm dj pjnäa quj oarabthzara a` fmbsmrfhm dh``mbjs jb ijbjlhfhms.
È` jstaia sjourm nj quj sh ym dj cafha farom nj` asubtm, fmbsjouhräa `m
sulhfhjbtj fmdm
fmdm pa
para
ra sathslafjr a` fmbsmrfhm nj lmrd
lmrdaa razmbai`j.
razmb ai`j.
Wujss ihjb, acä jstaia, fmdprmdjthnm a cafjr a`om jb fmbtra nj dh
Wuj
prmphm euhfhm.
euhf hm. Njsfuirä, ta` y fmdm dj tjdäa, ub jstanm nj fmsas iastabtj
iastabtj
`adjbtai`js, njihnm, jb orab djnhna, a `ms prmphms jrrmrjs nj Wrjbthss
fuabnm dabhpu`ö j` va`mr. Wjrm j` prhbfhpa` laftmr jb fmbtra jra j`
thjdpm. Xm jstaia fmbvjbfhnm nj quj bms jstáiadms afjrfabnm ráphna
djbtj a` lhba` nj uba tjbnjbfha a`fhsta y pmr `m tabtm `a djemra nj`
djrfanm, quj tabtm caiäa abhdanm a Wrjbthss, rjsu`taräa sjr ta tabb sm`m uba
uba
fmrta rjfupjrafhöb. Xm tjdäa quj quj j` djrfanm sj vm`vhjra njlhbhthvadjbtj
iaehsta
iaehsta abtjs nj quj ym punhjra ``jvar a faim `m quj tjbäa jbtrj dabms. Vh Vhbb
jdiarom, caiäa nanm dh prmdjsa y njfhnä jslmrzardj a` dáxhdm para
 fmbsjouhr`m.

Fmdjbfè
Fmdjb
suiä casta 17?fè
17? a suihr
m a`om j`
j`fhnm,
parj prjfhm.
parjfhnm ^uvj
, `m quj bmub èxhtmda`,
jstaia dmnjranm.
hbf`usm Frjmvjbnjr
hb f`usm punj quj `m
a`oubas affhmbjs a ub iujb ia`abfj. Bm luj dufcm, pjrm jstaia sathslj
fcm nj bm caijr audjbtanm `as affhmbjs nj` fmbsmrfhm. Caiäa dufca
ojbtj lujra nj` fmbsmrfhm quj jstaiab jspjrabnm ub pjqujñm asfjbsm
para njscafjrsj
njscafjrsj nj sus affhmbjs,
affhmb js, y para j``ms ym vjbäa fmdm ub rjoa`m nj`
fhj`m. Vh `as fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js cuihjrab shnm dufcm djemrjs, ym
cairäa tjbhnm tmnaväa iastabtj dás èxhtm. Luj da`a sujrtj quj bm dj
cuihjrab avhsanm abtjs. Vjbtä quj, jb jsj dmdjbtm, `m õbhfm quj pmnäa
cafjr ya, jra sa`hr fmb
fmb uba pèrnhna,
pèrnhna , para j` fmbsmr
fmbsmrfhm,
fhm, quj rjsu`tara `m
dás pjqujña pmshi`j.

Dabnè
è` jdpjzö ``adarmiejfhmbjs.
a pmbjr a Wrjbthss yNjspuès
`j fmdubhquè dhs pubtms
`j jxp`hquè nj vhsta.
`a razöb pmr `aWjrm
quj
caiäa tmdanm jsa pmshfhöb. @j nhej5 " Wrjbthss, pujnm sjbthr fmb tmna
f`arhnan j` pu`sm nj` djrfanm. Bm cay bhboõb thpm nj sjouhdhjbtm nj

9>3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

vujstrm va`mr. Bm js bana nhläfh` vjr fua` ca shnm `a rjaffhöb nj` põi`hfm
abtj dh dabhpu`afhöb. Jsfufca5 Fuabnm cjdms cjfcm tmnm `m pmshi`j
para quj Wjtj Wrmnufts sja `m dás atrafthvm pmshi`j para j` põi`hfm y `j
nas tmnm j` smpmrtj quj bjfjshta y, a pjsar nj tmnm, `m õbhfm quj
jbfujbtras js quj j` põi`hfm `m njea nj `anm, pujnjs jstar sjourm nj quj
a`om va da`, bm fmb j` va`mr, shbm fmb j` djrfanm. Bm shrvj nj bana tratar
nj lmrzar `as fmsas. Vh `m cafjs, `m dás prmiai`j js quj phjrnas. J`
dabaojr nj ub fmbsmrfhm njij jstar nhspujstm a fmdprar su prmphm va`mr
fuabnm thjbj fmdpañäa. Wjrm fuabnm js j` õbhfm fmdpranmr nj` djrfanm,
sjräa ub iurrm sh `m chfhjra. Wmr fana fhbfm dh` affhmbjs quj ym fmdprm,
j` põi`hfm njijräa jstar nhspujstm a, m njijräa sjr fapaz nj, fmdprar
fhbfm dh` dás. Wjrm ym, njsnj `ujom, bm vmy a cafjr tmna jsa fmdpra. Vh
`m chfhjra, tmnm `m quj fmbsjouhräa sjräa jdpapardj fmb ub dmbtöb nj
affhmbjs a `arom quj bm quhjrm.
quhjrm . Vö`m sj pujnj cafjr uba fmsa, y js vjbnjr.
vjbnjr.
X j` õbhfm dmnm nj vjbnjr, js vjbnhjbnm."
"½Quhjrjs njfhr vjbnjr`m pmr `m quj pujnas fmbsjouhr=" prjoubtö
Wrjbthss.
"¡Jxaftm!" Nhej. Wunj vjr quj sj jstaia prjparabnm para cafjr
miejfhmbjs. "Vh js quj fmbshom vjbnjr `as affhmbjs nj` fmbsmrfhm, njijs
hr cafhèbnmtj a `a hnja nj quj j` prjfhm rmdpjrá `a par y ..."
 ¡Mc, bm!¡Bubfa! orhtö. ^j njijs caijr hdaohbanm quj qujräa
ubhrdj"Wrjbthss,"
a a`oõb
a`oõb f`ui`j nj suhf
suhfhnas.
nhej, "jshnas.
ub prhbfhphm farnhba` nj `a dabhpu`afhöb nj
va`mrjs, suihr ub prjfhm para vjbnjr j` va`mr. Wjrm bm pujnjs vjbnjr
vjbnjr tmnm nj
ub om`pj y nj abtjdabm. Bm pujnjs. @as orabnjs vjbtas sj cafjb jb j`
njsfjbsm njsnj `a fhda. Bm pujnm suihr tu va`mr casta 19: m 167. Dj
oustaräa, pjrm bm sj pujnj cafjr. As Asää quj tjbnrás quj fmdjbzar a vjbnjr
njsnj jstj bhvj`.
bhvj` . Jb dh mphbhöb, tmnms `ms va`mrjs jstáb iaeabnm,
iaeabnm, y Wjtrm
`jud Wrmnufts bm va a sjrsjr uba jxfjpfhöb. Js djemr quj njsfhjbna
njsf hjbna acmra fmb
`a vjbta pmr
pmr partj nj` fmbsm
fmbsmrfhm,
rfhm, abtjs nj quj njsfhjbna j` djs pröxhdm a
fausa nj `a vjbta pmr partj nj a`oõb mtrm. Wujs sjourm quj njsfjbnjrá nj
tmnms dmnms.
@j nhej nj bujvm quj a dh euhfhm bana nj` dubnm jvhtaräa quj Wjtj
Wrmnufts sj rmdphjra jb quhbfj m vjhbtj pubtms, pmrquj tmnm j` djrfanm
``jvaia jsa nhrjffhöb, y `j nhej,
nhe j, uba vjz dás, quj jra aisurnm jspjrar quj
su va`mr lujra uba jxfjpfhöb. Wjrm nj bujvm, tmna dh fcar`a bm shrvhö
para bana. È` hbshstäa jb quj smpmrtara j` va`mr.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9>8

Aquä jstaia ub hbtj`hojbtj cmdirj nj bjomfhms,
bjomfhm s, ubm nj `ms`ms prmdm
prmdm
tmrjs nj dás èxhtm nj aquj` jbtmbfjs, a`ouhjb quj caiäa cjfcm dh``mbjs
jb _a`` Vtrjjt saiäa dufcm dás quj j` fhunanabm
fhun anabm djnhm afjrfa nj` eujo eujomm
nj `a jspjfu`afhöb, hbshsthjbnm jb nar smpmrtj a ub va`mr jb ub hbfhphjbtj
djrfanm a `a iaea. Jra su va`mr, jsm js sjourm, pjrm a pjsar nj tmnm jra ub
da` bjomfhm. ^abtm dás sh tjbjdms jb fujbta quj hia jb fmbtra nj `m
jvhnjbtj y ym fmdjbfè a nhsfuthr nj bujvm fmb è`. Wjrm bm sjrväa nj bana.
È` hbshstäa jb nar örnjbjs nj smpmrtj.
Wmr supujstm, fuabnm
fuab nm j` djrfanm ojbjra` sj njih`htö
njih`ht ö y fmdjb
fmdjbzö zö j`
njsfjbsm, Wjtj Wrmnufts luj fmb j` rjstm. Jb vjz nj vjbnjr, ym fmdprè
affhmbjs para j` fmbsmrfhm, pmr örnjbjs nj Wrjbthss.
@a õbhfa jxp`hfafhöb
jxp`hfa fhöb js quj Wrjbthss
Wrjb thss bm frjäa quj j` djrfanm
djrfan m a `a ia
iaea
ea
jstuvhjra eustm jbfhda
jb fhda nj bmsmtrms.
bmsmtr ms. Xm jstaia sjourm nj quj j` djrfanm a`
a`za caiäa tjrdhbanm. Caiäa vjrhlhfanm jstm a travès nj tjsts, bm sö`m jb
Wjtj Wrmnufts,
Wrmnufts , shbm tadihèb jb mtrms va`mrjs. Bm jspjrè a quj jj`` djrfanm
a `a iaea abubfhara su sjoura ``joana abtjs nj jdpjzar a vjbnjr. Wmr
supujstm, bm vjbnä bh uba sm`a affhöb nj Wjtj Wrmnufts, aubquj jstaia a
fmrtm fmb mtrms va`mrjs.
J` fmbsmrfhm nj
n j Wjtj Wrmnufts,
Wrmnuft s, ta` y fmdm jspjraia, sj vhm fm`oanm
fmb tmnas `as affhmbjs quj
qu j tjbäab, y fmb tmnas `as quj tuvhjrmb quj
qu j tmdar jb
su hbõth` jslujrzm nj suihr j` prjfhm. A` lhba` `hquhnarmb, pjrm fmb ubas
fhlras dufcm dás iaeas nj `as quj cuihjrab mitjbhnm sh Wrjbthss dj

cuihjra njeanm
dmnm. Wjrm vjbnjr
Wrjbthss fuábnm
tmnaväa y födm
phjbsa quj ym
è` njsjaia. Bm mpmnäa
tjbäa razöb, sjr njjsmmtrm
a` djbms js
`m quj nhfj. Xm frjm quj è` phjbsa quj `a razöb, pmr `a quj `j nh aquj`
fmbsjem, jra quj ym jstaia a fmrtm fmb mtrms va`mrjs y j` djrfanm ojbjra`
jstaia suihjbnm. Wmr supujstm, jstm hdp`hfa quj `a ruptura nj Wjtj
Wrmnufts,
Wrmnu fts, quj cuihjra rjsu`tanm nj `a vjbta nj `as affhmbjs nj` fmbsmrfhm
fmbsmr fhm
a fua`quhjr prjfhm, cairäa shnm nj ayuna para dh pmshfhöb iaehsta jb mtrms
va`mrjs.
Jsm smb sö`m tmbtjräas. Xm bm jstaia a `a iaea pmrquj jstuvhjra a
fmrtm jb a`oubms va`mrjs. Xm jstaia a `a iaea pmrquj asä js fmdm ym
aba`hfè `a shtuafhöb, y sö`m vjbnä `ms va`mrjs a fmrtm, njspuès nj vm`vjrdj
iaehsta. Bubfa
da` pujrtm; cayj` dufcm
bm jb djrfanmnhbjrm hdp`hfanm
nj va`mrjs. jb nj
Dh p`ab cafjr fmsas
vjbta nhrhohnas
nj `as affhmbjsa
nj` fmbsmrfhm jstaia iasana jb `m quj `a jxpjrhjbfha, nj vjhbtj añms, dj
caiäa nhfcm quj jra lafthi`j y, pmr `m tabtm, saihm. Wrjbthss njijräa

9:7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

caijrsj fmdpmrtanm fmdm ub vjrnanjrm mpjranmr y caijr vhstm j` asubtm
nj lmrda tab f`ara fmdm ym. Wjrm ya jra njdashanm tarnj para hbtjbtar
cafjr a`om.
Vupmbom quj Wrjbthss fmdpartj su jrrmr fm
fmbb dh`js nj pjrsmbas quj
phjbsab quj ub dabhpu`anmr pujnj cafjr fua`quhjr fmsa. Wujs ihjb,
ihjb , bm js
asä. @m djemr quj chzm Kjjbj luj su dabhpu`afhöb nj Z. V. Vtjj` y
asfjbnjr jb `a prhdavjra nj 1871. È` tuvm èxhtm, bm sö`m pmrquj jra
hbtj`hojbtj j hbojbhmsm, bh tadpmfm pmrquj tuvhjra a sus jspa`nas ub
shbnhfatm lmrdanm pmr `ms cmdirjs dás rhfms nj` paäs. ^uvm èxhtm, jb
partj, njihnm a jsas razmbjs, pjrm, prhbfhpa`djbtj, pmrquj j` djrfanm
ojbjra` y j` jstanm djbta
djbta`` nj` põi`hfm jrab `ms fmrrjftms.
fmrrjftms .
Bm js iujbm quj ub cmdirj aftuè jb fmbtra nj `as jbsjñabzas nj `a
jxpjrhjbfha y j` sjbthnm fmdõb. Wjrm `ms tmbtms nj _a`` Vtrjjt bm smb
shjdprj `ms nj lujra.
lujra. J` aoravhm nj Wrjbthss cafha dä js eust
e ustmm `m quj afaim
nj barrar. J` jstá rjsjbth
rjsjbthnm
nm pmrquj bm rja`hfè `a dabhpu`afhöb fmd fmdmm ym
qujräa, shbm fmdm è` dj `m phnhö.
Bm cay
cay dhstjrhm
dhst jrhm,, sm`apanm m trufanm
trufanm,, afjrfa nj `a dabhpu`afhöb
njshobana a vjbnjr ub va`mr nj ub om`pj, a djbms quj ta`js mpjrafhmbjs
vayab afmdpañanas nj tjrohvjrsafhmbjs. @a dabhpu`afhöb sjoura, njij
jstar iasana jb `ms prhbfhphms mpjrathvms sjourms. @a ojbtj cafj dufcm
èblashs jb abthouas práfthfas, ta`js fmdm `as vjbtas nj `avanm. Wjrm
pujnm asjourar quj `a djra djfábhfa nnjj `a njfjpfhöb thjbj pmf
hdpmrtabfha. pmfaa
@a nhljrjbfha jbtrj `a dabhpu`afhöb jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs y `a
vjbta "smirj j` dmstranmr" nj affhmbjs y mi`hoafhmbjs jstá jb j` faráftjr
nj `a f`hjbtj`a dás quj jb j` faráftjr nj `a atraffhöb. E. W. Dmroab &
Fmdpaby vjbnj uba jdhshöb nj mi`hoafhmbjs a` põi`hfm, m sja, a `ms
hbvjrshmbhstas. Zb dabhpu`anmr sj njscafj nj ub j`jvanm bõdjrm nj
affhmbjs para j` põi`hfm, m sja, `ms jspjfu`anmrjs. Zb hbvjrshmbhsta
iusfa sjourhnan, `a pjrdabjbfha nj` hbtjrès quj rjfhij pmr `a fabthnan
quj hbvhjrtj. J` jspjfu`anmr iusfa `a oababfha ráphna.
J` jstáb
rjs, quj dabhpu`anmr thjbja su
nhspujstms prhbfhpa`
fmrrjr djrfanm
orabnjs jbtrj
rhjsoms, `ms jspjfu`anm
shjdprj y fuabnm
tjboab pmshih`hnanjs nj mitjbjr uba orab oababfha smirj su faphta`.
fapht a`. X
Xm,
m,
pjrsmba`djbtj, bubfa cj frjhnm jb j` eujom a fhjoas. Wujnm apmstar`m
tmnm y pujnm fmdprar fhjb affhmbjs. Wjrm jb fua`quhjr fasm njim tjbjr
uba razöb para cafjr fua`quhjra nj `as nms fmsas.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9:1

Yjfujrnm, pjrljftadjbtj, födm dj hbtrmnuej jb j`eujom nj `a

dabhpu`afhöb, m sja, jb `a pujsta jb j` djrfanm nj `ms va`mrjs nj `ms njdás
Dj ousta rjfmrnar`m pmrquj dujstra daravh``msadjbtj `a afthtun prmljshm
ba` cafha `as mpjrafhmbjs jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs.
va`mrjs . Vufjnhö njspuès nj dh
"rjorjsm",
"rjorjs m", m sja, njspuès nj quj dh mpjrafhöb fmb Ijtc`jcjd Vtjj` Vtjj` jb 181:,
dj pushjra jb fadhbm cafha `a rjfupjrafhöb
rjfupjrafh öb lhbabfhjra.
Mpjrè fmb dufca lhrdjza y tuvj duy iujba sujrtj. Bubfa cj
iusfanm `a pui`hfhnan jb prjbsa, pjrm tadpmfm dj cj apartanm nj dh
fadhbm para jsfmbnjrdj nj j``a. A` dhsdm thjdpm, ya sj saij quj j`
_a`` Vtrjjt prmljshmba` jxaojra tabtm `ms èxhtms fmdm `ms lrafasms nj
fua`quhjr mpjranmr jb afthvm; y, pmr supujstm, `ms pjrhönhfms `m myjb j
hdprhdjb ta`js rudmrjs. Cj jstanm jb `a iabfarrmta tabtas vjfjs, sjoõb
`ms fmth``jms,
fmth`` jms, m cj oaban
oabanmm tabtms dh``mbjs
dh``mbjs,, sjoõb `as dhsdas autmrhnanjs
autmrhnanjs,,
quj dh õbhfa rjaffhöb abtj ta`js hblmrd
hblmrdjs
js js prjoubtardj födm y nöbnj
cab pmnhnm bafjr. ¡X födm cab frjfhnm!
Dhs adhoms fmrrjnmrjs, vjbäab ubm tras mtrm fmb `a dhsda chstmrha,
ub pmfm dás fadihana fana vjz, djemrana, dás fhrfubstabfha`djbtj.
^mnm jstj prjlafhm, js para barrar födm dj chfj farom, pmr
prhdjra vjz, nj `a dabhpu`afhöb nj ub va`mrva`mr par
paraa mtras pjrsmbas
pjrsmbas.. J` trufm
jstuvm jb `as chstmrhas
chst mrhas quj fmbtaiab `ms pjr
pjrhönhfms
hönhfms afjrfa nnjj födm paouè
 pmr fmdp`jtm tmnas `as njunas quj tjbäa. @ms pjrhönhfms nhjrmb tabtm
èblashs a dhs apujstas y a dhs ijbjlhfhms quj jb _a`` Vtrjjt sj cai`aia
nj dä. Xa caiäab pasanm aquj``ms näas fuabnm ub mpjranmr quj ``jvara
uba `äbja nj nmsfhjbtms nö`arjs pmnäa nmdhbar j` djrfanm. Wjrm, fmdm
ya sj saij, j` põi`hfm shjdprj njsja ca``ar sufjsmr
sufjsmrjs
js a `ms abthoums
`änjrjs. Luj `a rjputafhöb nj Dr. Kjjbj fmdm cáih` mpjranmr nj
affhmbjs, oabanmr nj ub dh``öb nj nö`arjs fmb su prmpha mpjrafhöb, `m
quj chzm quj `ms prmdmtmrjs y `ms iabfms afunhjrab a è` para vjbnjr
orabnjs fabthnanjs nj affhmbjs. Jb pmfm thjdpm, sus sus sjrvhfhm
sjrvhfhms,
s, fm
fmdm
dm
dabhpu`anmr, jstuvhjrmb jb njdabna njihnm a `as chstmrhas quj _a``
Vtrjjt caiäa mhnm nj sus abtjrhmrjs èxhtms fmdm mpjranmr.
Wjrm Kjjbj sj caiäa hnm, caiäa pasanm a jsj fhj`m jb j` quj è` ub
ubaa
vjz nhem quj bm sj qujnaräa a djbms quj Vysmbiy jstuvhjra a``ä jspjráb
nm`j. Mtrms nms m trjs cmdirjs quj chfhjrmb `a chstmrha nj _a`` Vtrjjt,
nurabtj ubms fuabtms djsjs, caiäab fahnm jb `a misfurhnan nj `a hbafth
vhnan prm`mboana. Dj rjlhjrm, jb parthfu`ar, a fhjrtas pjrsmbas quj jb
1871 vhbhjrmb nj` mjstj a _a`` Vtrjjt y quj tras cafjr dufcms dh``mbjs

9:99
9: Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fmb `as affhmbjs nj Vtjj`, sj qujnarmb jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Jb rja`hnan jrab

supjrprmdmtmrjs, y bm mpjranmrjs nj `ms nj `a f`asj nj Kjjbj. Wjrm jrab
jxtrjdanadjbtj fapafjs, jxtrjdanadjbtj rhfms y jxtrjdanadjbtj
pröspjrms fmb `as affhmbjs quj j``ms y sus adhoms fmbtrm`aiab. Jb
rja`hnan, bm jrab orabnjs dabhpu`anmrjs, fmdm Kjjbj m Omvjrbmr
L`mwjr. Vhb jdiarom, _a`` Vtrjjt jbfmbtrö jb j``ms ub pjrljftm fadpm
nj fu`thvm para `ms rudmrjs y fmth``jms y, njsnj `ujom, tuvhjrmb ub
sjouhdhjbtm jbtrj `ms prmljshmba`js y `as fasas nj fmdhshöb. Fuabnm
j``ms njearmb nj mpjrar afthvadjbtj, _a`` Vtrjjt sj jbfmbtrö shb dabh
pu`anmrjs;
pu`anm rjs; a` djbms
djbms,, banhj smirj quhjb sj punhjra `jjr jb `ms pjrhön
pjrhönhfms.
hfms.
Zstjn rjfm
rjfmrnar
rnaráá j` orab djrfan
djrfanmm a` a`za quj fmdjbzö fuab
fuabnmnm `a
Im`sa rjabunö `ms bjomfhms jb 181:. A djnhna quj j` djrfanm sj
jxtjbnäa
jxtjbn äa y `as fmdpras nj `ms a`hanms jb jstj paäs a`fabzai
a`fabzaiab
ab `ms ih``mb
ih``mbjs,
js,
bms jbfmbtradms abtj ub immd. Jb `m rj`athvm a `a dabhpu`afhöb, a banhj
`j luj bjfjsarhm `jvabtar ub njnm pra frjar ub h`hdhtanm djrfanm para `a
bmvha nj `a oujrra. Dh`js nj cmdirjs chfhjrmb dh``mbjs faphta`hzabnm
fmbtratms m prmdjsas nj fmbtratms. Vj fmbvhrthjrmb jb prmdmtmrjs nj
èxhtm, ihjb fmb `a ayuna nj adhstmsms iabqujrms m ihjb safabnm anj`abtj
`a fmdpañäa jb j` djrfanm nj` "lrjbm". J` põi`hfm fmdpraia fua`quhjr
fmsa quj tuvhjra iujba pui`hfhnan.
 Fuabnm `a prmspj
prmspjrhnan
rhnan y j` l`mrjfhdhjbtm chfhjrmb quj njsapjrjfhjra
njsapjrjf hjra
j` immd,
pjnhr a`oubms
ayuna a `ms nj jstms prmdmtmrjs
jxpjrtms jb `a vjbtasjnjjbfmbtrarmb fmb `a j`
va`mrjs. Fuabnm bjfjshnan
põi`hfm nj
sj
jbfujbtra
jbfujb tra fm`oan
fm`oanmm fmb tmna f`asj nj affhmbj
affhmbjs,s, a`ou
a`oubas
bas nj j``as fmdpra
fmdpranas
nas
a prjfhms a`tms, bm js tarja láfh` njscafjrsj nj va`mrjs quj bm cab shnm
prmianms. ^ras ub immd, j` põi`hfm jstá sjourm nj quj bana va a suihr.
Bm js quj `ms fmdpranmrjs sj cayab vuj`tm dás jxhojbtjs, shbm quj `a
fmdpra fhjoa ca tmfanm a su lhb. @m quj ca fadihanm js j` jstanm djbta`.
Bh shquhjra js bjfjsarhm quj `ms prjfhms iaejb para quj `a ojbtj jdphjfj
a sjbthrsj pjshdhsta. Js sulhfhjbtj fmb quj j` djrfanm sj apaouj ub
pmfm, y pjrdabjzfa asä nurabtj ub thjdpm.

Jb ushvadjb
shbm jxf` tmnms
jxf`ushv `mstj,immds,
adjbtj, `as jfcar
para aprmv fmdpañäas
aprmvjfcar sj lmrdab,
j` apjthtm nj` põi`h prhbfhpa`djbtj,
põi`hfm
fm nj tmna f`asj
nj va`mrjs. ^adihèb cay prmdmfhmbjs atrasanas. @a razöb pmr `a quj `ms
prmdmtmrjs fmdjtjb èstj jrrmr, js quj fmdm sjrjs cudabms bm jstáb
nhspujstms a vjr j` lhba` nj` immd. Anjdás, js ub iujb bjomfhm
arrhjsoarsj fuabnm j` pmshi`j ijbjlhfhm js sulhfhjbtjdjbtj orabnj. @a

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9:6

fhda bm jstá bubfa a `a vhsta, fuabnm `a vhshöb jstá vhfhana pmr `a
jspjrabza. J` cmdirj djnhm vj aquj` va`mr quj banhj qujräa a nmfj m
fatmrfj nö`arjs, fmdm suij rjpjbthbadjbtj casta trjhbta, quj sjoura
djbtj js j` dáxhdm, y a`fabza `ms fhbfujbta nö`arjs. Jsj js j` lhba` nj`
asfjbsm.
asfjbs m. Njspuès
Njspuès ``joa casta sjsjbta, casta sjtjbta; casta sjtjbta y fhbfm.
Jbtmbfjs js ya jvhnjbtj, quj jsj va`mr quj cafj sö`m ubas sjdabas sj
jstaia vjbnhjbnm a djbms nj quhbfquhbfj,j, bm pujnj sjouhr suihjbnm. Wjrm
shouj suihjbnm casta mfcjbta, casta mfcjbta y fhbfm. Jbtmbfjs, j`
cmdirj djnhm, quj bubfa phjbsa jb `ms va`mrjs, shb shbmm jb `ms prjfhms, y quj
bm jstá fmbtrm`anm pmr sus
sus aff
affhmbjs
hmbjs,, shbm pmr sus dhjnms, tmda j` fadhbm
dás láfh`, njea nj pjbsar quj cay ub `ädhtj para j` asfjbsm. Jsa js `a razöb
pmr `a quj aquj``ms " nj lujra"
lujra" quj smb sulhfhjbtjdjbtj saihms fmdm para
bm fmdprar jb `a fhda, sj njfhnjb a bm tmdar ijbjlhfhms. Jb `ms immds,
`as orabnjs oababfhas `as mithjbj prhdjrm j` põi`hfm, jb papj`. X sj
qujnab jb papj`.
 SSHH
Zb näa, Ehd Iarbjs, quj bm sö`m jra ubm nj dhs dás hdpmrtabtjs
fmrrjn mrjs, shbm ttadihèb
fmrrjnmrjs, adihèb ub adhom äbthdm, dj ``adö. Dj nhenhemm quj qujräa
quj `j chfhjra ub orab lavmr
lavmr.. È` bubfa caiäa cai`a
cai`anm
nm abtjs nj aquj` dmnm,
y asä `j pjnä quj dj nhejra nj què lavmr sj trataia, jspjrabnm quj lujra
a`om quj ym punhjsj cafjr, pmrquj jstaia nhspujstm a fmdp`afjr`j.
Jbtmbfjs dj nhem quj su lhrda jstaia hbtjrjsana jb ub njtjrdhbanm
 va`mr; nj cjfcm, j``ms caiäab shnm `ms prhbfhpa`js prmdmtmrjs nj `a
fmdpañäa y caiäab jdp`azanm `a daymr partj nj `as affhmbjs. Caiäab
surohnm ubas fhrfubstabfhas quj `js mi`hoaiab nj dmnm hdpjrathvm, a
pmbjr
chfhjrajbfarom
j` djrfanm uba jdhshöb
nj pmbjr`j iastabtj jsta
jb j` djrfanm orabnj. Ehd qujräa
jdhshöb. quj dj
J` va`mr jra
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj.
Xm bm qujräa tjbjr bana quj vjr fmb j``m pmr varhas razmbjs. Wjrm
Iarbjs; a quhjb `j njiäa aa`oubms
`oubms lavmrjs, hbshsthö jb j` asubtm ``jvábnm`m
a` tjrrjbm nj` lavmr pjrsmba`, quj jra a`om quj ya pmr sä sm`m, abu`aia
tmnas dhs miejfhmbjs. Jra ub iujb dufcafcm, ub adhom, y su lhrda,
jstaia duy hbvm`ufrana, asä quj, a` lhba`, fmbsjbtä jb cafjr tmnm `m quj
punhjra.
Vhjdprj dj ca parjfhnm quj j` pubtm nj nhljrjbfha dás phbtmrjs
fm, jbtrj j` immd nj `a oujrra y mtrms immds, jra `a partj euoana pmr ub
bujvm thpm jb `ms asubtms nj Im`sa, j` fchfm iabqujrm.
J` immd jra jstupjbnm y sus mräojbjs y fausas mivhas para tmnm
j` dubnm. Wjrm a` dhsdm thjdpm, `ms dás orabnjs iabfms y fmdpañäas

9::

9:<<
9: Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nj lhnjhfmdhsm nj` paäs chfhjrmb tmnm `m pmshi`j para ayunar a fmbvjrthrsj

jb dh``mbarhms, jb uba bmfcj, a prmdmtmrjs y lairhfabtjs nj dubhfhmbjs
nj tmnm thpm
thpm y fmbnhfhöb
fmbnhfhöb.. J` asubtm
asu btm tmdö ta`js njrrmtjrms quj tmnm `m quj
ubm tjbäa quj cafjr jra njfhr quj tjbäa ub adhom quj jra adhom nj ub
dhjdirm nj uba nj `as fmdhshmbjs a`hanas, y, nj hbdjnhatm, `j mlrjfjräab
tmnm j` faphta` bjfjsarhm para safar anj`abtj `ms fmbtratms quj bm caiäa
asjouranm tmnaväa. Vm`äa mhr chstmrhas hbfrjäi`js afjrfa nj fmbsjrejs quj
sj fmbvjrtäab jb prjshnjbtjs nj fmdpañäas, y quj cafäab bjomfhms nj
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs fmb
fmb nhbjrm prjstanm pmr `as fmdpa
fmdpañäas
ñäas nj lhnjhfm
dhsm,
dhs m, chstmrhas nj fmbtr
fmbtratms
atms quj njeaiab ub
ubaa jbmrdj cuj``a nj ijbjlhfhms
a djnhna quj pasaiab nj ubas dabms a mtras. J` mrm nj Jurmpa faäa a
fcmrrms jb jstj paäs, y `ms iabfms njiäab jbfmbtr
lhsfar`m. jbfmbtrar
ar j` djemr dmnm nj fm
fmb
b
J` dmnm nj ``jvar a faim `ms bjomfhms, njiäa caijr shnm vhstm fmb
njsfmblhabza pmr partj nj `ms vhjems, pjrm bm caiäa dufcms pmr a``ä. @a
dmna nj prjshnjbtjs iabfarhms nj pj`m orhs jstaia duy ihjb para `ms
thjdpms nj fa`da, pjrm `a euvjbtun jra `a prhbfhpa` fua`hlhfafhöb jb jstms
thjdpms jbèrohfms. Yja`d
Yja`djbtj,
jbtj, `ms iabfms mituvhjrmb jbmrdjs ijbjlhfh
ijbjlhfhms.ms.
Ehd Iarbjs y sus asmfhanms,
asmfh anms, aprmvjfc
aprmvjfcabnm
abnm `a adhstan y fmbl
fmblhabza
habza nj`
nj`
emvj
em vjbb pr
prjs
jshn
hnjb
jbtj
tj nj` Da
Dars
rsca
ca``
`` Ba
Bath
thmb
mba`
a` Ia
Iabk
bk,, nj
njfh
fhnh
nhjr
jrmb
mb fmbs
fm bsm`
m`hn
hnar
ar trj
t rjss
ladmsas fmdpañäas nj fa`jlaffhöb y vjbnjr `as affhmbjs nj `a bujva
fmdpañäa a ub põi`hfm
lmrda nj fjrthlhfanm nj quj ``jvaia djsjs fmdprabnm fua`quhjr fmsa fmb
affhöb.
Zb prmi`jda
prmi` jda jra quj `ms bjomf
bjomfhms
hms nj fa`jlaffhöb jrab tab pröspjrms
quj `as trjs fmdpañä
fmdpañäasas jstaiab oababnm nhvhnjbnms fmb sus prmphms va`mrjs,
va`mrjs ,
pmr prhdjr
prhdjraa vjz jb `a chstmrha. Vus prhbfhpa`js affh affhmbhstas
mbhstas bm qujräab
njscafjrsj nj` fmbtrm`. Caiäa ub iujb djrfanm para sus va`mrjs jb j`
"Furi"; caiäab vjbnhnm `as affhmbjs quj `js hbtjrjsaia vjbnjr, y jstaiab
fmbtjbtms nj `as fmsa
fmsass ta` y fmdm jstai
jstaiab.
ab. Vu faphta`hzafh
faphta`hzafhöb
öb hbnhvhnua` jra
njdashanm
njdasha nm pjqujña fmdm para eusthlhfar orabnjs dmvhdhjbtm
dmvhdhjbtmss nj djrfa
djrfanm,
nm,
y acä js nmbnj jbtraia `a lhrda nj Ehd Iarbjs.
Njstafaia
lhfhjbtjdjbtj j` cjfcm
orabnj fmdmnjpara
qujfmthzarsj
`a fmdpañäa fmbsm`hnana
jb Im`sa, njiäa
jb nmbnj sjr su
`as bujvas
affhmbjs tjbnräab ub va`mr supjrhmr a` nj `as abthouas. Jb _a`` Vtrjjt, js
uba vhjea jstrataojda fadihar j` fm`mr nj `ms fjrthlhfanms para nar`js
dás va`mr. Nhoadms quj jb `a oujrra, ub va`mr sj jdphjza a vjbnjr fmb
nhlhfu`tan. Wujs ihjb, fuanrup`hfabnm j` va`mr, pujnjs cafjr quj `as

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9:?

bujvas affhmbjs sj vjbnab a 67 m 6:. Jstm js j` jquhva`jbtj a 197 m 1>7

nj` abthoum va`mr, uba fhlra quj nj mtrm dmnm bubfa sj pmnräa caijr
a`fabzanm.
Warjfj quj Iarbjs y sus asmfhanms `morarmb hbnufhr a a`oubms nj
sus adhoms a quj dabtuvhjrab nj dmnm jspjfu`athvm a`oubas jdhshmbjs
jdhshmbjs
nj Oray Vtmvj Fmdpaby, uba orab jdprjsa, para ``joar a `a fmbsm`hna
fhöb jb iasj a fuatrm affhmbjs nj Fmbsm`hnatjn pmr fana affhöb nj Oray.
Njspuès `a Dhn`abn y `a _jstjrb, shouhjrmb a su cjrdaba daymr y
aparjfhjrmb fmb uba iasj nj affhöb pmr affhöb. @as suyas sj fmthzaiab
jb Furi a`rjnjnmr nj 9: m 67, y `as nj Oray, quj jrab dufcm dás
fmbmfhnas y paoaiab nhvhnjbnms, jstaiab a`rjnjnmr nj 19:.
Wara fmbsjouhr j` nhbjrm para fmdprar a aquj``ms affhmbhstas quj
hbshstäab jb `a vjbta jb djtá`hfm, y tadihèb para prmpmrfhmbar faphta`
anhfhmba` para oastms nj djemra y prmdmfhöb, sj chzm bjfjsarhm mitjbjr
ubms fuabtms dh``mbjs. @as fmsas jstaiab asä y Iarbjs vhm a` prjshnjbtj
nj su iabfm, quhèb adai`jdjbtj prjstö a su shbnhfatm trjs dh``mbjs y
djnhm nj nö`arjs. @m fm`atjra` jra fhjb dh` affhmbjs nj uba fmrpmrafhöb
rjfhèb mroabhzana. J` shbnhfatm asjourö a su prjshnjbtj, m a` djbms jsm
js `m quj dj nhejrmb, quj j` prjfhm bm jstaräa pmr njiaem nj :7. Caiäa ub
orab va`mr pmr djnhm, asä quj `a mpjrafhöb sjräa, prjsudhi`jdjbtj, duduyy
 ijbjlhfhmsa.
J` prhdjr jrrmr nj `ms prmdmtmrjs luj `a fujsthöb nj thjdpm. J`
djrfanm caiäa a`fabzanm
a`fabzanm j` pubtm nj saturafhöb nj bujvas jdhshmbjs, y
j``ms njijräab caijr`m vhstm. Wjrm hbf`usm jbtmbfjs, y njspuès nj tmnm,
pmnäab caijr mitjbhnm ub ijbjlhfhm razmbai`j shbm cuihjrab tratanm nj
nup`hfar `as hrrafhmba`js oababfhas quj mtrms prmdmtmrjs caiäab fmbsjouh
nm jb `a fhda nj`
nj` immd.
Acmra bm dj oustaräa quj sj qujnara fmb `a bmfhöb nj quj Ehd y sus
asmfhanms jrab ubms dufcafcms tmbtms
tmbtms j hbjxpjr
hbjxpjrtms.
tms. Jrab cmdirjs saihms.
^mnms j``ms jstaiab ladh`harhzanms fmb `ms dètmnms nj _a`` Vtrjjt y
a`oubms nj j``ms tjbäab jxfjpfhmba`js èxhtms fmdm
fmdm mpjranmrjs nj affhmbj
affhmbjs.
s.
Wjrm smirjva`mrarmb `a fapafhnan nj fmdpra nj` põi`hfm. Njspuès nj tmnm,
jsa fapafhnan jra a`om quj j``ms cairäab pmnhnm njtjrdhbar fmb sm`m
jxadhbar `ms tjsts. Jb nmbnj dás jrrarmb, luj jb j` cjfcm nj jspjrar quj
j` djrfanm a` a`za nurara dás thjdpm nj `m quj jb rja`hnan nurö.
Vupmbom quj `a razöb luj quj jstms dhsdms cmdirjs sj jbfmbtrarmb fmb
ub èxhtm tab orabnj y tab ráphnm quj bm nunarmb jb lhba`hzar su mpjrafhöb

9:3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

abtjs nj quj lhba`hzara j` djrfanm a`fhsta. Jrab tmnms duy fmbmfhnms y

tjbäab ub sjouhdhjbtm fmbshnjrai`j jbtrj `ms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js
y `as mlhfhbas nj fmrrjtaej.
@a mpjrafhöb tuvm uba orab pui`hfhnan. @ms pjrhönhfms `js njnh
farmb orabnjs jspafhms jb sus páohbas. @as jdprjsas dás vhjeas sj
hnjbthlhfaiab fmb `a hbnustrha nj `a fa`jlaffhöb nj Adjrhfa
Adjr hfa y su prmnuft
pr mnuftmm
luj
luj nanm a fmbmfjr pmr tmnm j` dubdubnm.nm. Jra uba patrhöthfa ada`o
ada`oada
ada y jb
`ms nharh
nharhms
ms caiä
caiäaa ub dmb
dmbtöb
töb nj `htjra
`htjratura
tura afjrfa nj `a `ass fmb
fmbquh
quhstas
stas nj`
dubnm. @ms djrfanms nj Asha, Álrhfa y Vunadjrhfa jrab tab iujbms
fmdm sjourms.
@ms nhrjftmrjs nj `a fmdpañäa jrab tmnms cmdirjs fuyms bmdirjs
jrab ladh`harjs para tmnms `ms `jftmrjs
`jftm rjs nj `as páohb
páohbas
as lhbabfhjras.
lhbabfh jras. J` traiaem
pui`hfhtarhm jstuvm
jstu vm tab ihjb ``jvanm y `as prmdjsas nj a`oubms nj` hbtjrhmr
smirj `m quj hia a cafjr j` prjfhm jrab tab njlhbhnas y fmbvhbfjbtjs quj
sj frjö uba orab njdabna para j` bujvm va`mr. J` rjsu`tanm luj quj sj
fjrrarmb `ms `hirms y sj njsfuirhö quj j` va`mr quj sj caiäa mlrjfhnm a`
põi`hfm a fhbfujbta nö`arjs `a affhöb, caiäa shnm suisfrhtm fmb ub jxfj
njbtj nj` 9:%.
¡Hdaoäbjsj! @m dás quj `ms prmd prmdmtmrj
mtmrjss njiäab caijr jspjranm jra
`morar vjbnjr
vjbn jr j` bujvm va`mr a jsj prjf
prjfhmhm tras sjdabas nj traiaem y tras suihr
j` prjfhm a ?: m dás
dás,, para pmnjr mitjbjr uba djnha nj :7. Jstm shobhlhfaia
ub avabfj nj fjrfa nj` 177% jb `ms abthoums prjfhms nj `ms va`mrjs nj `as
fmdpañäas
fmdpañ äas fmbsth
fmbsthtuyjb
tuyjbtjs.
tjs. Jsta jra `a frhshs, y bm sj jblrjbtarmb a j``a fmdm
njijräab caijr`m cjfcm.
cjfcm . Jst
Jstmm njdujst
njdujstrara quj tmnms `ms bjomfhms
bjomf hms thjbjb sus
prmphas bjfjshnanjs
bjfjshn anjs.. @a saihnuräa ojbjra` js djbms va`hmsa quj `a jspjfä
lhfa. @ms prmdmtmrjs, jbfabtanms fmb `a smirj-suisfrhpfhöb, ``joarmb a
`a fmbf`ushöb nj quj j` põi`hfm jstaia prjparanm para paoar fua`quhjr
prjfhm pmr fua`quhjr bõdjrm nj affhmbjs. X jb rja`hnan lujrmb iastabtj
jstõphnms a `a cmra nj aneunhfar `as affhmbjs. @ms prmdmtmrjs, tras
njfhnhrsj a safar j` dáxhdm parthnm nj` asubtm, njijräab caijrsj njfhnh
nm tadihèb ca cafjr`m nj lmrda hbtj`hojbtj.

Wmr supujstm, `m quj njijräab caijr cjfcm jra ashobar j` va`mr a`

fmdp`jtm. Jstm `js cairäa pujstm a fmrtm jb ub 9: % nj `a fabthnan tmta`
mlrjfhna a` põi`hfm para `a susifrhpfhöb, y jstm, pmr supujstm, `js cairäa
pjrdhthnm smpmrtar j` va`mr fuabnm cuihjra shnm bjfjsarhm shb bhboõb fmstj
para j``ms. Vhb bhboõb thpm nj jslujrzm pmr su partj sj cuihjrab jbfmb
tranm jb `a lujrtj pmshfhöb jstratèohfa jb `a quj ym shjdprj hbtjbtm jstar

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9:8

fuabnm jstmy dabhpu`abnm
dabhpu`abnm ub va`mr. Wmnräa
Wmnräabb caijr jvhtanm quj j` prjfhm
njsfjbnhjra, y nj jsj dmnm hbsphrar fmblhabz
fmblhabzaa jb `a jstaih`hnan nj` bujvm
va`mr y jb j` shbnhfatm quj `m rjspa`naia. Njiä
Njiäab
ab caijr rjfmrnanm quj su
traiaem bm lhba`hzaia fmb j` cjfcm nj vjbnjr `as affhmbjs mlrjfhnas a`
põi`hfm. Jsm jra sö`m uba partj nj tmnm `m quj tjbäab quj pmbjr jb j`
djrfanm.
J``ms frjyjrmb caijr tjbhnm èxhtm, pjrm bm pasö dufcm thjdpm
abtjs nj quj `ms oravjs jrrmrjs fmdjthnms fmb sus nms faphta`js sj
chfhjrab aparjbtjs. J` põi`hfm bm fmdprö das affhmbjs, pmrquj tmnm j`
djrfanm caiäa njsarrm``anm
njsarrm``anm tjbnjbfhas njsfjb
njsfjbnjbtjs.
njbtjs. A `ms nj njbtrm sj
`js jbfmohö j` mdi`hom y njearm
njearmbb nj prmpmr
prmpmrfhmbar
fhmbar smpmrtj a Fmbsm`hnatjn
Vtmvj; y sh `ms nj njbtrm bm fmdprab su prmphm va`mr jb `as rjaffhmbjs,
½quhèb `m va a cafjr= @a ausjbfha nj smpmrtj nj` hbtjrhmr, sj afjpta oj
bjra`djbtj fmdm ub iujb prmbösthfm iaehsta.
Bm cay bjfjshnan nj jbtrar jb njta``js jstanästhfms. J` prjfhm nj
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj l`uftuaia fmb j` rjstm nj` djrfanm, pjrm bubfa jstuvm
pmr jbfhda nj `as fmthzafhmbjs hbhfha`js nj djrfanm, quj jrab sm`m uba
lraffhöb pmr jbfhda nj :7. A` lhba`, Iarbjs y sus adhoms tuvhjrmb quj
fmbvjrthrsj jb fmdpranmrjs para pmnjr dabtjbjr`m pmr jbfhdajbfhda nj >7. J`
cjfcm nj bm caijr smpmrtanm jsj va`mr jb jb j` fmdhjbzm nj su farrjra
farrjr a jb j`
 djrfanm jra a`om nj `m quj arrjpjbthrsj.
arrjpjbt hrsj. Wjrm bm caijr vjbnhnm tmnas `as
affhmbjs quj j` põi`hfm caiäa suisfrhtm jra dufcm pjmr.
NjBujva
im`sa nj tmnms dmnms,
Xmrk y j`suva`mr sj shouhö
prjfhm jstaia iaeabnm
fmthzabnmcasta
duynjtjbjrsj
l`meadjbtjjbjb6?.
`a
X sj njtuvm acä pmrquj Ehd Iarbjs y sus asmfhanms tuvhjrmb quj
dabtjbjr`m acä pmrquj su iabfm `js caiäa fmbfjnhnm ub prèstadm nj
trjhbta y fhbfm nö`arjs pmr affhöb, jb ub tmta` nj fhjb dh` affhmbjs. Vh j`
iabfm tratara nj `hquhnar su prèstadm, bm cafj la`ta njfhr a què prjfhm sj
rmdpjräa j` va`m
va`mr.JH
r.JH põi`hfm quj jstaia njs
njsjabnm
jabnm fmdprar`m a :7, pjrnäa
su hbtjrès fuabnm sj fmthzaia a 6?, y prmiai`jdjbtj
pr miai`jdjbtj tadpmfm `m cairäab
qujrhnm a 9?.
A djnhna quj pasaia j` thjdpm, `ms jxfjbnjbtjs iabfarhms jb
datjrha nj jxtjbshöb nj frènhtms, naia quj pjbsar a `a ojbtj. J` näa nj`
"fchfm
a` imrnjiabqujrm"
nj fajr jbcaiäa tmfanm
j` fmbsj
fmbsjrvanua rhsdm.
su lhb.. J`
rvanurhsdm bjomfhm
A `ms iabfarhm
adhoms äbthdmsparjfäa jstar
sj `js pjnäa
acmra quj
quj paoarab sus prèstadms, fmdm sh bubfa cuihjrab
cuihjrab euoanm a` om`l
fmb j` prjshnjbtj.

9<7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

@ms prjstadhstas bm bjfjshtaiab adjbazar, y `ms prjstatarhms bm

pjnäab dás thjdpm. @a shtuafhöb jra nj `m dás hbfödmna para adias
partjs. Wmr jejdp`m, j` iabfm fmb j` quj chzm bjomfhms dh adhom Ehd
Iarbjs, anmptaia tmnaväa uba adai`j afthtun, pjrm jra ub fasm nj "Wmr
admr nj Nhms, m bms vjrjdms tmnms djthnms jb ub tjrrhi`j `äm."
J` faráftjr nj` `äm y sus jxp`mshvas pmshih`hnanjs lujrmb sulhfhjb
tjs para quj Ehd Iarbjs vhbhjra a pjnhrdj quj `j vjbnhjra fhjb dh`
affhmbjs a ub prjfhm sulhfhjbtj fmdm para paoar j` prèstadm mtmroanm
pmr j` iabfm nj trjs dh``mbjs y djnhm nj nö`arjs. Acmra Ehd bm jspjraia
mitjbjr ijbjlhfhm fmb jsj va`mr. Jstaräab sathsljfcms fmb quj j` shbnhfatm
tuvhjra sö`m uba pjqujña pèrnhna.
Warjfäa uba fausa pjrnhna. J` djrfanm bm jra bh afthvm bh lujrtj,
aubquj a vjfjs sj prmnuejrab rjfupjrafhmbjs, fuabnm tmnm j` dubnm sj
rjabhdaia j hbtjbtaia frjjr quj `a msfh`afhöb a`fhsta jstaia a pubtm nj
rjabunar su fadhbm.
@a rjspujsta quj nh a Iarbjs luj quj ym aba`hzaräa j` djrfanm y
`j fmdubhfaräa iaem quj fmbnhfhmbjs dj caräa farom nj` traiaem. Ihjb, `m
aba`hfè. Bm aba`hfè j` õ`thdm hblmrdj abua` nj `a Fmdpañäa. Dhs
jstunhms sj `hdhtaiab a `a lasj nj` prmi`jda rj`athvm a` djrfanm nj
va`mr js. Bm hia a tratar nj fmbsjouhr uba djemra
va`mrjs. djemra jb `as oababfhas m jb `as
pjrspjfthvas nj` va`mr, hia a njscafjrdj nj aquj``as affhmbjs jb j`
djrfanm aihjrtm. ^mnm `m quj tjbäa jb fmbshnjrafhöb jra `m quj njihjra,
pmnäa m punhjra ayunardj m nardj a`ouba phsta jb jsta tarja.
Njsfuirä quj nms pjrsmbas jstaiab dabtjbhjbnm
dabtjbhjbnm njdashanas affhm
bjs, m sja, njdashanas affhmbjs njsnj j` pubtm nj vhsta nj `a sjourhn
sjourhnan
an y
njdashanas tadihèb njsnj j` pubtm nj vhsta nj `a fmdmnhnan. F`hltmb W.
Kabj & Fm., iabqujrms y fmrrjnmrjs, tjbäab sjtjbta dh` affhmbjs. Jrab
adhoms äbthdms nj Iarbjs y caiäab shnm nj orab hbl`ujbfha a `a cmra nj
jljftuar `a fmbsm`hnafhöb,
fmbsm`hn afhöb, ya quj nurabtj añms caiäab cjfcm uba jspjfha
`hnan nj `ms va`mrjs stmvj. Caiäab pjrdhthnm quj sus f`hjbtjs tuvhjrab `m
djemr. J` jx-sjbanmr Vaduj` Omrnmb, quj jra affhmbhsta jspjfha` nj `a
lhrdaa nj su smirhbm, Omrnmb Irms.
lhrd I rms.,, jra j` prmphjtarhm nj ub sjoubnm
sjoubnm `mtj nj
sjtjbta dh` affhmbjs nj Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj; y j` ladmsm Emscua _m` _m`ll
ll tjbäa
sjsjbta dh` affhmbjs. Jstm cafäa ub tmta` nj nmsfhjbtas dh` affhmbjs nj
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj, fmbtrm`anas pmr ub orupm nj prmljshmba`js nj _a``
Vtrjjt. J``ms bm bjfjshtaiab quj bhbouba pjrsmba adai`j
adai`j vhbhjra a njfhr`js
fuabnm njiäab vjbnjr sus
sus affhmbjs.
affhm bjs. Vaiäa quj sh ym cafäa a`om jb `a `äbja

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9<1

nj `a dabhpu`afhöb fa`fu`ana para atrajr a ub põi`hfm fmdpranmr, m sja,
sh cafäa a`om para fmbsjou
fmb sjouhr
hr quj j` va`mr lujra lujrtj y afthvm,
afthv m, Kabj
Kab j y
Omrnmb sj njnhfaräab a njscafjrsj nj `as affhmbjs, y bm jb nmshs
cmdjmpáthf
cmdjm páthfas.
as. @a vhshöb nj sus nmsfhjbtas
nmsfhjb tas dh` affhmbjs fayjbnm fmdm
`as aouas nj` Bháoara jbjb j` djrfanm, bm jra, jb aism`utm,
aism `utm, faut
fauthvanmr
hvanmra.a. Bm
cay quj m`vhnar quj `a "frjda" jstajstaia
ia aejba
aejba a` dmvhdhj
dmv hdhjbtm
btm a`fhsta
a`fhs ta y quj
a travès nj dhs mpjrafhmbjs
mpjrafhmb js bm sj fmbsjouhräa
fmbsjou hräa uba or
orab
ab njdabna,
njdabn a, aub
aubquj
quj
jstas mpjrafhmbjs sj ``jvarab a faim nj lmrda caih`hnmsa. Ehd Iarbjs bm
tjbäa h`ushmbjs afjrfa nj` traiaem quj è` jstaia njeabnm a dh lavmr. Dj
caiäa nanm ub va`mr jstabfanm, para quj `m vjbnhjra jb ub djrfanm a`
a`za quj jstá a pubtm nj jxca`ar su õ`thdm susphrm. Wmr supujstm, jb `ms
pjrhönhfms bm sj cai`aia nj` lhba` nj` djrfanm a` a`za, pjrm ym `m saiäa,
y Ehd Iarbjs `m saiäa, y apujstm a quj j` Iabfm tadihèb `m saiäa.
A pjsar nj tmnm,
tmnm , caiäa nanm dh pa`aira
pa` aira a Ehd, asä quj dabnè
dabn è ``adar
a Kabj, Omrnmb y _m`ll. Vus nmsfhjbtas dh` affhmbjs jrab `a jspana nj
Nadmf`js. Wjbsè quj dj oustaräa suisthtuhr uba fanjba nj afjrm pmr ub
faij``m. J` fadhbm dás láfh`, sjoõb dh frhtjrhm, jra a`oõb thpm nj afujrnm
rjfäprmfm.
rjfäpr mfm. Vh j``ms dj ayunaiab nj dmnm pashvm,
pas hvm, dabtjbhjbnm
dabtjbhj bnm `as affhmbjs
dhjbtras ym `j vjbnäa a` iabfm fhjb dh` affhmbjs, ym `js ayunaräa afthva
 djbtj tratabnm nj njsarrm``ar ub djrfanm
djrfan m jb j`
j` quj tmnms punhèradms
punhèra dms cafjr
`a njsfaroa. ^a` y fmdm jstaiab `as fmsas j``ms bm pmnäab vjbnjr bh `a
nèfhda partj nj sus affhmbjs shb cafjr quj Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj sj airhjra

nj`quj
`m tmnmpjnäa
tmnm,, y jsmnj`mj``ms
saiäabjratab
tabubihjb quj abubfa
euhfhm bub
`a fa sj `js
cmra nj mfurrhö
vjbnjr hbt
hbtjbta
jbtar`m.
y ub r`m. ^mnm
^m nm
hbtj`hojbtj
njshbtjrès
njshb tjrès para bm sjr jomäst
jomästaa nj lmrda pmfm hbtj`hojb
hb tj`hojbtj.
tj. Bh jb _a`` Vtrjjt,
Vtrjj t,
bh jb bhboõb mtrm `uoar, js rjfmdjbnai`j sjr njdashanm hbojbum. Xm
njsjaia fmbvjbfjr`js quj uba njsfaroa prjdatura, m da` fmbshnjrana,
hdpjnhräa `a tmta` njsfaroa.
njsfaro a. J` thjdpm pasaia.
Xm tjbäa `a jspjrabza nj quj dh prmpmshfhöb `js atrayjra, pmrquj
jrab cmdirjs jxpjrhdjbtanm
jxpjrh djbtanmss jb _a`` Vtrjjt y bm tjbäab
tjbäab h`ushmbjs afjrfa
nj `a aftua` njdabna nj Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj. F`hltmb W. Kabj jra j`
prjshnjbtj
prjshn jbtj nj uba pröspjra fasa nj fmdhshöb qujqu j tjbäa sufursa`j
sufursa`jss jb mbfj
fuhnanjs y fhjbtms nj f`hjbtjs.
f`hjbtjs . Jb j` pasanm, su lhrda caiäa aftuanm fmdm
dabaojr nj dás nj ub fmbsmrfhm.
fmbsmr fhm.
J` sjbanmr Omrnmb,
Omrnm b, quj tjbäa sjtjbta dh` affhmbjs
affhmbjs,, jra ub cmdirj
jxfjshvadjbtj
jxfjshv adjbtj rhfm. Vu bmdirj
bm dirj jra duy fmbmfhnm jbtrj `ms `jftmrjs nj `a
prjbsa djtrmpm`htaba, ya quj caiäa shnm njdabnanm
njdabnan m pmr hbfudp`
hbfudp`hdhjb-
hdhjb-

9<9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

tm nj pa`aira, pmr uuba

ba sjñmrhta nj nhjfhsjhs añms, fuya pprmljshöb
rmljshöb fmbshs
fmbshstäa
täa
jb cafjr `a dabhfura, y quj pmsjäa ub airhom nj vhsöb y fhjbtm trjhbta
y nms fartas nj` njdabnanm
njdabnanm.. È` caiäa ayunanm a su suss smirhbms a fmdjbzar
fmb sus bjomfhms fmdm fmrrjnmrjs y jra smfhm jspjfha` nj `a lhrda. Caiäa
jstanm jb nmfjbas nj fmbsmrfhms. Caiäa cjrjnanm ub orab hbtjrès jb `a
Dhn`abn Vtmvj Fmdpaby y pmsjäa fhjb dh` affhmbjs nj Fmbsm`hnatjn
Vtmvj . ^jbäa sulhfhjbtj fmdm para njear nj `anm `ms prmbösthfms a`fhstas
nj Ehd Iarbjs, y caiäa fmbsjouhnm ub ubaa fabthnan, jb djtá`
djtá`hfm,
hfm, nj trjhbta
dh` affhmbjs abtjs nj quj sj `j tjrdhbara j` djrfanm. Dás tarnj, nhem a
ub adhom quj cuihjra vjbnhnm dás, sh `ms njdás orabnjs aff affhmbhs
hmbhstas,
tas, quj
jrab vhjems j äbthdms adhoms, `j cuihjrab pjnhnm quj bm `m chfhjra, pjrm
fmdm
bm jrajstm bm mfurrhö,
j` aprmphanm è` `a
para sj vjbta.
njtuvm. Anjdás, fmdm ya nhej, j` djrfanm
J` tjrfjr cmdirj jra Emscua _m`ll. Wrmiai`jdjbtj, è` jra j` dás
fmbmfhnm nj tmnms `ms mpjranmrjs. Nurabtj vjhbtj añms, `a ojbtj `j caiäa
fmbmfhnm fmdm ubm nj `ms quj arrhjsoab tmnm jb j` parquè. A `a cmra nj
dabtjbjr y mlrjfjr affhmbjs, pmfms `j houa`aiab , para è`, nhjz dh` m
vjhbtjj dh` affhmbjs shobhlhfaiab `m dhs
vjhbt dhsdm
dm qquj
uj nmsfhjbtas
nmsfhjbta s m trjsfhjb
trjs fhjbtas
tas..
Abtjs nj ``joar a Bujva Xmrk, ym caiäa mhnm cai`ar nj è` fmdm ub orab
apmstanmr. È` jstaia mpjrabnm fmb ub orupm nj pjrsmbas quj euoaiab shb
`ädhtj, tabtm jb `as farrjras fmdm jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs.

pjrm è`Atjbäa
djbunm, sj `j afusöcaih`hnan
uba vjrnanjra nj bm sjry bana dás
dás quj
uba afthtun ub shdp`j euoanmr,
lujrtjdjbtj njsarrm
``ana para j` eujom jspjfu`athvm. A` dhsdm thjdpm, `a lada nj su
hbnhljrjbfha
hbnhljrjbfha jb tjdas hbtj`jftua`js
hbtj`jftua`js,, `j fmbvhrthö jb j` cèrmj nj ub bõdjrm
hbtjrdhbai`j nj abèfnmtas. Zba nj `as abèfnmtas dás fmbmfhna jra `a quj
fmbtaia quj Emscua jr jraa ub hbvhtanm nj `m quj è` njbmdhbaia fjba nj
pjfjs omrnms, y abtj ub njsfuhnm nj` ablhtrhöb, varhms nj `ms mtrms
hbvhtanms fmdjbzarmb a nhsfuthr nj `htjratura abtjs nj quj sj `js punhjra
njtjbjr.
Zba dufcafca quj jstaia sjbtana a su `anm y bm `j caiäa mhnm uth`hzar

y`a fmb
imfaaspjftm
para bana, jxfjptm
abshmsm para dasthfar
y njsjabnm jsfufcarprmpöshtms,
`a mphbhöbsj
nj`vm`vhö cafäa è`,
orab lhbabfhj
rm, `j prjoubtö, "Mc, Dr. _m`ll, ½què mphba ustjn nj Ia`zaf="
Emsc, nj dmnm duy jnufanm, njeö
njeö nj dasthfar, traoö y rjspmbnhö,
" ¡bubfa
¡bubfa mpjrè fmb sus affh
affhmbjs!
mbjs!""
Jstms jrab `ms trjs orabnjs affhmbhstas nj Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9<6

Fuabnm vhbhjrmb a vjrdj `js nhej quj sh lmrdaiab ub shbnhfatm
para mitjbjr a`oõb nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm
djt á`hfm y dj naiab uba mpfhö
mpfhöbb nj fmdpra
nj su va`mr ub pmfm pmr jbfhda nj` djrfanm, ym caräa tmnm `m quj
jstuvhjra jb dh dabm para frjar ub djrfanm.J``ms dj prjoubtarmb,
ráphnadjbtj, fuábtm nhbjrm sjräa bjfjsarhm.
@js fmbtjstè, "Cafj ya dufcm thjdpm quj thjbjb jstj va`mr, y bm
cab fmbsjouhnm cafjr bana fmb è`. Jbtrj `ms trjs, thjbjb nmsfhjbtas dh`
affhmbjs y saijb duy ihjb quj bm thjbjb `a dás däbhda pmshih`hnan nj
njscafjrsj nj j``as, a djbms quj fmbshoab frjar`as ub djrfanm.^hjbj
quj sjr ub djrfanm quj aismria tmnm `m quj tjbèhs quj nar`j, y sjräa
hbtj`hojbtj tjbjr sulhfhjbtj nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm fmdm para paoar fua`
quhjr affhöb quj sja bjfjsarhm fmdprar a` prhbfhphm. Bm shrvj nj bana
fmdjbzar y tjbjr quj parar njspuès pmr la`ta nj nhbjrm. Vuohjrm quj
lmrdjb ub shbnhfatm y rjõbab sjhs dh``mbjs jb djtá`hfm. Njspuès njb a`
shbnhfatmm uba mpfhöb nj fmdpra nj su
shbnhfat suss nmsfhjbtas dh` affhmbjs a >7 j
hbdmih`hfjb tmnas sus affhmbjs. Vh tmnm va ihjb,ustjnjs sj njscaráb nj
su fafcmrrm dujrtm y j` shbnhfatm mitjbnrá a`oõb nhbjrm."
Fmdm ya caiäa nhfcm abtjs, caiäa caihnm tmna f`asj nj rudmrjs
afjrfa nj dhs oababfhas jb j` djrfanm nj va`mrjs.
va`m rjs. Vupmbom quj jsm ayunö,
ya quj bana thjbj d
dás
ás èxhtm quj j` prmphm èxhtm. Nj tmnms dmnms, bm tuvj
 quj pjrnjrdj jb orabnjs jxp`hfafhmbjs
jxp`hfafhmb js fmb jstms dufcafcms. J``ms saiäabsaiäab
pjrljftadjbtj, casta nmbnj ``joaräab sh trataiab nj euoar fmb uba sm`a
iaza. Wjbsaiab quj dh p`ab jra iujbm. Fuabnm sj darfcarmb nhejrmb quj
lmrdaräab j` shbnhfatm hbdjnhatadjbtj.
Bm tuvhjrmb dufcms
dufcms prmi`jdas para hbnufhr a dufcm dufcmss nj sus adh
adhoms
oms
a quj sj ubhjrab a j``ms.
j``m s. Vupmbom quj cai`armb
cai`arm b fmb dás sjourhnan y lhrdjza
lhrdjza
quj ym, smirj `as oababfhas nj` shbnhfatm.
shbn hfatm. Vjoõb tmnm `m quj cj mhnm, j``ms
rja`djbtj frjäab jb jb j``m, asä
as ä quj bm sj pujnj njfhr quj sus prmbösthfms
lujrab
lujrab hbfmbsfhjb
hbfmbsfhjbtjs.
tjs. Nj tmnms dmnm
dmnms,s, j` shbnhfatm sj lmrdö jb ub par nj nj
näas. Kabj, Omrnmb y _m`ll nhjrmb mpfhmbjs nj fmdpra nj nmsfhjbtas
dh` affhmbjs a >7 j chfhjrmb `m pmshi`j para hbdmih`hzar `as affhmbjs, nj
lmrda quj bhbouba nj j``as punhjra sa`hr a` djrfanm, sh ym cafäa quj j`
prjfhm suihjra. Dj tjbäa quj prmtjojr. Jb dás nj uba mfashöb, p`abjs
vjrnanjrjadjbtj
vjrnanjrjadj btj prmdjtjnmrjs, cab nanm rjsu`tanms du duyy nhsthbtms a `ms
quj sj jspjraiab, njihnm a uba la`tala`ta nj fmb
fmblhabza
lhabza jbtrj `ms dhjdirms nj`
fmbsmrfhm m nj` orupm. Jb _a``_ a`` Vtrjjt, `ms pjrrms sj fmdjb
fmdjb a `ms pjrrms,
shb bhboõb thpm nj prjeuhfhm. A `a cmra nj safar `a sjoubna jdhshöb nj

9<> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Adjrhfab Vtjj` ynj_hrj

hbfudp`hdhjbtm Fmdpaby,
pa`aira `ms nj`
y nj tratar hbtjrhmr Jbtrj
nj vjbnjr. sj afusarmb jbtrj
Emcb _. sh njy
Oatjs
sus adhoms, y Vj`hodabs y sus iabfms asmfhanms, caiäa caihnm ub
afujrnm jbtrj faia``
faia``jrms.
jrms. Wu
Wujs,
js, ih
ihjb
jb , jb uba mlhfhba nj fmrrjtaej, mh a
a`ouhjb rjfhtar jstj vjrsm, quj sjoõb njfäab jstaia fmdpujstm pmr Emcb
_. Oatjs5
@a tarábtu`a sa`tö smirj `a jspa`na nj` fhjdphès
y rhö sathsljfca fmb eõih`m fruj`
"Jbvjbjbarè a jstj asjshbm, chem nj`lush`
sh bm dj jbvjbjba abtjs, è` a dä.

Quhjrm njear f`arm quj, bm ca shnm dh hbtjbfhöb suojrhr quj a

bhboubm nj dhs adhoms nj _a`` Vtrjjt,sj `js mfurrhjra cafjrdj j` eujom
sufhm jb uba mpjrafhöb. Wjrm iasábnmdj
iasábnmdj jb `ms prhbfhphms oojbjra`js,
jbjra`js, js
duy rjfmdjbnai`j jstar prjparanm para fua`quhjr thpm nj fmbthbojbfha.
Js sö`m sjbthnm fmdõb.
Njspuès nj quj _m`ll, Kabj y Omrnmb dj nhejrab quj ya caiäab
lmrdanm ub shbnhfatm para rjubhr `ms sjhs dh``mbjs jb djtá`hfm, ym ya bm
tjbäa bana quj
quj cafjr, jxfjptm jspjrar a quj ``joara j` nhbjrm. C
Caiäa
aiäa hbfhtanm
`a bjfjshnan vhta` nj `a prjfhphtafhöb. Vhb jdiarom j` nhbjrm vjbäa jb
anardjs. Frjm quj chfhjrmb la`ta fuatrm m fhbfm jbtrjoas. Bm sj fua` luj
`a razöb, pjrm rjfujrnm quj jbvhè ub V.M.V a _m`ll, Kabj y Omrnmb.
Jsa tarnj mituvj a`oubms fcjqujs quj sudaiab uba fabthnan nj
a`rjnjnmr nj fuatrm dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs y `a prmdjsa nj quj rjfhihräa j`
nhbjrm rjstabtj jb ubm m nms näas. Naia `a hdprjshöb nj quj j` shbnhfatm
pmnäa cafjr a`om abtjs nj quj lhba`hzara j` djrfanm a` a`za. Bm hia a sjr
láfh`, y fuabtm abtjs jdpjzara a traiaear, djemr sjräa. J` põi`hfm bm
jstaia duy h`ushmbanm fmb `ms bujvms dmvhdhjbtms nj` djrfanm jb
va`mrjs hbafthvms. Wjrm fmb fuatrm dh``mbjs jb djtá`hfm, sj pmnäa ``jvar
``jvar
a faim uba
uba orab
orab mpjrafhöb para j`jvar j` hbtjrès jb fua`quhjr va`mr. Jra
sulhfhjbtj fmb aismrijr tmnas `as pmshi`js mljrtas. Vh j` thjdpm uroäa, ta`
y fmdm nhej, bm tjbäa bhboõb sjbthnm jspjrar a quj ``joarab `ms mtrms nms
dh``mbjs. Fuabtm abtjs ``joara j` va`mr a :7, djemr para j` shbnhfatm. Jsm
jra mivhm.
A `a dañaba shouh
shouhjbtj,
jbtj, jb `a apjrtura, dj smrprjbnhö vjr quj jb
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj, sj jstaiab ``jvabnm a faim mpjrafhmbjs hbusua`djbtj
lujrtjs. Fmdm ya cj nhfcm abtjs, cafäa ya djsjs quj j` va`mr jstaia

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9<:

jstabfanm.
fuhnanm nj J`qujprjfhm sj caiäa njtjbhnm
bm njsfjbnhjra pmr njiaemjb 6?, Ehda Iarbjs
nj 6:, travès sj
nj` caiäa
orab
prèstadm iabfarhm. Wjrm jb `m rj`athvm a` asfjbsm, jra dás láfh` vjr a`
Wjñöb nj Ohira`tar dmvjrsj jb j` jstrjfcm,
jstrjf cm, quj
qu j vjr a Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj
suihr jb `a fhbta.
Wujs ihjb, aquj``a dañaba `a njdabna nj` va`mr luj iastabtj a`ta
y j` prjfhm suihö casta 68. Jb `a prhdjra cmra nj mpjrafhmbjs, `as trab
saffhmbjs lujrmb dás lujrtjs quj nurabtj tmnm j` djnhm añm abtjrhmr. Luj
`a sjbsafhöb nj` näa, y aljftö a tmnm j` djrfanm nj lmrda a`fhsta.
Njspuès, cj mhnm njfhr quj jb `as sa`as nj f`hjbtjs, nj `as fasas nj
fmdhshöb, bm sj mäa cai`ar nj mtra fmsa.

Xm bm
jdpjz aia
jdpjzaia saiäajrarsj,
a rjfup `m quj, bm
rjfupjrarsj shobhlhfaia, pjrm j` vjr quj
chrhö dhs sjbthdhjbtms jb Fmbsm`hnatjn
aism`ut
aism`utm. Vtmvj
m. Ojbj
Ojbjra`
ra`
djbtj,
djbt j, bm dj cafj la`
la`ta
ta prjoubtar
prjo ubtar afjrfa nj bhboõb dmvhdhjbt
dmv hdhjbtmm hbusua` nj
bhboõb va`mr, pmrquj dhs adhoms nj` parquè, fmrrjnmrjs quj cafjb bj
omfhms para dä, asä fmdm a`oubms adhoms pjrsmba`js quj tjbom jbtrj `ms
mpjranmrjs nj `a sa`a, dj dabthjbjb hblmrdanm. J``ms supmbjb quj a dä
dj oustaräa saijr`m, y dj tj`jlmbjab para fmbtardj fua`quhjr bmthfha m
rudmr quj rjfmojb.
 Jsj näa, tmnm `m quj ym mäa js quj sj jstaia prmnufhjbnm uba hb
fmblubnhi`j fmdpra hbtjrhmr jb Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj. Bm caiäa bhboõb
`avanm. ^mnm jra ojbuhbm. @ms fmdpranmrjs tmdarmb tmnas `as mljrtas,

mnjsnj
sj `js6?rmoaia
a 68, yquj
fuabnm
mlrjfsj `js a`oõb
mlrjfhjrab
hjrab hdpmrtubaia
hdpmrtu baia para, sj
prmbösthfm
prmb östhfm, prjoubtar
prjoubtar`js
bjoaiab`jsrmtubnad
`as razmbjs
rmtubnadjb jb
tj. Jstm chzm quj `ms mpjranmrjs avhspanms y misjrvanmrjs ``joarab a `a
fmbf`ushöb nj quj jstaia sufjnhjbnm a`om; a`om omrnm.
Fuabnm ub va`mr suij a fausa nj `a fmdpra pmr partj nj `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr, quhjbjs sj bhjoab a abhdar a tmnm j` dubnm a sjouhr`js, j`
prmbmsthfanmr
prmbms thfanmr fmdhjbza a prjoubtarsj,
prjoubtar sj, jb vmz a`ta, fuábnm sa`nrá a `a ``uzuz
`a bmta mlhfha`.
Xm bm chfj bana. Misjrvè, dj chfj prjoubtas y sjouä `a phsta nj
`as trabsaffhmbjs
trabsa ffhmbjs.. Wjrm a` näa shouhjbtj `a fmdpra bm luj sm`m dás orabnj
ora bnj
jb vm`udjb, shbm quj tjbäa tadihèb ub faráftjr dás aorjshvm. @as
örnjbjs nj vjbta, quj jstaiab njsnj cafäa djsjs jb `ms `hirms nj `ms
jspjfha`hstas pmr jbfhda nj 6?, sj aismrihjrmb shb bhbouba nhlhfu`tan, y
bm cuim örnjb
örnjbjs
js nj vjbta sulhfhjbtjs para vjrhlhfar j` asf
asfjbs
jbsm.
m. Batura`
Batura`
djbtj, j` prjfhm suihö. Wasö pmr jbfhda nj >7. ^mfö j` >9.

9<< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

jdpjzarJbaj`vjbnjr
dmdjbtm jb quj
j` va`mr qujtmfö jsa fhlra,
j` iabfm sjbtä quj
dabtjbäa jstaia
fmdm eusthlhfanm
fm`atjra`.
Wmr supujstm, dj lhourè quj j` prjfhm njsfjbnjräa fmb dh vjbta,
pjrm sh `a djnha nj tmna dh `äbja jra 6?, bm cairäa fmdjthnm bhboõb jrrmr.
jrrmr .
Xm saiäa fuá` jra j` vjrnanjrm va`mr nj `as affhmbjs, y caiäa ``joanm a
a`oubas fmbf`ushmbjs smirj `a fapafhnan nj vjbta jb `ms djsjs nj
hbafthvhnan. Wujs ihjb, `js luh vjbnhjbnm affhmbjs fmb fuhnanm casta quj
dj njschfj nj trjhbta dh`. ¡X j` asfjbsm sjouäa su fadhbm!
Jsa tarnj dj nhejrmb j` dmthvm nj aquj``a suihna tab mpmrtuba,
pjrm tab däthfa. Warjfj sjr quj, tras j` fhjrrj nj `a bmfcj abtjrhmr y abtjs
nj `a apjrtura
rjfhihnm nj `a dañaba
ub prmbösthfm quj shouhjbtj,
alhrdaia `ms
qujmpjranmrjs
ym jstaia nj`
duyparquè caiäab
a` a`za fmb
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj y quj hia a cafjr quj j` prjfhm suihjra nj lmrda
afj`jrana jb quhbfj m vjhbtj pubtms shb bhbouba rjaffhöb, sjoõb dh
fmstudirj, m sja, dh fmstudirj sjoõb `a ojbtj quj bubfa ouarna dhs
`hirms. J` prmbmsthfanmr jb pjrsmba, bm jra mtrm quj Emscua _m`ll. Luj
su prmpha fmdpra
fmdpra `a quj hbhfhö j` asfjbsm nj` näa abtjrhmr. @ms fmdphb
fcjs quj tjbäa jbtrj `ms mpjranmrjs nj` parquè, jstaiab njsjmsms nj
sjouhr sus fmbsjems, ya quj è` saiäa njdashanm, fmdm para nar fmbsjems
jrröbjms a sus adhoms.
Nj cjfcm,
cjfc m, `a prjshöb nj` va`mr jb j` djrfanm bm jra tab lujrt
lujrtjj fmdm
sj caiäa tjdhnm. Fmbshnjrj quj ym caiäa hbdmvh`hzanm trjsfhjbtas dh`
affhmbjs y fmdprjbnjrá quj `ms abthoums tjdmrjs tjbäab su lubnadjbtm.
Cafjr quj j` va`mr suihjra, caiäa rjsu`tanm sjr ub traiaem dufcm dás
láfh` nj `m quj ym caiäa prjvhstm.
Njspuèss nj tmnm,
Njspuè tm nm, Omvjrbmr L`mwjr tjbäa razöb. Vhjdprj quj sj `j
afusaia nj dabhpu`ar `as jspjfha`hnanjs
jspjfha `hnanjs nj su lhrda, ta`js fmdm Fchfaom
Oas, Ljnjra`
Ljnjra` Vtjj`, m I.Y,^., è` sm`äa njfhr;
njf hr;"" J` õbhfm dmnm
dmnm quj fmbmzfm
fmbmzfm
nj cafjr quj suia ub va`mr, js fmdprar`m."Jsj
fmdpr ar`m."Jsj jra tadihèb j` õbhfm dmnm
quj fmbmfäab `ms mpjranmrjs, y j` prjfhm caiäa rjspmbnhnm.
J` näa shouhjbtj, abtjs nj` njsayubm, `jä jb `ms pjrhönhfms nj `a
dañaba, `m quj jstaiab `jyjbnm fhjbtms y fhjbtms nj pjrsmbas y `m quj
hbnunai`jdjbtj sj fmdubhfö a travès nj `as `äbjas tj`jorálhfas a fhjbtms
nj sufursa`js y mlhfhbas nj lujra
lujra nj `a fhunan, y jra quj @arry @hvhbostmb
jstaia a pubtm nj rja`hzar mpjrafhmbjs a`fhstas afthvas jb Fmbsm`hnatjn
Vtmvj. @ms njta``js anhfhmba`js nhljräab. Zba vjrshöb njfäa quj ym caiäa
lmrdanm ub fmbsmrfhm fmb `ms nj` hbtjrhmr j hia a fasthoar j` orab vm`udjb
vm`udjb

Yjfujrnms nj
n j ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9<?

nj vjbtas a fmrtm. Mtra vjrshöb cafäa rjljrjbfha a nhvhnjbnms jb ub lluturm

fjrfabm. uturm
Mtra vjrshöb rjfmrnaia a` dubnm, quj `m quj ym cafäa fmb `as
affhmbjs, fmb `as quj jstaia a` a`za, jra a`om para rjfmrnar. Mtra vjrshöb
afusaia a `a fmdpañäa nj rjubhr sus affhmbjs fmb `a hbtjbfhöb nj pjrdhthr
uba afudu`afhö
afudu` afhöbb pmr partj nj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr. X tmnas ``as
as vjrshmbjs jstaiab
jstaia b
nj afujrnm jb quj j` asfjbsm bm caiäa fmdjbzanm nj ub dmnm eustm.
Wara fuabnm ``jouè a `a mlhfhba y `jh j` fmrrjm abtjs nj quj airhjra
j` djrfanm, supj, a fhjbfha fhjrta, quj _a`` Vtrjjt jstaia hbubnanm nj
prmbösthfms a` rmem vhvm, para fmdprar Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj nj hbdjnhatm.
Dh tj`èlmbm bm paraia nj smbar, y j` fmbsjrej quj rjspmbnäa a `as

``ada
``adanas
nasvjfjs
nj fhjb myö `anurabtj
dhsda prjoubt
prjoubta,
aquj``a a,dañaba5
lmrdu`ana nj vjrnan
½Jra uba dabjra
quj mFmbsm`hnatjn
nj mtra, dás
Vtmvj jstaia suihjbnm= Njim njfhr quj Emscua _m`ll, _m`ll, Kabj y Omrnmb,
Omrnmb ,
y pmshi`jdjbtj Ehd Iarbjs, chfhjrmb ub iujb traiaem, jb `m rj`athvm a `ms
prmbösthfms.
Xm bm tjbäa bh hnja nj quj jstaia tjbhjbnm ta` sjouhdhjbtm. Jsa
dañaba `as örnjbjs nj fmdpra ``joarmb njsnj tmnm j` paäs, örnjbjs nj
fmdpra nj fhjbtms nj affhmbjs
af fhmbjs,, quj cafj tab sm`m trjs näas, banhj qujräa a
 bhboõb prjfhm.
prjf hm. X bm m`vhnj quj, nj cjfcm,
cjfcm , tmnm `m quj j` põi`hfm tuvm quj
`jjr luj `a rjputafhöb quj dj nhjrmb `ms pjrhönhfms, fmdm apmstanmr nj
orab èxhtm; a`om quj tjbom quj aoranjfjr a dás nj ubm m nms rjpmrtjrms.

näa, y a`Ihjb, a` tjrfjr

quhbtm; näa nj` asfjbsm,
y `m prhdjrm asfj bsm, vjbnä
quj supj vjbn ä Fmbsm`hnatjn
js quj caiäa vjbnhnmVtmvj; y a`Iarbjs
para Ehd fuartm
`as fhjb dh` affhmbjs nj` va`mr quj j` Darsca`` Bathmba` Iabk dabtjbäa
fmdm fm`atjra` jb j` prèstadm nj trjs dh``mbjs y djnhm nj nö`arjs quj
jstaia
jsta ia pmr `hquhnar. Vh `a dabhpu`afhö
dabhpu`afhöbb nj èxhtm, js aquj``a jb `a sj fmbshouj
`m quj sj prjbtjbnäa, a` fmstj dás iaem para j` dabhpu`anmr, `a Fmbsm`h
natjn Vtmvj js, shb bhboõb ojbjrm nj nunas, `a mpjrafhöb nj dás èxhtm
nj tmna dh farrjra jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Jb bhboõb dmdjbtm tuvj quj tmdar
bhbouba affhöb. Bm tuvj quj fmdprar a` prhbfhphm para pmnjr vjbnjr dás
tarnj fmb dás lafh`hnan. Bm ``jvè j` prjfhm casta j` pubtm dás a`tm pmshi`j
para fmdjbzar jbtmbfjs `a vjrnanjr
vjrnanjraa vjbta. Bh shquhjra tuvj quj jljftuar

`a vjbta
sujñm nj`prhbfhpa` jjb j` njsfjbsm,
paraäsm jbfmbtr
bfmbtrar shbm
ar ub pmnjr nj jb j` asfjbsm.
fmdpr
fmdpra Jrapara
a anjfuanm ub vjrnanjrm
tä, shb quj
tõ cayas dmvhnm ub njnm para fmbsjouhr`m, parthfu`ardjbtj fuabnm sj
thjbj prhsa. Zba vjz, mä njfhr a ub adhom nj Omvjrbmr L`mwjr quj jb uba

9<3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

nj `as orabnjs
I.Y.^. mpjrafhmbjs
j` fmbsmrfhm
fmbsmrfh m vjbnhönj` `änjr ta
fhbfujbta
fhbfujb a`fhsta a fujbta
y fhbfm dh` nj ub fmbsmrfhm
dh` affhmbjs jb
nj ub va`mr
fmb uba orab oababfha, pjrm L`mwjr & Fm. fmbshouhö fmdhshmbjs jb dás
nj nmsfhjbtas fhbfujbta dh` dh` affhmbjs y _.W.Cadh`tmb nhfj quj para
nhstrhiuhr nmsfhjbtas vjhbtj dh` affhmbjs nj Ada`oadatjn Fmppjr,
Eadjs Y. Kjjbj njihö caijr mpjranm jb, a` djbms, sjtjfhjbtas dh`
affhmbjs nj` va`mr nurabtj `a dabhpu`afhöb. ¡Djbuna
¡Djbuna fmdhshöb! Whjbsj
jb j``m, y fmbshnjrj njspuès quj `as õbhfas fmdhshmbjs quj tuvj quj
paoar lujrmb `as fmdhshmbjs smirj `as fhjb dh` affhmbjs quj vjbnä para
Ehd Iarbjs. Xm a jsm `m ``adm acmrrm.
Caiäa vjbnhnm `m afmrnanm para dh adhom Ehd, j` nhbjrm quj j`
shbnhfatm caiäa afmrnanm rjubhr bm caiäa shnm jbvhanm tmnaväa, y ym bm
sjbtäa bhboõb njsjm nj vm`vjr a fmdprar bhbouba nj `as affhmbjs quj
caiäa vjbnhnm, asä quj njfhnä quj sjräa uba iujba hnja sa`hr y tmdardj
ubas vafafhmbjs fmrtas. Bm `m rjfujrnm jxaftadjbtj. Wjrm rjfujrnm duy
ihjb quj njeè
njeè j` va`mr sm`m y bm pasm dufcm thjdpm abtjs nj quj j` prjfhm
fmdjbzara a al`mear.
al`mear. Zb näa, fuabnm tmnm j` djrfanm jstaia iastabtj
nèih`, a`oõb a`fhsta njsabhdanm quhsm njscafjrsj nj sus affhmbjs nj
Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj aprjsuranadjbtj, y fmb sus mljrtas j` va`mr sj
rmdphö pmr njiaem
njiaem nj` prjfhm nj `a mpfhöb, quj jra nj >7. Banhj parjfäa
qujrjr affhmbjs. Fmdm ya cj nhfcm abtjrhmrdjbtj, bm jstaia a` a`za jb
`a
pmrshtuafhöb ojbjra`
j` dh`aorm y jsm
quj dj chzmpjrdhthnm
caiäa quj dj shbthjra das sathsljfcm
njscafjrdj nj fhjb dh`quj bubfa
affhmbjs
shb tjbjr quj cafjr quj j` prjfhm suihjra vjhbtj m trjhbta pubtms jb uba
sm`a sjdaba, ta` y fmdm caiäab prmljthzanm `ms hbbudjrai`js prmbmsth-
fanmrjs.
A` bm jbfmbtrar smpmrtj,
smpmrtj , j` prjfhm tmdö `a fmstudirj
fmstudirj nj njsfjbnjr
nj lmrda rjou`ar casta quj ub näa sj rmdphö y ``joö a 69. Jsa luj `a
fmthzafhöb dás iae
iaeaa quj sj rjohströ
rjoh strö,, ta` y fmdm ustjn rjfmrnará,
rjfmrnar á, Ehd Iarbjs
y j` shbnhfatm mrhohba` caiäab jstaih`hzanm j` prjfhm jb 6?,6? , para quj j` iabfm
bm pushjra jb j` djrfanm sus fhjb dh` affhmbjs.

fuabnmJsj
djnäa jstaia ym ajbEmscua
abubfharmb dh mlhfhba
mlhfhba jstunhabnm
_m`ll. Nhej quj`a`jfhbta
vjräa.trabquh`a
trabquh`adjbtj,
È` jbtrödjbtj,
aprj
suranadjbtj.
surana djbtj. Bm jra ub cmdirj duy duy lmrbhnm, pjrm tjbäa ub aspjftm orab
nhmsm, hdpjtumsm, ta` y fmdm njsfuirä hbdjnhatadjbtj.
\hbmm fmrrhjbnm casta
\hb c asta j` `uoar jb j` quj ym dj jbfmbtraia, a` `anm
`anm nj`
prmbmsthfanmr y orhtö, "¡Cjy! ½Què njdmbhms pasa="

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9<8

"Vhèbtjsj,
hbnufhr`j a cai`ar Dr. _m`ll," `j nhej fmrtjsdjbtj y dj sjbtè para
fmb fa`da.
"¡Bm quhjrm bhbouba sh``a! ¡Quhjrm saijr `m quj shobhlhfa!" orhtö
fmb j` ttmbm
mbm dá
dáss a`tm nj su vmz.
"½Què shobhlhfa="
"½Què njdmbhms `j jstá cafhjbnm="
"½Què `j jstmy cafhjbnm a què=
" ¡ A jsj va`mr! ¡A jsj va`mr!"
"½Què va`mr=" `j prjoubtè. Wjrm jsm sm`m chzm quj sj pushjra rm
"½Què rmem,
em,
pmrquj orhtö, "¡Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj! ½Què js `m quj `j jstá cafhjbnm="
"¡Bana! Aism`utadjbtj bana. ½Què js `m quj sufjnj=" nhej.
Jbtmbfjs
jxp`mtar5 "¡Dhrj dj dhrö hbtjbsadjbtj
j` prjfhm! ¡Därj`m!" nurabtj fhbfm sjoubnms abtjs nj
Fhjrtadjbtj,
Fhjrtadj btj, jstaia duy jbmeanm. Asä quj dj `jvabtè y dhrè
dhrè `a fhbta.
Nhej, "J` prjfhm js acmra 611/>."
"¡Vä! trjhbta y ubm y ub fuartm.
"Xa sèsè quj thjbj sjtjbta dh` affhmbjs. Cafj dufcm quj `as thjbj,
pmrquj fuabnm a` prhbfhphm fmdprö sus Oray Vtmvj..."
Wjrm bm dj njeö tjrdhbar. Nhem, "Wjrm fmdprè dufcas dás.¡ A`
 oubas nj j``as dj fmstarmb hbf`usm >7! ¡X tmnaväa `as tjbom!
Dj jstaia dhrabnm
dhrabnm nj ub dmnm tab cmsth` quj nh
nhej
ej,"
," ym bm `j nhe
nhejj
quj `as fmdprara."
"½Què
"Xm bmustjn
`j nhejbmquj
què="
sj faroara casta `ms tmpjs nj jsas affhmbjs."
"Xm bm nhom quj ustjn `m chfhjra. Wjrm ustjn hia a asfjbnjr`as ..."
"½Wmrquè hia a cafjr`m= hbtjrrudpä.
Dj dhrö, `a fm`jra `j hdpjnäa cai`ar. Fuabnm sj jbfmbtrö nj
bujvm, nhem, "ustjn hia a cafjr quj suihjrab. ^jbäa j` nhbjrm para fmd
prar`as."
"Vä. Wjrm bm fmdprè bh uba," `j nhej.
Jsa luj `a omta quj fm`dö j` vasm.
"½Bm fmdprö bh uba affhöb, y tjbäa dás nj fuatrm dh``mbjs jb
djtá`hfm fmb quj fmdprar=½Bm fmdprö
fmdprö bh uba="
"¡Bh uba!"
ubajstaia
Wara jbtmbfjs !" rjp
rjpjtä.
jtä.
ya tab `mfm nj hra què bh shquhjra jra fapaz nj cai`a
cai`ar.
r.
Lhba`djbtj, sj `as arrjo`ö para njfhr, "½Födm ``ada ustjn a jsta
f`asj
f`asj nj eujom="

9?7 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Hbtjrhmrdjbtj, è` dj jstaia afusabnm nj tmnm thpm nj frhdjbjs.

Wunj vjr uba `aroa `hsta nj cmrrhi`js frhdjbjs jb sus mems. JsJstm
tm dj chzm
njfhr`j5 "_m`ll, `m quj rja`djbtj dj quhjrj prjoubtar, js pmrquè bm `j
fmdprè pmr jbfhda nj :7 `as affhmb
affhmbjsjs quj ustjn fmdprö pmr njiaem nj nj
>7. ½Bm js jsm="
"Bm, bm js jsm. Zstjn tjbäa uba mpfhöb jb >7 y fuatrm dh``mbjs jb
djtá`hfm para cafjr quj suihjra j` prjfhm. "
"Vä, pjrm bm cj tmfanm j` nhbjrm, y j` shbnhfatm bm ca pjrnhnm ub
sm`m fèbthdm fmb dhs mpjrafhmbjs."
"Dhrj, @hvhbostmb..." fmdjbzö a njfhr.
Wjrm bm `j njeè njfhr bana dás.
"Jsfõfcjdj ustjn a dä, _m_m`l`ll.
l. Zstjn saiäa quj `as nmsfh
nmsfhjbtas
jbtas dh`
affhmbjs quj ustjn, Omrnmb
Omrnmb y Kabj tjbäab
tjbäab jb j` djrfanm jstaiab para`hza-
par a`hza-
nas, y quj bm cairäa dufcas affhmbjs l`mtabtjs m hbnjfhsas sh ym suiha j`
prjfhm, a`om quj tjbäa quj cafjr pmr nms razmbjs5 @a prhdjra frjar ub
djrfanm para j` va`mr; y `a sjoubna mitjbjr ub ijbjlhfhm nj `a mpfhöb jb
>7. Wjrm ustjnjs bm jstaiab sathsljfcms fmb fmbsjouhr >7 pmr `as sjsjbta
dh` affhmbjsquj ``jvab djsjs arrastrabnm fmb nhlhfu`tan m fmb sus par
thfhpafhmbjs jb `ms ijbjlhfhms nj` shbnhfatm, sh js quj cuihjra a`ouba; asä
quj njfhnhjrmb tmdar ub dmbtöb nj affhmbjs pmr njiaem nj >7, para njs
faroárdj`as a dä fuabnm ym suihjra j` prjfhm fmb j` nhbjrm nj` shbnhfatm,
a`om quj ustjnjs jstaiab sjourms nj quj ym hia a cafjr, ustjnjs
fmdpraräab abtjs quj ym, y sj njscaräab
njscaräa b nj `a
`ass affhmbjs abtjs quj ym; fmb
tmna sjourhnan ym hia a sjr j` quj rjfhihjra `a njsfaroa. Vupmbom quj
ustjnjs sj lhouraräab
lhouraräab quj ym hia a suihr j` prjfhm casta <7. Jra tab mivhm
quj prmiai`jdjbtj fmdprarmb nhjz dh` affhmbjs fmb j` sö`m prmpmshtm
nj `a vjbta, y para asjourarsj nj quj a`ouhjb smstjbäa `a im`sa, sh js quj
ym bm `m cafäa, nhjrmb prmbösthfms a tmnm j` dubnm njbtrm nj `ms Jstanms
Zbhnms, Fabaná y Dèxhfm shb pjbsar jb `as nhlhfu`tanjs quj jstm dj
apmrtaia. ^mnms sus adhoms saiäab `m quj ym dj prmpmbäa cafjr. Jbtrj
sus fmdpras y ``as
as däas, ustjnjs sj lrmtaräab `as dabms. Wujs ihjb, `ms
adhoms äbthdms
rjspjfthvms a quhjbjs
adhoms ustjnjs
njspuès nhjrmb j`sus
nj fmdprar prmbösthfm, `m pasarmb
rjspjfthvas `äbjas, ay sus
asä
sufjshvadjbtj casta ``joar a ub quhbtm m sjxtm jstratm nj rjfhihnmrjs nj
prmbösthfm, asä quj sh lhba`djbtj ym dj njfhnäa a cafjr a`ouba fmdpra,
dj jbfmbtraräa fmb quj tjbäa pmr nj`abtj a varhms fhjbtms nj jspjfu`anm
rjs avhspanms. Luj a`om duy adhstmsm pmr su partj _m`ll. Bm sj pujnj

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9?1

hdaohbar `a smrprjsa
a suihr abtjs nj quj ymqujpjbsara
dj ``jvè
jb fuabnm
fmdprarFmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvjbhfmdjbzö
uba sm`a affhöb; tadpmfm
sj hdaohba `m aoranjfhnm quj dj sjbtä fuabnm j` shbnhfatm vjbnhö fhjb
dh` affhmbjs a`rjnjnmr nj >7 a `a ojbtj quj dj hia a vjbnjr jsas dhsdas
affhmbjs a :7 ö <7. Ash quj, ya vj, sjouradjbtj
sjo uradjbtj luh ub hnhmta a` bm uth`hzar
`ms fuatrm dh``mbjs, ½vjrnan=. J` nhbjrm jb djtá`hfm sj dj lafh`htö para
fmdprar affhmbjs, sh jra bjfjsarhm. X ya vj, bm `m frjä bjfjsarhm."
Emscua ``jvaia jb _a`` Vtrjjt j` thjdpm bjfjsarhm fmdm para bm
njear quj `a hra hbtjrlhrhjra jb sus bjomfhms. Vjoõb dj mäa cai`ar, sj hia
trabquh`hzabnm, y fuabnm
fuabnm tjrdhbè nj cai`ar dj nhnhem
em fmb ub adhstmsm tmbm
nj vmz, "Iujbm @arry, vhjem adhom, ½què vadms a cafjr acmra="
"Caoa
"\adms,`m bm
qujsja
`j asä.
p`azfa."
½Què cuihjra cjfcm ustjn nj jstar jb bujstrm
`uoar="
"Nj jstar jb su `uoar," nhej sm`jdbjdjbtj, "½saij `m quj cuihjra
cjfcm="
"½Què="
" ¡Cairäa vjbnhnm!" `j nhej.Dj dhrö ub dmdjbtm,
dmdjbt m, y shb djnhar mtra
pa`aira sj nhm `a vuj`ta y sa`hö nj dh mlhfhba. Bubfa ca vuj`tm.
 Wmfm thjdpm njspuès, ``adö j` Vjbanmr Omrnmb. ^adihèb è`
jstuvm iastabtj da`cudmranm y dj fu`pö nj sus prmi`jdas. Njspuès
Kabj sj ubhö tadihèb a` fmrm. Vj m`vhnarmb nj quj su va`mr jra hbvjbnhi`j
hbvjbnh i`j
fuabnm
vjbnä suslmrdarmb
affhmbjsj`fuabnm
shbnhfatm.
tuvj @m
`ms õbhfm qujnj`rjfmrnaiab
dh``mbjs shbnhfatm yjs`asquj ym bm
affhmbjs
jrab afthvas,
afthvas , jb >>, y acmra, `as affhmbjs
affh mbjs jstaiab jb 67 y tab
tab turihas fmdm
j` aoua nj lrjoar `ms p`atms. Vjoõb j``ms, ym njijräa caijr vjbnhnm y
fmbsjouhnm ub iujb ijbjlhfhm.
Wjrm, pmr supujstm, ``joanm j` dmdjbtm sj fa`darmb. J` shbnhfatm
jstaia shb ub fèbthdm, y j` prmi`jda prhbfhpa` sjouäa jstabnm acä5 vjbnjr
sus affhmbjs. Zbm m nms näas dás tarnj, vm`vhjrmb y dj phnhjrmb quj `js
ayunara. Omrnmb jstuvm parthfu`ardjbtj hbshstjbtj y a` lhba` chfj quj
pushjrab `as affhmbjs nj` fmbsmrfhm jb 9: d. @a tarhla pmr dhs sjrvhfhms
sjräa `a dhtan nj `a fabthnan quj ym fmbshouhjra, shjdprj quj jstuvhjra
pmr jbfhda nj jsa fhlra. @a õ`thda vjbta sj caiäa cjfcm a`rjnjnmr nj 67.
Acä jstaia ym nj bujvm fmb su va`mr para `hquhnar. Nanas `as
fmbnhfhmbjs ojbjra`js nj` djrfanm y, jspjfha`djbtj, j` fmdpmrtadhjb
tm nj Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj, sö`m caiäa ub dmnm nj cafjr`m, y fmbshstäa,
fmbshstä a, pmr

9?9 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

supujstm, jb vjbnjr jb j` njsfjbsm, shb abtjs hbtjbtar suihr j` prjfhm y

njsnj `ujom cuihjra fmbsjouhnm uba orab fabthnan nj affhmbjs jb j`
asfjbsm. Wjrm jb j` njsfjbsm pmnräa a`fabzar a jsms fmdpranmrjs quj
shjdprj nhsfutjb quj ub va`mr js iaratm fuabnm sj vjbnj quhbfj m vjhbtj
pubtms pmr njiaem
njiaem nj `a fhda nj` dmvhdhjbtm, parthfu`ardjbtj fuabnm
jsta fhda js ub natm nj `a chstmrha rjfhjbtj. Jbtmbfjs, sjoõb su mphbhöb,
sj prmnufhrá uba rjfupjrafhöb. ^ras vjr fmdm Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj sj
vjbnäa jb fjrfa nj >>>>,, tjbäa du
duyy iujb aspjftm pmr nnjiae
jiaemm nj 67.
Lubfhmbö fmdm shjdprj. @ms fazanmrjs nj oaboas `m fmdprarmb
jb ub vm`udjb sulhfhjbtj, quj dj pjrdhthö `hquhnar `as affhmbjs nj`
fmbsmrfhm. Wjrm, ½frjj ustjn quj Omrnmb, _m`ll m Kabj shbthjrmb a`ouba
orathtun=. Bh pmr asmdm. ^mnaväa jstáb rjsjbthnms fmbdhom, m a` djbms
jsm js `m quj dj nhfjb sus adhoms. A djbunm fujbtab a `a ojbtj `m quj
`js chfj. Bm pujnjb pjrnmbardj pmr bm cafjr quj j` prjfhm suihjra, a dh
fmsta, ta` y fmdm j``ms jspjraiab.
Nj cjfcm, bubfa cairäa
cair äa shnm fapaz nj vjbnjr `as fhjb dh` affhmbjs
nj` iabfm sh _m`ll y j` rjstm bm cuihjrab nanm a tmnm j` dubnm aquj``ms
prmbösthfms. Vh ym cuihjra traiaeanm fmdm shjdprj, m sja, nj ub dmnm
`öohfm y batura`, cuihjra tjbhnm quj afjptar fua`quhjr prjfhm. Xa cj
nhfcm quj bms anjbtradms jb ub djrfanm njsfjbnjbtj. J` õbhfm dmnm
nj vjbnjr jb ub djrfanm nj jsas faraftjrästhfas,
faraftjrästhfas , bm js vjbnjr tjdjrarha
djbtj,
pjrm shbm cafhjbnm
supmbom quj j``msfasm mdhsm
bm `m nj`J``ms
frjjb. prjfhm. Bm cay
tmnaväa mtrmjblurjfhnms.
jstáb dmnm pmshi`j,
Xm
bm. Jblanarsj bm ``jva a bhbouba parpartj.
tj. Dás nj uba vjz cj pjbsan
pjbsanmm quj
j` jspjfu`anmr quj phjrnj j` nmdhbhm nj sh dhsdm, jstá dujrtm. Jb jstj
fasm sus jblanms bm tuvhjrmb jljftms. Wjrm `j nhrè a`om furhmsm. Zb näa
Drs. @hvhbostmb
@hvhbo stmb lu
lujj a uba dmnhsta quj `j caiä
caiäab
ab rjfmdjbnanm dufc
dufcm.m.
@a duejr jra fmdpjtjbtj, rjspmbsai`j y tjbäa uba aoranai`j pjrsmba`h
nan. Jb `a tjrfjra m fuarta vhshta, fuabnm `a dmnhsta sj shbthö djbms
jxtraña y tuvm dás fmblhabza
fmblhabza `j nhem
nhem a Drs. @hvhbostm
@hvhbostmb5
b5 "Jspjrm quj Dr.
@hvhbostmb suia Fmbsm`hnatjn Vtmvj prmbtm. Bmsmtrms tjbjdms a`oubas
affhmbjs quj fmdpradms pmrquj bms nhejrmb quj `as hia a suihr, y
shjdprj cjdms
cjdms mhnm quj è` thjbj duf
dufcm
cm èxhtm jb tmnas sus mpjrafhmbjs."
Bm js bana aoranai`j pjbsar quj pjrsmbas hbmfjbtjs pujnab
pjrnjr nhbjrm shouhjbnm ub prmbösthfm nj jsj thpm. Quhzás acmra jbthjbna
pmr què ym bubfa nmy prmbösthfms. @a dmnhsta dj chzm sjbthr quj, jb
fujsthöb nj aoravhms, ym jra quhjb njiäa sjbthr rjbfmr cafha _m`ll.

SSHHH
@a jspjfu`afhöb fmb va`mrjs bubfa njsaparjfjrá. Bm js bana
njsjai`j. Bm js a`om quj sj pujna rjvhsar nabnm fmbsjems smirj `ms
pj`horms quj jbfhjrra. Bm sj pujnj jvhtar quj `a ojbtj caoa da`ms
prmbösthfms, sja fua` sja su caih`hnan m su jxpjrhjbfha. @ms p`abjs dás
fuhnanmsadjbtj prjparanms pujnjb ``joar a da` pujrtm fuabnm sufjnj
`m hbjspjranm, m hbf`usm `m hbjspjrai`j. J` njsastrj pujnj vjbhr a fausa
nj uba fmbvu`shöb nj `a batura`jza, nj` thjdpm atdmslèrhfm, nj tu prmphm
jomhsdm m nj tu prmpha vabhnan; nj` dhjnm m nj `a jspjrabza hbfmbtrm
`ana. Wjrm apartj nj `m quj ubm pmnräa njbmdhbar, jbjdhoms batura`js,
ub jspjfu`anmr njij `ufcar fmbtra fhjrtas práfthfas m aiusms nj `ms quj
ubm bm sj pujnj njljbnjr bh bmrda` bh fmdjrfha`djbtj.
Fuabnm dhrm cafha atrás y fmbshnjrm fua`js jrab `as práfthfas
fmdubjs cafj vjbthfhbfm añms fuabnm vhbj a _a`` Vtrjjt pmr prhdjra
vjz, tjbom quj andhthr quj sj cab prmnufhnm dufcms fadihms a djemr.
@as abthouas iufkjt scmps cab njsaparjfhnm, aubquj `as fasas nj "fmrrj
taej" prmspjrab tmnaväa a fmsta nj cmdirjs y duejrjs quj hbshstjb jb
tmdar partj jb j` eujom y cafjrsj rhfms. @a Im`s Im`saa nj \a`
\a`mrjs
mrjs jstá
cafhjbnm ub jxfj`jbtj traiaem, bm sm`m pjrshouhjbnm a `ms jstalanmrjs,
shbm cafhjbnm èblashs jb `a hdpmrtabfha
hdpmrta bfha nj quj sus dhjdirms sj anchjrab
a sus bmrdas. Cmy jb näa, jstáb jb vhomr dufcas rjou`afhmbjs y
rjst
rjstrhffh
rhsdmrhffhmbjs,
mbjs,
dás pjrm tmnaväa
arrahoanm nj _a``cay `uoar
`uoar
Vtrjjt bmpara `asfu`pai`j
js tab djemras.njJ`hbsjbshih`hnan
fmbsjrvanu
èthfa, fmdm nj `a pjrshstjbfha nj fhjrtms aiusms.

9?6

9?> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

@a jspjfu`afhöb
pjrm thjbnj a sjr`m fanafmb
näava`mrjs
dás. Bmcacafj
shnm dufcm
shjdprjthjdpm,
nhläfh` yubijbjlhfhmsa,
vjrnanjrm
mpjranmr pmnäa tjbjr ub iujb fmbmfhdhjbtm a bhvj` nj traiaem nj
práfthfadjbtj tmnms `ms va`mrjs nj `a `hsta.
`hst a. Jb 1871, fuabnm E. W. Dmroab
frjö `a Zbhtjn Vtatjs Vtjj` Fmrpmrathmb, quj jra tab sm`m uba fmbsm`hna
fhöb nj fmbsm`hnafhmbjs djbmrjs, `a daymräa nj `as fua`js tjbäab djbms
nj nms añms, `a Im`sa nj \a`mrjs tjbäa 9?: va`mrjs jb su `hsta y fjrfa nj
177 jstaiab lujra nj j``a; y aquä sj hbf`uäab ub dmbtöb nj va`mrjs quj
ubm bm njiäa fmbmfjr pmr bjfjshnan, pmrquj jrab jrab va`mrjs duy pjqujñms,
m hbafthvms,
hbafth vms, ya quj jrab va`mrjs dhbmrhtarhms
dhbmrhtarh ms m oarabthzanms y pmr `m tabtm
farjfäab nj atraffhöb jspjfu`athva. Nj cjfcm, uba orab daymräa jrab
va`mrjs jb `ms quj bm sj caiäa cjfcm bhbouba
bhbouba mpjrafhöb nurabtj añms. Jb
`a aftua`hnan cay a`rjnjnmr nj 877 va`mrjs jb `a `hsta rjou`ar, y `ms
djrfanms afthvms mpjrab fmb ubms <77 va`mrjs. @m quj js dás, `ms
abthoums orupms, m f`asjs nj va`mrjs, jrab
jrab duy láfh`js
láfh`js nj sjouhr. Bm sm`m
caiäa djbms, shbm quj anjdás `a faphta`hzafhöb jra dás pjqujña y
`as bmthfhas quj njiäa sjouhr j` mpjranmr bm fuiräab ub fadpm tab
adp`hm. Wjrm j` cmdirj nj cmy jb näa mpjra jb tmnm; fash tmnas `as
hbnustrhas nj` dubnm jstáb rjprjsjbtanas. Dabtjbjrsj hblmrdanm
rjquhjrj
rjquhj rj dufcm dás thjdpm y traiaem y jjbb jsj sjbthnm `a jspjfu`afhöb sj
ca fmbvjrthnm jb uba tarja dufcm dás nhläfh` para aquj``ms quj mpjrab
hbtj`hojbtjdjbtj.
Cay dufcms dh`js nj pjrsmbas quj fmdprab y vjbnjb va`mrjs
jspjfu`athvadjbtj, pjrm j` bõdjrm nj `ms quj jspjfu`ab fmb ijbjlhfhms
ijbjlhfhms js
pjqujñm. Jb fhjrtm dmnm, j` põi`hfm jstá shjdprj
shjdprj "jb" j` djrfanm,
djrfanm , pmr `m
tabtm, sj pujnj njfhr quj j` põi`hfm shjdprj sulrj pèrnhnas. @ms jbjdh
oms dmrta`js nj` jspjfu`anmr smb5 `a hobmrabfha, `a fmnhfha, j` dhjnm y
`a jspjrabza. Bh tmnms `ms `hirms nj` dubnm, bh tmnas `as bmrdas nj tmnas
`as Im`sas nj \a`mrjs quj jxhstjb smirj `a thjrra, pujnjb j`hdhbar a jstms
jbjdhoms nj` sjr cudabm. @ms affhnjbtjs quj nab a` trastj fmb p`abjs
fmbfjihnms fuhnanmsadjbtj,
fuhnanmsadjbt j, jstáb tadihèb dás a``á nj `a rrjou`afhöb
jou`afhöb quj
pujnab ``jvar a faim jfmbmdhstas nj saborj lräa
lräa m lh`ábtrmpms nj fmrazöb
fa`hjbtj.
hblmrd Qujna
hblmrdafhöb
afhöb mtranjlujbtj
jrröbja lmrda nj pèrnhnasjbquj
nj`hijrana, fmbshstj
nmbnj jb prmpmrfhmbar
sj pmnäab ffhtar
htar a`oubms
a`oubms
prmbösthfms. Jstj jbjdhom js j` dás
dás hbshnhmsm
hbshnhmsm y pj`hormsm,
pj`h ormsm, ya quj
quj pujnj
``joar a` mpjranmr nhslrazanm y fadul`anm nj duy nhvjrsas lmrdas.
J` cmdirj djnhm, quj mpjra njsnj lujra, mpjra iasábnmsj jb
prmbösthfms m jb rudmrjs, jsfrhtms m hdprjsms, nhrjftms m hdp`hfanms.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjr
mpjranmr
anmr nj affhmbjs 9?:

Zbm
adhombmnjsjtmna
pujnj
`a njljbnjr
njlj
vhnabnjr nj fmb
njsja `ms prmbösthfms mrn
mrnhbarhms
tmna shbfjrhnan hbarhms.
cafjr`j. Wmr
rhfmjejdp`m, ub
nhfhèbnm`j
`m quj è` ca cjfcm, fmdprar m vjbnjr a`oõb va`mr. Vu hbtjbfhöb js iujba.
Wjrm sh j` prmbösthfm sa`j da` ½què vas a cafjr= Wmr mtrm `anm, j` põi`hfm
jstá prmtjohnm jb fmbtra nj `ms prmbmsthfanmrjs prmljshmba`js, m jstala
nmrjs, nj` dhsdm dmnm quj jstá prmtjohnm jb fmbtra nj `ms thdms m nj`
a`fmcm` jtä`hfm. Wjrm j` põi`hfm bm thjbj bhboõb thpm nj fmdpjbsafhöb m
prmtjffhöb jb fmbtra nj `ms täphfms rudmrjs nj _a`` Vtrjjt. Mpjranmrjs
nj affhmbjs, dabhpu`anmrjs, fmbsmrfhms y rjfursms hbnhvhnua`js, ``jvab
a faim tmnm thpm nj trjtas quj ``js
js shrvjb nj ay
ayuna
una a `a cmra nj njscafjrsj
nj sus jxfjnjbtjs a` djemr prjfhm pmshi`j. @a pujsta jb fhrfu`afhöb nj
fmbsjems a`fhstas pmr partj nj `ms pjrhönhfms, y nj `ms prmbmsthfanmrjs, js
`a dás pjrbhfhmsa nj tmnas.
Misjrvj papj`jtas nj `as aojbfhas nj bmthfhas lhbabfhjras nj fua`
quhjr näa y sj smrprjbnjrá nj vjr j` j`jvanm bõdjrm nj alhrdafhmbjs nj
uba hdp`hfana batura`jza sjdh-mlhfha` quj pui`hfab. @a autmrhnan js
a`oõb "`änjr nj` hbtjrhmr" m ub "prmdhbjbtj nhrjftmr" m ub "a`tm mlhfha`"
m a`ouhjb fmb "autmrhnan" quj sj supmbj quj fmbmfj j` tjda nj nj`` quj jstá
cai`abnm. Aquä tjbom `as papj`jtas nj cmy. J`hem uba nj j``as a` azar.
Jsfufcj jstm5 "Zb iabqujrm `änjr nhfj quj tmnaväa js duy prmbtm para
 jspjrar quj njsfhjbna j` djrfanm".
½Jb rja`hnan nhem
nhem ub iabqujrm `änjr ta` fmsa
fmsa== y sh `m chzm, ½pmr què
`m chzm=½Wmr què bm pjrdhtj quj sj pui`hquj
pui `hquj su bmdirj=½Js pmrquj tjdj
quj `a ojbtj `j frja sh `m cafj=
Cj aquä mtra papj`jta afjrfa nj uba fmdpañäa fuym va`mr ca jstanm
duy afthvm jsta sjdaba. Jsta vjz j` cmdirj quj cafj `a alhrdafhöb js ub
"prmdhbjbtj nhrjftmr". Acmra ihjb, ½fuá`, sh js quj jb rja`hnan `m js, nj
`ms nmfj nhrjftmrjs
nhrjftmrj s nj `a fmdpañäa js j` quj cafj `a alhrdafhöb= Js mivhm
quj pjrdabjfhjbnm jb j` abmbhdatm bm sj pujnj fu`par a banhj nj` nañm
quj punhjra cafjr jsa alhrdafhöb.
Apartj nj` hbtj`hojbtj jstunhm nj `a jspjfu`afhöb jb tmnms `ms
fadpms, j` mpjranmr nj affhmbjs njij tjbjr jb fmbshnjr
fmbshnjrafhöb
afhöb fhjrtms cjfcms
rj`afhmbanms fmb j` eujom
eujo m jb _a`` Vtrjjt. Anjdás
Anjdás nj hbtjbtar njtjrdhbar j`
dmnm nj cafjr nhbjrm, sj njij jvhtar tadihèb pjrnjr nhbjrm. Js tab
hdpmrtabtj saijr `m quj bm sj thjbj quj cafjr fmdm `m quj sä sj njij cafjr.
Wmr `m tabtm js rjfmdjbnai`j rjfmrnar quj a`oubms thpms nj dabhpu`a
fhöb jbtrab jb práfthfadjbtj tmnms `ms avabfjs jb va`mrjs hbnhvhnua`js

9?< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

y quj ta`js avabfjs

avabfjs jstáb nhrhohnms pmr `ms nj` hbtjrhmr fmb j` õbhfm miejtm
nj vjbnjr a`
a` djemr
djemr prjfhm pmshi`j.
pmshi` j. Vhb jdiarom, j` f`hjbtj nj ub fmrrjnmr
nj im`sa djnhm frjj sjr ub cmdirj nj bjomfhms nj Dhssmurh sh hbshstj jb
quj `j nhoab pmr què suij ub njtjrdhbanm va`mr. Batura`djbtj, j`
dabhpu`anmr "jxp`hfa"
"jxp`hfa" j` avabfj nj ub dmnm fa`fu`anm para lafh`htar `a
nhstrhiufhöb. Jstmy lhrdjdjbtj fmbvjbfhnm nj quj `as pèrnhnas nj`
põi`hfm sj rjnufhräab
rjnufhräab jbmrdjdjbtj sh bm sj pjrdhthjra `a pui`hfafhöb nj
alhrdafhmbjs aböbhdas nj batura`jza a`fhsta. Dj rjlhjrm a `as pui`hfa
fhmbjs fa`fu`anas para cafjr quj j` põi`hfm fmdprara m dabtuvhjra `ms
va`mrjs.
@a orab
orab daymräa nj `ms artäfu`ms a`fhstas hdprjsms iasáb
iasábnmsj
nmsj jb `a
autmrhnan nj pjrsmbas
põi`hfm ubas hdprjshmbjsnj` pmfm
hbtjrhmr, m nhrjftmrjs
lhnjnhobas. aböbhdms,
J` põi`hfm mlrjfjb
phjrnj a`
dufcms
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs fana añm afjptabnm ta`js alhrdafhmbjs fmdm sjdh-
mlhfha`js y pmr `m tabtm, vá`hnas.
Nhoadms, pmr jejdp`m,
jejdp`m , quj ubauba fmdpañäa ca pasanm pmr ub
pjrhmnm nj njprjshöb jb `a `äbja parthfu`ar nj sus bjomfhms. J` va`mr jstá
hbafthvm. @a fmthzafhöb rjprjsjbta `a frjjbfha ojbjra`, y sjouradjbtj
prjfhsa nj su va`mr aftua`. Vh j` va`mr lujra njdashanm iaratm, jb jsj
bhvj`, a`ouhjb `m sairäa, `m fmdpraräa, y j` va`mr suihräa. Vh a`ouhjb `m
vjbnhjra j` prjfhm njsfjbnjräa. Wjrm fmdm bm mfurrj bhbouba nj jstas
nms fmsas, banhj cai`a nj j``m y banhj cafj bana.
Njpjbnj, jb orab partj, nj `a `äbja nj bjomfhm nj `a fmdpañäa.
½Quhjbjs `a fmbmfjráb djemr, `ms nj` hbtjrhmr m j` põi`hfm= Wujnj apmstar
apm star a
quj bm js j` põi`hfm. ½Què sufjnj njspuès=. Vh `a djemra fmbthbõa `as
oababfhas audjbtab
audjbtab y `a fmdpañäa jstará jb pmshfhöb nj rjabunar j` paom
nj nhvhnjbnms; m paoar nhvhnjbnms dás a`tms. M sja, hbfrjdjbtará j`
va`mr nj `as affhmbjs.
Vupmboadms quj `a djemra fmbthbõa. Jb jstj fasm, `ms dabaojrs
½cafjb
½caf jb põi`hfm jstj cjfcm=½Vj `m nhfj j` prjshnjbtj a `ms affhmbhstas=½Cay
a`oõb nhrjftmr lh`abtröphfm quj saquj a `a `uz ub jstadjbtm lhrdanm para
ijbjlhfhm nj jsa partj nj` põi`hfm quj `jj `as páohbas lhbabfhjras nj `ms
pjrhönhfms y `as papj`jtas nj `as aojbfhas nj bmthfhas=½Cay a`ouba
dmnjsta pjrsmba nj` hbtjrhmr quj shouhjbnm `a pm`äthfa nj` abmbhdatm
saquj a `a `uz ub jstadjbtm lhrdanm alhrdabnm quj j` luturm nj `a
fmdpañäa js nj `m dás prmdjtjnmr= Jsta vjz bm. Banhj nhfj uba pa`aira
y bhboõb pjrhönhfm hdprhdj bhboõb jstadjbtm para nar prmbösthfms.

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr
mpjranm r nj affhmbjs 9??
Jsta hblmrdafhöb tab va`hmsa sj dabthjbj fuhnanmsadjbtj aparta
na nj` põi`hfm dhjbtras quj `as acmra "prmdhbjbtjs pjrsmbas nj` hbtj
rhmr" vab a` djrfanm y fmdprab tmnas `as affhmbjs iaratas quj qujpab
jb sus dabms. A djnhna quj jsta fmdpra tab "ihjb hblmrdana" y pmfm
mstjbtmsa fmbthbõa, j` va`mr audjbta. @ms @ms rjpmrtjrms lhbabfhjrms,
saihjbnm quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr njijb fmbmfjr `a razöb nj jsta suihna,
jdphjzab a cafjr prjoubtas. @as aböbhdas pjrsmbas nj` hbtjrhmr njf`a
rab nj lmrda ubábhdj quj bm thjbjb bhbouba bmthfha quj mlrjfjr.
A`oubas vjfjs, alhrdab hbf`usm quj bm jstáb parthfu`ardjbtj hbtjrjsa
nms jb `as jxtravaoabfhas nj` djrfanm nj va`mrjs m jb `as affhmbjs nj `ms
jspjfu`anmrjs.
J` asfjbsm fmbthbõa , y ``joa j` lj`hz näa jb quj ya thjbjb tmnas `as
affhmbjs quj quhjrjb
quhjrjb m quj pujnjb. Jbtmbfjs sj fmdhfmdhjbzab
jbzab a mhr jjbb _a``
Vtrjjt tmnm thpm nj rudmrjs a`fhstas.
a`fh stas. @ms prmbmsthfanmrjs nhfjb a `ms
mpjranmrjs "nj iujba thbta" quj `a fmdpañäa ca nanm `a vuj`ta a `a
jsquhba njlhbhthvadjbtj. J` dhsdm dmnjstm nhrjftmr quj bm qujräa
uth`hzar su bmdirj fuabnm nhem quj bm caiäa oarabtäa para j` asfjbsm nj`
va`mr, nhfj acmra quj `ms affhmbhstas thjbjb dufcms dmthvms para sjbthrsj
sathsljfcms abtj `a lutura pjrspjfthva nj `a fmdpañäa.
Abhdanm pmr j` nh`uvhm
nh`uvhm nj fmdjbtarhms a`fhstas,
a`fhs tas, j` põi`hfm
põi `hfm fmdhjb
 za a fmdprar affhmbjs.
affhmb js. Jstas fmdpras cafjb quj j` prjfhm sj j`jvj tmnaväa
dás. @`joanm j` dmdjbtm, `as prjnhffhmbjs nj `ms aböb
aböbhdms
hdms nhrjftmrjs sj
cafjbFmb
tasa. rja`hnan
jstm sjy du`thp`hfab
`a fmdpañäa`as
vuj`vj a rjparthr
bmthfhas nhvhnjbnms;
a`fhstas.
a`fhstas. smbmsm`m
Xa bm smb hbfrjdjbta su
dufcm dás
budjrmsas quj bubfa, shbm dufcm dás jbtushastas. Zb "nhrjftmr `änjr"
a quhjb, rjpjbthbadjbtj, sj `j phnj quj caoa ub jstadjbtm nj `as
fmbnhfhmbjs, hblmrda a` dubnm nj quj `a djemra shouj frjfhjbnm. ^ras
dufcm hbshsthr, uba aojbfha nj bmthfhas fmbshouj, lhba`djbtj, quj uba
"prmdhbjbtj pjrsmba nj` hbtjrhmr" fmblhjsj quj `as oababfhas smb bana
djbms quj ljbmdjba`js. Zb "la "ladms
dmsmm iabqujrm"quj jstè rj`afhmbanm nj
lmrda fmdjrfha` fmb `a fmdpañäa, nhfj quj `a jxpabshöb jb j` vm`udjb
nj vjbtas bm thjbj prjfjnjbtjs jb `a chstmrha nj `as mpjrafhmbjs lhbabfhj
ras. Jstm sjouhräa nurabtj djsjs y djsjs. Zb "dhjdirm nj` fmdhtè nj
lhbabzas," jb ub dabhlhjstm nj nmi`j lh`m, jxprjsa su asmdirm pmr j`
asmdirm nj` põi`hfm abtj `a suihna nj` va`mr. @m õbhfm asmdirmsm js `a
dmnjrafhöb nj` va`mr jb `a `äbja nj asfjbsm. Fua`quhjra quj aba`hfj j`
hblmrdj abua` pujnj vjr láfh`djbtj quj j` va`mr rja` nj `as affhmbjs js

9?3 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

duy
lafh`htasupjrhmr a` njnj`sufmdubhfathvm
j` bmdirj prjfhm jb j` djrfanm.
lh`ábtrmpm.Wjrm jb bhboõb fasm sj
Dhjbtras `as oababfhas shoab shjbnm iujbas y `ms nj` hbtjrhmr bm
pjrfhijb bhbouba sjña` nj fadihm jb `a prmspjrhnan nj `a fmdpañäa, sj
shjbtab smirj `as affhmbjs quj fmdprarmb a iae iaemm pr
prjfhm.
jfhm. Bm cay bana quj
quj
caoa njsfjbnjr `ms prjfhms, asä quj, ½para què vjbnjr= Wjrm, ½què mfurrj
jb j` dmdjbtm
dmdjbtm jb j` quj sj prmnufj ub fadihm a pjmr jb `ms bjomfhms nj
`a fmdpañäa=½Cafjb jbtmbfjs a`oõb thpm nj njf`arafhöb= Jb aism`utm.
@a tjbnjbfha va acmra cafha aiaem. Acmra vjbnjb jb sh`jbfhm, ta` y fmdm
fmdprarmb, shb bhboõb smbhnm nj trmdpjtas. Fmb jsta vjbta, j` va`mr,
batura`jdjbtj, njsfhjbnj. Jbtmbfjs j` põi`hfm fmdhjbza a rjfhihr `as
täphfas "jxp`hfafhmbjs
"jxp`hf afhmbjs."." Zb "`änjr nj` hbtjrhmr" alhrda
alhrda quj tmnm va iihjb
hjb
y quj j` njsfjbsm js tab sm`m j` rjsu`tanm nj `a vjbta pmr partj nj `ms
iaehstas quj jstáb tratabnm nj aljftar j` djrfanm ojbjra`. Vh ub iujb näa,
njspuès nj quj j` va`mr ``jvj ya thjdpm njsfjbnhjbnm, sj prmnufj uba
ruptura irusfa, `a njdabna nj "razmbjs" m "jxp`hfafhmbjs" sj cafj
f`admrmsa. A djbms quj a`ouhjb nhoa a`om, j` põi`hfpõi`hfmm tjdjrá `m pjmr. Ash
quj, jb fmbsjfujbfha, `ms pjrhönhfms prmbmstäfanmrjs pui`hfaráb acmra
a`om asä5 " Fuabnm pjnhdms a ub prmdhbjbtj nhrjftmr
nhrj ftmr nj `a fmdpañäa quj
bms jxp`hfara `a njih`hnan nj` va`mr, fmbtjstö quj `a õbhfa fmbf`ushöb a
`a quj pmnäa ``joar jra quj j` njsfjbsm jstaia fausanm pmr uba fmrrhjbtj
iaehsta. @as fmbnhfhmbjs lubnadjbta`js pjrdabjfäab hbvarhai`js. @ms
bjomfhms nj `a fmdpañäa vab acmra djemr quj bubfa y, a bm sjr quj
jbtrjtabtm sufjna a`om tmta`djbtj hdprjvhstm, js duy prmiai`j quj jb `a
pröxhda sjshöb nj` fmbsjem sj audjbtjb `ms nhvhnjbnms. @a partj iaehsta
nj` djrfanm sj ca vuj`tm duy aorjshva y `a njih`h
njih`hnan
nan nj` va`mr jra ub
f`arm ataquj nhrhohnm a cafjr fajr `ms va`mrjs dabtjbhnms. @ms pjrhönhfms
prmbmstäfanmrj
prmbmstä fanmrjs,
s, njsjabnm jstar a `a a`tura, prmiai`jdjbtj
prmiai`j djbtj alhrdarab
alhrdarab
jstar "ihjb hblmrdanms" nj quj `a daymräa nj `as affhmbjs fmdpranas
fmdpran as jb
j` näa nj` njsfjbsm,
njsf jbsm, luj
luj tmdana
tmdana pmr hbtjrjsjs nj` nj` hbtjrhmr y quj `m
`mss
iaehstas fmdprjbnjráb quj sj cab djthnm jb uba tradpa. @`joará j` näa
nj` euhfhm lhba`.
Anjdás nj `as pèrnhnas
pèrnh nas quj sulrj
sulrj j` põi`hfm
põ i`hfm pmr `a frjjbfha jb jsas
alhrdafhmbjs a`fhstas y `a fmdpra nj va`mrjs, jstáb `as pèrnhnas quj sj
prmnufjb fuabnm sj `mora fmbvjbfjr`js para quj vjbnab. @m djemr quj
sj pujnj cafjr para cafjr quj `a ojbtj fmdprj `m quj `as "prmdhbjbtjs
pjrsmbas nj` hbtjrhmr" quhjrjb vjbnjr js jvhtar quj `a ojbtj vjbna j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 9?8

dhsdm va`mr fuabnm
fuabnm j` nj` hbtjrhmr bm quhjrj bh smpmrtar`m bh afudu`ar`m.
afudu`a r`m.
½Què js `m quj j` põi`hfm va a frjjr tras `jjr `as njf`arafhmbjs nj ub
"prmdhbjbtj nhrjftmr"= ½ Què pujnj pjbsar j` põi`hfm djnhm=Wujs, pmr
supujstm, frjjrá quj j` va`mr bm njijräa caijr iaea
iaeanm;
nm; quj sj vhm lmrzanm
lmrzanm
a njsfjbnjr a fausa nj `a vjbta iaehsta y quj jb fuabtm `ms iaehstas sj
njtjboab, `ms nj` hbtjrhmr sj `as hbojbharáb para `morar ub
ub avabfj pubhthvm
nurabtj j` fua` `ms
`ms fmrtms sj vjráb mi`hoanms a fuirhrsj a ub a`tm prjfhm.
Jstm js `m quj j` põi`hfm frjjrá, pmrquj jstm js jxaftadjbtj `m quj
sufjnjräa sh j` asfjbsm cuihjra shnm rja`djbtj fausanm pmr ub ataquj
iaehsta.
J` va`mr jb fujsthöb, a pjsar nj `as adjbazas m prmdjsas nj quj sj
prmnuzfa ub trjdjbnm jstrueadhjbtm nj `ms iaehstas pmshfhmbanms a
fmrtm, bm sj rjfupjra. Vhouj njsfjbnhjbnm. Bm `m pujnj jvhtar. @ms nj`
hbtjrhmr cab a`hdjbtanm a` djrfanm fmb uba fabthnan nj affhmbjs, quj
èstj bm pujnj nhojrhr.
X jstj va`mr nj` hbtjrhmr quj cab vjbnhnm `ms "prmdhbjbtjs nhrjf
tmrjs" y `ms "`änjrjs nj` hbtjrhmr" sj fmbvhjrtj jb ub ia`öb nj lõtim` para
`ms mpjranmrjs prmljshmba`js.
prmljshmb a`js. Vhouj njsfjbnhjbnm. Warjfj quj bubfa
bubfa a`
fabzará j` suj`m.
@ms nj` hbtjrhmr, saihjbnm quj `as fmbnhfhmbjs nj `a mpjrafhöb
 aljftarab anvjrsadjbtj `ms luturms ijbjlhfhms nj `a fmdpañäa, bm sj
atrjvjb a smpmrtar`m casta quj sj prmnuzfa ub ohrm jb `ms bjomfhms nj `a
fmdpañäa. Njspuès
Njspuès sj prmnufhrá `a fmdpra y j` sh`jbfhm hbtjrhmr.
Cj ``jvanm a faim dufcas mpjrafhmbjs y dj cj dabtjbhnm duy ihjb
hblmrdanm
hblmrd anm jb tmnm `m rj`athvm a` djrfanm nj va`mrjs nurabtj dufcms
dufcms añms,
a ñms,
y pujnm njfhr quj bm rjfujrnm bhboõb fasm jb j` quj ub ataqujataqu j iaehsta caya
shnm `a fausa nj quj ub va`mr njsfjbnhjra nj lmrda jxtjbsa. @m quj sj
njbmdhbö ataquj iaehsta bm jra dás dás quj uba vjbta iasana jb ub fmbmfh
dhjbtm prjfhsm nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs rja`js.
rj a`js. Wjrm bm sjräa fmrrjftm njfhr quj
j` va`mr njsfjbnhö fmb `a vjbta hbtjrhmr
h btjrhmr bh fmb `a la`ta nj fmdpra hbtjrhmr.
^mnm j` dubnm
dubnm sj aprjsuraräa a vjbnjr y ya sj saij `m qu qujj mfurrj
fuabnm tmnm j` dubnm vjbnj y banhj fmdpra.
J` põi`hfm njij fmdprjbnjr jsta fujsthöb
fujsthöb fmb prmlubnhnan5 Quj
`a razöb ub
Fuabnm rja`va`mr
nj ubnjsfhjbnj
prm`mboanm njsfjbsm
nurabtj bm thjdpm,
dufcm js bubfapujnj
ub ataquj
jstar iaehsta.
sjourm
nj quj a`om va da` fmb è`, ihjb fmb j` djrfanm quj thjbj, m ihjb `a
fmdpañäa. Vh j` njsfjbsm lujra hbeusthlhfanm, duy prmbtm j` va`mr sj

937 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

vjbnjräa pmr njiaem

quj njtjbnräa nj su va`mr
j` njsfjbsm. rja` yj`jstm
Nj cjfcm, õbhfmprmpmrfhmbaräa
dmdjbtm jbubaqujfmdpra
jb uba
pmshfhöb iaehsta pujnj mitjbjr orabnjs ijbjlhfhms vjbnhjbnm ub va`mr,
js fuabnm jsj va`mr jstá njdashanm a`tm. X pujnj apmstar casta `m õ`thdm
fmb `a sjourhnan nj quj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr bm prmf`adaráb a` dubnm jstj
cjfcm.
Wmr supujstm, j` jejdp`m f`áshfm js Bjw Cavjb. ^mnm j` dubnm
saij acmra, `m quj jbtmbfjs sm`m saiäab ubms pmfms. J` va`mr sj vjbnhö
a 9:: y luj `a prhdjra hbvjrshöb jb ljrrmfarrh`js nj Bjw Jbo`abn. @as
pjrsmbas nj jsa partj nj` paäs, djnäab su rjspjtaih`hnan y su stabnhbo jb
`a fmdubhnan sjoõb `as affhmbjs quj tuvhjra nj jsj va`mr. Vh a`ouhjb
cuihjra nhfcm quj `a fmdpañäa hia fadhbm nj `a hbsm`vjbfha, bm sj `j
cuihjra dabnmnm a `a fárfj` pmr njfhr`m. @j cuihjrab ``jvanm a ub
dabhfmdhm fmb tmnms `ms `ubáthfms. Wjrm fuabnm Dr. Dmroab nhm j`
farom a ub aorjshvm prjshnjbtj
prjsh njbtj y fmdjbzö j` lrafasm, bm jstaia duy f`arm
quj `a bujya pm`äthfa atjrrhzara jb nmbnj `m chzm. Wjrm fuabnm Fmbsm`h
natjn Yman jdpjzö a faroar uba tras mtras
mtras,, fmb tmnas `as prmphjnanjs,
prmphjnan js, a
prjfhms rja`djbtj hbl`anms, ubms fuabtms iujbms misjrvanmrjs fmdjb
zarmb a nunar nj `a saihnuräa nj `a pm`äthfa nj Dj``jb. Vj fmdprö ub
shstjda nj vaombjs pmr nms dh``mbjs quj sj vjbnhö a Bjw Cavjb pmr
17.777.777$; pmr `m fua` ubm m nms cmdirjs tjdjrarhms fmdjthjrmb `jsa
daejstan"
tjdjrarha. nhfhjbnm qujbh`ashquhjra
Vuojrhr quj andhbhstrafhöb
Bjw Cavjbjstaia aftuabnm
pmnäa nj lmrda
pjrdhthrsj ta`js
jxtravaoabfhas jra fmdm hdpuobar `a orab lujrza jdjrojbtj nj` pjñöb
nj Ohira`tar.
Wmr supujstm, `ms prhdjrms jb vjr `as rupturas lujrmb `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr. Vj chfhjrmb fmbsfhjbtjs nj `as vjrnanjras fmbnhfhmbjs nj `a
fmdpañäa y rjnuej
rjnuejrmb
rmb sus affhmb
affhmbjsjs nj` va`mr. Fmb `a vjbta, asä fmdm fmb
`a la`ta
la`ta nj smpmrtj, j` prjfhm nj `as affhmbjs fmdjbzö a njsfjbnjr. Fmdm
shjdprj, sj cafäab prjoubtas y sj pjnäa
pjnäabb jxp`hfafhmbjs;
jxp`hfafhm bjs; y fm
fmdm
dm shjdprj,
`as täphfas jxp`hfafhmbjs bm tarnaiab jb ``joar. @as "prmdhbjbfhas nj`
hbtjrhmr" quj bm mfurräa bana abmrda`, y quj j` njsfjbsm jra fmbsjfujb
fha nj `a tjdjrarha vjbta iaehsta. Asä quj `ms "hbvjrshmbhstas" nj Bjw
Jbo`abn dabtuvhjrmb sus affhmbjs nj B Bjwjw Xmrk, Bjw Cavjb &
Cartlmrn . ½Wmr què dmthvm bm hiab a cafjr`m= ½Bm caiäab nhfcm `ms nj`
hbtjrhmr quj bm pasaia bana da`m= ½bm caiäab njf`aranm quj `a fausa jra
`a vjbta iaehsta= ½bm sj sjouäab njf`arabnm y paoabnm nhvhnjbnms=

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 931

Dhjbtras
shb ``joar, pjrm sätabtm, j` prmdjthnm
``joaiab ap`astadhjbtm
bujvms hblm
hblmrdjs
rdjs iaehstas.nj@a
`msvjbta
iaehstas sjouäa
hbtjrhmr sj
chzm dás urojbtj y djbms nhshdu`ana. Vhb jdiarom, a`oubms pjrsmbaejs
põi`hfms jrab njbubfhanms fmdm hbtjrdjnharhms aohmthstas y sj cafäa
njdaomoha jb njdabn
njdabnaa nj uba jxp`hfafhöb vá`hn vá`hnaa para jj`` njp`mrai`j
njsfjbsm quj shobhlhfaia uba pèrnhna jspabtmsa para tmnas aquj``as
pjrsmbas nj Bjw Jbo`abn quj caiäab qujrhnm uba hbvjrshöb sjoura y ub
lhrdj paom nj nhvhnjbnms.
Jsa chstörhfa ruptura njsnj 9::$ casta 19$ bubfa luj y bubfa
punm sjr ub hdpu`sm iaehsta. @as mpjrafhmbjs iaehstas, bh `a hbhfharmb bh
`a dabtuvhjrmb. @ms nj` hbtjrhmr vjbnhjrmb, y vjbnhjrmb a prjfhms dás
a`tms nj `ms quj sj cuihjrab pmnhnm pjrdhthr sh cuih cuihjrab
jrab nhfcm `a vjrnan
m sh cuihjrab pjrdhthnm qu qujj jsta sj suphjra. Bm hdpmrtaia qu qujj j` prjfhm
lujra
lujra 9:7 ö 977 ö 1: 1:77 ö 17
1777 ö :7 ö 9:9:,, a pjsar nj tmnm jra duy a`tm para
jsj va`mr, y `ms nj` hbtjrhm
hbtjrhmrr `m saiäab, pjrm j` põi`hfm bm. J` põi`hfm pmnräa
fmbshnjrar nj lmrda vjbtaemsa `as njsvjbtaeas iaem `as fua`js aftõa,
fuabnm trata nj oabar nhbjrm fmdprabnm y vjbnhjbnm j` va`mr nj uba
fmdpañäa, nj fuyms asubtms,
as ubtms, sm`m ubms pmfms cmdir
cmdirjs js jstáb jb pmshfhöb
nj fmbmfjr `a vjrnan.
@ms va`mrjs quj cab sulrhnm dás oravjs rupturas jb `ms pasanms 97
añms, bm njsfjbnhjrmb a fausa nj ub hdpu`sm iaehsta. Wjrm `a afjptafhöb
 nj jsta jxp`hfafhöb js j` rjspmbsai`j nj `a pèrnhna pm pmrr partj nj` põi`hfm,
nj dh``mbjs y dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs. Jvhtö `a vjbta pmr partj nj aquj``as
pjrsmbas quj cairäab `hquhnanm sh bm cuihjrab jspjranm quj j` prjfhm
vm`vhjra a suihr tras j` ataquj iaehsta. Vm`äa mhr afusafhmbj
afusafhmbjss fmbtra
Kjjbj. Abtjs caiäab afusanm ya a Fcar`jy _mjrhscmlljr m Annhsmb
Faddafk. Das tarnj `a jxfusa luh ym.
Yjfujrnmm j` fasm nj Hbtjrva`j Mh`. Jxhstäa ub fmbsmrfhm quj caiäa
Yjfujrn
suihnm j` prjfhm y caiäa jbfmbtranm fmdpranmrjs pmr anj`abtanm. @ms
dabhpu`anmrjs suihjrmb j` prjfhm casta :7. Jbtmbfjs j` fmbsmrfhm vjbnhö y
sj prmnuem
prmnuem uba ruptura. A jstm `j shouhö `a bmrda` njdabna nj jxp`h jxp`hfafhm
fafhm
bjs. ½Wm
½Wmrr què jstaia Hbtjrva
Hbtjrva`` tab nèih`= J` bõdjrm nj pjrsmbas quj chzm
jsta prjoubta luj sulhfhjbtjdjbtj j`jvanm fmdm para cafjr quj `a
rjspujsta sj fmbvhrthjra jb bmth
bmthfha
fha.... Zbm nj ``ms
ms pjrhönhfms lhbab
lhbabfhjrms
fhjrms sj
pusm jb fmbtaftm
Hbtjrva`j Mh`, y qujfmb
pmr`ms fmrrjnmrjs
`m tabtm njiäabquj
jstardás fmbmfäab
tadihèb duy`ms
ihjbasubtms nj
hblmrda
nms smirj j` njsfjbsm. ½Què nhejrmb jstms fmrrjnmrjs, dhjdirms nj`

939 Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

fmbsmrfhm a`fhsta, fuabnm `a aojbfha nj bmthfhas `js prjoubtö pmr uba

razöb quj sj punhjra hdprhdhr y pui`hfar jb tmnm j` paäs= Wujs ihjb,
¡nhejrmb quj @arry @hvhbostmb jstaia atafabnm j` djrfanm!
X jsm bm luj tmnm. Añanhjrmb quj dj hiab a "fmojr". Wjrm pmr
supujstm, j` fmbsmrfhm
fmbsmrfhm shouhö vjbnhjbnm affhmbj
affhmbjss nj Hbtjrva`j. J` va`mr
sj njtuvm jb 19$
19$ `a affhöb, pmnräab caij
caijr`a
r`a vjbnhnm a 17 m hbf`usm
djbms, y tmnaväa j` prjfhm djnhm nj vjbta cuihjra jstanm pmr jbfhda nj`nj`
fmstj.
@ms nj` hbtjrhmr lujrmb duy astutms j chfhjrmb ub iujb bjomfhm a`
vjbnjr jb j` njsfjbsm. Wjrm j` asubtm jra nhljrjbtj para `ms nj` jxtjrhmr
quj caiäab paoanm 6: m >7. Vjoõb `m quj sj pui`hfö aquj``ms nhas, `ms nj
nj``
jxtjrhmr dabtuvhjrmb a `a jspjra nj quj @arry @hvhbostmb rjfhihjra j`
fasthom quj sj `j vjbäa jbfhda a dabms nj `ms hbnhobanms fmdpmbjbtjs
nj` fmbsmrfhm hbtjrhmr.
Jb ub djrfanm a` a`za, y parthfu`ardjbtj jb `ms immds, j` põi`hfm
a` prhbfhphm mithjbj ubas oababfhas quj phjrnj dás tarnj pmr j` djrm
cjfcm nj pjrdabjfjr njdashanm thjdpm jb j` djrfanm a` a`za. Jstms
rudmrjs nj "ataqujs iaehstas" `js ayunab a qujnarsj dás thjdpm. J`
põi`hfm njijräa sjr fmbsfhjbtj nj `as jxp`hfafhmbjs quj nab sm`m `m quj
`ms aböbhdms fmdpmbjbtjs nj` orupm hbtjrhmr quhjrjb quj j` põi`hfm
frja.

SSH\
J` põi`hfm shjdprj quhjrj quj `j hblmrdjb. Jsm js `m quj cafj nj`
mlrjfhdhjbtm y rjfjpfhöb nj prmbösthfms uba práfthfa ubhvjrsa`. Js
`öohfm quj `ms fmrrjnmrjs njb a sus f`hjbtjs fmbsjems smirj `a mpjrafhöb
a travès nj `as fartas fmdjrfha`js, m nhrjftadjbtj a travès nnj`
j` djnhm mra`.
Wjrm `ms fmrrjnmrjs bm njijräab jxp`ayarsj njdashanm jb jxp`hfafhmbjs
smirj `as fmbnhfhmbjs aftua`js, pmrquj j` fursm nj` djrfanm jstá shjdprj
nj sjhs a bujvj djsjs pmr nj`abtj nj `as fmbnhfhmbjs aftua`js. @ms
ijbjlhfhms nj cmy bm eusthlhfab j` cjfcm nj quj `ms fmrrjnmrjs afmbsjejb
a sus f`hjbtjs quj fmdprjb affhmbjs, a djbms quj jxhsta `a sjourhnan nj
quj jb sjhs m bujvj djsjs, a parthr nj cmy, `a pjrspjfthva nj` bjomfhm
oarabthzará `a frjjbfha nj quj sj dabtjbnrá `a tasa nj ijbjlhfhms. Vh
dhrabnm cafha anj`abtj, sj pujnj vjr, nj lmrda razmbai`jdjbtj f`ara,
quj `as fmbnhfhmbjs quj sj jstáb njsarrm``abnm fadiharáb j` pmnjr
aftua`, pujnj quj njsaparjzfa j` aroudjbtm smirj j` iaem prjfhm nj `as
affhmbjs. J` mpjranmr njij dhrar cafha anj`abtj, pjrm a` fmrrjnmr `j
hbtjrjsa mitjbjr fmdhshmbjs acmra; nj acä `a hbj`unhi`j la`afha nj `as
fartas nj djrfanm nj thpm djnhm.
d jnhm. @ms fmrrjnmrjs vhvjb nj `as fmdhshmbjs
quj mithjbjb nj`
nj` põi`h
põi`hfm,
fm, y pmr jsm trataráb nj hbnufhr a` põi`hf
põi`hfmm para quj
fmdprjb va`mrjs smirj `ms fua`js cab rjfhihnm örnjbjs nj vjbta nj `ms
nj` orupm hbtjrhmr m nj `ms dabhpu`anmrjs.
Bm js jxtrañm quj ubm nj `ms nj` hbtjrhmr sj nhrhea a` prjshnjbtj m
nhrhojbtj nj `a mlhfh
mlhfhba
ba nj fmrrjtae
fmrrjtaejj y `j nhoa5 "D
"Djj oustaräa quj dj frjara ub
djrfanm jb j` quj punhjra njscafjrdj nj :7.777 affhmbjs nj dh va`mr."

936

93> Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj

n j af
affhmbjs
fhmbjs

J` fmrrjnmr
jsj va`mr js :7. J` phnj dás njta``js.
nj` hbtjrhmr `j nhfj5Vupmboadms quj `a nj
"@j narè mpfhmbjs fmthzafhöb nj
fmdpra jb
:777 affhmbjs
affhm bjs a >: y :777 affhmbaffhmbjs
js pmr fana pubtm quj suiab `a `ass
fhbfujbta dh` affhmbjs. @j narè tadihèb uba mpfhöb nj vjbta jb :7.777
affhmbjs jb j` djrfanm. "
Jstm para j` fmrrjnmr js nhbjrm láfh` sh thjbj ub iujb sjouhdhjbtm
y, pmr supujstm, èstj js j` thpm nj fmrrjnmr quj j` nj` hbtjrhmr bjfjshta.
Zba mlhfhba quj tjboa `äbja nhrjfta fmb sufursa`js y fmbjxhmbjs fmb
nhvjrsas
nhvjrs as partjs nnj`
j` paäs pujnj mitjbjr ub orab sjouhdhjbtm
sjouhdh jbtm jb uba
mpjrafhöb nj jstj thpm. Yjfujrnj quj, jb fua`quhr fasm, y orafhas a `as
mpfhmbjs nj vjbta, j` fmrrjnmr bubfa fmrrj bhboõb rhjsom. Vh pujnj fmb
sjouhr ub sjouhdhjbtm pmr partj nj su põi`hfm,
põi`h fm, sjrá fapaz nj njscafjrsj
nj tmna `a `äbja fmb ub orab ijbjlhfhm, anjdás nj sus fmdhshmbjs.
^jbom jb djbtj `as cazañas nj a`ouhjb "nj` hbtjrhmr" quj js duy
fmbmfhnm jb _a`` Vtrjjt.
^jbäa `a fmstudirj nj ``adar
``ad ar a` nhrjftmr nj` njpartadjbtm
njpartadj btm nj f`hjbtjs
nj uba orab lhrda nj fmrrjtaej. A`oubas vjfjs ``joaia hbf`usm dás `jems
y ``adaia a ubm nj `ms prhbfhpa`js smfhms nj `a lhrda. Jbtmbfjs njfäa a`om
asä5
"Què pasa vhjem, quhjrm dmstrartj quj aprjfhm `m quj cas cjfcm
pmr dä jb nhvjrsas mfashmbjs. ^j vmy a nar uba mpmrtubhnan nj oabar ub
iujb
afthvmnhbjrm.
nj uba \adms a lmrdar
nj bujstras uba bujva
fmdpañäas y vadmsfmdpañäa
a tmdarpara aismrijr
pmsjshöb j`
nj jsj
va`mr fmb
fmb uba orab vjbtaea smirj `a fmth fmthzafhö
zafhöbb aftua
aftua`.`. ^j vmy a dab
dabnar
nar
:77 affhmbjs nj Iabtad Vcmps a <:$. J` va`mr nj rjljrjbfha sj fmthza
acmra a ?9."
Jstj pjrsmbaej nj` hbtjrhmr
hbtjrh mr tab aoranjfh
aora njfhnm,
nm, nhfj `a dhs
dhsda
da fmsa a uuba
ba
nmfjba nj nhrjftmrjs nj a`oubas hdpmrtabtjs mlhfhbas nj fmrrjtaej. Jstms
njsthbat
njst hbatarhm
arhmss nj`
nj` prjd
prjdhm
hm jstáb jb _a`` Vtrj
Vtrjjt,
jt, asä quj ½què js `m quj vavabb
a cafjr fuabnm fmbshoab jsj va`mr quj `js ca nanm ya ub ijbjlhfhm= Wmr
supujstm, afmbsjear a tmnms `ms cmdirjs y duejrjs quj tjboab a su
a`fabfj para quj fmdprjb jsj va`mr. J` adai`j nmbabtj saiäa jstm. J``ms
`j ayunaräab
ayunar äab a frjar ub djrfa
djrfanmnm jb j` quj j` adai`j
adai` j pjrsmbaej nj` hb hbtjrhmr
tjrhmr
pujna vjbnjr sus ihjbjs a` pmirj põi`hfm a prjfhms a`tms.
Jxhstjb mtras trjtas nj vjbta nj va`mrjs quj njijräab sjr jxf`uhnas.
@as Im`sas bm njijräab pjrdhthr quj sj mpjrara jb va`mrjs fmthzanms quj
sj mlrjfjb a` põi`hfm iaem j` p`ab nj paom parfha`. J` cjfcm nj quj j`

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 93:

prjfhm sj fmthzj mlhfha`djbtj js ub thpm nj sabfhöb para fua`quhjr va`mr.
@m quj js dás, `a jvhnjbfha mlhfha` nj ub djrfanm `hirj, y a vjfjs `a
nhljrjbfha jb `ms prjfhms, js tmnm j` hbfjbthvm quj sj bjfjshta.
Mtrm rjfursm nj vjbta quj fujsta a` pui`hfm bm pjbsabtj dufcms
dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs y quj bm jbväa a banhj a prhshöb pmrquj js pjrljfta
djbtj `joa`, js j` hbfrjdjbtm nj` va`mr faphta`, a fausa nj `as jxhojbfhas
nj` djrfanm.
djrfanm . J` prmfjsm bm js bana fmdp`hfanm, sö`m fmbshstj jb fadihar
j` fm`mr nj `ms fjrthlhfanms nj `as affhmbjs.
J` lraunj
lraunj pmr jj`` fua` sj nab 9, > ö hbf`usm 17 affhmbjs nj` bujvm
va`mr a fadihm nj` abthoum, jstá hbsphranm pmr j` njsjm nj cafjr quj uba
abthoua djrfabfäa sj vjbna fmb lafh`hnan.
lafh`hnan. J` abthoum prjfhm jra 1$ pmr
paqujtj nj njpöshtm y jra nhläfh`
nhläfh` nj dmvjr. A 9: fjbtavms j` fuartm pujnj
lubfhmbar djemr; j hbf`usm a 9? m 67 fjbtavms.
½Wmr què bm sj prjoubta j` põi`hfm `a razöb pmr `a quj acmra j`
va`mr js tab láfh` nj fmdprar= Nj bujvm jstadms abtj j` fasm nj `a
mpjrafhöb nj` lh`ábtrmpm, pjrm a` mpjranmr avhspanm bm sj `j jboaña a `a
cmra nj fmdprar nurms a nms pjsjtas.
pjsjt as. Jsm js tmnm `m quj cay quj tjbjr jb
fujbta. J` põi`hfm njea nj `anm jstj pubtm, y phjrnj dh``mbjs nj nö`arjs
a` añm.
@a `jy fasthoa a fua`quhjra quj mrhohbj m caoa fhrfu`ar rudmrjs
fmb `a hbtjbfhöb nj hbl`uhr nj dmnm bjoathvm jb j` frènhtm m jb `ms
 bjomfhms nj pjrsmbas läshfas m euränhfas, m sja,nj fua`quhjr rudmr quj
hbtjbtj rjnufhr j` va`mr nj `as affhmbjs
affhmbj s cafhjbnm quj j` põi`hfm vjbna
vjbna.. Jb
ub prhbfhphm, `a prhbfhpa` hbtjbfhöb punm caijr shnm rjnufhr j` pj`horm nj
pábhfm fasthoabnm a fua`quhjra quj nunara jb vmz a`ta nj `a sm`vjbfha nj
`ms iabfms jb thjdpms nurms.
Wmr supujstm, shrvj tadihèb para prmtjojr a` põi`hfm jb ojbjra` jb
fmbtra nj `a vjbta nj ub va`mr pmr njiaem nj su va`mr rja`. Jb mtras
pa`airas,
pa`air as, `a `j
`jyy nj `a thjrra fasthoa a` nhlusmr nj artäfu`ms iaehstas nj jsa
batura`jza.
½Nj què dmnm jstá prmtjohnm j` põi`hfm fmbtra j` pj`horm nj
fmdpra nj ub va`mr
v a`mr pmr jbfhda nj su va`mr rja`=½Quhèb fasthoa a` nhlusm
nhlusmrr
nj `ms hbeusthlhfanms artäfu`ms a`fhstas= Banhj; y shb jdiarom j` põi`hfm
phjrnj dás nhbjrm fmdprabnm va`mrjs a fausa nj ub aböbhdm fmbsjem
hbtjrhmr fuabnm j` prjfhm js duy a`tm, quj vjbnhjbnm va`mrjs pmr njiaem
nj su va`mr a fmbsjfujbfha nj ub fmbsjem iaehsta nurabtj `ms njbmdhba
nms "ataqujs".

93< Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs

Vh jxhsthjra uba `jy quj fasthoara a `ms djbthrmsms a`fhstas, nj`
dhsdm
dh``mbjs.dmnm quj fasthoa a `ms iaehstas, frjm quj j` põi`hfm acmrraräa
Batura`djbtj, `ms prmdmtmrjs, dabhpu`anmrjs y mtrms ijbjlhfha
rhms nj` mpthdhsdm
mpthdh sdm aböbhdm `j nhráb quj fua`quhjra quj mpjra iasábnmsj
jb rudmrjs y njf`arafhmbjs bm lhrdanas,
lhrdanas, sö`m sj njij fu`par a sh dhsdm
nj `as fmbsjfujbfhas. Vjoõb jstj razmbadhjbtm, sj pmnräa njfhr tadihèb
quj tmnm aquj` quj lujra
lujra tab tmbtm fmd
fmdmm para fmbvjr
fmbvjrthrsj
thrsj jb ub anhftm
a `as nrmoas bm thjbj njrjfcm a `a prmtjffhöb.
@a Im`sa nj \a`mrjs njijräa ayunar. ^hjbj ub hbtjrès vhta`
prmtjojr a` põi`hfm fmbtra `as práfthfas hbeustas.
h beustas. Vh ub cmdirj quj jstá jb
shtuafhöb
afjptj susnj fmbmfjr j` tjda
njf`arafhmbjs, nj`mquj
m hbf`usm
hbf`us cai`a, njsja
sus mphbhmbjs, cafjr qujlhrdar
caoádms`j j` põi`hfm
fm
fmbb su
bmdirj. J` cjfcm nj lhrdar `ms artäfu`ms a`fhstas bm caräab quj èstms
lujrab fhjrtms. Wjrm fmbsjouhräa quj "`ms nj` hbtjrhmr" y `ms "nhrjftmrjs"
tuvhjrab dás fuhnanm.
J` põi`hfm njij tjbjr shjdprj jb djbtj `ms
`ms prhbfhphms j`jdjbta`js
j`jdjb ta`js nj
`a mpjrafhöb jb affhmbjs. Fuabnm ub va`mr suij, bm cafj la`ta bhbouba
jxp`hfafhöb j`aimrana smirj `a suihna nj jsj va`mr. Wara quj ub va`mr suia,
cafj la`ta uba
uba fmdpra fmbthbua. Dhjbtras jstm sja asä, fmb sm`m pjqujñas y
batura`js rjaffhmbjs nj vjz jb fuabnm, bm jbtrañará bhboõb rhjsom.
rhjso m. Wjrm sh
tras ub `arom fmb
oranua`djbtj, y lhrdj asfjbsm j`
sm`m pjqujñas va`mr ohrajsymfashmba`js,
rjfupjrafhmb
rjfupjrafhmbjs fmdhjbza
mfashmba `js,ajsnjsfjbnjr
mivhm quj
quj
`a `äbja nj djbmr rjshstjbfha ca fadihanm nj nhrjffhöb, y acmra ya bm sj
nhrhoj cafha arrhia, shbm cafha aiaem.
aiaem. Jb ta` fa
fasm
sm ½js bjfjsarhm pjnhr
jxp`hfafhmbjs= Wrmiai`jdjbtj, jxhstjb duy iujbas razmbjs para quj
njsfhjbna, pjrm jstas razmbjs `as fmbmfjb sö`m ubas fuabtas pjrsmbas y
sj `as ouarnab
ouarnab para sä dhsdms, y shbm `m quj cafjb
cafjb js njfhr a`
a` põi`hfm quj
j` va`mr js iaratm. @a batura`jza nj` eujom js nj ubas faraftjrästhfas ta`js,
quj j` põi`hfm njijräa fmdprjbnjr quj `a vjrnan bm va a vjbhr nj imfa
nj quhjbjs `a fmbmfjb.

`ms "nj`Njhbtjrhmr"
cjfcm, dufcas
bm thjbjbnjbhbouba
`as njbmdhbanas njf`arafhmbjs
iasj. A`oubas vjfjs, bhatrhiuhnas
shquhjra sja
phnj a `ms nj` hbtjrhmr quj caoab njf`arafhmbjs, aböbhdas m lhrdanas.
Jstas chstmrhas `as hbvjbtab a`oubas pjrsmbas quj thjbjb ub orab hbtjrès
jb j` djrfanm. Jb uba njtjrdhbana jtapa nj` asfjbsm nj` prjfhm nj
djrfanm nj uba affhöb, `ms orabnjs fmdpmbjbtjs nj` orupm hbtjrhmr bm

Yjfujrnms nj ub mpjranmr nj affhmbjs 93?

thjbjb hdpjnhdjbtm para pjnhr ayuna a` j`jdjbtm prmljshmba` abtjs nj

mpjrar fmb j` va`mr. Quhzás `ms nj` hbtjrhmr nhoab a`ouba vjz fuá` js j`
dmdjbtm aprmphanm para fmdprar, pjrm pujnj apmstar a quj bubfa nhráb
fuá` js j` dmdjbtm aprmphanm para vjbnjr. Jstm pmbj a` orab prmljshmba`
jb `a dhsda shtuafhöb quj j` põi`hfm, sö`m bjfjshta ub djrfanm `m sulh
fhjbtjdjbtj orabnj para
para sa`hr. Jb jstj dmdjbtm js fuabnm sj pui`hfa `a
"hblmrdafhöb" djbms lhnjnhoba. Wmr supujstm,
supujst m, ccay
ay a`oubms fmdpmbjb
tjs "nj` hbtjrhmr" jb `ms quj bm sj pujnj fmblhar jb bhbouba jtapa nj`
eujom.
euj om. Fmdm bmrda, `ms cmdirjs quj jstáb jb `a fõsphnj nj uba oráb fmr
pmrafhöb pujnjb aftuar jb j` djrfanm jb iasj a su fmbmfhdhjbtm nj`
hbtjrhmr, pjrm j``ms
j``ms bm nhfjb djbthras. @m quj cafjb
cafjb js bm njfhr bana,
pmrquj cab njsfuihjrtm quj a`oubas vjfjs j` sh`jbfhm js mrm.
Cj nhfcm dufcas vjfjs, y bm quhjrm rjpjthr`m njdashanm, quj `ms
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LHB