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FITTINGS
AND
BUILT-IN FURNITURE
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FITTINGS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - I I COTM 2102

 Fixtures: When they are fixed to walls ceilings or floors and made to be
permanent elements of the house. Bath room Fixtures are the best known
fixtures e.g. bath tub, hand wash basin (HWB), kitchen sink, WC etc
 
 Built in Furniture: As the name implies, these are household furniture
that are constructed with the house usually designed to fit in recessed
walls. Examples of built in furniture are mostly cupboards, but sometimes
the may be shelves, tables, foldable beds etc. Built in furniture are
resource saving as the walls of the house also serve as the sides of the
furniture.
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Bath Room Fixtures

 The most known bath room fixtures are
 HWB
 WC (Toilets)
 Bidets (Urinals that receive water)
 Urinals
 Bath tub
 Shower tray
 There are also accessories to these fixtures:
 Soft paper(Toilet paper holder)
 Towel holder, Soap holder
 Supporting rails (specially in old peoples homes)
 Water heater(boiler)
 Mirror
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MATERIALS USED IN BATH ROOMS

 The most dominantly used material for fixtures is vitreous china i.e. china
in the form of ceramic or glass like finish. It is chosen for its formability
(ease in molding) and sanitary quality (ease of cleaning). Different colors
are available these days.
 ENAMELED STEEL (i.e. steel covered in glass like shiny substance) is
another material used t is usually used for HWB, Bathtubs & showers.
 Cast iron is another material that is mostly used for bath tubs, but it is
rather cold and heavy and thus it is largely outdated.
 Stainless Steel with no surface enamel is also used usually for HWB,
towel hangers, support rails, soap holders etc.
 Glass is also becoming a modern bath room fixture material specially for
HWB
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SPACE REQUIREMENTS,
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KITCHENS
 A- THE STORAGE ZONE: this is where food stuff and other cutlery are
stored. In this zone is found the refrigerator as it is used as cold storage
of food items.

 B - THE CLEANING ZONE: The cleaning zone is where the sink and
other cleaning appliances such as dishwasher are located

 C - THE COOKING ZONE: Here cooking takes place thus the stove
and other cooking and food preparation appliances such as toasters, oven,
microwave oven etc are located here. A kitchen Hood is sometimes fixed
over the stove to collect smoke and steam that is released from the cooking
and guide it outside the room.
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KITCHENS
 SHORING and UNDERPINNING
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UNDERPINNING: 
When new buildings with deep basements or foundations are erected
adjoining existing structures with shallow basements and footings it is
necessary to support the footings and walls of the old building until the
newer one is constructed or to bring the old footings down to the level of
the new foundations. This work is called underpinning. The solution of
the problems involved demands much experience and discretion.
SHORING: consists in setting long wood posts or shores in an inclined
position against the wall to be supported.
NEEDLING: Horizontal wood or steel beams penetrating through holes cut
in a wall or under a column and supported on both sides of the wall on
wood blocks or cribbing are called needles.
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SHORING
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SHORING
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UNDERPINNIN
G
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UNDERPINNIN
G
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UNDERPINNIN
G
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Dead Shoring