5

. . .

1.1

(John Dalton)

(Joseph J.
Thomson)

- =
- e/m = -1.76 x 108 C/g =

-
-


(Ernest Rutherford) -

(Niels Bohr)

 5
. . .
1.2

(ground state)
()

(excited state)

-
-

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

 5
. . .
1.3
(orbital) orbital

s-orbital
p-orbital
( 1 )
( 3 )
*** 2

d-orbital
( 5 )

(electron configuration)

(n)
1
1s
2

2s 2p

3s 3p 3d

4s 4p 4d

5s 5p 5d

6s 6p 6d

7s 7p 7d

f-orbital
( 7 )

 5
. . .

7 : 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s
10

Ne

F
8O
7N
6C
5B
4Be
3Li
9

= 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p6

(2 . 8 )

1s2 , 2s2 , 2p5

1s2 , 2s2 , 2p4
1s2 , 2s2 , 2p3
1s2 , 2s2 , 2p2
1s2 , 2s2 , 2p1
1s2 , 2s2
1s2 , 2s1

(2 . 7 )
(2 . 6 )
(2 . 5 )
(2 . 4 )
(2 . 3 )
(2 . 2 )
(2 . 1 )

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.4

(Erwin Schrdinger)
1.5

1.
(Period) 7
(group, column, series) 8

 5
. . .

I alkali Li Na K Rb Cs
II alkaline earth Be Mg Ca Sr Ba
VII halogen F Cl Br I At
VIII () inert gas, rare noble gas
He Ne Ar Kr Xe Ru

2. X AZX Z X A
Z (atomic number) = proton = electron
X (symbol)
A (atomic mass) = proton + neutron

IsotoPe proton neutron
13
11
5B =125B 126C = 2C
11
12
12 13
IsotoNe neutron 5B = 6C 5B = 6C
12 12
IsobAr 5B = 6C
IsoElectron (, ion, )
ion = ion =
VIII e/n /
VIII
, (n) e/n = 2n2 /
1
2
2
2
2
8
8
10
3
18
8
18
4
32
18
36
5
18
54
8
32
86

He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn

e/
2
2, 8
2, 8, 8
2, 8, 18, 8
2, 8, 18, 18, 8
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

 5
. . .

1. (n) = 2n2
= 2, 8, 18, 32 . 8
2. e/n = 2, 8, 18, 18, 32, ..
VIII

He
2
2
Ne
10
2, 8
Ar
18
2, 8, 8
Kr
36
2, 8, 18, 8
Xe
54
2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Rn
86
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

( )
93
112
154
169
190
220

IE1 (kJ/mol)
2,397
2,087
1,527
1,357
1,177
1,043

m.p.
(C)
-270
-249
-189
-157
-112
-71

b.p.
(C)
-269
-246
-186
-152
-108
-62

IE1
b.p.
E (V)

*

(kJ/mol) m.p. (C)

(C) M++ M
Li
3
2, 1
152
526
180
0.53
-3.05
Na 11
2, 8, 1
186
502
98
0.97
-2.71
K
19
2, 8, 8, 1
227
425
64
0.86
-2.92
Rb 37
2, 8, 18, 8, 1
248
409
39
1.53
-2.92
Cs 55
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1
265
382
28
1.89
-2.92
*

 5
. . .
2
/
I
II

Li
Be
3
4

2, 1
2, 2

526
906
IE1 (kJ/mol)

1.0
1.5
(pm)
123* 89*
180
1280
(C)

*
3
/
I

Na

11

2, 8, 1
IE1 (kJ/mol)
502

0.9
(pm)
157*
98
(C)

*
***
:
:

III
B

IV
C

V
N

VI
O

5
2, 3
807
2.0
80*
2,030

6
2, 4
1,093
2.5
77*
3,500

7
2, 5
1,407
3.0
74*
-210

8
2, 6
1,320
3.5
74*
-218

VII
F

VIII
Ne

9
2, 7
1,687
4.0
72*
-220

10
2, 8
2,087
160**
-249

**
II
Mg
12
2, 8, 2
744
1.2
136*
649

III
Al
13
2, 8, 3
548
1.5
125*
660

IV
Si
14
2, 8, 4
793
1.8
117*
1,410

V
P
15
2, 8, 5
1,018
2.1
110*
44

**
e
e

VI
S
16
2, 8, 6
1,006
2.5
104*
113

VII
Cl
17
2, 8, 7
1,257
3.0
99*
-101

VIII
Ar
18
2, 8, 8
1,527
192**
-189

 5
. . .

7 EN: - EN

O2-, Cl-, H-
(oxide)
Na2O
Na2O2

20C

MgO

(chloride)

20C

NaCl

MgCl

Al2O3

P4O6
P4O10

SiO2

SiCl4

(hydride)

NaH
MgH2
(AlH3)n
20C

Cl2O

AlCl3

SO2
SO3

PCl3
PCl5

S2Cl2

SiH4
PH3
H 2S
HCl

 5
. . .

1. X 7A 5 129 X
. 53X 129
. 7
. 2, 8, 18, 18, 5
. 53I 127
1.
2.
3.
.
X VIIII (2He , 10Ne, 18Ar, 36kr, 54Xe, 86Rn)
2. A B C D E F F
A
B
C
D H2
E
F HCl H2

1
E
B
F
A
2
D
A
E
C
3
B
F
C
D
4
A
D
B
F

A O2
2 KMnO4(s)
K2MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2
2 KClO3(s)
2KCl + 3O2
B NO2
E 2
3. K, L, M 10, 14 20

1.) 2 , 4 , 8 2 , 3 , 4
2.) 4 , 8 , 2 3 , 2 , 4
3.) 4 , 2 , 8 4 , 3 , 8
4.) 8 , 4 , 2 2 , 3 , 4

VIII
2He
10Ne
18Ar
36Kr
10K VIII

 5
. . .
1. /
. VIII 2He 10Ne 18Ar 36Kr
86

Rn
. VII (F) EN (Electronegativity)
Be
B
C
N
O
3Li
EN
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
11

EN

Na

0.9

F
4.0

10

Ne

Mg

Al

Si

Cl

18

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.1

2.5

2.8

Ar

. I *** I ***

2
(pm)

3
(pm)

Li
152
Li+
60
11Na
186
Na+
95
3

2
()
2
()

Be
111
Be2+
31
Mg
160
Mg2+
65
C
0.77
6

B
88
B3+
20
Al
143
Al3+
50
N
0.70
N31.71
7

O
0.66
O21.40
8

F
0.64
F1.36
9

10

54

Xe

 5
. . .

11

. IONISATION ENERGY; IE
- IE EN
+
18Ar + IE1
18Ar + e1
2.8.8
2.8.7
+
+
2+
19K + IE1
19K + e1
19K + IE2
19K + e2
2 . 8 . 8 .1
2 .8 . 8
2 .8 . 8
2 .8 . 7
+
20Ca + IE1
20Ca + e1
2.8.8.2
2.8.8.1
+
2+
2+
3+
20Ca + IE2
20Ca + e2
20Ca + IE3
20Ca + e3
2.8.8.1
2.8.8
2.8.8
2.8.7
IE IE
5B e = 2, 3
IE1 < IE2 < IE3 << IE4 < IE5
800 2,500 3,600 25,000 32,000
1.
1.
2.
3. X 3 X 3
4. 1, 2 3
4
2. / (e/m)

1.
2.
3.
4.
4
3. E 2 15 16 E = 15.05
15E 16E
1. 95 % 5 %
2. 5 % 95 %
3. 85 % 15 %
4. 9.5
% 90.5 %
1. = % x
100

 5
. . .

12

2.
1
4.
1.
2.
3. (II)
4.
3 CaCl3 NiCl2 CuSO4
3
5.
1. CO2 SO2
2. AsBr3 BCl3 3. XeF4 CHCl3 4. CCl4 POCl3

CCl4
POCl3
Cl
Cl C Cl
Cl

4
1-5

( C)
(oC)
A
660
2450
B
1280
2480
C
113
445
D
114
183
E
1540
3000
F
44
280

O
Cl P Cl
Cl

(g/cm3)
2.70
1.85
1.96
4.94
7.86
1.82

(oC)
193
405
-80
27
670
-91

6.
1. A, B, E
2. A, C, D
3. A, D, E
4. C, D, F
7.
1. E, F
2. A, F
3. A, D
4. B, C
8.
1. A, B
2. B, C
3. C, F
4. D, E
9.
1. A, B
2. A, C
3. A, D
4. D, F
10.
1. B, C
2. C, D
3. A, E
4. E, F
11. 6 1.093, 2.359, 4.627, 5.229, 37.838, 47.285
1 2

 5
. . .

13

1. 1.266
2. 9.447
3. 31.609
4. 46.192
12. A = 91 140
1. 14091Pa
2. 140
91 Pa
13-14

10

3.

231
91

B
16

13.
1. A C
2. B E
3. A B
14.
1. A
2. B
15. 15-18
I
II
III
IV
V
A

B
C

4.

Pa

91
231

C
18

Pa
D
24

E
32

4. B D
3. C
VI

4. D
VII

VIII

1. B C
2. B C
3. B A
4. B C
16. C E
1. C2E
2. CE
3. CE2
4. C2E3
17.
1. AB
2. Ac
3. AD
4. AE
18. A D
1. A D 2. A D
3. D A 4. A B
19. A. B. C. D. 34, 35, 37 38
. A>B>D>C
. D>C>A>B
. A+ B+ C2- D-
. D>C>B>A
1)
2)
3)
4)

IE EN EA
IE 35B > 34A 38D> 37C

 5
. . .

14

20. 37A 714B 1632X 1939Y

1) A B
2) X Y
3) A Y
4) B X
VIII (Z8)
Z8+1=I Z8+2= II
21. 25A2+ 15B 16C2- 44D
1) A2+
2) B
3) C24) D
4 21Sc-30Zn
3 18
22.

A
19 13
B
14
C
-1/2 , -1 , -2
-2
D

1) B D BD2
2) B C
3) C D
4) A H2 (g)
A =19
A 1
A H2 (g)
2AOH + H2(g)
2A + 2H2O
= 19 e = 2.8.8.1

 5
. . .
2

15

**/**
- (EN&IE ) cation
- (EN&IE ) anion

()

-
-
-

- H N NH3
(+/-)
- H O H2O , ROH , RCOOH
- H F HF

 5
. . .

16

1.
1.
2.
3. (II)
4.
3
2.
1. CO2 SO2
2.AsBr3 BF3
3. XeF4 CHCl3
4.CCl4 POCl3
4
3.
.
.
.

1.
2.
3.
4.
3
4.
1. 11 8
2. 4 9
3. 12 16
4. 9 17
4
2NO2(g)
5. N-O NO2 2NO(g) + O2(g)
112 kJ

N-O NO = 90 kJ
O-O O2 = 120 kJ
2 2NO + O2
2NO2 + 112
6.
.. .. 2.. ..
.. ..
.. .. 2- 3 . 2Na+ + :O:O:
1. Na:O::O:Na
2. 2Na+ + :O::O:
4. Na:O::O:
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
3

7. B C D E 125B 126C 3216D 8517E

1. CD2 BE3 CE4

2. BE3 CD2 CE4
3. CD2 CE4 BF3
4. CE4 BE3 CD2
4

8.
1.
2.

 5
. . .

17

3.
4.
3
+

- e
-
-
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4
- +
- e ION e ION
-
10.
1. H2(g) + I2(g)
2HI(g)
2. C(g) + O2(g)
CO2(g)
3. HF(g)
H2(g) + F2(g)
4. CH4(g) + Cl2(g)
CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
2
() ()
() ()
11.
. C(g) + 2O(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
. H2O(g)
. F2(g) + 2e
2F-(g)
C(g) + 4H(g)
. CH4(g) + 2e1.
2.
3.
4.
1
+ E
+ E

12.
H2O(g) + 926 kJ
2H(g) + O(g)
CO2(g) + 1490 kJ
C(g) + 2O(g)

 5
. . .
O2(g) + 498 kJ
2O(g)
CH4(g) + 1724 kJ
C(g) + 4H(g)

1. C=O > O=O > H-O > C-H
2. C-H > C=O > H-O > O=O
3. O=O > H-O > C=O > C-H
4. C-H > H-O > O=O > C=O
1
O=O > C=C > C-C
900 600 300
13.
1. CO O2 CN- NO+
2. CN- NO+ N2 CO
2. O2 CN- NO+ N2
4. NO+ N2 CO O2
2 1., 3., 4.,

O2 = 2 (O)
= 2 x 8 = 16

CO = C + O
= 6 + 8 = 14
= 2 x 7 = 14
N2 = 2 (N)
1...4 CO O2
3. O2 N2
14.
1. CO2 NH3 CCl4
2. HF CH4 CCl4
3. NO2 BeCl2 H2S
4. BeCl2 PBr3 PCl3
15.
2. BeF2 SiO2 CO2
1. SO2 Cl2O H2S
3. CS2 C2H2 HCN
4. Cl2O SiO2 CO2
16.
. CH3COOH
. CH2CH2
. CH3CHO
. HOCH2CH3
1.
2.
3.
4.
17. X, Y Z 17, 35 54
. XF3
. YF5
. ZF2
1
1.
2.
3.
4.

18

 5
. . .

19

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)

2.
1) AgCl
CaCO3
Na2CO3
Hg(OH)2
2) AgCl
CaCO3
Hg(OH)2
HgI
3) PbSO4 HgI
Ca(HCO3)2
KBr
4) (NH4)2CO3
ZnS
CdS
C2H3O2Na
+
1, NH4 , NO3
3. A,B C
AgNO3 Na2SO4 Na2CO3 Na2HPO4 Cl2 CCl4 Br2
CCl4

AgNO3
Na2SO4
Na2CO3
Na2HPO4
Cl2/CCl4
Br2/CCl4
A

A B C
A
B
C
1
MgBr2
CaO
SrCl2
2
NH4Cl
BaCl2
Ca(NO3)2
3
MgCl2
Sr(NO3)2
(NH4)2S
4
MgI2
CaBr2
Ba(NO3)2
Bromide Cl2 Br2

 5
. . .

20

1.
1. HCl NaOH
2.
3. (CaCO3) (HCl)
4.
3

3
1
2
3

3CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)
CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + O2(g)
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
CaCl2(s) + H2O(l) + H
2.
1.
2.
3.
4. HCl NaOH
4

1. FeSO4 + O2(g)
Fe2O3(s)
MgCl2(g) + H2(g)
2. Mg(s) + HCl(aq)
3. CxHy + (x + y/4)O2(g)
xCO2(g) + y/2 H2O
4. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq) + H2O
3. 54 g C
1. 32
2. 54
3. 64
4. 72
4 3
1
(g)

6.02 x 1023

O
=
C
x/16
=
54/12 , x = 72
4. A = 23
1. A 23 g
2. A 23 C-12 1
3. A X 23 x 1.66 x 10-24 X
4. A 23 g 1.66 x 10-24

 5
. . .
3

21

1
1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24 g
5. Mg3(PO4)2 P a
1. 2.18 x 10-22 a
2. 9.36 x 10-22 a
3. 131a
4. 293a

Mg3(PO4)2
2P
262 g
2 x 6.02 x 1023 ..............
(1)
Xg
a
(2)
x
262
=
, X = 2.176 x 1022 a
23
a
6 . 02 x10
6. CaCO3 x CO2
CaO(s) + CO2(g)
CaCO3(s)
CO2(g) Ca(OH)2 0.5 mol/dm3 200 cm3
HCl 0.2 mol/dm2 HCl 100 cm3 x
1. 12
2. 10
3. 8
4. 6

CaCO3
CaO + CO2(g)
Xg
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
3
0.5 M, 200 cm
HCl Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
0.5 x 200
Mol Ca(OH)2
=
= 0.1 mol
1000
0.2 x100
Mol HCl =
= 0.02 mol
1000
mol Ca(OH)2 CO2 = 0.01 0.02 mol = 0.08 mol
Mol CO2 = mol CaCO3
= 0.08 mol x 100 g/1mol
= 8 g 3
7. 80.6 C XmYn 0.51
10.2 78.9 C
kf = 6.80 C
X = 100, Y = 50
1. XY
2. XY2
3.X2Y
4. XY3
w1 1000
x
x kf

T = mk =
w2
M1
0.51 1000
80.6 78.9 =
x
x 6.8, M1 = 200
M 1 10.2

 5
. . .
XmYn =

22

mX + nY
= 200
100m + 50n
= 200
2m + n = 4

m = 1, n = 2
XmYn = XY2 = 100 + (50x2) = 200
8. 30 cm3 25 C 1 O2 2.00 O2
Cl2 Cl2
1. 0.07
2. 2.00
3. 2.50
4. 3.0
2
Avogadro

9. 20 cm3 O2 200 cm3

160 cm3 100 cm3
( 1 atm)
1. C3H6
2. C3H8
3. C4H5
4. C4H10
y
y
2
CxHy + (X +
)O2
xCO2 +
H 2O
4
2
Ca(OH)2 CO2 O2
CO2 = 160 100 = 60
O2 CxHy = 200 100 = 100
y
y
CxHy + (X +
)O2
xCO2 +
H2O
4
2
20 cm3 100 cm3
60 cm3
y
CxHy + 5O2
3CO2 +
H2O
2
y
y
X+
=5 ,
3+
=5
4
4
X=3, y= 8
CxHy = C3H8 = alkane = propane

 5
. . .
10. 2HI

[HI]

23

N2 + I2

1)
2)
3)
4)

1)
10
11. A 10 = x B 1 = y A

xy
10 10 x
1010 y
10 10
2.
3.
4.
y
y
x
1010
12. A
1
A ()
A ()
1
1
1.88
2
2
3.76
3
3
5.76
4
4
7.56
( A = 27 = 102)
A
1. AO2
2. A2O3
3. A3O4
4. A2O5
3
3
13. A 9 / 2 B 3 /3
B 4 3 A B
1. BaCl2 + H2SO4
2. H3PO4 + CaCl2
3. H2SO4 + BaCl2
4. CaCl2 + H3PO4
14.
1. 36
2. CO2 1.2 x 1024
3. H2(g) 2.24 STP
4. CO C = 24
1.

 5
. . .

24

5. H2SO4 S = 6.02 x 1023

1. 1, 2 3
2. 2, 3 4
3. 1, 3 4
4.
15. Na2CrO4.nH2O 15.2% n
1. 2
2. 5
3. 7
4. 10
16. X2(CO3)3 19.00 X 16.00 (C =
12, O = 16)
1. CO
2. 2CO2
3. 3CO2
4. 3C
17. 4.56 100 0.512oC 1
1000 5.12oC
1. = 456
2. 2
3.
4. = 456
18. Na2S2O3.5H2O 0.310 250 cm3 Cl2
Cl2(g) N2(g) 25 cm3
1. KOH (aq) 1.0 M 12.5 cm3
2. AgNO3 (aq) 1.0 M 10 cm3
3. BaCl2 (aq) 0.583
1)
2) / ( Na2S2O3.5H2O = 248)

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)

1. 1, 2 3
2. 1 2
3. 1 4
4. 1 3
2. (C = 12, H = 1, P = 31, S = 32, Cl 35.5, N = 14, O = 16)
1. CO2 H2S PH3
2. CH3Cl SO2 N2O

 5
. . .

25

3. CO2 C3H8 N2O

4. HCl NO2 NH3
3. V P
P
300K B A 4
C
A = 400 cm3 E
E

1. 400

2. 1200

3. 1500

4. 1600

4.
.
.
. NaHCO3
.

1.

2.
,

3.

,
4.

5. A, B C 35oC, 65oC 56oC

1. 25oC A C
2. 3 B > C > A
3. B
4. A, B, C
6.
1.
2.
3.
4. 1
7.

(oC)
(oC)
A
-115
-100
B
27
90
C
15
70
D
113
440

 5
. . .

1. B, C, D
2. A, C

3. B, C

26

4. D

8.

(oC)

(oC)

A
-253
-259
B
357
-39
C
1390
747
D
4827
>3550
A, B, C D
A
B
C
1.
CH4
Na
NaCl
2.
H2
Hg
NaBr
NH3
3.
S
KCl
N2
4.
Fe
CaCl2

Si
S

(Rate of reaction)

1. N2O5 N2O5
2N2O5(g)
4NO2(g) + O2(g)
NO2 O2
1. O2
2. O2
3.
4.
2. A(s) + B(g)
C(s) + D(g)

 5
. . .

1.

2.

3.

4.

27

3.

(oC)
()
16
400
40
50
56
12.5
2
2. 10oC
3. 12oC
4. 16oC
1. 8oC
4. x
y 100 kJ/mol
75 kJ/mol
1. 25 kJ/mol
2. 175 kJ/mol
3. 25 kJ/mol
4. 175 kJ/mol
5.
1. 1 1 HCl 0.1 mol/dm3
2. 2 0.5 HCl 0.2 M
3. 1 HCl 0.1 mol/dm3
4. 1 HCl 0.2 M
6. N2O N2 O2 N2O
(mol.dm-3) (s)

 5
. . .

28

1. O2 0.001 mol dm-3 s-1

2. N2O 2 N2O 2
3. N2O 0.10 mol dm-3 10 N2O 0.09 mol dm-3
4. N2O 0.10 mol dm-3 50
N2O : N2 : O2 1 : 1 : 2
7.

2AB 40 kJ
. A2 + B2
. 2AB
A2 + B2 10 kJ
. A2 + B2
2AB
.

1.
2.
3. ,
4.
8.
2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 6H2O(l)
2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2(g)
2
1 0.5 . x 10 . 1
2 1

 5
. . .

(s)
0
2
4
6

29

NaOH (mol dm-3) NaAl(OH)4 (mol dm-3)

1
2
1
2
a
a
b
d
x
A
e
h
y
B
f
i
z
c
g
J

. x > A
. z < c
. b = d = 0
. f > i
1.
2.
3. ,
4. , ,
+
9. [NO2] [NO3] 32oC 1 atm N2O5

[NO2]+[NO3]-(s)
N2O5(g)
2N2O5(g)
4NO(g) + O2(g)

1. NO2 = 4 O2
2. NO2 = 2 N2O5
3. O2 = 1/4 NO2
4. O2 = 2 N2O5
10. A A
2C
()
[A] (mol dm-3)
0
3.0
2
2.6
5
2.0
7
1.6
10
1.0
[C] 8
1. 1.4
2. 1.6
3. 2.6
4. 3.2
11. A + B

 5
. . .

30

()
()

1. () a+b+c , () d
2. () b+c+d , () d
3. () a+b , () (c+d)
4. () b , () (c+d)
12. 1 a

h 3

1. a
2. c b f c2f5
3. f 0 -2 +6

4. g f -1
13. A+ B
P
A B
1)
A
2)
A B
3)
A P
4)
P

 5
. . .

31

13. CO2
2C6H6 (g) + 15O2(g)
12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
-2
2.24X10 mol/L.sec O2 mol/L.sec
1) 2.24X10-2
2) 1.3X10-1
3) 2.8X10-2
4) 1.7 X10-3
R = -1/2 RC6H6 = -1/15 R O2 (R=Rate)
14.
1)
2)
3)
4)
15. A B C D
Eaf
Rate (mol.min-1)

1
A+B+48kj
C
Ea(1)
8.3
0.2
2
A+B
D+ 32.0kj
Ea(2)
4.6
0.8

1) Ea(1)> Ea(2) C D
2) Ea(1)> Ea(2) (1)(2)
3) Ea(1)< Ea(2) C D
4) Ea(1)< Ea(2) (1) (2)
16. y(HI) X ( )
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
B
C
D

17. C 1 y X
1) y= CO2 , x = CaCO3 N2SO4
2) y= x= Na2S2O3 1H.HCl
Na2S2O3
3) y= (ll) , x= H2C2O4 H2SO4

4) y= x= Na2S2O3 1H.HCl
Na2S2O3

 5
. . .

32

HCl + Na2S2O3 R
18. Na2O4
2NO2(g)
N2O4(g)

0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
A B C
A
1
0.025
2
0.034
3
0.070
4
0.045

0.050
0.033
B
0.020
B
0.028
0.025
0.026
0.030

N2O4(g)
R (R) =R N2O4 =1/2RNO2
R= []/
7

N2O4
0.000
A
0.050
C

NO2

C
0.075
0.060
0.060
0.075
2NO2(g)

1.
C(s) + H2O(g)
CO(g) + H2(g)
CO H2
1.
2.

2.
Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq)
Cu2+(aq) + Ag(s)

1.
2.
3.
4.

3.

4.

 5
. . .

33

3.
HF(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)

1. HF
2. F-
3.
4. 1
4. X Y
(R) (K)

1
2
3
4

X ()
X ()
Y ()
Y ()

5. H2(g) + I2(g)
2HI(g) 55.17 H2(g)
3
I2(g) 1.00 mol 0.50 dm H2 HI

1
2
3
4

[H2]
0.07
0.07
0.42
0.42

[HI]
1.93
3.86
1.58
3.16

H2(g) + I2(g) = 2HI(g) K = 55.17

0.50 dm3 H2 I2 = 1.0
1.0 dm3
= 2
H2 + I2 2.0 x 10-2
6. 2HI
HI
H2 + I2
-2
1. 1.0 x 10
2. 2.0 x 10-2
3. 1.0 x 10-1
x 10-1
K = (K)n , n =
2SO3(g)
7. 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

1. O2

4. 1.4

 5
. . .

34

2.
3.
4.
8.
. N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
. N2(g) + 3/2 H2(g)
NH3(g)
. 1/3 N2(g) + H2(g)
2/3 NH3(g)
k1, k2, k3
1. k1 = k2 k3

2. k 2 = k1k33

3. k1 = k 2 k33 / 2

4.

k1 = k2 k33
9. k
2C(g)
k1
A(g) + B(g)
D(g) + E(g) )
A(g) + C(g) k2
E(g) + F(g) )
2B(g) + G(g) k3
3A(g) + F(g) )
2C(g) + D(g) + G(g)

k1k32
k 2k
k 2k
kk
2. 1 3
3. 1 3
4. 1 3
k2
k2
k3
k2
10. COCl2 2
COCl2(g)
CO(g) + Cl2(g)
0.40 /
1.6 / CO

1. 2
2.
3. 4
4. 1.2 /
1.

1
pH

1-3

4.4

1-7

pH

3-4
4.4-6.2
8.3-10
6.0-7.6

pH

5
6.3
6.3
7.6

 5
. . .

35

1. 4

1
1

3
1

4
1

1. pH 5.0 6.0
2. pH 8.5 9.5
3. pH 4.0 4.5
4. pH 2.0 3.0
2. 5
I
CH3COONa

CH3COOCH3

CH3COOH
II
CH3COONa
III
NaOH

NaCl
IV
NH3

(NH4)2CO3

NaCN
V
NH3
pH
1. I II
2. II IV
3. I III
4. III V
3. A B A B A,
B
1. CH3COOH, HCl
2. Ba(OH)2, NaHCO3
3. KCl, CH3COONa
4. NaHCO3, NH3
4. HCO3
1. HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l)
H2CO3(aq) + OH-(aq)
H2CO3(aq) + CO32-(aq)
2. HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq)
3. HCO3-(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
H2CO3(aq) + SO42-(aq)
H2O(l) + CO2(g) + CH3COO-(aq)
4. HCO3-(aq) + CH3COOH(aq)
5. A B
1. A B
2. pH
3. A B
4. A B
3
6. NaOH 0.1 M 100 cm HCl 0.2 M 100 cm3
NaCl NaCl mol/dm3
1) 0.01, 0.05
2) 0.02, 0.10
3) 0.01, 0.10
4) 0.02, 0.20

 5
. . .

36

7. 1.13 g/cm3 8
/dm3
1. 0.13
2. 1.33
3. 1.51
4. 7.1
3
3
8. CH3COOH 0.2 M 10 cm NaOH 0.1 M 10 cm

1. pH < 7
2. pH > 7
3. pH = 7
4. CH3COONa
9. pH = 5 10 cm3 100 cm3 pH
1. 10
2. 6
3. 4
4. 1
-7
3
10. 1.0 x 10 mol/dm

1.
2.
3.
4.
11.
1. NH3 HCl
2.
3. CH3COOH NaOH
4.
12.
2. HCN HI H2S HF HCOOH
1. HF HNO2 HCOOH HBr HCN
3. HI HF HCN HBr HNO2
4. HF HNO2 HCOOH HCN H2S
13.
HSO3- H2PO4- HCO32. H2SO3 H3PO4 H2CO3
1. SO3- HPO42- CO32223. HSO3 HPO4 CO3
4. SO32- HPO42- H2CO3
14.
2. H2PO4- HCO3- NO31. NH4+ CO32- CH3COO3. NH4+ H2PO4- HCO34. HS- H2PO4- CH3COO15. M X a% d g/cm3
500 cm3 0.02 mol/dm3 X
1. ad / M
2. ad / 1000 M
3. 1000 M / ad
4. M / ad

 5
. . .

37

1.
1. 2NH3(g) + 502(g)
2NO(g) + H20(g)
2. Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI(aq)
PbI2(g) + 2KNO3(g)
3. 2KMnO4(s) + 16HCl(aq)
2KCl(aq) + 2MnCl2(aq) + 5Cl2(g) + 8H2O(l)
4. 10FeSO4(aq) + KMnO4(aq)
4H2SO4(aq) + 5Fe(SO4)3 + KCl(aq) + 4H20(l)

3
2. Mg Fe Fe
Fe Mg
1. Mg Fe
2. Fe Mg
3. Fe Fe
4. E0 Mg E0 Fe
Mg II Fe E0 Mg < E0 Fe
1
3. 3 cm 5

0.1 M Zn(NO3)2 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2 0.1 M AgNO3 0.1 M Cu(NO3)2 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2

x
x
/

/
/
x

/
/

/
X
-

1. Ag > Cu > Pb > Zn > Mg

2. Pb > Cu > Ag > Zn > Mg
3. Mg > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ag
4. Zn > Pb > Cu > Ag > Mg
I, II
3
4.
1. CO2(s) )
2. CS2(l) + 3Cl2(g)

CO2(g)
CCl4(l) + S2Cl2(l)

 5
. . .
3. CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
4. CaCO3(s) )
CaO(s) + CO2(g)
5. +2
1. [Cu(CN)4]2+
2. [CrCl6]43. [Fe(CN)4]24. [Ni(NH3)4]2+
6. P, S Zr 3

NaNH4HPO4.4H2O
Na2S2O3.5H2O
ZrCl2.O.8H2O
1.
+3
+4
+2
2.
+5
+2
+4
3.
+3
+2
+4
4.
+5
+4
+2
7. Pt
A3+(aq) + B+(aq)
A2+(aq) + B2+(aq) , Ecell = +0.51 V

1. Pt/A2+(aq),A3+(aq)//B2+(aq)/Pt
2. B+ A3+
3. A3+
4. B+ A3+
8. 4 4

X

R
S
T
U
R
X
X

X
X
S
X
X
X

T
X
X

U
X

4
1. R<S<T<U
2. S<R<T<U
3. U<S<T<R
4. U<R<T<S

38

 5
. . .
9.
A : PbO2(s) + SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e B : Pb(s) + SO42-(aq)
PbSO4(s) + 2e
1. (H2SO4)
2. A reduction B oxidation
3. PbSO4
4. PbO2(s)
10. E
2+

1
2

Fe(s)
Fe (aq) + 2e
2+
Ni (aq) + 2e
Ni(s)
2+
Pb (aq) + 2e
Pb(s)
Cl2(g) + 2e
2ClZn2+(aq) + 2eZn(s)
+
H2O(l)
O2(g) + 2H (aq) + 2e

. Fe/Fe2+ (1 M) Ni/Ni2+ (1 M)
. Pb/Pb2+ (1 M) Pt/Cl2(1 atm)/Cl- (1 M)

PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)

E (V)
-0.44
-0.24
-0.13
+1.36
-0.76
+1.23

. Zn/Zn2+ (1 M) Pt/O2(1 atm)/H2O

E

E
1.
,
>>
2.
,
>>
3.
,,
>>
4.
,,
>>
11.
3CH2(OH)CH2(OH) + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
1) 3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
2) Zn2Fe(CN)6 + 8NaOH
2Na2ZnO2 + Na4Fe(CN)6 + 4H2O
2Ca(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + 10NO2 + 6H2O
3) Cu2S + 14HNO3
4) CaCr2O7 + 3H2C2O4 + 4H2C2O4 + 4H2SO4
CaSO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 6CO2 + 7H2O

39

 5
. . .

40

12. M, N, P Q 1 mol/dm3 P
Q

M2+

1.
2.
3.
4.

N
M
O
P

N3+

P3+

13. CuSO4

E (V)
2+
Cu + 2e
Cu(s)
+0.34
2H2O + 2e
H2 + 2OH
-0.41
+
O2 + 4H + 2e
2H2O
+0.815
22S2O8 + 2e
2SO4
+0.815
1.
2.
3.
4.
14.

A
B

Zn
Zn

C MnO2
C , NH4+ MnO2

KOH
NH4Cl , ZnCl2

 5
. . .
C
D

Zn
Zn

HgO
Ag2O

41

KOH
KOH

A , B , C D
1.
2.
3.
4.
15.
.
.
.
.
.

1.
2.
3.
4.

10

1.
1.1

Fe
(Fe2O3)

Cu
(CuFeS2)

Sn
(SnO2)

Sb 2
Sb2S3
Sb2O4.nH2O
Zn-Cd ZnS
Ta-Nb
Zr ZrSiO4
1.2.

1.3
+ +

 5
. . .

42

1.4 2
-
-
2.






, (IC), ,

3. NaCl
NaCl 2
1.
2.
NaCl NaOH Cl2 Electrolysis
2
1)
2)

2
1) (NH4)2SO4
NH3 , H2SO4
2NH3 + H2SO4
(NH4)2SO4

4.

2)
NH3 , CO2
CO2 + 2 NH3

1. SO2
1.)
3.)

+ H 2O

2.)
4.)

 5
. . .

43

2.
1) 1. CaCO3(s)
CaO(s) + CO2(g)
2) 2. 2CO(g) + O2(g)
CO2(g)
3) 3. C(s) + CO2(g)
2CO(g)
4) 4. CaO(s) + SiO2(l)
CaSiO3(l)
3.

. +
+ CO2(g)
.
O
H
.
NaO C CH CH C COOH
2

NH2

. Cl2(g) NaOH = 1:2

1.)
2.)
3.) ,
4.)
4.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
6.
1)
2)
3)
4)
7. NaOH, BaCl2, Na2CO3 HCl

1.) Mg2+ Ba2+ H+ SO422.) Ca2+ Ba2+ SO42- CO323.) Mg2+ SO42- Ca2+ CO324.) Mg2+ CO32- Ba2+ SO428.
2.) Na2CO3 CO
1.) Na2CO3 NH3
3.) NaHCO3 NH3
4.) NaHCO3 CO
9.

()

()
()

()

 5
. . .

1.
2.
3.
4.

()

()

()

44

()

10 A-C

BOD
DO
pH

A
1
5
7.5

B
10
2
6

C
200
1
12
pH

1.
B
pH
2.
A

3.
C

4.
A
BOD
10. (NH4)2SO4 CO , CO2 , NH2 , H2

1.) N2
2.) CO
3.) CO2
4.) NH3
11. (NH4)2SO4
1.) H2 CO2
2.)
3.) Ni CH4(g)
4.) 1,2,3
12.
1.) Na2O
2.) NaHCO3
3.) Na2CO3
4.) NaOH
13.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)

 5
. . .

11

45

1. /
1.1)

CC > C=C > CC

900
600
300 kg/mol

121
134
154 pm
1.2)
(Isomer)
. (Constitutional isomers structural isomers)

C2H6O: H3CH2C-O-H
C2H6O2: H-CO-O-CH3
C3H6O: H3C-CO-CH3

(alcohol) (ether)
(ester)
(ketone) (aldehyde)

H3C-O-CH3
H3C-CO-O-H
H3CH2C-CHO

. (stereoisomers)
C
4

(enantiomers)

. (Geometrical isomers) ( subset

)
C=C C

- cis C=C
- trans C=C
H

Br

Br

C C

C C
Br

Br

Br

cis-1,2-dibromoethane trans-1,2-

Br

Br

cis-1,2-

Br

trans-1,2-

 5
. . .
dibromoethane

dibromocyclohexane

46

dibromocyclohexane

C 2
1. C + H 2
*

CnH2n+2
-
1. ()
(alkane)
(+ane)

H H
H H

CnH2n -

Br
H C C Br HBr
H C C H
H H
H H
(cycloalkane)
(+ane)
2

(alkene)

(cycloalkene)

CnH2n
CnH2n-2

-
(+ene)
- -(+ene)

(g)

1.
H

H H

H
C

Br2

Br

Br

H H

2. ()
H
C C
H

CH3
2

KMnO4

H2O

H H
H C C CH3

2 KOH

MnO2

OH OH

(alkyne)

CnH2n-2

-
(+yne)

1.
Br Br
H C

2 Br2

H C

Br Br

**
(aromatic
hydrocarbon)

-
(+ene)

1.
H

H
H
H2SO4

SO3H
H

H
H2O

***** : 1)
- CnH2n
alkene cycloalkane
alkyne cycloalkene
- CnH2n-2

O2 CO2 H2O
CxHy + O2
xCO2 + y/2 H2O
O ( ) =
O ( )
= (2X + y/2)1/2 = X + y/4

 5
. . .

47

3 alkane ( ) alkene alkyne

O H H2O H O C CO2 ( O H
O C CO )

1. ()
2.

Br2/CCl4

8
8
9 (HBr(g))

9
9
9

99
99
99

999
8
8*
* + Fe(s) (HBr(g))

KMnO4
8
9
99
8
b.p.

1.) C
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3

-162.0
-88.6
-42.1
( C)

CH3CH2CH2CH3
-0.5

Cn

2.) C :

(C)

C C C C C

36

28

3.) C > < <

CH3CH3

CH2= CH2
- 88.6
- 102
( C)

C
C

C C
C

10

CH CH
- 84

2. C + O / N

/
1.) O

1.
(alcohols)
(hydroxy)
: -
()
(-OH)
2. ( Na )
2 ROH + 2Na 2RO-Na+ + H2(g)

 5
. . .
(ether)

(oxy)
(-O-)

(carboxylic acid) (carboxyl)

O

48

""

1.
: -
()
2. ( Na Na2HCO3 )

C OH

2 R C OH

2 Na

H2 (g)

2 R C O Na

R C OH

NaHCO 3

R C O Na

CO 2 (g)

H2O

3. (esterification)
O

R C OH

(ester)

(aldehyde)

R'OH

O
R C OR'

H2O

(oxycarboxyl)

* 1.
O
O
-
H+
R C OR'
R C OH
R'OH
O

C O
--

()
(carboxaldehyde) : -
40 %
O
C

(ketone)

(carbonyl)

: -

()

O
C

2.) N

(amino) 1. bp. C (
(amine)
(--NH2)
""
)
2. ()
R-NH2 + HCl R-NH3+Cl3.
O

R C OH

3.) O N

(amide)

O
(amide)
: -

R'NH2

R C NHR' H2O

1.
()

C N

2. (

H2N C NH2

 5
. . .
()

Na(s)

9(H2(g))

9(H2(g))

NaOH (aq)
8
9
8

49

NaHCO3 (aq)
8
9(CO2(g))
8

1. : >> ()

Na(s) ( H2(g))
NaOH (aq)
NaHCO3 (aq) ( CO2(g))

9
8
8

9
9
9

8
8
8
2. (): > >
>>> HC
CH3COOH CH3CH2OH CH3CHO HCOOCH3 CH3OCH3
CH3CH3

118
78.5
21.0
31.5
-24.9
- 88.6
(C)
3. :
4. (esterification): + + (
(hydrolysis))
O
R C OH

R'OH

R C OR'

H2O

5. : + + (
)
O
R C OH R'NH2

O
R C NHR' H2O

1. 3 35.29 %
5.88 %

1)
C4H8Br
C4H8Br
2)
C4H8Br
C8H16Br2
3)
C4H8I
C4H8I
4)
C4H8I
C8H16I2

 5
. . .

50

2 %

2. (A-net50)

CH2CH3

1.

H3C

CH3
H

CH3

2.

H3CH2C

CH2CH3
CH3

CH2CH3

3.

H3CH2C

CH2CH3

4. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

CH3

Cl H H ( 1 H 4 3
)
1
3. A C8H14
.
. 2
.
.
.
.
A
1.) .
2.) . . .
3.) . . .
4.) . . .

A C8H14 CnH2n-2
alkyne cycloalkene
4
4. (A-net49)
1.) (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2
2.) CH3HC=CHCH3
3.) CH3CH2HC=CHCH3
4.) CH3CH2HC=CHCH2CH3
C
1
5. (A-net50) 1

 5
. . .

51

1.
2.
3.
4.

C H
()
1
6. 2 A B C 85.7% H 14.3% 1
STP 2.5 A B A
B
1.) C = C C C
2.) C - C C = C
3.) C C C = C
4.) C = C C - C

A KMnO4
A
B KMnO4 B

1 STP = (2.5) g
22.4
= (Mr) g (Mr = )

Mr
22.4

H3C CH2

H3C

2.5 , Mr = 22.4 x 2.5 = 56 = C4H8

1

CH CH2

CH CH CH3

()

()

4
7. (A-net49) C2H4 C2H6 5.8

1. 6.5
2. 11.6
3. 20.8
4. 41.6
x C2H4 = x C2H4 C2H6
5.8 x = x x = 3.0 C2H4 = 3.0
28

30

C2H6 = 2.8
3
7.

 5
. . .
OH

1 ) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

2 ) CH3CH2CH2CH2C

CH

52

3 ) CH3CH2OCH2CH3
O

4 ) CH3 C OCH2CH3

CH3CH2CHCH3
O
CH3CH2CH2 C OH

1
7. ( 34 ENT48/1)
NH2(CH2)4NH2

OH
HOOC CH2

C CH2COOH

COOH
OH
1.

HOOC CH2

NHCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
2.

C CH2COOH
-

HOOC CH2

COOH

COO H3N CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

-

OH

O H3N CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
3. HOOC CH2

C CH2COOH

C CH2COOH

HOOC CH2

4.

COOH

C CH2COONHCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
COOH
+

( H+) COO- ( H ) NH3+

1
8. X Y C5H8O2

Na
NaHCO3(aq)
Br2/CCl4

X Y
OH

1)

CHO

O
O

O
2)

OMe

3)

OMe

O
4)

OMe

CHO

 5
. . .

53

Br2
Na R-OH R-COOH NaHCO3(aq) R-COOH
2
9. a b c

(g/100 cm3)

(oC)

1) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CHO, CH3CH2CH2COOH

2) CH3CH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CHO
3) CH3(CH2)3OH, CH3(CH2)4OH, CH3(CH2)5OH
4) CH3(CH2)5OH, CH3(CH2)4OH, CH3(CH2)4OH
HC
3
10. A, B, C D

Br2

A 77

B 78

C 83

D 118

A, B, C D
1.

2.

3.

4.

( C)

Na

 5
. . .

54

11. ( 35 ENT48/1)

Br2
Br2

NaHCO3

CHCOOH

CH3CH2CH2OH

1.

CH2

2.

CH3CH2COOH

CH2

3.

CH3CH2CH2OH

CH3CH2COOH

4.

CH2

CHCOOH

CHCH2OH

CH3CH2CH2COOH

CH2 CH CH CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH2CH3
CH CH2

NaHCO3 Br2
1
12. (A-net49) A B A
B
A B
A
B
1. CH3CH2COOCH3
CH3(CH2)2COOH
2. (CH3)2CHCOOH
CH3CH2COOCH3
3. CH3COOCH2CH3
(CH3)2CHCOOCH3
4. CH3CH2COOCH3
(CH3)2CHCOOH
A A
CH3 B B
1
13. X C9H10O3 NaOH
HCl y y 1 Na 2 H2 1
NaHCO3 1 CO2 1 X

 5
. . .
O
C
1.

O
C

OCH2CH3

2.

OH

OCH3

O
C
3.

OCH3

O
C

OH

4.

OCH2CH2CH3

OCH2CH3

1) x + NaOH
y(s)
2)
y(s) + 2Na
H2
3)
y(s) + NaHCO3
CO3
(1) x ester
(2) y alcohol
(3) y y - OH - COOH
1

14. ., . . ( )
COOH

CH3

OH

1)
10 % NaHCO3
. .
.
2)
NaCl
. .
.
3)
10 % NaOH
. .
.
4)

.
. .

55

 5
. . .
12

56

()

()

( PE , PP , PVC)

( bp )
<<()<
<<<<

( PE , PP , PVC)

:
Thermoplastic
/
Thermosetting

:
:
: ,

(C8): isooctane = 100, heptane = 0

-
(C16): cetane = 100, - methylnaphthalene = 0
-

65.7

77.0

82.6

93.5

 5
. . .

57

1. 90

1.) 90 % 10%
2.) 90% 10%
3.) 90% 10%
4.) 90% 10%
= 90%
= 90% + = 10%
1
2.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
()
4
3. (Ent48 37)

 5
. . .

58

catalyst

1.

heat

2.

CH3CH CH2

3.

CH3(CH2)4CH3

H2SO4

CH3CH(CH3)2
catalyst

CH3CH3

CH3CHCH2CHCH3
CH2

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH3CH CH2

CH3(CH2)3CH CH2
H2/Pt

4.

1 2 (+) 3 c9d9y; (
) 4 ()
4.

1
2
3
4

1
5.
O

C O CH2CH2

O
n

)
)
HOOC

) (

1) . . 2) . . 3) . . 4) ., . .
6. (Ent48 39)

COOH

 5
. . .

59

O
n

O
O

O
n

n
C

n
Cl
D

1.
A

2.
B

3.
C

4.
D

(C=O)
1 A styrene + 1,3-butadiene B
telephthalic acid + ethylene glycol C propylene + ethylene D vinyl
chloride
3

13

 5
. . .
+

(biomolecules)

NaOH

(Fats & Oils)

:
()
Esterifcation
1
+ 3

OH
OH
OH

O
HO C
O
HO C
O
HO C

60

(Fatty acids)
:
, C
NaOH

(Proteins)

(amino acids)

m
o

O C
O
O C
O
O C

(3 10 )

O
n

(Carbohydrates)

n
3 H2O

(Enzymes) : Ea

(Fats & Oils)

(25 C)

(saturated fatty acids)

(unsaturated fatty acids)

O

O
CH3(CH2)14C OH

( C-C)
(C)

*** ***

/
/ (+ )

(+ , -)
*****

CH3(CH2)5
H

(CH2)7C

OH

63

32

Br2 I2 ()
CuSO4 (aq) + NaOH
Benedict ( Cu2+
)

(Cu2O)

 5
. . .

61

DNA RNA
DNA

()

N-

OH
O

P O

N-

OH
O P O

OH

OH

O
OH

N-

RNA

C, G, A T
(double stand)

O
OH

OH

C, G, A U
(single stand)

1.
1.)
2.)
3.) ( saponification )

 5
. . .

62

4.) 1. 3.

4
2. (O-Net 49)

1) CH3-(C12H24)-CO2H
2) CH3-(C14H26)-CO2H
3) CH3-(C16H26)-CO2H
4) CH3-(C18H24)-CO2H
.4 C
() C H 2 1
2 1 H 26 ( 2 ) ( H
= 2x14 = 28 3. 3 ( H 6 ) 4. 6 ( H 12 )
3. (A-Net48)
O
H2C O C

H2C OH

C15H31

O
HC O C

C15H31

HC OH

3 CH3OH

3 CH3O C

C15H31

O
H2C O C

H2C OH

C15H31

1)
2)
3)
4)
()

1)
4.
1)

HOOC

CH CH2

HN
CH2
O

CH2
COOH

2)

H2N C CH2 CH NH2

3)

H2N CH CH2 CH2 COOH

COOH

4)

H2N CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 NH2

COOH

 5
. . .

63

-amino acid
4
5.
1.) + +

2.) +

3.) +
+
4.) +
+
+
4
6.
CuSO4
1.

2.

3.

4.

()
2

NaOH

7. (A-Net48)

I2

CuSO4/NaOH
1)

2)

3)

4)

1 I2

A B C

 5
. . .

64

A B C
1. A: B: C:
2. A: B: C:
3. A: B: C:
4. A: B: C:
C

3
8.
O
O
H2N CH2

CH2

C NH2
O

C NH CH C NH CH C NH CH C OH
CH3

CH2CH2COOH

1. 4
2. 5
3.
4.
Peptide (C(=O)-NH)
2
9.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.) (Denaturation)
Enzyne Catalyst
2
10.
. CH3(CH2)3 CH = CH (CH2)7COOH
. CH3(CH2)16COOH
. CH3(CH2)7CH = CH (CH2)7COOH
. CH3(CH2)4CH = CH - CH2 CH = CH (CH2)7COOH

 5
. . .
glycerol ()
1.
2. ,
3.
4. ,
ester glycerol
4
11.
= H2N CH2 COOH
= H2N CH COOH
CH3
= H2N CH COOH
CH
CH3 CH3

1
2 1
3 2
4 3

1. HOOC

CH2 HNOC CH HNOC

CH3

CH NH2

H3C

CH
CH3

2. H2N CH2 CONH CH CONH CH COOH

CH3
3. HOOC

CH HNOC

CH
H3C CH
3
4.

H3C

CH
CH3

CH HNOC CH NH2
CH3

CH3

H2N CH CONH CH CONH CH COOH

H3C

CH
CH3

CH3

CH3

(solid phase synthesis)

1
O
COOH

H2N CH COOH
CH
H3C CH
3

N CH COOH
H
CH
H3C CH
3

65

 5
. . .

66

2
O
C

N CH COOH
H
CH
H3C CH
3

H2N CH COOH
CH3

N CH C
H
CH
H3C CH
3

N CH COOH
H
CH3

N CH C
H
CH
H3C CH
3

N CH COOH
H
CH3

H2N CH2 COOH

N CH C
H
CH
H3C CH
3

O
N CH C N CH2 COOH
H
H
CH3

4
O

N CH C
H
CH
H3C CH
3

O
N CH C N CH2 COOH
H
H
CH3

hydrolysis

O
H2N CH C
H3C

CH
CH3

O
N CH C N CH2 COOH
H
H
CH3

12. (Ent48/1 38)

HCONH

H
N

N
CH3

N
CH3 O

H
N

N
CH3 O

NH2

NH

NH
1.

CONH2

HCONH2

CH3CH2

C NH2

HCOOH

H2NCH2CH2

H2N CH3
2.

NH

COOH

C NH2

CH3
HCONH
NH
3.

HCONHCH2CH2

N
HCONH

C NH2

CH3
NH

4.

3
N

NH2

HOOCCH2CH2

C NH2

CH3

C=O OH N
H

 5
. . .
HCONH

67

H
N

N
CH3

N
CH3 O

H
N

N
CH3 O

NH2

NH

2
13. (A-Net50)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4
14. DNA RNA
1)
2)
3) N-
4) 2 3
4 DNA deoxyribose RNA ribose N- RNA
(Uracil (U)) (Thymine (T)) DNA
15. DNA N-

1)
C
T
G
2)
G
A
C
3)
T
C
A
4)
C
G
T
2 A T C G

G
C
A
T