Bài 1.

Thì hiện tại đơn (Simple present tense)

I. Công thức:
a. Đối với động từ tobe

(+) Dạng khẳng định: S + tobe (is/are/am) + …

(-) Dạng phủ định: S + tobe (is/are/am) + not + ...

(?) Dạng nghi vấn: Tobe (Is/Are/Am) + S + …

S: chủ ngữ
- Cách dùng:
 is: Chủ ngữ số ít (She, He, It,…)
 are: Chủ ngữ số nhiều (You, We, They,…)
 am: I
She is You are I am
He is They are
It is We are
- Viết tắt
 is not  isn’t / ’s not
 are not  aren’t / ‘re not
 am not  am not / ‘m not
Example:
1. (+) She is a teacher.
 (-) She is not a teacher.
 (?) Is she a teacher?
2. It is a fat cat.
 (+) It is a fat cat.
 (-) It is a not fat cat.
  (?) Is it a fat cat?

3. They are fat rabbits.

 (+) They are fat rabbits.
 (-) They are not fat rabbits.
 (?) Are they fat rabbits?

4.
 (+)
 (-)
 (?)

5.
 (+) They are wild animals
 (-) They are not wild animals
 (?) Are they wild animals?

6.
 (+)
 (-)
  (?)

b. Đối với động từ thường

(+) Dạng khẳng định: S + V (để nguyên, hoặc thêm s/es).

(-) Dạng phủ định: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V(nguyên).
(?) Dạng nghi vấn: Do/Does + S + V?

do not  don’t  số nhiều

does not  doesn’t  số ít

Lưu ý: S: chủ ngữ

V: động từ
Cách dùng: trợ động từ do/does
 Do/do not (don’t): Chủ ngữ số nhiều (I và You, We, They,…)
 Does/does not (doesn’t): Chủ ngữ số ít (She, He, It,…)

She does/doesn’t I do/don’t

He does/doesn’t They do/don’t
It does/doesn’t We do/don’t
You do/don’t
 Các ngôi động từ không cần biến đổi:
I, We, You, They + V(giữ nguyên)
 Các ngôi phải chia thêm ‘s/es’ vào động từ:
He, she, it + V(s/es)

+ Quy tắc thêm s/es

 Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s” + “es’’
watch  watches, brush  brushes, go  goes
 Với các từ còn lại + s
 Các từ tận cùng bằng y
 Trước -y là 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i)  chỉ thêm -s vào sau V
play  plays, stay  stays
 Trước -y là 1 phụ âm thì đổi y  i + es
Study  studies, fly  flies

1.
 (+) I brush my teeth every day.
 (-) I do not (don’t) my teeth every day.
 (?) Do you brush your teeth every day?

have  has
2. He eats/has breakfast at 7:30 a.m.
 (+) He eats/has breakfast at 7:30 a.m.
 (-) He doesn’t eats breakfast at 7:30 a.m
  (?) Does he eat breakfast at 7:30 a.m?

3. They/play badminton/every afternoon.

 (+) They play badminton every afternoon
 (-) They don’t/doesn’t badminton every afternoon
 (?) Do they play badminton every afternoon?
II. Cách dùng:
1. Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên lặp đi lặp
lại ở hiện tại.
- We go to school by bus every day.

- She learns English every day.

- They play football every afternoon.

+ play basketball
+ play football/soccer
2. Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
- The sun rises in the East.

- The earth/go around/the Sun

The earth goes around the Sun.
 - Water/boil/100 degrees Celsius
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius

3. Diễn tả một lịch trình có sẵn, thời khóa biểu, chương trình

- The plane leaves for London at 12.30 pm.

- The train/leave/Hanoi/5:00 p.m.

 The train leaves Hanoi at 5:00 p.m

 - the film/tobe/TV/8:00 pm

 The film is on TV at 8:00 pm

III. Dấu hiệu

Hiện tại đơn

- Often (thỉnh thoảng), usually (thường xuyên), frequently
(thường xuyên),
- Always (luôn luôn) ~ constantly (luôn luôn)
- Sometimes (thỉnh thoảng) ~ occasionally
- Seldom, rarely (hiếm khi)
- Every (mỗi) day/ week/ month…
- Each… (mỗi)
Each person/individual
-Once/Twice/ Three times a week,…
Once/Twice/ Three times a month,…

EXERCISES:

Ex 1: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. I don’t stay/ doesn’t stay at home.

2. We don’t wash/ doesn’t wash the family car.

3. Doris don’t do/ doesn’t do her homework.

4. They don’t go/ doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 p.m.

5. Kevin don’t open/ doesn’t open his workbook.

6. Our hamster don’t eat/ doesn’t eat apples.

7. You don’t chat/ doesn’t chat with your friends.

8. She don’t use/ doesn’t use a ruler.

9. Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/ doesn’t skate in the yard.

10. The boy don’t throw/ doesn’t throw stones.

Ex 2: Khoanh tròn đáp ám đúng

1. I _____ (be) a student.

A. are
B is
C. am

2. My father __________ excuses when I feel like going to the cinema.

A. make always
B. always make
C. always makes
trạng từ chỉ tần suất (always, usually, sometimes..)
trước động từ thường, sau động từ tobe
She is always cute.
She often goes to school late.

3. His students ________ (not, speak) German in class.

A. don’t speak
B. doesn’t speak
C. doesn’t speaks

4. She ________ (not, be) six years old.

A. isn`t
B. not is
C. are not

5. John ________ (work) in a supermarket.

A. works
B. working
C. work

6. The flowers _______________ (be, normally) watered by Bob ....

A. are normally
B. normally are
C. normally is

7. Danny ________ (phone) his father on

A. Sundays.
B. phons
C. phones
D. phone

8. I ___________ (not, know) what you mean.

A. doesn`t know
B. not know
C. don`t know

Ex 3: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets:

1. He (not go) to school every day.

doesn’t goes
2. She (come) from Germany.
comes
3. My parents usually (not go) to work by car.
don’t go
4. We (watch) TV every night.
 watch
5. He (not walk) to work every day.
doesn’t walk
6. He (be) in Ca Mau.
7. They (be) students.
 8. She (usually wash) her clothes every Sunday.
usually washes
9. She (study) English every day.
studies
10. He (want) to become a teacher.
11. She usually (walk) to school.
12. What time Mary usually (get) up every morning?
does - get
13. She (not wash) her clothes every weekend.
14. they (be) teachers?
15. It (not be) often cold in summer.

Ex 4: Dùng từ gợi ý viết lại câu

1. He /not play volleyball / every month.
 He doesn’t play volleyball every month
2. I / go to sleep / 10 p.m / every evening.

3. Stella / go to the movie theater/often.
 Stella often goes to the movie theater
4. You / do homework / every day.

5. They / go swimming / rarely/ summer.
 They rarely go swimming in the summer.
6. She / not / study English / Monday.
7. We / not / cycle to school / every morning.
 We don’t cycle to school every morning.
8. She/be/a good student/always.
 She is always a good student.
9. My father and I/sometimes/climb/mountain/winter.
 My father and I sometimes climb the mountain in the winter.
10. My mom and my sister/cook/breakfast/not often.
 My mom and my sister cook breakfast not so often.
My mom and my sister often cook breakfast.