THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

1. Cách dùng
Cách dùng
Khi hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá
khứ, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho
hành động xảy ra trước và quá khứ đơn cho
hành động xảy ra sau. Khi thì quá khứ hoàn
thành thường được dùng kết hợp với thì quá
khứ đơn, ta thường dùng kèm với các giới từ
và liên từ như: by (có nghĩa như before),
before, after, when, till, untill, as soon as,
no sooner…than
Ví dụ
 I met them after they had divorced each
other. (Tôi gặp họ sau khi họ ly dị nhau.)
 Linda said she had been chosen as the
best staff of the company three years
before. (Linda nói rằng trước đó hai năm
chị ấy từng được chọn làm nhân viên xuất
sắc nhất công ty.
 Yesterday, I went to the park after I had
finished my work. (Hôm qua, tôi ra công
viên chơi khi tôi đã làm xong bài công
việc.)

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động  We had had dinner when Teddy arrived.
đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm (Khi Teddy đến chúng tôi đã ăn tối xong.)
trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động
khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ.
Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên  Jessica had lost five kilos and could join
quyết cho hành động khác the beauty contest.

Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều  If I had known the result, I would have
kiện không có thực worked harder. (Nếu tôi biết trước kết quả
thì tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)

2. Cấu trúc
Thể Công thức Ví dụ
Khẳng định S + had + V3  She had had breakfast
before we came. ( Cô ấy
đã ăn sáng trước khi chúng
tôi tới. )
 The boy had finished his
homework before he went
to bed last night. ( Cậu bé
đã hoàn thành bài về nhà
trước khi đi ngủ đêm
qua. )

Phủ định S + had not + V3  Linda hadn’t washed the

Hadn't = had not dishes when her mother
came home. (Linda vẫn
chưa rửa bát khi mẹ cô ấy
về đến nhà.)
 We hadn’t eaten anything
by the time our father
returned . (Lúc bố chúng
tôi quay lại, chúng tôi vẫn
chưa ăn gì .)
 Nghi vấn Yes/No question:  Had he left when we went
Câu hỏi: Had + S + V3 ? to bed? (Anh ấy đã về lúc
Trả lời: Yes, S + had./ No, chúng ta đi ngủ phải
S + hadn’t. không ?)
- Yes, he had./ No, he
hadn’t.
 Had your
phone disappeared by the
time you woke up? (Tên
trộm đã biến mất trước khi
anh tỉnh dậy phải không?)
- Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t

Wh- question: Wh- + had +  What had you done before

S + V3 ? midnight yesterday? 
 How had he tried before
he achieved his goal?
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- until then (cho tới khi), by the time (bằng với lúc), prior to that time, before (trước),
after (sau), for (được khoảng), as soon as (ngay sau khi), by (bằng khoảng thời gian) …
Ex: By the time Ken met Wendy, she had worked in ELE company for two years. (Lúc mà
Ken gặp Wendy thì cô ấy đã làm việc ở công ty ELE được 2 năm rồi.) 
- before (trước khi), after (sau khi), when (khi), by the time (bằng tới lúc), by the end of
+ time in the past … (bằng khoảng + thời gian nào đó ở quá khứ) 
Ex: When Linda got up this morning, her parents had already left. (Khi mà Linda dậy lúc
sáng nay thì bố mẹ cô ấy đã rời đi rồi.) 
BÀI TẬP
Bài 1. Put the verb in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Perfect:

1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.

2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.

3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.

4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.

5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ………………………………….

6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do)……………………. homework.

7. What (be) …………….. he when he (be) ………………. young?

8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (rest) ……………

9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go) ………………… home.

10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.

11. Our teacher (tell) …………… us yesterday that he (visit) …………… England in 1970.

12. Alan (have)……….hardly (prepare)………..for dinner when her husband (go)

……..home

13. No sooner (have)…………….I (watch)……………. TV than the phone (ring)…………

14. Before I (watch) ……………… TV, I (do) ………………………….. my homework.

15. After I (wash)………………………….my clothes, I (sleep) ……………………………

Bài 2. Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.

1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.

2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.

3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.

4. (Have/you/put) ………………………. off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.

5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) …………………….. for a long time.

6. I thanked her for everything she (do) ………………………………… for me.

7. When I got to the office, I (realize) …………I (forget) …………… to lock the door.

8. Who is that woman? I (never seen) …………………………..…… her before.

9. Tom was not at home when I (arrive)………………He (just go) ………………… out.

10. She said it (be) ……………….. the first time she (meet) ………………….. such a man.

Bài 3. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. David went home before we arrived.

When we ____________________________________________________________________

After _______________________________________________________________________

2. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.

After________________________________________________________________________

3. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.

Before_______________________________________________________________________

4. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.

I’d rather you _________________________________________________________________

5. She doesn’t take that job in the city because her home is very far from there.
If her home___________________________________________________________________

CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

1. Cách dùng

Câu bị động (Passive Voice) là câu mà chủ ngữ là người hay vật chịu tác động của hành động,
được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh đến đối tượng chịu tác động của hành động đó. Thì của câu bị
động phải tuân theo thì của câu chủ động.

2. Công thức chung: S+ be +V3

3. Các bước để chuyển một câu chủ động sang câu bị động

Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo các bước sau:
a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy  O  trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động. Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và
đặt sau By trong câu bị động.
c.  Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành P2 (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
d. Thêm To be vào trước P2 trong câu bị động  (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong
câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động). Câu chủ động ở dạng thì nào, chúng
ta chia  động từ “to be” theo đúng dạng thì đó. Chúng ta vẫn đảm bảo nguyên tắc chủ ngữ số
nhiều, động từ “to be” được chia ở dạng số nhiều, chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ “to be” được
chia ở dạng số ít.
4. Công thức câu bị động

Thì Câu chủ động Câu bị động

S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + P2 + by O
eg: Jane buy oranges in => Oranges are bought in
Hiện tại đơn
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.
Jane mua cam ở siêu thị Cam được mua ở siêu thị bởi Jane

S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + P2 + by O

Hiện tại tiếp
eg: Jane is buying oranges in => Oranges are being bought in
diễn
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + have/has + P2 + O S + have/has + been + P2 + by O

Hiện tại hoàn
eg: Jane has bought oranges in => Oranges have been bought in
thành
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + Ved + O S + was/were + P2 + by O
Quá khứ đơn eg: Jane bought oranges in => Oranges were bought in
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.
 S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + P2 + by O
Quá khứ tiếp
eg: Jane was buying oranges in => Oranges were being bought in
diễn
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2 + by O

Quá khứ hoàn
eg: Jane had bought oranges in => Oranges had been bought in
thành
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + will + V-infi + O S + will + be + P2 + by O

Tương lai đơn eg: Jane will buy oranges in => Oranges will be bought in
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + will + have + P2 + O S + will + have + been + P2 + by O

Tương lai
eg: Jane will have bought => Oranges will have been bought in
hoàn thành
oranges in supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

S + am/is/are going to + V-infi S + am/is/are going to + be + P2+ by

+O O
Tương lai gần
eg: Jane is going to buy oranges => Oranges are going to be bought
in supermarket. in supermarket by Jane.

S + ĐTKT + V-infi + O S + ĐTKT + be + P2 + by O

Động từ
eg: Jane should buy oranges in => Oranges should be bought in
khuyết thiếu
supermarket. supermarket by Jane.

5. Câu bị động sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu

 Riêng với động từ khuyết thiếu, công thức của câu bị động có sự khác biệt một chút:
S + modal verb + be + V3 (+ by O)

Ví dụ:
This must be done before Christmas.
Dạng đặc biệt:
Need + Ving = Need to be + V3
BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.

1. The waiter brings me this dish.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Jim baked this cake yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
___________________________________________________________________________
11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
___________________________________________________________________________
12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________________________
13. They keep this room tidy all the time.
___________________________________________________________________________
14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
___________________________________________________________________________
15. They moved the fridge into the living room.
___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2: Change the following sentences into the passive. (Chuyển các câu sau sang bị
động)

1. People grow rice in many countries in the world.

-> Rice ______________________________________

2. Graham Bell invented the telephone many years ago.

-> The telephone ______________________________

3. They have used this car for many years.

-> This car ___________________________________

4. Lan practices English every day.

-> English ____________________________________

5. They will take the garbage out of the city.

-> The garbage _____________________________

6. Mary sent me this letter two days ago.

-> I _________________________________________

7. People make compost from vegetables.

-> Compost ____________________________________

8. You must finish this work before Sunday.

-> This work _____________________________________

9. She hasn't used this bicycle for a long time.

-> This bicycle __________________________________

10. I saw a strange man in my garden yesterday.

-> A strange man _______________________________

11. They clean the floor every morning.

-> The floor ____________________________________

12. They will solve the problem soon.

-> The problem __________________________________

13. They break the glass into small pieces.

-> The glass ____________________________________

15. They made these cars in the USA.

-> These cars ______________________________________

16. People have used the Internet all over the world.

-> The Internet ___________________________

17. We planted many trees in the school garden.

-> Many trees _________________________________

18. Someone has taken my book away.

-> My book ___________________________________

19. He didn't help me with my homework.

-> I ___________________________________________

20. We have learnt English for three years.

-> English ______________________________________

21. My father often reads books before bedtime .

-> Books ............................................................................

22. Lan bought some comic books for her brother .

-> Some comic books ..........................................................

23. My sister received a letter yesterday .

-> A letter ............................................................................

24. She can solve the problem in just 2 minutes .

-> The problem .....................................................................

25. Nowadays people use electricity for lighting.

-> Electricity ...........................................................................

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer. 

1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………

A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being D. repairs

repaired

2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie

 A. was written B. was written C. was written D. wrote by
by from

3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….

A. have cut my B. have my hair C. cut my hair D. my hair be

hair cut cut

4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday

A. happened B. was C. happens D. is happened

happened

5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan

A. manufacture B. have C. are D. are

manufactured manufactured manufacturing

6. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce

A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found

7. We………………by a loud noise during the night

A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken D. were waking

up up

8. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with

A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be

9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me?

– I don’t enjoy……………………at
 A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being
laughed

10. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization

A. are B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be

preventing prevented

11. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?

A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked

12. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway

A. must not B. must not be C. must not be D. must not

leave leaving left have left

13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend

A. is going to be B. has been C. will be D. will have

performed performed performing perform

14. All bottles………………………………..before transportation

A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze

15. ………………………………………..yet?

A. Have the B. Have been C. Have the D. Had the

letters been the letters letters typed letters typed
typed typed

16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where……………..for administration, broadcasting and education
 A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used

17. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell

A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented

18. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake

A. are B. destroyed C. were D. is destroyed

destroying destroyed

19. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century

A. was B. has been C. was discover D. they discover

discovered discovered

20. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….

A. had been B. have C. had finished- D. have been

finished- finished- were arriving finished-
arrived arrived were arrived