Hướng Dẫn Giải Bộ Dự Đoán Chủ Đề Writing 2022

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MỤC LỤC
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU ......................................................................................................................... 1
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU ................................................................................... 2
A. CÂU HỎI VÀ Ý TƯỞNG VIẾT BÀI ............................................................................... 4
I. BUSINESS .................................................................................................................. 4
II. EDUCATION............................................................................................................ 9
III. ENTERTAINMENT............................................................................................. 14
IV. ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 19
V. HEALTH ................................................................................................................. 24
VI. LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................ 29
VII. SOCIAL ISSUES ................................................................................................. 34
VIII. SPORTS .............................................................................................................. 41
IX. TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................. 47
X. WORK ................................................................................................................... 51
XI. INTERNET ........................................................................................................... 60
XII. CHILDREN AND SCHOOL .............................................................................. 64
B. HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN ..................................................................... 67
HƯỚNG DẪN CÔNG THỨC PEER TỔNG QUÁT ......................................................... 67
I. OPINION .................................................................................................................. 69
II. DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................... 76
III. PROBLEM-SOLUTION ...................................................................................... 80
IV. TWO-PART QUESTION .................................................................................... 94
V. ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES ............................................................ 97
C. KHUNG BÀI VIẾT CHI TIẾT..................................................................................... 107
I. BUSINESS .............................................................................................................. 107
II. EDUCATION........................................................................................................ 108
III. ENTERTAINMENT........................................................................................... 109
IV. ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 110
V. HEALTH ............................................................................................................... 111
VI. LANGUAGE: ...................................................................................................... 112
VII. SOCIAL ISSUES ............................................................................................... 113
VIII. SPORTS ............................................................................................................ 114
IX. TECHNOLOGY.................................................................................................. 115
X. WORK ................................................................................................................... 116
XI. INTERNET .......................................................................................................... 117
XII. CHILDREN AND SCHOOL ............................................................................ 118
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Xin chào các bạn học viên IELTS!
Chắc hẳn những người đã và đang tiếp cận với IELTS như chúng ta đều đã có một sự yêu
thích cùng nền tảng tiếng Anh nhất định rồi phải không? Mình cũng như vậy, mặc dù là một
chàng trai theo chuyên ngành kỹ thuật nhưng mình khá yêu thích ngôn ngữ nói chung cũng
như tiếng Anh nói riêng. Tuy nhiên, cũng như rất nhiều các bạn học sinh, sinh viên khác ở
Việt Nam, hiểu biết về tiếng Anh của mình chủ yếu nằm ở những bài tập ngữ pháp trong sách
giáo khoa, những câu giao tiếp cơ bản ―Hello. How are you?‖ ―I am fine. Thank you. And
you?‖. Chính vì thế, khi lần đầu tiếp xúc với IELTS, mình không khỏi choáng váng với khối
lượng kiến thức khổng lồ mà trước đây mình chưa từng biết tới, sự vận dụng ngôn ngữ sâu
sắc trong cả 4 kỹ năng nghe - nói - đọc - viết mà mình vẫn chưa thể làm tốt. Mình cũng có đi
học một vài lớp học đại trà nhưng không thể bật lên được vì giáo trình, phương pháp dạy
khiến mình rất khó tiếp thu.
May mắn thay, mình đã được động viên, khích lệ bởi một người thầy tâm huyết với nghề.
Thầy đã hướng mình đến một mục tiêu rõ ràng là mình cần IELTS để làm gì, nhìn nhận rõ
ràng về trình độ của bản thân, tự tìm cho mình một cách học hiệu quả nhất. Từ đó, mình mới
biết đến phương pháp học IELTS ―cá nhân hóa‖. Sau khi làm một bài test toàn diện cả 4 kỹ
năng, mình sẽ đánh giá sâu vào từng kỹ năng để xem mình có điểm mạnh, điểm yếu nào, đâu
là phần kiến thức mình cần bổ sung nhiều nhất, đâu là dạng kiến thức mình có thể tiếp thu
nhanh nhất, từ đó lên một lộ trình học riêng biệt dành riêng cho bản thân mình. Mọi thứ thay
đổi nhanh chóng từ sau khi mình áp dụng phương pháp cá nhân hóa này. Chỉ sau hơn một
năm, từ một học sinh mất gốc tiếng Anh, mình thi IELTS được 7.0 và tự tin ―chém gió‖ với
Tây không phải ―xoắn‖ điều gì.
Bây giờ mình đã có IELTS 8.0, TOEIC 975, kinh nghiệm làm việc môi trường quốc tế và
gần 10 năm kinh nghiệm đào tạo chuyên sâu IELTS. Mình nhận ra rằng tiếng Anh đã thực sự
trở thành một phần quan trọng, không thể thiếu tạo nên giá trị của bản thân mình. Mình bắt
đầu học muộn, nhưng may mắn lại đi được nhanh và không vất vả, thậm chí có phần thoải
mái bởi tìm được đúng phương pháp. Đối với kỹ năng Viết trong IELTS, mình chọn cách tư
duy đơn giản, phát triển ý tưởng rõ ràng, mạch lạc để tiếp cận đề bài. Mình nhận thấy bài viết
càng rõ ràng, tư duy càng đơn giản, sắc bén thì điểm bài viết càng cao. Để làm được điều đó
thì mình nên trang bị những cấu trúc câu hiệu quả. Muốn áp dụng chúng trong bài viết tốt,
bạn sẽ cần thời gian để luyện tập, sử dụng thành thạo. Vậy nên nếu bạn chỉ đọc tài liệu này
để biết hay lưu lại cho yên tâm thì đừng nên mất thời gian cho nó. Còn nếu bạn đã sẵn sàng
hành động, hay đang hành động, đang quyết tâm mà chưa có phương pháp thì mình xin trao
tài liệu này cho bạn.
Chúc các bạn thành công!
~ IELTS XUÂN PHI ~
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HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU
NỘI DUNG:
Phần (A): Câu hỏi và ý tưởng viết bài: Trong phần này, các bạn sẽ được cung cấp đề và ý
tưởng cho 68 đề với 12 chủ đề khác nhau.
Phần (B): Hướng dẫn cách viết đoạn văn: Ở phần này, các bạn sẽ được hướng dẫn triển khai
bài viết với từng dạng cụ thể theo công thức PEER
Phần (C): Khung bài viết chi tiết: Tong phần nội dung này, các bạn sẽ được cung cấp 24
khung bài viết do Ex-examiner chấm.
CÁCH HỌC:
Bước 1: Chọn một đề tài trong phần (A) sau đó đọc ý tưởng đã cho sẵn.
Bước 2: Đọc kỹ phần hướng dẫn cách triển khai bài viết cho dạng bài này ở phần (B) Hướng
dẫn cách viết đoạn văn
Sau khi thực hiện các bước này, các bạn đã nắm rõ ý tưởng và cách triển khai bài viết, bạn
hãy bắt tay vào viết bài ngay cho nóng nhé.
Ngoài ra, sau khi viết bài các bạn có thể tham khảo khung bài viết chi tiết để tham khảo lối
hành văn của giám khảo nhé.
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A. CÂU HỎI VÀ Ý TƯỞNG VIẾT BÀI
I. BUSINESS
Practice questions
1. Businesses Social Responsibility

As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational companies.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Climate Change and Business
Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel they
are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result, people
gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasize that their products are new
in some way.
Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
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Main points
1. Businesses Social Responsibility

As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society.
Reasons for greater business Reasons against greater business

responsibility responsibility
 Corporate social responsibility can  Businesses should not be
improve customers' perception of a responsible for social issues that
brand. they are not culpable.
 Being socially responsible can  Many companies have contributed
help business attract more to society by comply with tax and
shareholders. other vital regulations.
 Talents tend to work for a business  Individuals and government
with a high level of should also share the social
obligation.
REFERENCE:
 Why your company should be more socially responsible
 The growing importance of social responsibility in business
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational companies.
Advantages of market predominant by Disadvantages of market predominant

large businesses by large businesses
 The loss in small businesses may  At the state level, a host country
create a disturbance to a large might be the beneficiary of
company’s supply chain. modern technology transfer from
 The disappearance of small international companies.
companies can lead to  These firms, in addition, aid in the
unemployment rate crisis. improvement of the local public
 This trend may cause a loss in infrastructure.
national revenues.  Consumers can enjoy a diverse
range of products and services at
comparative prices.
REFERENCE:
 Small businesses are quietly dying by the thousands during the coronavirus
pandemic
 American small business disappearing
 19 advantages and disadvantages of multinational corporations
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3. Climate Change and Business
Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel they
are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
Climate change reforms affects Climate change reforms as an

businesses opportunity for businesses
 Businesses may see a surge in  Eco-friendly companies can
their operational or investment benefit from their investment in
costs to comply with new green technologies.
regulations.  This is an opportunity for carbon-
 Laws to accelerate the transition intensive companies to reshape
towards a low-carbon economy their business models.
can cause a ripple effects on the  The low-carbon transition is
economy (i.e.: high bank debts) creating demand for new
 Such policies will result in further sustainable goods and services
critical social and political issues. worth trillions of dollars across all
sectors.
REFERENCE:
 Climate business | business climate
 Climate change, new risks and opportunities for businesses
 Climate change is an opportunity for business to thrive
 Companies are under pressure on climate change and need to do more
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result, people
gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

 Product marketing may entice  Government can subsidize small-
consumers to buy unnecessary medium-enterprises through fair
items. trade reforms.
 Marketing can be expensive and  Awareness campaign can be
drain profits, especially for smaller introduced to the population so
businesses. that they understand the
 Many promoting campaigns are importance of supporting local
not effective because of a lack of vendors.
further outcome research.
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This practice might lead to a  The ban on targeted advertising
hypercompetitive market, leading can be applied.
to the loss of many small local
brands.
REFERENCE:
 Top advertising problems today
 Advertising makes us unhappy
 EU parliament backs tighter rules on behavioral ads
 The disadvantages of target marketing
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are new
in some way.
Why is this? What are the problems?
Problems with claiming products are

Reasons for claiming products are new
new
 Businesses can incentivise  Companies often disseminate
increased consumer demand. misleading information to
 It is a method of customer customers.
education.  Their employees may be exposed
 This practice can draw customers’ to public criticism from customers
interest in products. if the products unable to match the
unrealistic expectation.
 Businesses’ brand image may be
detrimentally affected with
deceptive acts.
REFERENCE:
 Tesla's success proves that what America needs is business, business, and
more business
 Negative effects of false advertising
 Price misleading advertising: effects on trustworthiness toward the source of
information and willingness to buy
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II. EDUCATION
Practice questions
1. Free access to university

Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and
that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be helping the individual to become
useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve their
ambitions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
5. Food science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
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Main point
1. Free access to university
Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and
that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
Problems with an exemption of tuition

An exemption of tuition fees
fees
 An exemption to tuition fees  This practice may create a hyper-
means that people from lower competitive labour market.
socioeconomic backgrounds can  Students study college for free
have a chance to pursue higher may put a strain on the state
education. treasury.
 At the state level, society will  Students may not pay attention to
benefit from a high level of academic results and study
civilised citizens. because it will cost them nothing
 Crime rate can reduce significantly to re-take a subject.
as people can distinguish between
right and wrong.
REFERENCE:
 Free college education today, innovation tomorrow
 31 important pros & cons of free college education
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.
Reasons for compulsory full-time Reasons against compulsory full-time

education education
 It is impossible in remote areas,  It will form a foundation for
particularly in developing nations. children’s future orientation.
 In many third-world countries, the  Education can reduce the rate of
subsidization for education is low. juvenile delinquency.
 Many parents prefer home-  Education can bring significant
schooling because they believe economic returns for a country and
that their children can benefit from helps societies to achieve lasting
one-on-one attention. peace and sustainable
development.
REFERENCE:
 Why parents choose home schooling
 Rural and remote education
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 Right to education
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Advantages of horticulture and animal Disadvantages of horticulture and

domestication animal domestication
 Cultivation and animal husbandry  Children might be susceptible to
may develop greater children’s certain potentially infectious
social awareness which will be diseases.
crucial for them later in life.  Schoolchildren might injure
 These activities play an important themselves with farming tools.
role in encouraging students to  Many inner-city schools do not
participate in physical exercises. have easy access to farms.
 This practice can equip minors
with a foundation of agricultural
knowledge.
REFERENCE:
 Ask a farmer: why is it important to introduce children to agriculture?
 Child safety on farms
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be helping the individual to become
useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve their
ambitions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
Becoming useful for society Achieve personal goals

 Students will someday be a part of  Equipping young people with the
a community and need the skills to knowledge and skills they need to
exist within that society as secure a place at a good university.
thoughtful citizens.  An education can open pathways
 Education can give people to new opportunities, both
opportunities to transfer their occupational and social.
knowledge to others.  Different people will have
 Without education, a society different targets in their life.
would dissolve, no matter the
quality of its constituents.
REFERENCE:
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 An introduction to equality of opportunity
 The purpose of education
5. Food Science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Study of food science and preparation Other important subjects

 Insightful knowledge into food  The core disciplines standard at
making can exert many benefits in most schools are imperative for
terms of improved well-being. one’s future career.
 Possessing a solid understanding  School curricula are already
of food and cooking can ensure notoriously hectic.
not only general well-being but  Students can study food
also serve as a basic survival skill. preparation in their own time.
 It is a prerequisite for students to
prepare for their adulthood so that
they can live independently.
REFERENCE:
 Five reasons to study food science
 Why you should study food science and nutrition
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III. ENTERTAINMENT
Practice questions:
1. Watching Live Events

Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more enjoyable
than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programmes alone rather than with other
people.
Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4. Impacts of Video Games

Today many children spend a lot of time playing video games and little time on sports.
What are negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize
the bad effects?
5. Independent Filmmakers
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a
film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
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Main points
1. Watching live events
than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Reasons to support live events Reasons against live events

 Watching a live performance in  Watching a live show in person
person provides a more engaging can be exorbitantly expensive.
atmosphere for audiences.  Sometimes live events can be the
 People can enjoy promotion and insecure due to criminal attacks or
giveaways as a side benefits. extreme fans.
 Socialization and networking can  Audiences may be exposed to
be improved. extreme weather conditions.
REFERENCE:
 5 reasons people go to live sporting events
 20 reasons why actually going to a sporting event sucks
 The sports riot: first we lose (or win), then we set this sucker on fire
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programmes alone rather than with other
people.
Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of watching programs Disadvantages of watching programs

alone alone
 People can enjoy greater flexibility  Watching programs alone can
as they can watch programs of loosen social bonds between
their preference without having to family members.
consult with anyone.  Excessive time watching television
 People can enjoy a quite can be habit-forming.
atmosphere.
REFERENCE:
 TV viewers prefer to watch alone
 Pros and cons of watching TV alone
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3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
A ban on extreme sports Freedom to play any sports

 Players are exposed to extreme  Every sport carries a degree
weather conditions. amount of risk.
 Players are vulnerable to serious  These events can produce many
or even fatal injuries. business opportunities.
 They are expensive in terms of  A regulation to ban extreme sports
organization and sports gears. can lead to much controversy in
public in terms of human rights
REFERENCE:
 6 popular extreme sports and common injuries
 Injuries in extreme sports
 Benefits of doing extreme sports
 The thrill factor: the big business behind extreme sports
4. Impacts Of Video Games

What are negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize
the bad effects?
Problems of over-play computer games Solutions for over-play computer games

 Thoughtlessly playing video  Strengthen existing laws on age-
games can lead to many physical category.
and mental health issues.  Closer parental supervision.
 Minors can be susceptible to the  The government can ban the
violent contents in these games. advertisements of videos games on
 Children may loosen their friends’ media platforms.
network.
REFERENCE:
 The health effects of too much gaming
 How to protect kids from violent video games
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5. Independent Filmmakers
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a
film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
Advantages of independent movies Disadvantages of independent movies

 This trend can help explore hidden  This may raise many copyright
talents in film industry. infringement issues.
 It can create a competitive market  These movies can be at low-
so that major producers have to quality.
work hard to produce high-quality  They may not be subjected to
movies. censorship regulation which
 Producers of independent films are contain unsuitable contents for
able to express themselves freely young audiences.
and do not have to follow the same
demands that big box office films
have to.
REFERENCE:
 Pros and cons of making a low budget film
 Why you should support independent film
 Why indie filmmakers may have an advantage over major studios during covid-
19
 7 challenges facing independent filmmakers
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IV. ENVIRONMENT
Practice questions:
1. Plastic Bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Some
people say they should be banned.
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce the air
pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more effective
Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger.
What is your opinion?
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Main points
1. Plastic bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Some
people say they should be banned.
Reasons for a ban on plastic bags Reasons against a ban on plastic bags
 Plastics bags pollute both land and  It is hard to find other alternatives
water. to plastic packaging.
 They can be dangerous for  Potentially lead to negative job
wildlife. impacts.
 The cost accumulation of using  The production of alternative
plastics bags may be expensive. might cause more harm to the
 A ban on plastic bags opens more green land.
opportunities for new market.
REFERENCE:
 The hidden economic benefits of banning plastic bags
 The negative environmental effects of plastic shopping bags
 The economic effect of plastic bag bans
 Is your reusable tote worse for the environment than a plastic bag?
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of marine habitats Disadvantages of marine habitats

relocation relocation
 These animals can serve as  This trend may result in animals’
ambassadors to their species and exploitation by means of
be used to teach visitors about performance.
their biology, natural history, or  This can affect the lifespan of
dangers they face. certain creatures since they are
 Marine zoological parks can be subjected to trauma and being
agents of change and examples of confined in a small living area.
how to treat animals responsibly.  Animals are subjected to captive
 They give them proper nutrition breeding which result in genetic
and aid them to combat certain degeneration.
diseases that affect their kind, in
order to ensure species survival.
REFERENCE:
 Hereditary defects and conservation genetic management of captive populations
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 Pros and cons of marine zoological parks according to marine conservationists
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce air
pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more effective.
Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
A car-free day Other effective methods

 These days can reduce the level of  Governments should encourage
exhaust fumes from vehicles. the use of public transport.
 It can raise the awareness of  Government should enforce a state
drivers. regulation to set the limit on
 It can encourage physical certain air pollutants from the
activities. businesses’ operational process.
 It can decrease the rate of noise  Government can integrate the
pollution. teaching of environmental
protection in schools’ curriculum.
REFERENCE:
 5 reasons your city should go car-free
 Pollution watch: how does world car-free day affect emissions?
 Why environmental education is important
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
Problems of overpopulation in cities Solutions for overpopulation in cities

 Damage to the environment will  Governments can invest in rural
be exacerbated as there are more areas by provide more basic
people consuming fuels. necessities such as healthcare or
 Overpopulation inflates to living education.
expenses in urban areas.  Another solution would also be for
 Overcrowding can raise the crime the government to introduce tax
rate as poor living conditions may exemptions to couples who have
lead people to desperate measures. one child.
 Lawmakers can implement a one
child policy.
21
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger.
What is your opinion?
REFERENCE:
 Global trends in city population growth
 Urban threats
Reasons to support nuclear energy Reasons against nuclear energy

 Nuclear is a zero-emission clean  There is a possibility that nuclear
energy source. reactor can melt down which cause
 Nuclear energy produces more devasting environmental and life
electricity on less land than any issues.
other clean-air source.  The initial costs for building a
 Nuclear is not intermittent, as nuclear power plant are relatively
nuclear power plants can run high.
without any interruptions for a  Nuclear waste can cause further
year. problems if not appropriately
treated.
REFERENCE:
 The pros & cons of nuclear energy: is it safe?
 Nuclear power: the pros and cons of the energy source
 3 reasons why nuclear is clean and sustainable
22
23
V. HEALTH
Practice questions:
1. Public Health Promotion

It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service should
not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
5. Physical Activities in School

The amount of time spend on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in order
tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can you
suggest?
24
Main points
1. Public Health
It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
Public health promotion Treatment

 The promotion of good health is  Governmental support is critical to
relatively cheaper than treating or the recovery of patients whose
curing a disease. treatment costs exceed their
 Many medical conditions are the financial capacity.
direct result of unhealthy habits.  Some diseases cannot be
 Health promotion and disease prevented.
prevention initiatives can produce  People might be born with certain
greater long-term social impacts. hereditary diseases.
REFERENCE:
 Importance of health prevention and promotion
 Health promotion
 The impact of chronic underfunding on America’s public health system:
trends, risks, and recommendations, 2020
 Hereditary diseases, learn about a few examples
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service should
not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
Advantages of medical care provided Disadvantages of medical care provided

by private sectors by private sectors
 Private hospitals and clinics can  Private healthcare may be costly.
reduce the workload of public  Doctors are happy to prescribe
medical centres. expensive treatments, which may
 Patients can benefit from short do little to help because the bill is
waiting times or modern paid for by insurance companies.
equipment.
 Private healthcare institutions can
create a competitive environment
so that the public ones can
improve their services.
REFERENCE:
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of private healthcare in the UK?
 Private sector versus Medicare? It's basically the same thing
25
 Healthcare – Private vs public sector
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
Government ensure that their citizens

Freedom to follow any diets
are healthy
 Different people have different  This practice can help eliminate
tastes. malnutrition, particularly in
 Some people were born with children.
genetic disorders which cannot eat  It can prevent the tragic deaths
certain foods and it is impossible caused by unhealthy diets.
for the government to know.  The consumption of healthier diets
 It is a right for human being to can reduce the risk of chronic
access their physical and mental diseases, such as diabetes and
demands. heart disease.
REFERENCE:
 The right to food: a government responsibility
 WHO urges governments to promote healthy food in public facilities
 Role of government policy in nutrition—barriers to and opportunities for
healthier eating
4. Overconsumption of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
Reasons for an increase in soft-drink Solutions for an increase in soft-drink

consumption consumption
 Soda addiction is the main cause  Government can introduce special
of the rise in the unprecedented taxes on soda pop.
rate of purchases of soft drinks.  People should join therapy
 It is a temporary boost for energy. sessions to overcome the
 Brands use celebrity endorsement symptoms of addition.
strategy to attract consumers.  Governments can limit the amount
of sugary products advertising on
media.
26
REFERENCE:
 Why soda is so addictive -- and some good alternative beverages
 What is soda addiction? All you need to know
5. Physical Activities in School

The amount of time spend on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in order
tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can you
suggest?
The advantages of physical exercises to Other alternatives to physical exercises.

children
 Regular physical activity can help  Governments can control the diets
children and adolescents improve of children during school meals.
cardiorespiratory fitness, build  Personal healthcare should be
strong bones and muscles and integrated as a core subject in
control weight. schools.
 This trend might give teenagers  Parents can set as role models for
opportunities to be more their offspring.
physically active and reduce the
risk of developing many chronic
conditions.
 Team work exercises can motivate
students to be more active as they
are likely to follow their friends.
REFERENCE:
 Physical activity facts
 Importance of physical activity for children
 Parents making youth sports a positive experience: role models
 School meals
27
28
VI. LANGUAGE
Practice questions
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste of
time. To what extent do you agree?
2. Learning Languages and Customs

Some think that students must travel to another country in order to learn its language and
customs.
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
5. The Prevalence of English

The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
29
Main points
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste of
time. To what extent do you agree?
Why computer is good for language The irreplaceable role of language

learners learning
 The artificial intelligence has  Learning a foreign language can
been advancing rapidly, becoming help people deepen a culture’s
more accurate in translation. understanding.
 The advent of speech and image  There are many implying
recognition can overcome the meanings of a sentence.
problems of text-to-text  Language learning can improve
translation. academic achievement.
 AI translators can also make  Language has a wide range of
travelling a whole lot easier. professional prospects.
REFERENCE:
 Will technology replace language learning?
 Translation technology is useful, but should not replace learning languages
 Will technology replace language learning?
 Ai translators: the future of language learning?
2. Learning Languages and Customs

customs.
Benefits of learning language and Obstacle of overseas travel in learning

customs from overseas travel language and customs
 Students can be totally immersed  Overseas travel can be expensive.
in the language.  Tourists may be exposed to culture
 They can encounter people from shock.
different cultural background,  Many external threats such as
thus, widen their perspective on fraud or abduction occurring to
different cultures and traditions. tourists around the world.
 They can partake in traditional
festival or enjoy local delicacies.
REFERENCE:
 5 reasons why exploring new cultures is the best part of travelling
30
 10 reasons why studying a language abroad is better than at home
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
Advantages of a global language Disadvantages of a global language

 An international language is an  An invention of an international
efficient tool for people to respond language can be time-consuming
to globalisation. and cost inefficient.
 It can increase employability of  This can present challenges for
many people. non-native speakers regarding
 It can facilitate international trade. science communication.
 This poses a great threat to minor
languages.
REFERENCE:
 English as an international language: Challenges and possibilities
 The advantages and disadvantages of a global language
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Advantages of learning a foreign Disadvantages of learning a foreign

language at primary school language at primary school
 At the age of 6 to 10, children’  This can lead to potential
brain is hardwired for learning interference with the mother
new languages. tongue.
 The pronunciation of a new  This can cost a high amount of
language is easier at this age. money from teacher training to
 The cognitive benefits of learning setting up equipment.
a language have a direct impact on  Children may have their full
a child’s academic achievement autonomy in learning what they
want.
REFERENCE:
 Early childhood & elementary
 Benefits of learning a second language as a child
 Bilingualism and speech & language disorders
31
5. The Prevalence of English
The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
Advantages of English language Disadvantages of English language

predominance predominance
 It can career prospects and  This will lead to the disappearance
employment opportunities can of many minor languages.
vastly increase.  It can pose a threat on cultural
 It may bring more business preservation.
opportunities.  Innovation and growth of language
 It can allow communication would cease to evolve.
between cultures.
REFERENCE:
 Advantages and disadvantages of English being a global language
 Hundreds of our languages are teetering on the brink of extinction
 Pros and cons of letting English be the global language
32
33
VII. SOCIAL ISSUES
Practice questions:
1. The Meaning behind Traditions

Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals; during
festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
2. Fulltime working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of household
chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but some
important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important, but
others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a ―throwaway society‖ where things are used for a
short time and thrown away.
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
6. Relocation To the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving only
old people in countryside.
What problems does this cause? What can be done to solve this problem?
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
34
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history important
to society?
9. The demolition of old buildings

In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to modernize,
old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
What are the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
35
Main points
1. The Meaning behind Traditions
Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals; during
festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Meanings of festival have never been

People forget the meanings of festivals
forgotten
Most festivals are often associated  There is a rise of traditional
with a holiday period, so that awareness around the world as
workers might regard these government include the teaching of
occasions as a time for travelling cultural preservation in school
or relaxation, rather than programs.
practicing traditional rituals  Families also play a role in passing
 People might concentrate more on knowledge of religious festivals’
social media platforms, thus, deeper significance on to the next
neglect the importance of cultures generation.
and traditions.  The meanings of festivals are
 The rise of technology has made taught in schools so that the next
traditions and festival less generations can understand them
important because people might deeply.
have more interesting means of
entertainment.
REFERENCE:
 Preserving culture and tradition in the modern world
 Learn 10 things why it is important to preserve culture
2. Fulltime working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of household
chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Equal division of house chores Reasons against an equal division of

house chores
 Equal division of household  In countries where Confucianism
obligation reduce domestic is still prevalent, women are still
conflict and household task considered more important in
burden. dealing with family tasks.
 This practice can be an important  Women tend to have higher
lesson for children. standards of cleanliness than men,
 Sharing the household and they should be more
responsibilities between couples responsible for it.
will help to reduce gender
inequality.
36
REFERENCE:
 What are some benefits of sharing household chores in the family?
 The secret to… sharing household chores fairly with your partner
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but some
important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of economic growth Disadvantages of economic growth

 There is a positive relationship  There are newer health challenges
between economic growth and the arising with increases in economic
rate of poverty reduction. growth.
 Economic growth has a positive  An increase in income inequality is
impact on literacy rate of children, another possible effect of
and vice versa. economic growth.
 As economies continue to  Increased crime rate is often
experience growth, the amount associated with the expansion of
that is spent on infrastructure such the economy.
as transportation networks,
communication, electricity, gas,
water supply as well as various
technologies has also increased.
REFERENCE:
 The effects of economic development and built environment on diabetes in
China
 Causes and consequences of economic development
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important, but
others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
Financial aids Practical aids

 The money flow from  Many prolonged issues cannot sole
international aids may help be solved by financial aids.
developing nations to accomplish  Practical aids can help less
their development goals. developed countries be more self-
 It can foster the elimination of independent.
illiteracy and poverty.
37
Financial aid can directly help  While financial aids may be taken
emerging nations to relieve the advantages by corrupted
distress caused by man-made or governments, practical aids can
natural disasters like drought, benefit directly to the citizens.
illness, and conflict.
REFERENCE:
 Why foreign aid is harmful
 What is foreign aid?
 Does financial aid help or harm developing countries: Case of Albania
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a ―throwaway society‖ where things are used for a
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
Reasons for consumerism in society Problems for consumerism in society

 Overexposure advertisements on  Thoughtless consumption of short-
various media platforms, use and disposable items can lead
encourages purchasing pressure, to a high level of waste disposal.
often resulting in compulsive and  This trend can also lead to the
impulsive shopping. over-exploitation of natural
 The result of advances in resources.
science and technology is  One other major problem that
causing new products to be stems from this wasteful lifestyle
increasingly cheaper. is increasing personal debt.
 Many companies adopt a business
strategy of planned obsolescence
in which manufacturers
deliberately reduce the lifespan of
a product.
REFERENCE:
 The disposable society: an expensive place to live
 What you need to know about consumerism
 Trashing a throw-away society
6. Relocation to the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving only
old people in countryside.
38
Problems for an increase in urban Solutions for increase in urban
immigration immigration
 Urban population might put a lot  Governments can grant incentives
of burden on the city’s to big companies if they establish
infrastructure. an operation in the rural regions.
 The young countrymen abandon  The authorities should construct
their hometowns will create a more public infrastructure in rural
scarcity of human resources for areas such as schools or hospitals.
the local industry.  Lawmakers can waive or grant a
 This can create a competitive job deduction in personal income tax
market in the urban areas. for people living in the villages.
REFERENCE:
 Migration from rural areas to cities: challenges and opportunities
 Urbanization and the mass movement of people to cities
 People fleeing big cities may spur economic growth in smaller metros
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
Conditions of a perfect society How to create a perfect society

 Creating a peaceful environment  An education of altruism is
is amongst the key features of a important.
model society.  International cooperation between
 Every member of society should governments can help reduce
have equal opportunity to inequality and discrimination.
education, work, and well-
being.
REFERENCE:
 Envisioning an ideal society — and how to get there
 Experiments in living: how to build a perfect society
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history important
to society?
How to preserve history The importance of history

 History can be preserved thanks to  At the most basic level, it serves to
the advent of modern technology. maintain and celebrate civic beauty
 A promotion of history teaching in and pride and foster an
schools is important. appreciation of local and national
history and heritage.
39
 History contests can be held to  Historic preservation can be a
attract people into researching powerful tool used to strengthen
about their national history. local economies and stabilize
property values. For example,
many tourist destinations are
historical sites.
 History helps a nation to identify
its traditions and cultures.
REFERENCE:
 National heritage areas preserve America’s landscapes and history
 How to preserve your own history
 Why preserve history?
9. The demolition of old buildings

In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to modernize,
old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
Advantages of historic buildings Disadvantages of historic buildings

demotion demotion
 Many buildings do not meet the  Historic buildings can serve as
standard of safety so the tourist destinations.
demolition of these buildings will  It can be a form of historic
mean better infrastructures as they preservation.
are replaced.  A high level of carbon is emitted
 When the land could be used by creating the steel, cement and
beneficially, removing the bricks for new buildings.
building would make way for
more economical purposes.
 Many old buildings lack
supporting infrastructure. For
example, they do not have
adequate power and water supply
systems.
REFERENCE:
 Demolishing historical buildings
 Don't demolish old buildings, urge architects
 Advantages and disadvantages of demolishing old buildings
40
VIII. SPORTS
Practice questions:
1. Sports and Marketing

Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a
negative impact on sports.
2. Sportspeople as Role Models

Professional sports people are often idolized by young children. Some people think that
they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for children.
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Obesity in Population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport a
compulsory module on all degree courses.
4. Banning of Violent Sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should
be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
To what extent do you agree?
5. The Role of Sports in Society

Some people think that sports play an important role in society. Others think they are
nothing more than a leisure activity.
6. Cities and Exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes of this?
What are some possible solutions?
7. Sports Facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
41
Main points
1. Sports and Marketing
Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a
Reasons support corporate sponsorship Reasons against corporate sponsorship

 Funds accumulated from such  The focus of players will divert
sponsorship not only allows from dedicated playing towards
people to watch games for free but financial gains which disturbs the
also use for the development of purity of participating in sports.
teams’ facilities and cover  Commodification also entails a
players’ salaries. reduction in focus on the actual
 Corporations can use these events sport.
to promote products that will  Performers, teams, and events can
encourage active lifestyles. be manipulated or exploited to suit
 In terms of branding, the sponsor.
multinationals sponsor sports will
help them promote their company
labels to the public, leading to an
increase in sales and profits.
REFERENCE:
 The pros & cons of sports sponsorships
 Commercialisation in sport
2. Sportspeople as Role Models

Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think that
they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for children.
Do you agree or disagree?
Athletes as role models Athletes cannot be role models

 These professionals’ success may  Many sports stars lack discipline
attract a high level of followers and create negative precedents for
which are highly influential to the minors.
general public, especially children.  Sportspeople’ personal lives may
 Professional athletes are one of the be complicated.
highest paying jobs and most  Sportsmen and women involved in
money are contributed by fans in scandals may exert adverse effects
the ways of buying tickets and on their followers.
jerseys. Thus, they need to live up
to the expectation of their
followers.
42
Sportspeople can be good
examples of how to overcome life
difficulties in order to be
successful.
REFERENCE:
 Are athletes good role models?
 Opinion: athletes should be positive role models
3. Obesity in Population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport a
compulsory module on all degree courses.
PE as a core subject PE as an optional subject

 Sports have been proved to have  Most universities already have
many benefits on students’ well- sports facilities available for those
beings. who are interested.
 PE might be an easier subjects  The academic demands of certain
than science ones. majors are already high.
 Sports can improve certain social  Many students have busy
skills such as communication or timetables such as a part-time job.
teamwork amongst young people.
REFERENCE:
 The case for physical education becoming a core subject in the national
curriculum
 Face off: should be compulsory for university students?
4. Banning of Violent Sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should
be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
A ban on violent sports Freedom to practice any sports

 They encourage aggressive  Boxing and all other modern sports
thoughts and behaviours of take place under a well-controlled
viewers, especially young environment where there are rules
children. to be followed.
 Broadcast violent sports may  Every sport contain risks.
deliver distorted images to  Sports are entirely for the purpose
viewers. of entertainment
REFERENCE:
 Should violent sports like wrestling be banned?
43
 Arguments for and against banning boxing
5. The Role of Sports in Society

Essential role of sports Sports is just for entertainment

 Sport is a powerful tool to  People play sports as a leisure
promote peace, tolerance and pastime.
understanding, bringing people  People tend to focus on other
together across boundaries, important aspects of life.
cultures, and religions.  Sports can satisfy number of deep
 Sports play an important role in psychological needs.
economic development of a
country.
 Sport is a unique and powerful
tool for promoting dignity and the
equal and inalienable rights of
every member of the human
being.
REFERENCE:
 What are the role of sports in peace building?
 Secretary-general's message on the international day of sport for development
and peace
6. Cities and Exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes of this?
What are some possible solutions?
Reason for a lack of exercise Solution for lacking exercise

 People tend to spend more time in  The government should provide
the virtual reality instead of free facilities where people can
practicing physical exercises. exercise.
 There is a lack of designated areas  They can give more monetary
for exercises in the urban centres. incentive for employees who travel
 People are likely to be to work by bike or on foot.
overwhelmed with busy working  They can build onsite gyms, adopt
agenda. policies that encourage exercise
breaks during the workday,
compensate employees for joining
44
gyms, or offer health insurance
incentives for physical activity.
REFERENCE:
 Obesity prevention source
 Designing cities for health: how to change urban environments for the better?
7. Sports Facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
Reasons for building top-class facilities Reasons against building top-class

for athletes only facilities for athletes only
 This practice can help increase  A country might have more
sportspeople’ performance in important sectors to allocate the
international sports events. money on.
 Building specialised facilities for  This practice can only serve a
athletes can have certain economic small segment of people.
benefits such as selling tickets for  If opened for the general public,
public. hidden talents can be spotted.
 This practice can also engender
national unity and are an
important mechanism of foreign
policy.
REFERENCE:
 Designing a sports performance facility
45
46
IX. TECHNOLOGY
Practice questions:
1. The Internet and School

Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so
much from the internet and be educated at home.
2. Self-Driving Cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Artificial Intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human
beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative
consequences.
4. Modern Electronics
Some old people today struggle with the use of modern technologies such as smartphones
and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
5. Technology and Communication

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has
this been a positive or negative development?
47
Main points
1. The Internet and School
Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so
much from the internet and be educated at home.
Reasons to support online learning Reasons against online learning

 Many online courses are free and  Looking at the screen for long
affordable for the general public. periods of time can be harmful.
 This trend can facility self-study  Online learning from home can
skills. also be very isolating and lonely.
 Learning from online platforms  Learners can be disoriented from
can exert greater flexibility. the huge amount of information on
the internet.
REFERENCE:
 Will the internet replace traditional education?
 Face off: will online learning replace traditional schooling?
2. Self-Driving Cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of auto-drive cars Disadvantages of auto-drive cars

 Self-driving cars make driving  One downside of self-driving cars
more convenient and accessible. is that they would lead to large
 Driverless cars can cause far fewer employment losses.
accidents than humans.  One of the potential cons about
 They can prevent the physical self-driving cars is the possibility
symptoms of drivers such as of hacking.
fatigue or sleepiness.  The initial cost of automated
vehicles may be astronomically
expensive.
REFERENCE:
 Self-driving cars: pros and cons
3. Artificial Intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human
beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative
consequences.
48
Positive side of computers Negative side of computers
 Errors are reduced and the chance  Many employees may lose their
of reaching accuracy with a job due to automatic machines.
greater degree of precision is a  If may encounter a situation that is
possibility. unfamiliar to them then they
 People can overcome many risky perform incorrectly or else break
limitations of humans by down in such situations.
developing an AI Robot  Machines can hinder creativity
 Some of the highly advanced because humans may become
organizations use digital assistants overdependent in machines.
to interact with users which saves
the need for human resources.
REFERENCE:
 Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence
 Pros and cons of artificial intelligence – a threat or a blessing?
4. Modern Electronics
and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
Causes of seniors struggling with new Solutions seniors struggling with new
technologies technologies
 Old people might not see the  Through simple instructions from
benefits they acquire from family members, it is possible that
computers thus leads to their old people can use certain
reluctance to learn. machines.
 Seniors generally have a lesser  Workshops should be set up in
frame of reference to enable them offices which impart training of
to absorb new knowledge. these gadgets to older people who
 The elderly may not want to exit are still working.
their ―comfort zones‖.
REFERENCE:
 16 reasons why the elderly struggle with technology
49
50
X. WORK
Practice questions:
1. Changing Jobs
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is the
key to securing a good job.
3. Societal Contribution
Doctor, nurse, and teachers make a great contribution to the society and should be paid
more than entertainment and sports celebrities.
4. Part-Time Jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free time.
5. Job Mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their workplace.
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
6. Robots and Jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans.
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want.
8. Job Satisfaction/Security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others
believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is more
important.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
51
9. Human Capital Flight
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their
own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems do this cause? What are the solutions?
10. Working overtime

Many people are working longer hours.
Why is this happening? What problems can this cause to people?
11. Women and men: sharing household tasks

Nowadays, women as well as men work full time. Therefore, women and men should share household
tasks equally, e.g. cleaning and looking after children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
52
Main points
1. Career choosing
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
Reasons to choose a career early Reasons against choosing a career early

 It can lay a foundation for tertiary  Many factors including family,
study. compensation or social
 They can be well-prepared with responsibility can affect
subtle knowledge and experience individuals’ career later in life.
for their future professional life.  Many people par excellence
 It can give young people a sense experimented with a large number
of security. of subject areas and professions
before settling on one.
 Most teenagers are not mature
enough to recognize what they
want to do in the future.
REFERENCE:
 Make up your mind: does choosing a career early help, or hinder?
 Why is career planning important at an early stage?
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is the
key to securing a good job.
Other factors contribute to

The importance of interview
occupational decisions

Job interviews provide an  Salaries and other benefits that the
opportunity for candidates and company offer might not meet the
their potential employer to decide expectation of a potential
if their skills and attitudes align candidate.
with the company's needs.  The relationship with colleagues
 It is a chance for applicants to ask plays an important role.
questions to understand the  Job market is competitive and
workplace culture. there might be more potential
 Candidates can display their candidates.
professionalism to interviewers.
REFERENCE:
 10 reasons candidates drop out of your hiring process — and what you can do
 Explanation about the importance of job interviews
53
3. Societal Contribution
Doctors or nurses make a great contribution to the society and should be paid more than
entertainment and sports celebrities.
Reasons to support higher paid for Reasons why public figures should be
social workers paid the same
 Health professionals are  Artists help people from
vulnerable to many diseases in the tediousness and monotony.
course of providing care to their  Sportspeople and artists contribute
patients. to many aspects of society.
 They often have to work nightshift  Celebrities tend to have short
with heavy workload. career than general practitioners.
 These jobs are often associated
with intense training and job
placement during and post
college.
REFERENCE:
 Health workers deserve higher pay. The economics are grim.
 Essential but undervalued: millions of health care workers aren’t getting the
pay or respect they deserve in the covid-19 pandemic
 Why pay artists? Hey, would you do your job for free?
4. Part-Time Jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free time.
Advantages of working parttime jobs Disadvantages of working parttime jobs

 Minors can learn how to manage  Many part time jobs are not related
their finance. to their future career.
 They can learn time management  There is a possibility of higher
skills. rates of absenteeism and less
 They can gain useful, marketable school involvement.
skills such as improving their  This may result in study
communication, learning how to distraction.
handle people, developing
interview skills and filling out job
applications.
REFERENCE:
 Teenagers and part-time jobs: benefits, drawbacks and tips
5. Job Mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their workplace.
54
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of working part-time jobs Disadvantages of working part-time jobs

 HR professionals can network  An upsurge in the use of
with peers, keep pace with communication applications might
competitors, and help attract make enterprises vulnerable to
clients whose values align with the cyber-criminals.
employer brand.  Postings from former or current
 Providing employees with a way employees, or even clients casting
to connect with co-workers to the employer in a negative light,
solve or report problems. may damage the employer's
 This trend can reduce overhead reputation.
costs significantly.  Some employees may spend an
inordinate amount of time on
social media for personal reasons
while at work.
REFERENCE:
 What are the pros and cons of using social media in the workplace? What
should we include in a policy?
6. Robots and Jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans.
Advantages of machinery Disadvantages of machinery

 Machines generate more  The pollution caused by machine
production with minor energy and increases, generating waste,
within a limited time. augmenting power or oil use.
 Improvement in the quality and  The craftsman with the superior
quantity of products, as a machine, skill may likely disappear.
ensure high and large production  It is said that machinery creates
rate. unemployment simply because one
 Machines can ensure employees’ machine can take the place of
safety in many cases. several men.
REFERENCE:
 Advantages and disadvantages of the use of machinery
 Millions of Americans have lost jobs in the pandemic—and robots and ai are
replacing them faster than ever
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want.
55
Advantages of no retirement age Disadvantages of no retirement age
threshold threshold
 This trend may provide the senior  Senior workers may be
with extra income to cover their predisposed to certain health issues
living expenses. which may adversely affect their
 The senior can combat boredom. productivity.
 Many elder employees are  Labour market is already
expertise in their fields in which competitive, thus, working without
they can deliver experienced a retirement age may deprive the
lessons to junior workers. job opportunities of young people.
 For workers who are either not
passionate about their work, or
who are working in a job that is
physically demanding or extremely
stressful, the idea of keeping that
job for longer is not a pleasant one.
REFERENCE:
 The pros and cons of working past 65
8. Job Satisfaction/Security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others
believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is more
important.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Jos satisfaction Job security

 Dissatisfaction in the workplace  Today’s high costs of living and
might also cause several physical the effects of the pandemic means
and mental health issues. that a sense of security is more
 Keeping employees satisfied can important than a sense of
lead to higher sales, lower costs, satisfaction.
and a stronger bottom line.  Job security will translate into a
 Employees who are more satisfied lower employee turnover, which
with their job can increase job will also mean a reduced need for
productivity. recruitment.
 Established job security also
boosts the organization's reputation
and image.
REFERENCE:
 Importance of employee job security for workplace success
 What is job satisfaction and why is it important?
56
9. Human Capital Flight
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their
own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems do this cause? What are the solutions?
Problems of brain drain Solutions for brain drain

 The countries of origin will lack  Governments can implement an
human resources to achieve fiscal policies to recruit highly
economic development targets. trained talents graduated from
 Remittances sent home from overseas.
labours overseas can also cause  Governments can offer more
appreciation in the exchange rate. lucrative salaries along with
 Developing countries will receive incentives to skilled professionals
less revenues from income tax. to entice them to live and work in
their country.
 The government should reward the
deserving candidates with
scholarships and increase facilities
for research-oriented activities.
REFERENCE:
 Brain drain problem
 Causes of brain drain and solutions: the Taiwan experience
57
10. Working overtime
Many people are working longer hours. Why is this happening?
What problems can this cause to people?
Reasons for working overtime Problems of working overtime

 The need to work additional  Stress might dominate your
hours often stems from life
increasing demand in the  Your productivity might
workplace decrease over time
 Employees want to look good in  Your physical health will be
the eyes of supervisors (Striver adversely affected
syndrome)
REFERENCE:
 4 Reasons Employees Work Overtime
 7 negative effects of working overtime
11. Working women and men share household tasks

Nowadays, women as well as men work full time. Therefore, women and men should share household
tasks equally, e.g cleaning and looking after children.
Arguments for sharing Arguments against sharing

household tasks household tasks
 It ensures men and women are  Men may not perform well
being equitable since they are not skillful
 It enhances family relationships enough.
 People who can earn more money
should be exempted from
household chores
REFERENCE:
 Some Theories on Why Men Don't Do as Many Household Tasks
 Why men should share equally in housework
58
59
XI. INTERNET
Practice questions:
1. Social media
The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the advantages?
2. Online shopping
Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier, while others disagree.
3. Online communication
Online communication is becoming more popular than face-to-face communication in many
companies.
Do the advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages?
60
Main points
1. Social media
The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the advantages?
Advantages of social media Disadvantages of social media

• People can communicate with each • Constant use of social media may
other irrespective of geographical cause people to lose their social skills
boundaries or time differences when directly interacting with others
• Companies can keep their clients and • The quality of verbal communication
employees updated at any time between people may falter (i.e.
speaking in shorter sentences, using
abbreviations instead of proper
vocabulary, etc.)
REFERENCE:
• 5 benefits of using social media
• Advantages and disadvantages of social media
• Top 14 advantages and disadvantages of social media
2. Online shopping
Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier, while others disagree.
61
How has modern technology made shopping How has modern technology made
easier? shopping harder?
• It is more convenient to shop with • There are endless choices as to what

technology as people can order items items people can buy so it can lead to
online and wait for them to be delivered indecision and thus waste their time
without ever having to leave their • The risk of people’s financial
homes information being stolen by hackers is
• People can search for a specific item higher since that information is
using filters on e-commerce sites such provided whenever a transaction is
as price, brand name and color made
REFERENCE:
• 20 advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce
• Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping
3. Online communication
Online communication is becoming more popular than face-to-face communication in many companies.
Do the advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages?
Advantages of online communication Disadvantages of online

communication
• Employees and clients can communicate • Communicating online makes it

with each other irrespective of geographical difficult for people’s thoughts and
boundaries or time differences feelings to be conveyed correctly
• Communicating online is cheaper, as therefore leading to
companies only need to schedule a meeting misunderstanding between
through a video call. Thus, they can save on employees and clients
travel expenses for meeting with clients in • The internet connection may
person. sometimes be weak, so it can be
difficult to conduct a meeting
without interruptions in the
audio/video feed
REFERENCE:
• 10 pros and cons of online communication for businesses
• Advantages and disadvantages of online communication
62
63
XII. CHILDREN AND SCHOOL
Practice questions:
1. Reading books or watching TV

Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching TV or playing
computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Learning foreign language

Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
3. Local history or World history

It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
64
Main points
1. Reading books or watching TV
Reading from books Watching TV/playing computer games
• Electronic media can serve as a visual

• Books are instrumental in
learning tool for children. Knowledge
stimulating imagination within
that is transferred on screen can be
children. They encourage them to
easily absorbed by children as it can
creatively think what the world and
hold their attention for a long time.
characters from a book look and
• Electronic media can boost the
sound like
• Reading can serve to improve the cognitive abilities of children. For
language skills of children. Books example, playing games forces them
can teach new vocabulary and to coordinate their visual and physical
more complex grammatical movements, thus improving hand-eye
structures in which children can coordination.
comprehend
REFERENCE:
• Benefits & importance of reading to children
• Good things about television
• Benefits of video games in learning
2. Learning foreign language
Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
65
Arguments for learning foreign language Arguments against learning foreign language
• The education isn't always

• It’s easier to acquire consistent
foreign languages as a
• Children are pressured to
child It grows
focus on mastering the
children’ brains
language
• It boosts test scores in
• Mixing languages is a huge
core subjects
pain to deal with
REFERENCE:
• 15 Reasons for Kids to Learn a Foreign Language
• Kids Learning A 2nd Language (10 Reasons They Should And 10 Reasons They
Shouldn’t)
3. Local history or World history
It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history. To what
Arguments for learning local history Arguments for learning world history
• Local histories • Attaining cultural literacy

help shape who you are on a world scale
• Local histories help you • Preparing to live in the
understand ancestors in world
context
REFERENCE:
• 3 reasons why you should know your local history
• Why learn world history
66
B. HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN
HƯỚNG DẪN CÔNG THỨC PEER TỔNG QUÁT
Phát triển ý tưởng có lẽ là vấn đề nhiều bạn gặp phải nhất khi viết bài IELTS Writing task 2.
Các bạn không biết viết làm sao cho dài, cho đủ ý và logic. Và có một công thức rất đơn giản có
thể giúp bạn xử lý hiệu quả vấn đề đó. Công thức đó chỉ gồm 4 chữ: P – E – E – R
P- E – E - R là viết tắt của 4 từ:
 P = Point (Luận điểm)
 E = Explanation (Giải thích)
 E = Example (Ví dụ)
 R = Result (Kết quả)
Mình lấy một câu hỏi ví dụ: “Trẻ em có nên tham gia chơi hoạt động ngoài trời không? (Should
children join in outdoor activities?)”
Giả sử như các bạn đồng ý với quan điểm này, và đưa ra Luận điểm (Point) đầu tiên để bảo vệ ý
kiến của mình.
POINT (Luận điểm): Các hoạt động ngoài trời có thể thúc đẩy khả năng thể chất của trẻ.
(Outdoor activities could foster children’s physical abilities).
Sau khi có Point này, các bạn sẽ cần mở rộng ý tưởng của mình bằng cách đưa thêm
Explanation (Giải thích), Example (Ví dụ) và Result (Kết quả) vào.
EXPLANATION (Giải thích): Các bạn đưa ra lý do giải thích tại sao lại có luận điểm trình
bày tại Point.
Ví dụ: Khi tham gia các hoạt động ngoài trời, trẻ thường phải vận động nhiều hơn (When
playing outdoors, children tend to be involved in various physical movements)
EXAMPLE (Ví dụ): Sau khi có giải thích, bạn đưa một ví dụ cụ thể nhằm chứng minh phần
giải thích này.
Ví dụ: Nếu một đứa trẻ tham gia vào một trận bóng, nó sẽ cần di chuyển nhiều để phối hợp với
đồng đội để ghi bàn (If a child is playing a football match, he is supposed to move around the
pitch to collaborate with his teammates to score against the opposing team).
Tuy nhiên trong thực tế, phần ví dụ là phần khó triển khai nhất trong một đoạn văn, với
nhiều lối viết khác nhau và các yêu cầu khác nhau. Lập luận của một đoạn văn có chắc chắn
hay không phụ thuộc khá nhiều vào cách các bạn đưa ví dụ. Bởi vậy, ở tài liệu này, chúng ta
sẽ có một phần hướng dẫn và luyện tập viết ví dụ riêng nhé.
67
RESULT (Kết quả): Cuối cùng, bạn đưa một kết quả/ hậu quả để tăng độ thuyết phục, chắc
chắn của ý tưởng. Kết quả/ hậu quả này có thể được phát triển từ Ví dụ hoặc là kết quả/ hậu quả
của ý trong Point.
Ví dụ: Khi trẻ hoạt bát hơn, chúng có thể phát triển một cách toàn diện hơn. (Once children are
more active, they can benefit from a more holistic development).
Tổng hợp lại, chúng ta sẽ có một đoạn văn như sau:
“Outdoor activities could foster children’s physical abilities. It is because when joining these
activities, they tend to be involved in various physical movements. For example, if a child is
playing a football match, he is supposed to move around the pitch to collaborate with his
teammates to score against the opposing team. Once the child players become more active, they
can benefit from a more holistic development.”
Đây chỉ là một ví dụ đơn giản nhất để các bạn hiểu được cách phát triển ý tưởng theo PEER.
Các bài viết đầy đủ, được giám khảo chấm 8.0+ được trình bày ở phần sau của tài liệu này.
68
I. OPINION
Ở dạng bài Opinion, đề bài sẽ đưa ra câu hỏi:
- To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Để trả lời câu hỏi này, các bạn sẽ có hai hướng:
1. Partly Agree/Disagree (đồng ý/không đồng ý một phần)
2. Completely Agree/Disagree (đồng ý/không đồng ý hoàn toàn)
Do có hai cách trả lời khác nhau, chúng ta sẽ có hai template khác nhau cho dạng bài Opinion.
PARTLY AGREE/DISAGREE
Trước khi đi vào các template cụ thể, chúng ta hãy cùng đọc đề bài sau:
Question: Some people believe that children should play outdoor games. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
1. INTRODUCTION
Ở phần Introduction, các bạn sẽ có hai câu văn. Câu đầu tiên các bạn sẽ Paraphrase lại thông tin
đề bài cho, và câu thứ hai các bạn sẽ đưa quan điểm của mình.
Sentence 1: Suggested structures
- Many people argue that ....
- It is true that ...
- It is sometimes argued that ...
- While there are some benefits/drawbacks to…, I maintain/ am of the opinion that ...
- Many people believe that …, whereas I believe/ am of the opinion that …
- Although some people argue that …, I partly agree with this notion due to …
Sample:
“Many people believe that children should engage in outdoor activities. While there are some
benefits to this practice, I partly disagree with this notion due to the risk it presents”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Khi các bạn đồng ý/không đồng ý một phần với vấn đề của đề bài đưa, các bạn sẽ phân tích cả 2
hướng của đề (agree + disagree) trong hai đoạn thân bài.
Ở đoạn đầu tiên này, chúng ta sẽ viết ý ―agree‖ trước nhé. Các bạn sẽ có 5 câu, cụ thể như sau:
Topic sentence: Suggested structures
69
- On the one hand, the option to … is attractive for several reasons.
- On the one hand, the idea of … is beneficial to some extent. - The argument that ... is
reasonable to some extent.
Point 1 Introduction:
- Firstly, ....
- The first reason for this is …

Point 1 Explanation/Example/Result:
- This is because …
- This is mainly due to …
- This could be explained by the fact …
- For example, …
- This is perfectly exemplified in case of …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- Secondly, ...
- The second reason for this is …
- Another reason is …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
70
- Therefore, …
Sample:
- “On the one hand, the option to let children play outdoor games is attractive for several
reasons. Firstly, ... This is mainly due to … Secondly, ... For example, …”
- “On the one hand, the idea of letting participate in outdoor activities is beneficial to
some extent. The first reason for this is, ... This is because … Another reason is,
... This can be exemplified in the case of …”
- “The argument that allowing children engage in outdoor games are beneficial for them is
reasonable to some extent. Firstly, ... This could be explained by the fact …
Secondly, ... This is because …”
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ viết ý còn lại - ―disagree‖ nhé. Các bạn cũng sẽ có 5
câu, cụ thể như sau:
- Nevertheless, I believe that …
- On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why I also believe ...
- Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that …
Point 1 Introduction
- The main one is ...
- The first reason relates to ...
- The first reason is that …
- Firstly, …
- For example, …
71
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- Furthermore/In addition, ...
- The second reason relates to ...
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
Sample:
- “On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why I also believe that children should
not be allowed to play these games. The first reason is … This is because … The second
reason relates to … For example …”
- “Nevertheless, I believe that children should avoid participating in outdoor activities.

Firstly, … This is mainly due to … Secondly, … This can be perfectly exemplified in the
case of …”
- “Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that children should not be
encouraged to engage in outdoor exercises. The first reason relates to … This could be
explained by the fact … Furthermore, … For example, …”
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4. CONCLUSION
Một Conclusion thông thường sẽ bao gồm hai câu. Ở dạng bài này, câu đầu tiên bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại
các ý mà bạn đã viết và đưa quan điểm cá nhân của bạn. Câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final
Thought dưới dạng ―Prediction‖ hoặc ―Recommendation‖.
Suggested structures
- In conclusion, while there are many benefits/drawbacks regarding ..., I still believe that it
is more beneficial/disadvantageous to … because … It is advisable that ...
- In conclusion, although … presents certain advantages/disadvantages, I contend that it
should/should not be encouraged due to … It can be predicted that …
Sample:
“In conclusion, although letting children freely engage in outdoor games presents physical
health benefits, I contend that it should not be encouraged due to the risk these games pose to
children. It is advisable that parents take the appropriate measures to protect their offspring
from the health hazard that outdoor activities present”
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COMPLETELY AGREE/DISAGREE
1. INTRODUCTION
Ở phần Introduction của dạng này, các bạn cũng sẽ có hai câu văn:
Sentence 1: Paraphrase the question
Sentence 2: State your opinion and ideas
- Personally, I completely agree with this view.
- In my opinion, it would be wrong/right to…
Sample:
“Many people believe that children should engage in outdoor activities. Personally, I completely
agree with this view”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Khác với dạng ―Partly Agree/Disagree‖, các bạn chỉ nên viết một ý tưởng cho mỗi Body
Paragraph. Bởi vậy, các bạn sẽ phát triển ý tưởng theo công thức PEER một cách đầy đủ.
*Trong trường hợp các bạn vẫn muốn đưa hai ý tưởng một đoạn, các bạn có thể viết tương tự
như Body Paragraph của dạng “Partly Agree/Disagree” nhé.
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ tiếp tục phát triển ý tưởng với format tương tự như body 1,
các bạn tham khảo phần Body Paragraph của dạng ―Partly Agree/Disagree‖ hoặc phần PEER
Template nha.
4. CONCLUSION
Conclusion của dạng bài này cũng sẽ tương đối giống dạng ―Partly Agree/Disagree‖ - sẽ bao
gồm hai câu. Câu đầu tiên bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại các ý tưởng bạn đã viết và đưa quan điểm cá nhân để
trả lời câu hỏi của đề. Câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final Thought dưới dạng
―Prediction‖ hoặc ―Recommendation‖.
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- In conclusion, it seems to me that … because … It is advisable that ...
- In conclusion, for the reasons I have mentioned above, I maintain that … It can be
predicted that …
Sample:
“In conclusion, for the reasons I have mentioned above, I maintain that children should be
encouraged to engage in outdoor activities. It is advisable that parents take the appropriate
initiatives to facilitate an environment most suitable for this practice”
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II. DISCUSSION
Ở dạng bài Discussion, đề bài sẽ đưa ra câu hỏi:

- Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Để trả lời câu hỏi này, các bạn sẽ phải phân tích cả hai hướng của đề bài và đưa quan điểm cá
nhân. Bởi vậy, các bạn sẽ viết dạng này giống theo format của Dạng Opinion - Partly
Agree/Disagree.
Trước khi đi vào Template cụ thể, chúng ta hãy cùng đọc đề bài sau:
“Some people think that zoos are cruel and should be closed down. Others, however, believe that
zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss both views and give your opinion”
Ở ví dụ này, chúng ta sẽ ủng hộ ý kiến đầu tiên của đề bài, rằng “zoos should be closed down”
1. INTRODUCTION
Ở phần này, các bạn vẫn sẽ có hai câu văn như dạng Opinion. Câu đầu tiên các bạn sẽ
Paraphrase lại thông tin đề bài cho, và câu thứ hai các bạn sẽ đưa quan điểm của mình.
- While there are some benefits/drawbacks/reasons to…, I maintain/ am of the opinion that
...
- Many people believe that …, whereas I believe/ am of the opinion that …
- Although some people argue that …, I partly agree with this notion due to …
Sample:
“It is true that the existence of zoos is a topic of much debate. While there might be some reasons
to support their existence, I am of the opinion that they should be completely abolished”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
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Ở đoạn đầu tiên này, chúng ta sẽ viết về ý thứ 2 của đề bài ―zoos can be useful in protecting wild
animals‖ nhé. Các bạn sẽ có 5 câu, cụ thể như sau:
- On the one hand, the option to … is attractive for several reasons.
- On the one hand, the idea of … is beneficial to some extent. - The argument that ... is
reasonable to some extent.
- Firstly, ....
- The first reason for this is …

- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- Secondly, ...
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- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “On the one hand, the option to allow zoos to exist is attractive for several reasons.
Firstly, ... This is mainly due to … Secondly, ... For example, …”
- “On the one hand, the idea of maintaining zoos is beneficial to some extent. The first
reason for this is, ... This is because … Another reason is, ... This can be exemplified in
the case of …”
- “The argument that zoos are beneficial for wild animals is reasonable to some extent.
Firstly, ... This could be explained by the fact … Secondly, ... This is because
…”
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ viết ý còn lại - và cũng là ý chúng ta ủng hộ ―zoos should be
closed down‖ nhé. Các bạn cũng sẽ có 5 câu, cụ thể như sau:
- Nevertheless, I believe that …

- On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why I believe ...
- Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that …

- The first reason relates to ...
- The first reason is that …
- Firstly, …
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- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- The second reason relates to ...
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
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- “On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why I believe that all zoos should be
asked to close. The first reason is … This is because … The second reason relates to …
For example …”
- “Nevertheless, I believe that zoos are unethical and therefore musted be banned from
operating. Firstly, … This is mainly due to … Secondly, … This can be perfectly
exemplified in the case of …”
- “Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that zoos should not be maintained
given its cruelty toward animals. The first reason relates to … This could be explained by
the fact … Furthermore, … For example, …”
4. CONCLUSION
Tương tự như dạng Opinion, Conclusion ở dạng bài này cũng sẽ bao gồm hai câu. Câu đầu tiên
bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại các ý tưởng bạn đã viết và đưa quan điểm cá nhân để trả lời câu hỏi của đề.
Câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final Thought dưới dạng ―Prediction‖ hoặc ―Recommendation‖.
- In conclusion, while there are many benefits/drawbacks regarding ..., I still believe that it is
more beneficial/disadvantageous to … because … It is advisable that ...
- In conclusion, although … presents certain advantages/disadvantages, I contend that it
should/should not be encouraged due to … It can be predicted that …
Sample:
“In conclusion, although preserving zoos can somewhat contribute to the survival of animals, I
contend that zoos should not be kept open due to the cruelty these facilities exert to animals. It is
advisable that governments take the initiative to close down these venues in the near future”
III. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
Ở dạng bài Problem-Solution, đề bài sẽ yêu cầu các bạn đưa ra vấn đề hoặc nguyên nhân của 1
hiện tượng nào đó, đồng thời nêu giải pháp cho vấn đề đó. Bởi vậy, dạng bài này sẽ được chia
làm hai hướng với hai template khác nhau:
- Cause - Solution (Nguyên nhân - Giải pháp)
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- Problem - Solution (Hậu quả - Giải pháp)
Với hai hướng này, đề sẽ có hai cách hỏi:
- Why is this happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
- What are the problems and solutions?
Trước khi đi vào Template cụ thể, chúng ta hãy cùng đọc đề bài sau:
“Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment in prison”
Đầu tiên, chúng ta sẽ cùng đi vào Template cụ thể cho hướng đầu tiên - Cause - Solution nhé.
CAUSE-SOLUTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Ở phần Introduction, các bạn sẽ có hai câu văn. Câu đầu tiên các bạn sẽ Paraphrase lại thông tin
đề bài cho, và câu thứ hai các bạn sẽ trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài.
- These days, …
- There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon/tendency/trend/view and several
solutions should be adopted by … to improve the situation.
- This phenomenon can be attributed to a number of reasons, and solutions should be taken
by … to alleviate the circumstance.
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Sample:
“It is true that many offenders recommit crimes after being released from prison. There are a
number of reasons behind this phenomenon, and several solutions should be adopted by the
governments to improve the situation.”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Ở đoạn đầu tiên này, chúng ta sẽ trả lời câu hỏi đầu tiên của đề bài (Why is this happening) - tức
là đưa các nguyên nhân gây nên vấn đề đề bài đưa. Các bạn cũng sẽ có 5 câu, cụ thể như sau:
- There are two primary reasons why the …

- This issue can be explained by two main reasons.
- There are two main reasons associated with this phenomenon.
- Firstly, ....
- One reason is …
- The first reason is …
- First of which is …
- For example, …
- This can be seen in the case of …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
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- Secondly, ...
- Furthermore/In addition/Additionally, …
- For example, …
- According to a study conducted by … in …, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “There are two primary reasons why criminals recommit after serving their sentence.
One reason is … This is due to … Furthermore, … According to a study conducted by
IELTS Xuan Phi in 2019, …”
- “There are two main reasons associated with this phenomenon. Firstly, ... This is mainly
due to … Secondly, ... For example, …”
- “This issue can be explained by two main reasons. First of which is, ... This is because …
Another reason is, ... This can be exemplified in the case of …”
*Ở dạng bài này, nếu đề dùng từ “reasonS” thì các bạn bắt buộc phải đưa hai lý do cho đoạn
văn này. Ngược lại, nếu đề dùng “reason” số ít hoặc sử dụng cấu trúc “Why…”, các bạn có
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thể đưa một hoặc hai lý do tùy theo ý muốn. Trong trường hợp bạn chỉ đưa một, các bạn sẽ
phát triển ý theo công thức PEER một cách hoàn chỉnh bằng cách gộp câu Point với câu
Topic sentence, đưa Explanation, Example và Result cụ thể. (các bạn tham khảo phần PEER
Template nhé)
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ viết về các ―Solution‖ cho vấn đề của đề bài. Các bạn lưu ý
sẽ cố gắng đưa các giải pháp có liên quan tới các nguyên nhân bạn nêu ở Body 1.
- Fortunately, several measures could be taken to alleviate this problem.
- However, several solutions could be implemented to tackle this issue.
- There are several solutions that can be adopted by … to resolve this problem.
- The first solution would be …
- Firstly, …
- This could be done by …
- This could be carried out by …
- According to some research, …
- This was successfully done by …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
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- The second solution requires the cooperation of … to …
- The second solution is …
- Another solution is …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “Fortunately, several measures could be taken to alleviate this problem. The first
solution would be … This could be done by … Another solution is … According to some
research, …”
- “There are several solutions that can be adopted by the authorities and individuals to
resolve this problem. First of which is … This could be carried out by … The second
solution requires the cooperation of individuals to … This was successfully done by …”
*Lưu ý 1: Tương tự như lưu ý ở đoạn trên, nếu đề dùng từ “solutionS/measureS” thì các bạn
bắt buộc phải đưa hai giải pháp cho đoạn văn này. Ngược lại, nếu đề chỉ dùng “solution” số ít
hoặc sử dụng cấu trúc “What can be done to …”, các bạn có thể đưa một hoặc hai giải pháp
tùy theo ý muốn. Trong trường hợp bạn chỉ đưa một, các bạn sẽ phát triển ý theo công thức
PEER một cách hoàn chỉnh bằng cách gộp câu Point với câu Topic sentence, đưa
Explanation, Example và Result cụ thể. (các bạn tham khảo phần PEER Template nhé)
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* Lưu ý 2: Các giải pháp bạn đưa ở đoạn này nên tương xứng với các ý bạn nêu ở đoạn trước,
cả về mặt thông tin lẫn thứ tự trong đoạn văn.
4. CONCLUSION
Ở dạng bài này, Conclusion cũng sẽ bao gồm hai câu. Câu đầu tiên bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại các nguyên
do - giải pháp bạn đã viết và câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final Thought dưới dạng
―Prediction‖. (các bạn không nên đưa recommendation vì nó sẽ tương ứng như một solution mới
- mà bạn đã đưa solution trong thân bài rồi)
- In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for …, and steps need to be taken by
… to tackle this problem. It can be predicted that …
- In conclusion, this phenomenon can be explained by the … However, solutions can be

taken to resolve this issue. In the near future, it is predicted that …
Sample:
“In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for ex-prisoners to commit more crimes,
and steps need to be taken by the government and individuals to tackle this problem. It can be
predicted that with appropriate funding and implementation of these suggested measures, this
issue would likely be alleviated in the next 10 years”
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Tương tự như ở dạng Cause-Solution, các bạn cũng sẽ có hai câu văn. Câu đầu tiên các bạn sẽ
Paraphrase lại thông tin đề bài cho, và câu thứ hai các bạn sẽ trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài.
- These days,
- It is true that
- It is sometimes argued that
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- There are a number of problems result from this phenomenon/tendency/trend/view and
several solutions should be adopted by … to improve the situation.
- Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a
number of effective solutions from …
Sample:
“It is true that many offenders recommit crimes after being released from prison. Several
problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a number of effective
solutions from the government and individuals”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Ở đoạn đầu tiên này, chúng ta sẽ trả lời câu hỏi đầu tiên của đề bài (What are the problems) tức
là đưa các hậu quả của vấn đề đề bài đưa. Các bạn cũng sẽ có 5 câu, cụ thể như sau:
- As …, several related problems can be anticipated. - This issue has led to two main
problems.
- There are two main problems engendered by this phenomenon.
- Firstly, ....
- One problem is …
- The first problem is …
- The main issue is …

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- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- Secondly, ...
- The second problem resulted from this is …
- Another problem is …
- Furthermore/In addition/Additionally, …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
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- “As ex-prisoners are committing more crimes, several related problems can be
anticipated. The main issue is that ... This is due to … Another problem is that .... This
can be seen in the case of …”
- “This issue has led to two main problems. Firstly, ... This is mainly due to … Secondly, ...
For example, …”
- “There are two main problems engendered by this phenomenon. First of which is, ... This
is because … Another reason is, ... This can be exemplified in the case of …”
*Tương tự, nếu đề dùng từ “problemS” thì các bạn bắt buộc phải đưa hai hậu quả cho đoạn
văn này. Ngược lại, nếu đề dùng “problem” số ít hoặc sử dụng các cấu trúc khác, các bạn có
thể đưa một hoặc hai “problem” tùy theo ý muốn. Trong trường hợp bạn chỉ đưa một, các bạn
sẽ phát triển ý theo công thức PEER một cách hoàn chỉnh bằng cách gộp câu Point với câu
Topic sentence, đưa Explanation, Example và Result cụ thể. (các bạn tham khảo phần PEER
Template nhé)
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ viết về các ―Solution‖ cho vấn đề của đề bài. Các bạn lưu ý
sẽ cố gắng đưa các giải pháp có liên quan tới các nguyên nhân bạn nêu ở Body 1.
- Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should immediately take
steps to address these problems.
- Fortunately, several measures could be taken to alleviate this problem.
- However, several solutions could be implemented to tackle this issue.
- There are several solutions that can be adopted by … to resolve this problem.
- The first solution would be …
- Firstly, …
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- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- The second solution requires the cooperation of … to …
- The second solution is …
- Another solution is …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
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- “Since such issues are serious, the government should immediately take steps to address
these problems. The first solution would be ... This could be carried out by ...
The second measure would be … Indeed, …”
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- “Fortunately, several measures could be taken to alleviate this problem. The first
solution would be … This could be done by … Another solution is … According to some
research, …”
- “There are several solutions that can be adopted by the authorities and individuals to
resolve this problem. First of which is … This could be carried out by … The second
solution requires the cooperation of individuals to … This was successfully done by …”
*Lưu ý 1: Tương tự như lưu ý ở đoạn trên, nếu đề dùng từ “solutionS/measureS” thì các
bạn bắt buộc phải đưa hai giải pháp cho đoạn văn này. Ngược lại, nếu đề chỉ dùng
“solution” số ít hoặc sử dụng cấu trúc “What can be done to …”, các bạn có thể đưa một
hoặc hai giải pháp tùy theo ý muốn. Trong trường hợp bạn chỉ đưa một, các bạn sẽ phát
triển ý theo công thức PEER một cách hoàn chỉnh bằng cách gộp câu Point với câu Topic
sentence, đưa Explanation, Example và Result cụ thể. (các bạn tham khảo phần PEER
Template nhé)
* Lưu ý 2: Các giải pháp bạn đưa ở đoạn này nên tương xứng với các ý bạn nêu ở đoạn
trước, cả về mặt thông tin lẫn thứ tự trong đoạn văn.
4. CONCLUSION
Ở dạng bài này, Conclusion cũng sẽ bao gồm hai câu. Câu đầu tiên bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại các vấn đề
- giải pháp bạn đã viết và câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final Thought dưới dạng
―Prediction‖. (các bạn không nên đưa recommendation vì nó sẽ tương ứng như một solution
mới - mà bạn đã đưa solution trong thân bài rồi)
- In conclusion, it is clear that there are various problems resulted from …, and steps need
to be taken by … to tackle this problem. It can be predicted that …
- In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of … and appropriate steps need
to be taken to tackle these problems by …
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Sample:
“In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of re-committing crimes and
appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems. It can be predicted that with
appropriate funding and implementation of these suggested measures, this issue would likely be
alleviated in the next 10 years”
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IV. TWO-PART QUESTION
Ở dạng bài này, đề bài sẽ yêu cầu các bạn trả lời hai câu hỏi khác nhau cho cùng một chủ đề.
Các câu hỏi của dạng này cũng khá đa dạng, tuy nhiên nhìn chung các bạn vẫn sẽ có cấu trúc
bài 4 đoạn tương tự như các bài trước:
- Introduction
- Body Paragraph 1 - Answer the first question
- Body Paragraph 2 - Answer the second question
- Conclusion
Nội dung trong các đoạn văn này sẽ thay đổi dựa theo từng câu hỏi, vậy nên sẽ không có một
Template cụ thể có thể áp dụng cho tất cả các bài. Trước khi đi vào các thông tin cụ thể, mời
các bạn đọc đề bài sau:
“These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to
work. What could be the reasons for this? Do you think it is a negative or positive
development?”
1. INTRODUCTION
Tương tự như các dạng trước, ở phần Introduction các bạn cũng vẫn sẽ có hai câu văn. Câu đầu
tiên các bạn sẽ Paraphrase lại thông tin đề bài cho, và câu thứ hai các bạn sẽ trả lời câu hỏi của
đề bài. Bạn sẽ cần trả lời đầy đủ cả hai câu hỏi của đề bài trong câu thứ hai này nhé.
- These days, …
Sentence 2: Do các câu hỏi thay đổi theo từng bài, và do có rất nhiều cách hỏi khác nhau, các
bạn cần cân nhắc trả lời sao cho trực tiếp, đầy đủ và rõ ràng nhé.
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Sample:
“The phenomenon of mothers becoming the chief breadwinners and fathers becoming stayat-
home husbands has been growing in popularity. This change can be attributed to a number of
reasons, and I consider this a positive development”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Ở đoạn đầu tiên này, chúng ta sẽ trả lời câu hỏi đầu tiên của đề bài (What could be the reasons
for this) - tức là đưa các nguyên nhân gây nên vấn đề đề bài đưa. Câu hỏi này có yêu cầu tương
tự như phần ―Cause - Solution‖ trong dạng số 3, vậy nên các bạn có thể tham khảo Template của
phần đó nhé.
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thân bài thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ trả lời câu hỏi số 2 – ―Do you think it is a negative or
positive development”. Nhìn chung, cách viết đoạn văn này cũng giống một đoạn văn trong một
bài Opinion hay Discussion thông thường, các bạn sẽ phát triển từ 1-2 ý tưởng trong một đoạn
văn. Điểm khác biệt duy nhất là bạn cần trả lời rõ rằng đây là một ―positive‖ hay
―negative development‖ ngay từ câu Topic Sentence đầu tiên.
- Personally, I deem this a positive/negative development - I consider this trend as progress
for several reasons.
- I am of the opinion that this is a negative trend considering its adverse impacts on
…
- The first reason for my belief is …
- Firstly, …
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- This could be explained by the fact that …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- The second reason/rationale is …
- Another reason for this is …
- Secondly, …
- This could be explained by the fact that …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “Personally, I deem this a positive/negative development. Firstly, ... This is mainly due to
… Secondly, ... For example, …”
- “I consider this trend as progress for several reasons. The first reason for this is, ... This is
because … Another reason is, ... This can be exemplified in the case of …”
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- “I am of the opinion that this is a negative trend considering its adverse impacts on
children. Firstly, ... This could be explained by the fact … Secondly, ... This is because
…”
*Trong thực tế, có rất nhiều cách hỏi trong dạng bài Two-part Question, đồng nghĩa với việc
có nhiều cách trả lời khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, các cấu trúc triển khai đoạn văn nhìn chung
cũng vẫn khá tương đồng với các dạng khác, vậy nên các bạn chỉ cần đọc kỹ 3 dạng đầu là
hoàn toàn có thể tự tin viết dạng bài này.
4. CONCLUSION
Ở dạng bài này, Conclusion cũng sẽ bao gồm hai câu. Câu đầu tiên bạn sẽ tóm tắt lại câu trả lời
mà bạn đã viết trong hai đoạn than bài. Câu thứ hai bạn sẽ đưa một câu Final Thought dưới dạng
―Recommendation‖ hoặc ―Prediction‖.
Sample:
“In conclusion, while the role-swap between husband and wife can be attributed to the changes
in people’s perception and the ever-increasing living expenses, I consider this a positive
development given the flexibility and financial security it provides for families. It is
recommended that this practice be encouraged for the benefits of women in particular and the
economy as a whole”
V. ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES
DO THE ADVANTAGES OUTWEIGH THE DISADVANTAGES?

“It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep animals.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”
1. INTRODUCTION
Tương tự như các bài trước, chúng ta cũng sẽ có Template như sau:
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- While there are some drawbacks to…, I maintain/ am of the opinion that the strengths
will likely be more significant.
- Although there can be no doubt that … can be beneficial to society to a certain extent, I
assert/ hold a belief that … will do more harm than good.
Sample:
“Many believe that the teaching of horticulture and animal domestication should be included in
the school’ s curriculum. While there are some advantages to this proposal,
I am of the opinion that the drawbacks will likely be more significant”
2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
Ở đoạn văn này, chúng ta sẽ đi vào phần ―Advantages‖ trước nhé – đoạn văn cũng sẽ bao gồm 5
câu:
- On the one hand, the option to … can exert many positive effects.
- On the one hand, the idea of … is advantageous to some extent.
- The argument that ... is beneficial for … is reasonable to some extent.
- Firstly, ....
- The first advantage of this is …
- For example, …
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- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- Secondly, ...
- The second advantage of this is …
- Another advantage is …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “On the one hand, the option to teach schoolchildren planting and animal raising skills
can exert certain benefits. Firstly, ... This is because … Secondly, … This is mainly due to
…”
- “On the one hand, the idea of letting children learn to grow plants and look after animals
is advantageous to some extent. The first advantage of this is … This could be explained
by the fact … Another advantage is … For example, …”
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3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2
Ở đoạn thứ hai, chúng ta sẽ viết về ý còn lại ―Disadvantages‖.

- Nevertheless, I believe that this trend/ practice may carry a certain degree of risk.
- On the other hand, this trend/ practice can highlight a number of valid concerns.
- Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that these activities/ this idea might
be associated with many detrimental effects on…
- The first drawback relates to ...
- The first disadvantage is that …
- Firstly, …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- The second disadvantage relates to ...
- Another disadvantage is …
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- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “Nevertheless, I believe that this trend may carry a certain degree of risk. The first
drawback relates to ... This is because … Furthermore, … This is perfectly exemplified in
case of …”
- “On the other hand, this practice can highlight a number of valid concerns. The first
drawback relates to... This is mainly due to … The second one is that … For example,
…”
- “Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that these activities might be
associated with many detrimental effects on children. The main one is ... This could be
explained by the fact … In addition, ... This is perfectly exemplified in case of …”
* Nếu các bạn cho rằng ưu điểm lớn hơn nhược điểm thì các bạn sẽ viết đoạn
“Advantages” ở body thứ 2 nhé.
4. CONCLUSION
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- In conclusion, while there are many advantages/ disadvantages regarding ..., I believe
the benefits/ drawbacks that result from this trend/ practice is of more vital significance.
It is recommended that...
- In conclusion, this trend might possess many advantages/ disadvantages. However, I am
more inclined to the view that the disadvantages/ advantages will likely prevail.
Sample:
“In conclusion, while there may disadvantage regarding teaching children cultivation and
domestication skills, I believe that drawback that result from this trend is of more vital
significance. It is recommended that an extracurricular program relevant to these activities
should be imparted in the study timetable”
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES?

“In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move to regional
areas outside the big cities. What are the advantages and disadvantages?”
1. INTRODUCTION
- The practice/ trend of …has been a topic of interest.

- The topic of ... has gained traction/ gain a high level of interest in today’s society.
- Many hold the belief that ...
- This essay will elaborate the strengths and weaknesses of …
- While… can exert certain benefits, this also imposes many detrimental benefits for…
Sample:
“The practice of relocating factories and industrial firms from the metropolitan centers to the
rural regions has been a topic of interest. This essay will elaborate the strengths and
weaknesses of this movement.”
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2. BODY PARAGRAPH 1
- On the one hand, … is beneficial to…. for many rationales.

- On the one hand, the idea of … is favorable to some extent.
- There are two main advantages of ...
- Firstly, ....
- The first advantage of this is …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- Secondly, ...
- The second advantage of this is …
- Another advantage is …
- For example, …
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- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “On the one hand, moving companies outside the metropolises is beneficial to society for
many rationales. Firstly, ... This is because … Secondly, … This is mainly due to …”
- “On the one hand, the idea of moving companies outside the metropolises is favorable to
some extent. Firstly, ... Secondly, ........”
3. BODY PARAGRAPH 2

- Nevertheless, I believe that this trend/ practice may constitute a number of valid
concerns.
- On the other hand, this trend/ practice may have two primary shortcomings.
- Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that these activities/ this idea might
have their/ its downsides.
- The first drawback relates to ...
- The first disadvantage is that …
- Firstly, …
- For example, …
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- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
- The second disadvantage relates to ...
- Another disadvantage is …
- For example, …
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- Therefore, …
- As such, …
Sample:
- “Nevertheless, I believe that this trend may constitute a number of valid concerns. The
first drawback relates to ... Furthermore, ...”
- “On the other hand, this practice may have two primary shortcomings. The first one
relates to ... The second one is that ...”
- “Despite the above-mentioned advantages, I believe that this trend might have its
downside.”
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4. CONCLUSION
- In conclusion, while there are many advantages/ disadvantages regarding ..., its/ their
demerits are worth considering. It is recommended that...
- In conclusion, this trend might possess many advantages/ disadvantages. However, the
demerits/ merits of … should not be overlooked.
Sample:
“In conclusion, this trend might possess many advantages. However, the demerits of business
relocation from the urban areas to the rural ones should not be overlooked”
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C. KHUNG BÀI VIẾT CHI TIẾT
I. Business
 Social responsibility (agree or disagree)
As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society. To what
Introduction: It has been argued that businesses should fulfill their duty towards society in
addition to generating profits. In my view, I completely agree as social responsibility can
improve customers’ perceptions of a brand and can attract more shareholders.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, businesses undertaking social responsibility initiatives can improve
their brand image.
Topic sentence 2: Furthermore, social responsibility can encourage more shareholders to

support a business.
Conclusion: In conclusion, I fully agree that businesses should feel an obligation towards
helping society since it can positively change how their brand will be perceived and can entice
more shareholders to support that business. In the near future, I predict that more businesses
will engage in socially responsible activities due to these legitimate benefits.
 Climate change and business (discussion)
Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel they are
an opportunity for businesses. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
Introduction: Some assert that climate change reforms will harm businesses, whereas others
claim they can benefit industry. While these reforms will likely detrimentally affect businesses to
an extent, I would ultimately argue that they present an opportunity for these businesses to
reshape their business models and thrive through demand for sustainable goods and services.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, climate change reforms can harm businesses to some extent.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, these reforms are more beneficial than detrimental for the
following reasons.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though measures to mitigate climate change can hurt businesses to
varying degrees, I assert that they are more beneficial as they serve as a catalyst for innovation
and new services. In the near future, I predict that businesses will embrace these reforms and be
able to reconcile their operations with sustainable practices.
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II. Education
 Free access to university (agree or disagree)
Some people believe that everyone has a right to access to university education and that
governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial background they
come from. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction: It has been argued by some that all citizens are entitled to a university education
and it should be provided by the government. In my opinion, although this measure might foster
an overly competitive labour market, I mostly agree since the educational system would be more
accessible to lower-income segments of society.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, making tertiary education free for all would result in a more
competitive labor market.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, free access to tertiary education should be guaranteed by
the state in order to ensure a more stable society.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though this reform might make it more difficult for individuals to
secure jobs generally, free tertiary education should still be implemented widely as it guarantees
that less privileged students will have a basic means of sustaining themselves. The implications
of this for society will naturally be far-reaching.
 Horticulture and domestication (advantages/disadvantages)
It is often suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Introduction: Some have advocated that primary school children should learn to raise animals
and grow vegetables. Though the disadvantages of this should not be underestimated, the
advantages, which include encouraging children to participate in physical exercise and the
imparting of agricultural knowledge, are greater.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, there are legitimate disadvantages to teaching primary school
children to care for animals and vegetables regarding their physical health.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, the physical and educational advantages of children
learning basic farming knowledge are more substantial.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there are clear disadvantages to teaching children how to raise
animals and grow vegetables for their health. However, the advantages of motivating children to
be more physically active and learning vital knowledge concerning agriculture are of greater
consequence in the long-term.
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III. Entertainment
 Watching live events (agree or disagree)
than watching the same event on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree with
this statement?
Introduction: It has been argued by some that watching a live performance firsthand is a more
enjoyable experience than watching it on TV. I am in complete agreement since in person
attendance allows for a more engaging and social atmosphere.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, watching live shows in person offers audiences a more exciting
atmosphere.
Topic sentence 2: Furthermore, while attending live shows, audience members are more likely to
make new friends.
Conclusion: To conclude, I would assert that watching live performances in person is more
enjoyable than watching them on TV as they provide an engrossing experience that allows for
the possibility of making new social connections. Therefore, individuals should continue to
support and attend a variety of shows.
 Impacts of video games (two-part question)
What are the negative effects of playing computer games? What can be done to minimize
these bad effects?
Introduction: It has been argued by some that children today spend too much time playing video
games instead of sports. This can potentially harm people’s social skills and engender mental
health issues. However, these repercussions can be tackled by both the state and parents.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, children playing video games more than sports impairs their ability to
forge social connections and mental health.
Topic sentence 2: Fortunately, there are sensible solutions that can be implemented by the state
and parents.
Conclusion: In conclusion, playing video games more than sports can cause the deterioration of
social skills and mental health issues. However, these problems can be mitigated by closer
parental supervision and banning video game advertising. I predict that once these solutions are
in effect, children will be less inclined to play video games and engage more in sports.
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IV. Environment
 Car-free days (discussion)
Some people believe that car-free days are effective ways to reduce air pollution. However,
others argue that there are several other ways that are more effective. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.
Introduction: There have been differing opinions as to whether car-free days can actually work to
curb air pollution. In my view, though car-free days will have an impact, I would argue that there
are more effective measures that can be taken such as encouraging the use of public transport and
teaching the importance of environmental protection in schools.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, car-free days effectively limit the amount of fossil fuels
burned on a daily basis.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, there are more effective ways to reduce air pollution related
to infrastructure and education.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though car-free days can to a degree reduce air pollution, I would
assert that this goal can be better accomplished by encouraging public transportation and
incorporating environmental protection into school curricula. Governments should naturally
employ a variety of strategies.
 Overpopulation in cities (problem-solution)
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. What are the problems? What
should governments and individuals do to tackle these problems?
Introduction: Cities these days are facing unprecedented challenges related to overpopulation.
These issues include environmental damage and rising crime rates. However, there are legitimate
solutions to these problems that can be undertaken by the state.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, urban overpopulation has engendered critical problems concerning the
safety and the environment.
Topic sentence 2: Thankfully, the government can implement reasonable long-term solutions to
tackle the problems of overpopulation in urban areas.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though urban overpopulation has caused existential problems related
to environmental degradation and an increase in crime, these issues can be curbed by the state
investing more in rural areas and implementing a one-child policy. Such solutions should be
pursued to guarantee higher standards of living for future generations.
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V. Health
 Healthy lifestyle (discussion)
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and food
choices while others argue that these are individual choices. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.
Introduction: Some have proposed that the government should intervene to regulate nutrition
while others assert that food choices should be left to individuals themselves. While there are
valid grounds for the former viewpoint, I would maintain that people should be free to choose
what food they would like to eat as taste is a subjective preference that relates directly to one’s
health.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, there are valid justifications for governments to dictate
nutritional laws regarding eliminating malnutrition.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, I would nonetheless assert that consumers should be free to
make their own food choices owing to their personal proclivities.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though the government can play a role in mandating what people
should eat to an extent, I would argue that individuals should make their own food choices in
order to satisfy their individual preferences. Therefore, current nutritional policies should remain
in place.
 Overconsumption of soft drinks (two-part question)
People are consuming more and more sugar-based drinks. What are the reasons? What
can be done to make people consume fewer of such drinks?
Introduction: Soft drinks have become increasingly popular and common in recent decades. This
trend can be attributed to more competitive pricing and the effects of these drinks. However,
solutions from the government can be adopted to rectify this pressing situation.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, consumers drink more soft drinks as they are affordable and can
provide immediate energy boosts.
Topic sentence 2: However, overconsumption of sugary drinks can be countered through

governmental regulation.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the rise in soda consumption can be ascribed to lower prices and the
energy boosts they provide. However, the government can counter this trend by introducing
higher taxes and limiting advertising.
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VI. Language:
 Learning languages and customs (agree or disagree)
customs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction: It has been argued by certain individuals that students should travel abroad to learn
the vernacular and traditions of foreign nations. While this may present certain obstacles, I
largely agree that they should do this to be completely immersed in a foreign language and widen
their perspectives on different cultures and traditions.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, traveling abroad is neither cost-effective nor completely safe
for some students.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, students should still travel to foreign nations for
educational and cultural reasons.
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the apparent obstacles of sending students abroad to learn
foreign languages and customs, I still believe they should do this in order to be better immersed
in a foreign language and expand their understanding of unfamiliar cultures and traditions.
Governments should therefore support funding for such initiatives.
 Prevalence of English (two-part question)
The development of tourism has contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the future. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a single universal
language?
Introduction: Thanks to the tourism industry, the use of English has proliferated to the point
where it has become the leading language around the world. This has led some to proclaim that
English will become the only language that will be spoken by future generations. The advantages
of this trend concerning communication and economics do not outweigh the cultural drawbacks.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, using only English offers some substantial advantages related to
convenience and economics.
Topic sentence 2: However, there are significant disadvantages to only using English regarding
linguistic and cultural diversity.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the advantages to having only English as the main global language
include better employment opportunities for individuals and seamless communication between
different cultures. However, the disadvantages are the disappearance of indigenous minor
languages and threats to cultural preservation.
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VII. Social issues
 Consumerism in today’s society (two-part question)
In many countries, people are living in a “throw-away society” where things are used for a
What are the causes of this? What problems does it lead to?
Introduction: These days, many individuals are in the habit of discarding consumer goods after
their intended use. In my opinion, the main cause of this is the pervasiveness of advertising
coupled with advancing technologies, and the main result of this phenomenon is degradation of
the natural world.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, the proliferation of single-use products stems from advertising and
scientific advancement.
Topic sentence 2: This trend has unfortunately resulted in the over-exploitation of natural
resources, which in turn exacerbates existing environmental issues.
Conclusion: In conclusion, today’s environmentally harmful ―throw-away society‖ is the result

of excessive advertising and technological advancement. Therefore, governments should counter
this problem by imposing stringent bans on disposable plastic products.
 Relocation to cities (problem-solution)

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving mainly
older people in the countryside.
Introduction: In contemporary society, younger generations are increasingly migrating to urban

areas. This phenomenon has led to lower living standards generally and a competitive job market
in large cities and the best solution to this is rural economic development.
Topic sentence 1: An increase in urban migration has resulted in poorer living conditions and
greater competition for limited employment positions.
Topic sentence 2: The aforementioned problems can be best countered by rural economic
development policies.
Conclusion: In conclusion, increasing urban populations have reduced standards of living in

cities and created more competitive labor markets. However, these pressing issues can be
effectively mitigated if governments implement initiatives to boost rural economies.
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VIII. Sports
 Sports and marketing (agree or disagree)
Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think this has a
Introduction: There has been growing controversy over large corporations promoting their
products through sporting events. In my opinion, though this enhances the spread of a given
sport, I agree that it is negative overall as it diverts focus away from the sports themselves.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, sport sponsorships help sports expand their influence
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, commodification also necessarily entails a reduction in
focus on the actual sport.
Conclusion: In conclusion, though sports sponsorships are an effective marketing strategy, I

contend that they result in less emphasis on the sports themselves. It is advisable for sporting
event organizers to choose wisely and limit sponsorships as much as possible.
 Role of sports in society (discussion)
Introduction: Some believe that sports play a crucial role in society while others consider them to
be merely recreational activities. In my opinion, though the primary goal of sports is
entertainment, they can also serve to promote relationships between nations.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, the majority of individuals play sports merely as a leisure
pastime.
Topic sentence 2: Nonetheless, I would argue that sports can greatly contribute to a more
peaceful world.
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the main purpose of sports being to entertain, I firmly hold
the view that they can also help to forge more harmonious relationships between nations.
Therefore, international sports events such as The Olympics or The World Cup should continue
to be held.
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IX. Technology
 The Internet and school (agree or disagree)
Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so much
from the internet and be educated at home.
Introduction: It is often argued that formal education is no longer essential as children nowadays
can acquire knowledge via the Internet at home. In my opinion, although online schooling is
more flexible, I agree that schools are still the indispensable foundation for quality education.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, proponents of online learning point to its flexibility.
Topic sentence 2: Nonetheless, formal education is crucial due to the value of teachers and one’s
peers.
Conclusion: To conclude, though homeschooling via the Internet is more flexible, I maintain that
schools are still of great necessity because they provide students with a comprehensive education
from qualified professionals and their peers. Governments should be mindful of this fact when
developing future educational policies.
 Modern electronics (two-part question)
and computers.
Why is this the case? What are some possible solutions?
Introduction: These days, many senior citizens find it hard to acclimate to the pervasive use of
electronic devices in society generally. The main cause of this is a lack of specialized knowledge
on their part and the best solution is to educate them.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, the elderly have difficulty in using modern technology because these
devices are fundamentally novel experiences.
Topic sentence 2: This contemporary problem can be best countered by educating the elderly on
the proper uses of technology.
Conclusion: In conclusion, seniors struggle to become familiar with modern technology mainly
because they do not understand how they operate and the optimal solution involves education. In
this way, old people might enjoy the modern benefits of smartphones and computers.
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X. Work
 Part-time jobs (advantages/disadvantages)
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part-time job in their free time.
Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
Introduction: Nowadays, many parents encourage their children to participate in hourly-paid

work. Personally, though this phenomenon may result in less engagement with school, it enables
students to develop a set of life skills which outweigh that particular disadvantage.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, opponents of part-time jobs worry about teenagers becoming distracted
from their studies.
Topic sentence 2: However, working part-time is a crucial opportunity for young students to
learn skills necessary for their future.
Conclusion: In conclusion, although part-time work can distract adolescents from their studies, I
am strongly of the opinion that it helps them develop essential life skills. Therefore, high
schoolers should attempt various jobs to better prepare themselves for the future.
 Working overtime (two-part question)
Many people today are working longer hours. Why is this happening? What problems can
this cause for people?
Introduction: The tendency to work longer hours is becoming increasingly common. In my

opinion, this is the consequence of competitive modern job markets and the resultant problems
relate to the deterioration of both physical and mental health.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, working additional hours is largely due to increased competition in
various industries.
Topic sentence 2: Furthermore, working overtime can adversely affect workers’ physical and
mental well-being.
Conclusion: To conclude, working longer hours is the result of a highly competitive job market
and this has detrimental repercussions on individuals’ health. Therefore, citizens should attempt
to achieve a more ideal work-life balance.
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XI. Internet
 Online shopping (discussion)
Some people claim that modern technology has made shopping today easier, while others
disagree.
Introduction: It is sometimes argued that technological advances have enhanced the current
consumer shopping experience. Although I agree with this statement, I would concede it has also
led to an increase in internet fraud.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, modern technology has improved customers’ shopping
experiences both online and offline.
Topic sentence 2: However, shopping online can naturally increase the possibility of cybercrime.
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite a wider range of choices and greater convenience, shoppers
may encounter potential dangers related to online fraud. Thus, consumers should be wary of the
information they provide when shopping.
 Online communication (advantages/disadvantages)
Online communication is becoming more common than face-to-face communication in

many companies.
Introduction: In contemporary society, it is becoming increasingly common for many

corporations to employ methods of virtual communication. Personally, I believe the drawbacks
of this phenomenon are overshadowed by its advantages, which include greater convenience and
cheaper costs.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, this trend contains definitive disadvantages relating to
weaker social connections and potential interruptions.
Topic sentence 2: Despite the valid arguments mentioned above, I would argue that online
communication is more beneficial both for employees and businesses.
Conclusion: In conclusion, while communicating online may weaken interpersonal relationships

between co-workers and can easily become inefficient, it is a positive overall because it is
convenient and cost-effective. Therefore, companies ought to adopt such communication
methods whenever feasible.
117
XII. Children and school
 Reading books or watching TV (agree or disagree)
Introduction: It is often argued that reading books is more beneficial for children compared to
watching television or playing computer games. Personally, I completely disagree with this
statement due to the benefits modern media confers in terms of education and cognitive
development.
Topic sentence 1: Firstly, electronic devices are powerful learning tools for children.
Topic sentence 2: In addition, watching TV or playing computer games can boost a child’s
cognitive abilities.
Conclusion: In conclusion, I firmly hold the view that watching TV or playing computer games
is advantageous for children since these are both great sources of learning that can enhance
cognitive development. Parents should allow their children ample time to engage with
technology.
 Local or world history (agree or disagree)
It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction: Many people believe that learning about local history is more essential than world
history. Personally, I totally disagree with this statement as they are equally important.
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, local history enables schoolchildren to develop a deep
understanding and connection with their ancestors.
Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, learning about world history aids individuals in attaining
cultural literacy on a global scale.
Conclusion: In conclusion, while domestic history helps citizens understand their forefathers,
international study gives them global cultural knowledge. Therefore, children should be
encouraged to learn both in equal measure.
118
119

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~ IELTS XUÂN PHI ~

1. Businesses Social Responsibility

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

5. Advertising New Products

1. Businesses Social Responsibility

Reasons for greater business Reasons against greater business

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Advantages of market predominant by Disadvantages of market predominant

Climate change reforms affects Climate change reforms as an

Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

5. Advertising New Products

Problems with claiming products are

1. Free access to university

3. Horticulture and domestication

Problems with an exemption of tuition

Reasons for compulsory full-time Reasons against compulsory full-time

3. Horticulture and domestication

Advantages of horticulture and animal Disadvantages of horticulture and

Becoming useful for society Achieve personal goals

Study of food science and preparation Other important subjects

1. Watching Live Events

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

4. Impacts of Video Games

Reasons to support live events Reasons against live events

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

Advantages of watching programs Disadvantages of watching programs

A ban on extreme sports Freedom to play any sports

4. Impacts Of Video Games

Problems of over-play computer games Solutions for over-play computer games

Advantages of independent movies Disadvantages of independent movies

2. Marine Natural Habitats

2. Marine Natural Habitats

Advantages of marine habitats Disadvantages of marine habitats

A car-free day Other effective methods

Problems of overpopulation in cities Solutions for overpopulation in cities

Reasons to support nuclear energy Reasons against nuclear energy

1. Public Health Promotion

2. Private Health Services

4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

5. Physical Activities in School

Public health promotion Treatment

2. Private Health Services

Advantages of medical care provided Disadvantages of medical care provided

Government ensure that their citizens

4. Overconsumption of Soft Drink

Reasons for an increase in soft-drink Solutions for an increase in soft-drink

5. Physical Activities in School

The advantages of physical exercises to Other alternatives to physical exercises.

1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

2. Learning Languages and Customs

4. Golden Age of Learning Language

5. The Prevalence of English

1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

Why computer is good for language The irreplaceable role of language

2. Learning Languages and Customs

Benefits of learning language and Obstacle of overseas travel in learning

Advantages of a global language Disadvantages of a global language

4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Advantages of learning a foreign Disadvantages of learning a foreign

Advantages of English language Disadvantages of English language

1. The Meaning behind Traditions

2. Fulltime working women

3. Economic Development and Social Values