UNIT 2: CLOTHING

GETTING STARTED – LISTEN AND READ

1. clothing
N Quần áo, y phục
=> modern clothing
2. tradictional dress N Trang phục truyền thống
3. poet N Nhà thơ
-> poetry
N Thơ, thơ ca
-> line(s) of poetry
-> poem N Bài thơ
4. musician N Nhạc sĩ
musical adj thuộc về âm nhạc
5. to mention V Nói đến , đề cập đến
6. to consist (of st) V Gồm, bao gồm
7. tunic
N áo dài và rộng (của phụ nữ)
-> a long silk tunic
8. to slit – slit – slit V Xẻ, cắt, rọc
-> slit N Đường xẻ, khe hở
9. loose Adj Rộng
-> # tight Adj Chật
10. to design V Thiết kế
-> design N Kiểu dáng thiết kế, hoạ tiết
-> designer N Nhà thiết kế
11. material N Vải, chất liệu, nguyên liệu
12. occasion N Dịp, cơ hội
13. convenient # inconvenient Adj
Tiện lợi, thích hợp
=>convenience N
14. fashion N Thời trang, mốt
=> fashionable Adj hợp thời trang
15. to print V In
16. modern Adj Hiện đại
-> modernize V Hiện đại hoá
=> modernization N Sự hiện đại hóa
17. inspiration N Cảm hứng, hứng khởi
-> to inspire V Truyền cảm hứng, gây cảm hứng
18. minority N Thiểu số
-> ethnic minority N Dân tộc thiểu số
19. symbol N Biểu tƣợng
-> symbolic Adj Có tính chất tƣợng trƣng
-> to symbolize V Là btƣợng của, có tc tƣợng trƣng
20. cross N Dấu chữ thập, dấu gạch ngang
21. stripe N
Sọc, vằn, viền Có sọc
=> striped Adj
22. pattern N Hoa văn, mẫu vẽ
23. unique Độc đáo, rất đặc biệt, duy nhất
Adj
=> unique dress Trang phục độc đáo
SPEAK- LISTEN
24. plaid N Loại vải carô (vải có hình ô vuông
-> plaid skirt N Váy carô
25. plain Adj Trơn (Không có hoa văn)
26. sleeve N Tay áo
=> sleeveless
=> sleeved (áo ) không có tay (áo ) có tay
Adj
=> short-sleeved (áo) tay ngắn (áo ) tay dài
=> long-sleeved
27. baggy Adj (quần áo) rộng thùng thình
28. to fade
V Bạc màu, phai màu
=> faded jeans
READ
Được đặt theo tên của ai
29. to be named after s.b
30. sailor N Thủy thủ
31. to wear out Làm mòn, làm rách (quần áo)
V
Hardly wear out Khó mòn, rách
32. style N Kiểu, kiểu dáng
33. to match V Hợp với, xứng với
34. to embroider V Thêu
=> embroidery Sự thêu thùa, vải thêu
N
=> embroidered jeans Quần jean thêu
35. label N/V Nhãn, nhãn hiệu / dán nhãn
36. to go up V Tăng, tăng lên
-> # to go down V Hạ, hạ xuống
37. worldwide Adj/adv Khắp nơi, khắp thế giới
38. economic Adj Thuộc kinh tế
 -> economy N Nền kinh tế
39. to grow –grew – grown V Tăng lên, lớn lên, phát triển
40. to encourage V Động viên, khuyến khích
-> encouragement N Sự động viên, sự khích lệ
41. proud of (sb/st) Adj Tự hào, hãnh diện
-> pride N Niềm tự hào, sự hãnh diện
42. to bear – bore – born V Mang, có
43. equal Adj Bình đẳng, bằng nhau
44. practical Adj Thiết thực
45. casual Adj (trang phục) không trang trọng
-> casual clothes N Thường phục
46. to constrain V Bắt ép, ép buộc
-> feel constrained to do st Bị buộc phải làm điều gì đó
47. freedom N Sự tự do, quyền tự do
-> free Adj Tự do, rảnh rỗi
48. self-confident Adj Tự tin
-> selt-confidence N Sự tự tin
UNIT 2 : CLOTHING

LANGUAGE FOCUS

A. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ( THÌ HTHT) :

1. Caùch chia :

+ Affirmative statements :

I / We / You / They + have + p.p (-ed/c3)

He / She / it + has + p.p (-ed/c3)

+ Negative statements:
I / We / You / They + have not + p.p (-ed/c3)

He / She / it + has not +p.p (-ed/c3)

+ Interrogative statements:
 Have + I / We / You / They + p.p (-ed/c3)
2. Caùch duøng:
Has + He / She / it + p.p (-ed/c3)
a. Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra ôû moät thôøi ñieåm khoâng xaùc ñònh trong quùa khöù

Ex: I have been to England.

b. Moät haønh ñoäng laëp ñi laëp laïi trong quùa khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh thôøi gian

Ex: I have seen that film many times.

c. Moät haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quùa khöù, vaãn tieáp tuïc ôû hieän taïi vaø chöa keát thuùc.

Ex: She has studied English for 5 years.

+ For + khoaûng thôøi gian : for 5 years

+ Since + moác thôøi gian : since 2004

d. Thöôøng ñi vôùi caùc cuïm töø chæ thôøi gian: already, just, recently, lately, still, yet, not…yet, ever,
never , since (mốc tg),for ( khoảng tg) so far/up to now, up to the present , until now, once/ twice/ three
times, several times, many times…

B. PASSIVE VOICE:

FORM*Caùch chuyeån : + Active S V O

The thief stole the car

+ passive The car was stolen by the thief

S be PP O

S + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED/ V3)

Các bước chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động để chuyển thành chủ ngữ
trong câu bị động.

Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động để chuyển động từ về thể bị
động (be + VpII) tương ứng. Động từ chia ở dạng số ít, hay số nhiều phụ
thuộc vào chủ ngữ câu bị động.

Bước 3: Chuyển chủ ngữ trong câu bị động thành tân ngữ trong câu chủ
động bằng cách thêm giới từ “by” phía trước.
Bước 4: Xác định vị trí đứng của trạng ngữ có trong câu chủ động

 Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: sau “by”

 Trạng ngữ chỉ địa điểm: trước “by”
Bước 5: Nếu đầu câu chủ động có “No” (nobody, no one,…), làm như các
bước trên rồi chuyển câu sang dạng phủ định.

Ví dụ:

They sell bread on the street yesterday.

(Hôm qua họ bán bánh mì trên phố)

Bread was sold on the street (by them) yesterday.

(Hôm qua bánh mì được bán trên phố).
Nobody visited Anna long time ago.
(Cách đây lâu rồi chẳng ai đến thăm Anna)

Anna wasn’t visited for a long time.

(Cach1 đây lâu rồi Anna chẳng được đến thăm).

Cách chuyển tương ứng với các thì trong tiếng Anh
Thì Câu chủ động Câu bị động

S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + V3/ed + (by + O)

Hiện tại đơn
She writes a letter. A letter is written by her.

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + V3/ed + (by + O)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn
She’s writing a letter. A letter is being written by her.

S + have/ has + VpII + O S + have/ has + been + V3/ed + (by + O)

Hiện tại hoàn thành
She has written a letter. A letter has been written by her.

S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O S + have/ has + been + being + V3/ed + (

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
She has been writing a letter. A letter has been being written by her.

Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed + O S + was/were + V3/ed + (by + O)

 She wrote a letter A letter was written by her.

S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + V3/ed + (by + O)

Quá khứ tiếp diễn
She was writing a letter. A letter was being written by her.

S + had + VpII + O S + had + been + V3/ed + (by O)

Quá khứ hoàn thành
She had written a letter. A letter had been written by her.

S + had + been + V-ing + O S + had + been + being + V3/ed + (by + O

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
She had been writing a letter. A letter had been being written by her.

S + will + V(inf) + O S + will + be + V3/ed + (by O)

Tương lai đơn
She will write a letter. A letter will be written by her.

S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + V3/ed + (by O)

Tương lai tiếp diễn
She will be writing a letter. A letter will be being written by her.

S + will + have + VpII + O S + will + have + been + V3/ed + (by O)

Tương lai hoàn thành
She will have written a letter. A letter will have been written by her.

S + will + have + been + V-ing + O S + will + have +been + being + V3/ed +

Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn
She will have been writing a letter. A letter will have been being written by he

S + am/is/are going to + V(inf) + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed I +

Tương lai gần
She is going to write a letter. A letter is going to be written by her.

Modals S+ modals +V1 S + modals + be + V3/ed

She can speak English English can be spoken.
Một số lưu ý khi chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động

 Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu bị động không xác định (they, somebody, someone,
anyone, people,…) thì có thể lược bỏ trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:

Someone has took my umbrella

(Ai đó cầm cái ô của tôi rồi)
My umbrella has been taken.
(Cái ô của tôi bị ai cầm rồi)

 Giới từ “by” được dùng với chủ thể trực tiếp thực hiện hành động. Giới từ
“with” được dùng để chỉ công cụ, phương tiện, nguyên liệu để thực hiện hành
động.
Ví dụ:

Papers were cut by my sister.

(Giấy được cắt bởi em gái tôi).

Papers were cut with scissors

(Giấy được cắt bằng kéo)

 Nếu câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ, chọn tân ngữ mà chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh
làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:

He gave her some flowers yesterday

(Hôm qua anh ấy tặng tôi mấy bông hoa)

 She was given some flowers by him

(Cô ấy được anh ấy tặng cho mấy bông hoa)
Hoặc

Some flowers were given to her by him

(Mấy bông hoa được tặng cho cô bởi anh ấy)

I. Pronunciation:

1. A. clear B. fear C. hear D. wear

2. A. clothing B. cloth C. grow D. most

3. A. show B. flower C. power D. tower

4. A. chair B. match C. watch D. machine

5. A. enough B. plough C. cough D. laugh

II. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence:
1.The national dress of Japanese women is _____ (ao dai/kimono/ jeans/sari)

2.Nguyen Du is considered a famous Vietnamese ________ (poem/poetry/poet/ poetic)

3.The Ao dai is the _______dress of Vietnamese women.(baggy/beautiful/casual/traditional)

4.He was a _______. He had a large of musical instruments.(poet/writer/ musician/ sailor)

5.It’s not _________to call anyone at night.(equal/convenient /difficult/economic)

6._______have fashion designers done to modernize the Ao dai ?( How/Why/What/ Where)

7.What will you _______at her birthday party?(change/grow/put/wear)

8.Young ______is fond of wearing Jeans.(generation/inspiration/ women/ students)

9.In the 18th century jean cloth was mad completely from _____(material/silk/cotton/wool)

10._____want to change the traditional Ao dai.(Vietnamese women/Young workers/ College students/

Fashion designers)

III. Supply the correct word form:

1. These clothes look very modern and ______________________. (fashion)

2. He always wears a _____________________shirt. (stripe)
3. Many designers have taken _____________________from Vietnam’s ethnic minorities.(inspire)
4. _____________________the Ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women.(tradition)
5. What is your ______________________type of clothing? (favor)
6. Some young people today have a very strange _____________________. (appear)
7. He is a very famous ______________________. (music)
8. Some designers have ________________the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it.(modern)
9. The _____________________of jeans stopped growing. (sell)
10. I don’t like wearing a ______________________sweater. (sleeve)
IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

1. He ________________________in an apartment in District 5 for ten years. (live)

2. Millions of Christmas cards ________________________last year. (send)

3. Wearing uniforms helps students _________________equal in many ways. (feel)

4. Rice ______________________in tropical countries. (grow)

5. You ______________________dinner yet? (eat)

6. I __________________________English since I graduated from university. (teach

7. It’s dangerous ________________________in this river. (swim)

8. I ________________________to her party last night. (invite)

9. Water can’t ________________________here. (find)

 10. She hates _________________________at. (laugh)

V. Change the following sentences into the Passive:

1. My sister gave me a new pair of jeans on my fifteenth birthday.

_________________________________________________________________

2. The workers are building a supermarket on our street.

_________________________________________________________________

3. The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day.

_________________________________________________________________

4. They have sold their car to pay their debt.

_________________________________________________________________

5. We are going to grow flowers in the garden.

_________________________________________________________________

6. You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress.

_________________________________________________________________

7. Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency.

_________________________________________________________________

8. Did people make jeans two hundred years ago?

_________________________________________________________________

9. We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts.

_________________________________________________________________

10. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.
________________________________________________________________

VI. READING: Levi's Blue Jeans

Do you enjoy wearing Levi's blue jeans? Blue jeans have become popular all over the world, but do
you know how they got started? Read on to find out...

Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and emigrated to the United States as a young man.
He lived in New York City and learned the dry-goods business for several years. In 1853 he took his
knowledge and his dreams to San Francisco (California., USA.) His dream to succeed came true over
the next 20 years as he became a very successful businessman.

Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners. They needed clothing that was strong and
durable. Strauss found a special fabric from France that was comfortable and lasted a long time. It was
called "serge de Nimes," which was later shortened to the word denim.
Another man named Jacob Davis bought large amounts of the denim fabric from Levi Strauss. He was a
tailor who made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was continually tearing the pockets
off his pants. So Jacob Davis decided to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them stronger.
The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends, and soon Jacob Davis was busy
making lots of pants with rivets.

Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea, and he didn't want anybody to
steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a poor tailor, he didn't have
enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over, he went to the businessman Levi Strauss and
told him his idea. He said, "If you agree to pay for the patent, we will share the profits from the riveted
pants." Levi Strauss did agree, and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss and Company.
Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever, and Levi's name continues to live on.

True or False. Check your answers below

1. Levi Strauss was born in 1853.

2. Levi Strauss wanted to become a great businessman.

3. Levi Strauss sewed pants in his business.

4. Jacob Davis sewed pants in his business.

5. Jacob David used denim to make pants.

6. Jacob Davis put rivets in pants because they looked good.

7. Levis strauss didn’t want to pay for Jacob Davis’s patent.

8. Levis strauss and jacob David became business patners.