FIRST AID

FIRST AID

• Ang paunang lunas[1][2][3] o first aid ay ang pagbibigay ng

pangunahing magagawang tulong, kalinga, at pangangalaga sa
mga taong napinsala ng sakuna o karamdaman.
 MGA LAYUNIN

Ang 3 pangunahing mga layunin ng paunang tulong-panlunas, na

mas kilala bilang 3 P (tatlong P) ang mga sumusunod:[4]
1.Pagpapanatili ng buhay (Ingles: Preserve life)
2.Pag-iwas mula sa pagkakaroon ng mga dagdag na
pinsala o pag-iwas sa paglala ng kapinsalaan o
karamdaman (Ingles: Prevent further injury or illness)
3.Pagtataguyod sa paggaling (Ingles: Promote recovery
 FIRST AID KIT

• Ang first aid kit ay dapat na naglalaman ng mga sumusunod:

• 1. Antiseptic. Importante ito para sa paglilinis ng sugat upang maiwasan ang impeksyon na
siyang maaaring magpapalala sa problema.
• 2. Bandaids at gauze pads. Nakatutulong ito sa paggagamot sa sugat. Mas mabuting bumili
ng maramihan na may iba’t ibang sizes. Para naman sa guaze pad bumili ng malaking size, maaari
naman itong gupitin depende sa sukat ng sugat. Mas matipid ito dahil maitatago pa ang hindi
magagamit.
• 3. Malinis na gunting at tweezers. Panggupit at pangtanggal ng salubsob o ng stingers at
hang nails.
• 4. Ace bandages. Magagamit ito sa sprains at breakages.
• 5. Instant Cold at Hot Pack. Nagagamit ito sa sprains, bruises, at bumps para mabawasan
ang pamamaga.
6. Adhesive tape. Ginagamit sa pagdidikit o paglalagay ng
gauze at ma-secure ang ilang bandages.
7. Gloves. Upang maiwasan ang impeksyon. Mas mainam
din na maghugas ng kamay bago hawakan o galawin ang sugat
ng pasyente.
8. Alcohol bilang disinfectant.
9. Analgesic at aspirin o ibuprofen. Ang analgesic ay bilang
pain reliever. Samatalang magagmit sa lagnat ang aspirin.
10. Siguraduhin ding may listahan ng mga hotline o mga
maaaring tawagan sa oras ng aksidente o sakuna lalo na ngayon
na ganap ng tag-ulan.
 COMMON INJURIES IN THE COMMUNITY

I. Minor Wounds
II.Fainting
III.Nosebleed
IV.Muscle sprain and strain
V.Fracture
VI.Burns
VII.Rabies
 MINOR WOUNDS

Classification: Closed wound and Open Wound

Closed wound
• Contusion- more commonly known as bruises, caused by a blunt force trauma
that damages tissue under the skin.
• Strained Muscles- Over-stretching of muscles that have not been sufficiently
warmed-up (could be called "cold" muscles).
• Sprained Ligament- Sudden force causing joint to move beyond its natural range
of movement e.g. to break one's fall at speed during an activity such as ice-
skating.
 OPEN WOUND

• Pakasugat o hiwa (cuts)

• Ito ang isa sa pinakamdalas na aksidenteng nangyayari sa isang tao lalo na sa mga bata. Maaari
silang magkaroon ng hiwa sa paglalaro. Pwedeng simpleng hiwa lang na hindi naman agad na
kailangan ng atensyong medical ngunit kung may kalakihan ay dapat itong bigyan ng pansin.
• Treatment:
1. Control bleeding.
-Direct pressure
-Elevation
2. Prevent further contamination of the wound (wound dressing & bandaging)
3. Immobilize the injured part.
4. Stabilize any impaled object.
 SPECIFIC FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS FOR STAB WOUND
TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY

1.Chest: place a plastic bag over the wound and tape

only three sides to allow air to escape from one
side of the bandage while preventing air to enter
the pleural cavity.
2.Limbs: First stop bleeding by applying direct
pressure to the wound. Ensure that the stab wound
is elevated above the level of the heart to minimize
blood loss.
 FAINTING

caused by a sudden fall in the supply of

blood to their brain that results in the
temporary loss of consciousness
 FAINTING

Treatment:
1.Lay the person flat on the ground. Elevate the legs to
coax more blood into your brain.
2.If person is on chair, push his head down between his
knees.
3.Loosen tight clothing.
4.Avoid crowding the patient.
 NOSEBLEED

Treatment
1. Stay calm. Most nosebleeds can be treated at home.
2. Sit down and slightly lean forward.
3. Lean forward so the blood will drain out of your nose instead of down the back
of your throat. Do not lean back, you may swallow the blood. This can irritate
your stomach.
4. Use your thumb and index finger to squeeze together the soft portion of your
nose for at least 5 minutes. If it is still bleeding, hold it again for another 5-10
minutes.
5. Once the bleeding stops, do not do anything that may make it start again, such
as bending over or blowing your nose.
 FRACTURE

A broken bone can cause one or more of the following signs

and symptoms:
• intense pain in the injured area that gets worse when you
move it
• numbness in the injured area
• bluish color, swelling, or visible deformity in the injured area
• bone protruding through the skin
• heavy bleeding at the injury site
 FRACTURE

Treatment
• Stop any bleeding: If they’re bleeding, elevate and apply pressure to the wound using a
sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing.
• Immobilize the injured area: If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in their neck or back,
help them stay as still as possible. If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in one of their limbs,
immobilize the area using a splint or sling.
• Apply cold to the area: Wrap an ice pack or bag of ice cubes in a piece of cloth and apply
it to the injured area for up to 10 minutes at a time.
• Treat them for shock: Help them get into a comfortable position, encourage them to rest,
and reassure them. Cover them with a blanket or clothing to keep them warm.
• Get professional help: Call 911 or help them get to the emergency department for
professional care.