- i i

" i i-
i i. i i i i ii i i ii i. . i ii "- i".
i i, i i i
i i i .
i :
i i ii , i
i. i
ii, ii i.
i i i ,
, i , i
i i i i i.
i , i i i i, i . i
i , i , i ii, i
ii . i i
i i i. i
.
i , i i. i i
i, i.
i . i .
ii TEX i.
i i i i i
TEMPUS PROJECT IB-JEP-25054-2004.

 1
i i ii
i , i i i ; i
ii i .
i i i . , ,
ii ,
=

1
.
1+i

i i i , i i. i i i i i ii m i i i(m) :
i(m) = m((1 + i)1/m 1).
= lim i(m) () i m

, i i i. i :
e = 1 + i.
i , i
i, , ii
.
d i ,
d=

i
= 1 .
1+i

d(m) i i ,
m i i, i d. i
1
d(m)

1
1
+
.
m i(m)

ii i i 1.
i 0, i ( i ), i a
| :
a
| = 1 + + 2 + ... =
4

1
1
= .
1
d

 i ii ,
i ( i ). i a |
i i
a | = + 2 + ... =

1
= .
1
i

ii , 1/m m i i.
i i ( 1/m i
(m)
0), i a
| i
i

1
1
1
1
1
1
(m)
a
| :=
+ 1/m + 2/m + ... =
= (m) .
m m
m
m 1 1/m
d
i ii ( 1/m i
(m)
1/m), i a | i

1 1/m 1 2/m
1
1/m
1
1
a(m)

+...
=
=
= (m) .
:=
1/m
1/m
|
m
m
m 1
m((1 + i)
1)
i
ii i i
i, n.
i n i 1,
0,
1 n
.
d
I i u, n i r1 , ..., rn . rk i k , k = 1, ..., n. z
i
n
X
u=
rk ezk .
a
n| = a
| n a
| =

k=1

i (i ii)
i = ez 1.

i
1. i i i j. i i i
i. i 1 i i . i i ii i. i
5,89. i j.
5

2. i i 1 + k, (1 + k)2 i . .,
i . ii i 4 % i
i 51. k.
3. , , i
:
) i i i, 120 i i i;
) i i i, i i
n i i i 365,47 ;
) i n i i i
17866,32 ;
) i X.
X.
4. i i i i 15000. i 31 1999 . i.
X, 1 i 1990 .
i 6 %. i i i
1 i 1999 . X.
5. i 100000 . i
i 12 %, . i
i ii X, i 2X, i 3X i ..
i, i i i.
X.
6. 100
10 i. 10 i i X
i. ii.
) X ii i 10 %;
) i X i i i, i i i 1
21 %.
7. , 8 %
100000, , 9 %. i i . i
X, i 10 i i.
i 300000. X.
6

8. ,
i(m) d(m) =

i(m) d(m)
.
m

9. ,
d < d(2) < d(3) < ... < < i(3) < i(2) < i

i(m) d(n)

i2
.
min(m, n)

10. i i
15 000. i 31 2009 . i ii
X, 2X, 3X..., 1 i 2000 ., i .
i i 5 %. i
i 1 i 2009 . X.
11. 200 i i i. ii i i. i
i 5000. i.
12. i i n i ii r = 1, 0. ,
n| ,
a n| < a n| < a
i > 0.
13. , i1 > i2 > 0, i n a n| (i1 )/n
a n| (i1 )/a n| (i2 ) .
14. 208 i, 100
i 108,15 i i . i
i ?
15. 10000
ii. i 3 %,
i:
a) i i i 300 i;
) , i 900 i,
.
7

 i i i
? t N , i i
?
16. 10000. ,
i i 7 %.
i i .
, i ie i 1 % i . i i?
17. i :
) 5000 1 2004 .;
) 3000 1 2007 .;
) 2000 1 2008 .;
) 8000 1 i 2010 .
i i i 5 %.
1 i 2003 .
18. i i i i. i :
) i 12 i;
) i i ii i 1200 ii i.
, i ii ii , i i 1,2 %
i. i ii ii i 6,3 % i.
i ?
19. j i 1 i i
i, i , ii .
20. i r1 , ..rn , i i t1 , ..tn ,
ii.

 2
i i
Ii i x (x), i
T T (x). , x + T i,
.
i T i
i
G(t) = P (T < t), t 0.
, i G i T ii i
g(t) = G0 (t).
Iii , ii (x) t i,
t qx ,
t qx

:= G(t),

ii , ii i x i t i
t px

:= 1 G(t).

Iii , ii (x) s i i i i
t i,
s|t qx

:= P (s < T < s + t) = G(s + t) G(s) =s+t qx s qx .

ii , ii (x) t i i i x + s,
t px+s

:= P (T > s + t|T > s) =

1 G(s + t)
.
1 G(s)

ii , (x) t i i i x + s,
t qx+s

:= P (T s + t|T > s) =

G(s + t) G(s)
.
1 G(s)

i i ii ii x
i E(T ),

ex =

tg(t)dt .
0

 i ii (x) i x + t
x (t) := x+t :=

g(t)
d
= ln(1 G(t)).
1 G(t)
dt

i i , T ii i i i 0 i x,
1
g(t) = x
0<t< -x. i i
x+t =

1
, 0 < t < x.
xt

, i i i:
x+t = Bcx+t , t > 0
B i c i, B > 0, c 1.

x+t = A + Bcx+t , t > 0,
A, B, c i, A > 0, B 0, c 1.
K = [T ] (i T ) ii i ii (x),
. i K
P (K = k) = P (k T < k + 1) = k px qx+k .
i K i i (x) i i
ex =

P (K k) =

k=1

k px .

k=1

S i, (x) , T = K + S.
Iii i x s(x).

i
1. i, t px = 100xt
100x , x i [0, 100), t i [0, 100 x]. 45 .
10

2. i, t px = 1
E(T (x)).

t 1,5
,
100

x = 60, t (0, 100).

1
3
+ 105t
, t [0, 85).
3. i, x+t = 85t

1+x
4. i, t px = 1+x+t
, t 0. e41 .

20 px .

5. i, x+t , t [0, 1), qx = 0, 16.

t, t px = 0, 95.
6. i, :
a) i i x+t , t [0, 1), qx = 0, 05.
) i x+t c, t [0, 1), qx = 0, 07.
c.
7. ex :
i x
75
76
77

ex
10,5
10
9,5

ii i 75 i 77 i.
8. i i , i E(T (16)) = 36. D(T (16)).
9. i i : , i i. ,
, i i x , x [0, w),
c x , c>1, x [0, w).
ii , , , i, i , .
10. i:
1) s1 (x) = ex0,7(2
2

3) s3 (x) = ex ;

1)

2) s2 (x) =

1
(1+x)2 ;

4) s4 (x) =

2000010xx2
20000

i ?
11. i ii ,
ii i (0, 2). ii i
?
11

12. i ii (t, r 0):

1)

t+r px

r px+t ;

2) r qx+t t|r qx ;
3) s(x) ii , i T (x)

i ex ?
13. :
1) x = (1 + x)3 , x 0;
11
11 2
6 x+ 8 x
n1 x/2

2) s(x) = 1
3) g(x) = x

7 3
24 x , 0

x 0,

x 3;

n 1?

14. i
x = cx ,

, c = const, x > 0.

ii i (s), (y), (z) :

(s), i (y) i i (z)?
15.
x =

Acx
,
1 + Bcx

x > 0.

1) s(x).
2) , i i i i
x =

log log c log A

.
log c

16. (x) i, t qx = kt, k . x+t

i k.
17. s(x) =
17 p19 ,

100x
,0
10

15 q36 ,

x 100, :

15|13 q36 ,

36 ,

e36 .

18. , K i S i i i, s qx+k /qx+k

i k s [0, 1].
19. g(t) = cect , t 0, c > 0. ET, DT , i T .
20. 1000 qx . ex
i .

12

 3
i
i E(Z) i
-i ( ) .
i 1 ii i.
-i i
Ax := E( K+1 ) =

k+1 k px qx+k .

k=0

, 1 i i
i n i, i i n.
-i i
n1
X

A1x: n| :=

k+1 k px qx+k .

k=0

i n i 1, i n i. i i
1
Ax: n|
:= n n pk .

1 i, T.
-i i
Z
t t px x+t dt.

Ax =
0

i , ii
i K + 1. -i
i
(IA)x :=

(k + 1) k+1 k px qx+k .

k=0

ii i n i
(IA)1x: n| = Ax + 1| Ax + ... + n1| Ax n n| Ax .
13

i
1. i, :
) = 0, 1;
) s(x) = 1 x/100, x [0, 100],
s(x) i , ,
x.
50000 A30 .
2. i s(x) i , i i. i
i. i i i 50000 i
50 i.
3. i Z1 , ii i i n i, i i x. Z2 , ii
n i. I , i i 1. i, D(Z2 ) = 0, 01, E(Z2 ) = 0, 04,
n = 0, 3, n px = 0, 8.
D(Z1 ).
4. i i 50 i. i,
i ii = 100.
i i (i i
i ) i = 0, 01. i ct = 100 0, 01 t2 . i .
5. i, :
) s(x) = e0,02x i , x 0;
) = 0, 04;
) i i Z = T .
i y.
i Z.
6. i i x 1 ii i. i, qx = 0, 5, i = 0, D(Z) =
0, 1771, Z i .
qx+1 .
14

7. i x. i.

t/5000, t [0, 100]

g(t) =
0, t
/ [0, 100]
ii i . = 0, 1.
i 50. i i .
8. i i x:
t
0
1
2

3
2
1

qx+1
0,2
0,25
0,5

= 0, 9. i ii i. i . ii , i i
, i ?
(IA)x A1

9. ,

x: 1

(IA)x+1 +Ax+1

= p x .

10. i, Ax: n| = u, A1x: n| = y, Ax+n = z. Ax i i u, y, z.

11. , i i ii i ii. D( T ) i
.
12. , i. i, E( 2T ) = 0, 25. i i E( T ).
13. i 100 i i x. , i
i i 10 %. 1000
i . iii 0,95
. i, Ax = 0, 06, Ax , ii
2 , i 0,01. . , i
i i , i i
i.
14. i 1000 i x
i n 650. i i
i i n,
700. i , i ?
15

15. , i i , :
S;
i i, i 1000;
, i i i, i .
, 21 % i, i i i 10 %, i
11 %, S.
16. i ii :
300000 , 350000 , 400000 . i i i i
6 % i ,
qx+k = 0, 02(k + 1),

k = 0, 1, 2.

i ?
17. i ii
100000 ii i. i,
ii . i = 5 %,
" #
2
t
p
=
exp

,
t x

= 1, 5 , , i = 2 . i i i i.
i?
18. i = 120
i. i i 15 %.
(40) i :
) i ;
) i ;
) i ;
) i , i ;
) i .

16

i ii 1, . i 0, 1, ..., K. -i i
a
x =

k k px .

k=0

-i ii i
1 = d
ax + Ax .
-i i , i n i,

a
x: n| =

n1
X

k k px .

k=0

i ii 1, 2, . . . , K,
i -i ii
ax = a
x 1.
-i i m i io
i 1
x
m| a

= m px m a
x+m ,

x
m| a

=a
x a
x: m| .

, i 1/m i m i i, 0, 1/m, 2/m, . . . , i x , -i

a
x(m) =

1
1
(m) A(m)
x .
d(m)
d

(m) =

di
(m)
d i(m)

(m) =

a
(m)
= (m)
ax (m).
x
17

i i(m)
d(m) i(m)

 i m .
t i r(t), i
Z
t r(t)t px dt.

E(Y ) =
0

i
1. i (). i: = 0, 9,
t
0
1
2

2
3
4

px+t
0.8
0.75
0.5

i i .
2. ,

a n| +
n px d

n1
X

(1 k+1 )k px qx+k = 1 Ax: n| .

k=0

3. i, i = 0, 03
x
72
73
74
75

a
x
8,06
7,73
7,43
7,15

p73 .
4. i = 0, 1.
i, i i 1. ii ,
i 4.
18

5. i, :
) = 0;
+
R
)
t t px dt = g;
0

) D(
a T | ) = h.
E(T ) i g i h.
6. i, > 0 : E(
a T | ) = 10, 2 = 2: E(
a T | ) = 7, 375.

: D(
a T | ) = 50. Ax .
7. :
(I
a)x a
x: 1|
(I
a)x+1 + a
x+1

= ax: 1| .

)x = E(Y ),
8. i, (I n| a
(
Y =

a) , 0 T < n ,
(I
T|

(I
a) n| + n(n| a
T n| ), T n ,

x = 0, 04, = 0, 06. n
(I n| a
)x .
(
a
K+1| , 0 K < n ,
9. i, a
x: n| = EY , Y =
a
n| , K n .

,
DY =

M (2) M 2 ()
,
d2

M (u) = Eeumin(K+1,n) .
10. i 1 (x) i Y. i, a
x = 10 i = e 1 = 1/24, a
x = 6 i = e2 1.
DY.
11. i (45) i 100 i. i = 10 %. i i
i i 1000 ?
12. i i 150000 i (x), . , i . i , i
19

 500000 , i i .
i, i = 5 % i i

(0, 7)t , 0 t < 5, 5 ,

t px =
0, t 5, 5 .
i ?
13. i, x = 0, 06, t > x, i 4 %.
ii , a
Tx | > a
x .
14. i (x) i ii 1.
i, = 0, 06 i

0, 01, 0 t < 5 ,
x (t) =
0, 02, t 5 .
i i ?
41 = 6, 951. a
40 .
15. i, i = 0, 05, q40 = 0, 01, a
i a
41 , q40 60 %?
16. i (x), ,
i i i i 30. Ii i ,
, ii i. i = e0,04 1. i
i . ii ii a
Tx | .
17. ii 70 i i
ii i:
100 i 30 40 i;
200 i 40 50 i;
500 i 50 60 i;
1000 i 60 70 i.
(m)

x
18. a
(m) i i 3 .

= (m)
ax + (m), (m)

19. i Ax () a
x () i
Ax (i ), i = 1, 2, 1 < < 2 .
20. i i i i .

20

 5
-i
i L i i i i i i. i -i ( i) i,
ii ii E(L) = 0.
i i u(x) u0 (x) > 0 i u00 (x) < 0
i i x .
i i i -i
iii E(u(L)) = u(0).
i i 1, i -i,
Px =

Ax
.
a
x

i n ( 1 ii i). i -i

1
Px:
n| =

A1x: n|
a
x: n|

i -i i
1
Px: n|
=

1
Ax: n|

a
x: n|

i -i
Px: n| =

Ax: n|
,
a
x: n|

1
1
Px: n| = Px:
n| + Px: n| .

i -i m i i i ,
(m)

Px: n| =

Ax: n|
(m)

a
x: n|

i
1. i, P25: 20| = 0, 064, A45 = 0, 64 i i i, i 20 i, , i
21

 ii i,
1
P25:
.
20|

20 P25

= 0,046. -

2. 1 ii i (x). i G ,
.
L , G = Px ;
L , G , EL = 0, 2;
DL = 0, 3. DL .
3. i (x): i . d = 0, 08.
i , ii
i. L .

4
6

i
0,18
0,22

DL
3,25

DL .
4. i 20- i.
i (x)
10000 ii i. i i i, ii i i 10000 i. , i i

10 000Ax
.
20
d
(1 + 2 )
ax: 20| (1v 2 20 px )
5. i i, i i n i,
, i ii i n Px . n Px d, Ax Ax: n| .
6. i (x) ii i bj = 1000(1, 06)j . i , .
i, i = 0, 06; 1000 Px = 10. i .
7. i, i = 0, 1;

a30: 9| = 5, 6;

1
1000 P30:
.
10|

22

v 10 10 p30 = 0, 35.

8. i 1 ii
i. L i i. i
i ii.
i, qx = 0, 1; qx+1 = 0, 2; v = 0, 9. DL.
9. i (30) 20-
i 1, 30 i.
i ii C i 30 i.
i = 0, 045, x = 0, 0005 + 104+0,04x . C.
10. i, i (x):
1) i i ii,
i;
2) bt = (1 + i)t , i i , t i .
i L, ii, :
)

x
Tx A
x ;
1A

) ( Tx

) ( Tx Ax )(1 Ax );
Tx

Ax )(1 + Ax );
) +Ax ?

x
Tx A
x ;
1+A

1+Ax

11. (35) i i, 65 i. i 10000 i. i R

ii i,
i i. R.
12. i i R, i i i i i i.
13. i, P35: 20| = 0, 42;

20 P35

= 0, 0299;

A55 = 0, 6099. -

1
P35:
.
20|
(4)

1
3
1
, P30:
,
14. P30: 20 P30: 20| = 40
= 200
20|
|
d = 0, 04, i.

20 P30

= 0, 02,

15. (x) 1, i
n i, ii i . i , .
n i, t i , i.
i i.
23

16. , :
) P (Ax ) > x , i i i;
) P (Ax ) = 1 , = 0;
ex

) P (A40: 25| ) P (2) (A40: 25| ) P (4) (A40: 25| ) P (12) (A40: 25| )
P (A40: 25| ).
17. i 5 %, P (Ax ) = 0, 03 . i, i i i,
50 000.
18. i (30) 1000
ii i. i 20 i
i . i, i = 5 %; l30 = 96307; l54 = 87621.
ii , ?
19. (x) C, i n i, C/2, i i.
ii i ii
n i. i.
20. i (x)
i S. i ,
i i ( ) P . i
ii "i
i i":
P (L > 0) = P (L < 0) = 0, 5 ,
L . , i , i i i, i
ii.
21. (x) i
1 ii i. i, px = 0, 75; px+1 = 0, 8 i
i, ii i
, 0,95. i i .

22. i i U (x) = C + x.
C. ,
i i i i
i i -i.

24

 6
-i
t L i t i i i i i i. i t t V i
i t L T > t.
-i ii k- , i ,
kV =

ck+j+1 j+1 j px+k qx+k+j

j=0

k+j j j px+k ,

j=0

cj j- i i i i, i i 0 , 1 , 2 , . . . , k, i 0, 1, 2, . . . , k.
i -i ii k-

Px
V
=
1

Ax+k ,
k x
Px+k
a
x+k
.
a
x
k + u (k i, 0 < u < 1) i :

1u
1u
u
1u
(k V + k )(1 + i) + 1
.
k+u V =
k+1 V
1 uqx+k
1 uqx+k
k Vx

=1

i
c(t) i i t t 0. i t
Z
Z
h
V (t) = c(t + h) h px+t x+t+h dh (t + h) h h px+t dh.
0

i
s (t) = V 0 (t) V (t)
i
r (t) = (c(t) V (t))x+t .
i i i:
(t) + V (t) = V 0 (t) + r (t).

25

i
1. i, :
)

10 V25

= 0, 1 ;

10 V35

= 0, 2.

20 V25 .

2. i :
k
0
1
2

ck+1
2
3
4

qx+k
0,2
0,25
0,5

i 1 , (x)
. , i -i i i. i, i = 1/9.
-i , 0 V = 0.
3. i 2 D1 .
4. i, i = 0, 06, qx = 0, 65, qx+1 = 0, 85, qx+2 = 1.
i 1. 1 Vx .
5. i (x)
1000 . i, 1000 i -i i .
i, :

k
0
1
2

qx+k
0,1
0,11

ck+1
1000+1 V
2000

kV

0
1000

) i = 0, 1.
1 V .
6. i 20 i. i, :
)

23 V15

= 0, 585 ;

24 V15

= 0, 6 ;

) i = 4 %.
p38 .
26

7. i (x)
ii i. i, :
a) Px = 4/11 ;
) t Vx = 0, 5 ;
) a
x+t = 1, 1.
i.
8. (60) 1000 1 1998 .
i, q70 = 0, 033; 10 V60 1000 = 231, 14; 11 V60 1000 = 255, 4;
1000 P60 = 33, i = 6 %. i,
-i 31 2008 .
9. i, :
k

a
k|

k1| qx

1
2
3
4

1
1,93
2.795
3,6

0,33
0,24
0,16
0,11

2 Vx: 4| .
10. i (75) 1000
i. i i
= 105. i, ii i
k = 0 (1, 05)k , k = 0, 1, . . .
i = 5 % . -i ii .
11. (x) i 1500 i
i i. i, i = 0, 05, -i
i n- 205 , n 1 i i 179,
a
= 16, 2. 1000qx+n1 .
12. (20) i 1000. 11
i , i i 0,01 i. 11- i -i
81,54, i, , i
0,008427. i , i
i i?
27

13. 1 2002 . i 1000 i i i 1,8. ii

i i i 240 31 i 2016 .,
260 31 i 2017., i i i i 31 i 2016 .; 31 i 2017 .; 30
2016 .; 20 2016 .?
14. i i i T0 , i i 90
99 i
0, 52
qy0 = qy
.
a
y+1
i 4 %. i i
101 i. i,
t V90

0
,
= t V90

0 t 10.

a
0100 .
15. i ii i . i
ii:
) k V (Ax: n| ) = i k V x: n| ;

i
V
k
x;

(A1x: n| ) = i k V 1x: n|

) k V (Ax ) =
) k V

16.
(m)

(m)

(m)
15 V40 :

(m)

a55 ;
) (P55 P40 )
) (1
) 1

(m)

P40

(m)

P55
(m)

a
55

(m)

a
40

)A55 ;

17. i 4000 ii
i, i ii 743 .
i 10 %, -i
i i 1 V = 169. i .
18. (35) i ii 1, 10 i. i
28

 . i i 85 i. -i
i , i ?
19. i n i S.
i i ii . i 2/3 -i .
) i i i t V . i i
?
) t V, t [0, n).
) i ii .
20. i 9 -i.
i -i, i 30 i k- ?
k = 0, 5; k = 1.
21. :
) ii 1 m i i
i, ii i n i i ;
) , n,
;
) i ii 1, n + m,
.
-i, -i. i i i.
22. i n i
i x. ii i i ,
i i . i . :
) -i;
) i ;
) i .

29

i i ii x. T i i m
(), i
i 1 m. : i T
i J.
i i ii g1 (t), ..., gm (t)
g(t) = g1 (t) + ... + gm (t),
P (J = j|T = t) =

t qj,x

t qj,x+s

gj (t)
.
g(t)

:= P (T < t, J = j),

:= P (T < s + t, J = j|T > s).

ii (x) ii x + t j
gj (t)
gj (t)
=
.
1 G(t)
t px

j,x (t) := j,x+t :=

i
x+t := 1,x+t + ... + m,x+t .
cj (T ) i i,
-i
m Z
X

E(Z) =

cj (t) t gj (t)dt.

j=1 0

i
1. i , ii i ii 0,1 i i 0,5 . Iii i 0,3
i i 0,2 .
30

) i i iii, i ii
i 180?
) i i iii, i ii
i, i , 800?
2. . i, 1,x+t = 0, 01; 2,x+t = 0, 02, t 0.
q1,x.
3. i,
j,x+t =

j
,
150

j = 1, 2, 3; t > 0.

E(T |J = 3).
4. , i :
) 3000, i i
i;
) 2000, i i i;
) 1000, i.
i, 1,x+t = 0, 01; 2,x+t = 0, 03; 3,x+t = 0, 03; = 0, 03.
i i, i .
i i P ?
5. i . i,
1,x+t = 1,

2,x+t =

mx =

t
,
t+1

qx
R1

t 0.

t px dt

6. i ,
x
25
26

q1,x
0,01
0,02

q2,x
0,15
0,1

31

px
0,84
0,88

 10 000 i i 25 i. i
ii , 1 i i
? i ii, q2,25
0,25?
7. (x) 2, i , 1
i . i i.
i, :
) 1,x+t = t/20 ;
) 2,x+t = t/10 ;
) = 0.
i .
8. . i -
ii i .
i, :
) 1,30+0,2 = 0, 2 ;
) 2,30+0,4 = 0, 1 ;
) 3,30+0,8 = 0, 15.
q30 .
9. i . i, :
3 p63

= 0; q1,63 = 0, 05; q2,63 = 0, 5;

1| q63

= 0, 07;

2| q1,63

= 0, 042.

500 i i 63 i ii
i, i i 65 66 .
10. i . i, :
) 1,x+0,5 = 0, 02;
) q2,x = 0, 01.
ii i .
1000q1,x .
11. i : i.
(x) i. C1
, i ,
32

C2 i . i, 1 = const, 1 > 0. i
. , i i
C2 Px + (C1 C2 )1 .
12. ,
(k)
x =

3
, x < 100.
11k(100 x)

ii , (10) 60 i?
13. i
(i)

x+t =

i
,
100 (x + t)

t < 100 x.

x = 50 :
) gi (t);

) g(t);

(1)

) 3 p50 ;

(1)
3| q50 ;

(2)

) 3 q50 .

14. i :
R1
qx(j) ;

qx ;

m(j)
x

:=

(j) (j)
p x+t dt
0 t x
.
R 1 (j)
p dt
0 t x

15. i (30) i , :
) i ii i ii
70 i, i i i 300,
ii i i;
) i 70 i, i i, i 20000;
) i ii i , i 70 i i i i i i 300, ii
i ii i.
i i
i i.
33

16. i
t1 et
(1)
x+t = R 1 s ,
s
e
ds
t
(2)

x+t =

1 (1)
x+t ,

t 0,

0 < < 1, > 0, > 0.

) gj (t), g(t), i i i T J.
) ET i DT .
i 1
i 0 . .
1) i , i i.
2) i i?
3) i .
17. (35) i
60 i i i:
) 100 i i i;
) i i 1000 i i i i;
) i 65 i i 2000 i i
i i 2,5 .
-i i i.
18. , i
i i i i:
) i 10000;
) i cj
j.

34

 8

m i i x1 , x2 , ..., xm . i
k-o ii T (xk ) = Tk (k = 1, ..., m). i
m i iii u i (u). t pu ii , u
t , i i 0;
qu , u+t i . . i.
i
u := x1 : x2 : ... : xm
i , i m i, ,
i.
T (u) := min(T1 , T2 , ..., Tm ).
i
t px1 :x2 :...:xm

:= P (T (u) > t) = P (T1 > t, T2 > t, ..., Tm > t) =

m
Y

P (Tk > t) =

k=1

m
Y

t pxk .

k=1

ii i u :
u+t

k=1

k=1

X
d
d X
= ln t pu =
ln t pxk =
xk +t .
dt
dt

-i 1 i i
Ax1 :x2 :...:xm :=

k+1 k px1 :x2 :...:xm qx1 +k:x2 +k:...:xm +k .

k=0

-i i
i
a
x1 :x2 :...:xm :=

X
k=0

35

k k px1 :x2 :...:xm .

n| , n, T ( n|) := n.

T (x : n|) := min(T (x), n).

u := x1 : x2 : ... : xm
i , i i m iii,
T (u) = max{ T1 , T2 , ..., Tm }.
-i i
:
a

a
x1 :x2 :...:xm = S1a S2a + S3a .. + (1)m1 Sm
,

P
Ska = a
xj :xj :...:xj .
1
2
k
-i 1, i
,
A
Ax1 :x2 :..:xm = S1A S2A + S3A ... + (1)m1 Sm

SkA =

Axj1 :xj2 :...:xjk .

u :=

k
x1 : x2 : ... : xm

, i i k m iii.

u :=

[k]
x1 : x2 : .. : xm

, i i k m iii.
i iii c0 , c1 , ..., cm
m
X

[k]

ck t px1 :x2 :...:xm =

j c0 Sjt ;

(1)

j c0 Sja ;

(2)

j=0

k=0
m
X

m
X

[k]

ck a
x1 :x2 :...:xm =

m
X
j=0

k=0

36

m
X

k
dkt px1 :x2 :...:xm
=

k
dk a
x1 :x2 :...:xm
=

(3)

t pxj1 :xj2 :...:xjk ,

m
X

j1 d1 Sja ;

(4)

j=1

k=1

Skt =

j1 d1 Sjt ;

j=1

k=1
m
X

m
X

i :
j ck = ( j1 ck ) .

ck = ck+1 ck ,

-i 1 i
(xk ), r- ,
Z
Ax1 :...:xk1 :xrk :xk+1 ...:xm =

[mr]

v t t px1 :...:xk1 :xk+1 :...: xm t pxk xk +t dt .

i
1. i
x
80
81
82

qx
0,5
0,75
1
[1]

q80:81 , q80:81 , q80:81 .

2. i (x) (y) ii
ii i:

n px ,

) (x : y) i n i;
) i n i;
) n i;
) (x : y) n i;
) i n i;
) i n i.
37

n py .

3. , i (30) (40) iii:

) i i i
1 + e30:40 p30 (1 + e31:40 ) p40 (1 + e30:41 ) + p30:40 (1 + e31:41 );
) i ii
10 p30 (1

+ e40:40 ) 2 11 p30 (1 + e40:41 ) + p40 11 p30 (1 + e41:41 ).

4. i, = 0, 055, x+t = 0, 045, y+t = 0, 035, t 0. A2x:y .

5. i i i i ii i, i
i, . , ,
S(x) = 1

x
,
75

x [0, 75].

i, (55) , (65) .
e55:65 .
6. i (x) (y) . 10000 i
i. i
i. i i , (x) ; (x) i, i (y), i i (x)
i i 0,5 .
i , i, = 0, 05, a
x = 12, a
y = 15,
a
x:y = 10.
7. i i x 1 ii i , . -i
i. i, Ax = 0, 4, Ax:x = 0, 55,
ax = 9. i.
8. i ii = 0, 04, i i i i = 100.
ii , i i 50 i ii, i i i 50 i.
9. i, Z i
i (x) (y).

Z=

v T (y) , T (y) > T (x) ,

0 , i ,
38

 = 0, 06. i, i ii: (x) 0,07,

(y) 0,09. D(Z).
10. i i (x)
i. i :
) 1 i I, ;
) 2 i , I ;
) 3, i I ;
) 4, i I .
i i . , -i i 7Ax 2Ax:x .
11. i (x) (y) 1 i. (x) i (y),
i 0,5. i, i
i :
z = Bcz ,

z 0.

, -i i
Ax + Ay A (1 0, 5cx ),
c = cx + cy .
12. 1 i i. i
ii i. = 0, 05. i i i i i i = 0, 07.
.
13.
x =

1
, 0 x < 100.
100 x

:
) 10 p40:50 ,

) e40:50 ,

) 10 p40:50 ,
) DT (40 : 50),

) cov(T (40 : 50), T (40 : 50)),

) e40:50 ,
) DT (40 : 50),
)
39

2
25 q25:50 .

14. ii 1 ,
i (40) (50) i i 60, ,
(40) i 55, i. i i i
.
15. ,
ax: y: n| = a n| +n| ax:y ;
Ax: n| = Ax Ax: n| + v n .
16. i, i c10 = 3
A = 0, 003.

1
q40:50 , e40:50 = 17.
A140:50 i A40:50

)
)

a
40:50 .

[4]

17. ax:x:x:x:x:x i :
ax:x:x:x = 11, 9; ax:x:x:x:x = 10, 75;

ax:x:x:x:x:x = 9, 675.

18. i i i :
i i

26:20:28
29:26:20
28:29:26
20:28:29
29:26:28:20

14,4
14,3
13,8
14,0
12,5

i i 3,5 %. -i 1000 ii i i
i: (20), (26), (28) (29).
19. , iii ck i dk i (1)-(4).
20. n i (x)
rk (t) i
.
40

 9
i
i n ii. i h Sh . i Sh 0, s1h , s2h , ..., smh
i ii
P (Sh = 0) = ph ,

P (Sh = sjh ) = qjh

j = 1, ..., m i h = 1, ..., n.

S = S1 + S2 + ... + Sn .
i S1 , S2 , ..., Sn i.
i S1 + ... + Sh

P (S1 + ... + Sh = x) =

m
X

P (S1 + ... + Sh1 = x sjh )qjh

j=1

P (S1 + ... + Sh1 = x)ph .

1 (). ii sjh
sjh , i i i i. Iii i
ii i:

sjh sjh ; qjh qjh

= qjh sjh /sjh ; ph ph = 1 (q1h
+ ... + qmh
).

2 (). s
jh i
( i), sjh , s+
jh
, sjh . i i
+
s
jh i sjh i, i
i. i ii :

qjh
=

s+
jh sjh

s+
jh sjh

+
qjh
=

qjh ,

sjh s
jh

s+
jh sjh

qjh .

i i,
S = X1 + X2 + ... + XN ,
41

 i X1 , X2 , ... i, ii, N
i X1 , X2 , ... i i i
q = q1 + q2 + ... + qm ,
ii , ii i j,
p(j) = qj /q (j = 1, 2, . . . ..., m).
ii P (S = k) f (k). i
f (0) = P (S = 0) = P (N = 0) = eq
i
f (k) =

m
1X
jqj f (k j),
k j=1

k = 1, 2, 3, . . .

i i i i
i Xi - ii , .
, i , i R = (S )+ .
-i , ,
Z
() =

(1 F (x))dx,

i i
() =

(1 F (k)).

k=

i
1. Sh i h.
:

0,
100 ,
Sh (x) =

1000 ,

(x) ,
,
.
42

Iii i q1,x = 0, 001, iii i i

q2,x = 0, 15. px = 1 q1,x q2,x .
S = S1 + . . . + S5 .
, ii ,
200.
2. i, S
i i i i 2 .
, -i () i

() = ( )

i i i ii N (0, 1), ii.

3. i :

R=

S , < S < ,
, S .

i R ( E(R)) i
i S (FS ()).
4. ) FS () ().
) i, () = (2 + + 14 2 )e . FS () f ().
5. i, f (1) = 3f (0), f (2) = 2f (0) + 1, 5f (1),
f (x) =

1
(3f (x 3) + 4f (x 2) + 3f (x 1)) ,
x

x = 3, 4, . . . .

f (0).
6. i, log S N (, )-i.
() = E(S )+ .
7. i 2500 i
1000. i i i
i i . i i
i 30 i. i i i
:
43

i = 25 %, l30 = 96307; l31 = 96117;

l32 = 95918.

i, ii i
iii 0,99.
8. ii i i ii p n. i i i,
ii i i m1 i m2 .
ES;

DS;

gs (t) := Eets .

9. S i i = 2 i
ii
pk = 0, 1 k,

k = 1, 2, 3, 4.

P (S = j), j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4; ES; DS.

10. S i i
i ii
pk =

ck
, k = 1, 2, 3, ...,
x log (1 c)

0 < c < 1.

, S i ii i.
c .
11. , ii i i i
i . iii ,
i i i, i
i i , i i i, p. ,
ii i i i, i ii
i, i i.
12. S1 i
= 2 ii , i 1,2,3 ii 0,2; 0,6 0,2 ii. S2
i = 6 ii 3 4 ii 0,5. S1 S2 i.
i S1 + S2 .
13. , S -i

(ii ()
t1 et ), E(S ES)3 = 2
3 .
44

14. S1 i i
i i ii P1 (k); S2 iii i (r, p) i ii Pr (k), k = 1, 2, ... . , S1 S2
ii, = r log p
P1 (k) =

X
(1 p)i
i=1

i log p

P2?i (k).

15. i 10000 i
1000 ii i. i i. i i 30 i, i

x
30
31
32

lx
96307
96117
95918

a
x
15,50099
15,25614
15,0

i = 5%. i i i
( ii i i
). 90 % i i
i i i 90 % i . i i .
i ?
16. :
) i , i i i
i.
) i S = S1 +. . .+Sn i
ii.
17. ii P (S = k)
.
_

18. i F (x) E(S) i.

19. () F (x).

45

 10

. i ,
i: ii i
, , i, . i
i i , i i
i. ii ii ii .
i. i , i. , i ii i,
i , ii ii,
.
iii . i ii , i
, , , i , i i, , ii . i i
i i i ,
i i i i i . ii ii ii .
i, ( i), P a , i i, i
i i ,
, i.
P a = P + P + P + P ,
P i -i, i P , P , P
.
( 1, i n, i i i x)
i i
a
Px:
n| =

Ax: n| + +
ax: n|
(1 )
ax: n|

a
Px:
n| =

d +
1+
Px: n| +
.
1
1

i ( ) ii k k V . i i i
i i i i i i i, .
46

 i , i i i:
kV

= kV + kV + kV .

:
a
k Vx: n|

= (1 + )k Vx: n| .

i
1. i i n = 10 i
i x = 40. 1000,
i = 4 %. i i w = 100.
) i 50. Ii ( = = 0). i i
i .
) i i i, i i?
2. i i
n = 10 i i x = 40.
1000, i = 4 %.
i i w = 100.
) i 40. Ii ( = = 0). i i
i .
) ii i
i, i i?
3. -i i (x) 1
B.
) , i i
Z
1
B t t px x+t dt 1.
0

) i ,
, i .
47

4. i i S i S
n i i , i i.
) i i ,
i n i?
) i ii u,
i, u?
) i ii u
e ,
S, i e
u iii S, i .
) i i i .
5. i S, n i (x)
, i i i i ( ii),
n i. i ii u. S, i
iii i
u S, ii. u.
6. i x :
) i [x, y), i i
i ;
) i [y, z),
z, S .
i, i iii i u, S ii.
S.
) i i i .
) i .
) u i .
7. (40) i 65
i i 1000. ii i
:
) 40 % i i i ;
) i 5 % i i
i i ;
48

) i 2 % i i i;
) i 12,5 i 4 1000
i i i ii;
) i

s(x) =

(1 x )a , x [0, )
0, x

a > 0.
i i i .
8. , i i i
1000 i i = 0, 06, ii i:
-i

, ii
i
( i)
i
(i )
i
( i)

Ax = 0, 20
7,5 % i i
3 % i i
23
2,5
12

i G(b), b. R(b) i i i G(b) ii b. R(b). i G(b) R(b).

9. i (x) i 20 i i i i ii . 10 i
i i i i, i i i . i
i .
10. (x) i n i i ii S. i i ii u .
S, i iii i i u S
ii.
49

) u i.
) ii i i ii ii (t)u (t)s, ii.
u i i.
) u i i
(t) = 1 + kt

(t) = ect ,

i i 100 i.
11. (35) i 30 i i 1000. 12, i 15 % i i ,
iii 1 . ,
i
1
x =
100 x
i i 100, i i i :
1000P, 1000P , 1000P 1000P .
12. i i i :
1000k V,

1000k V , 1000k V

10- .
13. i ii i .
14. i ii i .
15. i ii i .

50

 11
i ii i
Iii i qx i ; i i i (, i ii),
i i i (
i). i i . i
qx qbx .
ii ii ii i ii , i,
i. i i i i , , i i i i
i (. 1).

. 1
Ii, i i x i ,
i i (i , ); i, ii, i
i x + 1 i i i , i i. I ii,
, , i i,
i, (, i i
) i ii i x x + 1.
n ii. Ii
i i i i x + ti x + si
(0 ti < si 1).
51


Ex = (s1 t1 ) + (s2 t2 ) + ... + (sn tn )
i.

i i ii 2Ex .
Dx ii , i i ,
I iii i, i
i , i i I
(m)

si

= [msi + 1] /m,

(m)

si si m- .
i i ii i i:
qbx =

Ex +

D
Px
,
(1 si )
iI

bx
hq

hDx
.
P (m)
Ex +
(si si )
iI

, i ii x + 12 ,
i
qbx =

Dx
.
Ex + 12 Dx

i i

bx+ 12 =

Dx
,
Ex

qbx = 1 exp(b
x+ 12 ) = 1 exp(

Dx
).
Ex

i, i i i, lx , i l0 i x.
Iii i x
s(x) =

lx
.
l0

ii , i i i [x, x + 1) , i
dx = lx lx+1 .
52

Iii , (x) , i
qx =

dx
.
lx

i i: mx i i Lx ii , [x, x + 1) , :
x+1
Z

Lx =

Z1

ly dy =
x

lx+t dt,
0

mx =

dx
.
Lx

t px

= P (T (0) > x + t/T (0) > x) =

ex =

s(x + t)
lx+t
=
,
s(x)
lx

lx+1 + lx+2 + ...

.
lx

i i i i qx
, i i i K. i T i i .
i ii i i i i . , q[x]+t ii i
ii (x + t), x i . i i
i
q[x] < q[x1]+1 < q[x2]+2 < ...
i i i i, ,
r i i . ,
q[xr]+r = q[xr1]+r+1 = q[xr2]+r+2 = ... = qx

l[x]+t = lx+t ,

t r.

i r i i i , i i i i, i .
53

 i
p[x]+t =
q[x]+t =

l[x]+t+1
;
l[x]+t

l[x]+t l[x]+t+1
.
l[x]+t

i i i i
, i ii i.

i
1. i (. 2) :
) i i 25 i ;
) ii , i i 50 ;
) ii , i 25 i i i 50.

. 2
2. i, Dx = 36, Ex = 4820.
bx+ 12 .
54

3. i 50 i. 20
. 27,3 . i
i i i .
4. Ex = 9758, 4 i
(x, x + 1]. I i i. i, i i:
357 i ;
218 ;
528 i .
i ii , (x)
?
5. 100 ii i x, 60
i x + 0, 25.
i i i [x, x + 1] ( , i i ii x + 0, 5). qbx .
6. i i (x, x + 1]. 10
i ii x, ii x + 0, 4. ii x + 0, 8, i ii x + 0, 2
i x + 0, 5. i ii x + 0, 6. qbx .
7. i i i (x, x + 1]. i i . i
1000 i x. i (x, x + 1] :
40 ;
50 .
, i ii x + 21 , i qb1,x
qb2,x .
8. , i , :
) s(x)s(y) s(x + y), x 0, y 0;
R
R
) s(x) s(y)dy s(x + y)dy;
) s(x)

s(y)dy

R
0

s(y)dy

s()d;

R s()
x

s(x) d.

55

9. i :
) iii , (1) i 50 i, 60;
) iii , (30) i 35 i;
) i (26) (31) 12 i.
10. i,
x
40
41
42
43
44

Ex
1150
900
1200
1400
1300

Dx
6
5
12
9
13

qbx .
11. i, , :
1) i i 1600 i;
2) i ii 10 i 540 i.
, i , i
i 70 i. i i i i, ( i ) c ,
P ( > c) = 0, 05.
12. ii i i , :

a) 1/4 q25 ; ) 5,5 p40 ; ) 50,3 ; ) m50 ; ) e30: n| .

13. i i
ii i c.
) i qx i i ii qxs i ?
) i i i , i i (40) 10 i. c
i i i . i i
qxs /qx , i x = 40.
56

14. i i i
i ii i 1000 , i
ii i 50 70 i.
15. , ii e20 , e25 , e30 i i
i i i ii i 20 34 i
, ex x = 20, ..., 34. i i i ( i i )
i.
16. i :
) 2 p[30] ; ) 5 p[30] ; )

1| q[31] ;

) 3 q[31]+1 ; ) e[63] ; ) e[63]+1 .

17. i , ii
i :
) 2 p[31] > 2 p[30]+1 ; ) 1 q[31] >1| q[30]+1 ; ) 2 q[33] >2 q[31]+2 .
18. , i ii i
, i, i
, 0,9 q[60]+0,6 .
19. i i k i i ii ii

. e[x] i ex+k1 , lx+k1 l[x]+r , r < k.

20. , ex i i :
) dx ; ) 1000qx ; ) ex ;
x = 0, . . . , 105 .
21. , i x = Bcx , x = 0, ..., 110,
B = 0, 0001 i c = 1, 01; 1, 05; 1, 1; 1, 2
ii ex i.
22. i, ii i 50
i i i {t p50 }t=1 . i i ii
i.

57

i
[1] Bowers N.L., Gerber H.U., Hickman J.C. et al. Actuarial Mathematics.
Itasca: Society of Actuaries. 1997.
[2] Gerber H.U. Life insurance mathematics. Z
urich: Springer. 1997.
[3] Jordan C.W. Textbook on life contingencies. Chicag: Society of Actuaries. 1991.
[4] Mess B., Christensen J. Exercises in life insurance mathematics.
Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen. 1996.
[5] Neill A. Life contingencies. London: Heinemann. 1977.
[6] Scott W.F. Life assurance mathematics. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University. 1999.
[7] .. ii . K.: . 1999. . I.
[8] .., .. . .: . 2003.

58


i
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

lx
100000
98811
98714
98644
98594
98552
98514
98481
98450
98424
98402
98381
98361
98337
98307
98263
98201
98121
98030
97925
97813
97689
97560
97426
97286
97140
96988
96829
96663
96489
96307
96117
95918

Lx
99403,13
98762,48
98678,99
98619,00
98573,00
98533,00
98497,50
98465,50
98437,00
98413,00
98391,50
98371,00
98349,00
98322,00
98285,00
98231,99
98160,99
98075,49
97977,48
97868,98
97750,97
97624,47
97492,97
97355,97
97212,96
97063,96
96908,46
96745,95
96575,95
96397,94
96211,94
96017,43
95813,42

59

ex
78,05
77,98
77,06
76,11
75,15
74,18
73,21
72,24
71,26
70,28
69,29
68,31
67,32
66,34
65,36
64,39
63,43
62,48
61,54
60,60
59,67
58,75
57,82
56,90
55,98
55,07
54,15
53,24
52,33
51,42
50,52
49,62
48,72

 .
x
lx
33
95709
34
95490
35
95260
36
95018
37
94764
38
94496
39
94214
40
93918
41
93606
42
93277
43
92931
44
92566
45
92181
46
91775
47
91347
48
90896
49
90420
50
89918
51
89389
52
88831
53
88242
54
87621
55
86966
56
86276
57
85548
58
84781
59
83973
60
83122
61
82227
62
81285
63
80294
64
79253
65
78160
66
77012
67
75808
68
74547

Lx
95599,42
95374,91
95138,90
94890,89
94629,87
94354,86
94065,84
93761,83
93441,31
93103,79
92748,26
92373,23
91977,70
91560,67
91121,13
90657,58
90168,53
89652,98
89109,42
88535,85
87930,77
87292,68
86620,08
85910,97
85163,35
84375,71
83546,06
82672,89
81754,19
80787,47
79771,24
78703,97
77583,17
76406,84
75173,97
73883,07

60

ex
47,83
46,94
46,05
45,16
44,28
43,41
42,54
41,67
40,81
39,95
39,09
38,25
37,40
36,57
35,74
34,91
34,09
33,28
32,47
31,68
30,88
30,10
29,32
28,55
27,79
27,04
26,29
25,56
24,83
24,11
23,40
22,70
22,01
21,34
20,67
20,01

 .
x
lx
69
73227
70
71846
71
70403
72
68897
73
67328
74
65694
75
63996
76
62234
77
60408
78
58520
79
56571
80
54563
81
52499
82
50383
83
48218
84
46010
85
43764
86
41487
87
39186
88
36869
89
34545
90
32224
91
29916
92
27631
93
25381
94
23178
95
21033
96
18957
97
16962
98
15059
99
13257
100
11566
101
9992
102
8542
103
7220
104
6029

Lx
72532,12
71119,62
69644,57
68106,48
66504,31
64837,59
63106,80
61311,94
59454,01
57534,50
55554,90
53517,74
51426,49
49284,65
47096,75
44868,27
42605,22
40314,62
38003,97
35681,78
33357,60
31041,42
28743,25
26474,16
24246,17
22070,79
19959,06
17922,54
15972,78
14119,74
12373,07
10740,65
9229,14
7843,99
6588,75
5464,31

61

ex
19,36
18,72
18,10
17,48
16,88
16,28
15,70
15,13
14,58
14,03
13,50
12,97
12,47
11,97
11,48
11,01
10,55
10,10
9,67
9,24
8,83
8,43
8,05
7,67
7,31
6,96
6,62
6,29
5,97
5,67
5,37
5,09
4,81
4,55
4,30
4,05

 .
x
lx
105
4968
106
4036
107
3228
108
2539
109
1961
110
1485
111
1100
112
796
113
561
114
384
115
255
116
163
117
100
118
58
119
32

Lx
4469,77
3601,97
2855,98
2225,17
1701,00
1273,30
931,67
664,85
461,37
310,75
202,18
126,41
75,22
42,45
22,18

62

ex
3,82
3,59
3,38
3,17
2,97
2,78
2,59
2,41
2,24
2,07
1,89
1,72
1,54
1,35
1,12


i
[x]

l[x]

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33

l[x]+1

481,408
456,927
433,841
412,836
393,221
375,681
359,181
344,063
329,638
315,907
303,210
290,518
277,830
264,461
250,070
232,259
209,439
179,680
143,368
109,166
076,957
046,610
017,983
990,921
965,254
940,795
917,341
894,668
872,531
850,662
828,764

34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33

461,409
438,320
416,624
397,007
378,776
362,274
346,811
332,386
318,653
305,612
292,919
280,230
267,547
253,497
237,055
215,485
187,202
151,017
116,899
084,731
054,389
025,734
998,619
972,879
948,338
924,799
902,051
879,860
857,972
836,106
813,958

63

lx+2
34 489,000
34 463,823
34 440,188
34 418,690
34 398,727
34 380,496
34 363,650
34 348,186
34 333,760
34 320,026
34 306,985
34 294,291
34 281,602
34 268,918
34 255,210
34 239,110
34 218,225
34 190,508
34 154,424
34 120,378
34 088,257
34 057,937
34 029,283
34 002,148
33 976,374
33 951,787
33 928,107
33 905,397
33 883,161
33 861,242
33 839,370
33 817,250
33 794,559

x+2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

 .
[x]
l[x]
31
33 806,514
32
33 783,557
33
33 759,503
34
33 733,924
35
33 706,352
36
33 676,272
37
33 643,122
38
33 606,286
39
33 565,089
40
33 518,794
41
33 466,599
42
33 407,624
43
33 340,915
44
33 265,431
45
33 180,042
46
33 083,523
47
32 974,549
48
32 851,686
49
32 713,392
50
32 558,008
51
32 383,756
52
32 188,740
53
31 970,942
54
31 728,226
55
31 458,342
56
31 158,931
57
30 827,543
58
30 461,645
59
30 058,648
60
29 615,936
61
29 130,898
62
28 600,975
63
28 023,708
64
27 396,808

l[x]+1
33 791,191
33 767,439
33 742,299
33 715,331
33 686,054
33 653,938
33 618,409
33 578,835
33 534,529
33 484,739
35 428,646
33 365,360
33 293,909
33 213,241
33 122,213
33 019,589
32 904,032
32 774,102
32 628,250
32 464,813
32 282,013
32 077,958
31 850,639
31 597,933
31 317,610
31 007,338
30 664,702
30 287,215
29 872,344
29 417,538
38 920,265
28 378,059
27 788,571
17 149,632

64

lx+2
33 770,947
33 746,015
33 719,354
33 690,498
33 658,943
33 624,136
33 585,478
33 542,311
33 493,920
33 439,528
33 378,285
33 109,771
33 231,486
33 343,847
33 045,181
32 934,221
32 809,601
32 669,855
32 513,405
32 338,568
32 143,546
31 926,430
31 685,203
31 417,739
31 121,815
30 795,116
30 435,255
30 039,787
29 606,239
29 132,138
28 615,051
28 052,632
27 442,681
26 783,206

x+2
33
34
35
36
37
38
34
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

 .
[x]
l[x]
65
26 718,225
66
25 986,236
67
25 199,536
68
24 357,348
69
23 459,538
70
22 506,732
71
21 500,445
72
20 443,198
73
19 338,635
74
18 191,617
75
17 008,294
76
15 796,140
77
14 563,910
78
13 321,717
79
12 080,592
80
10 852,568

l[x]+1
26 459,331
25 716,097
24 918,797
24 066,835
23 160,273
22 199,940
21 187,559
20 125,863
19 018,696
17 871,109
16 689,418
15 481,232
14 255,427
13 022,064
11 792,241
10 577,865

65

lx+2
26 072,500
25 309,230
24 492,529
23 622,102
22 698,338
21 722,421
20 696,450
19 623,545
18 507,942
17 355,074
16 171,618
14 965,496
13 745,841
12 522,890
11 307,812
10 112,467
8 949,083 6
7 829,875 2
6 766,592 2
5 770,045 9
4 849,621 9
4 012,825 3
3 264,894 9
2 608,527 4
2 043,746 4
1 567,940 5
1 176,078 3
861,089 35
614,378 01
426,421 17
287,388 47
187,720 94
118,612 37

x+2
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99

 .
[x]
l[x]

l[x]+1

66

lx+2
72,353 686
42,523 157
24,028 676
13,027 677
6,762 728 4
3,354 093 4
1,586 011 8
0,713 507 81
0,304 748 96
0,123 321 21

x+2
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109

1. i i ii
2. i i
3. i
4.
5. -i
6. -i
7.
8.
9. i
10.
11. i ii i
i
. i
. i

67

3
4
9
13
17
21
25
30
35
41
46
51
58
59
63